Solar tables

Here you can find information from the European Commission’s CORDIS database, with a cutoff date of 24 September 2024 regarding projects to do with solar power (excluding solar power for use in buildings)

❓ Read more on our methodology for classifiying fossil fuel and other entities

❓ Read more on how we classified solar

???? See a table of the countries with the biggest involvement in these projects

Count per entity of how many Solar projects they are involved in plus total subsidy

	name	code	country	frequency	subsidy
21	FRAUNHOFER	0	DE, nan	207	€ 79,856,165.83
44	COMMISSARIAT A L’ENERGIE ATOMIQUE	0	FR	126	€ 66,408,855.95
3044	KIC INNOENERGY SE	0	NL	3	€ 48,156,042.48
0	CNRS	0	FR	144	€ 46,212,881.33
333	DLR	0	DE, ES	89	€ 42,837,148.69
55	TNO	0	NL	89	€ 40,114,055.44
9	IMEC	0	BE, nan, NL	109	€ 35,933,550.85
347	ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE LAUSANNE	0	CH	91	€ 31,890,599.60
51	CENER-CIEMAT	0	ES	123	€ 30,597,498.96
38	TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK	0	DK	45	€ 24,227,620.59
1107	UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE	0	UK	46	€ 24,157,057.71
1298	CNR	0	IT	64	€ 23,881,499.91
53	UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID	0	ES	64	€ 21,812,058.13
2321	HELMHOLTZ-ZENTRUM BERLIN FUR MATERIALIEN UND ENERGIE GMBH	0	DE	41	€ 20,935,798.69
283	POLITECNICO DI MILANO	0	IT	35	€ 20,148,833.85
1604	SINTEF	1	NO	30	€ 18,095,264.12
382	IMPERIAL COLLEGE	0	UK	47	€ 17,321,082.24
270	FZ JUELICH	0	DE	30	€ 16,988,111.82
2049	AGENZIA NAZIONALE PER LE NUOVE TECNOLOGIE, L’ENERGIA E LO SVILUPPO ECONOMICO SOSTENIBILE	0	IT	42	€ 15,301,898.22
1822	FUNDACIO PRIVADA INSTITUT CATALA D’INVESTIGACIO QUIMICA	0	ES	28	€ 15,034,405.96
233	UPPSALA UNIVERSITY	0	SE	37	€ 14,662,554.78
83	TU EINDHOVEN	0	NL	39	€ 14,613,904.51
224	KIT	0	DE	24	€ 14,480,675.51
191	CSIC	0	ES	42	€ 14,299,744.10
3734	CORPOWER OCEAN AB	0	SE	1	€ 14,153,767.92
47	TU DELFT	0	NL	27	€ 13,937,430.73
163	ENEL	3	IT	21	€ 13,587,212.07
2303	LMU	0	DE	10	€ 13,161,490.46
358	ETHZ	0	CH	41	€ 12,368,667.17
1835	FUNDACION TECNALIA RESEARCH & INNOVATION	0	ES	31	€ 11,994,898.48
2909	STICHTING NEDERLANDSE WETENSCHAPPELIJK ONDERZOEK INSTITUTEN	0	NL	12	€ 11,824,879.37
2806	ETHNIKO KENTRO EREVNAS KAI TECHNOLOGIKIS ANAPTYXIS	0	EL	24	€ 11,310,792.08
282	MAX PLANCK	0	DE	29	€ 11,200,951.10
3375	ENSEMBLE3 SPOLKA Z OGRANICZONA ODPOWIEDZIALNOSCIA	0	PL	1	€ 10,814,886.25
2233	FONDAZIONE ISTITUTO ITALIANO DI TECNOLOGIA	0	IT	24	€ 10,572,660.20
3732	OCEANS OF ENERGY BV	0	NL	2	€ 10,569,084.38
1829	FUNDACIO INSTITUT DE RECERCA DE L’ENERGIA DE CATALUNYA	0	ES	21	€ 10,568,304.75
368	UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD	0	UK	32	€ 10,513,456.31
1811	FUNDACIO INSTITUT DE CIENCIES FOTONIQUES	0	ES	13	€ 9,606,099.79
2217	FUNDACION IMDEA ENERGIA	0	ES	22	€ 9,595,559.19
2764	TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OY	0	FI	18	€ 9,582,595.49
399	POLITECNICO DI TORINO	0	IT	23	€ 8,742,104.16
116	CENTER FOR SOLAR ENERGY AND HYDROGEN RESEARCH BADEN-WÜRTEMBERG	0	DE	46	€ 8,674,277.50
2222	FUNDACION TEKNIKER	0	ES	16	€ 8,582,956.55
2008	FRIEDRICH-ALEXANDER-UNIVERSITAET ERLANGEN-NUERNBERG	0	DE	16	€ 8,527,669.59
2289	MONDRAGON ASSEMBLY SOCIEDAD COOPERATIVA	0	ES	8	€ 8,310,552.50
1995	UNIVERSIDADE DE EVORA	0	PT	19	€ 8,204,070.02
2080	EIDGENOSSISCHE MATERIALPRUFUNGS- UND FORSCHUNGSANSTALT	0	CH	23	€ 8,016,364.69
1	TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH	0	DE	15	€ 8,013,103.17
514	TECHNION	0	IL	23	€ 7,813,100.72
2210	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI ROMA TOR VERGATA	0	IT	21	€ 7,582,035.99
303	VITO	0	BE	13	€ 7,483,859.25
2397	UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CORK – NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND, CORK	0	IE	13	€ 7,471,823.85
4249	TRAKIYSKI UNIVERSITET	0	BG	1	€ 7,385,260.67
1010	UNIVERSITEIT TWENTE	0	NL	11	€ 7,340,201.25
1960	ACONDICIONAMIENTO TARRASENSE ASSOCIACION	0	ES	16	€ 7,255,267.47
41	KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT LEUVEN	0	BE	19	€ 7,192,800.70
2707	CSEM CENTRE SUISSE D’ELECTRONIQUE ET DE MICROTECHNIQUE SA – RECHERCHE ET DEVELOPPEMENT	0	CH	24	€ 7,111,423.91
1180	LUND UNIVERSITY	0	SE	10	€ 6,977,797.15
885	UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA	0	ES	17	€ 6,750,041.49
689	UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID	0	ES	15	€ 6,646,241.20
214	MANCHESTER UNI	0	UK	13	€ 6,632,389.55
1810	JULIUS-MAXIMILIANS-UNIVERSITAT WURZBURG	0	DE	8	€ 6,516,843.08
2160	AIT AUSTRIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY GMBH	0	AT	15	€ 6,378,644.81
1408	KUNGLIGA TEKNISKA HOEGSKOLAN	0	SE	15	€ 6,369,988.96
2966	RINA CONSULTING SPA	0	IT	17	€ 6,321,046.39
2919	TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET DRESDEN	0	DE	18	€ 6,100,912.40
2913	HANWHA Q.CELLS GMBH	0	DE	3	€ 6,100,675.20
22	UNIVERSITY OF STUTTGART	0	DE	30	€ 6,087,273.39
417	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA	0	IT	14	€ 6,041,834.53
725	UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK	0	UK	6	€ 5,962,620.82
2001	SOLTIGUA SRL	0	IT	8	€ 5,870,341.47
546	TU WIEN	0	AT	20	€ 5,806,137.42
2326	UNIVERSITAT JAUME I DE CASTELLON	0	ES	11	€ 5,715,684.41
2195	INTERNATIONAL SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCHCENTER KONSTANZ ISC EV	0	DE	9	€ 5,712,057.25
1991	“NATIONAL CENTER FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH “”DEMOKRITOS”””	0	EL	6	€ 5,584,927.76
2695	COBRA INSTALACIONES Y SERVICIOS S.A	0	ES	10	€ 5,549,890.64
2894	AALTO UNI	0	FI	15	€ 5,521,567.40
2339	KOBENHAVNS UNIVERSITET	0	DK	6	€ 5,504,502.65
2751	ACCADEMIA EUROPEA DI BOLZANO	0	IT	14	€ 5,430,649.65
1856	AARHUS UNI	0	DK	10	€ 5,317,346.15
1988	THE CYPRUS INSTITUTE	0	CY	10	€ 5,306,073.37
209	UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE CATALUNYA	0	ES, nan	21	€ 5,254,077.10
1624	NTNU	0	NO	15	€ 5,195,759.00
1227	SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT	0	DE	10	€ 5,179,815.48
2841	TC DUBLIN	0	IE	9	€ 5,142,697.88
419	BGU NEGEV	0	IL	16	€ 5,061,906.30
3692	IDENER RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT AGRUPACION DE INTERES ECONOMICO	0	ES	8	€ 5,060,206.25
2837	INSTITUT FUR SOLARENERGIEFORSCHUNG GMBH	0	DE	6	€ 5,054,551.60
286	UNIVERSITAT DE VALENCIA	0	ES	11	€ 4,952,116.55
1304	CHALMERS	0	SE	12	€ 4,932,461.32
2480	COATEMA COATING MACHINERY GMBH	0	DE	6	€ 4,908,831.00
3043	INSTITUTT FOR ENERGITEKNIKK	1	NO	5	€ 4,900,645.57
2003	ONYX SOLAR ENERGY SL	0	ES	8	€ 4,784,101.28
2341	UNIVERSIDAD DEL PAIS VASCO/ EUSKAL HERRIKO UNIBERTSITATEA	0	ES	13	€ 4,746,622.28
1344	INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES AG	0	DE	6	€ 4,715,507.56
1481	UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI	0	SI	17	€ 4,700,185.67
2834	MEYER BURGER (GERMANY) GMBH	0	DE	3	€ 4,605,567.06
3562	TAMPEREEN KORKEAKOULUSAATIO SR	0	FI	7	€ 4,570,395.91
86	UTRECHT UNIVERSITY	0	NL	25	€ 4,569,307.00
540	FIAT	0	IT	12	€ 4,557,723.28
173	UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID	0	ES	11	€ 4,550,282.69
2081	TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT	0	FI	15	€ 4,549,883.06
3726	INESC TEC – INSTITUTO DE ENGENHARIADE SISTEMAS E COMPUTADORES, TECNOLOGIA E CIENCIA	0	PT	5	€ 4,522,220.00
407	UNI FREIBURG	0	DE	7	€ 4,512,727.25
3208	LUXEMBOURG INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY	0	LU	3	€ 4,438,095.00
2087	THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD	0	UK	10	€ 4,417,101.60
600	UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN	0	NL	13	€ 4,406,150.82
2234	SZEGEDI TUDOMANYEGYETEM	0	HU	6	€ 4,326,675.36
1936	FUNDACION IMDEA NANOCIENCIA	0	ES	7	€ 4,244,866.67
3764	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI PAVIA	0	IT	5	€ 4,127,098.60
3622	PANEPISTIMIO AIGAIOU	0	EL	1	€ 4,126,111.09
2544	SUNPLUGGED – SOLARE ENERGIESYSTEME GMBH	0	AT	12	€ 4,113,953.88
10	TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET BERLIN	0	DE	9	€ 4,111,887.80
3830	EPISHINE AB	0	SE	4	€ 4,038,854.95
2300	ALMA MATER STUDIORUM – UNIVERSITA DI BOLOGNA	0	IT	11	€ 4,031,931.14
2992	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI ROMA LA SAPIENZA	0	IT	11	€ 4,003,967.09
2835	NORSUN AS	0	NO	7	€ 3,953,638.61
639	WUR	0	NL	9	€ 3,944,029.50
920	UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW	0	UK	9	€ 3,894,295.00
2904	UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE VALENCIA	0	ES	11	€ 3,880,946.15
2302	TURUN YLIOPISTO	0	FI	7	€ 3,832,213.04
2298	INTERNATIONAL IBERIAN NANOTECHNOLOGY LABORATORY	0	PT	12	€ 3,704,104.22
3254	ENAGAS	3	ES	1	€ 3,700,933.00
4093	S.T.F. SALVATORE TRIFONE E FIGLI SPA	0	IT	1	€ 3,700,593.75
2112	TEKNOLOGISK INSTITUT	0	DK	5	€ 3,695,743.95
1853	THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM	0	UK	12	€ 3,627,051.63
3434	ICARES CONSULTING	0	BE	13	€ 3,605,857.50
508	RWTH AACHEN	0	DE	13	€ 3,569,167.59
2030	RICERCA SUL SISTEMA ENERGETICO – RSE SPA	0	IT	7	€ 3,567,024.75
1305	UNIVERSITEIT LEIDEN	0	NL	8	€ 3,562,515.20
2239	TALLINNA TEHNIKAÜLIKOOL	0	EE	5	€ 3,536,038.26
2294	POLITECHNIKA SLASKA	0	PL	4	€ 3,506,017.50
235	CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY	0	UK	9	€ 3,455,667.49
3363	INSOLIGHT SA	0	CH	2	€ 3,436,954.00
2383	LAPPEENRANTA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY	0	FI	8	€ 3,396,616.25
2244	AIXTRON SE	0	DE	5	€ 3,385,644.07
205	LINKOEPING UNIVERSITY	0	SE	12	€ 3,368,318.99
4567	AFRICA GREENTEC AG	0	DE	2	€ 3,337,407.73
2659	THALES	0	FR	4	€ 3,328,588.50
3803	NUOVO PIGNONE SRL	0	IT	2	€ 3,312,177.33
1319	UNIVERSITY OF LIMERICK	0	IE	5	€ 3,305,142.11
4650	HIGHLINE TECHNOLOGY GMBH	0	DE	2	€ 3,248,060.00
1735	AALBORG	0	DK	10	€ 3,220,963.78
2587	UNIVERSITE DU LUXEMBOURG	0	LU	6	€ 3,213,476.45
4054	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI GENOVA	0	IT	8	€ 3,203,585.08
3660	TVP SOLAR SA	0	CH	5	€ 3,157,267.37
61	WIRTSCHAFT UND INFRASTRUKTUR GMBH & CO PLANUNGS KG	0	DE	49	€ 3,145,689.00
3061	FUNDACIO EURECAT	0	ES	7	€ 3,130,466.00
1004	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI MESSINA	0	IT	5	€ 3,122,519.38
57	UNI BARCELONA	0	ES	17	€ 3,110,580.50
4106	BRIGHTSOURCE INDUSTRIES ISRAEL LTD	0	IL	4	€ 3,096,625.00
2773	HYGEAR BV	0	NL	9	€ 3,090,452.00
4301	AYRO	0	FR	1	€ 3,077,027.50
2705	UANTWERPEN	0	BE	3	€ 3,072,416.00
3458	UAB SOLI TEK R&D	0	LT	9	€ 3,050,844.36
2635	HALOCELL EUROPE SRL	0	IT	6	€ 3,044,233.50
2143	UVA	0	NL	6	€ 2,994,985.00
3848	SAULE SPOLKA AKCYJNA	0	PL	11	€ 2,984,842.59
613	UNI THESSALONIKI	0	EL	8	€ 2,982,849.95
2045	IDRYMA TECHNOLOGIAS KAI EREVNAS	0	EL	7	€ 2,982,116.25
2140	UNINOVA-INSTITUTO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DE NOVAS TECNOLOGIAS-ASSOCIACAO	0	PT	6	€ 2,980,399.25
2674	EPIA SOLARPOWER EUROPE	0	BE	12	€ 2,962,980.63
2327	UNIVERSITAET INNSBRUCK	0	AT	5	€ 2,956,588.73
2076	FLISOM AG	0	CH	9	€ 2,949,837.50
3733	WAVEC/OFFSHORE RENEWABLES – CENTRO DE ENERGIA OFFSHORE ASSOCIACAO	0	PT	3	€ 2,937,419.88
2206	QMUL	0	UK	4	€ 2,930,043.81
4634	ECHEMICLES ZARTKORUEN MUKODO RESZVENYTARSASAG	0	HU	2	€ 2,925,875.00
60	UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO	0	PT	10	€ 2,925,314.04
2631	UNI WUPPERTAL	0	DE	4	€ 2,923,435.00
3039	SOL VOLTAICS AB	0	SE	3	€ 2,909,518.00
4688	INSTITUTE OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES	0	PL	2	€ 2,893,038.75
14	UNIVERSITAET KONSTANZ	0	DE	26	€ 2,863,706.90
85	UNIVERSIDADE NOVA DE LISBOA	0	PT	11	€ 2,849,817.60
2601	HELIATEK GMBH	0	DE	5	€ 2,833,165.80
3725	LABELEC ESTUDOS DESENVOLVIMENTO E ACTIVIDADES LABORATORIAIS SA	0	PT	2	€ 2,829,636.25
343	WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE	0	IL	12	€ 2,821,054.94
3842	NEXWAFE GMBH	0	DE	2	€ 2,793,911.63
658	BOCHUM UNIVERSITY	0	DE	7	€ 2,750,463.90
2465	KT – KINETICS TECHNOLOGY SPA	0	IT	2	€ 2,726,781.25
3514	RISE RESEARCH INSTITUTES OF SWEDEN AB	0	SE	6	€ 2,723,683.37
2593	MATERIALS CENTER LEOBEN FORSCHUNG GMBH	0	AT	3	€ 2,723,630.31
1888	UNIVERSIDAD DE LLEIDA	0	ES	7	€ 2,719,787.50
2196	UNIVERSITY OF OSLO	0	NO	6	€ 2,710,528.01
3881	RISE TECHNOLOGY SRL	0	IT	2	€ 2,692,777.50
4274	LEIBNIZ INSTITUT FUR FESTKORPER UND WERKSTOFFORSCHUNG DRESDEN EV	0	DE	3	€ 2,681,472.95
1951	SCUOLA UNIVERSITARIA PROFESSIONALE DELLA SVIZZERA ITALIANA	0	CH	10	€ 2,665,184.94
2090	GOETEBORGS UNIVERSITET	0	SE	5	€ 2,662,627.52
632	UNIVERSITAET WIEN	0	AT	6	€ 2,640,806.96
4136	TEKFEN MUHENDISLIK AS	0	TR	1	€ 2,636,375.00
4318	ODTU GUNES ENERJISI UYGULAMA VE ARA STIRMA MERKEZI	0	TR	7	€ 2,635,215.44
2066	ETHNICON METSOVION POLYTECHNION	0	EL	7	€ 2,630,873.50
3767	TECHNOLOGIKO PANEPISTIMIO KYPROU	0	CY	3	€ 2,615,937.50
4416	FUNDINGBOX ACCELERATOR SP ZOO	0	PL	2	€ 2,606,953.75
4437	ORGANIC ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGIES PRIVATE COMPANY	0	EL	1	€ 2,605,750.00
1055	ELECTRICITE DE FRANCE	0	FR	20	€ 2,577,580.49
721	UNIVERSITY OF CYPRUS	0	CY	13	€ 2,576,733.80
3912	DYENAMO AB	0	SE	6	€ 2,558,787.50
2398	GESELLSCHAFT FUR ANGEWANDTE MIKRO UND OPTOELEKTRONIK MIT BESCHRANKTERHAFTUNG AMO GMBH	0	DE	4	€ 2,556,170.00
3932	ALLIANCE EUROPEENNE DE RECHERCHE DANS LE DOMAINE DE L’ENERGIE	0	BE	5	€ 2,551,903.45
1867	ACCIONA CONSTRUCCION SA	0	ES	10	€ 2,539,679.33
3396	DHP TECHNOLOGY AG	0	CH	2	€ 2,538,124.63
2037	TURKIYE BILIMSEL VE TEKNOLOJIK ARASTIRMA KURUMU	0	TR	13	€ 2,526,548.08
2623	APPLIED MATERIALS ITALIA SRL	0	IT	7	€ 2,524,550.00
3041	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI TORINO	0	IT	6	€ 2,513,607.19
4646	E-PEAS	0	BE	1	€ 2,500,000.00
3861	ATLAS TECHNOLOGIES BV	0	NL	1	€ 2,499,350.00
3768	MIKROBIOLOGICKY USTAV AV CR V.V.I	0	CZ	1	€ 2,498,861.00
2036	TWI LIMITED	0	UK	7	€ 2,496,569.61
4010	FUNDACIO INSTITUT CATALA DE NANOCIENCIA I NANOTECNOLOGIA	0	ES	4	€ 2,495,164.34
3314	SNAM	3	IT, FR	3	€ 2,490,561.13
4739	UNIVERSITAET HEIDELBERG	0	DE	1	€ 2,488,013.00
2862	CITY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON	0	UK	3	€ 2,482,780.41
3304	MAGTEL OPERACIONES SL	0	ES	2	€ 2,482,237.52
1935	STMICROELECTRONICS SRL	0	IT	10	€ 2,451,971.00
3825	HEYDAY INTEGRATED CIRCUITS	0	FR	1	€ 2,437,750.00
3643	FUNDACION CIRCE CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION DE RECURSOS Y CONSUMOS ENERGETICOS	0	ES	4	€ 2,434,848.84
2759	KEMIJSKI INSTITUT	0	SI	8	€ 2,426,622.82
130	UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON	0	UK	10	€ 2,422,045.44
3722	STICHTING DUTCH MARINE ENERGY CENTRE	0	NL	2	€ 2,411,728.75
631	PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT	0	CH	9	€ 2,406,855.29
3206	UNIVERSITE DE BORDEAUX	0	FR	6	€ 2,404,118.81
4636	MATERRUP	0	FR	1	€ 2,403,093.00
2038	UNIVERSITAET BASEL	0	CH	1	€ 2,399,440.00
1804	LABORATORIO NACIONAL DE ENERGIA E GEOLOGIA I.P.	0	PT	11	€ 2,387,924.93
3755	OULUN YLIOPISTO	0	FI	4	€ 2,387,070.50
4649	SMART FARM ROBOTIX OOD	0	BG	1	€ 2,360,936.90
2299	UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON	0	nan, UK	11	€ 2,355,718.14
3077	TU DARMSTADT	0	DE	4	€ 2,345,110.10
1906	3E	0	BE	7	€ 2,338,272.40
1972	UNIVERSITE D’AIX MARSEILLE	0	FR	7	€ 2,305,623.83
2310	BAUHAUS LUFTFAHRT EV	0	DE	3	€ 2,304,272.20
3240	NOVA ID FCT – ASSOCIACAO PARA A INOVACAO E DESENVOLVIMENTO DA FCT	0	PT	3	€ 2,303,968.60
2293	THE UNIVERSITY COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS	0	UK	3	€ 2,295,454.80
2288	CENTRE FOR PROCESS INNOVATION LIMITED LBG	0	UK	3	€ 2,295,061.50
3410	GREENRAIL SRL	0	IT	1	€ 2,290,836.00
2912	S’TILE SA	0	FR	3	€ 2,290,048.45
3995	VALOE OYJ	0	FI	2	€ 2,261,525.00
2023	BRUNEL UNIVERSITY LONDON	0	UK	6	€ 2,253,163.75
1517	UNIVERSITE DE GENEVE	0	CH	4	€ 2,250,701.60
4137	BARILLA G. E R. FRATELLI SPA	0	IT	1	€ 2,240,525.00
3241	FUNDACION BCMATERIALS – BASQUE CENTRE FOR MATERIALS, APPLICATIONS AND NANOSTRUCTURES	0	ES	3	€ 2,232,170.44
2322	UNIWERSYTET WARSZAWSKI	0	PL	8	€ 2,221,242.93
2422	INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES AUSTRIA AG	0	AT	2	€ 2,205,095.41
1299	UNIVERSITEIT HASSELT	0	BE	9	€ 2,201,583.75
1840	AEE – INSTITUT FUR NACHHALTIGE TECHNOLOGIEN	0	AT	8	€ 2,199,422.91
1852	POLI MODEL SRL	0	IT	4	€ 2,163,780.00
3826	TESVOLT GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 2,154,950.00
1851	UNIVERSITY OF SURREY	0	UK	6	€ 2,148,514.57
1466	CONSORZIO INTERUNIVERSITARIO NAZIONALE PER LA SCIENZA E TECNOLOGIA DEI MATERIALI	0	IT	7	€ 2,145,947.50
40	ARMINES	0	FR	22	€ 2,142,442.44
120	UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN	0	BE	6	€ 2,139,047.99
1830	NEXCIS	0	FR	4	€ 2,120,296.90
59	DECHEMA	0	DE	6	€ 2,118,254.86
3771	UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE	0	ES	2	€ 2,107,279.25
2091	THE UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK	0	UK	4	€ 2,100,413.60
3104	SOLERGY ITALIA SRL CON UNICO SOCIO	0	IT	1	€ 2,098,455.63
379	SOLARONIX SA	0	CH	17	€ 2,097,447.40
1973	MIGAL GALILEE RESEARCH INSTITUTE LTD	0	IL	2	€ 2,089,371.00
3408	SEABUBBLES	0	FR	2	€ 2,086,877.50
4639	SOLAR MATERIALS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 2,084,977.00
2588	SEMILAB FELVEZETO FIZIKAI LABORATORIUM ZARTKORUEN MUKODO RESZVENYTARSASAG	0	HU	6	€ 2,077,932.50
2786	HYSYTECH SRL	0	IT	4	€ 2,071,856.00
2342	ASCA GMBH	0	DE	4	€ 2,066,604.62
1059	UMICORE SA	0	BE	6	€ 2,064,229.90
2408	TTY-SAATIO	0	FI	4	€ 2,063,528.37
4469	KALYON GUNES TEKNOLOJILERI URETIM AS	0	TR	4	€ 2,061,756.80
3419	POLARSOL OY	0	FI	1	€ 2,059,050.00
2007	BILKENT UNIVERSITESI VAKIF	0	TR	4	€ 2,052,482.00
3723	PROVINCIALE ONTWIKKELINGSMAATSCHAPPIJ WEST-VLAANDEREN	0	BE	1	€ 2,052,390.00
2684	OXFORD PHOTOVOLTAICS LIMITED	0	UK	5	€ 2,043,488.41
3907	FAHRENHEIT GMBH	0	DE	4	€ 2,043,062.50
3823	MESOLINE B.V.	0	NL	1	€ 2,032,343.25
2748	SALTX TECHNOLOGY AB	0	SE	3	€ 2,030,212.00
3993	UAB VALOE CELLS	0	LT	4	€ 2,025,625.00
3321	AALBORG CSP AS	0	DK	5	€ 2,020,855.01
4766	RECMA	0	BE	1	€ 2,011,187.50
4593	SOLARDUCK B.V.	0	NL	1	€ 2,005,088.75
4738	UNIVERSIDADE DA CORUNA	0	ES	1	€ 1,999,000.00
4560	NECTON-COMPANHIA PORTUGUESA DE CULTURAS MARINHAS SA	0	PT	1	€ 1,993,950.00
2537	COMPANIA ESPANOLA DE ALTA EFICIENCIA FOTOVOLTAICA BSQ SOLAR SL	0	ES	2	€ 1,983,601.38
4339	SOLARCLEANO S. A R. L.	0	LU	3	€ 1,977,780.00
1020	TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET GRAZ	0	AT	7	€ 1,976,183.95
1482	FREIE UNIVERSITAET BERLIN	0	DE	7	€ 1,965,317.68
4570	MASH MAKES A/S	0	DK	2	€ 1,962,823.50
4076	DRACULA TECHNOLOGIES	0	FR	2	€ 1,962,574.75
3865	ABORA ENERGY SOCIEDAD LIMITADA	0	ES	1	€ 1,960,084.35
3835	SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION POWER CORPORATION	0	BE	1	€ 1,955,109.63
1826	UNIVERSITY OF GALWAY	0	IE	4	€ 1,949,671.90
4009	LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE	0	UK	1	€ 1,932,655.01
2608	IKERLAN S. COOP	0	ES	6	€ 1,915,652.00
123	UGENT	0	BE	20	€ 1,905,361.25
135	UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE	0	UK	6	€ 1,893,081.56
423	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI FEDERICO II	0	IT	7	€ 1,879,134.69
4246	EUROPEAN SOLAR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE FOR CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER	0	ES	2	€ 1,869,106.47
3846	XSUN	0	FR	1	€ 1,864,450.00
2172	AMS-OSRAM AG	0	AT	2	€ 1,863,619.00
3155	BUFFALOGRID LIMITED	0	UK	2	€ 1,859,062.50
2111	BERNER FACHHOCHSCHULE	0	CH	4	€ 1,856,282.00
2606	3D-MICROMAC AG	0	DE	4	€ 1,855,375.00
3855	ONOMOTION GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 1,851,306.00
2937	THE UNIVERSITY OF SALFORD	0	UK	3	€ 1,847,271.19
54	CARDIFF UNI	0	UK	11	€ 1,842,956.32
3430	CONVERT ITALIA SPA	0	IT	3	€ 1,830,142.13
2690	FUNDACION CENTRO TECNOLOGICO AVANZADO DE ENERGIAS RENOVABLES DE ANDALUCIA	0	ES	4	€ 1,829,835.38
1576	POLYMER COMPETENCE CENTER LEOBEN GMBH	0	AT	5	€ 1,822,105.66
2285	ASOCIACION DE INVESTIGACION METALURGICA DEL NOROESTE	0	ES	5	€ 1,821,710.00
2431	AVANTAMA AG	0	CH	5	€ 1,799,244.60
1394	THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM	0	UK	11	€ 1,787,457.50
105	UNI KASSEL	0	DE	16	€ 1,770,161.21
1631	BAR ILAN UNIVERSITY	0	IL	6	€ 1,761,223.99
2079	TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET CHEMNITZ	0	DE	7	€ 1,722,527.41
2420	EIGHT19 LIMITED	0	UK	4	€ 1,712,528.15
3411	GENSORIC GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 1,709,750.00
160	CRESS	0	EL	30	€ 1,705,940.21
2697	FONDAZIONE BRUNO KESSLER	0	IT	5	€ 1,704,146.30
1975	UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS	0	UK	6	€ 1,701,497.47
3538	QUALIFYING PHOTOVOLTICS, SL	0	ES	4	€ 1,701,485.63
4656	ODD.BOT BV	0	NL	1	€ 1,700,392.00
1854	TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY	0	IL	5	€ 1,686,101.80
3772	WHITTAKER ENGINEERING (STONEHAVEN) LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 1,679,156.25
3068	UNIVERSITA DI PISA	0	IT	6	€ 1,677,308.28
2290	BENEQ OY	0	FI	3	€ 1,672,712.00
2771	IRIS TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS, SOCIEDAD LIMITADA	0	ES	4	€ 1,671,159.70
2988	UNIVERSITE DE PAU ET DES PAYS DE L’ADOUR	0	FR	2	€ 1,669,815.37
2774	ENGIE	3	FR, IT	7	€ 1,666,676.00
2135	ARKEMA FRANCE SA	0	FR	5	€ 1,658,777.10
3521	VON ARDENNE GMBH	0	DE	4	€ 1,649,806.38
1979	HUMBOLDT-UNIVERSITAET ZU BERLIN	0	DE	5	€ 1,645,067.36
3770	UNIVERZITA PARDUBICE	0	CZ	1	€ 1,644,380.00
4705	CIEL ET TERRE INTERNATIONAL	0	FR	1	€ 1,641,468.51
2278	ULTRA HIGH VACUUM SOLUTIONS LIMITED	0	IE	3	€ 1,634,543.00
3137	TEWER ENGINEERING SL	0	ES	2	€ 1,627,233.00
3882	UNIVERSITE DE MONS	0	BE	4	€ 1,624,300.00
2654	FYZIKALNI USTAV AV CR V.V.I	0	CZ	6	€ 1,617,839.50
3651	GAMESA ELECTRIC SOCIEDAD ANONIMA	0	ES	2	€ 1,611,838.50
4561	BIORIZON BIOTECH SOCIEDAD LIMITADA	0	ES	1	€ 1,610,612.50
4586	SIPOW AS	0	NO	2	€ 1,608,755.00
2462	CONSORZIO NAZIONALE INTERUNIVERSITARIO PER LA NANOELETTRONICA	0	IT	4	€ 1,604,525.00
3250	REDEXIS SA	0	ES	1	€ 1,600,000.00
2343	VALSTYBINIS MOKSLINIU TYRIMU INSTITUTAS FIZINIU IR TECHNOLOGIJOS MOKSLU CENTRAS	0	LT	3	€ 1,592,486.00
3243	ABSOLICON SOLAR COLLECTOR AB	0	SE	3	€ 1,591,812.50
1032	LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY	0	UK	8	€ 1,575,291.85
2790	SCUOLA IMT (ISTITUZIONI, MERCATI, TECNOLOGIE) ALTI STUDI DI LUCCA	0	IT	2	€ 1,572,290.10
2596	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI BRESCIA	0	IT	4	€ 1,570,535.60
2218	COMESSA SA	0	FR	3	€ 1,562,812.50
3829	RATED POWER SL	0	ES	2	€ 1,556,312.50
2133	L’UREDERRA, FUNDACION PARA EL DESARROLLO TECNOLOGICO Y SOCIAL	0	ES	4	€ 1,555,300.60
3248	AMIRES SRO	0	CZ	8	€ 1,551,125.00
255	OBSERVATOIRE MEDITERRANEEN DE L’ENERGIE	0	FR	7	€ 1,549,054.16
3381	MINISTRY OF ENERGY	0	IL, GH	4	€ 1,544,562.05
3371	CENTRO PARA EL DESARROLLO TECNOLOGICO Y LA INNOVACION E.P.E.	0	ES	3	€ 1,544,213.88
4647	SOLAR DEW CLEAN WATER BV	0	NL	1	€ 1,539,105.75
2938	CVD TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED	0	UK	3	€ 1,522,447.30
1528	UNIVERSITE DE LIEGE	0	BE	5	€ 1,509,162.50
2211	EUROPEAN SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY ASSOCIATION	0	BE	8	€ 1,501,949.84
1491	JOHNSON MATTHEY PLC	0	UK	7	€ 1,496,160.05
3418	ESDA TECHNOLOGIE GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 1,490,872.25
4441	ALTECHNA R&D UAB	0	LT	1	€ 1,489,250.00
3467	LUXCHEMTECH GMBH	0	DE	4	€ 1,488,176.38
1993	INSTITUT DE RECHERCHES EN ENERGIE SOLAIRE ET ENERGIES NOUVELLES	0	MA	3	€ 1,486,800.50
3172	CHEMTRIX BV	0	NL	3	€ 1,483,218.89
4622	VIRTUAL VEHICLE RESEARCH GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 1,480,375.00
3968	BRUKER AXS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 1,473,750.00
3135	HELIOVIS AG	0	AT	1	€ 1,470,739.90
4371	SONO MOTORS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 1,468,906.25
3151	ENRY’S PLEX SL	0	ES	2	€ 1,467,850.00
2676	GREATCELL SOLAR UK LIMITED	0	UK	4	€ 1,466,502.44
2744	IONVAC PROCESS SRL	0	IT	4	€ 1,466,296.50
534	ISOFOTON S.A.	0	ES	18	€ 1,458,514.00
78	RADBOUD	0	NL	8	€ 1,457,436.01
1881	VISITRET DISPLAYS OU	0	EE	2	€ 1,453,015.10
4736	USTAV ORGANICKE CHEMIE A BIOCHEMIE, AV CR, V.V.I.	0	CZ	1	€ 1,449,034.00
2917	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DEL PIEMONTE ORIENTALE AMEDEO AVOGADRO	0	IT	3	€ 1,445,139.65
3834	ENERGYNEST AS	0	NO	1	€ 1,435,350.00
3839	LANCEY ENERGY STORAGE	0	FR	1	€ 1,435,000.00
4150	FRANCO TOSI MECCANICA SPA	0	IT	1	€ 1,425,662.37
1896	HSR HOCHSCHULE FUR TECHNIK RAPPERSWIL	0	CH	5	€ 1,425,086.94
2240	LEIBNIZ-INSTITUT FUER PHOTONISCHE TECHNOLOGIEN E.V.	0	DE	4	€ 1,422,487.80
1883	CANATU OY	0	FI	3	€ 1,416,887.90
1956	UAB MODERNIOS E-TECHNOLOGIJOS	0	LT	3	€ 1,413,012.00
2184	GEOPONIKO PANEPISTIMION ATHINON	0	EL	4	€ 1,412,085.00
2026	UNIVERSITAT LINZ	0	AT	6	€ 1,403,838.13
3247	INDUSTRIAL SOLAR GMBH	0	DE	3	€ 1,401,231.06
3964	OCEAN SUN AS	0	NO	1	€ 1,397,955.83
3769	ASOCIACION DE INVESTIGACION MPC – MATERIALS PHYSICS CENTER	0	ES	1	€ 1,395,375.00
4482	MITIS	0	BE	1	€ 1,393,360.00
4135	HELIOHEAT GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 1,387,750.00
3402	FERROAMP ELEKTRONIK AB	0	SE	1	€ 1,384,311.95
2025	UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL	0	UK	5	€ 1,380,571.00
2685	KAUNO TECHNOLOGIJOS UNIVERSITETAS	0	LT	5	€ 1,376,469.00
3369	SIEC BADAWCZA LUKASIEWICZ – INSTYTUT MIKROELEKTRONIKI I FOTONIKI	0	PL	4	€ 1,374,542.50
4553	INSTITUT MINES-TELECOM	0	FR	2	€ 1,365,625.00
3594	BELGISCH LABORATORIUM VAN ELEKTRICITEITSINDUSTRIE	0	BE	6	€ 1,363,530.30
3664	TSK ELECTRONICA Y ELECTRICIDAD SA	0	ES	2	€ 1,357,418.13
1679	AZUR SPACE SOLAR POWER GMBH	0	DE	6	€ 1,356,830.00
2415	EUROTRON BV	0	NL	3	€ 1,350,182.25
4621	SQUAD MOBILITY BV	0	NL	1	€ 1,346,544.50
4618	CLEAN MOTION AB	0	SE	1	€ 1,341,933.25
3442	EUROQUALITY SAS	0	FR	6	€ 1,341,875.00
2664	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI FERRARA	0	IT	5	€ 1,341,108.20
2669	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI PARMA	0	IT	3	€ 1,337,368.00
2099	MINISTERIE VAN ECONOMISCHE ZAKEN EN KLIMAAT	0	NL	4	€ 1,336,974.95
4539	CNET CENTRE FOR NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES SA	0	PT	3	€ 1,334,828.25
3958	IMECON SRL	0	IT	1	€ 1,332,982.00
4384	SOLAVENI GMBH	0	DE	3	€ 1,312,625.00
4625	TUX MOBILITY B.V	0	NL	1	€ 1,308,604.50
1974	MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY	0	TR	8	€ 1,299,795.06
1920	EUREC EESV	0	BE	13	€ 1,298,711.50
3025	UNIVERSIDAD CARLOS III DE MADRID	0	ES	4	€ 1,295,449.30
3691	MONDRAGON ASSEMBLY SA	0	FR	3	€ 1,294,562.50
159	UNIVERSITY OF BATH	0	UK	3	€ 1,292,399.40
2921	ASOCIACION CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION COOPERATIVA EN NANOCIENCIAS CIC NANOGUNE	0	ES	3	€ 1,284,278.00
2745	UNIVERSITE DE STRASBOURG	0	FR	3	€ 1,281,671.25
4148	SEICO HEIZUNGEN GMBH	0	DE	4	€ 1,280,263.13
4299	ANT. TOPIC SOC. A R.L. – AGENZIA MARITTIMA E TRASPORTI INTERNAZIONALI	0	IT	1	€ 1,273,750.00
2665	JRC -JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE- EUROPEAN COMMISSION	0	BE	8	€ 1,266,627.80
3417	NEVEXN SRL	0	IT	1	€ 1,266,531.70
3328	CONSORZIO PER LA RICERCA E LO SVILUPPO DELLE APPLICAZIONI INDUSTRIALI DEL LASER E DEL FASCIO ELETTRONICO E DELL’INGEGNERIA DI PROCESSO, MATERIALI, METODI E TECNOLOGIE DI PRODUZIONE	0	IT	1	€ 1,261,170.25
2132	LONDON SOUTH BANK UNIVERSITY	0	UK	2	€ 1,256,976.02
4305	VERKIS HF	0	IS	1	€ 1,256,148.00
4151	SAINT-GOBAIN CENTRE DE RECHERCHES ET D’ETUDES EUROPEEN	0	FR	2	€ 1,253,675.00
3905	VEOLIA SERVEIS CATALUNYA SOCIEDAD ANONIMA UNIPERSONAL	0	ES	2	€ 1,252,595.97
2054	OSTERREICHISCHE GESELLSCHAFT FUR SYSTEM- UND AUTOMATISIERUNGSTECHNIK	0	AT	2	€ 1,251,442.00
4267	MCPHY ENERGY DEUTSCHLAND GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 1,250,375.00
1847	FUNDACION CIDAUT	0	ES	4	€ 1,249,365.75
4293	BERNHARD-NOCHT-INSTITUT FUER TROPENMEDIZIN	0	DE	1	€ 1,240,135.00
2558	AGFA GEVAERT NV	0	BE	4	€ 1,237,521.00
3745	ENERIM OY	0	FI	2	€ 1,236,155.50
1824	SOLARPRINT LIMITED	0	IE	5	€ 1,235,722.64
3196	UNIVERSITE PARIS CITE	0	FR	5	€ 1,234,424.75
2616	REC SOLAR NORWAY AS	0	NO	2	€ 1,233,250.00
3965	NANTES UNIVERSITE	0	FR	5	€ 1,232,263.92
2861	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI ROMA TRE	0	IT	3	€ 1,232,160.00
2455	BELGAN BV	0	BE	3	€ 1,230,517.00
3572	JOANNEUM RESEARCH FORSCHUNGSGESELLSCHAFT MBH	0	AT	2	€ 1,229,525.75
2015	R & R MECHANICAL LIMITED	0	IE	1	€ 1,222,436.00
3635	UNIVERSITAET HALLE-WITTENBERG	0	DE	3	€ 1,221,208.75
4091	ALSTOM POWER SYSTEMS	0	FR	1	€ 1,220,699.00
2716	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI MODENA E REGGIO EMILIA	0	IT	4	€ 1,220,255.20
2323	ENI	3	IT	7	€ 1,211,051.08
2660	LZH LASERZENTRUM HANNOVER EV	0	DE	2	€ 1,207,613.00
3315	NEXTCHEM TECH SPA	0	IT	4	€ 1,206,500.00
2493	INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO DEL EMBALAJE, TRANSPORTE Y LOGISTICA	0	ES	3	€ 1,204,325.00
3504	ENERRAY SPA	0	IT	1	€ 1,203,562.50
4883	FERRUM TECNOINDUSTRIAL SL	0	ES	1	€ 1,191,149.75
2059	TECNICAS REUNIDAS SA	0	ES	2	€ 1,186,979.63
2797	UNIVERSIDADE DA BEIRA INTERIOR	0	PT	3	€ 1,185,980.00
3200	EREVNITIKO PANEPISTIMIAKO INSTITOUTO SYSTIMATON EPIKOINONION KAI YPOLOGISTON	0	EL	5	€ 1,185,778.20
1813	NPL MANAGEMENT LIMITED	0	UK	5	€ 1,182,898.50
2086	HERIOT-WATT UNIVERSITY	0	UK	6	€ 1,177,683.41
4058	UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE EDUCACION A DISTANCIA	0	ES	2	€ 1,162,500.00
3406	SUNTHERM APS	0	DK	2	€ 1,160,130.00
2922	OSRAM GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 1,158,324.00
3498	ACCUREC-RECYCLING GMBH	0	DE	3	€ 1,158,195.00
2123	INTEGRA RENEWABLE ENERGIES SRL	0	IT	2	€ 1,155,524.26
4509	INSTITUT PHOTOVOLTAIQUE D’ILE DE FRANCE (IPVF)	0	FR	2	€ 1,145,262.38
3013	EUROPEAN DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES LABORATORIES (DERLAB) EV	0	DE	3	€ 1,144,852.29
1064	SOLARTEC S.R.O.	0	CZ	9	€ 1,144,323.57
3621	OPTIMUS PRIME LIMITED	0	IE	1	€ 1,141,687.50
4303	SOLBIAN ENERGIE ALTERNATIVE SRL	0	IT	2	€ 1,138,825.00
4140	SUGIMAT SL	0	ES	2	€ 1,136,027.50
3427	OST – OSTSCHWEIZER FACHHOCHSCHULE	0	CH	3	€ 1,120,055.09
3860	BRITE HELLAS SA	0	EL	2	€ 1,117,941.63
3524	KAEFER SE & CO. KG	0	DE	1	€ 1,110,701.25
3937	GELTZ UMWELTTECHNOLOGIE GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 1,104,250.00
4476	EUROPEAN X-RAY FREE-ELECTRON LASERFACILITY GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 1,103,750.00
3983	SOLAR POWER FILMS GMBH	0	DE	5	€ 1,101,057.75
3687	BIFA UMWELTINSTITUT GMBH	0	DE	3	€ 1,096,859.00
4382	LOMARTOV SL	0	ES	3	€ 1,096,375.00
2598	BAYERISCHES ZENTRUM FUR ANGEWANDTEENERGIEFORSCHUNG ZAE EV	0	DE	3	€ 1,094,432.54
2029	ASTON UNIVERSITY	0	UK	4	€ 1,093,452.90
4511	ELLINIKO MESOGEIAKO PANEPISTIMIO	0	EL	2	€ 1,092,000.00
4496	FOM TECHNOLOGIES A/S	0	DK	2	€ 1,091,187.50
4597	STICHTING DELTARES	0	NL	2	€ 1,086,338.75
1900	TU PRAG	0	CZ	4	€ 1,085,811.50
3090	LOINTEK INGENIERIA Y TECNICAS DE MONTAJES SL	0	ES	2	€ 1,082,500.01
4320	RINA CONSULTING – CENTRO SVILUPPO MATERIALI SPA	0	IT	3	€ 1,078,500.00
3966	SMIT THERMAL SOLUTIONS BV	0	NL	2	€ 1,077,395.00
2788	HELMHOLTZ-ZENTRUM HEREON GMBH	0	DE	3	€ 1,075,136.00
1638	VHF-TECHNOLOGIES SA	0	CH	2	€ 1,074,000.00
3011	INVESTIGACION DESARROLLO E INNOVACION ENERGETICA SL	0	ES	2	€ 1,073,611.70
1959	PERSPEKTYVINIU TECHNOLOGIJU TAIKOMUJU TYRIMU INSTITUTAS	0	LT	5	€ 1,073,204.00
4337	STICHTING MARITIEM RESEARCH INSTITUUT NEDERLAND	0	NL	3	€ 1,071,747.25
1431	UNIRESEARCH BV	0	NL	7	€ 1,071,652.45
2102	KLIMA- UND ENERGIEFONDS	0	AT	3	€ 1,070,413.77
2607	RHODIA OPERATIONS	0	FR	3	€ 1,064,606.00
4852	SORPTION TECHNOLOGIES GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 1,062,140.63
2307	HORIBA FRANCE SAS	0	FR	3	€ 1,061,068.00
4082	CENTRE TECHNIQUE INDUSTRIEL DE LA PLASTURGIE ET DES COMPOSITES	0	FR	2	€ 1,054,687.50
1174	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI FIRENZE	0	IT	5	€ 1,046,214.38
2004	VUB	0	BE	3	€ 1,033,912.50
2915	SOLAR CAPTURE TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED	0	UK	2	€ 1,030,138.00
4616	INND BATTERIES BV	0	NL	1	€ 1,028,090.00
3462	FUTECH	0	BE	1	€ 1,027,320.88
1635	MERCK CHEMICALS LTD	0	nan, UK	5	€ 1,026,969.56
4175	MG SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING AB	0	SE	3	€ 1,025,237.32
2308	OCLARO SWITZERLAND GMBH	0	CH	2	€ 1,024,325.00
4711	COPPRINT TECHNOLOGIES LTD	0	IL	1	€ 1,023,225.00
4278	FONDAZIONE ICONS	0	IT	3	€ 1,022,375.00
3472	INNOSEA	0	FR	4	€ 1,021,209.64
2661	ASSE SRL	0	IT	2	€ 1,015,630.00
3001	PRIMA ELECTRO SPA	0	IT	2	€ 1,014,750.00
4200	KELVION THERMAL SOLUTIONS (PTY) LTD	0	ZA	1	€ 1,012,927.29
2711	DUPONT TEIJIN FILMS UK LTD	0	UK	4	€ 1,010,512.60
1016	TOTALENERGIES	3	FR, BE	9	€ 1,006,316.25
3211	INSYLO TECHNOLOGIES SLU	0	ES	1	€ 1,005,113.38
4874	BOGE KOMPRESSOREN OTTO BOGE GMBH & CO KG	0	DE	1	€ 1,002,881.00
4880	HTT ENERGY GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 999,889.00
1933	3SUN SRL	0	IT	2	€ 999,712.06
4105	INERATEC GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 999,350.00
1977	INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO	0	PT	1	€ 998,584.00
3637	IMRA EUROPE SAS	0	FR	2	€ 996,356.25
4543	SUNLIT SEA AS	0	NO	2	€ 996,125.00
2891	GONVARRI MS CORPORATE SL	0	ES	1	€ 996,016.00
1879	PANEPISTIMIO KRITIS	0	EL	1	€ 995,521.60
4350	INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO DE PORTALEGRE	0	PT	1	€ 994,066.25
3503	EURONOVIA	0	FR	5	€ 988,643.75
2529	ISRA VISION GMBH	0	DE	2	€ 985,590.63
3973	CARTAMUNDI TURNHOUT	0	BE	1	€ 985,482.50
3420	FONDEN TEKNOLOGIRÅDET	0	DK	3	€ 981,641.25
3182	ICLEI EUROPEAN SECRETARIAT GMBH (ICLEI EUROPASEKRETARIAT GMBH)	0	DE	3	€ 981,562.50
946	INSTITUT JOZEF STEFAN	0	SI	3	€ 981,487.50
3051	HOCHSCHULE FUR ANGEWANDTE WISSENSCHAFTEN MUNCHEN	0	DE	2	€ 981,355.25
2848	IVECO SPA	0	IT	1	€ 978,903.00
3802	KELVION THERMAL SOLUTIONS	0	FR	1	€ 978,362.50
2930	VARTA MICROBATTERY GMBH	0	DE	3	€ 975,915.00
4632	RISE PROCESSUM AB	0	SE	1	€ 972,978.75
3205	CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION COOPERATIVA DE ENERGIAS ALTERNATIVAS FUNDACION, CIC ENERGIGUNE FUNDAZIOA	0	ES	3	€ 972,757.21
3372	AGENCIA ESTATAL DE INVESTIGACION	0	ES	3	€ 971,179.77
2224	MOROCCAN AGENCY FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SA	0	MA	6	€ 965,142.16
813	INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNICA AEROESPACIAL ESTEBAN TERRADAS	0	ES	4	€ 964,150.46
3444	UNIVERSITAET ULM	0	DE	3	€ 963,200.00
3899	HYGEAR TECHNOLOGY AND SERVICES BV	0	NL	4	€ 961,433.00
3902	IDP INGENIERIA Y ARQUITECTURA IBERIA SL	0	ES	2	€ 956,243.75
4934	GRILLO-WERKE AG	0	DE	1	€ 953,125.00
3482	BAYWA R.E. OPERATION SERVICES SRL	0	IT	3	€ 950,798.82
2760	ARIES INGENIERIA Y SISTEMAS S.A	0	ES	2	€ 950,315.76
2931	AIRBUS DEFENCE AND SPACE GMBH	0	DE	3	€ 949,525.24
3720	GREEN POWER TECHNOLOGIES SL	0	ES	2	€ 948,501.39
3340	WARRANT HUB SPA	0	IT	5	€ 948,287.50
2311	ARTTIC	0	FR	3	€ 946,263.00
3097	BSW – BUNDESVERBAND SOLARWIRTSCHAFT E.V.	0	DE	3	€ 945,742.50
3649	FUNDACION CARTIF	0	ES	2	€ 945,000.00
2158	UNIVERSIDAD DE ALMERIA	0	ES	5	€ 943,278.61
3889	CALIX (EUROPE) LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 941,000.00
2765	MAX IV LABORATORY, LUND UNIVERSITY	0	SE	2	€ 937,816.00
2847	VOLVO TECHNOLOGY AB	0	SE	1	€ 937,360.00
2703	STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY	0	ZA	3	€ 933,645.73
2533	UNIVERSITY OF HUDDERSFIELD	0	UK	1	€ 931,112.02
4450	KRAFTBLOCK GMBH	0	DE	2	€ 928,750.00
3961	SKARPNES AS	0	NO	1	€ 928,722.45
4388	PIROBLOC SA	0	ES	1	€ 926,975.00
3674	STICHTING IHE DELFT INSTITUTE FOR WATER EDUCATION	0	NL	3	€ 924,155.00
2761	ALITEC SRL	0	IT	2	€ 919,979.75
2528	IBS PRECISION ENGINEERING BV	0	NL	2	€ 912,629.50
89	INSTITUT DE RECERCA I TECNOLOGIA AGROALIMENTARIES	0	ES	2	€ 912,247.00
3801	ABENGOA ENERGIA SA	0	ES	4	€ 911,762.85
1758	MIDSUMMER AB	0	SE	4	€ 910,855.00
3605	SBP SONNE GMBH	0	DE	3	€ 909,387.50
3668	TSK FLAGSOL ENGINEERING GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 907,800.00
3053	CENTITVC – CENTRO DE NANOTECNOLOGIAE MATERIAIS TECNICOS FUNCIONAIS EINTELIGENTES	0	PT	3	€ 905,274.20
3529	AIRBUS NETHERLANDS BV	0	NL	1	€ 904,728.10
2708	FACHHOCHSCHULE NORDWESTSCHWEIZ FHNW	0	CH	5	€ 903,315.00
1952	PANEPISTIMIO PATRON	0	EL	5	€ 902,521.75
1338	SLOVENSKA TECHNICKA UNIVERZITA V BRATISLAVE	0	SK	6	€ 901,850.00
2306	AYMING	0	FR	6	€ 900,940.00
457	VATTENFALL	3	SE, NL, DK	4	€ 900,812.50
4364	MICROENERGY INTERNATIONAL GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 892,727.50
4447	GOTTFRIED WILHELM LEIBNIZ UNIVERSITAET HANNOVER	0	DE	2	€ 891,000.25
4434	SALD B.V.	0	NL	3	€ 890,937.50
2969	UNIVERSIDAD REY JUAN CARLOS	0	ES	3	€ 890,597.00
2849	DAF TRUCKS NV	0	NL	1	€ 887,936.00
3743	INDRA SISTEMAS SA	0	ES	1	€ 884,607.50
301	UNI OLDENBURG	0	DE	9	€ 880,623.40
2477	SOLECTA LTD.	0	IL	1	€ 879,882.00
4408	GENIUS WATTER S.R.L.	0	IT	1	€ 876,575.00
3348	EUROMEDITERRANEAN IRRIGATORS COMMUNITY	0	ES	3	€ 873,808.50
1418	UNIVERSITA DELLA CALABRIA	0	IT	5	€ 872,708.00
3908	ECOTHERM AUSTRIA GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 870,061.81
4659	DEIMOS ENGINEERING AND SYSTEMS SLU	0	ES	1	€ 869,375.00
2656	MULTITEL	0	BE	2	€ 869,203.00
2391	INGETEAM POWER TECHNOLOGY SA	0	ES	3	€ 867,812.13
4111	INGENIERIA PARA EL DESARROLLO TECNOLOGICO SL	0	ES	1	€ 867,773.38
4853	BS NOVA APPARATEBAU GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 858,900.00
3026	DR. SCHENK GMBH INDUSTRIEMESSTECHNIK	0	DE	2	€ 858,150.00
4378	ETA – ENERGIA, TRASPORTI, AGRICOLTURA SRL	0	IT	4	€ 854,569.90
4195	VISBLUE APS	0	DK	1	€ 852,162.50
3530	SOLARGIS SRO	0	SK	2	€ 851,156.25
3963	FRED OLSEN RENEWABLES AS	0	NO	1	€ 850,998.96
3324	RIOGLASS SOLAR SA	0	ES	3	€ 849,868.63
2120	THE SHADOW ROBOT COMPANY LIMITED	0	UK	2	€ 849,572.00
3875	REDSTACK BV	0	NL	1	€ 845,617.50
4724	HYET SOLAR NETHERLANDS BV	0	NL	1	€ 844,900.00
2235	CONSORZIO CREO-CENTRO RICERCHE ELETTRO OTTICHE	0	IT	2	€ 842,253.20
4035	ROAM ELECTRIC AB	0	SE	1	€ 841,505.88
4040	HUDARA GGMBH	0	DE	2	€ 840,731.25
4149	BUILD TO ZERO ENERGY SOCIEDAD LIMITADA	0	ES	3	€ 836,926.45
4169	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI TRIESTE	0	IT	2	€ 836,811.32
2226	MOROCCAN FOUNDATION FOR ADVANCED SCIENCE INNOVATION AND RESEARCHFONDATION MASCIR	0	MA	4	€ 830,477.40
2778	SIGNIFY NETHERLANDS BV	0	NL	2	€ 830,300.00
4712	ENERGYRA EUROPE BV	0	NL	1	€ 827,260.00
2427	HELIOX BV	0	NL	2	€ 825,982.88
2256	THERMAL INSULATION CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION	0	UK	1	€ 821,734.00
2820	VEREIN ZUR FORDERUNG DES TECHNOLOGIETRANSFERS AN DER HOCHSCHULE BREMERHAVEN EV	0	DE	2	€ 820,858.19
4014	INSTITUT NATIONAL DES SCIENCES ET INDUSTRIES DU VIVANT ET DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT – AGROPARISTECH	0	FR	1	€ 820,710.00
4042	SOLVIONIC	0	FR	2	€ 820,268.75
3871	AVVALE ESPANA SL	0	ES	1	€ 819,962.50
2534	SOITEC SOLAR GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 819,883.00
4884	SOLARLITE CSP TECHNOLOGY GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 818,989.50
3067	HELSINGIN YLIOPISTO	0	FI	2	€ 817,661.20
4843	DESARROLLO DE TECNICAS PARA ASTILLEROS SA	0	ES	1	€ 817,075.00
2638	USTAV FYZIKALNI CHEMIE J. HEYROVSKEHO AV CR, V. V. I.	0	CZ	6	€ 815,564.66
3110	SUN GEN SRL	0	IT	1	€ 814,947.00
3485	UNIVERSIDAD PABLO DE OLAVIDE	0	ES	2	€ 812,000.00
2589	INNOVATIVE MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES LTD	0	UK	3	€ 809,695.48
3004	GLOBOTICS INDUSTRIES SA	0	CH	1	€ 805,268.00
2557	FRIEDRICH-SCHILLER-UNIVERSITÄT JENA	0	DE	3	€ 804,500.00
4067	EUROPEAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CATALYSIS A.I.S.B.L.	0	BE	3	€ 802,589.88
3533	AKUO ENERGY SAS	0	FR	2	€ 800,467.50
4389	NEWHEAT	0	FR	1	€ 800,000.00
2775	SOLYDERA SA	0	CH	2	€ 798,520.00
2385	IQE PLC	0	UK	2	€ 797,172.25
3275	AUTORIDAD PORTUARIA DE BALEARES	0	ES	1	€ 794,000.00
2591	BOSCHMAN TECHNOLOGIES BV	0	NL	2	€ 793,457.00
1817	EMERGO D.O.O.	0	HR	3	€ 792,069.03
2559	THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM	0	IL	2	€ 791,104.35
4045	TORRECID SA	0	ES	2	€ 790,300.00
3602	UNIVERSITA POLITECNICA DELLE MARCHE	0	IT	2	€ 790,000.00
3640	AYESA ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES SA	0	ES	3	€ 786,712.00
4072	EIDGENOSSISCHES INSTITUT FUR METROLOGIE METAS	0	CH	1	€ 783,468.75
3910	R2M SOLUTION SRL	0	IT	2	€ 781,950.00
3718	SYLFEN	0	FR	1	€ 781,777.50
2898	UNIVERSITAET BIELEFELD	0	DE	2	€ 780,727.50
2199	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DELLA CAMPANIA LUIGI VANVITELLI	0	IT	2	€ 780,582.00
2626	MECO EQUIPMENT ENGINEERS BV	0	NL	2	€ 780,056.25
4263	ENERIN AS	0	NO	1	€ 779,437.50
2098	NET NOWAK ENERGIE & TECHNOLOGIE AG	0	CH	3	€ 779,241.37
4419	REVOLVE PLANET	0	BE	2	€ 778,875.00
4626	VALEO EQUIPEMENTS ELECTRIQUES MOTEUR SAS	0	FR	1	€ 778,728.13
2118	MANU SYSTEMS AG	0	DE	1	€ 778,614.00
2083	NICE SOLAR ENERGY GMBH	0	DE	4	€ 778,155.00
1157	VSB – TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF OSTRAVA	0	CZ	2	€ 777,500.00
4077	MATERIA NOVA	0	BE	2	€ 776,328.75
1176	INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO	0	PT	4	€ 775,124.56
3959	AUTARQ GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 774,340.00
4929	CONSORZIO PER LA RICERCA E LA DIMOSTRAZIONE SULLE ENERGIE RINNOVABILI	0	IT	1	€ 774,166.25
3810	TEMISTH SAS	0	FR	1	€ 772,828.18
3695	DFD – DENSE FLUID DEGREASING	0	FR	1	€ 771,540.00
3461	ZABALA INNOVATION CONSULTING SA	0	ES	3	€ 770,781.25
4493	CONSORZIO INTERUNIVERSITARIO NAZIONALE PER LA REATTIVITA CHIMICA E LA CATALISI – CIRCC	0	IT	1	€ 768,750.00
4292	EXUS SOFTWARE MONOPROSOPI ETAIRIA PERIORISMENIS EVTHINIS	0	EL	2	€ 768,250.00
3904	CIAOTECH SRL	0	IT	3	€ 768,075.00
3125	GENERACIONES FOTOVOLTAICAS DE LA MANCHA SL	0	ES	2	€ 765,292.50
4373	BRANKA SOLUTIONS SLU	0	ES	1	€ 764,185.63
4514	FOUNDATION FOR INNOVATION AND RESEARCH – MALTA	0	MT	2	€ 763,590.76
3018	NANOPTICS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 763,300.00
2895	ENGINSOFT SPA	0	IT	2	€ 762,376.25
2903	UNIVERSIDADE DO MINHO	0	PT	4	€ 760,900.00
3918	DUALSUN	0	FR	1	€ 758,625.00
4269	ARCEL	0	FR	1	€ 758,625.00
3049	RHP TECHNOLOGY GMBH	0	AT	3	€ 757,847.50
4365	WUPPERTAL INSTITUT FUR KLIMA, UMWELT, ENERGIE GGMBH	0	DE	2	€ 756,358.75
2126	TELEFONICA INVESTIGACION Y DESARROLLO SA	0	ES	1	€ 754,730.00
4271	TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE OSTWESTFALEN-LIPPE	0	DE	1	€ 753,128.75
2014	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI PERUGIA	0	IT	5	€ 750,737.94
2125	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI PALERMO	0	IT	5	€ 750,665.00
2329	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI TRENTO	0	IT	3	€ 748,519.00
2746	OBDUCAT TECHNOLOGIES AB	0	SE	2	€ 748,275.00
2155	INTERNATIONALES INSTITUT FUER ANGEWANDTE SYSTEMANALYSE	0	AT	1	€ 747,787.50
3165	OFFICE NATIONAL D’ETUDES ET DE RECHERCHES AEROSPATIALES	0	FR	2	€ 747,572.50
4484	B.T.G. BIOMASS TECHNOLOGY GROUP BV	0	NL	2	€ 745,812.50
2216	EUROPEAN POWDER AND PROCESS TECHNOLOGY BVBA	0	BE	4	€ 744,893.75
2617	OXFORD INSTRUMENTS PLASMA TECHNOLOGY LTD	0	UK	2	€ 742,516.00
4770	WINGS ICT SOLUTIONS TECHNOLOGIES PLIROFORIKIS KAI EPIKOINONION ANONYMI ETAIREIA	0	EL	2	€ 742,125.00
3901	COMET GLOBAL INNOVATION, SL	0	ES	2	€ 741,300.00
2481	INSIDE2OUTSIDE LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 741,015.00
2027	INSTITUT POLYTECHNIQUE DE BORDEAUX	0	FR	3	€ 739,808.55
2363	ROBERT BOSCH GMBH	0	DE	3	€ 738,267.00
3989	AMIRES THE BUSINESS INNOVATION MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE ZU	0	CZ	3	€ 736,250.00
4938	PANEPISTIMIO DYTIKIS ATTIKIS	0	EL	1	€ 734,523.75
2657	NKT PHOTONICS A/S	0	DK	2	€ 732,100.00
2177	CENTRO RICERCHE PLAST-OPTICA SPA	0	IT	3	€ 731,074.24
2340	THE UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL	0	UK	4	€ 730,171.40
3510	AT & S AUSTRIA TECHNOLOGIE & SYSTEMTECHNIK AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT	0	AT	2	€ 728,429.94
4611	TH!NK E	0	BE	1	€ 727,814.50
155	UNIVERSITY OF NORTHUMBRIA AT NEWCASTLE	0	UK	11	€ 727,401.04
3915	IVL SVENSKA MILJOEINSTITUTET AB	0	SE	2	€ 726,519.63
2410	UNIVERSITAET KOELN	0	DE	1	€ 725,850.00
3512	INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES ITALIA SRL	0	IT	1	€ 725,625.00
2241	PICOSUN OY	0	FI	2	€ 723,180.00
4481	OWI SCIENCE FOR FUELS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 719,722.50
2372	LUMENTUM SWITZERLAND AG	0	CH	1	€ 716,400.00
3667	BLUEBOX ENERGY LTD	0	UK	2	€ 714,584.80
4512	UNIVERSITE DE LA REUNION	0	FR	1	€ 713,125.00
2358	LIGHTMOTIF BV	0	NL	1	€ 710,762.00
2387	BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES	0	BG	3	€ 710,134.00
2173	PHILIPS ELECTRONICS NEDERLAND BV	0	NL	3	€ 709,818.50
3520	ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT LIMITED	0	UK	2	€ 708,255.00
4024	THE WASTE TRANSFORMERS NEDERLAND BV	0	NL	1	€ 706,562.50
1061	AMBIENTE ITALIA SRL	0	IT	5	€ 706,233.75
3474	HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES DUESSELDORF GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 702,800.00
2139	CAS SOFTWARE AG	0	DE	1	€ 702,733.00
3579	DELOITTE ADVISORY SL	0	ES	2	€ 702,250.00
4197	ITRB LTD	0	CY	1	€ 702,106.25
3868	NIJHUIS WATER TECHNOLOGY BV	0	NL	1	€ 700,875.00
2722	INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO DE CANARIAS,S.A.	0	ES	4	€ 700,658.05
4583	INSTYTUT SORBTSIYI TA PROBLEM ENDOEKOLOHIYI NATSIONALNOYI AKADEMIYI NAUK UKRAYINY	0	UA	1	€ 700,020.00
3251	EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE TRANSPORTS URBANS DE PALMA DE MALLORCA S.A	0	ES	1	€ 700,000.00
3852	ROSI	0	FR	1	€ 700,000.00
3542	TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE ULM	0	DE	1	€ 698,875.00
4309	SIDEWIND EHF	0	IS	1	€ 696,937.50
4420	ENVIE 2E AQUITAINE	0	FR	1	€ 696,675.01
4204	ENEXIO GERMANY GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 696,562.50
3528	TF2 DEVICES B.V.	0	NL	3	€ 694,913.75
3052	CENTRE SCIENTIFIQUE & TECHNIQUE DEL’INDUSTRIE TEXTILE BELGE ASBL	0	BE	2	€ 694,031.00
3124	SOLARBOX SOLAR SOLUTIONS SL	0	ES	2	€ 692,250.00
3236	ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS IN IRELAND	0	IE	2	€ 688,860.00
2389	INSTITIUID TEICNEOLAIOCHTA BHAILE ATHA CLIATH	0	IE	2	€ 687,031.99
3451	UNIVERSITE DE MONTPELLIER	0	FR	3	€ 686,818.75
4096	HAMON D’HONDT	0	FR	1	€ 686,600.00
2147	DHI	0	DK	2	€ 685,593.41
3126	RUFEPA TECNOAGRO, S.L.	0	ES	2	€ 683,506.25
3604	NORWEGIAN CRYSTALS AS	0	NO	2	€ 681,593.25
2615	PYROGENESIS SA	0	EL	2	€ 680,687.50
2633	PCAS	0	FR	3	€ 680,315.00
3731	SAOIRSE WAVE ENERGY LIMITED	0	IE	1	€ 679,175.00
4606	FOCCHI SPA	0	IT	2	€ 676,606.50
4073	KEYSIGHT TECHNOLOGIES GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 676,250.00
1982	HELMHOLTZ-ZENTRUM DRESDEN-ROSSENDORF EV	0	DE	3	€ 675,382.80
1846	INTERACTIVE FULLY ELECTRICAL VEHICLES SRL	0	IT	3	€ 673,978.60
3042	FORSCHUNGSVERBUND BERLIN EV	0	DE	2	€ 671,020.20
4415	WATTKRAFT GMBH & CO KG	0	DE	1	€ 671,020.00
4071	FUNDACJA SAULE RESEARCH INSTITUTE	0	PL	2	€ 670,875.00
3015	UNIVERSITAT BAYREUTH	0	DE	2	€ 669,739.20
4455	BARNA STEEL SA	0	ES	1	€ 669,082.75
1918	THE CHARTERED INSTITUTE OF PLUMBING & HEATING ENGINEERING	0	UK	1	€ 668,659.50
2925	QUANTIS	0	CH	3	€ 668,425.00
2926	REGATRON AG	0	CH	2	€ 668,201.24
2694	IST-ID ASSOCIACAO DO INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO PARA A INVESTIGACAO E O DESENVOLVIMENTO	0	PT	4	€ 667,365.86
3545	INSTITUT NATIONAL DE L ENVIRONNEMENT INDUSTRIEL ET DES RISQUES – INERIS	0	FR	4	€ 666,267.50
4152	CENTRUM VYZKUMU REZ SRO	0	CZ	1	€ 665,400.00
3688	APOLLON SOLAR	0	FR	2	€ 662,795.64
1113	UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI	0	nan, ES	3	€ 661,509.95
3517	SILICON AUSTRIA LABS GMBH	0	AT	2	€ 660,894.13
3892	VIRTUALMECHANICS SL	0	ES	2	€ 658,568.29
2666	CPOWER SRL	0	IT	1	€ 655,728.00
4805	RISC SOFTWARE GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 653,750.00
2625	XJET LTD	0	IL	1	€ 653,347.00
2981	INNOVA SRL	0	IT	3	€ 651,502.50
4935	HTE GMBH THE HIGH THROUGHPUT EXPERIMENTATION COMPANY	0	DE	1	€ 650,120.00
2603	THE SOLAR PRESS UK LIMITED	0	UK	2	€ 649,634.00
3519	SWEGAN AB	0	SE	1	€ 649,057.88
3747	INSTITUTE FOR SCIENCE AND INNOVATION COMMUNICATION (INSCICO) GGMBH	0	DE	1	€ 648,250.00
3127	SUNBOOST LTD	0	IL	2	€ 648,051.13
3089	THALES ALENIA SPACE FRANCE SAS	0	FR	3	€ 647,346.75
3672	COLLEGE DE FRANCE	0	FR	3	€ 646,817.80
4065	EBOS TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED	0	CY	2	€ 645,625.00
4799	WATT4EVER	0	BE	1	€ 644,466.38
3630	GREIN RESEARCH EHF	0	IS	1	€ 643,125.00
3222	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI SASSARI	0	IT	3	€ 640,182.25
3994	VOLTEC SOLAR	0	FR	2	€ 639,975.00
4497	TEKNISOLAR S.R.L.	0	IT	1	€ 638,925.00
3002	PRIMA INDUSTRIE SPA	0	IT	1	€ 638,500.00
3045	UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO-BICOCCA	0	IT	5	€ 637,883.80
3024	GREEN POWER DENMARK	0	DK	1	€ 637,574.50
1849	BITRON SPA	0	IT	3	€ 637,334.65
2105	FEDERAL DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, TRANSPORT, ENERGY AND COMMUNICATIONS	0	CH	4	€ 633,802.50
4661	GLASS TO POWER S.P.A.	0	IT	2	€ 632,662.00
2092	STATENS ENERGIMYNDIGHET	0	SE	3	€ 632,574.17
4662	ASOCIACION CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION COOPERATIVA EN BIOMATERIALES- CIC BIOMAGUNE	0	ES	2	€ 631,152.96
3879	JONAS & REDMANN AUTOMATIONSTECHNIK GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 630,199.50
2192	DIACHEIRISTIS ELLINIKOU DIKTYOU DIANOMIS ELEKTRIKIS ENERGEIAS AE	0	EL	5	€ 627,895.00
3588	L – UP SAS	0	FR	2	€ 626,768.20
211	RWE	3	DE, UK	18	€ 625,330.13
3537	WIRTSCHAFTSAGENTUR BURGENLAND FORSCHUNGS- UND INNOVATIONS GMBH	0	AT	2	€ 624,350.00
4910	GVS SPA	0	IT	1	€ 623,437.50
2331	EATON INDUSTRIES (FRANCE) SAS	0	FR	1	€ 619,950.00
2006	UNIVERSIDADE DE AVEIRO	0	PT	4	€ 619,392.35
4063	CROWDHELIX LIMITED	0	IE, UK	2	€ 617,463.75
3099	ECLAREON GMBH	0	DE	3	€ 617,456.25
3543	LUCISUN	0	BE	2	€ 616,875.00
3230	NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND MAYNOOTH	0	IE	2	€ 616,732.50
1409	UNIVERSIDAD DE LA LAGUNA	0	ES	4	€ 615,563.00
4414	AEROPROTECHNIK – AERIAL ENGINEERING, LDA	0	PT	1	€ 615,527.50
4689	RGS DEVELOPMENT BV	0	NL	1	€ 615,508.75
2855	ENGINEERING CENTER STEYR GMBH & CO KG	0	AT	1	€ 615,103.00
4714	FUTURASUN S.R.L.	0	IT	1	€ 614,250.00
3169	UNIVERSIDAD DE BURGOS	0	ES	4	€ 612,716.35
4575	BLUE NOVA ENERGY (PTY) LTD	0	ZA	1	€ 612,467.63
2476	OFFSHORE RENEWABLE ENERGY CATAPULT	0	UK	3	€ 611,753.00
1898	HOGSKOLAN DALARNA	0	SE	2	€ 610,005.15
3876	TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE KOELN	0	DE	1	€ 609,145.00
3535	CEGASA ENERGIA S.L.U.	0	ES	2	€ 609,125.00
2149	AGH UNIVERSITY	0	PL	2	€ 608,866.95
2434	RISE IVF AB	0	SE	2	€ 608,431.00
3599	IHP GMBH – LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE MICROELECTRONICS	0	DE	1	€ 608,250.00
1629	TU VILNIUS	0	LT	3	€ 607,890.65
4272	AEG POWER SOLUTIONS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 607,593.00
2509	SCHOTT AG	0	DE	1	€ 607,272.00
2345	SOFIA UNIVERSITY ST KLIMENT OHRIDSKI	0	BG	2	€ 606,811.59
2732	SHAP R&D SRL	0	IT	2	€ 605,714.94
121	E.N.E. SA – ENERGIES NOUVELLES ET ENVIRONNEMENT	0	BE	6	€ 604,923.75
4349	BIOREF LABORATORIO COLABORATIVO PARA AS BIORREFINARIAS	0	PT	1	€ 604,573.75
2468	ARCHIMEDE SOLAR ENERGY SRL	0	IT	4	€ 604,262.45
2022	UNIVERSIDAD DE CASTILLA LA MANCHA	0	ES	3	€ 603,700.16
2715	UNIVERSITY PRAGUE	0	CZ	2	€ 601,960.00
2215	OXFORD LASERS LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 601,435.23
1828	M-SOLV LTD	0	UK	2	€ 600,791.00
4307	CENTRE TECHNOLOGIQUE NOUVELLE-AQUITAINE COMPOSITES & MATERIAUX AVANCES	0	FR	1	€ 600,437.50
4584	ETI BAKIR ANONIM SIRKETI/MAZIDAGI SUBESI	0	TR	1	€ 600,322.50
4786	KLAIPEDOS UNIVERSITETAS	0	LT	2	€ 600,112.50
4930	NOVA-INSTITUT FUR POLITISCHE UND OKOLOGISCHE INNOVATION GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 599,788.75
3446	INSTITUT NATIONAL DES SCIENCES APPLIQUEES DE RENNES	0	FR	3	€ 599,629.88
2388	ACCIONA GENERACION RENOVABLE, S.A.	0	ES	3	€ 599,017.00
3331	R2M SOLUTION SPAIN SL	0	ES	2	€ 597,621.50
3501	CYCLECO SAS	0	FR	2	€ 596,425.00
3203	THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH	0	UK	5	€ 595,188.56
56	CSTB	0	FR	2	€ 593,650.00
4430	KNEIA SL	0	ES	2	€ 593,294.75
4521	UNIVERZITA PALACKEHO V OLOMOUCI	0	CZ	1	€ 593,125.00
3626	TECHNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS LTD	0	UK	1	€ 592,543.75
4885	RODAMA MAQUINARIA SL	0	ES	1	€ 590,138.50
4541	CLEMENT GERMANY GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 588,275.00
3351	VOLTALIA PORTUGAL SA	0	PT	1	€ 587,714.75
4366	I2M UNTERNEHMENSENTWICKLUNG GMBH	0	AT	2	€ 584,640.00
1980	UNIVERSITY OF GREENWICH	0	UK	2	€ 584,027.00
2763	CENTRE TECHNIQUE DE L INDUSTRIE DESPAPIERS CARTONS ET CELLULOSES	0	FR	1	€ 582,340.00
2520	TEV LTD	0	UK	1	€ 582,007.00
3675	TIAMAT	0	FR	1	€ 581,000.00
2207	EUROPEAN THERMODYNAMICS LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 580,861.00
4771	MUNICIPALITY OF EILAT	0	IL	2	€ 580,406.25
2152	RESEARCH STUDIOS AUSTRIA FORSCHUNGSGESELLSCHAFT MBH	0	AT	1	€ 579,280.00
4162	AVANTIUM CHEMICALS BV	0	NL	2	€ 578,487.50
3819	FICONTEC SERVICE GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 575,937.50
2012	TORRESOL ENERGY INVESTMENTS SA	0	ES	3	€ 575,744.49
4079	ECO RECYCLING SOCIETA A RESPONSABILITA LIMITATA	0	IT	2	€ 574,437.60
4657	ORCHESTRA SCIENTIFIC SOCIEDAD LIMITADA	0	ES	1	€ 573,656.25
2886	TOUGHTROUGH GMBH	0	DE	2	€ 572,821.20
3815	CORE INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY OE	0	EL	1	€ 571,250.00
4020	ECOSUN INNOVATIONS	0	FR	1	€ 571,046.88
3322	JOHN COCKERILL	0	BE	4	€ 569,895.60
4717	EXATEQ GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 569,839.38
1921	SOLAR HEAT EUROPE/EUROPEAN SOLAR THERMAL INDUSTRY FEDERATION	0	BE	4	€ 569,592.50
2284	INGESEA AUTOMATION SL	0	ES	2	€ 568,131.47
3302	FUNDACION AITIIP	0	ES	2	€ 568,125.00
4804	LENZ INSTRUMENTS SL	0	ES	1	€ 566,100.00
3475	ABOVE SURVEYING LTD	0	UK	3	€ 565,600.00
4525	INSTITUT POLYTECHNIQUE DE GRENOBLE	0	FR	1	€ 565,387.20
3974	CARTAMUNDI DIGITAL	0	BE	1	€ 565,373.70
4579	ATA MARKETS INTELLIGENCE SL	0	ES	1	€ 564,174.63
2990	HERAEUS PRECIOUS METALS GMBH & CO. KG	0	DE	2	€ 563,800.66
4379	BECSA SOCIEDAD ANONIMA	0	ES	2	€ 563,312.75
2094	IDRYMA EREVNAS KAI KAINOTOMIAS	0	CY	3	€ 563,289.50
4153	JOHN COCKERILL RENEWABLES	0	BE	4	€ 562,777.64
2742	ABENGOA RESEARCH SL	0	ES	5	€ 562,414.66
1670	POLITECHNIKA WARSZAWSKA	0	PL	5	€ 562,369.00
3652	BEST – BIOENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 561,675.88
4438	IN-CORE SYSTEMES	0	FR	1	€ 560,175.00
2359	ONEFIVE GMBH	0	CH	1	€ 560,040.00
3584	LIETUVOS ENERGETIKOS INSTITUTAS	0	LT	3	€ 559,865.00
3021	A2A RETI ELETTRICHE SPA	0	IT	1	€ 557,650.00
4643	LEIBNIZ-INSTITUT FUER NEUE MATERIALIEN GEMEINNUETZIGE GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 557,250.00
4707	HOCHSCHULE FÜR TECHNIK UND WIRTSCHAFT BERLIN	0	DE	1	€ 556,235.00
2673	EOLITE SYSTEMS SAS	0	FR	1	€ 555,300.00
2399	QUANTAVIS SRL	0	IT	2	€ 553,902.00
2876	STMICROELECTRONICS CROLLES 2 SAS	0	FR	2	€ 553,579.75
4723	INFINITYPV APS	0	DK	3	€ 551,338.00
2275	3GSOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS LTD	0	IL	2	€ 551,289.74
2785	TELEFUNKEN SEMICONDUCTORS GMBHCOKG	0	DE	1	€ 550,920.00
4061	DYNAMIC & SECURITY COMPUTATIONS SL	0	ES	2	€ 550,781.25
3953	NIL TECHNOLOGY APS	0	DK	1	€ 550,625.00
3724	EXCEEDENCE LTD	0	IE	1	€ 550,068.75
3573	TOPSIL GLOBALWAFERS AS	0	DK	1	€ 550,000.00
4019	NANOE MADAGASCAR	0	MG	1	€ 548,187.50
3813	SENSAP SWISS AG	0	CH	1	€ 547,500.00
4413	APRIA SYSTEMS SL	0	ES	2	€ 546,100.00
4078	UNIVERSITE DE LILLE	0	FR	1	€ 544,322.50
2843	WEBASTO SPA	0	IT	2	€ 543,650.00
3195	ABO AKADEMI	0	FI	2	€ 542,846.43
4826	CEST KOMPETENZZENTRUM FUR ELEKTROCHEMISCHE OBERFLACHENTECHNOLOGIE GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 540,662.40
1997	ECOLE NATIONALE D’INGENIEURS DE TUNIS	0	TN	1	€ 540,650.00
2494	SIRRIS HET COLLECTIEF CENTRUM VAN DE TECHNOLOGISCHE INDUSTRIE	0	BE	2	€ 539,897.30
4116	BIOINICIA SL	0	ES	1	€ 539,875.00
3597	UNIVERSITE DE ROUEN NORMANDIE	0	FR	1	€ 539,820.00
1930	ABENGOA SOLAR NEW TECHNOLOGIES SA	0	ES	6	€ 539,276.76
2370	NLIGHT EUROPE SRL	0	IT	2	€ 539,240.00
4418	ASIC XXI S.L.	0	ES	1	€ 539,168.00
2954	HYET SOLAR BV	0	NL	1	€ 537,708.00
2747	UNIVERSITE DE NAMUR ASBL	0	BE	2	€ 537,360.00
2704	FLUXIM AG	0	CH	3	€ 536,800.00
2889	ALENER SOLAR SL	0	ES	1	€ 535,812.50
3339	LIQTECH INTERNATIONAL A/S	0	DK	2	€ 535,028.51
3366	EUROPEAN SCIENCE COMMUNICATION INSTITUTE (ESCI) GGMBH	0	DE	2	€ 534,750.00
2479	ROBOSOFT SERVICES ROBOTS	0	FR	1	€ 534,575.00
2435	CORNING SAS	0	FR	4	€ 533,784.73
1983	GARBO SRL	0	IT	2	€ 532,657.00
2968	NATIONAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY	0	TH	1	€ 532,617.00
2713	AMCOR FLEXIBLES KREUZLINGEN AG	0	CH	2	€ 532,542.00
4086	UNIVERSIDAD DE LA RIOJA	0	ES	1	€ 531,760.00
2994	ELECTRONIC MACHINING SRL	0	IT	1	€ 531,720.00
3017	UMICORE MATERIALS AG	0	LI	1	€ 530,544.00
4327	RTE RESEAU DE TRANSPORT D’ELECTRICITE	0	FR	1	€ 530,503.75
831	CESI	0	IT	5	€ 529,722.50
4043	ALBUFERA ENERGY STORAGE SL	0	ES	1	€ 529,375.00
1831	AGC GLASS EUROPE SA	0	BE	2	€ 529,185.00
2636	GREATCELL SOLAR SA	0	CH	3	€ 528,488.00
4572	HYBRID GREENTECH ENERGY INTELLIGENCE APS	0	DK	1	€ 527,472.75
4674	INO GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 526,282.50
3820	SACMI COOPERATIVA MECCANICI IMOLA SC	0	IT	1	€ 526,000.00
3138	PLANENERGI FOND	0	DK	2	€ 525,937.50
4156	UNIVERSITE D’ANGERS	0	FR	2	€ 525,751.20
3874	ACSA OBRAS E INFRAESTRUCTURAS SAU	0	ES	1	€ 525,616.25
2188	DIMOSIA EPICHEIRISI ILEKTRISMOU ANONYMI ETAIREIA	0	EL	3	€ 525,525.00
3037	DCG SYSTEMS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 525,403.00
4412	OSLO UNIVERSITETSSYKEHUS HF	0	NO	1	€ 525,200.00
3744	TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE NURNBERG GEORG SIMON OHM	0	DE	1	€ 525,081.25
4743	SILON SRO	0	CZ	1	€ 525,000.00
2877	SOLMATES BV	0	NL	2	€ 524,630.00
4383	RINOVASOL GLOBAL SERVICES BV	0	NL	1	€ 523,875.00
3929	SVERIGES LANTBRUKSUNIVERSITET	0	SE	1	€ 523,415.00
2594	APPLIEDSENSOR GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 521,564.00
4671	IN SRL IMPRESA SOCIALE	0	IT	1	€ 521,500.00
1911	BLUESKY INTERNATIONAL LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 520,656.30
2920	SEFAR AG	0	CH	2	€ 520,610.00
391	SHELL	3	NL, DE	9	€ 518,889.00
3057	OHMATEX A/S	0	DK	1	€ 517,832.00
4663	ENPHOS S.R.L.	0	IT	1	€ 517,500.00
4034	TRIALOG	0	FR	1	€ 516,578.13
4679	GRAAL TECH SRL	0	IT	1	€ 516,250.00
3698	FERROATLANTICA I & D SL	0	ES	1	€ 515,375.00
1557	MICROSHARP CORPORATION LIMITED	0	UK	4	€ 514,607.65
2777	ACCESS E.V.	0	DE	1	€ 514,560.00
4721	MEYER BURGER (INDUSTRIES) GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 514,283.00
479	INSTITUT NATIONAL DES SCIENCES APPLIQUEES DE LYON	0	FR	4	€ 514,132.50
2936	FGW FREITALER GERATE-UND WERKZEUGBAU GMBH	0	DE	2	€ 512,930.00
4275	F6S NETWORK IRELAND LIMITED	0	IE	2	€ 512,812.50
4537	MINESPIDER GERMANY GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 512,525.69
4380	PIZ SRL	0	IT	1	€ 511,218.75
2999	SYNESIS-SOCIETA CONSORTILE A RESPONSABILITA LIMITATA	0	IT	1	€ 510,880.00
3690	SOREN	0	FR	4	€ 510,731.38
4505	BEDIMENSIONAL SPA	0	IT	3	€ 510,427.50
2542	UNITECHNOLOGIES SA	0	CH	1	€ 509,678.00
4021	ECOWAS CENTRE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY	0	CV	2	€ 509,291.25
3229	UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA	0	ES	3	€ 506,950.46
2789	NANOCYL SA	0	BE	2	€ 506,825.00
2678	UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA	0	MY	2	€ 506,676.00
3884	SCRIBA NANOTECNOLOGIE SRL	0	IT	1	€ 505,871.87
2460	NXP SEMICONDUCTORS NETHERLANDS BV	0	NL	2	€ 505,745.00
3513	DELTA ELECTRONICS (NORWAY)	0	NO	1	€ 505,456.25
3785	PNO INNOVATION	0	BE	3	€ 505,250.00
3930	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI BARI ALDO MORO	0	IT	1	€ 505,245.00
4345	ANKARA UNIVERSITESI	0	TR	1	€ 503,165.00
3546	MERCK KOMMANDITGESELLSCHAFT AUF AKTIEN	0	DE	1	€ 501,353.75
4439	ELLINIKO SOMATEIO GIA TA ORGANIKA KAI EKTYPOMENA ILEKTRONIKA	0	EL	1	€ 500,000.00
4326	EPRI EUROPE DAC	0	IE	1	€ 499,125.00
4563	ASSOCIACAO OCEANO VERDE LABORATORIO COLABORATIVO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE TECNOLOGIAS E PRODUTOS VERDES DO OCEANO	0	PT	1	€ 499,000.00
4286	ZAVOD ZA GRADBENISTVO SLOVENIJE	0	SI	1	€ 497,868.75
2151	UNIVERSITAET SALZBURG	0	AT	1	€ 496,080.00
3981	EOLANE COMBREE	0	FR	1	€ 496,011.00
3368	MALTA COLLEGE OF ARTS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY	0	MT	1	€ 495,743.75
3619	UNIVERSITA TA MALTA	0	MT	2	€ 495,501.52
3817	ATLANTIS ENGINEERING AE	0	EL	1	€ 495,250.00
3432	REFU ELEKTRONIK GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 495,191.55
4375	FINPROJECT SPA	0	IT	2	€ 493,931.38
4855	GRUPPO SIGLA SRL	0	IT	1	€ 493,893.75
4425	UNITED NATIONS INSTITUTE FOR TRAINING AND RESEARCH	0	CH	1	€ 493,750.00
4352	UNIVERSITAET HOHENHEIM	0	DE	1	€ 492,375.00
3508	UNIVERSITE PARIS-SACLAY	0	FR	3	€ 492,340.00
2933	HUN-REN TERMESZETTUDOMANYI KUTATOKOZPONT	0	HU	2	€ 492,273.73
2067	OFFICINE DI CARTIGLIANO SPA	0	IT	1	€ 490,575.00
3967	NORDMECCANICA SPA	0	IT	1	€ 490,312.50
2040	BOLUDA DIVISION INDUSTRIAL SL	0	ES	2	€ 489,415.69
3033	ORBOTECH LTD	0	IL	1	€ 488,564.00
4549	OSC AS	0	NO	1	€ 488,250.00
232	SORBONNE	0	FR	4	€ 488,000.00
4494	CATALISI INNOVATIVA PER IL RICICLODEL CARBONIO E BIOPOLIMERI	0	IT	1	€ 487,750.00
4918	LANDSON ADVANCED CERAMICS AS	0	DK	1	€ 487,187.50
4081	CRYSTALSOL OU	0	EE	1	€ 486,911.50
4605	SUNSTYLE INTERNATIONAL	0	FR	1	€ 485,205.00
2245	MUSZAKI FIZIKAI ES ANYAGTUDOMANYI KUTATOINTEZET – MAGYAR TUDOMANYOS AKADEMIA	0	HU	2	€ 484,820.00
3893	BROADBIT ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES SRO	0	SK	1	€ 484,500.00
2377	LEIBNIZ-INSTITUT FUR OBERFLACHENMODIFIZIERUNG EV	0	DE	1	€ 483,306.00
4011	BUNDESINSTITUT FUER RISIKOBEWERTUNG	0	DE	1	€ 483,296.25
4062	REAY DAVID	0	UK	1	€ 483,125.00
4294	MDSC SYSTEMS OU	0	EE	1	€ 482,195.00
4409	GENIUS AGUA E ENRGIA CV SA	0	CV	1	€ 481,250.00
4285	UNIVERSIDAD DE CANTABRIA	0	ES	1	€ 481,000.00
3262	FUNDACION PARA EL DESARROLLO DE LAS NUEVAS TECNOLOGIAS DEL HIDROGENO EN ARAGON	0	ES	2	€ 480,937.50
2970	UNIVERSITAET ROSTOCK	0	DE	1	€ 480,180.00
3480	PVCASE UAB	0	LT	2	€ 479,675.00
4435	DEPIA AUTOMATIONS	0	EL	1	€ 476,875.00
3927	AKOTEC PRODUKTIONSGESELLSCHAFT MBH	0	DE	1	€ 476,437.50
4589	UKRAINIAN RESEARCH AND DESIGN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROTHERMAL EQUIPMENT	0	UA	1	€ 476,250.00
2357	IRIS SRL	0	IT	3	€ 476,244.00
4406	FLOMACK (PTY) LTD	0	ZA	1	€ 475,498.63
4429	REDOXME AB	0	SE	1	€ 474,950.00
2671	SOLAR SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT S.R.L.	0	IT	1	€ 473,014.00
3012	AIR INDUSTRIE THERMIQUE ESPANA SL	0	ES	1	€ 472,516.40
3228	BUCKINGHAMSHIRE NEW UNIVERSITY	0	UK	2	€ 472,062.50
3428	HEIM AG SOLARSYSTEME	0	CH	1	€ 472,062.50
4759	TTS TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER SYSTEMS SRL	0	IT	1	€ 471,875.00
3610	CONSORCIO PARA EL DISENO, CONSTRUCCION, EQUIPAMIENTO Y EXPLOTACION DE LA PLATAFORMA OCEANICA DE CANARIAS	0	ES	3	€ 471,856.97
4860	HELIOCITY	0	FR	1	€ 471,625.00
3721	PARCO SCIENTIFICO TECNOLOGICO PER LAMBIENTE ENVIRONMENT PARK TORINO SPA	0	IT	3	€ 471,397.13
3536	NEXT KRAFTWERKE BELGIUM	0	BE	1	€ 471,056.25
3443	G LYTE	0	FR	1	€ 471,055.46
1799	STEINBEIS GMBH & CO KG FUR TECHNOLOGIE TRANSFER	0	DE	4	€ 470,613.10
4635	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI SIENA	0	IT	2	€ 470,596.35
4049	EMERGO HOUT & BOUW BV	0	NL	1	€ 470,593.31
4041	UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME	0	KE	1	€ 470,312.50
4654	LEIBNIZ-INSTITUT FUR POLYMERFORSCHUNG DRESDEN EV	0	DE	1	€ 469,840.00
3476	SAIDEA SRL	0	IT	2	€ 468,622.88
4601	SOLTECH	0	BE	1	€ 467,709.38
4702	ZIMMERMANN PV-STAHLBAU GMBH & CO.KG	0	DE	1	€ 467,687.50
4577	UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI	0	KE	1	€ 467,548.75
3920	SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC SPA	0	IT	1	€ 467,407.50
4284	ECOLE NATIONALE DES PONTS ET CHAUSSEES	0	FR	1	€ 467,098.75
2262	THE UK MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE LIMITED	0	UK	4	€ 464,116.05
4604	INSTITUTE OF BALTIC STUDIES	0	EE	1	€ 463,780.00
2647	PROJEKTKOMPETENZ.EU – GESELLSCHAFT FUR PROJEKTENTWICKLUNG UND -MANAGEMENT MBH	0	AT	2	€ 463,645.70
2869	ASOCIACION DE LA INDUSTRIA NAVARRA	0	ES	2	€ 462,870.40
2739	POLLUTION SRL	0	IT	1	€ 462,600.00
2993	SUSTAINABLE ENGINE SYSTEMS LTD	0	UK	1	€ 462,150.00
3179	INES PLATEFORME FORMATION & EVALUATION	0	FR	4	€ 461,617.24
4670	BERLINER NANOTEST UND DESIGN GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 461,250.00
3334	BEWARRANT	0	BE	2	€ 461,000.00
3544	CYTHELIA ENERGY	0	FR	1	€ 460,643.75
2730	YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY	0	TR	2	€ 460,288.00
4879	CHARTOPOIIA KOMOTINIS ANONYMI VIOMICHANIKI EMPORIKI ETAIREIA	0	EL	1	€ 459,375.00
2536	INSTITUTO DE SISTEMAS FOTOVOLTAICOSDE CONCENTRACION SA	0	ES	1	€ 458,980.00
1832	T-SOLAR GLOBAL S.A.	0	ES	1	€ 458,637.00
3100	ECOPOWER CVBA	0	BE	2	€ 458,372.25
4265	RTDS – VEREIN ZUR FORDERUNG DER KOMMUNIKATION UND VERMITTLUNG VON FORSCHUNG, TECHNOLOGIE UND INNOVATION (RTDS VEREIN, ENGL. RTDS ASSOCIATION)	0	AT	1	€ 458,250.00
2622	FUNDACAO DA FACULDADE DE CIENCIAS DA UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FP	0	PT	1	€ 457,923.00
1814	EPSCO S.R.L.	0	IT	2	€ 457,814.00
4181	LEIBNIZ-INSTITUT FUR AGRARTECHNIK UND BIOOKONOMIE EV	0	DE	1	€ 457,568.75
3895	ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS SRL	0	IT	1	€ 457,500.00
2449	SICO TECHNOLOGY GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 455,756.00
4089	AGENCIA ESTATAL DE METEOROLOGIA	0	ES	1	€ 455,625.00
3996	ION BEAM SERVICES	0	FR	1	€ 455,595.00
4264	WIZ DEVELOPMENT & SERVICES SRL	0	RO	1	€ 455,000.00
2484	PI PHOTOVOLTAIK-INSTITUT BERLIN AG	0	DE	2	€ 454,785.00
4645	NEOTECH AMT GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 454,642.50
3647	CYBERGRID GMBH & CO KG	0	AT	1	€ 453,125.00
3087	THALES ALENIA SPACE BELGIUM SA	0	BE	2	€ 452,155.00
2858	HUTCHINSON SA	0	FR	1	€ 452,050.00
3869	CUT MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 450,714.88
3320	SOCIETE D’INGENIERIE DE REALISATIONS ELECTRIQUES ET D’AUTOMATIS_MES	0	FR	1	€ 450,287.50
4367	UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA	0	RW	2	€ 450,031.25
2395	RIBER SA	0	FR	1	€ 450,000.00
2168	LITHIUM BALANCE AS	0	DK	1	€ 449,750.00
2450	AZZURRO SEMICONDUCTORS AG	0	DE	1	€ 448,800.00
3454	ECOLE NORMALE SUPERIEURE	0	FR	1	€ 448,531.25
4470	CONFEDERACION ABULENSE DE EMPRESARIOS CEOE AVILA	0	ES	1	€ 446,875.00
2164	DESARROLLO DE SISTEMAS TECNOLOGICOSAVANZADOS SL	0	ES	1	€ 446,810.00
4706	BAYWA R.E. SOLAR PROJECTS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 445,900.00
2833	SOLARSPRING GMBH	0	DE	2	€ 444,152.29
2369	ENGAGE – KEY TECHNOLOGY VENTURES AG	0	DE	1	€ 444,000.00
4179	CRMT SAS	0	FR	1	€ 443,226.88
4276	TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY DUBLIN	0	IE	2	€ 441,875.00
4794	CO2 VALUE EUROPE AISBL	0	BE	1	€ 441,550.00
4297	STIRLING DESIGN INTERNATIONAL	0	FR	1	€ 441,250.00
3055	FUNDACION PRIVADA CETEMMSA	0	ES	2	€ 438,980.00
1115	UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA	0	UK	3	€ 438,382.60
3814	HOLONIX SRL	0	IT	1	€ 438,125.00
4906	RESOLVENT DENMARK P/S	0	DK	1	€ 437,500.00
3429	3SUN S.R.L.	0	IT	5	€ 436,125.00
2856	ZF FRIEDRICHSHAFEN AG	0	DE	1	€ 434,201.00
3479	REUNIWATT	0	FR	2	€ 433,775.00
2496	MULTIMEDIA COMPUTER SYSTEM LTD	0	IE	2	€ 433,232.00
2384	COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES GLOBAL LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 432,969.00
4400	FUNDACION INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO DE GALICIA	0	ES	1	€ 432,500.00
4122	MBN NANOMATERIALIA SPA	0	IT	1	€ 430,500.00
2549	AVENTA AS	0	NO	1	€ 429,750.00
4372	OPTIMAL COMPUTING	0	BE	1	€ 429,230.78
3297	TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE NV	0	BE	2	€ 429,170.25
4902	COLLEGE DES INGENIEURS ITALIA SRL	0	IT	1	€ 429,100.00
3005	ANTOPTIMA SA	0	CH	1	€ 428,800.00
4782	TUCO YACHT VAERFT APS	0	DK	1	€ 428,736.88
1843	ICPE SA	0	RO	2	€ 428,229.60
2296	UNIVERSITATEA POLITEHNICA DIN BUCURESTI	0	RO	3	€ 427,500.00
2338	CROATIAN CHAMBER OF ECONOMY CCE	0	HR	1	€ 427,406.00
2309	INSTYTUT CHEMII FIZYCZNEJ POLSKIEJ AKADEMII NAUK	0	PL	2	€ 426,450.00
2668	QUANTA SYSTEM SPA	0	IT	1	€ 425,300.00
4442	POLE FIBRES ENERGIVIE	0	FR	1	€ 425,000.00
2287	VDL ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES GROUP EINDHOVEN BV	0	NL	2	€ 424,771.00
4432	STEKLARNA HRASTNIK DRUZBA ZA PROIZVPROIZVODNJO STEKLENIH IZDELKOV DOO	0	SI	1	€ 424,687.50
4536	INSTITUTO PEDRO NUNES ASSOCIACAO PARA A INOVACAO E DESENVOLVIMENTO EM CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA	0	PT	1	€ 424,225.00
3441	DE WILD-SCHOLTEN MARISKA	0	NL	3	€ 424,143.63
3170	FUNDACION TECNOLOGICA ADVANTX	0	ES	1	€ 424,088.81
3469	SOLAR COATING SOLUTIONS BV	0	NL	1	€ 423,486.13
2717	LULEAA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY	0	SE	2	€ 423,390.68
2367	SCANLAB	0	BE	1	€ 423,160.00
1718	UNIVERSIDAD PUBLICA DE NAVARRA	0	ES	2	€ 421,616.00
2442	B & O GEBAUDETECHNIK GMBH & CO KG	0	DE	2	€ 420,512.00
3806	TEESSIDE UNIVERSITY	0	UK	2	€ 420,068.71
3464	SUNCRAFTER GMBH	0	DE	2	€ 419,754.08
4753	BUNDESANSTALT FUER MATERIALFORSCHUNG UND -PRUEFUNG	0	DE	1	€ 419,375.00
4937	MORGAN ADVANCED MATERIALS HALDENWANGER GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 418,750.00
4914	CIRCULAR WATER TECHNOLOGIES AB	0	SE	1	€ 418,734.23
4856	STAM SRL	0	IT	1	€ 418,009.38
2166	UNIVERSIDAD DE JAEN	0	ES	3	€ 417,877.14
4757	XGILITY LIMITED	0	IE	1	€ 417,500.00
3540	ENFASYS INGENIERIA SL	0	ES	2	€ 417,375.00
4266	TECH POWER ELECTRONICS	0	FR	1	€ 417,375.00
2146	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DELL’AQUILA	0	IT	3	€ 417,200.00
2337	COMPANY FOR PRODUCTION, TRADE AND ENGINEERING OF SOLAR COLLECTORS AND SOLAR SYSTEMS KAMEL SOLAR LTD. SKOPJE	0	MK	2	€ 416,431.29
3822	FILAR-OPTOMATERIALS SRL	0	IT	1	€ 415,875.00
3774	KRINNER CARPORT GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 415,625.00
329	VU AMSTERDAM	0	NL	2	€ 415,000.00
3036	TEKNEK LTD	0	UK	1	€ 414,832.50
2279	ZS-HANDLING GMBH	0	DE	2	€ 414,617.00
3629	SPIKE RENEWABLES SRL	0	IT	1	€ 413,450.00
4446	HOLO-OR LTD	0	IL	1	€ 412,875.00
2330	ICTROOM COMPANY BV	0	NL	1	€ 411,619.00
4291	AGES – OSTERREICHISCHE AGENTUR FUR GESUNDHEIT UND ERNAHRUNGSSICHERHEIT GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 411,375.00
2178	MICROTEC GESELLSCHAFT FUR MIKROTECHNOLOGIE MBH	0	DE	1	€ 410,200.00
4940	INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IRELAND LIMITED	0	IE	1	€ 410,000.00
4841	ALISYS DIGITAL SL	0	ES	1	€ 409,368.75
4876	ARTIGO S.P.A.	0	IT	1	€ 408,187.00
2995	NARVA LICHTQUELLEN GMBH + CO; KG	0	DE	1	€ 407,870.00
2365	GENERAL ELECTRIC (SWITZERLAND) GMBH	0	CH	3	€ 407,385.50
2167	CISC SEMICONDUCTOR GMBH	0	AT	2	€ 406,962.00
4875	ASCORI GMBH & CO. KG	0	DE	1	€ 406,875.00
2714	SAES GETTERS S.P.A.	0	IT	1	€ 406,760.00
2182	SISTEMAS DE CALOR SL	0	ES	1	€ 406,343.50
3940	MILLIDYNE OY	0	FI	1	€ 405,562.50
3662	FONDAZIONE LINKS – LEADING INNOVATION & KNOWLEDGE FOR SOCIETY	0	IT	1	€ 405,550.00
1014	UNIVERSITY OF HULL	0	UK	3	€ 405,547.60
3186	POWER PARITY S.A.	0	PT	1	€ 405,000.00
3338	ENGICER SA	0	CH	3	€ 404,625.00
2247	PANEPISTIMIO IOANNINON	0	EL	2	€ 404,355.72
4163	DIETHNES PANEPISTIMIO ELLADOS	0	EL	2	€ 404,217.50
3477	INACCESS NETWORKS S.A.	0	EL	1	€ 404,075.00
3970	NORSK ELEKTRO OPTIKK AS	0	NO	1	€ 404,000.00
2438	HENKEL ELECTRONIC MATERIALS BELGIUMNV	0	BE	2	€ 403,771.50
4580	GO2POWER DOO BEOGRAD-NOVI BEOGRAD	0	RS	1	€ 402,110.63
1910	SOLAR TRADE ASSOCIATION LIMITED	0	UK	3	€ 401,665.40
4139	DURMEIER GMBH ANLAGENBAU & VERFAHRENSTECHNIK	0	DE	1	€ 401,572.50
4207	MAKERERE UNIVERSITY	0	UG	2	€ 401,372.50
4641	INSTITUTUL NATIONAL DE CERCETAREDEZVOLTARE PENTRU MICROTEHNOLOGIE	0	RO	1	€ 401,250.00
4503	ROLTEC SPOLKA Z OGRANICZONA ODPOWIEDZIALNOSCIA	0	PL	2	€ 400,580.00
2419	ADVANCED ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AE EREUNAS & ANAPTYXIS YLIKON & PROIONTONANANEOSIMON PIGON ENERGEIAS & SYNAFON SYMVOULEFTIKON Y PIRESION	0	EL	2	€ 399,861.25
2819	SOCIEDAD COOPERATIVA ANDALUZA UNION DE UBEDA	0	ES	1	€ 399,741.69
4681	ENGITEC SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL LIMITED	0	CY	1	€ 399,375.00
4498	UNIVERSIDAD DE CORDOBA	0	ES	1	€ 399,350.00
3913	IES R&D	0	IE	1	€ 398,825.00
3525	ORCAN ENERGY AG	0	DE	1	€ 398,437.50
4665	FOSECO NEDERLAND BV	0	NL	1	€ 398,250.00
1994	THE UNIVERSITY OF READING	0	UK	2	€ 398,144.80
3962	SUN NET AS	0	NO	1	€ 397,687.50
4878	THE LORENZ BAHLSEN SNACK-WORLD GMBH & CO KG GERMANY	0	DE	1	€ 397,573.00
2333	CAMERA DI COMMERCIO, INDUSTRIA, ARTIGIANATO E AGRICOLTURA DI MILANO	0	IT	1	€ 396,093.00
4822	SOLHYDAIR	0	BE	1	€ 395,500.00
3582	INSTYTUT ENERGETYKI	0	PL	2	€ 395,450.00
4547	RANIDO, SRO	0	CZ	1	€ 395,303.75
4358	OFFGRIDBOX RWANDA LTD	0	RW	1	€ 394,978.50
3532	MYLIGHT SYSTEMS	0	FR	1	€ 394,800.00
3310	NEMATIA TECHNOLOGIES, SL	0	ES	1	€ 394,119.25
4357	BWB CONNECT CLG	0	IE	1	€ 393,750.00
4436	ALOUMYL, BIOMICHANIA ALOUMINIOY ANONIMI ETAIRIA	0	EL	1	€ 393,750.00
4443	KYRIAKIDIS VASILEIOS – ANONYMI VIOTECHNIKI KAI EMPORIKI ETAIRIA YALOPINAKON KAI EXARTIMATON	0	EL	1	€ 393,750.00
4556	INOVA+ – INNOVATION SERVICES, SA	0	PT	2	€ 393,687.50
3568	BESI AUSTRIA GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 392,375.00
4744	AXIA INNOVATION GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 392,125.00
2498	ASOCIACION DE INDUSTRIAS DE CONOCIMIENTO Y TECNOLOGIA – GAIA – EUSKALHERRIKO EZAGUTZA ETA TEKNOLOGIA INDUSTRIEN ELKARTEA	0	ES	3	€ 391,907.40
4351	MICE – MOLDS AND INJECTED COMPONENTS ENGINEERING SA	0	PT	1	€ 391,370.00
2510	UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION	0	FR	3	€ 391,000.00
2866	ABENGOA INNOVACION SOCIEDAD ANONIMA	0	ES	2	€ 390,975.00
4815	ENERGIES 2050	0	FR	1	€ 390,625.00
4544	ASOCIACION CENTRO TECNOLOGICO CEIT	0	ES	1	€ 390,296.25
4448	HOLOSS – HOLISTIC AND ONTOLOGICALSOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABILITY, LDA.	0	PT	2	€ 390,250.00
1892	STRIP TINNING LTD	0	UK	1	€ 389,761.32
3811	JUSTUS-LIEBIG-UNIVERSITAET GIESSEN	0	DE	1	€ 389,300.00
3694	ZENTRUM FUR SOZIALE INNOVATION GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 389,125.00
4368	E-LICO FOUNDATION	0	TZ	1	€ 388,750.00
4074	QWED SPOLKA Z OGRANICZONA ODPOWIEDZIALNOSCIA	0	PL	1	€ 387,750.00
4015	GAB CONSULTING SPAIN SL	0	ES	1	€ 387,515.90
1126	UNIVERSITAT DE GIRONA	0	ES	4	€ 387,085.44
4925	EURO-FUNDING EU PROJECTS SOCIEDAD LIMITADA	0	ES	1	€ 386,874.13
4960	VON KARMAN INSTITUTE FOR FLUID DYNAMICS	0	BE	1	€ 386,705.00
4234	SOUTH EAST TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY	0	IE	1	€ 386,400.00
2116	PROFACTOR GMBH	0	AT	3	€ 386,065.00
4196	N VISION SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES SL	0	ES	1	€ 385,265.00
4862	EMAZYS APS	0	DK	1	€ 385,218.75
2064	OTTO-VON-GUERICKE-UNIVERSITAET MAGDEBURG	0	DE	1	€ 385,200.00
2978	ASOCIACION DE INVESTIGACION DE LAS INDUSTRIAS DE LA CONSTRUCCION	0	ES	1	€ 384,760.00
2130	GL INDUSTRIAL SERVICES UK LTD	0	UK	1	€ 384,648.00
4185	GREENFLUX ASSETS BV	0	NL	1	€ 384,624.00
3696	RESITEC AS	0	NO	1	€ 384,383.80
3943	DST CLEANTECH LTD	0	IL	1	€ 383,768.00
3977	CADCAMATION KMR SA	0	CH	1	€ 383,687.00
3171	SOCAR	3	TR	1	€ 382,916.58
3437	FRONIUS INTERNATIONAL GMBH	0	AT	2	€ 382,797.81
1127	UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER	0	UK	5	€ 382,348.75
2436	3GSOLAR LTD	0	IL	1	€ 382,000.00
4099	UNIVERSITY OF THE WESTERN CAPE	0	ZA	2	€ 380,988.75
4280	RESEARCH DRIVEN SOLUTIONS LIMITED	0	IE	1	€ 380,794.75
4669	LIGNA ENERGY AB	0	SE	1	€ 380,375.00
1934	MANTIS DEPOSITION LIMITED	0	UK	2	€ 380,143.00
3257	CALVERA HYDROGEN S.A.	0	ES	1	€ 380,000.00
2089	IFP	1	FR	1	€ 380,000.00
4745	KBE ELEKTROTECHNIK GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 379,971.00
2305	CSG SOLAR AG	0	DE	2	€ 379,624.50
3708	RISE CBI BETONGINSTITUTET AB	0	SE	1	€ 379,418.13
4444	MUNICIPALITY OF ALBA IULIA	0	RO	1	€ 378,750.00
3534	GALP	3	PT, ES	1	€ 378,743.75
4847	MIL OIL HELLAS ANONYMI ETAIRIA KAYSIMA LIPANTIKA	0	EL	1	€ 378,659.14
3740	MEADOWS OZONE ENERGY SERVICES LTD.	0	UK	1	€ 378,530.00
2077	XENNIA TECHNOLOGY LIMITED	0	UK	2	€ 378,425.00
2941	DSM III B.V.	0	NL	3	€ 378,143.00
4651	SORPTION TECHNOLOGIES SP ZOO	0	PL	1	€ 377,606.25
3358	CONFERENCE DES REGIONS PERIPHERIQUES MARITIMES D EUROPE	0	FR	2	€ 377,552.00
3707	CHEMSTREAM BVBA	0	BE	1	€ 375,250.00
3003	FRAMOS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 375,200.00
4183	LEHR- UND VERSUCHSANSTALT FUER TIERZUCHT UND TIERHALTUNG(LVAT) EV	0	DE	1	€ 375,125.00
1890	SIEC BADAWCZA LUKASIEWICZ – KRAKOWSKI INSTYTUT TECHNOLOGICZNY	0	PL	2	€ 375,000.00
2512	KING’S COLLEGE LONDON	0	UK	1	€ 374,999.00
2253	PIMEC PETITA I MITJANA EMPRESA DE C ATALUNYA	0	ES	1	€ 374,992.30
2248	POLSKIE STOWARZYSZENIE POMP CIEPLA	0	PL	1	€ 374,961.27
3086	SITAEL SPA	0	IT	2	€ 374,675.00
3071	ILMATIETEEN LAITOS	0	FI	1	€ 374,148.40
3198	DUBLIN CITY UNIVERSITY	0	IE	2	€ 374,053.50
3460	LOSER CHEMIE GMBH	0	DE	3	€ 373,746.83
3245	CLARIANT PRODUKTE (DEUTSCHLAND) GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 373,515.63
2202	CENTRE EUROPEEN DE RECHERCHE ET DEFORMATION AVANCEE EN CALCUL SCIENTIFIQUE	0	FR	1	€ 373,200.00
3185	ADENE – AGENCIA PARA A ENERGIA	0	PT	2	€ 372,845.00
3550	LUNA GEBER ENGINEERING SRL	0	IT	2	€ 372,781.25
400	TRAMA TECNOAMBIENTAL SL	0	ES	6	€ 372,655.00
3094	CREARA CONSULTORES SL	0	ES	2	€ 372,507.50
711	UNIVERSITY OF ULSTER	0	UK	6	€ 372,367.50
2277	ALYXAN SAS	0	FR	2	€ 372,158.00
4331	SOLARGE INTERNATIONAL	0	NL	1	€ 371,962.50
3870	FUELICS IDIOTIKI KEFALAIOUXIKI ETAIREIA	0	EL	1	€ 371,875.00
2928	VARTA MICRO INNOVATION GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 370,462.23
2471	DR. JAKOB ENERGY RESEARCH GMBH & CO. KG	0	DE	3	€ 370,361.32
2378	AMSYS LTD	0	IL	1	€ 370,320.00
3921	BOOSTHEAT	0	FR	1	€ 370,018.27
4653	CORE KENTRO KAINOTOMIAS AMKE	0	EL	1	€ 369,750.00
2863	EUROPEAN TURBINE NETWORK	0	BE	2	€ 369,713.50
3648	UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO	0	ES	1	€ 369,550.00
510	UNIVERSITAT DE LES ILLES BALEARS	0	ES	4	€ 369,094.62
2401	AIMPLAS – ASOCIACION DE INVESTIGACION DE MATERIALES PLASTICOS Y CONEXAS	0	ES	2	€ 369,021.67
2518	FOV FABRICS AB	0	SE	1	€ 368,609.00
2817	LIQTECH AS	0	DK	1	€ 368,000.00
2381	ELAS UAB	0	LT	1	€ 367,680.00
3938	VARIATA DORIT LANG GMBH & COKG	0	DE	1	€ 367,165.75
4608	METABUILD GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 366,957.50
3779	HOCHSCHULE OFFENBURG	0	DE	1	€ 366,527.00
3790	TECLIS INSTRUMENTS	0	FR	1	€ 366,250.00
2478	TECNATOM S.A.	0	ES	1	€ 366,066.00
2312	UNIVERSITAET SIEGEN	0	DE	1	€ 366,040.00
4130	INGENIERIA ESPECIALIZADA OBRA CIVIL E INDUSTRIAL SA	0	ES	1	€ 365,798.85
3922	BDR THERMEA GROUP BV	0	NL	1	€ 365,750.00
3985	ASCA	0	FR	1	€ 365,071.00
1928	THE CYPRUS RESEARCH AND EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION	0	CY	3	€ 364,970.00
2360	EKSPLA UAB	0	LT	1	€ 364,800.00
3946	NANONICS IMAGING LTD	0	IL	1	€ 364,687.50
2291	ISOVOLTAIC AG	0	AT	3	€ 364,666.00
3299	HYSILABS	0	FR	1	€ 364,345.00
702	UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE CARTAGENA	0	ES	2	€ 363,625.00
2986	STARKA BETONGINDUSTRIER KB	0	SE	1	€ 363,600.00
3663	QSIL INGENIEURKERAMIK GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 363,375.00
1565	POLITECHNIKA WROCLAWSKA	0	PL	4	€ 363,286.25
4090	AMC TECH SPOLKA Z OGRANICZONA ODPOWIEDZIALNOSCIA	0	PL	1	€ 363,282.08
3431	GXC COATINGS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 363,212.50
947	UNIVERSITY OF YORK	0	UK	4	€ 363,149.42
1844	SIEC BADAWCZA LUKASIEWICZ – WARSZAWSKI INSTYTUT TECHNOLOGICZNY	0	PL	2	€ 362,835.20
1913	SOLIMPEKS ENERJI SANAYI VE TICARET AS	0	TR	2	€ 362,689.25
4036	HIVE POWER SA	0	CH	1	€ 362,468.75
2927	LAYTEC IN-LINE GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 362,325.00
4652	EUROCONSULT SA	0	FR	1	€ 361,750.00
2053	RELIGHT SRL	0	IT	1	€ 361,750.00
2058	INDUMETAL RECYCLING SA	0	ES	1	€ 361,750.00
3654	RAR-REFINARIAS DE ACUCAR REUNIDAS SA	0	PT	1	€ 361,245.04
3591	X-CELEPRINT LIMITED	0	IE	1	€ 360,412.50
2844	ADETEL EQUIPMENT SAS	0	FR	1	€ 360,398.00
3954	MAPRAD SRL	0	IT	1	€ 360,375.00
4178	EIGEN VERMOGEN VAN HET INSTITUUT VOOR LANDBOUW- EN VISSERIJONDERZOEK	0	BE	1	€ 360,312.50
3300	LGI SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION	0	FR	1	€ 360,250.00
3636	WEEE INTERNATIONAL RECYCLING SL	0	ES	1	€ 360,000.00
3000	SYSTHMATA YPOLOGISTIKIS ORASHS IRIDA LABS AE	0	EL	1	€ 359,800.00
2675	POULEK SOLAR SRO	0	CZ	1	€ 359,502.50
2017	COMPUTERISED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY LTD	0	UK	1	€ 358,423.27
2798	UNIVERSITY OF LINCOLN	0	UK	1	€ 357,750.00
2500	CARDIFF METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY	0	UK	1	€ 357,616.80
3939	OPUS MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES LTD	0	UK	1	€ 357,340.38
3627	FLOWPHYS AS	0	NO	1	€ 357,000.00
2568	SPHERA SOLUTIONS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 356,726.00
4772	POLYMEM	0	FR	1	€ 356,562.50
2971	SIRIM BERHAD	0	MY	1	€ 356,382.00
2787	BIODIVERSITY SPA	0	IT	1	€ 356,000.00
2944	ONDERZOEKSCENTRUM VOOR AANWENDING VAN STAAL NV	0	BE	2	€ 355,515.25
3384	MINISTERO DELL’UNIVERSITÀ E DELLA RICERCA	0	IT	1	€ 355,334.76
4546	ORLEN	3	PL	1	€ 353,716.25
2304	JOHANN WOLFGANG GOETHE-UNIVERSITAET FRANKFURT AM MAIN	0	DE	1	€ 353,579.00
2124	SYNELIXIS LYSEIS PLIROFORIKIS AUTOMATISMOU & TILEPIKOINONION ANONIMI ETAIRIA	0	EL	1	€ 353,284.00
4582	NANOPOW AS	0	NO	1	€ 353,255.00
3386	AGENCE NATIONALE DE LA RECHERCHE	0	FR	1	€ 352,952.16
4666	THERMOPHOTON SL	0	ES	2	€ 352,670.00
3031	INNOPHYSICS BV	0	NL	1	€ 352,640.00
4087	CENTER FOR APPLIED ENERGY RESEARCH EV	0	DE	1	€ 352,522.46
4850	INSTITUTE FOR EUROPEAN ENERGY AND CLIMATE POLICY STICHTING	0	NL	1	€ 352,500.00
3318	INCRESCENDO CONSULTORES SOCIEDAD LIMITADA	0	ES	2	€ 352,250.00
2425	VYSOKE UCENI TECHNICKE V BRNE	0	CZ	3	€ 352,080.64
2883	INSTITUTO DE TELECOMUNICACOES	0	PT	2	€ 351,989.20
3955	AGENZIA TRASPORTO PUBBLICO LOCALE DEL BACINO DELLA CITTA METROPOLITANA DI MILANO MONZA E BRIANZA LODI E PAVIA	0	IT	1	€ 351,250.00
3499	FLEXBRICK SL	0	ES	1	€ 351,162.50
3595	ARGOTECH AS	0	CZ	1	€ 351,050.00
4088	ESE ENGINEERING SERVICES FOR ENERGY SRL	0	IT	1	€ 350,875.00
2223	UNIVERSITE MOHAMMED V DE RABAT	0	MA	3	€ 350,606.60
3945	PHYSIKALISCH-TECHNISCHE BUNDESANSTALT	0	DE	1	€ 350,365.00
4932	ALGOSOURCE TECHNOLOGIES	0	FR	1	€ 350,203.13
1678	PSE AG	0	DE	5	€ 350,000.00
4642	FADEC AB	0	SE	1	€ 350,000.00
4588	SIEC BADAWCZA LUKASIEWICZ – INSTYTUT METALI NIEZELAZNYCH	0	PL	1	€ 349,750.00
4123	INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE	0	UK	1	€ 349,575.00
3617	NEODYNE LIMITED	0	IE	1	€ 348,997.99
2592	EV GROUP E. THALLNER GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 348,692.00
4127	ACCIONA INDUSTRIAL SA	0	ES	2	€ 348,418.75
4680	ROBUST SYSTEMS ENGINEERING SCC LTD	0	CY	1	€ 347,500.00
3289	FCIENCIAS.ID – ASSOCIACAO PARA A INVESTIGACAO E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE CIENCIAS	0	PT	1	€ 346,625.00
3783	HOCHSCHULE WEIHENSTEPHAN-TRIESDORF	0	DE	1	€ 346,475.00
1553	SOLIBRO RESEARCH AB	0	SE	3	€ 346,306.23
3307	FERTIBERIA SA	0	ES	1	€ 346,150.00
1275	DOW	3	BE, ES	3	€ 345,912.50
3353	DOMUS INGENIERIA ENERGETICA SL	0	ES	1	€ 344,748.95
3656	MARTINI & ROSSI SPA	0	IT	1	€ 344,453.87
4631	UNIVERSITAET POTSDAM	0	DE	2	€ 344,375.00
2232	UNIVERSITE PAUL SABATIER TOULOUSE III	0	FR	3	€ 344,055.20
4075	ADAMANT AERODIASTIMIKES EFARMOGES ETAIREIA PERIORISMENIS EFTHYNIS	0	EL	1	€ 344,000.00
2740	FIN-CERAMICA FAENZA SPA	0	IT	1	€ 343,800.00
2996	PROJECTS IN MOTION LIMITED	0	MT	1	€ 343,488.00
2487	CLIP TECHNOLOGY LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 343,127.45
2949	ZAPADOCESKA UNIVERZITA V PLZNI	0	CZ	2	€ 342,581.55
4427	SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS FRANCE	0	FR	1	€ 341,773.25
3426	ALFA LAVAL TECHNOLOGIES AB	0	SE	1	€ 341,125.00
3176	ASOCIACION ECOSERVEIS	0	ES	1	€ 341,122.96
4612	BOUYGUES CONSTRUCTION	0	FR	1	€ 341,092.50
4486	PREFABRICADOS FORMEX SOCIEDAD LIMITADA	0	ES	1	€ 340,211.10
4491	GEMMATE TECHNOLOGIES SRL	0	IT	1	€ 340,125.00
4926	EXOMATTER GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 340,000.00
2122	MAZEL INGENIEROS, SOCIEDAD ANONIMA	0	ES	1	€ 340,000.00
2854	AVL LIST GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 339,399.00
3816	ALPES LASERS SA	0	CH	2	€ 339,375.00
3608	SINN POWER GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 339,150.00
2846	SKF GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 339,000.00
4863	PANGAIA GRADO ZERO SRL	0	IT	1	€ 338,932.14
2663	SOLARTEC INTERNATIONAL AG	0	DE	1	€ 338,729.00
4697	MERSEN FRANCE ANGERS SAS	0	FR	1	€ 338,712.50
3078	ENERGY CHANGES SRO	0	SK	1	€ 336,365.16
3616	AQUABIOTECH LIMITED	0	MT	2	€ 335,794.38
3978	AGENCE NATIONALE POUR LA MAITRISE DE L’ENERGIE	0	TN	1	€ 335,625.00
3168	STRATAGEM ENERGY LTD	0	CY	1	€ 335,001.24
2836	MEYER BURGER AG	0	CH	5	€ 334,678.20
2440	ZEOSYS – ZEOLITHSYSTEME FORSCHUNGS- UND VERTRIEBSUNTERNEHMEN FUR UMWELTSCHUTZ-, -MEDIZIN- UND ENERGIETECHNIK GMBH	0	DE	2	€ 334,510.00
4542	IFEU – INSTITUT FUR ENERGIE- UND UMWELTFORSCHUNG HEIDELBERG GGMBH	0	DE	1	€ 334,062.50
2011	TORRESOL ENERGY O&M SL	0	ES	3	€ 333,672.90
4778	AMAPEX ENVIRONEMENT SLU	0	ES	1	€ 332,937.49
4004	CICERO SENTER FOR KLIMAFORSKNING	0	NO	1	€ 332,825.00
4747	INSTITUTO DE SOLDADURA E QUALIDADE	0	PT	1	€ 332,750.00
3081	LEA GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 331,336.68
3471	SOLAR CENTURY HOLDINGS LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 331,222.50
3518	NAMLAB GGMBH	0	DE	1	€ 330,571.06
1908	LANDESVERBAND THURINGEN DER DEUTSCHEN GESELLSCHAFT FUR SONNENENERGIE E.V.	0	DE	1	€ 330,281.00
2590	AMS SENSORS UK LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 330,233.00
3699	INKRON OY	0	FI	1	€ 330,093.75
4407	BLUE SKY RENEWABLE ENERGY (PTY) LTD	0	ZA	1	€ 329,949.38
1899	RATIOTHERM HEIZUNG + SOLARTECHNIK GMBH & CO. KG	0	DE	2	€ 329,637.50
3659	SNC JEAN LARNAUDIE	0	FR	1	€ 329,496.45
2260	TURKISH SOCIETY OF HVAC AND SANITARY ENGINEERS	0	TR	1	€ 329,204.00
1941	BUILDAIR INGENIERIA Y ARQUITECTURA SA	0	ES	1	€ 329,000.00
4789	ELKON ELEKTRIK SANAYI VE TICARET ANONIM SIRKETI	0	TR	1	€ 328,860.00
2667	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI VERONA	0	IT	1	€ 328,770.00
4746	CREATIVE NANO PC	0	EL	1	€ 327,875.00
2851	INNOVAZIONE AUTOMOTIVE E METALMECCANICA SCARL	0	IT	1	€ 327,821.00
4426	ERION COMPLIANCE ORGANIZATION SCARL	0	IT	1	€ 327,500.00
2605	SPGPRINTS BV	0	NL	1	€ 327,143.00
2063	BODEC PROCESS TECHNOLOGY BV	0	NL	1	€ 326,480.00
1009	EUROPEAN MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY	0	FR	2	€ 326,101.50
3752	SISTEMATICA SPA	0	IT	1	€ 325,937.50
2000	ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SYSTEMS SARL	0	TN	1	€ 325,200.00
3574	AIXTRON LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 325,000.00
4348	SIEC BADAWCZA LUKASIEWICZ – POZNANSKI INSTYTUT TECHNOLOGICZNY	0	PL	1	€ 324,397.50
4693	L.P.E. SPA	0	IT	1	€ 324,247.00
4184	DEVOLO AG	0	DE	1	€ 324,045.00
2857	CONTINENTAL AUTOMOTIVE GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 323,579.00
2952	ENFUCELL OY	0	FI	1	€ 322,400.00
3079	THERMODYNA MASCHINEN UND ANLAGEN GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 322,125.89
2939	SOLIBRO HI-TECH GMBH	0	DE	2	€ 321,989.54
2162	INNOWATTECH LTD	0	IL	1	€ 321,279.00
3593	SOCIETE INDUSTRIELLE DE SONCEBOZ SA	0	CH	2	€ 321,125.00
1815	FREEPOWER LTD	0	UK	1	€ 320,777.00
2400	AVANZARE INNOVACION TECNOLOGICA SL	0	ES	2	€ 320,729.13
3335	ALLEIMA TUBE AB	0	SE	1	€ 320,613.13
3253	AJUNTAMENT DE LLOSETA	0	ES	1	€ 320,313.00
2975	THE UNIVERSITY COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN	0	UK	1	€ 320,002.00
4755	CENTRO DI RICERCHE EUROPEO DI TECNOLOGIE DESIGN E MATERIALI	0	IT	1	€ 320,000.00
4859	UBIMET GMBH	0	DE, AT	1	€ 319,738.13
3984	P.V. NANO CELL LTD	0	IL	1	€ 318,769.50
2373	DAETWYLER GRAPHICS AG	0	CH	1	€ 318,600.00
2871	KAVALIERGLASS,A.S.	0	CZ	1	€ 318,337.40
2923	ROWO COATING GESELLSCHAFT FUR BESCHICHTUNG MBH	0	DE	1	€ 318,070.00
3163	INTERNATIONAL PHOTOVOLTAIC EQUIPMENT ASSOCIATION EV	0	DE	2	€ 315,625.00
2801	SOUTHERN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY	0	RU	1	€ 315,500.00
4449	PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL PRODUCTS LTD	0	UK	1	€ 315,000.00
2842	UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND, DUBLIN	0	IE	1	€ 314,800.00
3987	POLAR ELECTRO OY	0	FI	1	€ 314,790.00
2670	LPKF LASER & ELECTRONICS SE	0	DE	2	€ 314,760.00
2445	MALTHE WINJE AUTOMASJON AS	0	NO	1	€ 314,714.00
2887	AZELIO AB	0	SE	1	€ 314,400.00
4754	ASOCIACION DE EMPRESAS TECNOLOGICAS INNOVALIA	0	ES	1	€ 314,375.00
1998	ZUCCATO ENERGIA SRL	0	IT	1	€ 314,150.00
3634	HASKOLI ISLANDS	0	IS	1	€ 313,750.00
2156	BMT ARGOSS BV	0	NL	1	€ 313,387.50
2897	HUN-REN SZEGEDI BIOLOGIAI KUTATOKOZPONT	0	HU	2	€ 313,350.88
3600	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI UDINE	0	IT	1	€ 312,558.75
2646	SOLAR VALLEY GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 312,493.09
4060	ARCELORMITTAL	3	ES, RO, BE	2	€ 311,964.50
2628	PV CYCLE	0	BE	2	€ 311,750.00
4386	HELIOSLITE SAS	0	FR	1	€ 311,500.00
2159	TRL LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 310,551.00
3350	ASOCIACION DE INVESTIGACION PARA LA MEJORA DEL CULTIVO DE LA REMOLACHA AZUCARERA	0	ES	1	€ 310,046.25
3336	WALTER TOSTO SPA	0	IT	1	€ 310,000.25
2794	SMARTWATT – ENERGY SERVICES SA	0	PT	1	€ 309,420.00
4678	ATLANTIS SYMVOULEFTIKI ANONYMI ETAIREIA ATLANTIS CONSULTING SA	0	EL	1	€ 309,375.00
4336	PAUWELS TRANSFORMERS	0	BE	1	€ 308,875.00
4915	ORELIS ENVIRONNEMENT SAS	0	FR	1	€ 308,875.00
1947	DRAXIS ENVIRONMENTAL SA	0	EL	1	€ 308,800.00
2314	BUHLER AG	0	CH	1	€ 308,720.00
1986	SVERIGES METEOROLOGISKA OCH HYDROLOGISKA INSTITUT	0	SE	1	€ 308,487.24
3306	GEOCAD H2V SOCIEDAD LIMITADA	0	ES	1	€ 308,280.78
3105	TUV RHEINLAND ENERGY GMBH	0	DE	2	€ 307,672.71
4664	CSP-BOOST	0	FR	1	€ 306,740.00
2060	ONDEO INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS BV	0	NL	1	€ 306,500.00
3295	DUTCH RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TRANSITIONS BV	0	NL	1	€ 306,375.00
4762	ASCA GMBH & CO KG	0	DE	3	€ 306,250.00
4115	HPX POLYMERS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 305,812.00
3709	DYCKERHOFF GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 305,765.00
3478	SOLAR MONKEY	0	NL	1	€ 305,200.00
2918	EXEGER SWEDEN AB	0	SE	1	€ 304,760.00
2407	PROFORM IPARI ÉS KERESKEDELMI KFT.	0	HU	1	€ 304,404.44
3748	FOREST OF DEAN DISTRICT COUNCIL	0	UK	1	€ 304,375.00
4114	BARCELONA SUPERCOMPUTING CENTER CENTRO NACIONAL DE SUPERCOMPUTACION	0	ES	1	€ 304,022.50
3291	CLIENTEARTH	0	UK	1	€ 303,875.00
4119	PEMU MUANYAGIPARI ZARTKORUEN MUKODORESZVENYTARSASAG	0	HU	1	€ 303,240.00
4933	FEN RESEARCH GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 302,750.00
4146	MAS AE PROIGMENES TECHNOLOGIES ENERGEIAS KAI ISCHYOS	0	EL	1	€ 302,750.00
4355	RENEWABLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS FOR THE MEDITERRANEAN AND AFRICA	0	IT	1	€ 302,712.50
2976	PREFABRICADOS DE HORMIGÓN HERMO S.L.	0	ES	1	€ 302,624.80
4581	GREEN AFRICA YOUTH ORGANIZATION	0	GH	1	€ 302,582.00
4118	LAJOVIC TUBA EMBALAZA DOO	0	SI	1	€ 302,400.00
169	UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA	0	ES	9	€ 302,280.00
4748	INTERPLAST ANONYMI ETAIRIA – SYSTIMATA SOLINOSEON YDREYSIS – THERMANSIS – APOHETEYSIS	0	EL	1	€ 302,000.00
4273	UNIVERSITE DE TECHNOLOGIE DE TROYES	0	FR	1	€ 301,875.00
2433	RENT-A-SCIENTIST GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 301,800.00
2614	NT-MDT EUROPE BV	0	NL	1	€ 301,794.00
4832	SYDDANSK UNIVERSITET	0	DK	1	€ 301,788.00
4499	N-INK AB	0	SE	1	€ 301,675.00
3678	INNOVATIVE ENERGY AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES LTD	0	BG	1	€ 301,375.00
841	UNIVERSITAET BREMEN	0	DE	4	€ 301,102.00
2490	PLASTICOS ALAI SA	0	ES	1	€ 300,997.45
4191	NXP SEMICONDUCTORS GERMANY GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 300,925.63
4283	VITA INTERNATIONAL SRL	0	IT	1	€ 300,908.13
3332	CERTIMAC SOC. CONS. A R. L.	0	IT	1	€ 300,757.51
4596	OXFORD PV GERMANY GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 300,453.00
4325	RED ELECTRICA DE ESPANA S.A.U.	0	ES	1	€ 300,433.00
4898	KVANTERAL	0	BG	1	€ 300,250.00
2032	DKI PLAST A.S	0	DK	1	€ 300,119.00
3990	SORTER SPOLKA JAWNA KONRAD GRZESZCZYK MICHAL ZIOMEK	0	PL	1	€ 300,000.00
4288	FRIEDRICH LOEFFLER INSTITUT – BUNDESFORSCHUNGSINSTITUT FUER TIERGESUNDHEIT	0	DE	1	€ 300,000.00
4522	OY VAASAN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU – VASAYRKESHOGSKOLA AB	0	FI	1	€ 299,750.00
4676	TEMICON GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 299,675.00
4018	ODIT-E	0	FR	1	€ 299,381.25
2585	UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN	0	US	2	€ 299,220.00
2951	EXODUS ANONYMOS ETAIREIA PLIROFORIKIS	0	EL	1	€ 299,167.00
3609	FULGOR MONOPROSOPI ANONYMI ETERIA ELLINIKI VIOMIXANIA KALODION	0	EL	1	€ 298,593.75
4959	INSTITUT SUPERIEUR DE L’AERONAUTIQUE ET DE L’ESPACE	0	FR	1	€ 298,385.00
4411	ARMENGOL & ROS CONSULTORS I ASSOCIATS SLP	0	ES	1	€ 297,675.00
3741	ADEVICE SOLUTIONS S.L.	0	ES	1	€ 297,625.20
4108	FENIKS CLEANING & SAFETY SOCIEDAD LIMITADA	0	ES	1	€ 296,463.13
2127	GORENJE GOSPODINJSKI APARATI DOO	0	SI	1	€ 296,100.00
2071	INOXPA SA	0	ES	1	€ 295,938.00
4868	ALEO SOLAR GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 295,925.00
4731	VITRONIC DR.-ING. STEIN BILDVERARBEITUNGSSYSTEME GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 294,875.00
3423	INSTITUT FUR SOZIAL OKOLOGISCHE FORSCHUNG GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 293,762.50
4835	KARLSTADS UNIVERSITET	0	SE	1	€ 293,709.60
2753	HOCHSCHULE FUR TECHNIK STUTTGART	0	DE	2	€ 293,625.00
2860	INNOVA ENERGY SOLUTIONS SPA	0	IT	1	€ 293,348.00
2181	C.BOUZIANAS – D.MOSCHOVITIS & CO EE	0	EL	1	€ 293,340.00
2214	AZERBAIJAN NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS	0	AZ	1	€ 293,020.00
3022	UFD DISTRIBUCION ELECTRICIDAD SA	0	ES	1	€ 292,956.00
3916	CHECKWATT AB	0	SE	1	€ 292,600.00
3625	TAEKNISETUR EHF.	0	IS	1	€ 292,460.89
3670	CERA SYSTEM VERSCHLEISSSCHUTZ GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 292,375.00
1886	LABORATORIO EUROPEO DI SPETTROSCOPIE NON LINEARI	0	IT	3	€ 292,107.00
3065	DEUTSCHES TEXTILFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM NORD-WEST EV	0	DE	1	€ 292,040.00
3818	BRIGHTERWAVE OY	0	FI	1	€ 291,875.00
3288	ASOCIACION ECO-UNION	0	ES	1	€ 291,250.00
2208	EURO SUPPORT ADVANCED MATERIALS BV	0	NL	1	€ 291,248.00
4764	BAY ZOLTAN ALKALMAZOTT KUTATASI KOZHASZNU NONPROFIT KFT.	0	HU	1	€ 290,875.00
4846	BROWAR GLUBCZYCE SPOLKA AKCYJNA	0	PL	1	€ 290,835.76
4957	ECCSEL EUROPEAN RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE CONSORTIUM	0	NO	1	€ 290,640.85
4870	EF SOLARE ITALIA SPA	0	IT	1	€ 290,500.00
3453	UNIVERSITEIT MAASTRICHT	0	NL	1	€ 290,226.25
4134	ACEA PINEROLESE INDUSTRIALE SPA	0	IT	1	€ 290,000.00
1996	YASAR UNIVERSITESI	0	TR	1	€ 290,000.00
4472	CLUSTER VIOOIKONOMIAS KAI PERIVALLONTOS DYTIKIS MAKEDONIAS	0	EL	1	€ 288,875.00
1848	MA SRL	0	IT	1	€ 288,538.40
4107	BALTIC CERAMICS SPOLKA AKCYJNA	0	PL	1	€ 288,332.95
2610	PHOTOVOLTECH NV	0	BE	3	€ 288,250.26
2056	FRANCISCO ALBERO SA	0	ES	1	€ 287,750.00
4403	2.-0 LCA CONSULTANTS APS	0	DK	2	€ 287,500.00
2929	HTM REETZ GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 287,210.42
3565	LAPIN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU OY	0	FI	1	€ 287,087.50
3782	BOERENBOND PROJECTEN	0	BE	1	€ 287,000.00
3346	ELAIA 2, INVESTIMENTOS SA	0	PT	1	€ 286,970.25
2600	VDI/VDE INNOVATION + TECHNIK GMBH	0	DE	2	€ 286,843.71
4912	MODELTA BV	0	NL	1	€ 286,579.13
4812	EBLANA PHOTONICS LIMITED	0	IE	1	€ 286,488.00
4545	INSTYTUT BADAN I ROZWOJU MOTORYZACJI BOSMAL SPZOO	0	PL	1	€ 286,250.00
4814	TERRA ENERGY LTD	0	RW	1	€ 285,906.25
2776	CELSIAN GLASS & SOLAR BV*	0	NL	1	€ 285,740.00
3106	ACCELIOS SOLAR GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 284,918.75
1895	AZIENDA METALLI LAMINATI SPA	0	IT	1	€ 284,579.99
2758	CSM INSTRUMENTS	0	CH	1	€ 284,109.00
4620	POLIS	0	BE	1	€ 283,431.25
4810	ECOLE CENTRALE DE MARSEILLE EGIM	0	FR	1	€ 282,693.60
4050	BERGAMO TECNOLOGIE SPZOO	0	PL	1	€ 282,625.00
4640	BLUE SYNERGY SL	0	ES	1	€ 282,500.00
4279	TALLERES ZITRON SA	0	ES	1	€ 282,483.25
2733	PRYSMIAN	0	IT	1	€ 282,466.00
4788	EAS BATTERIES GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 282,275.00
4780	BLUENAV SAS	0	FR	1	€ 281,818.25
4735	ROARTIS BVBA	0	BE	1	€ 281,750.00
2757	TECNOLOGIA DE VACIO SLU	0	ES	1	€ 281,311.62
4685	UCC ACADEMY DESIGNATED ACTIVITY COMPANY	0	IE	1	€ 280,485.00
1894	SOLARUS SUNPOWER SWEDEN AB	0	SE	1	€ 280,480.94
2268	RENEWABLE ENERGY ASSOCIATION LBG	0	UK	1	€ 280,427.00
3292	LEUPHANA UNIVERSITAT LUNEBURG	0	DE	1	€ 280,075.00
3911	DYCOTEC MATERIALS LTD	0	UK	2	€ 280,061.25
3877	BIA KUNSTSTOFF- UND GALVANOTECHNIK GESCHAFTSFUHRUNGS- GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 280,000.00
4637	COOLING PHOTONICS SL	0	ES	1	€ 279,972.50
2486	ENERGIAS RENOVABLES APLICADAS, S.L.	0	ES	1	€ 279,926.85
3903	GIVAUDAN SUISSE SA	0	CH	1	€ 279,747.13
4454	TURKIYE SISE VE CAM FABRIKALARI AS	0	TR	1	€ 279,387.50
3558	SSH COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY OYJ	0	FI	1	€ 278,685.00
3399	ISOTROL SA	0	ES	2	€ 278,455.50
2144	ULTRAAQUA AS	0	DK	1	€ 278,080.00
2802	ARESCOSMO S.P.A.	0	IT	1	€ 278,000.00
2950	SMARTEX SRL	0	IT	1	€ 278,000.00
4164	IOLITEC IONIC LIQUIDS TECHNOLOGIES GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 277,540.00
3703	KVAERNER AS	0	NO	1	€ 277,500.00
2203	KAGAKU ANALYS AB	0	SE	1	€ 277,364.00
2474	IMOS GUBELA GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 277,125.00
2800	THE UNIVERSITY OF HERTFORDSHIRE HIGHER EDUCATION CORPORATION	0	UK	1	€ 277,000.00
3712	SMART COM DOO INFORMACIJSKI IN KOMUNIKACIJSKI SISTEMI	0	SI	1	€ 276,937.50
4734	DUFLEX BV	0	NL	1	€ 276,885.00
2575	UNIVERSITAET FUER BODENKULTUR WIEN	0	AT	1	€ 276,778.00
3577	ASOCIACION DE EMPRESAS DE ENERGIAS RENOVABLES – APPA	0	ES	1	€ 276,750.00
3290	INSTITUT FUR OKOLOGISCHE WIRTSCHAFTSFORSCHUNG GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 276,625.00
4768	HESPUL ASSOCIATION	0	FR	1	€ 276,562.50
2437	INFOTECH AG	0	CH	1	€ 276,480.00
2738	LABORATOIRE D’EVALUTION DES MATERIELS IMPLANTABLES SA	0	FR	1	€ 275,380.00
2276	MANAGESS ENERGY CANARIAS SLU	0	ES	1	€ 275,125.45
3950	SCANSENS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 275,016.25
3952	GRAPHENEA SEMICONDUCTOR SL	0	ES	1	€ 275,000.00
4571	HORMEKU MARK KWASI	0	GH	1	€ 274,750.00
3677	GESTAMP NAVARRA SA	0	ES	1	€ 274,625.00
3473	ENDURANCE SOLAR SOLUTIONS BV	0	NL	1	€ 274,443.75
2349	AIRBUS DEFENCE AND SPACE SAS	0	FR	2	€ 274,188.75
3548	RIGA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY	0	LV	2	€ 274,008.75
4838	FLEXOO GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 273,965.57
4319	PV2+ GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 273,875.00
2136	KINGSTON UNIVERSITY HIGHER EDUCATION CORPORATION	0	UK	1	€ 273,818.60
2958	MORPHOTONICS BV	0	NL	1	€ 273,112.50
4128	SECIL-COMPANHIA GERAL DE CAL E CIMENTO, SA	0	PT	1	€ 273,056.88
2799	ENGYS LTD	0	UK	1	€ 272,750.80
2980	TIOXIDE EUROPE LTD	0	UK	1	€ 272,500.00
4953	EPL TECHNOLOGY FRONTIERS LIMITED	0	CY	1	€ 271,875.00
2364	BIOAGE SRL	0	IT	1	€ 271,842.00
2344	FLEXINK	0	UK	1	€ 271,374.40
3807	PROTARGET AG	0	DE	1	€ 270,943.75
4520	PRINTED ELECTRONIC DEVICES OF THINGS IKE PRIVATE CAPITAL COMPANY	0	EL	1	€ 270,750.00
4199	NOTUS FAN ENGINEERING	0	ZA	1	€ 270,675.00
4109	RIOGLASS SOLAR SCH, SOCIEDAD LIMITADA	0	ES	1	€ 270,610.38
4465	DIPUTACION DE AVILA	0	ES	1	€ 270,475.00
3618	CORAL PIRAEUS EPISKEVES PLOION IKE	0	EL	1	€ 270,200.00
2237	CONSORZIO INTERUNIVERSITARIO PERLO SVILUPPO DEI SISTEMI A GRANDE INTERFASE	0	IT	2	€ 270,000.00
2562	UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY	0	JP	1	€ 269,552.00
4124	SIBO G. D.O.O.	0	SI	1	€ 269,150.00
4851	PRAGMA -IOT AE	0	EL	1	€ 268,971.43
4623	IESTA – INSTITUT FUR INNOVATIVE ENERGIE -STOFFAUSTAUSCHSYSTEME	0	AT	1	€ 268,858.75
3606	ETRA INVESTIGACION Y DESARROLLO SA	0	ES	1	€ 268,437.50
4031	STIMA SAS	0	FR	1	€ 268,187.50
3481	RAPTECH SRL	0	IT	1	€ 267,750.00
4765	BORALEX	0	FR	1	€ 266,875.00
4774	ATHINAIIKI ZYTHOPIIA ANONYMOS ETAIRIA	0	EL	1	€ 266,875.00
3791	MICROFLUIDIC CHIPSHOP GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 266,250.00
1916	SVENSKA SOLENERGIFORENINGEN SEAS I	0	SE	1	€ 265,977.00
4848	GRADYENT B.V.	0	NL	1	€ 265,678.22
4613	HIWITRONICS: VEREIN ZUR PRINZIPIELLEN UNTERSUCHUNG VON HI-FIDELITY WIRELESS ELEKTRONIK-LÖSUNGEN	0	AT	1	€ 265,297.50
2807	CENTER FOR TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH ANDINNOVATION (CETRI) LTD	0	CY	2	€ 264,950.00
3092	OBSERVATOIRE ENERGIE RENOUVELABLES	0	FR	1	€ 264,588.75
2632	DISASOLAR SAS	0	FR	2	€ 264,517.68
2390	OFFICE NATIONAL DE L’ELECTRICITÉ	0	MA	2	€ 264,222.00
2532	KITE INNOVATION (EUROPE) LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 264,120.00
2336	ASOCIACION NACIONAL DE FABRICANTES DE BIENES DE EQUIPO	0	ES	1	€ 263,827.00
4241	HOGSKULEN PA VESTLANDET	0	NO	1	€ 263,638.80
4773	INNOVATION IN RESEARCH & ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS	0	BE	1	€ 262,937.50
3756	ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE	0	FR	1	€ 262,875.60
4171	ELVESYS	0	FR	1	€ 262,875.60
2804	EDL S.A.	0	UY	1	€ 262,750.00
3689	STEULER SOLAR TECHNOLOGY AS	0	NO	1	€ 262,500.00
3201	SCUOLA INTERNAZIONALE SUPERIORE DI STUDI AVANZATI DI TRIESTE	0	IT	1	€ 262,269.00
3326	ASOCIACION ESPANOLA DE NORMALIZACION	0	ES	3	€ 261,875.00
4648	EURA AG	0	DE	1	€ 261,875.00
3941	CADE SOLUCIONES DE INGENIERIA SOCIEDAD LIMITADA	0	ES	1	€ 261,660.00
2301	RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEY	0	US	1	€ 261,613.00
4568	FORESTRY COMMISSION	0	GH	1	€ 261,250.00
4097	INSTITUTUL DE FIZICA APLICATA	0	MD	1	€ 261,180.00
2394	ENERGIE COMMUNE	0	BE	1	€ 260,960.00
2953	DATA AND CONTROL SYSTEMS ETAIREIA PERIORISMENIS EFTINIS SISTIMATA KAIMELETES PLIROFORIKIS AFTOMATISMOY-DIAXIRISI ERGON	0	EL	1	€ 260,880.00
2200	BOUKJE.COM CONSULTING BV	0	NL	2	€ 260,748.25
2273	FEDERACIÓN PROVINCIAL DE EMPRESARIOS DEL METAL Y NUEVAS TECNOLOGÍAS DE SANTA CRUZ DE TENERIFE ASOCIATION	0	ES	1	€ 260,505.50
3233	ATLANTIC TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY	0	IE	1	€ 259,937.50
2823	PANHELLENIC CONFEDERATION OF UNIONS OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES SOMATEIO	0	EL	1	€ 259,811.13
4831	CENTRAL EUROPEAN RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE CONSORTIUM EUROPEAN RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE CONSORTIUM	0	IT	1	€ 259,437.60
4059	GALAKTOKOMIKA MANDREKAS ANONYMI ETAIREIA	0	EL	2	€ 259,437.50
3778	HYET HYDROGEN BV	0	NL	1	€ 259,166.25
4300	ATHYGLI EHF	0	IS	1	€ 259,012.50
2061	COOLREC BV	0	NL	1	€ 259,000.00
3162	KRAJOWA AGENCJA POSZANOWANIA ENERGII SPOLKA AKCYJNA	0	PL	2	€ 258,756.25
3749	CENTRE FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY	0	UK	1	€ 258,750.00
2165	NETIVEI ISRAEL – NATIONAL TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE COMPANY LTD	0	IL	1	€ 258,528.00
3878	STUDIO FIESCHI & SOCI SRL	0	IT	1	€ 258,125.00
4173	DR. REDDY’S LABORATORIES (EU) LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 258,105.22
3762	SOCIETÀ METROPOLITANA ACQUE TORINO S.P.A.	0	IT	1	€ 258,061.32
3409	ENDEF ENGINEERING SL	0	ES	2	€ 257,850.00
4055	PILKINGTON NEDERLAND BV	0	NL	1	€ 257,734.18
4672	SOLARFOIL BV	0	NL	1	€ 257,500.00
2332	NISSAN INTERNATIONAL SA	0	CH	1	€ 257,425.00
3433	EUROPEAN RENEWABLE ENERGIES FEDERATION-FEDERATION EUROPEENNE DES ENERGIES RENOUVELABLES	0	BE	1	€ 257,193.75
2236	TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET ILMENAU	0	DE	1	€ 255,453.00
4203	STEINBEIS 2I GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 255,218.75
1731	STEINBEIS INNOVATION GGMBH	0	DE	5	€ 254,960.00
3029	VELA SOLARIS AG	0	CH	1	€ 254,886.95
3050	STUDIO ITINERANTE ARQUITECTURA SL	0	ES	2	€ 254,803.50
2448	INDUSTRIAL ABWICKLUNGSGESELLSCHAFT MBH	0	DE	2	€ 254,743.00
2068	BIOZOON GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 254,620.00
4165	LAURENTIA TECHNOLOGIES SLL	0	ES	1	€ 254,375.00
3421	INDUSTRIELACK AG	0	CH	1	€ 254,312.50
2576	REMADE SOUTH EAST LTD.	0	UK	1	€ 254,240.00
2688	UNIVERSITE CADI AYYAD	0	MA	3	€ 253,529.00
2945	HELIANTHOS BV	0	NL	1	€ 252,850.00
2257	TECNOVE FIBERGLASS S.L.	0	ES	1	€ 252,452.50
2451	NXP SEMICONDUCTORS UK LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 252,000.00
4531	WORLDSENSING SL	0	ES	2	€ 251,971.20
4806	MAXLINEAR HISPANIA SL	0	ES	1	€ 251,971.20
3160	THE ENERGY SAVING TRUST LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 251,713.75
4330	ASM TERNI SPA	0	IT	1	€ 251,291.25
2052	OPTOELECTRONICA – 2001 SA	0	RO	1	€ 251,250.00
4911	RAUSCHERT KLOSTER VEILSDORF GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 250,862.50
3679	GBA ZABALA CONSEIL EN INNOVATION SA	0	FR	2	€ 250,625.00
4468	SMART FARM SENSING B.V	0	NL	1	€ 250,425.00
476	PRICER AB	0	SE	3	€ 250,310.00
4008	ECORYS ESPANA SL	0	ES	1	€ 250,300.00
4763	LATVIJAS TEHNOLOGISKAIS CENTRS NODIBINAJUMS	0	LV	1	€ 250,262.50
2161	SIEMENS PLC	0	UK	1	€ 250,176.00
3631	ENOGIA	0	FR	1	€ 250,000.00
3365	REINER LEMOINE INSTITUT GGMBH	0	DE	1	€ 250,000.00
3256	FEDERATION EUROPEENNE DES AGENCES ET DES REGIONS POUR L’ENERGIE ET L’ENVIRONNEMENT	0	BE	1	€ 250,000.00
4936	ANONYMI ETAIREIA TSIMENTON TITAN	0	EL	1	€ 250,000.00
4260	FUNDACION ESPANOLA PARA LA CIENCIAY LA TECNOLOGIA, F.S.P., FECYT	0	ES	1	€ 250,000.00
3098	ULUSLARARASI GUNES ENERJISI TOPLULUGU TURKIYE BOLUMU DERNEGI	0	TR	2	€ 249,935.00
4865	HOCHSCHULE FÜR ANGEWANDTE WISSENSCHAFTEN LANDSHUT	0	DE	1	€ 249,885.00
4404	INSTITUT INTERNATIONAL DU FROID	0	FR	1	€ 249,867.50
2681	SOLVAY SPECIALTY POLYMERS ITALY SPA	0	IT	1	€ 249,858.00
4069	UNIVERSITY OF PIRAEUS RESEARCH CENTER	0	EL	1	€ 249,762.50
4779	LIETUVOS ZUVININKYSTES PRODUKTU GAMINTOJU ASOCIACIJA	0	LT	1	€ 249,625.00
4896	THERMAL AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING CENTER LLC	0	UA	1	€ 249,607.50
2652	TECHNIKUM WIEN GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 249,470.50
4028	THE KENYA POWER AND LIGHTING COMPANY PLC	0	KE	1	€ 249,375.00
4677	FILBAU S.R.O.	0	SK	1	€ 249,341.25
3883	BASF SE	0	DE	2	€ 249,216.48
2677	CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY	0	TH	1	€ 249,080.00
2057	COGVIS SOFTWARE UND CONSULTING GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 249,000.00
3020	TELVENT ENERGIA SA	0	ES	1	€ 248,760.00
4742	AFOI KOUTSANTONI EE	0	EL	1	€ 248,750.00
2430	COMSA CORPORACION DE INFRAESTRUCTURAS SL	0	ES	1	€ 248,231.00
4722	LPKF SOLARQUIPMENT GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 248,062.50
2320	EVONIK INDUSTRIES AG	0	DE	3	€ 247,192.22
2031	KALEIDO TECHNOLOGY APS	0	DK	1	€ 246,189.00
4819	SOLEKTRA RWANDA LIMITED	0	RW	1	€ 245,245.00
3373	UNITED KINGDOM RESEARCH AND INNOVATION	0	UK	2	€ 245,061.63
4565	DENG LIMITED	0	GH	1	€ 245,000.00
3596	ASSOCIATION COMPAZ	0	CH	2	€ 244,750.00
3988	FLEXENABLE LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 244,621.13
2812	SOCRATE INDUSTRIE	0	FR	1	€ 244,442.11
4535	BITTNER UMWELTTECHNIK GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 244,125.00
2511	AERIAL	0	FR	1	€ 243,600.00
2961	FAP FORSCHUNGS UND APPLIKATIONSLABOR PLASMATECHNIK GMBH DRESDEN	0	DE	1	€ 243,592.50
2905	INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR E CELULAR-IBMC	0	PT	1	€ 243,500.00
2906	HOCHSCHULE MITTWEIDA (FH)	0	DE	1	€ 243,500.00
2908	M2M ENGINEERING SAS DI DIANO MARCELLO MARIA	0	IT	1	€ 243,500.00
1969	INSTITUT FUER MIKROELEKTRONIK STUTTGART	0	DE	1	€ 242,880.00
2839	DAREN LABORATORIES & SCIENTIFIC CONSULTANTS LTD	0	IL	1	€ 242,777.59
2543	MICROCHIP TECHNOLOGY CALDICOT LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 242,696.00
4083	RESCOLL	0	FR	1	€ 242,326.35
1939	NAIZIL SPA	0	IT	1	€ 242,000.00
1940	REGLASS SRL	0	IT	1	€ 242,000.00
3639	ACT SISTEMAS SL	0	ES	3	€ 241,375.00
4480	EMD INTERNATIONAL A/S	0	DK	1	€ 241,250.00
2495	SIMPPLE SLU	0	ES	1	€ 241,193.40
2907	KSD INNOVATIONS GMBH UMWELT- UND VERFAHRENSTECHNIK	0	DE	1	€ 240,749.00
2991	UNIVERSITY OF TUEBINGEN	0	DE	1	€ 240,398.27
1806	CIDADE SOLAR ENERGIAS RENOVAVEIS LDA	0	PT	1	€ 240,389.56
2249	ADVANCED CHEMICAL ETCHING LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 240,314.59
2916	Q-CELLS SE	0	DE	1	€ 240,245.80
4807	CHAROKOPEIO PANEPISTIMIO	0	EL	1	€ 240,098.40
4483	THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE PROMOTION OF COGENERATION VZW	0	BE	1	€ 240,000.00
3972	REBASED SPOLKA Z OGRANICZONA ODPOWIEDZIALNOSCIA	0	PL	1	€ 240,000.00
3422	HOCHSCHULE KARLSRUHE	0	DE	1	€ 239,972.50
2810	PULVERIT SPA	0	IT	1	€ 239,914.08
2977	FUNDACION DE LA COMUNITAT VALENCIANA PARA LA PROMOCION ESTRATEGICA EL DESARROLLO Y LA INNOVACION URBANA	0	ES	1	€ 239,473.80
4477	FUNDACJA CENTRUM BADAN SOCJOLOGICZNYCH	0	PL	1	€ 239,200.00
4095	OMT SOLUTIONS BV	0	NL	1	€ 239,115.00
4630	SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONS EUROPE SL	0	ES	1	€ 238,972.50
4785	NEXTHORIZON	0	FR	1	€ 238,525.00
3704	SMALLMATEK – SMALL MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES LDA	0	PT	1	€ 238,125.00
4842	EDENCORE TECHNOLOGIES IKE	0	EL	1	€ 237,825.00
4698	DEEP CONCEPT	0	FR	1	€ 237,807.50
2864	COMPOWER AB	0	SE	1	€ 237,806.80
3140	ENISYST GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 237,798.75
3193	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO	0	IT	1	€ 237,768.00
2169	E-DISTRIBUZIONE SPA	0	IT	2	€ 237,480.00
4566	EGACQUEST (PTY) LTD	0	ZA	1	€ 237,125.00
2246	BISOL, RAZVOJ, PROIZVODNJA, INZENIRING IN SVETOVANJE, DOO	0	SI	1	€ 236,646.00
2180	SOLARI DI UDINE S.P.A.	0	IT	1	€ 236,400.00
1904	ÖSTERREICHISCHES FORSCHUNGS- UND PRÜFZENTRUM ARSENAL GES.M.B.H.	0	AT	4	€ 236,291.00
4155	VALLOUREC TUBES FRANCE	0	FR	1	€ 236,249.65
4362	WE!HUB VICTORIA LIMITED	0	KE	2	€ 236,143.75
1823	KAIRONKEM	0	FR	1	€ 236,093.00
3759	KARADENIZ TEKNIK UNIVERSITESI	0	TR	1	€ 235,557.36
4776	BLUETECHTRACKER LIMITED	0	IE	1	€ 235,156.25
2811	HENSON CERAMICS LTD	0	UK	1	€ 234,954.36
2808	PRISMA ILEKTRONIKA ABEE	0	EL	1	€ 234,834.59
3294	CE – ONDERZOEK, ADVIES ENCONSULTANCY VOOR DUURZAAMHEID BV	0	NL	1	€ 234,750.00
2769	SPECIM, SPECTRAL IMAGING OY LTD	0	FI	1	€ 234,545.00
4354	ERDYN CONSULTANTS SARL	0	FR	1	€ 234,125.00
4395	SOCIETE INDUSTRIELLE DE CONSTRUCTION D APPAREILS ET DE MATERIEL ELECTRIQUES	0	FR	1	€ 233,800.00
4193	IQUADRAT INFORMATICA SL	0	ES	1	€ 233,775.00
3975	SIMPLY-X GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 233,750.00
2043	SURCOTEC SA	0	CH	1	€ 233,583.00
2047	CENTRO EUROPEO PER I POLIMERI NANOSTRUTTURATI SCARL	0	IT	1	€ 233,502.00
2850	ING ENEA MATTEI SPA	0	IT	1	€ 232,830.00
1676	PHILIPPS UNIVERSITAET MARBURG	0	DE	2	€ 232,670.00
4614	RENAULT SAS	0	FR	1	€ 232,564.50
4492	VITSOLC TECHNOLOGIES SL	0	ES	1	€ 232,500.00
3693	MALTHA GLASRECYCLAGE BELGIE	0	BE	1	€ 232,032.50
1937	SL RASCH GMBH SPECIAL & LIGHTWEIGHTSTRUCTURES	0	DE	1	€ 232,000.00
2770	ACCURION GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 231,785.00
4202	ECILIMP TERMOSOLAR SL	0	ES	1	€ 231,355.50
3152	HELIOZ GMBH	0	AT	2	€ 231,250.00
3030	SAMPOL INGENIERIA Y OBRAS S.A.	0	ES	1	€ 231,081.62
4393	REIWA SRL	0	IT	1	€ 231,000.00
4102	UAB ENERSTENA	0	LT	1	€ 230,937.50
2571	BIO INTELLIGENCE SERVICE SA	0	FR	1	€ 230,720.00
4201	WATERLEAU GROUP NV	0	BE	1	€ 230,625.00
2475	ACI ECOTEC GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 230,625.00
2957	SINGULUS STANGL SOLAR GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 230,582.00
4752	NOORDWES-UNIVERSITEIT	0	ZA	1	€ 230,000.00
1970	PEPPERPRINT GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 229,800.00
1971	THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK CORPORATION	0	US	1	€ 229,625.00
3063	GRADO ZERO ESPACE SRL	0	IT	1	€ 229,500.00
374	UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES	0	AU	6	€ 229,125.00
2137	IPLON GMBH – THE INFRANET COMPANY	0	DE	1	€ 228,930.00
2264	SERRANO AMOROS	0	ES	1	€ 228,092.00
2270	HANITA COATINGS RCA LTD	0	IL	1	€ 228,067.95
3511	SILTRONIC AG	0	DE	1	€ 227,822.19
3390	G. LIGEROS & SIA OE	0	EL	2	€ 227,362.49
2324	G24 POWER LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 227,002.50
2662	STATE ENTERPRISE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF INSTRUMENT ENGINEERING	0	UA	1	€ 226,555.50
4781	MORSKI INSTYTUT RYBACKI – PANSTWOWY INSTYTUT BADAWCZY	0	PL	1	€ 226,450.00
2392	RENEWABLE ENERGY DYNAMICS TECHNOLOGY LTD	0	IE	1	€ 226,180.00
4798	COMET TRAITEMENTS SA	0	BE	1	€ 226,148.13
4628	E3-MODELLING AE	0	EL	1	€ 225,988.20
2573	CENTRO DE ESTUDOS INFORMACAEO E FORMACAEO PARA O AMBIENTE	0	PT	1	€ 225,800.00
1897	REGULUS SPOL SRO	0	CZ	2	€ 225,570.00
1981	ELEKTRISCHE AUTOMATISIERUNGS- UND ANTRIEBSTECHNIK EAAT GMBH CHEMNITZ	0	DE	1	€ 225,324.00
2426	E-T-A GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 225,149.00
2910	RUDER BOSKOVIC INSTITUTE	0	HR	1	€ 225,000.00
3286	THURINGER MINISTERIUM FUR UMWELT, ENERGIE UND NATURSCHUTZ	0	DE	1	€ 224,743.00
4769	INOTEX SPOL SRO	0	CZ	1	€ 224,269.50
4573	REMOTE SENSING SOLUTIONS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 224,005.00
4186	CENTRE TECNOLOGIC DE TELECOMUNICACIONS DE CATALUNYA	0	ES	1	€ 224,000.00
4037	FREETOWN WASTE TRANSFORMERS(SL) LTD	0	SL	1	€ 224,000.00
2865	MARION TECHNOLOGIES S.A.S.	0	FR	1	€ 223,937.00
4341	IDEA SRL	0	IT	1	€ 223,912.50
1855	UNIVERSITAET REGENSBURG	0	DE	2	€ 223,778.40
4467	TAT GIDA SANAYI ANONIM SIRKETI	0	TR	2	€ 223,643.75
2706	GENES’INK	0	FR	1	€ 223,637.00
4562	S2 AQUA – LABORATORIO COLABORATIVO ASSOCIACAO PARA UMA AQUACULTURA SUSTENTAVEL E INTELIGENTE	0	PT	1	€ 223,541.25
3424	FEDERATIE VAN VERENIGINGEN VOOR VERWARMING EN LUCHTBEHANDELING IN EUROPA REHVA	0	BE	1	€ 222,250.00
3362	UNIVERSIDAD POMPEU FABRA	0	ES	1	€ 222,200.00
2911	RENA GMBH	0	DE	2	€ 221,917.50
2597	THE NOTTINGHAM TRENT UNIVERSITY	0	UK	1	€ 221,606.40
2065	DR. STEPHEN WEBB / RTD SERVICES E U	0	AT	1	€ 221,542.00
2138	KOMIX SRO	0	CZ	1	€ 221,344.00
3598	SCIPROM SARL	0	CH	1	€ 221,250.00
3671	BIOKOL SVERIGE AB	0	SE	1	€ 221,250.00
2829	HELMHOLTZ-ZENTRUM FUR UMWELTFORSCHUNG GMBH – UFZ	0	DE	1	€ 221,230.03
1887	UNIVERSITE LYON 1 CLAUDE BERNARD	0	FR	2	€ 221,100.00
4869	KUBO INNOVATIONS BV	0	NL	1	€ 220,763.00
4466	TAS TEKIN	0	DK	1	€ 220,745.00
3343	OMRON EUROPE BV	0	NL	1	€ 220,706.50
2443	DVIGATEL REGITAL OY	0	EE	2	€ 220,525.00
4802	OUT OF USE	0	BE	1	€ 220,388.00
3710	FUNDACION CIDETEC	0	ES	1	€ 220,000.00
2039	AMBER COMPOSITES LTD	0	UK	1	€ 219,543.00
2020	P.S.P.-PROFESSIONAL SERVICE PARTNERS SA	0	EL	1	€ 219,514.15
2396	SAFC HITECH LIMITED	0	UK	2	€ 219,472.00
2131	ACTIVE SPACE TECHNOLOGIES, ACTIVIDADES AEROESPACIAIS S.A.	0	PT	1	€ 219,110.80
2134	UNIVERSIDADE DE COIMBRA	0	PT	1	€ 219,110.80
4120	LASER CONSULT MUSZAKI-TUDOMANYOS ES GAZDASAGI TANACSADO KORLATOLT FELELOSSEGU TARSASAG	0	HU	2	€ 219,090.00
986	UNIVERSIDAD DE ZARAGOZA	0	ES	2	€ 219,018.75
4032	ASSOCIATION AFRICAINE POUR L ELECTRIFICATION RURALE(CLUB-ER)	0	CI	1	€ 218,725.00
3926	BOOSTHEAT DEUTSCHLAND GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 218,478.97
2955	OM&T BV	0	NL	1	€ 218,378.40
4433	MITSIOLIDIS – MITSOPOULOS – BOZATZIDIS TZIAKAS SA	0	EL	1	€ 218,000.00
4356	INEDIT INNOVACIO SL	0	ES	1	€ 217,997.50
4085	KWS KUNSTSTOFFVERARBEITUNG SCHIESTLGESELLSCHAFT MBH	0	AT	1	€ 217,700.00
3231	AQUASOIL SRL	0	IT	1	€ 217,656.25
2595	SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS (UK) LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 217,317.00
3979	TECNOLOGIA NAVARRA DE NANOPRODUCTOS SL	0	ES	1	€ 217,262.00
4962	HOGSKOLAN I GAVLE	0	SE	1	€ 217,125.00
4813	SOLHYD	0	BE	1	€ 216,868.75
2432	SPECIFIC POLYMERS	0	FR	1	€ 216,520.00
633	CENTRALE RECHERCHE SA	0	FR	3	€ 216,519.00
2586	PSI (PHOTON SYSTEMS INSTRUMENTS), SPOL. SRO	0	CZ	1	€ 216,320.00
4244	CORPORACION ATAMOS TEC	0	CL	1	€ 215,875.00
1116	OXFORD BROOKES UNIVERSITY	0	UK	4	€ 215,798.75
2989	MEDZINARODNE LASEROVE CENTRUM	0	SK	1	€ 215,404.07
2737	INSTYTUT WLOKIEN NATURALNYCH I ROSLIN ZIELARSKICH PANSTWOWY INSTYTUT BADAWCZY	0	PL	1	€ 215,000.00
4329	COMSENSUS, KOMUNIKACIJE IN SENZORIKA, DOO	0	SI	1	€ 214,882.50
2710	KONARKA TECHNOLOGIES GMBH	0	DE	2	€ 214,591.00
3799	NUOVO PIGNONE TECNOLOGIE SRL	0	IT	3	€ 214,514.87
4783	CALCULO Y ESTRUCTURAS SENSADAS SL	0	ES	1	€ 214,388.13
3805	UNIVERSITY OF DERBY	0	UK	1	€ 213,866.25
4192	MIXED MODE GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 213,750.00
2743	EXERGY LTD	0	UK	2	€ 213,716.00
2872	WITZENMANN GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 213,550.00
4125	NORMEC OWS	0	BE	1	€ 213,237.00
4423	9-TECH SRL	0	IT	1	€ 213,062.50
3900	BO DE DEBO S.L.	0	ES	1	€ 213,062.50
3239	UNIVERSITY OF WOLVERHAMPTON	0	UK	1	€ 212,933.76
3352	CAPRARI SPA	0	IT	1	€ 212,548.00
4240	UNIVERSITE DE RENNES	0	FR	2	€ 211,754.88
3283	AUVERGNE-RHONE-ALPES ENERGIE ENVIRONNEMENT	0	FR	1	€ 211,573.50
2013	AUBREN LIMITED	0	IE	1	€ 211,500.00
4027	ASSOCIATION ENERGY GENERATION	0	FR	1	€ 211,312.50
4315	DINEX DEUTSCHLAND GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 210,947.50
3980	BNW-ENERGY	0	NO	1	€ 210,448.00
4761	GREEN DEAL DATASPACE E.V.	0	DE	1	€ 210,000.00
2832	AUTARCON GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 209,978.35
3019	OSTKRAFT HOLDING A/S	0	DK	1	€ 209,857.50
3976	COSYLAB LABORATORIJ ZA KONTROLNE SISTEME DD	0	SI	1	€ 209,510.00
3713	ELEKTRO CELJE D.D.	0	SI	1	€ 209,343.75
2044	EPM TECHNOLOGY LTD	0	UK	1	€ 209,270.00
4516	HOCHSCHULE ANHALT	0	DE	1	€ 209,237.50
4456	ROMANIAN PHOTOVOLTAIC INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION	0	RO	1	€ 208,500.00
2219	HELWAN UNIVERSITY	0	EG	1	€ 208,311.90
1801	DI LUZIO ENGINEERING SRL	0	IT	1	€ 208,299.16
4359	INKOMOKO ENTREPRENEUR DEVELOPMENT LIMITED	0	RW	1	€ 208,290.25
2129	SIGMA ORIONIS SA	0	FR	1	€ 207,900.00
2128	FAGOR ELECTRODOMESTICOS S. COOP.	0	ES	1	€ 207,700.00
4399	CEO2 GREEN SL	0	ES	1	€ 207,552.50
4784	GEMI BOATS SCANDINAVIA AS	0	NO	1	€ 207,550.00
3601	NOGAH PHOTONICS LTD	0	IL	1	€ 207,500.00
2274	BULGARIAN PHOTOVOLTAIC ASSOCIATION	0	BG	1	€ 207,140.25
1944	Q-PLAN INTERNATIONAL ADVISORS PC	0	EL	1	€ 207,000.00
3949	NOVA LTD	0	IL	1	€ 206,937.50
3187	RNAE – ASSOCIACAO DAS AGENCIAS DE ENERGIA E AMBIENTE REDE NACIONAL	0	PT	1	€ 206,875.00
1453	ALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY	0	EG	3	€ 206,816.00
812	AIR LIQUIDE	3	FR	2	€ 206,694.00
4913	CERAMIQUES TECHNIQUES ET INDUSTRIELLES	0	FR	1	€ 206,631.25
2551	POLYTEC PLASTICS EBENSEE GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 206,263.00
2018	APPLIED INSPECTION LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 206,087.47
2286	G. ZARLAS – D. KOUMANAKOS O.E	0	EL	1	€ 205,970.55
2009	ARCHI ILEKTRISMOU KYPROU	0	CY	1	€ 205,651.00
3936	RECYCLAGE ET VALORISATION TECHNIQUE	0	BE	1	€ 205,625.00
3592	3S SWISS SOLAR SOLUTIONS AG	0	CH	2	€ 205,450.00
3999	SWANSEA UNIVERSITY	0	UK	3	€ 205,343.75
4302	DOTCOM SRL	0	IT	1	€ 205,312.50
2347	RTL MATERIALS LTD	0	UK	1	€ 205,000.05
2297	UNIVERSITA DEL SALENTO	0	IT	2	€ 205,000.00
3717	APEVA SE	0	DE	1	€ 205,000.00
1907	SMA SOLAR TECHNOLOGY AG	0	DE	3	€ 204,983.00
4569	PARTNERS IN PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT	0	GH	1	€ 204,375.00
2179	AMEPOX	0	PL	1	€ 203,250.00
3190	UNIVERSITE DE FRIBOURG	0	CH	1	€ 203,149.44
4899	INSTITOUTO ANAPTIXIS EPICHEIRIMATIKOTITAS ASTIKI ETAIREIA	0	EL	1	€ 203,125.00
2163	INSTITUT FRANCAIS DES SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES DES TRANSPORTS, DE L’AMENAGEMENT ET DES RESEAUX	0	FR	1	€ 202,807.00
1314	UNIVERSITAET BERN	0	CH	2	€ 202,791.00
1212	EUROPEAN SOLAR ENGINEERING SA	0	BE	3	€ 202,628.00
4370	CASA S.P.A.	0	IT	1	€ 202,575.63
4867	CENTRO DI SPERIMENTAZIONE LAIMBURG	0	IT	1	€ 202,563.00
2074	LOGISTICON WATER TREATMENT B.V.	0	NL	1	€ 202,352.00
4463	DOOSAN SKODA POWER SRO	0	CZ	1	€ 202,168.75
3809	UNIVERZA V MARIBORU	0	SI	1	€ 201,562.50
4281	MINISTERIO DE TRANSPORTES, MOVILIDAD Y AGENDA URBANA	0	ES	1	€ 201,500.00
2315	ERAMET & COMILOG CHEMICALS SPRL	0	BE	1	€ 201,357.00
2672	ELETTROSYSTEM SRL	0	IT	1	€ 201,300.00
2539	RISE ACREO AB	0	SE	1	€ 200,865.00
4489	R2M SOLUTION	0	FR	2	€ 200,687.50
4658	VARESER 96 SL	0	ES	1	€ 200,125.00
4518	NOVINANO LAB	0	UA	1	€ 200,000.00
4600	EUROPEAN BUILDERS CONFEDERATION	0	BE	1	€ 200,000.00
4210	MEKELLE UNIVERSITY	0	ET	1	€ 200,000.00
3719	AKTSIASELTS ELCOGEN	0	EE	1	€ 199,675.00
4725	MAAN GLUEING TECHNOLOGIES BV	0	NL	1	€ 199,500.00
2838	CIDETE INGENIEROS SOCIEDAD LIMITADA	0	ES	1	€ 199,164.00
4775	ENGITS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 198,625.00
2069	NATURSTOFF-TECHNIK GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 198,480.00
1860	S.O.L.I.D. GESELLSCHAFT FUR SOLARINSTALLATION UND DESIGN MBH	0	AT	4	€ 198,433.28
4939	SAMMLER V. MICHALOPOULOS A.E.V.E.	0	EL	1	€ 198,125.00
1990	OSMO SISTEMI	0	IT	1	€ 197,700.00
2404	CMB COLOREX MASTER BATCHES B.V.	0	NL	1	€ 197,609.02
4488	DEUTSCHES METALLFASERWERK DR. SCHWABBAUER GMBH & CO. KG	0	DE	1	€ 197,500.00
4029	EAST AFRICAN CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY AND EFFICIENCY LTD	0	UG	1	€ 197,500.00
3872	NOKIA SOLUTIONS AND NETWORKS HELLAS SINGLE MEMBER SA	0	EL	1	€ 197,400.00
3526	ARRAELA SL	0	ES	1	€ 197,128.75
3561	SYLVAC SA	0	CH	1	€ 197,104.38
4464	ENGIONIC FEMTO GRATINGS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 196,875.00
3238	BLACK HOLE LAB	0	FR	1	€ 196,707.84
4903	YOUWIND RENEWABLES EHF	0	IS	1	€ 196,674.43
4827	INOBAT AUTO JSA	0	SK	1	€ 196,512.00
4619	VALEO EMBRAYAGES SAS	0	FR	1	€ 196,271.25
4728	MONIER BV	0	NL	1	€ 196,000.00
4767	CARBON	0	FR	1	€ 196,000.00
3237	UNIVERSITATEA DIN BUCURESTI	0	RO	2	€ 195,984.80
4017	SADC CENTRE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY (SACREEE)	0	nan	1	€ 195,625.00
3991	INURU GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 195,500.00
3890	BIOAZUL, SL	0	ES	1	€ 195,493.30
3207	COVENTRY UNIVERSITY	0	UK	1	€ 195,454.80
2879	NUMONYX ITALY SRL	0	IT	1	€ 194,639.00
2956	SOLAYER GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 194,540.00
3263	CONSULTORIA TECNICA NAVAL VALENCIANA SL	0	ES	1	€ 194,250.00
4457	INSTITUTE OF HIGHER EDUCATION KING DANYLO UNIVERSITY	0	UA	1	€ 194,187.50
2974	SAMPAS NANOTEKNOLOJI ARASTIRMA GELISTIRME VE PAZARLAMA LIMITED SIRKETI	0	TR	1	€ 194,100.00
4277	CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS Y EXPERIMENTACION DE OBRAS PUBLICAS	0	ES	1	€ 193,750.00
4787	ENCO SRL	0	IT	1	€ 193,550.00
3522	ECOSOLIFER HETEROJUNCTION KORLATOLTFELELOSSEGU TARSASAG	0	HU	1	€ 193,501.25
3560	INNOSENT GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 193,500.00
4398	KAUMAN SA	0	ES	1	€ 193,166.25
4453	AGENCIA PER A LA COMPETITIVITAT DE LA EMPRESA	0	ES	1	€ 193,125.00
4540	FENIX TNT SRO	0	CZ	1	€ 193,026.92
4551	SORSIDA UTVIKLING AS	0	NO	1	€ 192,500.00
4922	1-TECH SPRL	0	BE	1	€ 192,372.00
2473	MUTAH UNIVERSITY LTD	0	JO	1	€ 192,000.00
4610	GLAVNI GRAD PODGORICA	0	ME	1	€ 191,331.25
3891	VERTECH GROUP	0	FR	2	€ 191,317.01
4667	ENTECH ENERGITEKNIK AB	0	SE	1	€ 191,250.00
2145	KAWAR ENERGY LTD CO LLC	0	JO	1	€ 190,480.00
3715	ENERGIE- UND WASSERVERSORGUNG BONN/RHEIN-SIEG GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 190,356.25
3516	ATTOLIGHT SA	0	CH	1	€ 190,318.50
1850	TORINO E-DISTRICT CONSORZIO	0	IT	2	€ 190,213.80
4801	TREEE SRL	0	IT	1	€ 190,050.00
4070	INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED SUSTAINABILITY STUDIES EV	0	DE	1	€ 190,043.65
3269	HYENERGY CONSULTANCY LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 190,000.00
3260	ENERCY BV	0	NL	1	€ 190,000.00
3928	DIADIKASIA BUSINESS CONSULTING SYMVOULOI EPICHEIRISEON AE	0	EL	1	€ 189,875.00
4961	BELGIUM VOLT	0	BE	1	€ 189,750.00
4228	LEIBNIZ INSTITUT FUER KATALYSE EV	0	DE	1	€ 189,687.36
1942	UNIVERZITET U NOVOM SADU FAKULTET TEHNICKIH NAUKA	0	RS	1	€ 189,500.00
4927	CONSORCI CENTRE DE CIENCIA I TECNOLOGIA FORESTAL DE CATALUNYA	0	ES	1	€ 189,375.00
2265	EUROFILMS EXTRUSION LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 189,300.82
2545	JACQUES GIORDANO INDUSTRIES SA	0	FR	1	€ 189,207.00
2225	NILE VALLEY ENGINEERING COMPANY PARTNERSHIP	0	EG	1	€ 188,688.00
3327	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI SALERNO	0	IT	2	€ 188,590.08
4861	ELLIOT CLOUD SL	0	ES	1	€ 187,906.25
1912	SOLARTECH LTD	0	UK	1	€ 187,697.00
4803	INFLIGHTS BV	0	BE	1	€ 187,665.63
2583	INSTITUT EUROPEEN D ADMINISTRATION DES AFFAIRES	0	FR	1	€ 187,292.00
2107	NARODOWE CENTRUM BADAN I ROZWOJU	0	PL	4	€ 187,181.25
1950	RHEINISCHES INSTITUT FUER UMWELT-FORSCHUNG AN DER UNIVERSITAET ZU KOELN E.V.	0	DE	2	€ 186,520.00
2464	SEMIKRON DANFOSS ELEKTRONIK GMBH & CO. KG	0	DE	1	€ 185,592.00
4360	EKOGLOBE RESOURCES LIMITED	0	TZ	1	€ 184,712.50
4001	BECKER BUTTNER HELD PARTNERSCHAFT	0	DE	1	€ 184,593.75
2148	UMGENI WATER	0	ZA	1	€ 184,480.00
3564	VALMET TECHNOLOGIES OY	0	FI	1	€ 184,444.75
4627	FOTOSINTETICA & MICROBIOLOGICA SRL	0	IT	1	€ 184,250.00
4391	STATKRAFT AS	0	NO	1	€ 184,093.00
3303	VOTTELER LACKFABRIK GMBH CO KG	0	DE	1	€ 184,070.25
2803	LOGISTICNETWORK CONSULTANTS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 183,960.00
4820	CTEN-COMMUNITY TECHNOLOGY EMPOWERMENT NETWORK	0	UG	1	€ 183,900.00
4506	SINGULUS TECHNOLOGIES AG	0	DE	1	€ 183,671.25
3947	SOL INSTRUMENTS LTD	0	BY	1	€ 183,125.00
4684	BARDS ACOUSTIC SCIENCE LABS	0	IE	1	€ 183,122.50
3711	BOCHOLTER ENERGIE UND WASSERVERSORGUNG GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 182,831.47
2035	PLASDAN MAQUINAS PARA PLASTICOS LIMITADA	0	PT	1	€ 182,558.00
3035	ROLIC TECHNOLOGIES AG	0	CH	1	€ 182,100.00
3793	ENERPLAN	0	FR	1	€ 181,850.00
2893	ERBICOL SA	0	CH	1	€ 181,828.00
3014	BAYERISCHE FORSCHUNGSALLIANZ BAVARIAN RESEARCH ALLIANCE GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 181,664.00
2979	DANSK AUTO-VAERN AS	0	DK	1	€ 181,500.80
2943	TDL SENSORS LTD	0	UK	1	€ 181,500.00
2932	FMP TECHNOLOGY GMBH FLUID MEASUREMENTS & PROJECTS	0	DE	1	€ 181,465.71
2504	SIEC BADAWCZA LUKASIEWICZ – INSTYTUT TELE- I RADIOTECHNICZNY	0	PL	1	€ 181,360.00
4262	I-TES SRL	0	IT	1	€ 181,250.00
4261	PELAGIA AS	0	NO	1	€ 181,250.00
4220	UNIVERSIDAD DE SALAMANCA	0	ES	1	€ 181,152.96
3886	ISITEC GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 181,125.00
1945	INSTYTUT UPRAWY NAWOZENIA I GLEBOZNAWSTWA, PANSTWOWY INSTYTUT BADAWCZY	0	PL	1	€ 181,100.00
2540	CELLASYS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 180,939.00
4708	DEPRO CONTROL GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 180,920.00
2821	UNAPROL – CONSORZIO OLIVICOLO ITALIANO SOCIETA’ CONSORTILE PER AZIONI	0	IT	1	€ 180,578.94
3661	BODEGAS RODA SA	0	ES	1	€ 180,267.50
4555	SIGMA ENERGIJA PROIZVODNJA ENERGIJE DOO	0	SI	1	€ 180,000.00
4198	ENEXIO MANAGEMENT GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 179,650.73
2781	COMPEL ELECTRONICS S.P.A.	0	IT	1	€ 179,358.00
4205	KELVION HOLDING GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 178,875.00
3509	FOR OPTIMAL RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS SL	0	ES	1	€ 178,575.00
3341	VIB VZW	0	BE	1	€ 178,320.00
1925	INVEN ENGINEERING GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 178,155.00
2772	SOLYDERA SPA	0	IT	1	€ 177,700.00
4517	TARAS SHEVCHENKO NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF KYIV	0	UA	1	€ 177,500.00
2852	IDIADA AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY SA	0	ES	1	€ 177,000.00
2535	MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES AND IRRIGATION	0	EG	1	€ 176,400.00
4005	ECOAZIONI SNC ARCHITETTI BASTIANI M. E VENERUCCI V.	0	IT	1	€ 176,250.00
2620	FERRO GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 175,800.00
4397	AITOWN S.R.L.	0	IT	1	€ 175,775.00
4110	BERTIN TECHNOLOGIES SAS	0	FR	1	€ 175,525.01
3948	TIBERLAB S.R.L.	0	IT	1	€ 175,050.00
3500	PRODUCTION TRADE AND SUPPORT OF MACHINABLE PRODUCTS OF SOFTWARE AND INFORMATICS – RELATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AE	0	EL	2	€ 175,024.55
1803	DI NATURA LTD	0	MT	1	€ 174,934.66
4394	SOLARPACK CORPORACION TECNOLOGICA SOCIEDAD ANONIMA	0	ES	1	€ 174,912.50
1880	UNIVERSITAT DES SAARLANDES	0	DE	1	€ 174,475.20
1802	TANSUG MAKINA SANAYI VE TICARET LTD. ŞTI.	0	TR	1	€ 174,371.27
2634	SOLON AG FUER SOLARTECHNIK	0	DE	1	€ 174,125.00
1816	PEWA DRUSTVO ZA UNUTARNJU I VANJSKU TRGOVINU NA VELIKO I MALO, S OGRANICENOM ODGOVORNOSCU	0	HR	1	€ 173,895.00
3563	PAC TECH – PACKAGING TECHNOLOGIES GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 173,374.75
3750	TOPVIEW SRL	0	IT	1	€ 173,250.00
3069	GOMSPACE SWEDEN AB	0	SE	1	€ 173,016.00
3935	ASOCIATION ESPANOLA PARA LA INTERNACIONALIZACION Y LA INNOVACION DE LAS EMPRESAS SOLARES – SOLARTYS	0	ES	2	€ 172,975.00
2611	PHOTOWATT INTERNATIONAL SAS	0	FR	2	€ 172,926.00
4046	AKZO NOBEL DECORATIVE COATINGS BV	0	NL	1	€ 172,312.00
2560	KSW MICROTEC AG	0	DE	1	€ 171,873.00
3313	ANGUITA FOTOVOLTAICO SL	0	ES	1	€ 171,860.73
3906	EKODENGE MUHENDISLIK MIMARLIK DANISMANLIK TICARET ANONIM SIRKETI	0	TR	1	€ 171,762.50
3539	COMPAGNIE NATIONALE DU RHONE SA	0	FR	1	€ 171,500.00
4208	ECOSYSTEM ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES S.A.	0	ES	1	€ 171,500.00
3189	HYTER SRL	0	IT	1	€ 171,473.28
2934	INVENTUX SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES GMBH	0	DE	2	€ 171,170.36
4615	ASSOCIATION EUROPEENNE DES FOURNISSEURS AUTOMOBILES	0	BE	1	€ 170,980.00
2726	INNOVA BIC – BUSINESS INNOVATION CENTRE SRL	0	IT	1	€ 170,688.00
3204	TECHNION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION LTD	0	IL	1	€ 170,509.20
3557	CANON PRODUCTION PRINTING NETHERLANDS BV	0	NL	1	€ 169,987.50
2019	VISKAM GORUNTU ANALIZ VE OTOMASYON SISTEMLERI SANAYI VE TICARET LIMITED SIRKETI	0	TR	1	€ 169,977.31
2078	MANZ CIGS TECHNOLOGY GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 169,303.50
3075	JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY IN KRAKOW	0	PL	1	€ 169,200.00
2393	RTONE SARL	0	FR	1	€ 169,180.00
3016	MEKOPRINT A/S	0	DK	1	€ 169,000.00
3296	UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB	0	HR	1	€ 169,000.00
4177	FEDERAZIONE EUROPEA DI ZOOTECNICA	0	IT	1	€ 169,000.00
4857	FOOD-PROCESSING INITIATIVE E. V	0	DE	1	€ 168,870.31
4296	SAMSKIP HF	0	IS	1	€ 168,232.50
2402	RESENERGIE S.L.	0	ES	1	€ 167,901.26
1534	Q-CELLS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT	0	DE	2	€ 167,318.00
3714	SAE-AUTOMATION, S.R.O	0	SK	1	€ 167,081.25
2424	EMERSON NETWORK POWER ENERGY SYSTEMS AB	0	SE	1	€ 166,833.00
2403	A.P.T. ARCHIMEDES POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES LTD	0	CY	1	€ 166,751.15
134	UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM	0	UK	6	€ 166,579.70
2176	CENTRE D’INFORMACIO I DOCUMENTACIO INTERNACIONALS A BARCELONA	0	ES	1	€ 166,336.20
4227	VYSOKA SKOLA CHEMICKO-TECHNOLOGICKA V PRAZE	0	CZ	1	€ 166,278.72
4958	AERONORD DI ENZO CISARO & C. S.A.S.	0	IT	1	€ 166,000.00
2121	MAGNOMATICS LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 166,000.00
2157	SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY	0	CN	2	€ 165,814.80
2987	HEIDELBERG MATERIALS CEMENT SVERIGE AB	0	SE	1	€ 165,800.00
1681	RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES	0	RU	2	€ 165,700.80
4235	CLEANWATTS DIGITAL SA	0	PT	1	€ 165,600.00
3076	OSM-DAN LTD	0	IL	1	€ 165,560.00
3765	FUNDACION IMDEA MATERIALES	0	ES	2	€ 165,312.96
4226	UNIVERSIDAD DE NAVARRA	0	ES	1	€ 165,312.96
4038	ARENYS INOX SL	0	ES	1	€ 165,252.50
4007	INEGI – INSTITUTO DE CIENCIA E INOVACAO EM ENGENHARIA MECANICA E ENGENHARIA INDUSTRIAL	0	PT	1	€ 164,875.00
4322	ARTEL SRL	0	IT	1	€ 164,753.75
4818	GREAT LAKES ENERGY LTD	0	RW	1	€ 164,682.88
2882	ASM EUROPE BV	0	NL	1	€ 164,602.00
1909	MAKEDONSKO ZDRUZENIE ZA SONCEVA ENERGIJA SOLAR MAKEDONIJA	0	MK	2	€ 164,506.50
3773	INSTITUT NATIONAL POLYTECHNIQUE DE TOULOUSE	0	FR	1	€ 164,412.50
2947	AFS ENTWICKLUNGS + VERTRIEBS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 164,280.00
4461	INNOVATION THERM TECHNOLOGIES SL	0	ES	1	€ 164,062.50
2946	BAUR PRUF- UND MESSTECHNIK GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 163,960.00
2853	MERITOR HEAVY VEHICLE SYSTEMS CAMERI SPA	0	IT	1	€ 163,800.00
2028	ALLNEX BELGIUM	0	BE	1	€ 163,800.00
2650	SM AMENAG PROMO PARC TECHN BOURGETLAC	0	FR	1	€ 163,586.95
4328	INDEPENDENT POWER TRANSMISSION OPERATOR SA	0	EL	1	€ 163,257.50
3578	NOVARECKON SRL	0	IT	1	€ 163,125.00
1954	INPHOTECH SP ZOO	0	PL	1	€ 163,073.00
2461	SOITEC BELGIUM NV	0	BE	1	€ 162,600.00
4700	UAB METSOLAR	0	LT	1	€ 161,875.00
3497	CAMBRIDGE NANOMATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LTD	0	UK	1	€ 161,850.45
1809	JOHNSUN HEATERS LIMITED	0	CY	1	€ 161,818.52
3123	DIMOS ALIMOU-MUNICIPALITY OF ALIMOS	0	EL	1	€ 161,750.00
3096	PHOTOVOLTAIK AUSTRIA BUNDESVERBANDVEREIN	0	AT	1	€ 161,618.75
2546	PROFI RENT SRL	0	RO	1	€ 161,008.00
2153	STICHTING SRON NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE FOR SPACE RESEARCH	0	NL	1	€ 160,892.40
2185	DECONINCK NV	0	BE	1	€ 160,800.00
4104	OY BRYNOLF GRONMARK AB	0	FI	1	€ 160,000.00
2719	INSTITUTE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY	0	UK	1	€ 160,000.00
3038	PHILIPS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 159,866.50
3742	K & S GMBH PROJEKTMANAGEMENT	0	DE	1	€ 159,638.50
3047	FAKTOR 3 APS	0	DK	1	€ 159,600.00
4897	COWI AS	0	DK	1	€ 159,600.00
4519	OKRESNI HOSPODARSKA KOMORA OLOMOUC	0	CZ	1	€ 159,125.00
2368	SACHSISCHE WALZENGRAVUR GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 159,000.00
4682	MINISTERO DELLA CULTURA	0	IT	1	€ 158,750.00
3702	FUNDACION AGUSTIN DE BETANCOURT	0	ES	1	€ 158,625.00
4314	COSENTINO RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, S.L	0	ES	1	€ 158,425.00
4602	COMITATO ELETTROTECNICO ITALIANO C.E.I.	0	IT	1	€ 158,059.38
2768	NANOLAYER COATING TECHNOLOGIES LDA	0	PT	1	€ 157,839.00
3032	COVESTRO DEUTSCHLAND AG	0	DE	3	€ 157,756.00
4221	HUN-REN ENERGIATUDOMANYI KUTATOKOZPONT	0	HU	1	€ 157,622.40
3607	EA ENERGIANALYSE AS	0	DK	1	€ 157,610.00
4100	SOCIETATEA CU RASPUNDERE LIMITATA SUNGA	0	MD	1	€ 157,545.00
3777	GREEN AGRO AND TRANSPORT APS	0	DK	1	€ 157,406.05
1060	FUNDACION GAIKER	0	ES	2	€ 157,253.00
3060	LINDSTRAND TECHNOLOGIES LTD	0	UK	1	€ 156,950.00
4501	GREENDELTA GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 156,875.00
4495	BRGM	0	FR	2	€ 156,750.00
4858	AIR6 SYSTEMS GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 156,413.25
4023	UNIVERSITE ABDOU MOUMOUNI DE NIAMEY	0	NE	1	€ 156,250.00
1833	B.N. TERMICA DI BARBERIO MICHEL E CIAVARELLA SOCCORSA S.N.C.	0	IT	1	€ 155,789.80
3161	DEUTSCHE ENERGIE-AGENTUR GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 155,778.75
2075	AVA-ANHALTINISCHE VERFAHRENS-UND ANLAGENTECHNIK GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 155,656.00
3570	UJV REZ AS	0	CZ	1	€ 155,503.25
3951	SOL INSTRUMENTS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 155,470.00
3308	KOLZER SRL	0	IT	1	€ 155,463.86
3046	INNOVATEC SENSORIZACION Y COMUNICACION, S.L.	0	ES	1	€ 155,348.00
3576	EXIDE TECHNOLOGIES GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 155,000.00
3925	EUROPEAN HEAT PUMP ASSOCIATION	0	BE	1	€ 155,000.00
4617	CLEAN AIR INITIATIVE FOR ASIAN CITIES (CIA-ASIA) CENTER INC ASSOCIATION NON STOCK CORPORATION	0	PH	1	€ 154,872.50
1999	MANUEL DA CONCEICAO GRACA LIMITADA	0	PT	1	€ 154,800.00
2386	SUNSWITCH SA	0	BE	1	€ 154,752.40
2447	HERMANOS CUEVAS SA	0	ES	1	€ 154,709.00
2072	ITRAM HIGIENE SL	0	ES	1	€ 154,432.00
2411	YPAREX BV	0	NL	2	€ 154,301.00
1946	NOVELTIS SAS	0	FR	1	€ 154,250.00
4559	GRUPO EMPRESARIAL LA CANA	0	ES	1	€ 154,175.00
636	NESTE	3	FI	2	€ 153,750.00
1825	FACULDADE DE CIENCIAS E TECNOLOGIADA UNIVERSIDADE NOVA DE LISBOA	0	PT	1	€ 153,330.00
3753	ALPHA CONSULTANTS (UK) LTD	0	UK	1	€ 153,085.63
2454	NXP SEMICONDUCTORS BELGIUM NV	0	BE	1	€ 153,000.00
2721	LEIBNIZ-INSTITUT FUR ANALYTISCHE WISSENSCHAFTEN-ISAS-EV	0	DE	1	€ 153,000.00
3586	ENEA OPERATOR SP ZOO	3	PL	1	€ 152,500.00
3887	SOCIEDADE PORTUGUESA DE INOVACAO CONSULTADORIA EMPRESARIAL E FOMENTO DA INOVACAO SA	0	PT	1	€ 152,500.00
1949	IMAXDI REAL INNOVATION, S.L.	0	ES	1	€ 152,500.00
3746	BROCKLEHURST MARTIN	0	UK	1	€ 152,483.63
1884	VIS MOBILITY SRL	0	IT	1	€ 152,000.00
2103	AGENCE DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT ET DE LAMAITRISE DE L’ENERGIE	0	FR	3	€ 151,748.75
2096	INNOVAATIORAHOITUSKESKUS BUSINESS FINLAND	0	FI	1	€ 151,610.00
2972	VIEN KHOA HOC VAT LIEU	0	VN	1	€ 151,188.00
4638	UNIVERSIDAD DE VIGO	0	ES	1	€ 150,750.00
3792	ASSOLTERM	0	IT	1	€ 150,725.00
4132	INSTITUTE OF APPLIED ECONOMICS APS	0	DK	1	€ 150,703.67
2868	CRI EHF	0	IS	1	€ 150,600.00
4729	I40MC – INDUSTRIE 4.0 MATURITY CENTER GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 150,500.00
3337	FUNDACION ICAMCYL	0	ES	1	€ 150,401.25
4312	SUNNTICS EUROPE SOCIEDAD LIMITADA	0	ES	1	€ 150,125.00
3438	ASSOCIACAO PORTUGUESA DAS EMPRESASDO SECTOR FOTOVOLTAICO	0	PT	1	€ 150,016.25
4502	SAINT GOBAIN RECHERCHE SA	0	FR	2	€ 150,000.00
4928	EU CORE CONSULTING SRL	0	IT	1	€ 150,000.00
4740	“ASOCIACION DE LA INVESTIGACION Y COOPERACION INDUSTRIAL DE ANDALUCIA “”F. DE PAULA ROJAS”””	0	ES	1	€ 150,000.00
4317	RPOW CONSULTING SL	0	ES	1	€ 150,000.00
2686	ELMARCO SRO	0	CZ	1	€ 150,000.00
3103	RESCOOP EU ASBL	0	BE	2	€ 149,645.00
4214	POZNAN UNI	0	PL	1	€ 149,625.60
1989	INNOVATIVE RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY LTD	0	UK	1	€ 149,600.00
3066	ALTA SPA	0	IT	1	€ 149,400.00
4298	BBA FJELDCO EHF.	0	IS	1	€ 149,375.00
4686	EUROPEAN INNOVATION MARKETPLACE ASBL	0	BE	1	€ 149,125.00
4817	REFUSE SARL	0	LB	1	€ 149,060.63
2406	ABN PIPE SYSTEMS SL	0	ES	1	€ 148,865.96
4462	CLANCY HAUSSLER RITA	0	AT	1	€ 148,838.38
1492	POLITECHNIKA LODZKA	0	PL	2	€ 148,750.00
4901	VDM METALS INTERNATIONAL GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 148,750.00
2973	VIEN CONG NGHE HOA HOC – VIEN KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHE VIETNAM	0	VN	1	€ 148,600.00
4304	INSPIRALIA GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 148,500.00
4564	HUBEL VERDE – ENGENHARIA AGRONOMICA SA	0	PT	1	€ 148,468.25
4180	TERRA ENERGY	0	BE	1	€ 148,400.00
3555	AIXACCT SYSTEMS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 148,226.88
3632	ORKUVEITA REYKJAVIKUR SF	0	IS	1	€ 148,125.00
4942	REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND OF CENTRAL MACEDONIA	0	EL	1	€ 147,750.00
2197	SUNNY SOLARTECHNIK GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 147,675.00
3515	LEAR CORPORATION ENGINEERING SPAIN SOCIEDAD LIMITADA	0	ES	1	€ 147,604.08
4943	MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY	0	TR	1	€ 147,343.75
2374	NANOTYPOS OE	0	EL	1	€ 147,200.00
4756	J&G ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE LTD	0	CY	1	€ 147,000.00
3969	TU DORTMUND	0	DE	1	€ 147,000.00
2658	BATOP GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 146,940.00
4401	FORTRINO SARL	0	LU	1	€ 146,875.00
4949	ENBW	3	DE	1	€ 146,505.00
4182	PLEGMA LABS TECHNOLOGIKES LYSEIS ANONYMOS ETAIRIA	0	EL	1	€ 146,474.88
2421	EBM-PAPST MULFINGEN GMBH & CO. KG	0	DE	1	€ 146,329.00
3349	KOMET AUSTRIA GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 146,234.38
2485	ELON TECHNOLOGIES SRO	0	CZ	1	€ 146,183.00
2555	SMARTRAC TECHNOLOGY GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 145,662.00
2948	REHAU AUTOMOTIVE SE & CO KG	0	DE	1	€ 145,647.00
4796	SIEMENS ENERGY GLOBAL GMBH & CO. KG	0	DE	1	€ 145,461.00
3583	KOSTAL SOLAR ELECTRIC IBERICA S.L.	0	ES	1	€ 145,425.00
3919	UNIVERSITATEA TEHNICA CLUJ-NAPOCA	0	RO	1	€ 145,268.25
3620	INTERNATIONAL NAVAL SURVEYS BUREAU	0	EL	1	€ 144,993.63
4206	UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI	0	MW	1	€ 144,625.00
4854	CARTIERA DELL’ADDA SRL	0	IT	1	€ 144,567.50
1923	KERNENERGIEN – THE SOLAR POWER COMPANY	0	DE	1	€ 144,450.00
3653	SOLID SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 144,140.50
4726	ENFOIL	0	BE	2	€ 143,925.00
2525	QUINN ELECTRICAL SERVICES LIMITED	0	IE	1	€ 143,447.00
4849	SOCIEDAD COOPERATIVA ANDALUZA GANADERA DEL VALLE DE LOS PEDROCHES	0	ES	1	€ 143,274.69
2831	KILIAN WATER APS	0	DK	1	€ 142,914.82
1961	ARCHITECTURAL SOLAR LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 142,790.00
4587	TREIBACHER INDUSTRIE AG	0	AT	2	€ 142,781.25
2621	4PICO	0	NL	1	€ 142,700.00
2093	FONDS INNOVEREN EN ONDERNEMEN	0	BE	2	€ 142,630.50
3070	TARTU OBSERVATORY – ESTONIAN MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND RESEARCH	0	EE	1	€ 141,926.40
3650	MITSUBISHI	3	NL	1	€ 141,500.00
2108	ROBOTNIK AUTOMATION SL	0	ES	1	€ 141,488.00
4460	PRITZKOW WALTER ERICH CHRISTIAN	0	DE	1	€ 141,128.75
2574	HEWLETT-PACKARD LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 141,000.00
3739	SIEMENS SA	0	PT	1	€ 140,658.00
1963	ENINVEST SA	0	RO	1	€ 140,632.50
4259	BALGARSKA ASOTSIATSIA ZA VODOROD, GORIVNI KLETKI I SAHRANENIE NA ENERGIA	0	BG	1	€ 140,625.00
4129	YARA INTERNATIONAL ASA	0	NO	1	€ 140,468.13
3319	SENIOR FLEXONICS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 140,436.25
3623	AQUACULTURE FORKYS AE	0	EL	1	€ 140,067.38
2563	WILDING BUTLER CONSTRUCTION LTD	0	UK	1	€ 140,000.00
3040	UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS	0	BR	1	€ 139,995.54
4840	4MOD TECHNOLOGY	0	FR	1	€ 139,926.51
1967	SOCIETE ALSACIENNE D’EQUIPEMENT ELECTRONIQUE SARL	0	FR	1	€ 139,741.25
3073	HOC VIEN NONG NGHIEP VIET NAM	0	VN	1	€ 139,200.00
1838	AIRLAN S.A.	0	ES	1	€ 138,465.10
2242	ISUPPLI DEUTSCHLAND GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 138,327.00
4872	FOTONIQ PRODUCTS BV	0	NL	1	€ 137,900.00
2735	CONSORZIO ROMA RICERCHE	0	IT	1	€ 137,552.00
3795	AUSTRIA SOLAR	0	AT	1	€ 136,661.25
2940	B-NANO LTD	0	IL	1	€ 136,410.00
4599	BLUNOVA SPA	0	IT	1	€ 136,295.82
3613	INTERNATIONAL CONSORTIUM OF RESEARCH STAFF ASSOCIATIONS COMPANY LIMITED BY GUARANTEE	0	IE	1	€ 136,227.50
2171	EUROPEAN BATTERIES OY	0	FI	1	€ 136,141.00
4176	GOLINELLI GIULIO	0	IT	1	€ 135,969.63
4607	RED FERROVIARIA VASCA – EUSKAL TRENBIDE SAREA	0	ES	1	€ 135,695.98
2822	COOPERATIVA AGRICOLA DOS OLIVICULTORES DE VILA FLOR E ANSIAES CRL	0	PT	1	€ 135,285.19
4282	AUTOSTRADE PER L’ITALIA SPA	0	IT	1	€ 135,275.00
2627	TECHNICAL PLATING SOCIEDAD LIMITADA	0	ES	1	€ 135,247.44
4829	ENEROX GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 135,165.60
1475	UNIVERSIDAD DE CADIZ	0	ES	2	€ 135,103.75
3575	UAB RENERGA	0	LT	1	€ 135,000.00
4145	OCMIOTG SPA	0	IT	1	€ 134,093.75
2201	PROVINCIA DI CASERTA	0	IT	1	€ 134,079.00
4048	PILKINGTON DEUTSCHLAND AG	0	DE	1	€ 134,021.64
4733	BOUWHULP GROEP BV	0	NL	1	€ 133,700.00
1958	PRECIZIKA-MET SC UAB	0	LT	1	€ 133,494.00
1484	AVANCIS GMBH	0	DE	2	€ 132,829.79
3923	GROUPEMENT DE REDEPLOIEMENT ECONOMIQUE DU PAYS DE LIEGE	0	BE	1	€ 132,698.26
4821	METANOGENIA SOCIEDAD LIMITADA	0	ES	1	€ 132,681.50
3062	VDS WEAVING NV	0	BE	1	€ 132,325.60
1915	SELCUK UNIVERSITESI	0	TR	2	€ 132,000.00
4131	SESTOSENSOR SRL	0	IT	1	€ 131,478.38
3119	EYDITI ENERGEIAKOS KAI PERIBALLONTIKOS SCHEDIASMOS EPE	0	EL	1	€ 131,235.00
4909	H2B2 ELECTROLYSIS TECHNOLOGIES SL	0	ES	1	€ 130,987.50
2649	FUNDACION MODERNA	0	ES	1	€ 130,699.43
1837	GIROTZE SL	0	ES	1	€ 130,645.60
1948	TEKNOSET BILGISAYAR YAZILIM VE DANISMANLIK HIZMETLERI SANAYIVE LIMITED SIRKETI	0	TR	1	€ 130,500.00
2782	SOLARTEC AG	0	DE	1	€ 130,385.00
4332	BV TWENTSCHE KABELFABRIEK	0	NL	1	€ 130,375.00
4751	FUNDACION IDONIAL	0	ES	1	€ 130,000.00
2439	STMICROELECTRONICS (TOURS) SAS	0	FR	1	€ 130,000.00
2878	LFOUNDRY SRL	0	IT	2	€ 129,561.43
4471	ENER2CROWD SRL SB	0	IT	1	€ 128,843.75
4644	ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI ASTROFISICA	0	IT	1	€ 128,592.50
4904	MMM ENERGY S.L	0	ES	1	€ 128,524.38
1834	ZACISZE SP. Z O.O.	0	PL	1	€ 128,489.50
3114	GLYFADA MUNICIPALITY	0	EL	1	€ 128,250.00
4431	EESTI MAAULIKOOL	0	EE	1	€ 128,250.00
3354	SISTEMES ELECTRONICS PROGRES, S.A.	0	ES	1	€ 127,785.00
2142	PROLON CONTROL SYSTEMS APS	0	DK	1	€ 127,687.00
2564	BAUSERVE GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 126,560.00
2556	PHILIPS TECHNOLOGIE GMBH	0	DE	2	€ 126,333.00
1885	POLTECH INFORMATION SYSTEM AB	0	SE	2	€ 126,330.00
3059	BONAR TECHNICAL FABRICS NV	0	BE	1	€ 126,330.00
4504	PIXEL VOLTAIC LDA	0	PT	1	€ 126,271.25
3122	DIMOS AGION ANARGIRON-KAMATEROU	0	EL	1	€ 126,250.00
1808	SUNREASON SARL	0	FR	1	€ 126,074.00
4837	ONIO AS	0	NO	1	€ 126,000.00
2813	CY.R.I.C CYPRUS RESEARCH AND INNOVATION CENTER LTD	0	CY	2	€ 125,840.00
3728	SBM SCHIEDAM B.V.	0	NL	1	€ 125,716.25
4209	BOGAZICI UNIVERSITESI	0	TR	1	€ 125,500.00
2457	AIRBUS GROUP SAS	0	FR	1	€ 125,173.00
4369	TANZANIA RENEWABLE ENERGY ASSOCIATION (TAREA)	0	TZ	1	€ 125,000.00
2795	SOCIETATEA ENERGETICA ELECTRICA SA	0	RO	1	€ 123,995.16
3344	RKD IRRIGACION SL	0	ES	1	€ 123,854.50
2870	PFEIFFER VACUUM GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 123,628.00
139	IBERDROLA SA	0	ES	11	€ 123,375.00
3566	E + E ELEKTRONIK GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 123,250.00
4871	SUDTIROLER BAUERNBUND	0	IT	1	€ 122,000.00
3646	EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR STORAGE OF ENERGY	0	BE	1	€ 121,880.00
4683	KORSEAI-KATHIDRYMA ISTORIKON KAI ARCHAIOLOGIKON EREVNON	0	EL	1	€ 121,875.00
2213	INESC ID – INSTITUTO DE ENGENHARIADE SISTEMAS E COMPUTADORES, INVESTIGACAO E DESENVOLVIMENTO EM LISBOA	0	PT	3	€ 121,641.53
1953	UNISOFT ROMANIA SA	0	RO	1	€ 121,495.00
3278	CIT RENERGY AB	0	SE	1	€ 121,347.50
4947	KOINONIKI SYNETAIRISTIKI EPICHEIRISI SYLLOGIKIS KAI KOINONIKIS OFELEIAS ILEKTRA ENERGY KOINONIKI SYNETAIRISTIKI EPICHEIRISI ANANEOSIMON PIGO	0	EL	1	€ 121,250.00
4931	ELLINIKA PETRELAIA MONOPROSOPIANONYMI ETAIREIA DIYLISISEFODIASMOU KAI POLISEONPETRELAIOEIDON KAI PETROCHIMIKON	3	EL	1	€ 120,625.00
2924	AMANUENSIS GMBH	0	CH	1	€ 120,573.00
2501	TAIPRO ENGINEERING SA	0	BE	1	€ 120,520.00
4321	STATNETT SF	0	NO	1	€ 120,032.50
3273	STICHTING NEW ENERGY COALITION	1	NL	1	€ 120,000.00
4445	BENKEI	0	FR	1	€ 120,000.00
2348	ATHINA-EREVNITIKO KENTRO KAINOTOMIAS STIS TECHNOLOGIES TIS PLIROFORIAS, TON EPIKOINONION KAI TIS GNOSIS	0	EL	1	€ 120,000.00
4047	NBARCHITECTEN BV	0	NL	1	€ 119,722.60
2190	INTELEN SERVICES LIMITED	0	CY	2	€ 119,640.00
3377	GENIKI GRAMMATIA EREVNAS KAI KAINOTOMIAS	0	EL	2	€ 119,625.00
4428	AZOMURES SA	0	RO	1	€ 119,375.00
3466	DAIDALOS PEUTZ BOUWFYSISCH INGENIEURSBUREAU	0	BE	1	€ 119,255.50
2452	NANO DESIGN SRO	0	SK	2	€ 119,250.00
3116	DIMOS VARIS – VOULAS – VOULIAGMENIS	0	EL	1	€ 119,250.00
2429	SOLCALOR BV	0	NL	1	€ 119,098.00
1402	CENTRE DE DEVELOPPEMENT DES ENERGIES RENOUVELABLES	0	DZ	2	€ 118,050.00
3657	COOPERATIVAS AGRO-ALIMENTARIAS DE ESPANA U DE COOP SOCIEDAD COOPERATIVA	0	ES	1	€ 117,612.50
4247	UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA	0	CO	1	€ 117,312.50
1836	FUNVISA SA	0	ES	1	€ 117,110.00
2263	THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION ASSOCIATION	0	IE	1	€ 116,979.00
3666	HAVER & BOECKER OHG	0	DE	1	€ 115,929.70
1955	SAULES ENERGIJA UAB	0	LT	1	€ 115,746.00
3697	ECM GREENTECH	0	FR	1	€ 115,696.88
2727	EUROPEAN BUSINESS AND INNOVATION CENTRE NETWORK AISBL	0	BE	1	€ 115,467.00
3242	MC SHARED SERVICES SA	0	PT	1	€ 115,375.00
2527	TEICAN MEDIOAMBIENTAL S.L.	0	ES	1	€ 115,357.00
2683	XYLEM SERVICES GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 115,350.00
2538	HELIOTIS AG	0	CH	1	€ 115,072.00
2084	PEMCO BRUGGE BVBA	0	BE	1	€ 115,000.00
2502	FUTURE SHAPE GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 114,972.48
2376	MAIER SCOOP	0	ES	1	€ 114,633.00
2639	THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY	0	AU	2	€ 114,111.00
2729	MADRID NETWORK ASOCIACION	0	ES	1	€ 114,032.00
3917	EMPRESA MUNICIPAL DE LA VIVIENDA Y SUELO DE MADRID SA	0	ES	1	€ 113,951.25
2492	CARL DIVER ADVANCED MANUFACTURING CONSULTING LIMITED	0	IE	1	€ 113,912.52
4701	SABIC GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES BV	0	NL	1	€ 113,750.00
2325	G24 INNOVATIONS LTD	0	UK	2	€ 113,625.00
3986	FLEXENABLE TECHNOLOGY LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 113,519.00
2541	TIGER COATINGS	0	AT	1	€ 113,116.00
3716	SOLENNE BV	0	NL	1	€ 112,597.83
2154	INSTITUT FUR ENERGIE UND UMWELTTECHNIK EV – IUTA	0	DE	1	€ 111,660.00
2499	VALSAY S.L.	0	ES	1	€ 111,640.00
4338	AQUATERA ATLANTICO SL	0	ES	1	€ 111,431.25
4101	HELEN OY	0	FI	1	€ 111,250.00
2720	INSTITUT ZA FIZIKU	0	RS	1	€ 111,000.00
2227	UNIVERSITE AL AKHAWAYN D’IFRANE	0	MA	1	€ 110,579.40
3355	INSTITUT AGRONOMIQUE ET VETERINAIRE HASSAN II	0	MA	1	€ 110,165.00
4333	AMERICAN MPIRO OF SIPING HELLENIC MONOPROSOPI ETAIREIA PERIORISMENIS EVTHINIS	0	EL	1	€ 110,031.25
3177	COMMUNAUTE DE COMMUNES COEUR DE SAVOIE	0	FR	1	€ 109,829.19
3357	ABARCA COMPANHIA DE SEGUROS SA	0	PT	1	€ 109,558.00
3178	AGENCIA MUNICIPAL DE ENERGIA DE ALMADA	0	PT	1	€ 109,503.93
3088	IN EXTENSO INNOVATION CROISSANCE	0	FR	1	€ 109,250.00
3382	DIRECAO-GERAL DE ENERGIA E GEOLOGIA	0	PT	1	€ 109,066.32
4287	PROMETNI INSTITUT LJUBLJANA DOO	0	SI	1	€ 108,578.75
2584	INGEG S.R.L	0	IT	1	€ 108,360.00
4051	BAM TECHNIEK BV	0	NL	1	€ 108,132.10
2082	WURTH SOLAR GMBH & CO KG	0	DE	2	€ 108,000.00
3220	MONOLITHOS KATALITES KE ANAKIKLOSI ETAIREIA PERIORISMENIS EVTHINIS	0	EL	1	€ 108,000.00
4609	ASSOCIATION EUROPEENNE DE L’INSTALLATION ELECTRIQUE	0	FR	1	€ 107,875.00
4068	FUNDACION REAL INSTITUTO ELCANO DE ESTUDIOS INTERNACIONALES Y ESTRATEGICOS	0	ES	1	€ 107,700.00
3279	HIR HAMBURG INSTITUT RESEARCH GGMBH	0	DE	1	€ 107,485.00
3342	UNIVERSITAET LEIPZIG	0	DE	1	€ 107,163.00
4377	BUREAU D’ARCHITECTES FORMAT D2 SPRL	0	BE	1	€ 107,125.52
4839	HALTIAN OY	0	FI	1	€ 106,356.25
3435	UNION ESPANOLA FOTOVOLTAICA UNEF ASOCIACION	0	ES	1	€ 105,968.75
3463	BKW ENERGIE AG	0	CH	1	€ 105,875.00
3775	ETABLISSEMENTEN FRANZ COLRUYT NV	0	BE	1	€ 105,875.00
3873	UNIVERSITY OF JORDAN	0	JO	1	€ 105,743.75
2561	WIRTSCHAFTSKAMMER OSTERREICH	0	AT	1	€ 105,648.00
2530	ISCENT OY	0	FI	1	€ 105,337.50
2914	MECHATRONIC SYSTEMTECHNIK GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 105,242.00
4823	YABE MATHIAS CHARLES	0	GH	1	€ 105,171.50
4675	TERRAN TETOCSEREP GYARTO KFT	0	HU	1	€ 105,000.00
1820	POINT L – BULGARIA LTD	0	BG	1	€ 104,946.00
3180	UNIVERSITETET I STAVANGER	0	NO	1	€ 104,418.75
2295	ECOLE NORMALE SUPERIEURE DE LYON	0	FR	1	€ 104,400.00
4945	EGE UNIVERSITY	0	TR	1	€ 104,362.50
2689	CENTRO DI RICERCA, SVILUPPO E STUDI SUPERIORI IN SARDEGNA SOCIETÀ A RESPONSABILITÀ LIMITATA	0	IT	1	€ 103,664.77
3914	AJUNTAMIENTO DE SANT CUGAT DEL VALLES	0	ES	1	€ 103,625.00
2259	GREENSCHEME LIMITED	0	IE	1	€ 103,329.20
2582	SAFT	0	FR	1	€ 103,245.00
3028	FSAVE SOLARTECHNIK GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 103,097.27
4624	TOJO MOTORS CORP	0	PH	1	€ 102,871.13
2792	CONCEPTO SOCIOLOGICO SL	0	ES	1	€ 102,657.60
3445	EFACEC ENGENHARIA E SISTEMAS SA	0	PT	1	€ 102,500.00
3109	GEETIT SRL	0	IT	1	€ 102,239.38
3754	ENTEC SPA	0	IT	1	€ 102,200.00
4030	UNTAPPED WATER LIMITED	0	KE	1	€ 101,937.50
4189	ENEXIS NETBEHEER BV	0	NL	1	€ 101,625.00
3111	ELECTRICIDAD JACA SL	0	ES	1	€ 101,565.63
3085	GTS DEUTSCHLAND GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 101,307.50
4258	EVROPEISKI TSIFROV INOVATSIONEN KHUB ZAGORE	0	BG	1	€ 101,250.00
2042	SOLARLITE GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 101,212.88
4478	POLITECHNIKA RZESZOWSKA IM IGNACEGO LUKASIEWICZA PRZ	0	PL	1	€ 101,200.00
3360	CONSELLERIA DE AGRICULTURA GANADERIA Y PESCA	0	ES	1	€ 100,960.00
3931	EDF ENR PWT	0	FR	1	€ 100,750.00
2728	AN-NAJAH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY	0	PS	1	€ 100,478.00
3329	SIL’TRONIX SILICON TECHNOLOGIES	0	FR	1	€ 100,012.50
3188	SOCIEDADE REBELO DE SOUSA & ADVOGADOS ASSOCIADOS RL	0	PT	1	€ 100,000.00
3264	CENTRO NACIONAL DE EXPERIMENTACIONDE TECNOLOGIAS DE HIDROGENO Y PILASDE COMBUSTIBLE CONSORCIO	0	ES	1	€ 100,000.00
3272	HYCOLOGNE GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 100,000.00
4590	ENVIVA IDIOTIKI KEFAIOUCHIKI ETAIREIA/ENVIVA IKE	0	EL	1	€ 100,000.00
4310	FERSISOLAR SL	0	ES	1	€ 100,000.00
1889	UNIVERSITAET PADERBORN	0	DE	1	€ 100,000.00
2692	SENER INGENIERIA Y SISTEMAS SA	0	ES	1	€ 99,999.50
3614	DIMOS CHIOU	0	EL	1	€ 99,523.75
2423	MICRO TURBINE TECHNOLOGY BV	0	NL	1	€ 98,989.00
4056	STICHTING VESTIA	0	NL	1	€ 98,971.61
1819	INSPIRALIA SOCIEDAD LIMITADA	0	ES	4	€ 98,880.00
3271	INSTITUTO BALEAR DE LA ENERGIA	0	ES	1	€ 98,875.00
1901	VIESSMANN FAULQUEMONT S.A.S.	0	FR	1	€ 98,100.00
2220	TURBODEN SPA	0	IT	1	€ 97,939.00
2885	STICHTING ASTRONOMISCH ONDERZOEK IN NEDERLAND	0	NL	1	€ 97,297.00
4513	NEXA – AGENCE REGIONALE DE DEVELOPPEMENT D’INVESTISSEMENT ET D’INNOVATION	0	FR	1	€ 97,256.00
2073	I3 INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES B.V.	0	NL	1	€ 97,240.00
3108	FRESNEX GMBH	0	AT	2	€ 97,192.71
4963	SOLARUS RENEWABLES AB	0	SE	1	€ 97,000.00
2783	ENECSYS LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 96,944.00
4289	ETHNIKOS ORGANISMOS DIMOSIAS YGEIAS	0	EL	1	€ 96,500.00
2896	OUTOTEC (FINLAND) OY	0	FI	1	€ 96,300.00
4022	JOKOSUN	0	FR	1	€ 95,812.50
4592	GLOCK TECHNOLOGY GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 95,757.50
2548	GREENONETEC SOLARINDUSTRIE GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 95,750.00
3181	NOTRE EUROPE – INSTITUT JACQUES DELORS	0	FR	1	€ 95,667.61
2892	OY WOIKOSKI AB	0	FI	1	€ 95,300.00
2873	TRELLEBORG SEALING SOLUTIONS GERMANY GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 95,150.00
4006	VIDES INVESTICIJU FONDS SIA	0	LV	1	€ 94,475.00
2867	COORSTEK MEMBRANE SCIENCES AS	0	NO	1	€ 94,104.00
4696	ABB SPA	0	IT	1	€ 93,800.00
3074	ADVANCED MATERIALS – JTJ SRO	0	CZ	1	€ 93,750.00
3549	TIPB TOEGEPASTE INDUSTRIELE PROCESBEHEERSING	0	NL	1	€ 93,537.50
2569	TRICOM GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 93,500.00
4792	BOND BETER LEEFMILIEU VLAANDEREN	0	BE	1	€ 93,125.00
4103	KAUNO ENERGIJA AB	0	LT	1	€ 93,125.00
4361	EUROPROJECT OOD	0	BG	1	€ 92,968.75
4758	KENTRO IKANOTITON GIA TIN VIOMICHANIA 4.0 APO TO SCHEDIASMO STIN YLOPOIISI IDIOTIKI KEFALAIOUCHIKI ETAIREIA	0	EL	1	€ 92,500.00
2356	SISMA SPA	0	IT	1	€ 92,142.00
3956	NGDI OPERATIONS BV	0	NL	1	€ 91,875.00
2198	STADT KONSTANZ	0	DE	1	€ 91,800.00
4941	ISTANBUL TEKNIK UNIVERSITESI	0	TR	1	€ 91,712.50
2816	MOLYCORP CHEMICALS & OXIDES (EUROPE) LTD	0	UK	1	€ 91,600.00
2577	REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER FOR CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE -REC	0	HU	1	€ 91,104.00
3840	TMROW APS	0	DK	1	€ 91,000.00
3552	NOME OY	0	FI	1	€ 90,812.50
1987	EIDGENOESSISCHES DEPARTEMENT DES INNERN	0	CH	1	€ 90,400.00
4629	SKYNRG BV	0	NL	1	€ 90,312.50
2070	PLC INGREDIENTS LIMITED	0	IE	1	€ 90,125.00
4473	PV WORKS B.V.	0	NL	1	€ 90,000.00
2328	CREDIT SUISSE SA	0	CH	1	€ 90,000.00
3101	FRANKFURT SCHOOL OF FINANCE & MANAGEMENT GEMEINNUTZIGE GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 89,917.50
3553	WURTH ELEKTRONIK GMBH & CO KG	0	DE	1	€ 89,700.00
3551	SMARTMOTION S.R.O.	0	CZ	1	€ 89,375.00
2446	HECKMANN MASCHINENBAU UND VERFAHRENSTECHNIK GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 89,245.00
2459	CIRTEM	0	FR	1	€ 89,191.00
2997	IAT 21 INNOVATIVE AERONAUTICS TECHNOLOGIES GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 89,014.00
2491	ELDOS SP ZOO	0	PL	1	€ 88,975.00
2550	DR AXEL MULLER	0	DE	1	€ 88,800.00
4335	EUROPEAN MARINE BOARD IVZW	0	BE	1	€ 87,925.00
1985	IMMO 14 GENOSSENSCHAFT	0	CH	1	€ 87,526.00
4515	PIXAM LTD	0	MT	1	€ 86,987.50
2880	LABORATORIOS ALPHA SAN IGNACIO PHARMA S.L. – ALPHASIP	0	ES	1	€ 86,418.00
3673	DIL DIEL	0	BG	1	€ 86,375.00
3064	TEXTEIS PENEDO SA	0	PT	1	€ 85,500.00
4387	ADELFOI PETROU (GALAKTOKOMIKA PROIONTA) LIMITED	0	CY	1	€ 85,010.63
1902	ENERGIE SOLAIRE SA	0	CH	1	€ 85,000.00
2371	LASING	0	ES	1	€ 84,996.00
2901	A.C.I.S. AZIENDA COSTRUZIONI INSTALLAZIONI SEGNALETICHE SRL	0	IT	1	€ 84,432.00
3280	AGFW-PROJEKTGESELLSCHAFT FUR RATIONALISIERUNG, INFORMATION UND STANDARDISIERUNG MBH	0	DE	1	€ 84,025.00
3356	DEPARTAMENTO DE MEDIO AMBIENTE Y TURISMO – GOBIERNO DE ARAGON	0	ES	1	€ 83,937.00
2552	KARL SCHNETZINGER	0	AT	1	€ 83,768.00
2998	GROB AIRCRAFT AG	0	DE	1	€ 83,390.00
3468	TUV RHEINLAND SOLAR GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 83,251.00
2984	VEJDIREKTORATET	0	DK	1	€ 82,500.00
4187	R-DAS, SRO	0	SK	1	€ 82,500.00
2251	POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES	0	PL	2	€ 82,468.06
3249	DIKTYO AEIFORIKON NISON TOY AIGAIOUAE	0	EL	2	€ 82,457.50
3559	SAF TEHNIKA AS	0	LV	1	€ 82,406.25
4141	NEW LIME DEVELOPMENT	0	BE	1	€ 82,131.70
3359	CONSIGLIO DELL’ORDINE NAZIONALE DEIDOTTORI AGRONOMI E FORESTALI	0	IT	1	€ 81,946.00
2578	GREENTRONICS SRL	0	RO	1	€ 81,656.00
3113	ENFINITY	0	BE	1	€ 81,500.00
4290	BEIA CONSULT INTERNATIONAL SRL	0	RO	1	€ 81,495.75
2580	UNIVERSITY FOR THE CREATIVE ARTS	0	UK	1	€ 81,440.00
3527	ABSISKEY	0	FR	1	€ 81,250.00
2888	JYVASKYLAN YLIOPISTO	0	FI	2	€ 81,181.20
3571	QPLOX ENGINEERING	0	BE	1	€ 81,160.00
4167	IFF BENICARLO SL	0	ES	1	€ 81,113.69
2840	MP BATA CONSULTORIA MEDIOAMBIENTAL SL	0	ES	1	€ 80,990.10
4033	FINERGREEN AFRICA	0	CI	1	€ 80,937.50
4633	ADDSCIENCE SWEDEN AB	0	SE	1	€ 80,731.03
4793	ALMA DIGIT SRL	0	IT	1	€ 80,650.00
4243	INSTITUT MAX VON LAUE – PAUL LANGEVIN	0	FR	1	€ 80,575.00
3274	BALEARIA EUROLINEAS MARITIMAS SA	0	ES	1	€ 80,500.00
4000	FIZIKALAS ENERGETIKAS INSTITUTS	0	LV	1	€ 80,306.25
4877	NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTER, MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE	0	JO	1	€ 80,000.00
2718	MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA	0	CZ	1	€ 80,000.00
2085	TATA STEEL NEDERLAND TECHNOLOGY BV	0	NL	1	€ 80,000.00
2709	BASF SCHWEIZ AG	0	CH	1	€ 79,833.00
2554	DS SMITH KAYSERSBERG SAS	0	FR	1	€ 79,800.00
2524	FEW CHEMICALS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 79,716.00
3556	REDEN B.V.	0	NL	1	€ 79,110.94
2055	OPTISORT AB	0	SE	1	€ 79,110.00
4121	ILIRIJA, RAZVOJ, PROIZVODNJA IN TRZENJE KOZMETICNIH IZDELKOV DD	0	SI	1	€ 78,435.00
3361	CONSILIUL JUDETEAN CALARASI	0	RO	1	€ 78,200.00
1316	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI CAGLIARI	0	IT	2	€ 77,137.50
1845	BJLGUARSKA ASOTZIATZIYA YELYEKTRICH	0	BG	2	€ 77,091.00
3495	GEOSYSTEMS HELLAS IT KAI EFARMOGESGEOPLIROFORIAKON SYSTIMATON ANONIMIETAIREIA	0	EL	1	€ 76,500.00
4730	VDL ETG PROJECTS B.V.	0	NL	1	€ 76,125.00
2604	SOLVAY SA	0	BE	1	€ 76,079.00
3615	DIMOS OINOUSSON	0	EL	1	€ 76,000.00
4254	HYCOLOGNE – WASSERSTOFF REGION RHEINLAND E.V.	0	DE	1	€ 75,625.00
2828	LIMNOS PODJETJE ZA APLIKATIVNO EKOLOGIJO DOO	0	SI	1	€ 75,529.11
2824	CENTRE OLEICOLA DEL PENEDES SCCL	0	ES	1	€ 75,431.19
4223	UAB REDIGA	0	LT	1	€ 75,000.00
4222	AERIAL TOOLS APS	0	DK	1	€ 75,000.00
4673	COMTES FHT AS	0	CZ	1	€ 74,982.50
2229	CENTRE NATIONAL DE L’ENERGIE DES SCIENCES ET TECHNIQUES NUCLEAIRES	0	MA	1	€ 74,944.00
2818	AEIFOROS METAL PROCESSING AE	0	EL	1	€ 74,358.40
3784	HUNSBALLE CLAUS	0	DK	1	€ 74,103.75
4256	VODORODNA DOLINA STARA ZAGORA	0	BG	1	€ 73,750.00
2815	MINISTERIO DE ECONOMIA, INDUSTRIA Y COMPETITIVIDAD	0	ES	3	€ 73,125.80
3175	ROMA CAPITALE	0	IT	1	€ 73,059.63
2002	TERMOCYCLE SP ZOO	0	PL	1	€ 72,802.25
3058	PEERLESS PLASTICS & COATINGS LTD	0	UK	1	€ 72,700.40
2618	FERRO (HOLLAND) BV	0	NL	1	€ 72,600.00
3056	PIANETA SRL	0	IT	1	€ 72,599.00
4900	GREENLAB SKIVE AS	0	DK	1	€ 72,500.00
4385	HEADGY HELMETS SA	0	PT	1	€ 71,575.00
4538	METRAN ROHSTOFF-AUFBEREITUNGS GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 71,230.27
2212	UNIVERSITE DE LIMOGES	0	FR	1	€ 71,108.00
2570	CONTINENTAL TEVES AG & CO OHG	0	DE	1	€ 71,002.00
4402	TARSUS UNIVERSITESI	0	TR	1	€ 70,000.00
4790	SYNERGEIES STIN EPISTIMI KAI TECHNOLOGIA-SYNEST IDIOTIKI KEFALAIOUCHIKI ETAIREIA	0	EL	1	€ 70,000.00
4295	FILIALA DE CRUCE ROSIE SECTOR 5	0	RO	1	€ 69,825.00
2472	JAKOB ULI	0	DE	1	€ 69,622.31
3589	MUON ELECTRIC UNIPESSOAL LDA	0	PT	1	€ 69,387.50
2581	UP UMWELTANALYTISCHE PRODUKTE GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 69,173.50
2271	QUALITY ADDITIVES LIMITED	0	IE	1	€ 68,884.13
2565	WAMECO S.C. RYSZARD SZPADT, WOJCIECH GORNIKOWSKI	0	PL	1	€ 68,200.00
2313	SIEMENS CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER LTD	0	IL	1	€ 67,815.00
3624	NYSKOPUNARMIDSTOD ISLANDS	0	IS	1	€ 67,539.11
3766	DAY ONE SOCIETA A RESPONSABILITA LIMITATA	0	IT	2	€ 67,500.00
3364	CONSEJERÍA DE SOSTENIBILIDAD, MEDIO AMBIENTE Y ECONOMÍA AZUL	0	ES	1	€ 67,250.00
3305	OHL INDUSTRIAL SL	0	ES	1	€ 67,125.76
2884	MACHTTECHNIK AG	0	DE	1	€ 67,035.00
2375	LASERSPEC	0	BE	1	€ 66,640.00
2463	MICROWAVE CHARACTERIZATION CENTER	0	FR	1	€ 66,127.00
2366	OSAI AUTOMATION SYSTEM SPA SOCIETA’ BENEFIT	0	IT	1	€ 66,114.00
3080	HOCHSCHULE HANNOVER	0	DE	1	€ 65,952.00
3164	THALES ALENIA SPACE ITALIA SPA	0	IT	2	€ 65,850.00
1943	JAVNO VODOPRIVREDNO PREDUZECE VODEVOJVODINE NOVI SAD	0	RS	1	€ 65,700.00
3797	LEGAMBIENTE NAZIONALE APS RETE ASSOCIATIVA ETS	0	IT	1	€ 65,470.00
2845	SUNWAYS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT	0	DE	1	€ 65,340.00
2175	INNOTECH SOLAR	0	NO	1	€ 65,297.00
4800	CERTISOLIS TC	0	FR	1	€ 64,640.63
4795	CARBYON BV	0	NL	1	€ 64,600.00
2725	CENTRE DE RECHERCHE ET DE TECHNOLOGIE DE L ENERGIE	0	TN	1	€ 64,254.00
1882	INVENT BALTICS OU	0	EE	1	€ 64,200.00
3184	MUNICIPIO DE ALMADA	0	PT	1	€ 63,809.98
2231	AUNERGY THERMOSOLAR S.R.L.	0	ES	1	€ 63,798.80
2362	IT4IP	0	BE	1	€ 63,490.00
2547	BTB BLOCKHEIZKRAFTWERKS TRAGER UND BETREIBERGES MBH BERLIN	0	DE	1	€ 63,412.00
3218	NANO4ENERGY SLNE	0	ES	1	€ 63,000.00
2441	ENERGY CHANGES PROJEKTENTWICKLUNG GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 62,840.00
4251	DEUTSCHER WASSERSTOFF- UND BRENNSTOFFZELLEN VERBAND EV	0	DE	1	€ 62,500.00
2935	SOLIBRO GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 62,371.38
4946	AGROTIKOS SYNETAIRISMOS VEROIAS VENUS GROWERS	0	EL	1	€ 62,187.50
234	PILKINGTON TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LTD	0	UK	5	€ 61,925.00
2731	UNIVERSITE DE NANTES	0	FR	1	€ 61,798.00
1924	TECHINT COMPAGNIA TECNICA INTERNAZIONALE SPA	0	IT	1	€ 61,658.75
2741	SOLARIS PHOTONICS LTD	0	UK	1	€ 61,440.00
4410	MINISTERE DE L’ AGRICULTURE ET DU GOUVERNEMENT	0	CM	1	€ 60,550.00
3282	EC BREC INSTYTUT ENERGETYKI ODNAWIALNEJ SP ZOO	0	PL	1	€ 60,462.50
4245	EUROPEAN SYNCHROTRON RADIATION FACILITY	0	FR	1	€ 60,187.50
2346	CGG	3	NL	1	€ 60,050.40
4916	DESTINUS ENERGY BV	0	NL	1	€ 60,000.00
4737	LINXOLE AB	0	SE	1	€ 60,000.00
3374	OSTERREICHISCHE FORSCHUNGSFORDERUNGSGESELLSCHAFT MBH	0	AT	2	€ 59,812.50
3380	CONSORCIO AGENCIA EXTREMENA DE LA ENERGIA	0	ES	1	€ 59,812.50
4791	VICAT	0	FR	1	€ 59,500.00
4554	UNIVERSIDADE TECNICA DO ATLANTICO	0	CV	1	€ 59,375.00
4003	ASOCIACION CANARIA DE ENERGIAS RENOVABLES, ACER	0	ES	1	€ 59,375.00
2050	SCHOTT SOLAR CSP GMBH	0	DE	2	€ 59,129.50
2209	DIAMORPH AB (PUBL)	0	SE	1	€ 59,034.00
2515	VAJRA EMPRESA SOLAR DE ALIMENTACAO E ENERGIAS RENOVAVEIS LDA	0	PT	1	€ 58,756.73
3502	EXERGY SPA	0	IT	2	€ 58,485.13
4257	ZAGORA ENERDZHI OOD	0	BG	1	€ 58,275.00
2523	HRS HEAT EXCHANGERS SL	0	ES	1	€ 58,096.21
808	MERCK KGAA	0	DE	3	€ 57,862.50
1927	MEKOROT WATER COMPANY LIMITED	0	IL	1	€ 57,781.07
3751	DEEP BLUE SRL	0	IT	1	€ 57,750.00
2653	ZDRUZENJE SLOVENSKE FOTOVOLTAIKE (ZSFV) GOSPODARSKO INTERESNO ZDRUZENJE	0	SI	1	€ 57,716.87
3776	FUELSAVE GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 57,575.00
1962	QUANTASOL LIMITED	0	UK	2	€ 57,480.00
2814	ELLINIKA PETRELAIA AE	3	EL	1	€ 57,480.00
2104	THE TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY BOARD	0	UK	1	€ 57,394.80
2269	PRA TRADING LTD	0	UK	1	€ 57,288.00
2005	UNIVERSITY OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND METALLURGY	0	BG	2	€ 57,282.00
2097	SERVICE PUBLIC DE WALLONIE	0	BE	2	€ 57,245.00
3102	ALLIANZ CLIMATE SOLUTIONS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 57,168.75
3281	INSTITUT ZA NULEVO ENERGIJNI SGRADI	0	BG	1	€ 57,062.50
4053	BAM WONINGBOUW BV	0	NL	1	€ 56,271.67
2205	TATA STEEL UK LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 56,074.00
2255	BAXI HEATING UK LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 55,950.00
2881	LAM	0	IT	1	€ 55,920.00
3567	SANDVIK MINING AND CONSTRUCTION OY	0	FI	1	€ 55,040.00
2361	SKF BV	0	NL	1	€ 53,900.00
3311	STAMICARBON B.V.	0	NL	1	€ 53,750.00
2380	TECINVEST HOLDING AG	0	DE	2	€ 53,400.00
4458	IFE INVEST AS	0	NO	1	€ 53,375.00
2458	AUDI AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT	0	DE	1	€ 52,954.00
3285	EUROHEAT & POWER	0	BE	1	€ 52,750.00
3174	AGENCIA LOCAL D’ENERGIA DE BARCELONA	0	ES	1	€ 52,469.48
2522	HRS-SPIRATUBE S.L.	0	ES	1	€ 52,211.79
3796	ASSOCIACAO PORTUGUESA DA INDUSTRIA SOLAR	0	PT	1	€ 52,125.00
2791	COMUNE DI PANTELLERIA	0	IT	1	€ 51,973.12
4921	B.T.G. ADVANCED BIOFUEL COMPANY B.V	0	NL	1	€ 51,925.00
4405	LIB PACK	0	ZA	1	€ 51,887.50
3091	COMITE EUROPEEN DE COORDINATION DE L’HABITAT SOCIAL AISBL	0	BE	1	€ 51,875.00
3115	DIMOS AGIOS DIMITRIOS	0	EL	1	€ 51,750.00
4440	MONDRAGON ASSEMBLY GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 51,625.00
3569	TORNOS SA	0	CH	1	€ 51,600.75
2088	DUPONT DE NEMOURS INTERNATIONAL SARL	0	CH	1	€ 51,238.72
4154	FLABEG FE GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 50,415.18
2779	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI CATANIA	0	IT	1	€ 50,100.00
2780	ELETTRA – SINCROTRONE TRIESTE SCPA	0	IT	1	€ 50,100.00
2784	POWERTEC SRO	0	SK	1	€ 50,100.00
3128	ESAVE CORPORATION LIMITED	0	IE	1	€ 50,000.00
3129	RAYGEN RESOURCES LTD	0	UK	1	€ 50,000.00
3133	SBSKIN. SMART BUILDING SKIN S.R.L.	0	IT	1	€ 50,000.00
3136	SYNVERTEC LTD	0	IL	1	€ 50,000.00
3141	AROSS 3D GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 50,000.00
3142	INSTITUTO HOLOGRAFICO TERRASUN SL	0	ES	1	€ 50,000.00
3143	SOLARDYNAMIK GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 50,000.00
3144	SCA DEVELOPMENT LTD	0	BG	1	€ 50,000.00
3145	TEKNISOLAR LTD	0	UK	1	€ 50,000.00
3146	OMNIFLOW SA	0	PT	1	€ 50,000.00
3147	LIGHT PRESCRIPTIONS INNOVATORS EUROPE SL	0	ES	1	€ 50,000.00
3148	THERMOLECTRIC INDUSTRIAL SOLUTIONS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 50,000.00
3084	UAB SOLET TECHNICS	0	LT	1	€ 50,000.00
3107	BRENMILLER ENERGY LTD	0	IL	1	€ 50,000.00
3209	COGO BILANCE SRL	0	IT	1	€ 50,000.00
3149	EN3 GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 50,000.00
3212	3BEE SRL	0	IT	1	€ 50,000.00
3213	GREENETICA GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 50,000.00
3214	PNAT SRL	0	IT	1	€ 50,000.00
3215	EAGROOP LDA	0	PT	1	€ 50,000.00
3216	GASMETRIC AUTOMATAS DE MEDICION SOCIEDAD LIMITADA	0	ES	1	€ 50,000.00
3217	ACTIVE INNOVATION MANAGEMENT	0	FR	1	€ 50,000.00
3210	EPROINN SRL	0	IT	1	€ 50,000.00
3150	DIAGNOSTIQA CONSULTORIA TECNICA SL	0	ES	1	€ 50,000.00
3153	INSOLEM	0	FR	1	€ 50,000.00
3154	SOLAR WATER SOLUTIONS OY	0	FI	1	€ 50,000.00
3156	HYDRO ITALIA SRL	0	IT	1	€ 50,000.00
3157	RAINMAKER HOLLAND BV	0	NL	1	€ 50,000.00
3158	DESOLENATOR UK LTD	0	UK	1	€ 50,000.00
3394	RENOVAGEN LTD	0	UK	1	€ 50,000.00
3395	IMARINE DENIZ TEKNOLOJILERI VE ARASTIRMALARI SANAYI VE TICARET ANONIMSIRKETI	0	TR	1	€ 50,000.00
3397	ALAZ ARIMA SL	0	ES	1	€ 50,000.00
3398	THERMA SPHERA LTD	0	IL	1	€ 50,000.00
3400	ALBACOMP RI RENDSZERINTEGRACIOS KORLATOLT FELELOSSEGU TARSASAG	0	HU	1	€ 50,000.00
3401	ROUGE H2 ENGINEERING AG	0	AT	1	€ 50,000.00
3403	ANVIL SEMICONDUCTORS LTD	0	UK	1	€ 50,000.00
3404	RAYCATCH LTD	0	IL	1	€ 50,000.00
3405	AERIAL INSIGHTS, IMAGE INTELLIGENCE, BIG DATA, KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING,SOFTWARE AND SERVICES SOCIEDAD LIMITADA	0	ES	1	€ 50,000.00
3407	ALITER GRUP RENOVABLES SL	0	ES	1	€ 50,000.00
3412	CLEANDRONE SL	0	ES	1	€ 50,000.00
3413	NAVIS EHF	0	IS	1	€ 50,000.00
3414	INNOVATIV TERBURKOLATFEJLESZTO KFT	0	HU	1	€ 50,000.00
3415	INTEGRATE NV	0	BE	1	€ 50,000.00
3416	ENNOS AG	0	CH	1	€ 50,000.00
3393	DEMEDENES SL	0	ES	1	€ 50,000.00
3387	SIA KEPP EU	0	LV	1	€ 50,000.00
3388	EASYLI	0	FR	1	€ 50,000.00
3389	SAIENS SMART ENERGY SL	0	ES	1	€ 50,000.00
3392	TECHNOSIND SRL	0	IT	1	€ 50,000.00
3268	THE EUROPEAN MARINE ENERGY CENTRE LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 50,000.00
3851	SOLELIA GREETECH AB	0	SE	1	€ 50,000.00
3850	PP POWER APS	0	DK	1	€ 50,000.00
3849	SOLAR WATER PLC	0	UK	1	€ 50,000.00
3847	TWTG R&D BV	0	NL	1	€ 50,000.00
3845	CAPSUN TECHNOLOGIES SL	0	ES	1	€ 50,000.00
3844	EET – EFFICIENT ENERGY TECHNOLOGY GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 50,000.00
3841	PLEION SRL	0	IT	1	€ 50,000.00
3838	HEATCONV S.L.	0	ES	1	€ 50,000.00
3837	ESASOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM SL	0	ES	1	€ 50,000.00
3836	SHARE YOUR BICAR AG	0	CH	1	€ 50,000.00
3843	SOLMOVE GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 50,000.00
3866	SOLVING SYSTEMS ENGINEERING SL	0	ES	1	€ 50,000.00
3864	WINJI AG	0	CH	1	€ 50,000.00
3863	SOLHO B.V.	0	NL	1	€ 50,000.00
3859	EKIONA ILUMINACION SOLAR SL	0	ES	1	€ 50,000.00
3858	ONYRIQ LABS, SL	0	ES	1	€ 50,000.00
3856	INTENANOMAT SL	0	ES	1	€ 50,000.00
3854	MARU SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL BV	0	NL	1	€ 50,000.00
3853	UBIK SOLUTIONS OU	0	EE	1	€ 50,000.00
3862	LIGHTRICITY LTD	0	UK	1	€ 50,000.00
3833	VOLTSTORAGE GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 50,000.00
3832	ELA, INGENIERIA Y MEDIO AMBIENTE SL	0	ES	1	€ 50,000.00
3831	GEOPREDICT GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 50,000.00
3828	SUNCHIP PROJECTS BV	0	NL	1	€ 50,000.00
3827	SECAR TECHNOLOGIE GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 50,000.00
3824	DIMENSIONE INGENIERIE SRL	0	IT	1	€ 50,000.00
4213	BENEDICT GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 50,000.00
4212	XTPL SPOLKA AKCYJNA	0	PL	1	€ 50,000.00
2630	STICHTING KONINKLIJK NEDERLANDS NORMALISATIE INSTITUUT	0	NL	1	€ 50,000.00
2693	SUNCNIM	0	FR	1	€ 49,800.28
3072	Q&A HA NOI CONG TY TNHH	0	VN	1	€ 49,800.00
2624	SUNTRICA OY	0	FI	1	€ 49,687.00
2252	RE/GENT B.V.	0	NL	2	€ 49,617.00
3628	QUANTUM LEAP JMB MKTG INC	0	PH	1	€ 49,530.00
2687	INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES	0	CN	1	€ 49,525.00
1500	FUNDACAO DE APOIO A UNIVERSIDADE DE SAO PAULO	0	BR	2	€ 49,522.00
2702	UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA DE MEXICO (UNAM)	0	MX	1	€ 49,500.00
2827	ENOSY AGROTIKON SYN SMON PEZON – (UNION OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES OF PEZA PEZA UNION)	0	EL	1	€ 49,375.20
3117	EUROPEAN CROWDFUNDING NETWORK	0	BE	1	€ 49,250.00
2701	UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE	0	CL	2	€ 49,220.00
2712	AMCOR FLEXIBLES SINGEN GMBH	0	DE	2	€ 48,636.00
1040	OFFICE NATIONAL DE L’EAU POTABLE	0	MA	2	€ 48,150.00
3425	GRVEFC SL	0	ES	1	€ 47,369.91
2830	INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES POUR L’ENVIRONNEMENT ET L’AGRICULTURE	0	FR	1	€ 46,086.54
2034	SUNFLAKE AS	0	DK	1	€ 45,969.00
2700	HSE HITIT SOLAR ENERJI AS	0	TR	1	€ 45,622.95
2238	THE UNIVERSITY OF EXETER	0	UK	1	€ 45,600.00
3789	UASABI INOVEYSHANS	0	BG	1	€ 45,000.00
1976	SABANCI UNIVERSITESI	0	TR	1	€ 45,000.00
2141	SKILL ESTRATEGIA, S.L.	0	ES	1	€ 44,136.00
2691	CENTRE FOR SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH AND STUDIES	0	LY	1	€ 43,924.00
2942	HEALTH PROTECTION AGENCY HPA	0	UK	1	€ 41,937.00
4255	LATVIJAS UDENRAZA ASOCIACIJA	0	LV	1	€ 41,875.00
3082	4WARD ENERGY RESEARCH GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 41,120.00
3494	INSTITUTO DE CIENCIAS SOCIAIS	0	PT	1	€ 40,500.00
3276	ASOCIACION ESPANOLA DEL HIDROGENO	0	ES	1	€ 40,000.00
3798	DECO -ASSOCIACAO PORTUGUESA PARA ADEFESA DO CONSUMIDOR	0	PT	1	€ 39,982.50
2106	REGIONE SICILIA	0	IT	1	€ 39,376.00
2680	AQUAKIMIA SDN BHD	0	MY	1	€ 38,989.00
2825	MELABIANAKIS G. EVRIPIDIS KAI SIA OE	0	EL	1	€ 38,695.44
2826	SABINA AGRICOLA SOCIETA AGRICOLA COOPERATIVA	0	IT	1	€ 38,695.44
2736	SHAP SPA SOLAR HEAT AND POWER*	0	IT	1	€ 38,125.06
4252	MAGYAR HIDROGENTECHNOLOGIAI SZOVETSEG	0	HU	1	€ 38,125.00
3554	BESI NETHERLANDS BV	0	NL	1	€ 37,875.00
3121	KELEMENIS & CO.LAW FIRM	0	EL	1	€ 37,500.00
4390	JBF GLOBAL EUROPE	0	BE	1	€ 37,500.00
3287	AMT DER STEIERMARK LANDESREGIERUNG	0	AT	1	€ 36,725.00
3933	ENERGY MATERIALS INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH INITIATIVE	0	BE	1	€ 35,666.25
468	NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY AUTHORITY	0	EG	6	€ 35,310.00
3027	DELO INDUSTRIE KLEBSTOFFE	0	DE	1	€ 35,255.00
2793	WAVE FOR ENERGY SRL	0	IT	1	€ 34,800.00
2767	CONFIDEX OY	0	FI	1	€ 34,605.00
3470	DSM ADVANCED SOLAR B.V.	0	NL	1	€ 34,514.38
2095	BUNDESMINISTERIUM FUER KLIMASCHUTZ, UMWELT, ENERGIE, MOBILITAET, INNOVATION UND TECHNOLOGIE	0	AT	2	€ 33,907.23
1965	NOVAMINA CENTAR INOVATIVNIH TEHNOLOGIJA DOO	0	HR	2	€ 33,504.00
2100	REGIONE PUGLIA	0	IT	1	€ 33,393.63
2016	ENGITEC LIMITED	0	CY	1	€ 33,217.79
1926	NATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT	0	JO	1	€ 33,170.00
1893	FUHR GMBH & CO KG	0	DE	1	€ 32,937.75
1984	LEIBNIZ INSTITUT FUER TROPOSPHAERENFORSCHUNG E.V.	0	DE	1	€ 32,929.87
1827	M-SOLV (HK) LIMITED	0	HK	1	€ 32,880.00
4919	TIDETEC AS	0	NO	1	€ 32,812.50
4066	RWI – LEIBNIZ-INSTITUT FUR WIRTSCHAFTSFORSCHUNG E.V.	0	DE	1	€ 32,551.88
2456	SYNOPSYS SWITZERLAND LLC	0	CH	1	€ 32,400.00
260	UNIVERSITE DE NEUCHATEL	0	CH	6	€ 32,163.40
2041	CENTAR ZA PLAZMA TEHNOLOGII PLAZMA DOO	0	MK	2	€ 31,740.00
2046	USTAV MAKROMOLEKULARNI CHEMIE AV CRVVI	0	CZ	1	€ 31,490.00
1404	PALESTINIAN ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH CENTER	0	PS	2	€ 31,030.00
3312	GREEN CAPITAL POWER SL	0	ES	1	€ 30,805.94
2379	LAC SPA	0	IT	1	€ 30,600.00
3139	SOLID AUTOMATION GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 30,502.50
3888	ATRIA SMART ENERGY SOLUTIONS SOCIEDAD LIMITADA	0	ES	1	€ 30,452.91
2230	DIN DEUTSCHES INSTITUT FUER NORMUNG EV	0	DE	1	€ 29,801.56
3587	MILIEU STUDIO	0	FR	1	€ 29,321.43
2174	METATRONICS BV	0	NL	1	€ 29,002.00
2453	SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES SAS	0	FR	1	€ 28,943.00
3333	GREENWAY GUNES SISTEMLERI ENERJI URETIM SANAYI VE TICARET ANONIM SIRKETI	0	TR	1	€ 28,211.92
1800	ENERSUN SARL	0	FR	1	€ 28,103.98
3379	MINISTERO DELL’ISTRUZIONE, DELL’UNIVERSITA’ E DELLA RICERCA	0	IT	2	€ 27,981.03
2250	ZAKLAD MECHANICZY MESTIL SPOLKA ORGAICZONA ODPOWIEDZIALNOSCIA	0	PL	1	€ 27,831.60
64	UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE	0	UK	6	€ 27,621.25
2805	MAT-TECH BV	0	NL	1	€ 27,272.00
2899	FSL ELECTRONICS LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 27,036.00
2334	DURAN DIONICKO DRUSTVO ZA PROIZVODNJU STAKLA	0	HR	1	€ 26,998.00
3112	KENTRIKI ENOSI DIMON ELLADAS	0	EL	1	€ 26,500.00
2809	ILIAKO REVMA	0	EL	1	€ 26,400.00
2267	INTRINSIQ MATERIALS LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 25,560.00
4920	KAINOTOMICS SRL	0	BE	1	€ 25,400.00
3259	AGENCIA REGIONAL DA ENERGIA E AMBIENTE DA REGIAO AUTONOMA DA MADEIRA	0	PT	1	€ 25,000.00
3267	GEMEENTE AMELAND	0	NL	1	€ 24,998.00
3383	CONSEJERÍA PARA LA TRANSICION ECOLOGICA Y SOSTENIBILIDAD	0	ES	1	€ 24,626.91
1914	SOFTWARE COMPANY EOOD	0	BG	1	€ 24,520.00
4924	ENEROCEAN S.L.	0	ES	1	€ 24,062.50
2150	PAKISTAN SPACE AND UPPER ATMOSPHERE RESEARCH COMMISSION	0	PK	1	€ 24,000.00
1818	BRODARSKI INSTITUT DOO*BI	0	HR	1	€ 23,881.00
3166	IONIX SYSTEMS LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 23,780.00
2024	INGETEAM SERVICE SA	0	ES	1	€ 23,645.00
471	CENTER FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES	0	MA	4	€ 23,486.50
1964	IXSCIENT LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 23,120.00
2531	STORA ENSO OYJ	0	FI	1	€ 23,000.00
2599	RHODIA LABORATOIRE DU FUTUR	0	FR	1	€ 22,800.00
2521	THE UK INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS RESEARCH INSTITUTE LIMITED	0	UK	2	€ 22,674.00
3786	MEMBRASENZ SARL	0	CH	1	€ 22,658.40
3488	UNIVERSIDAD DE HUELVA	0	ES	1	€ 22,500.00
2405	SMITHERS RAPRA AND SMITHERS PIRA LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 22,388.62
2292	SOLAYTEC BV	0	NL	1	€ 21,939.00
2488	EZINC METAL SANAYI VE TICARET AS	0	TR	1	€ 21,917.20
3277	ASOCIACION CHILENA DE HIDROGENO	0	CL	1	€ 21,910.00
3120	DIMOS PALAIO FALIRO	0	EL	1	€ 21,750.00
3118	MUNICIPALITY OF AMAROUSSION	0	EL	1	€ 21,750.00
3655	A.B.C. INDUSTRIE	0	FR	1	€ 21,643.09
3780	AGRO INTELLIGENCE APS	0	DK	1	€ 21,044.55
4133	CWARE APS	0	DK	1	€ 20,971.33
3265	ASOCIACION IBERICA DE GAS NATURAL HIDROGENO Y GAS RENOVABLE PARA LA MOVILIDAD	0	ES	1	€ 20,000.00
2796	EDA – ELECTRICIDADE DOS ACORES SA	0	PT	1	€ 18,267.00
3219	METAL ESTALKI SL	0	ES	1	€ 18,000.00
3487	TERRITORIA ANALISIS Y GESTION DEL MEDIO SL	0	ES	1	€ 18,000.00
3496	CLUSTER ANDALUZ DE ENERGIAS RENOVABLES Y EFICIENCIA ENERGETICA	0	ES	1	€ 18,000.00
2428	EMERSON CLIMATE TECHNOLOGIES	0	CZ	1	€ 17,932.00
2382	NEXT SCAN TECHNOLOGY BV	0	NL	1	€ 17,920.00
4012	PLANTRESPONSE BIOTECH SL	0	ES	1	€ 17,734.10
2483	DZP TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 17,600.00
3316	CAPITAL ENERGY SERVICES SLU	0	ES	1	€ 17,583.33
3258	ENERGY CO-OPERATIVES IRELAND LIMITED	0	IE	1	€ 17,500.00
3465	SOREA SOCIETE DES REGIES DE L’ARC	0	FR	1	€ 17,008.25
3270	ASSOCIATION MAROCAINE POUR L’HYDROGENE ET LE DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE	0	MA	1	€ 16,910.00
3440	H GLASS SA	0	CH	1	€ 16,692.04
2113	OSTBAYERISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE REGENSBURG	0	DE	1	€ 16,359.00
1812	VALAMAR GRUPA D.D.	0	HR	1	€ 16,302.00
2602	SOLVAY INTEROX LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 15,600.00
4172	CHIROTECH TECHNOLOGY LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 15,182.66
2516	POLYESTER HIGH PERFORMANCE GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 15,032.00
1978	BEIHANG UNIVERSITY	0	CN	1	€ 15,000.00
1821	BELARUSIAN STATE UNIVERSITY	0	BY	1	€ 15,000.00
4923	SEENSO RENOVAL SL	0	ES	1	€ 14,465.58
2335	SOLARFOCUS GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 14,453.00
4002	NORGES VASSDRAGS- OG ENERGIDIREKTORAT	0	NO	1	€ 14,375.00
2272	ASOCIATION INDUSTRIAL DE OPTICA COLOR E IMAGEN (AIDO)	0	ES	1	€ 13,600.00
4138	INDYGOTECH MINERALS S.A.	0	PL	1	€ 13,562.50
3483	COOPERNICO – COOPERATIVA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTAVEL CRL	0	PT	1	€ 13,500.00
2900	TARTU ULIKOOL	0	EE	1	€ 12,000.00
4057	IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 11,928.00
2517	DANISH INNOVATION INSTITUTE A/S	0	DK	1	€ 11,787.22
1966	IQE (EUROPE) LTD	0	UK	1	€ 11,700.00
2444	TEKNOLOGISK INSTITUTT AS	0	NO	1	€ 11,102.00
2183	STIFTELSEN FOR FORSKNING OM KONCENTRERAD SOLENERGI	0	SE	1	€ 10,720.00
2519	STAMFORD HOMES LTD	0	UK	1	€ 10,627.00
4595	BEKAERT WIRE ROPE INDUSTRY NV	0	BE	1	€ 10,551.00
2640	SCHOTT SOLAR AG	0	DE	2	€ 10,512.51
2033	INSTITUTTET FOR PRODUKTUDVIKLING	0	DK	1	€ 9,790.00
2960	EUROGLAS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 9,450.98
1302	KONARKA AUSTRIA FORSCHUNGS UND ENTWICKLUNGS GMBH	0	AT	3	€ 9,259.00
3493	PI.RO.CA. SRL	0	IT	1	€ 9,000.00
2890	LOGICA – SOCIEDADE GESTORA DO PARQUE TECNOLOGICO DE MOURA EM SA	0	PT	1	€ 8,577.77
4250	TROLEIBUSNI I AVTOBUSNI PREVOZI EOOD	0	BG	1	€ 8,500.00
2261	NORNER AS	0	NO	1	€ 8,439.00
2572	FLECTION GERMANY GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 8,005.50
4248	ELEKTROENERGIEN SISTEMEN OPERATOR EAD	0	BG	1	€ 8,000.00
1891	PLASMA IT GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 7,680.00
2489	SOLAR TJUBS DOOEL PRILEP	0	MK	1	€ 7,607.51
2514	DIOLEN INDUSTRIAL FIBERS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 7,528.00
2902	KARUTEENED OU	0	EE	1	€ 7,489.00
2648	COMUNIDAD FORAL DE NAVARRA – GOBIERNO DE NAVARRA	0	ES	1	€ 7,304.28
4253	TRANSPRES DELIVARI	0	BG	1	€ 6,000.00
2874	AREVA RENOUVELABLES SAS	0	FR	1	€ 5,527.50
2762	DANFOSS POWER ELECTRONICS AS	0	DK	1	€ 5,445.57
4092	EC SYSTEMS SP ZOO	0	PL	1	€ 4,842.92
3484	ULANOVSKY HAGIT	0	IL	1	€ 4,500.00
3489	DISTRETTO TECNOLOGICO TRENTINO SCARL SB	0	IT	1	€ 4,500.00
3490	ENERCOUTIM – ASSOCIACAO EMPRESARIALDE ENERGIA SOLAR DE ALCOUTIM	0	PT	1	€ 4,500.00
3491	CONSORTIS GEOSPATIAL E.E.	0	EL	1	€ 4,500.00
3492	GEORGIOS M.TSAKOUMIS KAI SIA E.E.	0	EL	1	€ 4,500.00
1807	INVENSOR GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 4,402.32
4044	CEG ELETTRONICA INDUSTRIALE SPA	0	IT	1	€ 4,228.10
4490	KYOTO GROUP AS	0	NO	1	€ 3,785.00
2505	STIFTINGA VESTLANDSFORSKING	0	NO	1	€ 3,275.00
1798	HONEYWELL TECHNOLOGIES SARL	0	CH	1	€ 2,950.00
2258	FAKULTETA ZA TEHNOLOGIJO POLIMEROV	0	SI	1	€ 2,867.00
3083	MITTELBADISCHE ENERGIEGENOSSENSCHAFT EG	0	DE	1	€ 2,092.67
104	BP	3	UK, ES, DE, FR	42	€ 0.00
170	EUROPEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTERS AGENCY – EUREC AGENCY EEIG	0	BE	23	€ 0.00
16	PHOTOWATT INTERNATIONAL SA	0	FR	16	€ 0.00
151	HAHN-MEITNER-INSTITUT BERLIN GMBH	0	DE	14	€ 0.00
127	SOLTECH NV	0	BE	13	€ 0.00
201	COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES	0	IT, NL	12	€ 0.00
180	EUROSOLARE SPA	0	IT	12	€ 0.00
195	NTUA	0	EL	11	€ 0.00
143	NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND, CORK	0	IE	11	€ 0.00
58	ECOFYS B.V.	0	NL	11	€ 0.00
43	CONPHOEBUS SCRL – ISTITUTO DI RICERCHE PER LE ENERGIE RINNOVABILI E IL RISPARMIO ENERGETICO	0	IT	11	€ 0.00
34	ENTE NAZIONALE PER L’ENERGIA ELETTRICA SPA (ENEL)	0	IT	10	€ 0.00
166	AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS	0	EL	10	€ 0.00
171	ITALIAN AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGY, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT	0	IT	9	€ 0.00
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1610	UNIVERSITY OF SARAJEVO	0	BA	1	€ 0.00
1611	TIMCAL BELGIUM	0	BE	1	€ 0.00
1612	CENTRE DE RECHERCHES POUR L’ENVIRONNEMENT L’ENERGIE ET LE DECHET	0	FR	1	€ 0.00
1613	N-GHY	0	FR	1	€ 0.00
1614	SOLUCAR, INVESTIGACION Y DESARROLLO, (SOLUCAR R&D), S.A.	0	ES	1	€ 0.00
1615	EC BREC INSTYTUT ENERGETYKI ODNAWIALNEJ SPOLKA Z OGRANICZONA ODPOWIEDZIALNOSCIA	0	PL	1	€ 0.00
1616	ASSOCIACIO ECOINSTITUT D’ECOLOGIA APLICADA	0	ES	1	€ 0.00
1617	UNIVERSITE DE TOULOUSE 1, SCIENCES SOCIALES	0	FR	1	€ 0.00
1618	ISLENSK NYORKA EHF	0	IS	1	€ 0.00
1619	KULUTTAJATUTKIMUSKEKUS	0	FI	1	€ 0.00
1620	MAGYAR KORNYEZETGAZDASAGTANI KOSPONT ALAPITVANY	0	HU	1	€ 0.00
1621	OEKO-INSTITUT E.V. – INSTITUT FUER ANGEWANDTE OEKOLOGIE	0	DE	1	€ 0.00
1622	CONCIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICHERCHE – INSTITUTO DI RICERCA SULL’IMPRESA E LO SVILUPPO	0	IT	1	€ 0.00
1623	UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN.	0	ZA	1	€ 0.00
1625	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO – BICOCCA	0	IT	1	€ 0.00
1609	INSTITUT ZA NUKLEARNE NAUKE VINCAS	0	nan	1	€ 0.00
1549	AQUA TREATMENT	0	IE	1	€ 0.00
1551	EUREC-AGENCY	0	BE	1	€ 0.00
1554	UNIVERSITÉ PAUL CÉZANNE AIX-MARSEILLE	0	FR	1	€ 0.00
1555	UNIVERSITY OF KONSTANZ	0	DE	1	€ 0.00
1556	ALMA MATER STUDIORUM- UNIVERSITA DI BOLOGNA	0	IT	1	€ 0.00
1558	UNIVERSITY OF MILANO-BICOCCA	0	IT	1	€ 0.00
1559	ENERSYS SPOLKA AKCYJNA	0	PL	1	€ 0.00
1560	SAFT S.A.	0	FR	1	€ 0.00
1561	MARTIN SAUTER GBR	0	DE	1	€ 0.00
1562	MAXWELL TECHNOLOGIES SA	0	CH	1	€ 0.00
1563	ENERSYS S.A.R.L.	0	FR	1	€ 0.00
1569	CONERGY AG	0	DE	1	€ 0.00
1571	SCHEUTEN SOLAR SYSTEMS BV	0	NL	1	€ 0.00
1572	OSTERREICHISCHES FORSCHUNGS UND PRUFZENTRUM ARSENAL GES.M.B.H	0	AT	1	€ 0.00
1574	HOCHSCHULE MAGDEBURG-STENDAL	0	DE	1	€ 0.00
1593	OPERATOR OF THE POWER – TRANSMISSION SYSTEM OF MACEDONIA	0	nan	1	€ 0.00
1577	IT POWER LIMITED	0	UK	1	€ 0.00
1579	AVANCIS GMBH & CO. KG	0	DE	1	€ 0.00
1580	WUERTH ELEKTRONIK RESEARCH GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 0.00
1581	PSE AG.	0	DE	1	€ 0.00
1582	PHOENIX SOLAR AG	0	DE	1	€ 0.00
1583	RESEARCH CENTER FOR ENERGY, INFORMATICS AND MATERIALS,MACEDONIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND ARTS	0	nan	1	€ 0.00
1584	RUDJER BOSKOVIC INSTITUTE, ZAGREB	0	HR	1	€ 0.00
1585	INSTITUTE FOR PHYSICS	0	HR	1	€ 0.00
1586	SOLAR CELLS, LTD. PRODUCTION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES	0	HR	1	€ 0.00
1587	ROTH&RAU OBERFLAECHENTECHNIK AG	0	DE	1	€ 0.00
1588	FYZIKALNI USTAV AV CR V.V.I.	0	CZ	1	€ 0.00
1589	BIOENGINEERING DOO	0	nan	1	€ 0.00
1590	UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE, FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING	0	nan	1	€ 0.00
1591	RESEARCH CENTER FOR ENERGY, INFORMATICS AND MATERIALS, MACEDONIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS	0	nan	1	€ 0.00
1592	INSTITUTE OF COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS / NTUA	0	EL	1	€ 0.00
1575	SVERIGES PROVNINGS- OCH FORSKNINGSINSTITUT AB	0	SE	1	€ 0.00
2021	TECHNOLOGY ASSISTANCE BCNA 2010 SL	0	ES	1	€ 0.00
1766	GE.IN.CO , ZASTOPSTVA, PRODAJA, D.O.O.	0	SI	1	€ 0.00
2048	INNOVATION EN ALTA TECNOLOGIA SOLAR SL	0	ES	1	€ 0.00
2051	SICES POLSKA SP ZOO	0	PL	1	€ 0.00
1957	CENTRO INTERNAZIONALE DELLA FOTONICA PER ENERGIA	0	IT	1	€ 0.00
1968	UNIVERSITE PAUL CEZANNE AIX MARSEILLE III	0	FR	1	€ 0.00
1992	UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI	0	US	1	€ 0.00
2010	VAST SOLAR PTY LTD	0	AU	1	€ 0.00
2062	RITTER XL SOLAR GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 0.00
2101	AGENTSCHAP VOOR INNOVATIE DOOR WETENSCHAP EN TECHNOLOGIE	0	BE	1	€ 0.00
2109	ILIOTEC SOLAR GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 0.00
2110	SOLARPARC AG	0	DE	1	€ 0.00
2114	JUWI SOLAR GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 0.00
2115	CONERGY SERVICES GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 0.00
2117	SOLON SE	0	DE	1	€ 0.00
2119	IBC SOLAR AG	0	DE	1	€ 0.00
1805	SOLARNI TERMO SISTEMI – STS RAZVOJPROIZVODNJA IN PRODAJA SOLARNIH TERMO SISTEMOV DD	0	SI	1	€ 0.00
1839	HEINEKEN SUPPLY CHAIN B.V	0	NL	1	€ 0.00
1841	GEA BREWERY SYSTEMS GMBH	0	DE	1	€ 0.00
1842	SUNMARK AS	0	DK	1	€ 0.00
1857	CIM-MES PROJEKT SP ZOO	0	PL	1	€ 0.00
1858	O.R.I. MARTIN – ACCIAIERIA E FERRIERA DI BRESCIA SPA*	0	IT	1	€ 0.00
1767	SHAP S.P.A. SOLAR HEAT AND POWER	0	IT	1	€ 0.00
1768	HELBIO S.A. HYDROGEN AND ENERGY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS	0	EL	1	€ 0.00
1769	CISTO MESTO PTUJ, PODJETJE ZA GOSPODARJENJE Z ODPADKI, D.O.O.	0	SI	1	€ 0.00
1770	INSTITUTE NACIONAL DE ENGENHARIA, TECNOLOGIA E INOVAÇAO	0	PT	1	€ 0.00
1771	UNIVERSITY OF NOVA GORICA	0	SI	1	€ 0.00
1772	SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CENTRE BISTRA PTUJ	0	SI	1	€ 0.00
1773	ENERGIE-CITES	0	FR	1	€ 0.00
1774	ECOFYS NETHERLANDS BV	0	NL	1	€ 0.00
1775	ENECO ENERGIE NOORD-HOLLAND	0	NL	1	€ 0.00
1776	STADSDEEL AMSTERDAM-NOORD	0	NL	1	€ 0.00
1777	EIGEN HAARD	0	NL	1	€ 0.00
1778	DE WOONMAATSCHAPPIJ	0	NL	1	€ 0.00
1779	IVAM UVA BV	0	NL	1	€ 0.00
1780	ENERGIA KLUB KORNYEZETVEDELMI EGYESULET	0	HU	1	€ 0.00
1781	BUDAPEST III. KERULET OBUDA-BEKASMEGYER ONKORMANYZAT	0	HU	1	€ 0.00
1783	CENTRAL EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY	0	HU	1	€ 0.00
1784	UNIDENTIFIED PARTNER: ASSOCIATION OF RENTERS	0	HU	1	€ 0.00
1785	BLUELINK FOUNDATION	0	BG	1	€ 0.00
1786	SOFIA OBORISHTE	0	BG	1	€ 0.00
1787	BULGARIAN HOUSING ASSOCIATION	0	BG	1	€ 0.00
1788	UNIDENTIFIED PARTNER: ASSOCIATION OF HOME OWNERS OBORISHTE	0	BG	1	€ 0.00
1789	JOINT STOCK COMPANY EKSERGIJA	0	LT	1	€ 0.00
1790	MUNICIPALITY NIEUWEGEIN	0	NL	1	€ 0.00
1791	MUNICIPALITY PULAWY	0	PL	1	€ 0.00
1792	ENERGIAHATEKONY ONKORMANYZATOK SZOVETSEGE	0	HU	1	€ 0.00
1793	MUNICIPALITY SLAVKOV U BRNA	0	CZ	1	€ 0.00
1794	VILNIUS DISTRICT HEATING COMPANY	0	LT	1	€ 0.00
1795	EUROPEAN SOLAR THERMAL INDUSTRY FEDERATION AISBL	0	BE	1	€ 0.00
1796	PSE GMBH – FORSCHUNG ENTWICKLUNG MARKETING	0	DE	1	€ 0.00
1797	EUROPEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTRES AGENCY E.E.I.G.	0	BE	1	€ 0.00
1782	“ENEMONA” AD (JOINT STOCK COMPANY)	0	BG	1	€ 0.00
1919	BIOENERGY EUROPE	0	BE	1	€ 0.00
1922	EUROPEAN GEOTHERMAL ENERGY COUNCIL	0	BE	1	€ 0.00
1929	NEW ENERGY ALGERIA	0	DZ	1	€ 0.00
1931	TURBOMACH SA	0	CH	1	€ 0.00
1859	INGETEK SISTEMAS SA	0	ES	1	€ 0.00
1938	CENTRE INTERNACIONAL DE METODES NUMERICS EN ENGINYERIA	0	ES	1	€ 0.00
1932	GEA TECHNIKA CIEPLNA SP.Z.O.O.	0	PL	1	€ 0.00
1861	BIOS BIOENERGIESYSTEME GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 0.00
1862	SOLAR.NAHWAERME.AT ENERGIECONTRACTING GMBH	0	AT	1	€ 0.00
1863	FORSTEEL SRO	0	CZ	1	€ 0.00
1864	AERMEC SPA	0	IT	1	€ 0.00
1865	AIGUASOL CONSULTING SCCL	0	ES	1	€ 0.00
1866	STADT GRAZ	0	AT	1	€ 0.00
1868	VIVIENDA Y SUELO DE EUSKADI, S.A.	0	ES	1	€ 0.00
1869	AYUNTAMIENTO DE VITORIA-GASTEIZ	0	ES	1	€ 0.00
1870	EMI EPITESUGYI MINOSEGELLENORZO INNOVACIOS NONPROFIT KFT	0	HU	1	€ 0.00
1871	INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OFSTAVANGER AS	0	NO	1	€ 0.00
1872	SZENTENDRE VAROS ONKORMANYZAT POLGARMESTERI HAVATAL	0	HU	1	€ 0.00
1873	SANDNES KOMMUNE	0	NO	1	€ 0.00
1874	ROGALAND FYLKESKOMMUNE	0	NO	1	€ 0.00
1875	VAROSI SZOLGALTATO ZARTKORUEN MUKODO RESZVENYTARSASAG	0	HU	1	€ 0.00
1876	METEOR MERNOKI TANACSADO ES SZOLGALTATO BETETI TARSASAG	0	HU	1	€ 0.00
1878	DALE EIENDOMSUTVIKLING AS	0	NO	1	€ 0.00
1903	LIMBURGSE RECONVERSIE MAATSCHAPPIJ NV	0	BE	1	€ 0.00
1905	INFRAX	0	BE	1	€ 0.00
1877	ENTE VASCO DE LA ENERGIA	0	ES	1	€ 0.00

Table of all Solar projects in Cordis database

	URL	project_name	project_title	country_inst_partner	fossil_partner	x1_partner	x2_partner	start_date	end_date	signature_date	funding_program	total_cost	total_subsidy	subsidy_country_inst_partners	subsidy_fossil_partners	subsidy_x1_partners	subsidy_x2_partners	legal_basis	topics	objective	euroSciVocCode	euroSciVocPath	euroSciVocTitle	classed
72	JOUR0080	nan	Photovoltaic central power station for remote areas in Spain	ALLGEMEINE ELEKTRIZITÄTS GESELLSCHAFT AG (AEG), INSTITUT FUER SOLARE ENERGIEVERSORGUNGSTECHNIK E.V, UNION ELÉCTRICA FENOSA SA, WIRTSCHAFT UND INFRASTRUKTUR GMBH & CO PLANUNGS KG	BP OIL INTERNATIONAL LTD			1990-08-01	1993-12-31		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	To conduct engineering design and development sufficiently to permit the subsequent procurement, installation, and operation of a 1 MW PV central power plant in the 1992 time frame. A key research objective is to demonstrate and evaluate a combined operation of a medium-sized hydroelectric plant and a large PV plant, resulting in the conservation of water in the reservoir. Engineering design and development is being carried out in order to permit the subsequent procurement, installation, and operation of a 1 MW PV central power plant in a remote area of Spain. A combined operation involving a medium sized hydroelectric plant and a large photovoltaic (PV) plant are under evaluation resulting in the conversation of water in the reservoir. An important element of the project is to see to what extent the water reservoir can be used indirectly as an energy storage medium. Results so far have shown that: high power PV modules can be used to reduce the cost of the project; 15% ‘saturn cell’ module efficiency is available on a production level; a new type of IGBT inverter can be employed. The work Programme consists of the following main tasks: 1) Definition of design baseline and trade-off options, 2) An evaluation of selected large plants in Europe, USA, and Japan, including site visits as necessary, 3) Site evaluation/selection, 4) A detailed analysis of hydroelectric plant energy output profile and water reservoir table vs. generator output relationship, 5) Solar/weather data collection at the selected site, including installation of the monitoring system, 6) Environmental impact assessment, 7) A survey of available hardware and selection for preliminary cost analysis purposes, 8) An assessment of plant lifetime (e.g., 20 vs. 30 years), which affects life-cycle-cost results, and definition of technology needs, 9) Detailed design of the PV plant and civil works, including trade-offs of major cost elements of the PV plant, such as: – Centralized vs. dispersed configuration (mainly involving the PV source circuits and inverters), – The size of the PV module and/or pre-assembled panel, – Type and size of inverters, – Array structures, – Array orientations (including fixed vs. tracking), 10) preparation of bid packages and acquisition of offers; a preliminary cost analysis is included here to assist in the definition of the final baseline configuration, 11) Economic analysis, and 12) preparation of plant monitoring and operation/maintenance plan. The project will be carried out basically in two phases: the planning and assessment phase covering Tasks 1-7 above, and in the detailed design/analysis phase, Tasks 8-12. An important element of the project is the research work to see to what extent the water reservoir can be used indirectly as an energy storage medium. This is related to the idea of the conservation of water in the small- to medium-size reservoirs. Thus, rather than the conventional pumped-water approach, the aim is to reduce the water consumption for hydroelectric energy generation by using PV energy, especially in the summer months.				F
155	JOU20418	EUCLIDES	European concentrated light intensity development of energy sources	UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID, UNIVERSITY OF READING, CENTER FOR SOLAR ENERGY AND HYDROGEN RESEARCH BADEN-WÜRTEMBERG	BP SOLAR LTD			1994-01-01	1995-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP3-JOULE 2	304	The goal of this project is design all the components of a system to generate electricity by the photovoltaic effect using a large area optical collector to focus sunlight onto a small area solar cell. The system is to be designed so that a collector and solar assembly are capable of being manufactured in volume at a cost of 161.4 ECU/m2 of aperture area with an incident energy to electricity conversion efficiency of 17.3% which will give an electricity production cost of 0.08 ECU/kWh. in the climate of Madrid. At least one functioning prototype system will be implemented. Cost studies have shown that large concentrating systems have the highest potential to produce photovoltaic electricity in Europe at close to fossil fuel generation costs. The potential of such systems has been relatively ignored in Europe yet all the skills exist in component manufacture and design expertise for such systems to be constructed in Europe. Investigations will be undertaken to specify and prove the design of the three major components of a photovoltaic concentrating system. These are the optical concentrating element, the photovoltaic receiver and the supporting structure which enables the optical element to track the sun. The preferred optical concentrating element is the parabolic mirror which is manufactured in Europe in high volume for solar thermal applications. The suitability of this mirror for solar PV use will be evaluated and if necessary alternatives will be proven. Solar cells are already well developed under the JOULE 11 MONOCHESS programme and methods of encapsulation and the design of the heat sink will be accomplished in the project. The design of the tracking structure will be a modification of the system already in use at the Toledo 1 MWp facility. In addition alternative low cost systems for small remote site power systems for the Developing World will be evaluated as will methods of reducing reflection from the metallisation of the solar cells. A prototype system to the optimised design will constructed and its performance evaluated against the cost criteria in the project goals. A successful development could be used in power generation in Europe particularly in the Mediterranean countries.				F
177	JOU20243	nan	The CdTe Thin Film Solar Cell. Study of selected technical aspects	UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM, UNIVERSITY OF NORTHUMBRIA AT NEWCASTLE, ANTEC – ANGEWANDTE NEUE TECHNOLOGIEN GMBH, CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE, GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FÖRDERUNG DER INDUSTRIEORIENTIERTEN FORSCHUNG AN DER SCHWEIZERISCHEN ETH, MICROCHEMISTRY LTD., UNIVERSITEIT GENT, UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI PARMA, UNIVERSITY OF BATH	BP SOLAR LTD			1992-12-01	1995-11-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP3-JOULE 2	30402	The CdTe thin film solar cell has achieved the highest efficiency of all such cells. To reach a better understanding of the critical steps and apply it to improving the production of commercial cells, the project will concentrate on what are, at present, the most critical aspects of the CdTe thin film solar cell, namely : – The CdS-film, which strongly determines the opto-electronic as well as the morphological properties of the cell. – The CdTe-film, which which plays a determining role in the electronic properties of the finished cell, such as series resistance and maximum open-circuit voltage. Main aspects are : Doping and contacting the CdTe film, and the activation process utilizing the empirically optimized CdCl2-process. A strong interaction between the partners in this project will prevail in the exchange of semi-completed cells, their study and completion as operative cells by the various techniques. In a joint effort all partners will try to define optimised process steps for production of the CdTe thin film solar cell and evaluate their influence on the production processes. This will lead to a better understanding of the cell in general and the introduction of procedures suitable to low cost production of high-efficiency cells. Nine partners from six European countries including two EFTA countries have joined the project. They are using different deposition techniques for CdTe and various analytical methods.				F
178	JOU20038	nan	Renewable energy strategies	ROYAL INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS	ENEL SPA			1992-12-01	1993-11-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP3-JOULE 2	30408	This project examines the policy issues entailed in promoting renewable sources of energy. The principal focus is on the appropriate institutional structures, optimum governmental policies and the financial commitment required to promote alternatives to fossil fuels. The rationale for the focus on non-fossil sources is both from a CO2 emissions reductions perspective as well as that of security of energy supplies. The scope of the project will be as follows : The scope of the project will be as follows : 1 technological fixes. 1 Energy resources and technological fixes. Includes, economic status and projections of four key technologies examined in detail: wind; biomass Includes, economic status and projections of four key technologies examined in detail: wind; biomass for electricity biomass for liquid fuels; for electricity biomass for liquid fuels; photovoltaics. Applications and systems. Optimum market size and efficiency issues. photovoltaics. European RD&D programmes. 2 Market stimulation in developing countries. Optimum market size and efficiency issues. A Euro-centric focus on the potential for renewable energies in developing countries for example in technology transfer and trade. European RD&D programmes. 3 The UK and the European Community. Including, the role of the European 2 A Euro-centric focus on the potential for renewable energies in developing utilities in the deployment of renewable energy. countries for example in technology transfer and trade. 4 Situation in Europe in the field Interest in alternatives to fossil fuels has revived in response to growing environmental pressures, resource 3 Including, the role of the European utilities in the deployment of concerns and the difficulties facing nuclear power. renewable energy. 5 Reason to undertake it at European level The study includes an analysis of how current institutions and funding 4 Interest in alternatives to fossil fuels has revived in response to growing have developed and how they compare against likely future requirements and opportunities. environmental pressures, resource concerns and the difficulties facing nuclear power. Conclusions include how development and deployment of renewable energy technologies can best be encouraged within the context of the European 5 Community. The study includes an analysis of how current institutions and funding have developed and how they compare against likely future requirements and 6 Expected results and examples of possible applications Future requirements for the scale and nature of support will be opportunities. Conclusions include how development and deployment of renewable energy determined,including optimum national policy instruments, if renewables are to make substantial contributions to sustainable energy supplies. technologies can best be encouraged within the context of the European Community. 6 Future requirements for the scale and nature of support will be determined, including optimum national policy instruments, if renewables are to make substantial contributions to sustainable energy supplies.				F
194	JOU20140	MONOCHESS II	Concepts of high efficiency silicon solar cells. Monocrystalline part. Phase II	EUROPEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTERS AGENCY – EUREC AGENCY EEIG, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MIKRO-ELEKTRONICA CENTRUM VZW, E.N.E. SA – ENERGIES NOUVELLES ET ENVIRONNEMENT, FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V.*, FORSCHUNGSVERBUND BERLIN E.V., SIEMENS SOLAR GMBH, UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID, UNIVERSIDAD DEL PAIS VASCO	BP SOLAR LTD			1992-11-01	1995-10-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP3-JOULE 2	30401	This project concerns the improvement of the cost effectiveness of monocrystalline silicon solar cells. This will be done by increasing cell efficiency, with the consideration that the increase in efficiency must not involve any increase in manufacturing costs above a certain level. Two new industrial cell structures will be developed and evaluated for the purpose, back etched screen printing (BESP) cells and Electro-Plated Grid (EPG) cells. The project objectives included some very ambitious targets for efficiency levels. Nevertheless these targets were achieved in most cases, or were very close to being achieved. For example, a process was developed to manufacture large monocrystalline cells based on screen printing. This resulted in the production of solar cells with 17.3% efficiency, against a target of 18%. Another important achievement was the development of low cost concentration cells based on the one sun commercial LGBG type cells investigated. These have permitted the development of a PV concentrator module that is now in the demonstration stage, and is expected to lead to significant cost reductions. The improvements in efficiency levels represent a huge success: at the start of the project, the European crystalline silicon solar cell industry lagged behind its American and Japanese rivals. The results from this project, MONOCHESS II, have helped the industry in Europe to bridge that technology gap. In the laboratory cells using the resources of microelectronics are to be developed, without regard to the cost, as a means of understanding high efficiency cell operation and of assessing the different processing steps to be included in industrial procedures. The project is also concerned with the development of low cost concentration cells, also, and here cells of a novel structure: the Laser Grooved Buried Grid (LGBG) cells, having already demonstrated their feasibility for solar applications will be developed for concentration. As in the preceding case all the resources of microelectronics will also be applied to the understanding of the operation of the cell under concentration and of assessing the possible fabrication steps. The cooperation is based on the distribution of tasks among the partners and the share of the results. Beyond this it provides a unique environment, worldwide, for mutual intellectual enrichment.				F
215	6092	IDEM	Integrated Domestic Energy Management	ZELTRON SPA, LANDIS & GYR, HELGECO, LINKOEPING UNIVERSITY, EASL, NADA CONSULTING GROUP, MARI APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES LTD	ENEL SPA			1992-06-08	1995-06-07		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP3-ESPRIT 3	nan	The IDEM project addresses the intersection between two IT application sectors which have far developed independently. These are the Home Systems sector, and the Energy supply sector. The project is therefore concerned with the use of IT and communications to implement various aspects of energy management, which is the main point of interest in this intersection. By this we include: – integration of multiple/alternative energy sources, in particular wind, solar and conventional supply, in order to optimise the use of electrical sources or overcome the problem of supplying the energy to isolated customers or areas with low power supply capacity, with special attention to energy conservation aspects; – load and demand management at the utility level, to achieve objectives such as efficiency, profitability, improved customer’s services and better environmental impact; – load and energy management in the domestic environment, using the European Home Systems Specifications. The project will take a systems approach to the use of information, communications and control technology in the overall management of the energy supply and use in the domestic environment. It will build on the results of earlier and current ESPRIT projects in the Home Systems area, using the components (IC) as well as the HS Specifications V 1.1 as well as subsystems, like the IDEA-TV device.				F
217	JOU20152	nan	Comparative review of design criteria for multimegawatt PV plants	IBERDROLA SA, ENTE NAZIONALE PER L’ENERGIA ELETTRICA SPA (ENEL), UNION ELÉCTRICA FENOSA SA, WIRTSCHAFT UND INFRASTRUKTUR GMBH & CO PLANUNGS KG	RWE ENERGIE AG			1993-01-01	1995-05-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP3-JOULE 2	30204	The purpose of this study is to compare and analyse the design criteria for multi-megawatt PhotoVoltaic plants, with the aim of optimizing the BOS (balance of system) design practices through the best technical-economic choices. This project resulted in the identification of many technology development issues. It concluded that the whole area of DC and AC circuit grounding must be reviewed, consolidated and standardised. To ensure initial module matching, quality control and degradation determination, the nameplate on each PV module should list representative data, including actual test data at two sets of operating conditions. A systematic approach to the sizing of the inverter, and in general for all utility interface criteria, is currently lacking. This, and especially inverter power quality, should be standardised. On-site and off-site monitoring in near real-time is critically important, as is monitoring criteria for large central PV plants. It is also concluded that, generally the pre-assembly of PV panels improves the projects overall costs. The current lack of widely accepted standards for array grounding and lightning protection is still a major problem for large and utility-scale PV applications. The goal is to facilitate the wider use of PV as a viable renewable energy option for generating electric power. The study will address systems with a capacity on the order of 1 MW or larger (up to 10 MWp). A key objective is to provide details and recommendations on criteria and practices for design, hardware procurement, installation, test, and operational aspects. The scope of this study is confined to the array field, balance of system (BOS), safety, and quality control. The basic approach is to produce design criteria and practices for multi-MW, grid-connected PV plants. The key issues and topics will first be identified by the collaborators who are familiar with the problems of designing, installing, and operating large PV plants. Study topics will include: site selection and preparation; grid requirements; safety; PV plant layout; array field electrical circuit design; module and panel design; d.c. electrical circuit hardware and installation; array field layout; installation of structures and panels/modules; support structures/foundation design and materials; site and structure grounding; fault detection and protection; power conditioning; utility interface design practices; quality control. Intermediate and final reports will be prepared.				F
229	RENA940008	MUSIC FM	Multi-megawatt upscaling of silicon and thin film solar cell and module manufacture	UNIVERSITY OF NORTHUMBRIA AT NEWCASTLE, BP SOLAR LTD, CRYSTALOX LTD., FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V.*, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MIKRO-ELEKTRONICA CENTRUM VZW, PHOTOTRONICS SOLARTECHNIK, UTRECHT UNIVERSITY, UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA, UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID, CENTER FOR SOLAR ENERGY AND HYDROGEN RESEARCH BADEN-WÜRTEMBERG	RWE SCHOTT SOLAR GMBH, BP SOLAR LTD			1995-01-01	1996-06-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0, -1.0]	[]	[]	FP3-RENA	nan	To meet the needs for carbon dioxide reduction in Europe and to meet the energy needs of the Worlds Poorest People large scale photovoltaic manufacturing plants need to be established in Europe. A factory capable of producing 500 Mwp p.a. is considered essential in the ‘power for the World’ initiative. This is about 100 times larger than the largest PV factory at present in Europe.Many questions must be addressed to realise this scale of manufacture. The chosen technology is silicon based as the major worldwide production technology. A network of 10 major proposers has been assembled to study each step in the high volume manufacture of silicon modules from basic feedstocks to final environmental impact. The study has been broken down into 7 sub-tasks each of which has 3 or 4 contributing proposers with a sub-task leader. Each sub task will review current technology,look at any bottlenecks or materials availability limitations. The study will recommend how each manufacturing step can be performed at the 500 Mwp p.a. level the cost of the necessary equipment and the cost of product. The study will identify unknowns to be resolved by R&D study in the 4th framework programme. The study will look at the effect of scaling to project the final if module costs at 10, 50, 100 and 500 Mwp p.a. throughput. The study will direct the process optimisation necessary to achieve the target for the year 2000 of 1 ECU/module Watt at STC.				F
238	JOU20303	nan	Strengthening cooperation among leading utilities on development and integration of renewable energies	ELFORSK – SWEDISH ELECTRICAL UTILITIES’ RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, ENTE NAZIONALE PER L’ENERGIA ELETTRICA SPA (ENEL), RWE ENERGIE AG, TECNOLOGIA ENERGIA AMBIENTE MATERIALI SRL, UNION ELÉCTRICA FENOSA SA, UNIVERSIDAD DE LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA, WIRTSCHAFT UND INFRASTRUKTUR GMBH & CO PLANUNGS KG	RWE POWER AG, RWE ENERGIE AG			1994-01-01	1996-06-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0, -1.0]	[]	[]	FP3-JOULE 2	302	The project will examine the current technical and economical boundary conditions and the future perspectives of the appplication and integration of Renewable Energy Technologies, in particular wind power, solar power (PV), hydro power and biomass in the electricity supply sytems of European and Developing countries. The detailed and critical analysis of RE Technologies provided by the project should enable the EU, the utilities and producing industries to develop and improve their R&D and business strategies. The project will be carried out by members of EURE (European Utilities for Renewable Energy) group, which was set up in 1990 to accelerate technological readiness and market integration of RE. The combination of skills, expertise and know-how of participating companies should not only provide considerable benefit to the productivity of this project, but should lead to a further strenghtening and cooperation among utilities and research organisations in the field of RE. While RE technology is improved and demonstrated in many other research projects, this project mainly deals with the next step, namely to look at the critical issues of the implementation of RE on a larger scale e.g. economics, Distributed Uitlity concept, technology transfer and markets. The Work Programme is subdivided into three areas: Area 1 ‘Critical review of innovative renewable enrgy projects for utility applications’; Area 2 ‘Technology transfer to Eastren Europe and Developing Countries’; Area 3 ‘Utility integration of PV generation under the Distributed Utility concept. (..continued)				F
240	RENA940027	nan	PV for the world’s villages. Network to catalyse sustainable large-scale integration of PV in developing countries	EUROPEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTERS AGENCY – EUREC AGENCY EEIG, EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR SOLAR ENERGY, SERVICE INGÉNERIE DÉVELOPPEMENT ET FORMATION, UNIVERSITÄT KARLSRUHE (TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE)	BP SOLAR LTD			1995-01-01	1996-09-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP3-RENA	nan	The aim of this project is to catalyze sustainable large scale integration of PV in developing countries. Therefore, a ready-to-implement-plan for a global PV electrification of villages in developing countries will be developed. Partners from Europe and from developing countries will cooperate together on the development of these plans. Research institutes, PV experts, technology transfer centres, industries, governments and local partners in developing countries aw well as UN and other international organisations will be included in and contribute to the common project work. Standardized PV systems will be defined in order to make sure that the hardware used for the PV village electrification will be adapted to the real needs and will have an excellent quality while being simple, cheap, easy to be used. Extreme importance will be given to the optimum matching of end user’s needs and energy services provided by the equipment. A global PV village electrification plan including thoroughly elaborated financing schemes will be developed for countries which are ready for the implementation of very decentral PV village electrification schemes and whose governments are willing to cooperate and contribute to the large-scale PV electrification of villages. The plan will include the blueprint planning for the PV electrification of villages in those cooperating countries that are ready for the realization of the electrification plan. The Ministries for Energy/National Energy Boards of those countries that will be investigated as candidate participants of the PV village electrification plan declared their interest and readiness to collaborate and to contribute. This project will set a loop of mutual interest for Europe and developing countries going: The work accomplished will give a direct contribution to the electrification of the third world villages. The related increasing demand for PV systems in developing countries will create jobs and enhance the chance for PV massproduction in Europe, thus lowering production costs and product prices. In addition, the obtained know-how and decentral energy supply schemes will be extremely beneficial for PV applications in Europe, especially in the Mediterranean area, on islands and in the rural parts of European regions.				F
250	JOU20065	nan	Solar power module for large scale application	RWE SCHOTT SOLAR GMBH, EUROSOLARE SPA	ENEL SPA, RWE SCHOTT SOLAR GMBH, RWE ENERGIE AG			1993-11-01	1995-06-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[]	[]	FP3-JOULE 2	30204	The objectives of the research are to: 1. optimize the electrical interconnection between modules for cost efficiency and reliability 2. avoid bypass diodes in the internal wiring of large area modules 3. reduce costs for mounting (possible techniques: clamp elements for frameless modules) 4. achieve better insulation and less humidity penetration by improved encapsulation. 1. Modifying and optimizing the current electrical interconnection system between modules in respect to more cost effective wiring and improvement of reliability at higher DC operation voltages (>1000V). 2. Modifying the internal wiring of NUKEM of cells strings inside the large area modules in order to avoid bypass diodes. 3. Modifying the current mounting technique for standard 36 cell modules of ANIT and large area modules of NUKEM to reduce costs as far as possible for mounting (possible techniques: clamp elements for frameless modules). 4. Evaluating different encapsulation materials in order to reach better insulation and less humidity penetration.				F
255	RENA940047	nan	European initiative to promote a sustainable PV market in India for decentralised electrification	IED – INNOVATION ENERGIE DÉVELOPPEMENT S.A.R.L., PHOTOWATT INTERNATIONAL SA	BP SOLAR LTD			1995-01-01	1996-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP3-RENA	nan	The potential market for PV services in India is today beyond any doubt, as current situation is : .market potential is significative with around 70000 villages to be supplied with decentralised power, .needs in terms of solar home, pumping and community systems, .there is, in India, a real interest (political) for renewable energies. However, the market has to date not reached a large scale commercial dissemination due to technical, institutional and financing reasons. This project allies the interests and competences of the following partners for the development of large scale implementation schemes of PV in India : .It rests upon the interests and implication of Indian institutions : -The Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA), -The Rural Electrification Corporation (REC). .The European industry, BPSolar (UK) and PHOTOWATT (FR), with their local partners, TATA and INDFOS .European consultancy expertise in the field of dissemination of small scale energy systems with IED/ATN and its local partners. The objectives are : 1.1 assess the existing pilot projects from technical and industrial aspects, 1.2 analyse the institutional, financial, industrial and commercial networks which could be mobilised for such large scale PV dissemination programmes 1.3 select 3 pilot States of India for which action plans would be formulated, 1.4 organize an international workshop for large scale dissemination, 2.1 develop the framework and capacities in the 3 States for pre-competitive support to European PV industry, 2.2 identify and formulate the required networks to reach remote rural places 2.3 implement pilot dissemination programmes, harnessing available resources. The pilot scheme will be avaluated for dissemination in a national seminar. The expected outputs are : .establish the enabling framework for large scale dissemination of PV, .provide relevant elements to European industry and know how for participation in India in the most required areas.				F
258	JOU20398	SICRYT	Silicon crystalline thin film solar cells	CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE, EUROPEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTERS AGENCY – EUREC AGENCY EEIG, HAHN-MEITNER-INSTITUT BERLIN GMBH	BP SOLAR LTD			1994-01-01	1995-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP3-JOULE 2	304	The aim of the project is the investigation of silicon crystalline thin film solar cells, including the laboratory production of such cells by high temperature deposition on lowcost silicon substrates, by low temperature deposition on glass and using ceramic substrates. This development has the potential to result in future cost effective industrial processing techniques. Crystalline silicon thin film solar cells will be produced by two different approaches: The high temperature approach using temperature stable substrates and CVD of silicon, followed by standard cell processing steps (TASK 1), The low temperature approach using glass as substrate and plasma-assisted CVD (PE-CVD) of silicon, preferably combined with direct emitter deposition (TASK 2). For the high temperature approach low-cost silicon substrates will be studied first, but on the long run substrates on the basis of ceramics offer the possibility of further cost reduction. Therefore, the possibilities for the development of special ceramic sheets for this purpose will be another item of research (TASK 3). The goal is to reach 14% efficiency on 2×2 or 5x5cm2 solar cells by the high temperature approach (TASK 1), 8% efficiency on 1cm2 cells for the low temperature approach (TASK 2) and to propose useful ceramic substrates (TASK 3). Thin films seem to have substantial technical and economic benefits, especially when combined with the ernvironmentally benign crystalline silicon technology. If the project leads to technologies that could be transfered to industrial production, this would have a strong impact on further development in the field of crystalline silicon technology at the European industry. There would be a chance to develop continuous processes that would easily be adaptable to real mass production. This approach may also pave the way for a cell processing based on areas larger than the usual 100 x 100 mm2 unit wafers, a means to reduce the cost for module fabrication.				F
321	BRPR980750	nan	Recycling and reprocessing of reclaimed cells to enhance the cost effectiveness of photovoltaic modules	SOLTECH NV, TEULADES I FACANES MULTIFUNCIONALS SA, ENERGY RESEARCH CENTRE OF THE NETHERLANDS, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MIKRO-ELECTRONIKA CENTRUM VZW, SEGHERS BETTER TECHNOLOGY FOR SERVICES + MACHINERY	BP SOLAR LTD			1998-08-01	2001-07-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-BRITE/EURAM 3	204	Objectives and content The main objective of the project is to make a cost effective operation of the dismantling of photovoltaic modules by recycling and reclaiming the most important components as silicon wafer, glass sheet and aluminium frame. The cost effectiveness of the operation is mainly determined by the cost of the reclaimed silicon wafer. First calculation leads to a reclaimed wafer cost of only 10% to 20% of a normal virgin wafer cost which has a very big impact on the cost of the photovoltaic module. This recycling operation will inject a considerably amount of silicon wafers into the photovoltaic market which has a positive effect on the supply/demand relation of silicon wafers for photovoltaics. Two technologies are proposed: the hot acid immersion technology and the fluidised bed cleaning. Both methods will be further developed and evaluated on the respective cost effectiveness.				F
329	JOR3980275	nan	Certification and standarization issues for a sustainable PV market indeveloping countries	ELECTRICITE DE FRANCE SERVICE NATIONAL*, IED – INNOVATION ENERGIE DÉVELOPPEMENT S.A.R.L., UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID, COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, PHOTOWATT INTERNATIONAL SA	BP SOLAR LTD			1998-07-01	2001-06-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3010104	PROJECT OBJECTIVES The scientific objectives of the project are: to compile information about the state-of-the-art of PV rural electrification in developing countries using a multidisciplinar perspective (technical, economical and organisational); to develop a range of adequate quality control procedures for systems, components and manufacturing processes, which will foster collaborative establishment of European industry in developing countries. TECHNICAL APPROACH The predominant feature of this project lies in its multi-disciplinary approach of the technical aspects, involving research institutes, energy service and rural development consultants, European industrials and a utility in collaboration with local authorities, industry and endusers of selected developing countries to validate procedures that the research will develop. The methodology adopted to cover quality control issues is to establish certification procedures adapted to the markets to be approached and to the structure of local industry. Local assessment of demand is also a prerequisite to evaluate the level and type of needs to be met. Research will be made using all the previous various studies done or on-going on PV system specifications and results from last ten years PV electrification pilot projects. Different initiatives are known which are currently trying to establish technical standards of universal application. It is worth to note that such initiatives are restricted to Solar Home Systems and to equipments only, while this project covers a much broader spectrum of PV applications: PV Generators of different sizes, pumping, Community uses, manufacturing process and installation and after sales services. EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS After the research and development phase, procedures will be largely disseminated to rural electrification market actors for use (industrialists, financiers, cooperation organisations, research centres and laboratories and any other relevant institutions) in order to promote them and to make field adaptations. Acceptance of quality control procedures by the international community is a real opportunity for Europe to step in the world wide rural electrification market with a strong position. At the end of the research a range of adequate quality control procedures for PV systems, components and manufacturing processes will be established. These procedures will be delivered after having been validated through country pilot testing. Regarding exploitation plans, the target is the use of the procedures developed within the research project by the international community.				F
330	JOR3980225	nan	PV en face ! Low-cost, high-quality concepts for facade integrated PV systems	ECOFYS B.V., TEULADES I FACANES MULTIFUNCIONALS SA, ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE	BP SOLAR LTD			1998-08-01	2000-10-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3030102	Objective PV en face! aims at the development of a number of facade integration design concepts, applying a design strategy with strong emphasis on low-cost, yet high-quality, building integration techniques. Although innovative mounting concepts are currently being developed for PV in tilted and flat roofs, this is not the case for PV facades, despite the good market perspectives for PV integration into facades. At the moment, PV facades still use tailor-made solutions requiring case by case engineering, installation by specialists and custom made modules. These tailor made solutions lead to high-quality, yet high-price solutions. However, high-quality though low-cost concepts are required to achieve a future breakthrough in the market for PV facades, the main reason for initiating PV en face! Approach PV en face! will treat add-on and facade integrated concepts both using different thermal properties and thus ensuring a wide spread applicability throughout the different Northern and Mediterranean European climates. PV en face! utilises an interactive design strategy, divided into four tasks: 1. Facade technology assessment Identify commonly used facade technologies throughout Europe. 2. Pre-designs and prototypes . Develop preliminary designs with emphasis on cost minimisation, standardisation, aesthetics and wide-spread applicability on European level. 3. In- and outdoor testing. Test prototypes, alter preliminary design, repeat test, set pre-design. 4. Pre-design conclusions Evaluate designs, recommend further design actions, real-scale pilot projects, market consortia, commercialisation. PV en face! pre-designs will be ready for benchmarking, commercialisation and subsequent marketing on the European level. Achievements Achievement of PV en face ! objectives will lead to the following benefits: 1. Near-term system cost reduction up to 25 %, through costs minimisation related to materials, engineering and system installation (standardised designs, tuned to everyday cladding work), usage of standard, mass-produced modules and full integration of cabling and grid interconnection into the mounting system. 2. Improved market acceptance of PV cladding technology by builders throughout Europe, through using general accepted mounting concepts and tuning of these mounting concepts to regular European cladding methods.				F
331	JOR3950080	nan	High efficiency crystalline silicon thin film solar cells	EUROPEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTERS AGENCY – EUREC AGENCY EEIG, BP SOLAR LTD, MAX-PLANCK-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER WISSENSCHAFTEN E.V.	RWE SCHOTT SOLAR GMBH, BP SOLAR LTD			1996-01-01	1997-12-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0, -1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Objectives In recent years, thin film solar cells on the basis of crystalline silicon have found growing interest since they offer an ideal combination of useful properties of the silicon technology with the advantages of thin film techniques. They have the potential of good and stable efficiencies and on the other hand would guarantee low materials consumption. Large-area deposition techniques would be a potential alternative to the present technologies for mass production of self-supporting individual silicon solar cells using mostly ingot crystallization and wafering by mechanical sawing. This project undertakes a substantial research and development effort in the field of crystalline silicon thin film solar cells, with the main emphasis on high temperature chemical vapour deposition techniques, keeping in mind (low-cost) manufacturability and it has three main objectives: – to show the technical applicability of high efficiency solar cell designs to thin films; – to demonstrate the potential of low-cost manufacturing technologies; – to demonstrate the potential of low-cost substrates. Technical Approach Following a compromise strategy between high risk options and well-known technologies, three different tasks will cover the different aspects of the approach: Task 1 focuses on principal questions related to the crystalline silicon thin film solar cells, including the applicability of high efficiency designs to thin films, and the problems related to optical and electrical confinement. Task 2 addresses the main economic questions related to the thin film approach, namely the availability of low-cost large-area deposition techniques and the development of relatively simple techniques for the different steps in cell technology. Task 3 is related to the question whether non-silicon materials like ceramics are a solution for the substrate problem for high temperature silicon deposition, and what the consequences are for the module technique. Expected Achievements and Exploitation The project addresses a number of very important questions in the field of the crystalline silicon thin film cell. Although the basic understanding of the structure is common knowledge, there are a number of crucial problems associated with the practical realization of this type of thin film structure. Results are expected on all essential details: – the modelling of the ultimate device structure – the optimization of the critical optical and electrical confinement – the elaboration of high quality but cost-effective deposition techniques for Si – the solution of the low-cost substrate problem. The work plan also includes a thorough evaluation of the cost reduction potential for the manufacture of silicon thin films, the single most crucial step in the manufacturing process.				F
336	JOR3970146	PRIDE	Prefabrication of roof integrated PV systems	ECOFYS B.V., UNIDEK BOUWELEMENTEN BV	RWE ENERGIE AG			1997-05-01	1999-04-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	One of the main barriers that impede large scale application of PV in buildings is that the realisation of high-tech building integrated PV (BIPV) systems is poorly tuned to the regular on-site low-tech building process and therefore too time consuming and expensive. PRIDE aims at the improved integration of PV in the regular building process through joint industrial prefab PV roof development by building industry, PV industry and utility sector, being the logical next step, now that the advantages of building integration have been proved and have appointed a key role to the, building sector. PRIDE will lead to cost reduction, quality improvement and enhanced market acceptance of BIPV, by builders and utilities. First experiments in the Netherlands, show that industrial prefabrication is technically feasible and has a good cost and time reduction potential. In addition the concept is very promising as a result of the fact that there is a general trend towards industrial prefabrication in the building industry. The following innovative aspects can be mentioned: . Strong collaboration between PV industry and building industry; . Precabling and premounting of PV systems prior to installation on the building site; . Use of industrial prefabrication technology for BIPV; The activities of PRIDE will start withthe definition of a program of requirements based on the knowledge and experience of the project partners and additional information on state-of-the-art and future developments in industrial prefabrication. With the programme of requirements, a number designs will be developed both for southern and northern European climates and optimised with respect to price/performance ratio. The selected designs will be prototyped and tested on constructional, building physical and electrotechnical properties. During the last phase the development of the prefab PV roof element will be evaluated and strategic R,D&D priorities will be described. Expected achievements are: 1. 50 % reduction of BOS costs, mainly by cutting down on-site installation; 2. Full integration of PV in the building process, leading to better applicability and improved market acceptance of PV technology by the building sector throughout Europe; 3. Improved quality of BIPV through the transfer of the high-tech PV installation activities from the low-tech building site to industrial production sites; 4. Improved architectural and aesthetic quality of BIPV through the integrated design. It is foreseen that the project will be followed by the realisation of pilot projects and subsequent marketing of the PV roof concept as designed by the PRIDE consortium PRIDE partners are Ecofys, VELUX, RWE, UNIDEK, Institut fur Industrialisierung des Bauens, R&S Renewable Energy Systems and ENEL.				F
337	JOR3980234	nan	Commercial process outline for crystalline silicon thin film solar cells and modules	ENERGY RESEARCH CENTRE OF THE NETHERLANDS, CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE, FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V.*, ANGEWANDTE SOLARENERGIE – ASE GMBH, CENTROTHERM ELEKTRISCHE ANLAGEN GMBH & CO KG, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MIKRO-ELECTRONIKA CENTRUM VZW	BP SOLAR LTD			1998-06-01	2000-05-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020101	Thin film technologies to fabricate solar cells offer a high potential for a breakthrough in production cost since they consume less materials and ease the introduction of mass production techniques, as compared to the currently dominating wafer-based silicon technology. One of the most promising of these thin film approaches is the crystalline silicon thin film cell. A consortium has been formed by partners from industry and from research organisations to investigate the potential of the new technology. The main goals are : – to define a cell concept appropriate to an industrial product – to show the feasibility of essential process steps – to perform a careful economic process evaluation In this project, only the high temperature approach for the silicon deposition will be discussed, and for economic reasons only chlorosilanes are discussed as silicon source. This limits the substrate materials to those that can withstand temperatures of higher than 1000 C, and which are chemically stable in contact with silicon at this high temperature. Furthermore, it has been decided to focus mainly on substrate materials based on silicon. This can be silicon itself, crystallised in form of sheets, or it can be a ceramic material based on silicon oxides, nitrides, or carbides. Expected achievements are the demonstration of : – an appropriate substrate and a low-cost fabrication technique – a fast and cost-effective deposition technique for silicon films – a cell technology which is compatible with mass fabrication – interconnection and encapsulation schemes for these new cells. An important feature of the research is the inclusion of a thorough economic evaluation. The Consortium is confident to be able to deliver data for an in-depth comparison of the new technology with other thin-film options, but also with the conventional thick silicon technique. It is the intention of this proposed work to direct research and development in the field of the crystalline silicon thin film solar cells towards the industrial perspectives.				F
341	JOR3980289	ELCOMET	Electrolytic Copper Metallisation of solar cells for high volume Manufacturing	NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND, CORK, ENTHONE-OMI (BENELUX) BV, INSTITUTE FOR PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT	BP SOLAR LTD			1998-07-01	2000-06-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020103	PROJECT OBJECTIVES A common feature of all solar cells is the requirement of metal contacts to be applied to both the positive and negative surface of the device to carry the photo-generated current. The contacts must be robust, highly conducting, of low-cost and, above all, simple and efficient to fabricate. Copper plated contacts are used in the fabrication of high efficiency cells manufactured in the EU. Copper’s high electrical conductivity is ideal for this application but the current deposition process by electroless plating is somewhat slow and inefficient. Accordingly, the technical objective of this project is to adapt the high-volume low-cost electrolytic plating technology used by the printed circuit board (PCB) industry and apply the techniques to the metallisation of silicon solar cells. TECHNICAL APPROACH The technical programme is divided into five tasks. The first phase of the project (task 1) is intended to answer some basic process and design questions regarding the electrolytic copper plating of solar cells. The proposed approach will be to assemble apparatus for single wafer plating in which the basic process can be verified. In task 2 the design parameters from Task 1 will be used for the design but not the construction of prototype equipment suitable for demonstrating high through-put production feasibility of the process. Support to tasks 1 and 2 will come from task 3 (Characterisation). Work will encompass metallurgical characterisation of the deposited film (mechanical, chemical, electrical conductivity, grain size, etc.), characterisation of the device (including contact resistance, contact adhesion, solderability, etc.) and characterisation of the PV cell and module performance together with environmental testing of the product. A cost benefit and environmental impact analysis will be carried out in task 4 to ensure the viability and industrial potential of this development. Task 5 will study the necessary steps to commercially exploit the outcome of the project. EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS AND EXPLOITATION The principal achievements are expected to be: A silicon solar cell (150 cm2) with efficiency (16.5 %) with contacts formed by electrolytic copper plating at a copper deposition rate some 20 times greater than the electroless plating process currently used in cell fabrication and a 50% reduction in plating costs The design for a prototype unit for electrolytic copper batch plating of solar cells with an effective through-put of one cell every ten seconds. The two industrial partners are well able to implement and commercially exploit the improvements from this project.				F
342	JOR3970150	nan	Large area cadmium telluride electrodeposition for thin film solar cells	NEDERLANDSE PHILIPS BEDRIJVEN BV, CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE, FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V.*, INSTITUT FÜR NEUE MATERIALIEN GEM. GMBH, COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, EIDGENÖSSISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE – ETH ZÜRICH	BP SOLAR LTD			1997-05-01	2000-04-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	The aim of this project is to develop further CdTe thin film technology and to drive the manufacturing costs for modules towards 1 ECU/Wp. Such cost targets are more easily achievable if the thin film material deposition can be scaled in size from 30 cm x 30 cm up to 60 cm x 120 cm which is an industrial objective. Thus the technical challenge is to develop and optimise large area chemical deposition methods for uniform CdS and-CdTe thin films capable of delivering large area CdTe cells with efficiencies over 8%. This will require an increased fundamental understanding over the CdS/CdTe bulk material and cell properties and correlation of these to the large area deposition parameters. The objectives against the expected achievements are; – To develop, low cost, chemical methods for the deposition of large area (up to 60 cm x 120cm), uniform, CdS and CdTe thin films with solar conversion efficiencies >8% over the entire area. – To develop high conductivity fine line printed wires on large area tin oxide coated glass to improve the lack of conductivity for electroplating. – To develop a process for the integration of printed fine line wires on TO/glass with the large area cell interconnection. – To develop formulation chemistry for the fast electrodeposition of CdTe. – To increase fundamental understanding of materials and cell operation in order to control large area thin film deposition and cell fabrication. Initially conducting fine lines (200æm wide, 60 cm long) on large area tin oxide coated glass, with good precision, will be developed. The synthesis of inks and pastes will be necessary to tailor material properties to suit TO/glass substrate and chemical deposition systems. The fine lines are expected to be alkali solution resistant (or encapsulated) for the CdS CBD process. Subsequently, large area CdTe electrodeposition from an aqueous solution will be optimised. Characterisation of material properties and cell performance is expected to help control deposition and post-deposition annealing parameters for uniform performance; Cell and sub-module stability will be monitored. The summary of the partners in this project are; BP Solar, Europe’s leading PV manufacturing company, PHILIPS (CFT) one of Europe’s leading centre for manufacturing technologies, Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chime Analytique de Paris (ENSCP), world leaders in the chemical bath deposition of II-VI materials, Fraunhofer Institude (ISE) one of the Europe’s leading PV institutes, Institut fur Neu Materials (INM) one of Europe’s leading research institudes in composit material science and technology, EC’s research center at Ispra (JRC), Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Industrielle Forschung (AFIF)-ETH tecnopark, an industrial reseach expert. They are going to join their R&D efforts to develop large area CdS and CdTe thin film deposition methods and cell fabrication technology.				F
344	JOR3980269	nan	Advanced crystalline silicon solar cell designs	TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK, EUROSOLARE SPA, FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V.*, UNIVERSITAET KONSTANZ, ENERGY RESEARCH CENTRE OF THE NETHERLANDS, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MIKRO-ELECTRONIKA CENTRUM VZW	BP SOLAR LTD			1998-06-01	2001-05-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020101	1. Objectives The objective of this project is: the development of at least one advanced, crystalline silicon solar cell technology with the following characteristics: – better commercialisation aspects than the standard technology. a design that can be easily used on larger substrates for large scale power production higher efficiencies than standard crystalline silicon solar cells made by the most comparable technology. 2. Technical approach The project is divided in three parts. First the different solar cell designs are discussed and simulated by computer programmes. The common problems like increased recombination, shunting as well as series resistance are examined. In the second phase the solar cells must be produced according to the cell designs as defined in phase one. The cell process parameters must be optimised to testify the potential of the designs. In a third phase concepts will be developed to improve laboratory-scale methods to a large-scale production level and a complete technology from starting material up to module design will be worked out. 3. Expected achievements and exploitation The result will be an improved crystalline silicon solar cell technology with the following characteristics. It will be an all back-contact cell with improved efficiency and cost/Wp compared to ‘standard’ crystalline silicon solar cell technology. The processing procedure also includes how to make solar modules taking advantage of the back-side contact characteristic of the cells. Based on the better cost/Wp ratio a natural exploitation of the results is expected by replacing existing technology in future solar cell production lines.				F
345	JOR3980287	THIMOCE	Thin Monocrystalline silicon solar Cells and Modules	FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V.*, SOLTECH NV, UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID, BAYER AG, FUNDAÇAO DA FACULDADE DE CIENCIAS DA UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA	BP SOLAR LTD			1998-06-01	2001-05-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020101	PROJECT OBJECTIVES The objective is to demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that in a silicon solar cell both maximum cell efficiency and lowest manufacturing costs can be achieved for wafer thicknesses between 100 and 150 Mm. This has benefit in lowering the cost of modules by having simultaneously a high module power and low manufacturing costs due to the use of thin silicon wafers and balance of system costs are also reduced. TECHNICAL APPROACH The project starts by modelling solar cell structures to define the ideal combination of wafer thickness, resistivity, minority carrier diffusion length and surface passivation for the highest efficiency. This modelling will be consistent with known parameters achievable from available processing techniques. Having defined the desirable solar cell structure the project is directed at realising these structures. The following sequence will be followed WP1 Solar Cell Modelling WP2 Preparation of substrates WP3 Solar Cell Development WP4 Module development and testing Wire sawing will be used to cut the thin wafers and the PERC cell structure will form a basis for the solar cell development. EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS AND EXPLOITATION The expected outcomes are higher efficiency solar cells than present and a much lower utilisation of silicon around 50% less than that previously used. This should result in technological leadership for the participant companies giving lower production costs superior products and a significantly increased market. The specific targets are to demonstrate laboratory solar cells of 4 cm2 area with efficiencies of >18% and in solar cells made under production conditions >17 % efficiency on a 100cm2, both on wafers thinner than 150 um.				F
346	JOR3980294	NEXTGEN	Next Generation 20% efficient silicon solar cells	UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID, UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES	BP SOLAR LTD			1998-07-01	2001-06-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020101	PROJECT OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this project is to capitalise on the high performance laboratory achievements in conjunction with an innovative low temperature approach to form passivated rear metal contacts, to produce commercial devices. It has already been shown, both theoretically through modelling and experimentally through laboratory devices (using microelectronics techniques), that solar grade substrates with diffusion lengths of only 200 microns are adequate for achieving 20% efficiency in commercial devices provided high temperatures are avoided in commercial substrates with high oxygen content. The technical challenge is therefore to develop a low temperature approach for passivation and formation of the rear metal contact. TECHNICAL APPROACH The project is divided into four tasks. (i) Task 1 – A new cell structure formed by making a solid phase epitaxial rear point contact to the Laser Grooved Buried grid solar cell in a 1 year phase to demonstrate process in laboratory using standard commercial substrates. The process will be further developed throughout the duration of the project. A schematic of the new structure is shown below. (ii) Task 2 – To develop the production technology by transferring the laboratory process to an industrial environment and demonstrating the process at pilot production level. (iii)Task 3 – A key input to tasks 1 and 2 will be the systematic measurement of opart processed devices and final cells to allow optimisation of the processing. Models describing the cell are largely in place but specific data for the new structure need to be generated. (iv) Task 4 – A continuous cost appraisal will be carried out throughout the project. Cost models already exist and these will be updated with the details of materials consumption, labour use and capital expenditure alongside efficiency improvement to ensure that the new processes and structures are fully cost effective. EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS AND EXPLOITATION An increase in solar cell efficiency from the present 17% to 20% is expected to reduce module and BOS costs giving rise to an significant growth in the PV market. BP Solar through its 10 MWp pa production line in Madrid expects to implement the process improvement at the earliest opportunity.				F
348	JOR3980226	ASCEMUS	Advanced Solar Cells and modules from Multicrystalline Silicon	EUROSOLARE SPA, UNIVERSITAET KONSTANZ, BAYER AG, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MIKRO-ELECTRONIKA CENTRUM VZW	BP SOLAR LTD, SHELL SOLAR ENERGY B.V.			1998-07-01	2001-06-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0, -1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020103	The ASCEMUS project has been initiated by PV cell and system manufacturers (BP Solar, Eurosolare S.p.A and Shell Solar Energy) including the leading European research groups in the field of low cost solar cell processing (IMEC and University of Konstanz) and wafer manufacturer (Bayer AG). The main objective is to create the efficiency break-through of the industrial multicrystalline solar cells and modules produced in Europe. The project will start with the selection and testing of these laboratory solar cell processing steps which give the highest chances for a rapid improvement of the cost performance ratio. A compromise between the final cell efficiency and the capability for a low cost mass production will be emphasised. The ultimate goal is an integral, low cost, high efficiency solar cell process with well defined fabrication steps tested for implementation in the industrial environment. Apart from the solar cell process itself much attention will be paid to module fabrication since the process of integrating solar cells in a module, contributes with one third to the overall module cost. The expected technical achievements of the projects can be summarised: 1. Development of the wafering technique of larger area (up to 150 x 150 mm2) and thin (200 micrometers) multicrystalline silicon wafers. 2. Thorough testing and optimisation with respect towards implementation into mass production lines of the following, multicrystalline cell processing steps which are crucial for efficiency improvement – uniform texturization process: chemical, mechanical or plasma – high efficient emitter diffusion process: homogeneous and selective emitter – surface and bulk passivation by means of PECVD SiNx – fine line screen printing of contacts – light trapping 3. Combining the most efficient processing steps developed on laboratory and pilot line scale into an industrially compatible integral process: – simplification of the industrial solar cell process by incorporation of coprocessing techniques – thorough test on the pilot and production line with respect to efficiency, reproducibility, spreading and through-put. 4. Development of new module type with a simplified manufacturing process and high packing density The quantified objectives of the project are summarised below: – cell efficiency from production line: 16% (cell area 125 x 125 mm2 ). – best solar cell efficiency in a pre-production(pilot) line: 17%. – module power of 36 cells in series of 85 Wp(16% efficient cell) and 90 Wp (17% efficient cell) respectively. – cost target of 1 ECU/Wp within the APAS/MUSIC cost model (production scenario of 500MWp/year) . Achievements of the project objective will bring the following benefits for all project partners: – improved cell efficiency and decreased cost/Wp will increase the PV market share of BP Solar, Shell Solar, Eurosolare and Bayer. – IMEC and University of Konstanz will be able to transfer processes developed on laboratory or pilot line scale into industrial production environment Since the project programmeis defined in such a way that it includes testing of the developed processes on production lines, a large scale solar cell production based on project results could start immediately after the project completion.				F
362	JOR3980203	CRISTAL	Cost effective, reliable and innovative stand alone photovoltaic system	POLITECNICO DI TORINO, TRAMA TECNOAMBIENTAL SL, COMMISSARIAT À L’ENERGIE ATOMIQUE, COMPAGNIE EUROPEENNE DES ACCUMULATEURS S.A.	BP SOLAR ESPANA SA			1998-09-01	2001-08-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020104	PROJECT OBJECTIVES The CRISTAL-PV project objective is the development of a low cost and small complete PhotoVoltaic system. This system is dedicated to remote areas in Europe, to provide houses and small devices with a cheap yet reliable maintenance free PV system. In developing countries, this installation will provide a reliable low cost equipment. Since every part is designed for the application, a real warrantee will be considered. The CRISTAL-PV system aims at very low production cost (20% less than the present offer) implemented through an innovative design allowing reduction of the cost of all the parts of the installation, without sacrificing the reliability. The main R&D objectives are: – the development of innovative technical solutions concerning the PV generator, the charge control unit and the battery; – the optimisation of the overall performance of the complete system, by finding the best fit between the PV module and battery characteristics; – the standardisation of components and the preparation of moss production of PV systems, in order to achieve low costs. TECHNICAL APPROACH The CRISTAL-PV system will be composed of a 12V PV panel with an integrated regulator and a 12V/l00Ah new innovative maintenance free lead acid battery generation. The technical innovations are focused on the following aspects: – an energy storage battery able to be produced at low cost around 40 ECU per kWh) but this battery will be adapted to specific PV requirements: maintenance free, improvement of the cycling service life trio acid stratification), integrated protection against abusive discharges. – a low cost frameless solar module with simplified supporting devices having reduced number of modules thanks to higher efficiency. Furthermore, a new integrated regulation system will be developed. EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS AND EXPLOITATION The achievements foreseen in this project can allow an effective increase of the small stand-alone PV system reliability and a real cost reduction of the PV energy in off-grid applications. As these systems represent the main market share on the international PV business, the fulfilment of the objectives of the present project guarantees an improvement of the present situation: an increase of the sales of the Europeans industrial partners, and consequently a stabilisation or an increase of the European market share on the world markets.				F
364	JOR3980303	nan	New pv system technology	SUN POWER SOLARTECHNIK GMBH, WIRTSCHAFT UND INFRASTRUKTUR GMBH & CO PLANUNGS KG	BP SOLAR LTD			1998-06-01	2001-05-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020104	The objective of this project is to develop a highly innovative PV system concept (NST) which aims at removing the major weaknesses of state-of-the-art PV system technology such as – Varying lifetime expectancy of PV system components – Low degree of integration of electronic components – Sensitivity against shading – High cabling cost – Significant mismatch losses To overcome this situation high-level European PV system companies, amongst the the leading European PV module manufacturer, have joined their R&D efforts in a common industrial project aiming at the detailed development of this innovative PV system concept, the development, manufacture and test of NST component prototypes and the installation and monitoring of a NST pilot plant. In detail the industrial benefits are: l.A lifetime of balance of system components (in particular power transmissionand power conditioning equipment) matching the PV module lifetime (>25 years) 2.A Mean Time Between Failures MTBF of electronic equipment of > 100.000 hours 3.Highest integration of electronic circuits (ideally leading to the’one-chipinverter’) 4.Miniaturisation of electronic components due to magnetically induced energytransmission and conversion 5.Avoidance of mechano-electrical module connections (using magneticallyinduced coupling instead) At the end of project duration the industrial achievements of this extensive hardware development project will be as follows: – Tested and approved prototype of an innovative Magnetically Induced Power Bus (MIPB) Technology with fully integrated Magnet Power Receiver (MPR) for energy transmission from the PV module to the Power Bus. This technology will lead to higher system efficiency and reduced safety needs due to hermetical isolation of NST components. Patents will be applied for. – Tested and approved prototypes of innovative PV modules with fully integrated Magnetic Power Transmitter (MPT). Patents will be applied for. – Tested and approved prototype of Magnet Power Receiver (MPR) for contact free magnetically induced coupling of the PV modules to the electric circuit. Patents will be applied for. – Tested and approved Central Power Processor (CPP) which links the NST system to the public grid and which performs the overall system control. Patents will be applied for. – Approved NST concept in a PV pilot plant realised at the facilities of one of the project partners It is expected that after the end of the project about 1.5 year of additional research, testing and demonstration of the products will be required to make the New PV System Technology fully reliable. This time will be used for patent disclosures, for preparing the products for market introduction and for licensing negotiations with interested European companies aiming at a rapid and widespread dissemination of this technoloqy. The full commercial exploitation of NST will start at this moment.				F
370	JOR3970140	COCOSOL	Thin film solar module encaspulation processes for large scale manufacturing	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI FEDERICO II, EURORAD 2-6 SARL, INSTITUT FÜR NEUE MATERIALIEN GEM. GMBH, UNIVERSITAET STUTTGART, ZENTRUM FÜR SONNENENERGIE- UND WASSERSTOFF-FORSCHUNG,BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG	BP SOLAR LTD			1997-04-01	1999-09-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	PROJECT OBJECTIVES The results of the APAS study MUSIC-FM in which the manufacturing costs for thin-film solar modules at an annual capacity of 500MWp were calculated, has shown that a large cost contribution is given by the standard encapsulation process. it was proposed that a conformal costing (either a single layer or multiple layers) deposit by fast and low processes shall replace the combination of cover glass and polymer encapsulant. Materials and processes to realize these alternative encapsulations are the objectives of the project. The state-of the -art encapsulation which is presently used for CIS (CuInSe2) as well as for CdTe (and aSi) modules will be the standard all the new encapsulants to be developed will be compared with. The specifications to be met are given in the international standard IEC 1646. TECHNICAL APPROACH The approach of the proposed project is to use a conformal coating which allows continuous processes, reduces weight and energy consumption. There are several possible alternatives : – Organic-inorganic nanocomposites and laminated coatings for long term corrosion and mechanical protection of CIS and CdTe solar modules – Organic coatings formed by plasmapolymerisation – Polymeric organic coatings deposited from solutions and suspensions – Conformal coating with parylene, a polymer substance used in electronics as one of the best conformal coatings for components and printed circuit boards – High-rate plasma deposition of inorganic compounds with known barrier properties as they are used in the microelectronics and display industry : silicon oxide and nitride, glasses like PSG and BPSG, also including graded coatings. It is also intended to combine two or more of these layers to form layered structures or to combine the described layers with plastic or glass foils resp. to form multiple layers to combine the properties of the single coatings and to adapt the properties of the modules to specific applications. EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS AND EXPLOITATION PLANS After successful completion of the project the partners will be able to produce low-cost thin-film solar modules based in CIS and CdTe-technology, which will be stable enough for the major part of applications. Due to the lower production costs the alternative encapsulation technology will help to proliferate photovoltaics in the future. there is also an exploitation potential outside PV since hermetic coatings are required in electronics, sensor technology and others.				F
372	JOR3950040	DOLMET	Development of low-cost metallization for silicon solar cells	EUROPEAN RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTERS AGENCY – EUREC AGENCY EEIG, UNIVERSITAET KONSTANZ	BP SOLAR LTD			1996-01-01	1997-12-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Objectives New metallisation techniques and schemes will be developed in order to improve solar cell and module efficiency and/or to reduce the cost of the metallisation process. Special attention will be paid to the applicability for large-scale production and the environmental impact. Cost comparison will be used to evaluate the potential of the techniques to be developed and focus the partners on pursuing low-cost options. New printing techniques and the related process scenarios will be developed on a laboratory scale, and tested for their potential at a pilot production level. New plating concepts will be developed and tested in an industrial environment. Technical Approach Screen printing of metal paste is a low-cost technique, since the front grid pattern is defined in a single process step. However, with present technology the line aspect ratio (width vs. height) is too large, resulting in high reflection losses. This may be solved by various printing technologies: Stencil printing, using a full-metal foil with the front grid pattern; Offset printing overcomes the problems related with paste transport through a screen; Roller printing, in which paste supplied by a roller only adheres to protruding regions; Ink jet printing, where the paste is supplied via tiny needles as in desk top printers. In addition, the total cell processing will be simplified, using new paste firing schemes, and new paste concepts leading to lower series resistance. Metal plating is a well proven technology for contact formation, and is readily scaled-up to high-volume production. However, it involves additional process steps to define the front grid. Two approaches are: new high efficiency designs (less reflection loss) which counteract the higher costs and a new method to define the pattern of the metal which initiates the deposition. The performance, cost, through-put and selectivity of the electro-less plating bath will be improved by optimizing the chemical composition. Expected Achievements and Exploitation The output of the DOLMET project is expected to be: Printing of metal paste: Development of an advanced screen printing process with fine-line, high-aspect ratio, and low-cost advanced passivation techniques using new pastes; printing 60 um wide and 20 um thick lines using a stencil and an optimized paste; roller printed 20 um wide metal fingers; evaluation of new printing techniques, such as off-set printing. Plating: A novel electro-less plating solution, forming metal lines with a triangular cross section; a new low-cost and more environmentally friendly plating solution; evaluation of electro-plating in combination with other metallisation techniques; alternative fine line passivating layer opening techniques. Results will be tested and implemented on a pilot production scale.				F
374	JOR3950011	MONOCEPT	Monocrystalline solar cell cost-effective production technology	TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MIKRO-ELEKTRONICA CENTRUM VZW, SIEMENS SOLAR GMBH, SOLTECH NV, UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI FEDERICO II, BAYER AG	BP SOLAR LTD			1996-01-01	1998-12-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Objectives The major aim of this project is the development of a low cost, high efficiency monocrystalline silicon solar cell process and the demonstration of its applicability in an industrial type environment. The project deals with a broad solar cell production cycle from crystallisation up to an encapsulated solar cell. The detailed objectives are as follows: – screening the current and future environmental regulations, – decrease amount of wet chemicals used in cell fabrication, – development of Czochralski monocrystalline silicon material with reduced oxygen content, – determination of cost efficient wafer thickness and size, – achievement of 19% efficient large area (10x10cm2) encapsulated Czochralski monocrystalline silicon solar cells. Technical Approach The project is divided into 6 tasks, each with a task leader who organises experiments of limited duration, and takes care of their execution, complying with the time schedule and milestones. 1 Crystallisation and wafering: development of Cz-Si material with a low oxygen content, large and thin substrates with different bulk resistivities (Bayer). 2 Environmental issues, cleaning and etching: study the environmental restrictions and stimulate the development of solar cell processes with an unavoidable minimum of hazardous processing materials (Siemens Solar). 3 Design and optimisation of solar cell processes: development of a commercial process fulfilling requirements of efficiency and low cost (IMEC). 4 Measurements and modelling: create a reliable basis for all possible characterisations and modelling of substrate materials and solar cells developed during the project (Univ. Napoli). 5 Cell-module interaction: studying the different encapsulating materials, accelerated stability tests and cell-module interaction (Soltech). 6 Implementation in a production line: implementation of developed processes in the BP Solar, Siemens Solar and Bayer production pilot lines, assessment of efficiency and cost (BP Solar). Expected Achievements and Exploitation The optimisation of materials and processing steps should result in a solar cell process compatible with mass production. An efficiency of 19% on large area (10x10cm2) Czochralski monocrystalline silicon should be achieved as well as a significant reduction of the hazardous materials both in the processing and waste materials. The project will result in a large reduction in the cost/Wp since it aims at significant increase of solar cells efficiency while involving only low cost, industrial type processing techniques and the solar cell processing itself only takes a relatively small fraction of the overall module cost. The optimised process will be implemented in the production lines of the industrial partners.				F
390	JOR3970154	nan	Advanced thin film photovoltaic technologies: Measurement and test methods	ANTEC – ANGEWANDTE NEUE TECHNOLOGIEN GMBH, MICROCHEMISTRY LTD., ZENTRUM FÜR SONNENENERGIE- UND WASSERSTOFF-FORSCHUNG,BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG, COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES	BP SOLAR LTD			1997-05-01	1999-10-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	With European companies increasing their investment in new thin-film technologies (such as CdTe BP Solar(GB? and Antec(DE) and CIS ZSW(DE) combined with the continued development of a-Si Microchemistry(FI)), international standards for the measurement of performance and reliability of thin-film PV modules are required. Part of the work will rely on the expertise of JRC for both R&D (eg for measurements, quality control and pre-normative research) and demonstration (eg by monitoring the energy performance of projects). Three main objectives are foreseen in this proposal: l.Identify characterisation methods for new Thin Film PV materials . 2.Prenormative testing for thin film technology leading to recommendations tothe IEC for new standard test procedures. 3.Improved fabrication and production technologies to meet (and exceed) therigorous test levels required and pave the way for low cost thin film PV (<1ECU per Wp) to reach the European market. The project is foreseen to involve the testing and manufacture of these new thin film modules in two distinct phases: l.Characterisation, electrical performance of thin-film modules,. 2.Type approval, accelerated environmental testing of modules. The project will evolve in a cyclic manner i.e. the principal stages: of Production- Testing – Discussion and Design Modification being repeated three times. This will allow the partners to learn from the early experience and improve modify their product for the next stages. Via ESTI’s invited representation on the IEC working group on PV devices TC82 the results and conclusions of this project will be presented directly to the relevant international standards body for assessment and possible incorporation in to new or modified test standards. By assuring the quality of these new technologies this project will provide market confidence to potential users and stimulate the use of PV in remote and developing regions.				F
394	JOS3950001	nan	The Implementation of new energy technologies : non-technical barriers and policy responses	UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN, ECOTEC RESEARCH AND CONSULTING LTD	VATTENFALL UTVECKLING AB			1996-01-01	1996-12-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	102	Objectives This project aims to provide a better understanding of the nontechnical barriers to the implementation of Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) and to analyse the ways in which different policy instruments might help to overcome these barriers. Non-technical barriers reflect constraints on investment resulting from institutional, cultural, political, legal, planning and financial and other factors. The two main objectives are:- To develop the conceptual framework for non-technical barriers to the implementation of RETs, expanding the analysis to take into account the wider impacts such as employment, environmental and economic development effects. A practical framework will be produced, which will provide a means of identifying the non-technical barriers to specific RET proposals; – To propose measures to overcome these barriers, based on the conceptual framework. The research focuses in particular on the implementation of wind technologies, biomass technologies and photovoltaics in 3 countries: Ireland, Sweden and the UK. However, the aim is to produce a general, practical framework which could be applied to the full range of RETs. Technical Approach The work programme combines a variety of research actions (survey, interviews and expert review workshops) in an approach designed to establish a framework which reflects the situation on the ground. It will develop the ‘classical’ model of innovation and take-up of new technologies in order to recognise that the actors concerned with RETs cannot be modelled as simple profit-maximising firms in a free market. Non-technical barriers to RETs arise as a result of a mismatch between policy interests (for example the promotion of RETs for environmental reasons, diversification of supply or employment creation) and commercial interests (profit maximisation, return on investment, etc.). The development of the conceptual framework requires a thorough analysis of these 2 ‘interest groups’, their objectives and the context in which they operate. In some countries policy interests and commercial interests can be related to objectives of the public and private sectors respectively. However, in many countries particularly those with state-owned utilities, there is no such clear-cut distribution of roles and interests. The framework will then be used to identify the policy measures which are appropriate for bridging the gap between the two different types of interest. Expected Achievements and Exploitation This project is expected to develop a conceptual framework describing the wider decision context in which RET investment decisions are made. This framework will expand the current analysis of the non-technical barriers to the uptake of RETs. In particular, the framework will take into account the wider impacts of RETs including employment, social, environmental and regional development effects. It will also expand the current understanding of qualitative issues involved in the uptake of or barriers to RETs. This framework could be used by decision makers from different backgrounds to assess the viability of RET projects in a given context.				F
481	JOR3970127	MAGSIFIC	Metallurgical silicon based thin film solar cells	CRYSTALOX LTD., FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V.*, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MIKRO-ELEKTRONICA CENTRUM VZW, BAYER AG, ELKEM FISKAA SILICON	BP SOLAR LTD			1997-07-01	1999-06-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	PROJECT OBJECTIVES The objective of the project is to remove dependence of the photovoltaic industry on limited supplies of solar grade silicon feedstock, available as reject material from the microelectronics industry and replace it with the virtually unlimited supplies of metallurgical grade silicon. To realise this a low cost method of producing wafers in mg-Si must be found and must be coupled with a method of growing a thin film of silicon onto the substrate which can give a solar cell of good efficiency to enable a cost effective solar cell to be produced. TECHNICAL APPROACH Emphasis will be placed on making use of the already available grades of mg-Si. These will be used to develop a low cost casting process for multicrystalline ingots for subsequent wafering. This should be possible as the substrate is not electrically active whereas in normal multicrystalline ingot fabrication particular attention is paid to maximising minority carrier diffusion length by slow solidification rates and the use of high purity crucibles. Wire sawing techniques and wafers cleaning techniques will be developed to utilise ingots which may have significant SiC inclusions. The thin film of silicon will be deposited by conventional epitaxial techniques with the importance of a buffer layer between the substrate and the film being evaluated. The design of a high throughput epitaxial reactor is essential to achieving low final product costs. A range of solar cell processes will be used to determine the most appropriate to achieve the necessary solar cell efficiency and process economics. Characterisation of the materials and solar cells will be undertaken as will a full economic evaluation of the preferred process. EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS AND EXPLOITATION The project is aimed at achieving a process which uses metallurgical grade silicon feedstock to produce a photovoltaic module at a cost equivalent to or lower than present silicon module technologies where solar grade silicon feedstock is used. The demonstration of a solar cell of 12% efficiency on a area of 100 cm2 is a major stepping stone in achieving this objective. The benefit of this project is that the PV industry will no longer be limited to the supply of silicon feedstock from the microelectronics industry thus allowing the implementation of photovoltaic generating systems to proceed without supply constraints. The industrial partners in material supply, equipment production, silicon wafer supply and photovoltaic manufacture will each seek to implement a successful outcome of the project.				F
493	JOR3980210	REVALUE 2	The Value of Renewable electricity: part 2	RISOE NATIONAL LABORATORY, UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX, ECONNECT LTD., SOCIETE DE MATHEMATIQUES APPLIQUEES ET DE SCIENCES HUMAINES, DR. MILBORROW DAVID JOHN, LAMDA TECHNICAL LTD, FEISTRITZWERKE DER STADT GLEISDORF GESELLSCHAFT MBH, ASM BRESCIA SPA, SEAS DISTRIBUTION AMBA, UNIVERSITÀ COMMERCIALE ‘LUIGI BOCCONI’	FORTUM POWER AND HEAT OY			1998-10-01	2000-09-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	301	RE-VALUE 2 – PROJECT SUMMARY RE-VALUE 1 has shown that renewable electricity generally does add value to an electricity system and that the value is made up of a number of site specific benefits and avoided costs, including the universally accepted costs of fuel saved. It has illuminated the need for studies which examine all the constituents of value from a site-specific power plant. Moreover, it has become clear that a key problem for renewable electricity Generators is that there is often no formal mechanism within the electricity system to pay the renewable energy Generator for the added value. This skews the incentives within the electricity system against the use of embedded renewable generation. It is therefore important that the economics of embedded generation are incorporated in to the support, regulatory and tariff mechanisms of electricity systems. The goal of RE-VALUE 2 is therefore to take the issues of RE-VALUE 1 a stage further: 1. RE-VALUE 2 will provide over 20 detailed studies of the value that wind, hydro, biomass, landfill gas and photovoltaic energy projects brings to the electricity system in seven countries, based on the methodology used by Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) in a study of a photovoltaic project, modified to suit European circumstances. It will: 1.1 evaluate the costs and benefits of over 20 projects to the electricity system; 1.2 evaluate the effect on the electricity system in terms of reliability and reinforcement; 1.3 consider how these costs and benefits change with very large penetrations of renewable electricity generation, for example greater than 10 per cent of supply. 2. RE-VALUE 2 will provide the specification for easy-to-use off-the-shelf methods and models for calculating the value of renewable electricity. 3. RE-VALUE 2 will analyse the use of Information technology (IT) in electricity distribution systems and related data bases and establish how they can be harnessed, modified or developed to assist in the calculation of value. 4. RE-VALUE 2 will examine the extent to which the benefits of specific projects accrue to the renewable Generator in four countries. 5. RE-VALUE 2 will make recommendations for changes to the support, regulatory and tariff mechanisms for each of the four countries and for the European COmmission countries in general which would allow the benefits of the specific projects investigated to be redistributed appropriately between the electricity system actors. 6. RE-VALUE 2 will assess the implications of Value for renewable energy policy, for example for support mechanisms, for tariffs and for resource studies. 7. RE-VALUE 2 will add its results to, and compare and assess, other European Commission studies which have dealt with parallel but different questions concerning the value of renewable electricity, for example ExternE.				F
502	JOR3980258	nan	PV lighting system evaluation and rating methods	TÜV RHEINLAND SICHERHEIT UND UMWELTSCHUTZ GMBH, COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, COMMISSARIAT À L’ENERGIE ATOMIQUE, TRANSENERGIE SA, CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES ENERGÉTICAS, MEDIOAMBIENTALES Y TECNOLÓGICAS	BP SOLAR LTD			1998-09-01	2001-05-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020105	PROJECT OBJECTIVES The main goal of this project is to set up a rating procedure for PV lighting systems, using mainly performance specifications in addition to component specifications. Up to now, the ‘component specification’ approach has been used for large system procurement. But finally, no uniform mean of comparison exists and no practical information can be given to the consumers. A rating method of the lighting system performance would provide a standardised information to potential customers and allow an objective comparative assessment of different designs. The additional goals of this Project are: To develop a standardised representation of system features and performance, making the procurement process easier. To test existing products. During the work done for the development of the indoor and outdoor test procedures, most of the European products presently available on the market will be tested: at least 2 samples coming from at least 10 manufacturers. These results will be a by-product of this project. To assess outdoor test procedures. Although not applicable to international standards, such procedures may be interesting for some test centers located in developing countries, for comparison purposes under real conditions. The discrepancies between indoor and outdoor test results will have been determined. TECHNICAL APPROACH The main problem that must be solved is to develop an indoor rating procedure, which can be applied to several system designs and must be representative enough of most weather conditions and end-user needs. Therefore, the selected approach consists of three main steps: A review of existing test procedures and standards, and at the same time, the supply of more than 30 systems, provided by at least ten different suppliers Three types of tests will be performed in parallel: – Component tests: performance of qualification tests for each individual component of the system with respect to electrical / mechanical (i.e. technical) safety, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), sustainability, endurance etc. – Indoor system tests: testing of the completely assembled systems without integration of PV modules, in a laboratory (indoor conditions). The energy supply pattern will be adjusted to typical irradiation patterns, load demands and environmental conditions. – Outdoor system tests: testing of the completely assembled systems in outdoor conditions. Validation of the indoor rating and test procedure and use of this procedure within the appropriate standardisation organisations. EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS AND EXPLOITATION The performance rating procedure will be intended for use in comparing different PV lighting systems. It will not of course accurately indicate the level of performance a system will have at any site. It is expected that at the end of this project, the main results will be: – the creation of a Standardised representation of system features and performance, thereby simplifying the procurement process and improving the commercial marketability. – a proposal made to the CENELEC and IEC TC 82 groups for a new standard: Due to the long duration of the standardisation process (usually at least 3 years), the final step will not be reached during this project, but the ‘Committee Draft for Voting’ stage will be achieved.				F
518	JOR3980302	ARCHIMEDES	Advanced European photovoltaic system for decentral applications	CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES ENERGÉTICAS, MEDIOAMBIENTALES Y TECNOLÓGICAS, ZENTRUM FÜR SONNENENERGIE- UND WASSERSTOFF-FORSCHUNG,BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG, UNIVERSITY OF CRETE	BP SOLAR LTD			1998-05-01	2001-04-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020104	The objective of this proposal is the development of a 1 kW photovoltaic system with autarkic tracker for very efficient and long term reliable water pumping with remarkable cost advantages compared to conventional fixed flat plate systems. The system is based upon irradiation enhancement in the module plane by flat plate mirrors in V-trough configuration and elimination of losses from non normal incidence using a maintenance free solar tracking unit, the gravitational tracking system (GTS). The new ARCHIMEDES system can demonstrate up to 40% cost advantage over systems using fixed standard flat plate PV modules. The implementation of the following objectives will lead to achieve the full cost reduction potential: – development of a light weight carrier structure, modular in size, designedfor low cost production and flexible installation, – adaption of the gravitational tracking system to the system area and thenecessary tracking accuracy, – integral design of PV module (conventional c-Si cell technology) andV-trough concentrator (x = 2) for high performance and low temperatureeffect, – PV pumping system optimisation using the most advanced pump analysistechniques, – optimisation of the entire system by field tests and monitoring combinedwith component engineering of a complete PV pumping system installed atan end users site. The output from these objectives will be the specific achievements: – Cost-effective maintenance-free support and tracking structure, – PV modules with improved temperature behaviour, – 1 kW PV power supply unit specifically adapted for decentralised smallscale applications and optimised for pumping systems, – the break even power for cost competitiveness with diesel pumps will beshifted towards higher power ranges, – less than 500 Wp PV modules have to be installed for a system withenergy output equivalent to a conventional lkWp system; this gives notonly a potential for cost reduction but also means that the siliconavailable today to the PV industry for plat panel production can beused to produce systems with a doubled energy output. Component engineering activities are included during the field test phase; so it is expected that after the end of this project not more than one year of additional product engineering and optimisation of the entire system is needed to bring the system to industrial production and into the market.				F
557	JOR3970165	nan	Efficiency and fabricability improvements in silicon concentrating cells	UNIVERSITÉ D’AIX-MARSEILLE III (UNIVERSITÉ DE DROIT D’ÉCONOMIE ET DES SCIENCES), UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID, ANGEWANDTE SOLARENERGIE – ASE GMBH, FORSCHUNGSVERBUND BERLIN E.V. – GEMEINSAME VERWALTUNG	BP SOLAR LTD			1997-07-01	1999-06-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Concentration photovoltaic is a clear way of reducing quite sensibly the cost of the PV electricity (EUCLIDES prospects -a concentrator prototype developed in JOULE II- are 3.08 ECU/Wp installed, with present technology). Opposite as in flat module systems, in concentration the cells are only a small a component of the system cost. In consequence the cost-efficiency trade-off is well different, and different for different levels of concentration, tending in all cases to favour higher efficiencies. This proposal jointly with additional R&D to be done in the concentrator sector, aims to achieving 2 ECUs/Wp (to be reached within the decade). The Commission goal of 1 ECU/Wp module cost represented installed costs higher but approaching the 2 ECUs/Wp. In consequence our proposal is in agreement with the cost Commission strategy The specific goals of this proposal are: (a) Optimizing the linear concentration cells. This means improving efficiency to 21%, with low or no cost increase in 30 suns linear concentration industrial cells (BP Solar) of 40 cm2. Alternatively, 20% in 48 cm2 cells. Higher concentrations will also be explored. The overall cheapest option, and any other one requested by market considerations (that might appear as an input to the project), will be adopted. (b) Industrializing point focus concentration cells in the range 80-100 suns with efficiencies above 22% (area around to 1 cm2, to be determined more precisely in the project), also using light confining cavities. For cost considerations these results must be obtained with non clean room technology. In order to achieve higher efficiency four issues will be investigated. (a) The careful study (experimental although with theoretical grounds) of the aspects associated to the series resistance. This involves the emitter profiling and the determination of the actual resistances in the different layers and interfaces. (b) The utilization of gettering techniques so that self-purification of the wafers during the processing steps is produced and therefore the need of clean room process (for high efficiency) is avoided. (c) The use of silicon wafers grown by the float zone (FZ) technique. So far industrial wafers are grown by the Czochralsky (Cz) technique. The FZ technique can give more pure wafers, suitable for higher efficiency. Such wafers do not exist in the market with characteristics (size) appropriate for the PV industry. A suitable grower for PV industry use (fast growth, ingot size up to 150 mm diameter) will be developed. (d) The increase of the light absorption and light confinement. In the point focus case light confining cavities developed in the PV-EYE JOULE I project will be pre-industrialized here. In the linear case light additional work on light deflectors will continue outside this project. Both devices will affect the grid design in (a) PV is in general environmentally friendly. However the fabrication of solar cells, uses energy rather extensively. Due to the strong reduction of solar cells, with the concentration approach contemplated in this project (in the climate of Madrid), the payback time is reduced to about one year for the whole PV plant, to compare to the about two years for flat module.				F
561	BRPR960346	PRINTACON	Transparent conductive layers using new materials and new printing and sintering technology	PHILIPS ELECTRONICS UK LTD., NEDERLANDSE PHILIPS BEDRIJVEN BV, UPPSALA UNIVERSITY, H.C. STARCK GMBH & CO. KG, MAX SIMMEL GMBH & CO. KG / KORREX-MASCHINEFABRIK, REEVES SPA, FLAT PANEL DISPLAY CO. BV, NANOGATE TECHNOLOGIES GMBH	BP SOLAR LTD			1997-02-01	2001-07-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-BRITE/EURAM 3	101	Transparent Conductive Optical (TCO) layers are used in two large applications, in Liquid Crystal Displays and in Solar Cells. Although these layers have excellent properties (resistance of 10 ohm/sq and transmissions above 90%), their applications are limited by the costs of the used process steps: sputtering, lithography, and etching. Cost reduction will encourage the availability of solar energy and decrease the costs of flat panel displays. The typical layer values which have to be realized are a resistance of 6 15 Ohm/sq and a transparency of90 98%. For the display application a fine line pattern has to be realized down to 10 mm lines and gaps of 10 mm. At present, three main TCO preparation techniques capable of producing the requirements mentioned are used: Sputtering, Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD), and Pyrosol Spray. All these techniques produce homogeneous layers which have to be patternised by lithography and etching. The market for TCO covered glass is mainly dominated by the Japanese Industry, e.g. Nippon Sheet Glass and Asahi. To date, no one can manufacture sintered, patterned layers economically. The ability to print the required patterns and sinter at a relatively low temperature will be of enormous benefit. For these reasons a new technology has to be developed, based on a totally new concept. This new concept will have many benefits. cheaper process: -cost reduction no etching; – environmental benefit in house processes; – social benefit decreased energy need; – environmental benefit increased processed area; – increased market share. Results of the project will be: 1. A new, NANO SIZED POWDER with extremely good sintering behaviour ata relatively low sintering temperature, yielding excellent conductivity and transparency; 2. A reliable, LOW COSTPRINTING PROCESS, enabling printing of very accurate and fine patterns (LINES AND GAPS OF 10 mm) on a LARGE AREA(0. 7m2); 3. A new effective SINTERING PROCESS AT LOW (~200 to 250 C max)TEMPERATURES; 4. IN HOUSE PROCESSING for end users of transparent conductive layers. In the last phase of the project, the PRlNTRACON system will be demonstrated in a pilot line to test the reliability and flexibility in industrial surroundings, and to demonstrate the capabilities of the new technology. The total direct and indirect economical benefits of the project amount to at least 100MECU/year for full implementation in European industry. The Consortium comprises the complete chain: Philips a leading manufacturer in the World Electronics Industry, with great experience in printing and sintering; BP Solar the World leader in Solar Cell technology; H.C. Starck the World leader in the development and supply of ceramic and metal powders; FPD Europe’s main producer of flat panel LCD displays; Simmel the only European supplier of precision offset printers; Reeves a European supplier of offset blankets; University of Uppsala well experienced in the chemistry of thin films and ceramic substrates.				F
573	JOR3970126	nan	Crystalline silicon thin film solar cells on low temperature substrates	CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE, UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA, UNIVERSITAET STUTTGART, HAHN-MEITNER-INSTITUT BERLIN GMBH, PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT, UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA	BP SOLAR LTD			1997-07-01	1999-06-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	PROJECT OBJECTIVES The objective of the project is to produce a low cost solar cell by depositing a high quality film of crystalline silicon onto a low cost substrate such as glass. The particular feature of this project is that the choice of substrate requires that the deposition be done at a temperature below 650 C while still maintaining a good electronic quality in the material. Attention will be paid to achieving a high efficiency for a thin film solar cell to facilitate subsequent commercialisation and to attain the cost targets. TECHNICAL APPROACH The project can be divided into three topics. (I) Substrates selection and preparation ; (ii) Deposition of the film of silicon; (iii) Solar Cell processing. Here will be innovation in each topic. Mechanical texturing of the substrate will be used to enhance light confinement. A range of deposition techniques including Hot-Wire CVD, ECR-PECVD, LPCVD and sputtering will be evaluated and in some cases electron beam recrystallisation of the deposited film will be used. The most promising technique will be selected for accelerated development after the mid term assessment. Emphasis in the solar cell processing will be given to low temperature processing using evaporated or electroless contacts rather than the conventional screen printed contacts which require high temperature firing. Supporting the main experimental work are tasks devoted to characterisation and process economics. EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS AND EXPLOITATION The project is very much research oriented so that a further development phase will probably be required before fill commercial exploitation can take place. The immediate target is to achieve a solar cell efficiency of greater than 10% on a cell area of 4 cm2 when deposited onto a glass substrate at temperature below 650 C. It is expected that the technology will be capable of achieving a manufacturing module cost of 1 ECU/Wp at a 10 Mwp pa production rate. Given a successful outcome the industrial partner will continue the development. A successful outcome will give a low cost photovoltaic module with the attractive features of silicon in low toxicity, high efficiency capability and good long term stability. The world market for PV is expected to be in excess of 300 Mwp pa by the year 2005 and a successfully developed product could command a major share of that market and stimulate further growth leading to major reductions in CO2 and other pollutant gas emissions.				F
574	JOR3970124	nan	New approaches for materials and processes with low environmental impacts on the manufacturing of polycrystalline thin-film solar cells	UNIVERSITY OF NORTHUMBRIA AT NEWCASTLE, CENTRALE RECHERCHE SA, FOUNDATION OF RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY – HELLAS, CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES ENERGÉTICAS, MEDIOAMBIENTALES Y TECNOLÓGICAS	BP SOLAR LTD			1997-06-01	2000-05-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Project Objectives The major aims of this project are : development of new buffer layers alternative to those based on cadmium compounds, design and analysis of new preparation processes as alternative to the conventional chemical bath deposition methods which can provide more efficient raw material consumption and ease large-scale implementation, characterization of the thin-film properties of the buffer layers and assessment of their performance for photovoltaic solar cells, to develop and test a whole flow-sheet in order to demonstrate a recycling approach where all chemicals used in the CBD processes can be fully recovered, and undergo as proof-of-concept for any fabrication step of a polycrystalline-thin-film solar device. While having in mind practical applications, the goals will be concurrently addressed at aw-material consumption, environmental impact of the processes, and adaptation to industrial technologies. Technical Approach The lowering costs of thin-film solar cells, as factor of success of these technologies, is strongly associated to the environmental implications of their practical use and large-scale dissemination. Prevention of pollution in any production process requires to pay attention to several aspects such as, mainly: choice of inherently safer or environmentally more benign materials; process design; plant configuration; human resources; research and development. The project will consist of four work packages to be executed by an integrated consortium which brings together a recognized European PV-company and R&D centers having expertise in all relevant fields involved: laboratory preparation of photovoltaic thin film materials, waste treatments and recycling, process engineering, and industrial implementation. These work packages address the fundamental research issues of alternative materials, new production processes, waste and chemicals treatment, and analysis of environmental impacts. Expected achievements and exploitation During the first six months of the project all work packages have started-up their activities. CIEMAT has developed a blocking layer, as alternative window for thin-film solar cells, by a sol-gel process with a considerable antireflecting effect, up-to a 14% of increase of light transmission through the window. Also hydroxy-sulphide thin films have been prepared by CBD up-to areas of 15×30 cm2. First assessment experiments for electrodeposition of CdTe onto these layers have been carried out by BP Solar with encouraging results. Concerning to the activities on process for a more efficient raw material consumption BP Solar has provided a new formulation for CdS-CBD, where reagent usage can be reduced by 80-90%. Recycling experiments conducted by ECP/CRSA have showed that Cd recovery from CBD process effluents until the 1 ppm limit is possible by an electrochemical method. First attempts on the utilization of extraction/stripping methods point out that Cd recovery can be possible until the range of 0.5-0.05 ppm. An experimental set-up capable of investigating the formation of CdS thin films by a continuous recirculation of the reacting solution has been designed an constructed by CPERI. Concerning the environmental impact of the processes a risk assessment of substances hazardous to human health and the environment is beeing carried out by UNN-NPAC. Work in the coming project period will center on the same topics but will increase in depth. Particular emphasis will be placed on the development and optimization of alternative windows for thin-film solar cells. Work on recycling will focus on the separation of colloids and recovery of soluble chemicals after a CBD process. Additional emphasis will be placed on developing the continuous recirculating reactor. An experimental set-up will be designed to quantify emission levels. Exploitation of the results is based on the utilization of compound with low environmental impacts, and the optimization of raw material and recycling of active materials, which have to help the industry in waste management with a subsequent reduction of the cost.				F
579	JOR3970139	MUSIC	Multi-junction Multi-bandgap amorphous Silicon PV modules at low Cost	CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE, MICROCHEMISTRY LTD., RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT UTRECHT, DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, NAPS FRANCE	NESTE OY			1997-06-01	1998-08-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	PROJECT OBJECTIVES The main objective of this project is to create technological prerequisites for a drastic reduction in the per Watt manufacturing cost of amorphous silicon thin film PV modules. The cost reduction is achieved principally by developing industrially applicable solar cell and panel manufacturing processes for significantly higher module conversion efficiency and power. The main development area is the improvement of the quality and stability of the amorphous silicon thin film structure, but also the problem of geometric losses in the patterning of the thin films for finalized panels will be addressed. TECHNICAL APPROACH The approach that has been adopted for the project is to develop tandem (dual junction) structures utilizing the possibility for bandgap tailoring in a-Si materials by producing a-SiGe alloys. Thus, spectrum splitting is utilized by having two different junctions absorbing different portions of the solar spectrum. During the course of the project, each layer in the tandem structure is optimized for reaching high efficiency. This includes optimizing the light transmission in microcrystalline doped n- and p-layers, the current matching in the two junctions as well as optimizing the performance of the tunnel recombination junction between the two p-i-n structures. The optical and electrical parameters of individual layers will be determined from real samples and will then be used as input for computer device modelling to determine the optimized cell structure. For transfer of results from laboratory into production the project relies on the complementarity of the partnership. Laboratory results and processes can be experimented in a pilot scale laboratory on large substrates before they will be tested in real production environment. EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS AND EXPLOITATION Manufacturing cost is the principal issue in the development of industrial PV technology. Presently the direct manufacturing cost (materials and direct labor cost) in Europe of industrial single junction a-Si modules with approximately 5% active area stable conversion efficiency is around 2.4 ECU/Wp. For 1’x1′ tandem panels manufactured with an industrial scale single chamber deposition system the goal for the development is to achieve a stable power of 6 W, corresponding to around 8 % active area efficiency. For more advanced laboratory tandem cells utilizing novel material and cell concepts the goal is to develop a manufacturing process for stabilized 10 % efficient cells. The transfer of these results into manufacturing without significant improvement in the manufacturing cost will reduce the direct manufacturing cost first to 1.6 ECU/Wp (panel level goal) and further to 1.2 ECU/Wp (cell level goal).				F
585	BRPR970424	SOLARDETOX	Solar Detoxification Technology to the Treatment of Industrial non Biodegradable Persistent Chlorinated Water Contaminants	CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES ENERGETICAS, MEDIAMBIENTALES Y TECNOLOGICAS, GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTRE, SETSOL, UNIVERSITY OF TORINO, INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ENGENHARIA E TECNOLOGIA INDUSTRIAL, ECOSYSTEM ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES SA, HIDROCEN SL, SCHOTT ROHRGLAS GMBH	ENEL SPA			1997-06-01	2000-05-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP4-BRITE/EURAM 3	102	C1 and C2 Non Biodegradable Chlorinated hydrocarbon Solvents (NBCS), such as methylene chloride, trichloroethylene tetrachloroethylene, chloroform, methyl chloroform, etc, are difficult to replace because they have influence in process reaction and are compatible with most substrate materials; also, traditional treatment methods to remove them from industrial process water as stripping, adsorption by activated carbon, biological treatment, thermal or catalytic oxidation and chemical oxidation have strong inconveniences or limitations in the treatment of low concentration of organic pollutants (from 20 to 50 ppm). Now industry is minimizing or eliminating solvents to cut hazardous waste costs as well as chemical emissions. Emission Limit Values (ELV) are based on the Best Available Techniques (BAT), recognized as feasible from a technical and economical point of view and reasonably accessible to the operator. As multimedia regulations continue to be promulgated, the approach to environmental management where treatment methods simply transfer contaminants from one medium to another becomes an increasingly unstable option. The objective of this project is the development, up to commercial level, of solar detoxification technology to make feasible the photocatalytic treatment of non biodegradable persistent chlorinated water contaminants typically found in effluents from chemical production processes. The basic idea of the project is the development of a Solar Detoxification System, based on the simple inexpensive and efficient non concentrating solar collector technology (such as the compound parabolic collector and flat collectors with tubular photoreactors) which seems the best technological solution to Solar Detoxification Systems as static collectors can capture the diffuse UV sunlight as well as the direct beam (the diffuse component can make up 50% of the total available UV light, even on a clear day, and the UV available in a cloudy day could be no less than one half than in a clear day). When the UV radiation of the solar spectrum is used, the beauty of the Solar Detoxification System, which can destroy many of the most ‘difficult’ persistent organic pollutants, is its intrinsic simplicity, being also cost effective, easy to use, and requiring minimal capital investment; the reaction takes place when UV radiation photo excites a semiconductor catalyst in the presence of oxygen; in these circumstances hydroxyl radicals, OH , are generated which attack oxidizable contaminants producing a progressive breaking up of molecules into carbon dioxide, water and diluted mineral acids. In addition to assessing destruction capabilities, fielf demonstration is intended to identify any pre or post processing requirements, potential operating problems, and capital and operating costs. As the existing technology in Solar Detoxification came from the solar thermal technology just with some minor modifications, the State of the Art is still lacking specific technological developments which we expect can increase the present efficiency by a factor of 3. These specific technological developments are the focus and the main innovations of this project: High UV transmissivity glass reactor (up to 90 %, 1 mm wall thickness) in the solar UV range (310 to 400 nm) Solar collector upgrading design to minimize land required avoiding losses by collector shadows. Catalyst upgrading and supporting Highly UV reflective surface (up to 95 %) Demonstration of technical and economical feasibility under real conditions. It is expected that commercial systems ready for industrial use will be available within two years after termination of the project, and typical applications will use from 50 to a few hundred square meters field. The partners are convinced that this seems to be a unique opportunity to the industrial development of a remarkable environmental technology (the process works even with clouds as the UV radiation is not absorbed by atmospheric water and reaches the earth surface as diffuse component), the embryo of which has been developed by other EU Programs. The technology is also ecological as all the components are very simple and common materials. Also, first market estimations shows a huge potential due to the number of possible applications of the technology. The consortium comprises a solar collector manufacturer (SETSOL), components manufacturers (SCHOTT, CISE), user of the technology (HIDROCEN/HIDRONOR) and an environmental & engineering consulting company (ECOSYSTEM), with the assistance of a worldwide recognized researcher in photocatalysis (UNITO), and solar facilities to process scaling up (DLR in the North of Europe and CIEMAT in the South) .				F
689	IC18980267	nan	Integrated wastewater reuse by solar-catalytic treatment: a pilot study in the textile industry	CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE (CNRS), INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE, TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CLAUSTHAL, INSTITUT FÜR SOLARENERGIE FORSCHUNG GMBH – HAMELN / EMMERTHAL			INSTITUT ALGERIEN DU PETROLE	1998-10-01	2002-03-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[]	[]	[-1.0]	FP4-INCO	3010102	nan				2
713	ENK5-CT-2002-00617	IDEOCONTE	Identification and development of the optimum si-cells concentrator technology for pv power systems (IDEOCONTE)	UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI FERRARA, CENTER FOR SOLAR ENERGY AND HYDROGEN RESEARCH BADEN-WÜRTEMBERG, INSPIRA SL, UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID, UNIVERSITY OF ULSTER	BP SOLAR ESPANA SA			2002-11-01	2006-10-31		FP5	€ 2,557,006.00	€ 1,499,997.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	This project proposes to identify the most adequate level of concentration and tracking system able to achieve the EC costs goals using silicon solar cells. The work will consist of merging the European know how on concentrators in this project, to build 6 types of arrays which concentration levels will range from2X to over 100X, using static, passive and active single-axis tracking and double axis tracking. These systems will incorporate improvements and qualification of previous developed components in order to produce mature prototypes of representative size. Each system will be installed in 3 sites (Stuttgart, Ferraraand Madrid) where simultaneous and uniform monitoring will inform about performance, generation and energy cost of each system in any climate. The information obtained will be of commercial interest to manufacturers who envisage a market for arrays in the 100-to 2000 kWp range in a near future.				F
717	ENK6-CT-2001-00519	CISLINE	Improved ciscut solar cells, manufactured roll-to-roll in a base line – (CISLINE)	INSTITUTE FOR NEW MATERIALS, GENT UNIVERSITY, IST – INSTITUT FUER SOLARTECHNOLOGIEN GMBH, ENERGY RESEARCH CENTRE OF THE NETHERLANDS, FREE ENERGY EUROPE SA, HAHN-MEITNER-INSTITUT BERLIN GMBH	PGE B.V.			2002-01-01	2004-12-31		FP5	€ 1,830,745.00	€ 975,111.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	CISCuT based solar cells, i.e. CIS based solar cells on a flexible and cheap copper tape, and have the potential for photovoltaic low cost production. Objectives are roll-to-roll produced cells of 7 % efficiency (best: 10 %), stability, and prototyping; the latter to estimate production costs and consumer responses. The project is a step to a road map for middle and long-term exploitation with regard to the EC key actions and the target action L. The consortium consists of 5 major participants, 3 associated partners and 1 subcontractor, all well experienced in the relevant tasks’ the CISCuT innovator; 3 major European research institutes; 4 enterprises for metal coatings, equipment manufacturing, production, and distribution, respectively; and a university.				F
742	ENK6-CT-2001-00573	PORTRAIT	Solar cell performance optimisation relating process tracking by imaging techniques with modelling (PORTRAIT)	FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V.*, MAX-PLANCK-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER WISSENSCHAFTEN E.V., PHOTOWATT INTERNATIONAL SA, ENERGY RESEARCH CENTRE OF THE NETHERLANDS, POSITRONICA S.A.	BP SOLAR LTD			2002-01-01	2005-06-30		FP5	€ 1,794,724.00	€ 983,545.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	Objectives and problems to be solved: The aim of the PORTRAIT project is to close a gap in the control and optimisation chain for future PV mass production: Control tools on the production equipment level supervising proper equipment functioning are already in use. Also global control tools at the factory level are available. The project provides the missing link for an effective performance control and optimisation, a tool at the solar cell level, relating raw data measured on cell precursors and finished cells to the final cell performance. Since strong lateral in homogeneities of material as well as of the process related parameters are frequently encountered, 2D data are expected to be essential for a valid prediction of performance variations. Modelling assisted process monitoring on the basis of 2D data will allow to pinpoint performance limits and variations to a specific reason. Description of the work: Four efforts are combined for achieving the project goals. 2D data of cell precursors and cells are retrieved in a comprehensible way in production environment. For this purpose a set of imaging instrumentation needs to be improved to a state where operator independent, fast and reliable results are obtained. The factors, which influence the measurement, need to be identified and controlled. For the first time 2D measurement data will be consequently included. 2. A software tool is developed capable of handling these data and relating them to the actual performance of the solar cells produced in a specific manufacturing line. 3. The proof of correlation of specific parameter variations to cell performance changes is then followed in the next turn by a minimisation of measurement and calculation time by data reduction methods without sacrificing significance’s. The software code is supervised and finalised by an experienced software developer following best practice in order to guarantee easy data interfacing, reliability, maintainability and platform independence. Instrument and software development will be interacting with two different production types in order to finally deliver a widely applicable tool. The goal is, to prove the PORTRAIT method in production at the industrial partners by demonstrating the optimisation capability, while in parallel, the software is developed to a state, that makes it exploitable for solar cell production lines outside the consortium. Expected results and exploitation plans: Key deliverables of the project are: 1. the availability of characterisation techniques necessary to provide laterally resolved parameters in a short time, 2. a network model capable of handling 2D parameters, 3. the proof of the direct relevance for solar cell performance in production, 4. the final PORTRAIT software tool.				F
750	ENK6-CT-2001-00561	FANTASI	Fast and novel manufacturing technologies for thin multicrystalline silicon solar cells – (FANTASI)	TECHNION – ISRAEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MIKRO-ELEKTRONICA CENTRUM VZW, MERCK KGAA, DUPONT UK LTD, ASTEC HALBLEITERTECHNOLOGIE GMBH, UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI FEDERICO II	RWE SCHOTT SOLAR GMBH			2002-01-01	2004-12-31		FP5	€ 3,660,047.00	€ 1,999,992.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	Objectives: As stated in the 5th FWP, the cost targets for PV systems are 7 and 3 Euro/Wp for the short and medium term, respectively. The aim for the PV module cost is < 1 Euro/Wp by 2010, helping to reach the White Paper target of 3 GWp capacity by 2010. These issues are addressed by the objectives of this proposal. The basic project aim is a significant reduction of the manufacturing cost/Wp by the development of innovative cell structures and related fast (>1dm²/3s) low-stress manufacturing technologies suitable for thin (200 micrometer) EFG Si sheets and multicrystalline Si wafers, leading to efficiencies of 15.0% (EFG) and 16.5% (multi-Si) and a reduction of expensive Si-feedstock consumption to values below 4 gr. Si/Wp. The feasibility of cost reduction has to be validated at the end of the project by verification of the assumptions in the MUSIC -FM study (CT94 0008). Work performed: In parallel three alternative texturing processes have been developed. Two of these processes result in an isotropically textured surface. These processes rely on acidic etching solutions. The first texturing process is only suited for multicrystalline wafers that are diced from an ingot because the etching mechanism relies on the saw damage from wafer dicing. Because this process is not suited for EFG Si wafers (no saw damage present) another chemical solution has been developed for EFG wafers. A third texturing technology is based on an alkaline texturing set-up that applies a high cathodic potential by attaching an electrode to the wafer. Thus short-etching times can be achieved and the regime of alkaline etching can be varied in a wide range. While the first two technologies have been successfully applied to the production of solar cells, the third alternative is still on a more fundamental level. Textured surfaces are one of the key features that are required to successfully produce highly efficient solar cells on thin wafers. A wet bench that is suited for isotexturing and pre-diffusion cleaning has been designed and is currently manufactured within the project. Diffusion processes for shallow homogeneous emitters have been developed and optimised resulting reproducibly on target sheet resistance values of about 60 ohm/sq. Alternative attempts to develop selective emitter processes require still more effort in the development of adequate P pastes and the respective processes. Therefore, P pastes have been developed and investigated. These pastes are developed for resulting in respective target emitter sheet resistance values and P surface concentrations when applied in the same optimised diffusion process. Issues like possible Fe contamination and diffusion glass removal after diffusion had to be analysed in more detail. A shallower light receiving emitter region is important if thinner solar cells are to produce high conversion efficiencies. A novel edge isolation mechanism to locally interrupt a parasitic diffusion area at the rear side has been developed. This concept is based on a KOH containing paste that should be applied by a dispenser, dried and subsequently washed off. KOH pastes have been developed by two project partners. The concept allows achieving (at least for one of these pastes) good fill factor values and thus successfully interrupts the diffused area between front and rear side contacts. The biggest advantage of this method is that it is a technology that doe not apply mechanical stress to the wafer. Thus the selective KOH Si etching is suited for thin and fragile large area wafers. Novel metallisation pastes have been developed. New Ag paste formulations allow contacting shallow emitter regions (60 ohm/sq.). The solar cells manufactured with these pastes and shallow emitters showed the potential to result in excellent Jsc and FF values above 76 %. Thus the benefit of selective emitters compared to those shallow emitters is reduced and it is no more a must to go for a selective emitter development. At the same time alternative Al pastes have been developed that reduce the wafer bowing that is resulting from different thermal expansion coefficients of Al and Si after firing. This is very much needed when solar cells are processed from thin (200 µm) large area wafers. It could be shown that the wafer bowing on thin wafers can be reduced to less than 1 mm without loosing in efficiency. Several alternative concepts for the rear side metallisation applying only local rear side contacts have been evaluated and investigated. These concepts for rear side metallisation include boron diffusions from B pastes, SiNx:H passivation and an Al paste firing through the nitride layer. The integration of a local rear contact structure into an industrially advantageous processing sequence will still require more investigations and efforts. A characterisation method that is suited to determine the bulk lifetime and surface recombination velocity of wafers at all stages of the processing sequence has been developed, built up and successfully tested. First processes integrating the advantageous processes and pastes that were developed so far have been executed successfully in an industrial pilot line environment. Results and Dissemination plans: Good progress has been achieved in all work packages of the project. All deliverables and milestones that were foreseen until the MTA meeting were fulfilled. – Isotexturing processes have been developed and successfully demonstrated for both, multicrystalline wafers and EFG sheets. A wet bench that is suited for pre-diffusion cleaning and iso-texturing has been developed, designed and is currently under construction. – P pastes resulting in two different target emitter sheet resistance values and P surface concentrations (A: 1019 P atoms/cm3; B: >1020 P atoms/cm3) when applied in the same optimised diffusion step have been developed and investigated. Samples of a boron paste has been supplied as well. – Diffusion processes for homogeneous shallow emitter diffusion (60 ohm/sq.) have been developed, applied and optimised. – An advanced method for the parasitic edge removal applying no stress to the thin wafers has been developed based on a novel KOH paste suited for selective Si and PSG etching. Resulting fill factors of 76% and higher for POCl3 diffused solar cells demonstrate clearly that the parasitic junction removal is successfully performed with this contactless method. – Ag pastes allowing to contact shallow emitters (60 ohm/sq.) have been developed, supplied to the project partners and successfully applied after optimising the contact firing step. – Al pastes resulting in lower wafer bowing (= 1 mm bow on =125 x 125 mm2 wafers; full Al BSF) without degrading the Al back surface field (BSF) have been developed and successfully tested. – A transverse probe double wavelength lifetime measurement set-up has been designed, built up and successfully tested. This set-up is in principle suited to extract and monitor the minority carrier lifetime in the wafer bulk and the surface recombination velocities of the rear and front surfaces and thus will help further process optimisation – Necessary improvement for handling and metallisation printing of thin wafers has been identified and specified. – Alternative rear side metallisation schemes applying local rear contacts, rear surfaces passivation and reflector layers and suited isolation processes are under development – First attempts to run advanced integrated process sequences that are suited for thin mc-Si and EFG wafers have been successfully executed. – Solar cell efficiencies in excess of 16.1 % have been achieved on thin mc-Si wafers (MTA milestone: > 15.5 %)- Solar cell efficiencies of 14.5% on 200 µm thin and > 15 % on 300 µm thick 100 cm2, 3 ohm cm EFG wafers have been demonstrated (MTA milestone on thin EFG: 14.5 %).The advantageous results will be individually exploited by the respective project partners as described in the TIP (technology implementation plan). Merck and DuPont will try to commercialise the respective developed pastes. Astec will try to commercialise the developed wet bench concept. RWE SCHOTT Solar will try to implement the developed integral processing sequences including iso-texturing and shallow emitters. IMEC will disseminate the developed technologies through journal articles and conference proceedings and offer to transfer the gained know-how to interested PV companies. DIE-UNAP will offer the developed characterisation possibilities as commercially available service for a wider public and publish the scientifically relevant progress. Technion will publish the fundamental scientific know-how that has been gained and apply the etching and texturing technology also to other fields in the micro-electronic sector.				F
751	ENK5-CT-2001-00513	TWINGO	Fabrication of a 20% efficient silicon solar cell by a cost effective industrial process (TWINGO)	FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V.*, JOINT STOCK COMPANY PILLAR, UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID, TOPSIL SEMICONDUCTER MATERIALS A/S	BP SOLAR ESPANA SA			2002-02-01	2005-01-31		FP5	€ 2,825,082.00	€ 1,412,540.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	Objective and problems to be solved: The project aims to develop monocrystalline silicon cells of over 20% efficiency by methods which lead to an overall reduction in module cost towards the 1 €/Wp target of the Work Programme. Furthermore, the use of very high efficiency cells and hence modules can reduce balance of systems costs through lower area requirements, lower structure costs, less module interconnection and less installation time. This can contribute to achieving the 3€/Wp PV systems cost target. The objective is to develop new monocrystalline silicon wafer substrate materials that do not suffer light induced degradation, and to use these wafers to apply laboratory concepts to industrial production to fabricate solar cells over 20% efficiency in 150 m wafers with a cost saving of 30% module cost compared to present manufacturing costs. Description of the work: The challenge is to develop materials which are not as good in quality as the highest quality FZ materials but which are cost effective and of sufficient quality to make 20% efficient solar cells. Alternative processing routes must be developed which can be carried out at high throughput and low capital and consumable costs but yet give high efficiency solar cells. Specifically the technical objectives to be achieved are:- Fabrication of Ga doped Cz wafers which give the same solar cell efficiency when processed with the RP-PERC structure as FZ material- FZ wafers which are grown from lower cost lower grade feedstock to give wafers of the same cost as boron doped CZ wafers on a €/Wp basis.- Laboratory cells of 20% 4 cm2 efficiency grown on Ga doped CZ silicon material and on low cost FZ material- Specification of processes based on either Ga doped CZ silicon material or low cost FZ material which give 20% efficiency cells in high volume industrial processing- Demonstration of 20% cells on 100 cm2 made by a variation of the laser grooved buried grid cell process on an industrial production line using either Ga doped CZ silicon wafers or low cost FZ silicon wafers. Wafer thickness less than 150 µm.- Evaluation of the process economics which show that the developed cells will be 30% cheaper than present cells and the manufacturer of such cells creates no environmental hazards. Expected results and Exploitation plans :The final deliverable is a 20% silicon cell, 100 cm2, 150 m thick, made on an industrial processing line at a cost 30% below present manufacturing costs. The consortium consists of three industrial partners and two research institutes, reflecting the industrial nature of the project and the high potential for commercial exploitation.				F
756	ERK5-CT-1999-00018	FIRST	fuel cell innovative remote energy system for telecom (‘FIRST’)	CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS, FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V.*, CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES ENERGETICAS, MEDIAMBIENTALES Y TECNOLOGICAS, INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE TECNICA AEROESPACIAL ESTEBAN TERRADAS, WÜRTH ELEKTRONIC GMBH&CO KG, NUVERA FUEL CELLS EUROPE SRL	L’AIR LIQUIDE SA			2000-03-01	2004-02-29		FP5	€ 3,400,001.00	€ 1,700,000.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	Photovoltaic powering systems are very used in telecom applications when AC Mains is not available due reliability and simplicity reasons. However, solar powering systems have the problem of sun radiation unpredictability, and relatively high cost and size. These problems could be solved using fuel cells in combination of solar powering systems improving power availability and reducing size and cost (this last parameter in medium term following the European Commission predictions). The main objective of this project is to reduce cost and improve availability-taking advantage of the fuel cell performances (very high energy density, zero emission, soundless, simple, modular, portable and potentially low cost in a medium term) for powering remote telecom equipment.				F
836	NNE5/352/1999	SBH	Solar Boarding House	ENERGY RESEARCH CENTRE OF THE NETHERLANDS, STUDIO E ARCHITECTS LTD, ESBENSEN RAADGIVENDE INGENIOERER, SPICER PARTNERSHIP, MAX FORDHAM ASSOCIATES, DEWHURST MACFARLANE & PARTNERS, HAILEYBURY & IMPERIAL SERVICE COLLEGE	SHELL SOLAR ENERGY BV			2000-01-01	2004-01-31		FP5	€ 8,721,554.00	€ 699,970.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.1.3	Cont. 9. The presentation of results in a form that is meaningful and useful for further work in the field. 10. Determine the market for the PV/T panel and the energy system and preparate a plan for commercial exploitation. 11. Build on and contribute to EU research and development work already undertaken.				F
849	NNE5/430/1999	HIP-HIP	House Integrated Pv – Hightech in Public	AGENCE DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT ET DE LA MAÎTRISE DE L’ENERGIE, INNOVATION ENERGIE DEVELOPPEMENT, ALTERNATIVAS ENERGÉTICAS SOLARES S.A., SAINT GOBAIN GLASS SOLAR GMBH, SED PRODUKTIONS GESMBH, PHOTOWATT INTERNATIONAL, ECOFYS COÖPERATIEF ADVIES EN ONDERZOEKSBUREAU U.A., ANIT S.P.A. – AZIENDA NUOVE INIZIATIVE TECNOLOGICHE	SHELL SOLAR ENERGY BV			2000-01-01	2002-12-31		FP5	€ 44,355,974.00	€ 7,723,963.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.1.3	The PV grid electrification faces technical and non technical barriers to become a reality: availability of materials, impact on the grid, regulatory framework, lack of adequate financing. The objective of the project is to foster the market penetration of grid connected PV systems in Europe by removing these barriers. The project will focus on the integration of pv elements in commercial an domestic buildings. The objectives is to reduce the PV systems cost from 7 euro / WP to 5 to 4.5 Euro / WP the third years. IT will be achieved trough an up – front integration of Pv option in the building sector, based on a strong collaboration with building designers and promoters, and building material manufacturers for the improvement and enhancement of quality of ‘Pv products ‘(titles , roofs components, facade, window glasses). The project aims alsop to strf-hengten the European industry know-how and capability in the perspective system.				F
878	NNE5/460/1999	PERFORM	Optimisation and Demonstration Of Prefabricated Roof Integrated Pv Systems	CENERGIA ENERGY CONSULTANTS, WEBER HAUS GMBH & CO KG, ARQUITECTOS, URBANISTAS E INGENIEROS ASOCIADOS, S.L., ARBEJDERNES BOLIGSELSKAB I GLADSAXE, BRISTOL ENERGY CENTRE LTD, ENERGIEVERSORGUNGS GMBH, ALGARVELUX LDA, HAMBURGISCHE ELEKTRIZITÄTSWERKE AG, ECOFYS COÖPERATIEF ADVIES EN ONDERZOEKSBUREAU U.A., BOUWFONDS WONINGBOUW B.V.	SHELL SOLAR ENERGY BV, ENEL SPA			nan	nan		FP5	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0, -1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.2.3	BIVP is the poorly tuned into the building process. It is therefore a time consuming and expensive activity. To remove this barrier the project PRIDE – Prefabrication of Roof Integrated PV systems was carried out under the JOULE III programme. PRIDE resulted in prefabricated PV systems for sloped residential roofs, leading to an estimated cost level of 7.3 Euro / Wp for the total roof package (including substructure) for small scale project, giving a BIPV cost reduction of more than 10%. The objective of Perform is to optimise and demonstrate Pride, a prefabricated PV concept developed under the JOULE Programme. More specific, the challenges of the project are demonstration of: The low cost; European conformity vs. National fine-tuning; The high quality; The high exploitation potential by: a. Acceptance of the PRIDE concept as a building product; b. Integration of the PRIDE concept in the building process.				F
900	13498	RESPIRE	Renewable energy sources; promotion and integration for the sustainable development of insular regions	CONPHOEBUS . SPA, WHITBYBIRD LTD (PREV. WHITBY BIRD & PARTNERS LTD.), CEGELEC SUD OUEST, ECOLE NATIONALE SUPERIEURE DES MINES DE PARIS, UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE, ISLAY DEVEZLOPMENT COMPANY, INSTITUTE OF COMMUNICATION & COMPUTER SYSTEMS – NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS, INSULA – INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL FOR ISLAND DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNE DE HOEDIC, UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE, WIP – KG, AGENCE DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT ET DE LA MAITRISE DE L’ENERGIE, ASSOCIATION POUR LA RECHERCHE ET LE DEVELOPPEMENT DES METHODES ET PROCESSUS INDUSTRIELS – ARMINES, INSTITUT CATALÀ D’ENERGIA, ISLENET, ETA ENERGIA TRASPORTI AGRICOLTURA S.R.L., INESC PORTO – INSTITUTO DE ENGENHARIA DE SISTEMAS E COMPUTADORES DO PORTO, TRANSENERGIE	ENEL S.P.A., ENEL PRODUZIONE			2006-11-23	2006-02-28		FP5	€ 5,503,502.00	€ 1,999,999.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0, -1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	nan	The role of RESPIRE will be to help the participating countries in overcoming the barriers, to disseminate the experience gained towards the EU member states interested as well as other countries in the developing world. Another main objective is to establish a wide cooperation programme among and to create a network of 100% RES islands, in order to strengthen the role of island population, utilities and administrative entities as global forerunners for the large scale deployment of RES. At the end of the day, RESPIRE will help in: (i) setting up methodological tools for guiding the action of insular territories targeting 100% (ii) validating these methodological tools through the implementation of a significant number of highly innovate RES schemes on island territories, and (iii) developing innovative systems for ensuring the grid stability in the context of variations of power out from the RE power plants.				F
912	9789	SUNCITIES	Large-scale high-density low-emission new housing developments with full integration of Pv in the urban planning process	GEMEENTE LANGEDIJK, KIRKLEES METROPOLITAN COUNCIL, HALLOKATIES C.V., GEMEETE ALKRNAAR, LEBENSRÄUME HAUSBAU UND BAUTRÄGER GMBH, GEMEENTE HEERHUGOWAARD, BOUWFONDS ONTWIKKELING BV, ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, METEO CONTROL GMBH, CONSELLERIA D’ECONOMIA, HISENDA I INNOVACIO (FORMER CONSELLERIA D’ECONOMIA COMERC I INDUSTRIA), LOWRY RENAISSANCE LTD	NV NUON DUURZAME ENERGIE			2006-12-15	2008-02-29		FP5	€ 17,865,703.00	€ 3,998,958.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	nan	This ambitious and innovative project has four objectives. First, European local and regional authorities will demonstrate that they can implement a significant part of the EC targets on CO2 and PV, within their own built environment. Together with relevant market parties such as project developers, utilities and the building industry they will implement zero-emission urban developments with 1760 new houses and 3.05MWp of PV. The second objective is to demonstrate that PV can be implemented in a normal but appealing way when fully integrated in the urban planning and the building process on an entire housing development site. A third objective (but also a result of the integral approach) is the considerable cost reduction to less than 3.5 Euro/Wp in 2004 in several member states for the large-scale application of building integrated PV.				F
934	ENK6-CT-2001-00560	EC2 CONTACT	Environmentally clean efficient, and easy to contact crystalline silicon solar cells (EC2 CONTACT)	ENERGY RESEARCH CENTRE OF THE NETHERLANDS, UNIVERSITAET KONSTANZ, METALOR TECHNOLOGIES FRANCE SAS	RWE SCHOTT SOLAR GMBH			2002-01-01	2004-12-31		FP5	€ 1,055,064.00	€ 652,987.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	The aim of EC2Contact (easy to contact) is to develop a metallisation process for crystalline silicon solar cells that is environmentally clean, highly efficient, and easy and robust processing. We will develop a metallisation process that is lead free, solvent free, and without silver waste. This topic is important to the end-user, partner P4, in applying for ISO14000, an international certified environmental care system. Metallisation is efficiency limiting due to high contact resistance and low conductivity. Our goal is to increase average efficiency by 10% relatively. The front side contact (3%), process yield (3%), and rear side contact (4%) will lead to this increase. Aluminium rear side reduces wafer strength and causes wafers to bend. Recently, scientists have shown that aluminium is necessary for high efficiency. Therefore, we will develop a new way of producing an aluminium rear contact. This will allow 30% thinner wafers to be used in production. We will increase process robustness further by widening the process windows by a factor of two. This will lead to a 3% average efficiency increase approximately. In total, EC2Contact will lead to a cost reduction of 40%.				F
936	NNE5/4/1999	PV INGRID	Integration Of Photovoltaic generators Into European Insular Grids With A Rational Use Of Energy Managed By A European	TRANSENERGIE, LABORATORIES FOR INFORMATION FOOD AND ENERGY, CENTRE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES	TOTAL ENERGIE			2000-01-01	2002-12-31		FP5	€ 11,750,500.00	€ 407,501.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.3.1	This project aims to speed grid connected photovoltaic power generators in insula site of European countries (Spain, French, Greece and Italy). The installation of around 300 various power photovoltaic generators (total up to 1MWp) will benefit from two particular measures.: 1) Development of a Web site, up dated thanks to innovative Internet compatible data loggers; 2) creation of a European Association. The objectives of this project, based on a problem solving approach, are to improve environment issues in islands (pollution, noise, transport and storage of fuel, by increasing the part of a renewable energy source), as well as to develop a European cohesion around the creation of a Web site and an Association. The end-user, able to follow his own consumption pattern and PV production, and assisted by the Association, will increase its awareness of the PV electricity value, then awarded by a Green Certificate.				F
951	ENK5-CT-2001-00552	MOPHET	pv module processing based on silicon heterostructure (MOPHET)	CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES ENERGETICAS, MEDIAMBIENTALES Y TECNOLOGICAS, UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA, SCANWAFER AS, UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES, ITALIAN AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGY, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT	RWE SCHOTT SOLAR GMBH, ENITECNOLOGIE S.P.A.			2001-12-01	2005-01-31		FP5	€ 2,586,378.00	€ 1,090,394.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0, -1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	The present project aims to develop a new process for the automatic assembling of photovoltaic modules. This process guarantees a higher production rate, the possibility to work with large solar cells and lower temperatures, and a minor stress for the cells compared to the present hand-soldered scheme. The latter point gives the opportunity to employ thin film hetero-structures such as mc-Si/x-Si, a-Si/x-Si, TCO/x-Si, which Sanyo has demonstrate to be good structures for high efficiency cells (HIT cells). It will be also interesting to switch from the traditional p-type substrate to n-type one in order to eliminate degradation effects due to Boron-Oxygen pairs. It is expected to achieve heterostructure cells with >15% average efficiency with scrinprinted process and 17% in pilot line with buried contact process.				F
956	ERK6-CT-1999-00014	SUBARO	Substrate and barrier layer optimisation for cvd-grown thin-film crystalline silicon solar cells (‘SUBARO’)	BAYER AG, ITALIAN AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGY, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V.*, DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, H.C. STARCK GMBH AND CO. KG, CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MIKRO-ELEKTRONICA CENTRUM VZW, EVEREST COATINGS	RWE SCHOTT SOLAR GMBH			2000-04-01	2004-09-30		FP5	€ 3,999,656.00	€ 1,999,827.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	A consortium has been formed by partners stemming from research and industry in order to progress towards the development of a cost-effective thin-film crystalline Si technology based on thermally assisted CVD as the deposition technique for the active crystalline Si-layer. The project focuses on three well-defined substrate options: Si-ribbons, conductive ceramics based on infiltrated SiAlON and insulating ceramics based on SiAlON. After the midterm assessment, the most promising conductive, respectively a one-side contacted monolithic module process. The active layers for these devices will be grown in a specifically developed continuous high-throughput CVD-reactor.				F
958	ERK5-CT-1999-00013	HYBRIX	Plug and play technology for hybrid power systems (‘HYBRIX’)	INSTITUT FUER SOLARE ENERGIEVERSORGUNGSTECHNIK E.V, IBERDROLA SA, SMA TECNOLOGIE AG, CESI – CENTRO ELETTROTECNICO SPERIMENTALE ITALIANO GIACINTO MOTTA SPA	BP SOLAR ESPANA SA, DEUTSCHE BP AG			2000-03-01	2003-12-31		FP5	€ 1,949,898.00	€ 974,945.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0, -1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	The project deals with research in AC coupled hybrid systems based on plug and play technology, energy management systems and combination of several energy sources like Solar PV, WIND, DIESEL and, other options in the future. The intention is to develop a system that allows the use of standard equipments in order to reduce the extra cost associated to tailored hardware and the complexity of specific designs for each application. The proposed system will provide a big degree of modularity in terms of installed power capacity and type of connection while maintaining simplicity and reduced cost for application in rural areas. The proposal will be based on the cooperation of several companies and institutes well known in the field of renewable energies and experienced as research center, manufacturer and end users.				F
972	ERK6-CT-1999-00002	FAST-IQ	Fast inline characterisation tools for crystalline silicon material and cell process quality control in the pv-industry (‘FAST-IQ’)	INTERUNIVERSITAIR MIKRO-ELEKTRONICA CENTRUM VZW, ITALIAN INSTITUTE FOR THE PHYSICS OF MATTER, SEMILAB LTD – SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS LABORATORY CO. LTD, UNIVERSITAET KONSTANZ, COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, PHOTOWATT INTERNATIONAL SA, UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO-BICOCCA, ASSING S.P.A.	RWE SCHOTT SOLAR GMBH			2000-04-01	2003-09-30		FP5	€ 2,727,568.00	€ 1,699,999.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	Objectives and problems to be solved: With the development of high throughput photovoltaic production lines, strong efforts are currently undertaken to reach the White Paper target of 3GWp total installed PV-capacity in 2010. However, these high throughput production lines have to be controlled in an efficient way to insure high quality end products, to increase up-times and to reduce material loss due to process deviations. In this project a total quality management for the PV-industry is set up by the development of fast inline characterisation prototypes and analysis tools for quality control from the starting material up to the module, incl. all important mechanical and electrical issues. The main objectives of the project are the following’s. Identification of fast characterisation techniques for Si material, cell and module quality control. Development of characterisation prototypes and analysis tools for the PV-industry. Demonstration of fast inline characterisation in PV pilot production lines. Description of the work: The proposed work comprises the following phases: In phase I experimental work on characterisation methods for each material/cell parameter of interest is carried out, followed by an evaluation phase for the selection of those characterisation methods with a potential of sac/wafer. The following parameters are under investigation: for feedstock material the lifetime and resistively, a prerequisite for ingot quality improvement; for wafers prior to cell processing the lifetime, resistively, thickness, roughness and mechanical stability; for wafers during cell processing the lifetime, organic impurities and emitter sheet resistance; for cells the IV-parameters; and finally for modules the mechanical and electrical qualities. In phase II fast industrial prototypes will be designed and constructed by equipment manufacturers. Additional experimental work focuses on those characterisation methods, which have theoretically the wafer/wafer potential but are practically not enough developed. For techniques not fulfilling the wafer/wafer target a handling interface for wafer exchange between production and characterisation prototypes is developed. In parallel to the construction of the characterisation prototypes a data collection and analysis methodology is established. In phase III the industrial characterisation prototypes and the analysis methodology is integrated in pilot production lines for throughput and quality tests. Additionally, sending samples from the manufacturers to those partners owing the experimental prototypes carries out throughput tests with the experimental prototypes. Finally, a cost evaluation for the technology integration of the characterisation methods into the pilot production lines is performed to demonstrate the economic benefit of the total quality management approach. Expected Results and Exploitation Plans: From the project the development of at least two fast inline characterisation prototypes is expected, followed by their implementation into one PV pilot production line resulting in increased output quality, reproducibility and productivity. In addition improved cell classification and string testing target a 5% relative increase in module efficiency. Furthermore also chances to exploit the obtained knowledge for other applications are given, e.g. total quality control within a future thin film cell technology, offering increased and diversified business opportunities especially for equipment manufacturers.				F
975	ENK6-CT-2000-00321	DOIT	Development of an optimized integrated thin film silicon solar module (DOIT)	CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE, INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS – ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC, UNIVERSITE DE NEUCHATEL, FREE ENERGY EUROPE SA, UNIVERSITY OF PATRAS, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JUELICH GMBH	RWE SCHOTT SOLAR GMBH			2001-01-01	2003-12-31		FP5	€ 3,884,629.00	€ 1,725,850.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	This project aims at the development of an innovative silicon thin film solar module, exhibiting a stabilised active area efficiency of 11% on a substrate size of 30×30 cm2. The device consists of an amorphous silicon/microcrystalline silicon tandem solar cell (micro morph cell) prepared on a low cost TCO coated glass substrate. In view of industrial production, a deposition rate of at least 4 angstrom/s will be achieved for the intrinsic layer of the µc-Si:H bottom cell. Besides the scale-up of state-of-the-art small area micro morph cells prepared by Very High Frequency Glow Discharge, an alternative approach will be followed using lower excitation frequencies, which are more compatible with current a-Si:H production technology. The developments include the module fabrication technology and efficient light trapping schemes. Appropriate characterisation techniques and implementation of advanced plasma control tools will ensure a successful scale-up.				F
981	ENK5-CT-2000-00307	MED2010	Large scale integration of pv and wind power in mediterranean countries (MED2010)	ASSOCIATION POUR LA RECHERCHE ET LE DEVELOPPEMENT DES METHODES ET PROCESSUS INDUSTRIELS, CENTER FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES, OBSERVATOIRE MEDITERRANEEN DE L’ENERGIE, SOCIETE TUNISIENNE DE L’ELECTRICITE ET DU GAZ, RISOE NATIONAL LABORATORY, CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES ENERGETICAS, MEDIAMBIENTALES Y TECNOLOGICAS, NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY AUTHORITY, CESI – CENTRO ELETTROTECNICO SPERIMENTALE ITALIANO GIACINTO MOTTA SPA, ENDESA COGENERACION Y RENOVABLES SA, GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF ELECTRICAL SURVEY AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION	BP SOLAR ESPANA SA			2001-02-01	2002-09-30		FP5	€ 1,132,754.00	€ 566,377.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	The objectives of the MED20l0 proposal are to analyse the ways to integrate on a large scale solar and wind power for electricity production in the Mediterranean countries (both European shore and Southern shore). The expected results of the research are the analysis of RE resources, selection of sites using GIS for solar and wind power plants, elaboration of integration plans, assessment of the potential of green electricity trade and related CO2 emission rights and schemes for market development and financing of renewable energy power plants. This would allow the integration on a large scale of solar and wind power for electricity production in the Mediterranean countries, in accordance with the objectives of the European Union and the Kyoto commitments. The Southern Mediterranean countries will be also studied in order to promote wind and solar power and thus to reduce CO2 emissions in these countries and also as a source of green electricity to be exported to Southern Europe. The work accomplished by the partners within the framework of the project consists in the assessment of the existing resources and the analysis of sites for wind and PV projects using advanced software and GIS (KAMM Model, Wasp, Solargis, Laper, Elvira), training for the use of GIS, the development of wind atlases, the preparation of integration plans and the design of business plans in view of implementing the identified and studied projects. The analysis of institutional, regulatory and financial aspects of wind and PV programs in these countries as well as the new financial instruments available, such as the green certificates, are also of great importance to the study. For wind power, the economic potential of wind power have been estimated in Morocco (6,000 MW), Tunisia (1,000 MW), Egypt (10,000 MW, technical potential 100,000 MW) and Turkey (10,000 MW, technical potential 88,000 MW). Selected sites have also been analysed by Wasp and concerned wind farm potential projects totalling in Morocco (200 MW), Tunisia (150 MW), Egypt (130 MW) and Turkey (70 MW). Integration plans for the selected projects have been elaborated along with analysis of institutional and financial aspects. For PV, because of its low rural electrification rate and high population, the Moroccan PV market is the biggest among the three countries studied in MED2010 (Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt). Indeed, the potential PV market in Morocco amounts 100,000 to 200,000 PV systems, from 6,000 to 15,000 PV systems in Tunisia and 4,500 in Egypt. Thus the integration plan elaborated for Morocco focused on a selected region representing a market of 9,500 PV systems; in Tunisia the target was 50% of the potential PV market, while in Egypt the integration plan concerned the total PV market potential. But despite high RE resources, MED2010 confirmed also the lack of adapted institutional frameworks for large scale integration of wind power and PV in the SEMCs and the need for specific financing schemes in order to the RE market to really develop in the Mediterranean region. This calls for further research and dialogue to deepen the work performed in MED2010 and really make things change. Further research is also needed for capacity building and training. A special attention should also be given to the new flexible mechanisms allowing financing of RE projects, such as the CDM, green certificates and the position of the different Mediterranean countries vis-à-vis the Kyoto Protocol, internalisation of external costs, etc.				F
1010	9862	MEDITERRANEO	Urban photovoltaic awareness	BP SOLAR ESPANA, S.A. SOCIEDAD UNIPERSONAL, SEI-SISTEMI ENEGETICI INTEGRATI S.R.L, NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS (RENES), IT POWER LTD, RENATURA NETWORKS.COM – CONSULTORIA E SERVICOS AMBIENTAIS S.A., TFM ENERGIA SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICA SA	APEX BP SOLAR			2003-08-21	2004-08-31		FP5	€ 6,340,646.00	€ 1,268,129.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	nan	The objectives are to facilitate a step change in the market for PV in the urban environment through an 3 Euro/Wp reduction in installed price. This will be achieved through the selection and standardisation of PV components for building applications – primarily for roof top applications. The programme will result in the installation of 929 kWp of crystalline and thin film, grid connected PV in urban environments in France, Italy, Portugal and Spain. In order to achieve the cost objective, the consortium has been structured to concentrate solely on cost reduction through selection and standardisation. In order to make the project results applicable across most of Europe, the review and standardisation of opponents will also take into account Greece, Germany and the UK, thereby increasing the replication potential across the E.U. at the end of the project.				F
1013	11630	PV-NORD	Widespread exploitation of building integrated photovoltaics in the Nordic dimension of the European Union	KANENERGI AS, SOLPROS AVOIN YHTIOE, HORISUN RENEWABLE ENERGY STRATEGIES, NAPS SYSTEMS OY, DANISH BUILDING AND URBAN RESEARCH, YIT RAKENNUS OY, NCC AB, KUNGL TEKNISKA HOGSKOLAN, ESBENSEN RAADGIVENDE INGENIOERER A/S, AB FAMILJEBOSTAEDER, VEST-AGDER FYLKESKOMMUNE, WHITE ARKITEKTER AB, DE VANFOERES BOLIGSELSKAB FOR KOEBENHAVNS KOMMUNE AFDELING 1, ESSENT ENERGIE, NCC PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT OY	SHELL INTERNATIONAL EXPLOITATION AND PRODUCTION B.V.			2003-08-28	2004-12-31		FP5	€ 2,844,475.00	€ 1,099,969.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	nan	The BIPV industry is developing rapidly in many parts of Europe, while in the Northern Dimension of the EU (i.e. the Baltic Sea Region with related countries) it is just starting to emerge. To achieve the goals of the Kyoto Protocol and the White Paper on Energy, BIPV exploitation has to take place in all countries of Europe. The main PV-NORD objective is to initiate a widespread exploitation of BIPV in the Northern Dimension. At the project end in 2005, at least 5MWp of grid-connected PV will be installed or planned in Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Norway. The same year the Baltic States will also have their first BIPV projects under way.				F
1027	11599	EDEN PV	Eden project photovoltaic system	FABRIEK VAN PLAATWERKEN VAN DAM BV, THE EDEN TRUST, SMA REGELSYSTEME GMBH	BP SOLAR LTD			2001-12-13	2005-06-30		FP5	€ 1,383,821.00	€ 484,335.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	nan	The objectives of the project are: – Provoke public interest in a highly visible application of photovoltaics – Demonstrate large scale grid-connect PV to 1,000,000\ visitors per year at Eden – Achieve a low installed system cost using novel tensioned cable support structure – Provide high visual impact within the Eden setting – Contribute to sustainability by increasing renewable energy and reduced emissions – Encourage building of other similar large PV array structures on brownfield sites – Provide base load power for the biome electrical and life-support systems – Support development of international reputation for Eden – Integrate PV technology within the bio- and ecological life sciences at Eden – Educate and inform a diverse public audience through media attention and ICT – Promote political support for PV through high profile of the Eden project				F
1028	13515	SEVILLA PV	The world’s largest double concentration PV system – PV electricity for Southern Europe at lowest costs	APLICACIONES TECNICAS DE LA ENERGIA, S.L., SOLUCAR ENERGIA S.A., INSTITUTO PARA LA DIVERSIFICACION Y EL AHORRO DE LA ENERGIA, SOLARTEC S.R.O., CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES ENERGETICAS MEDIOAMBIENTALES Y TECNOLOGICAS, COMPAIGNE DE SAINT-GOBAIN, ISOFOTON SA, WIP-KG	BP SOLAR ESPANA, S.A.			2006-09-25	2007-07-31		FP5	€ 7,883,561.00	€ 2,759,244.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	nan	The objective of the project is to produce a cost reduction of the PV energy. In order to obtain this objective, two concepts are taken into account: Concentration and Sun tracking. 1.-Concentration is based on reflecting part of the sun radiation over a flat PV panel by using one or two flat mirrors. This way, the panel receives all the radiation coming directly from the sun (and surroundings), and also the reflected radiation in the mirrors. Since mirror square meter cost is some orders of magnitude lower than that of flat PV panel, a cost reduction of the installed capacity is obtained. 2.-Two-axis sun tracking system collects between 35 and 48% more sun energy than a static system, depending on the geographical location. The size scale of each tracking system that will be used in the plant is around 90m2.				F
1029	2136	C-RATING	Test, rating and specification of Pv concentrator components and systems	UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID, EUROPEAN COMMISSION, DIRECTORATE GENERAL JRC, FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FURDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V., ANGEWANDTE SOLARENERGIE – ASE GMBH (ASE), INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO Y DE ENERGIAS RENOVABLES, S.A., RWE SPACE SOLAR POWER GMBH	RWE SOLAR GMBH, RWE SPACE SOLAR POWER GMBH			2003-07-01	2003-06-01		FP5	€ 1,011,470.00	€ 500,000.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0, -1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	nan	The purpose of this project is to define standard methods and criteria for testing, rating and specifying PV concentrator components systems, in order to make possible the marketing of these products with the same degree of guarantee reached for conventional flat modules. A ‘book’ with the conclusions of the work carried out by experts representing all the PV actors, from scientists, laboratories, official qualification centres, manufacturers and final users, will be issued to present the proposals to the PV community. This draft including the proposed standards, the minimum required specifications, the recommended testing and monitoring procedures will be disseminated to public, as a basis for open discussion in order to state an European (or world-wide, if possible) directive before year 2004.				F
1033	ENK6-CT-2001-00529	FLASH	Fast Low Thermal Budget Large Area System for High Throughput Solar Cell Production – (Flash)	FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V.*, COMMISSARIAT A L’ENERGIE ATOMIQUE, JOINT INDUSTRIAL PROCESSORS FOR ELECTRONICS S.A.R.L., ACR AUTOMATION IN CLEANROOM GMBH, QUALIFLOW SA	RWE SCHOTT SOLAR GMBH, ENITECNOLOGIE S.P.A.			2002-01-01	2004-12-31		FP5	€ 2,996,380.00	€ 1,498,189.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0, -1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	The interest of Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) in the field of photovoltaic has already been demonstrated at a laboratory level: such systems have the potentiality of improving the throughput by reducing the thermal budget and therefore the cost, while maintaining high cell efficiency. However, presently, no industrial RTP system exists, assuring production throughput conditions. The objective of the project is to develop an industrial RTP system adapted to Photovoltaic cells production that will be applicable to all main thermal steps in the fabrication of solar cells: Rapid Thermal diffusion (RTD) Rapid Thermal oxidation (RTO) Rapid Thermal contact Firing (RTF) with the objective of a throughput of 1 cell per second (up to 30MWp/year).				F
1035	ENK6-CT-2002-00640	LATECS	Large-grain thin-film crystalline si solar cells on ceramics (LATECS)	CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE, VITO – VLAAMSE INSTELLING VOOR TECHNOLOGISCH ONDERZOEK NV, CERAMICA INDUSTRIAL MONTGATINA S.A., INTERUNIVERSITAIR MIKRO-ELEKTRONICA CENTRUM VZW, ELECTRICITE DE FRANCE	DOW CORNING SA			2002-12-01	2005-11-30		FP5	€ 2,398,762.00	€ 1,199,380.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	Objectives and problems to be solved: The consortium, consisting of partners stemming from research and industry, wants to elaborate a cost-effective thin-film crystalline Si solar cell technology, based on thermally assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) as deposition technique. The low-cost substrate to be developed further within this project is mullite, a ceramic consisting of Al2O3 and SiO2. The project wants to focus on the realisation of a solar device-worthy thin crystalline Si-film on this substrate by proposing a number of innovative approaches. These approaches avoid the complexity of processes in which zone melting recrystallisation is involved to increase the grain size. These innovative techniques have in common their ability to control and to increase the grain size of the film in which the active layer is produced. A previous European Project (SFINCS: JOR3-CT98-0233) has established the potential of mullite as a low-cost substrate for thin-film crystalline Si solar cells. Cost predictions indicate that its cost can be as low as 30-40 Euro/m2, which is the lowest amongst the substrate candidate materials at the moment. This substrate is also compatible with CVD to realise the active layer. The suitability of this substrate is further evidenced by the relatively high efficiencies obtained in solar cells on mullite (8-9% under AM1.5) in Si-layers recrystallised by Zone Melting Recrystallisation (ZMR), which did not suffer from cracks thanks to the good match between the thermal expansion coefficients of mullite and Si. In order to avoid the complexity of ZMR, this project proposal proposes to control and increase the grain size of the active film by an innovative approach. Description of the work: This approach aims at increasing the grain size by deposition of the Si-layer on a dielectric layer with low viscosity. As a result of the enhanced mobility of the Si-adatoms over the surface of this low-viscosity layer (the surface approaches the features of a liquid surface) and the ability of the Si-nuclei to rotate on this surface, large Si-grains can be formed with grain boundaries which take a low-energy configuration. In addition, the dielectricum that is applied through spin coating can act as a barrier or even as a dopant source when P or B is added to the spinning solution. The potential of the approach will be studied by realising a truly monocrystalline Si-film on the mullite substrate (grain size =?) by lift-off and transfer of a porous Si-film onto the mullite substrate, allowing the Si-substrate to be reused several times. This quasi-monocrystalline Si-film will then be thickened by an epitaxial deposition step resulting in a high-quality film, which is processed further into a solar cell. Finally, cells will be realised in the thus obtained Si-layers on mullite using a heterojunction Intrinsic Thin layer emitter approach (HIT) or a classical emitter approach, combined with laser grooving to realise monolithically interconnected modules. In view of the reduction of the grain boundary recombination velocity, cells with an n-type base will be compared to cells with a p-type base. Expected Results: This project should result in a thin-film crystalline Si low-cost PV module with a cost/Wp between 1 and 2 Euro/Wp. More specifically, this objective falls apart into the following aspects ‘Basic study of the proposed approach to avoid ZMR’. An efficiency target of 12% on solar cell level is targeted. A module efficiency of 11% is aimed at (module of 10×15 cm2, consisting of 3 connected cells)				F
1039	ENK6-CT-2002-00666	TOPSICLE	Towards 20 percent mc-si industrial solar cell efficiency	BP SOLAR ESPANA SA, ENERGY RESEARCH CENTRE OF THE NETHERLANDS, UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID, SCANWAFER AS, UNIVERSITAET KONSTANZ, NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY CENTRE	RWE SCHOTT SOLAR GMBH, BP SOLAR ESPANA SA			2002-12-01	2006-03-31		FP5	€ 2,780,843.00	€ 1,599,378.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0, -1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	TOPSICLE is an R&D project to develop a low-cost industrial process for super high-efficiency multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) cells and modules. This project will result in an efficiency of 20% for a 4cm² mc-Si cell, 19% for a 156cm² mc-Si cell and 18% for a full size 36-cell module. The peak power of that module will be 101 Wat. a road map will be made to realise cost effective 20% mc-Si PV modules on an industrial scale. To reach these goals the consortium will develop processes for 1) manufacturing high-quality cast ingots, 2) slicing high-quality thin mc-Si wafers, 3) manufacturing super high-efficiency mc-Si solar cells techniques. TOPSICLE will strongly contribute to the White Paper targets (3GWp installed in 2010, <2.5€/Wp, 3Mtn/yr CO_2 reduction) and will increase Europe's competitive position considerably. The results of TOPSICLE will reduce the energy-pay-back time of the mc-Si based PV systems to 2-3 years.				F
1045	ENK6-CT-2002-00705	INDHI	Industrially scalable high efficiency silicon solar cells (INDHI)	CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE, SOLTECH NV, ITALIAN AGENCY FOR NEW TECHNOLOGY, ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, INSTITUT FUER SOLARENERGIEFORSCHUNG GMBH; HAMELN/EMMERTHAL, COMMISSARIAT A L’ENERGIE ATOMIQUE, UNIVERSITAET KONSTANZ, JERUSALEM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY	ENITECNOLOGIE S.P.A.			2003-01-01	2005-12-31		FP5	€ 1,789,996.00	€ 1,088,880.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	Aim of the present project is to transfer lab scale high efficiency cell results into a real industrial environment, by developing a new fabrication process of industrial, large area, multi-crystalline silicon solar cells, which will sort out conversion efficiency values of 17.5-18%, that is, respect to existing industrial production, more than four absolute points efficiency increase, and a 2 absolute points efficiency gain respect to the state of the art. In addition, some innovative, low cost procedures will be studied to go further in the development of industrial cell fabrication. A continuous cost evaluation of the production concepts will be given through yield indicators, to check the effectiveness of the high efficiency technologies on the on-line production cell performances. In this way, the technical-economical risks of the proposal will be reduced. Cost goal is				F
1091	HPRI-CT-1999-40011	EUROCARE	Infrastructure co-operation network in area of combustion and solar energy	CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES ENERGETICAS, MEDIAMBIENTALES Y TECNOLOGICAS, UNIVERSITY OF WALES CARDIFF, CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE, CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE		INTERNATIONAL FLAME RESEARCH FOUNDATION		2000-02-01	2004-01-31		FP5	€ 150,000.00	€ 150,000.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[]	[-1.0]	[]	FP5-HUMAN POTENTIAL	1.4.1.-2.	Description: The main task is the running of the Infrastructure Co-operation Network to facilitate exchange of ideas and good practice amongst the members, improving and developing access to the facilities and dissemination to the community at large through the use of a Virtual Network/Internet. The technical objectives and work programmes are linked to specific study panels and can be defined as: Study Panel 1: High Temperature Characterisation and Materials. Comparison of techniques for characterising high temperature, suitability of new materials for instrumentation development, identification and transfer of good practice. Study panel 2: Requirements for Research and Development. Make proposals for future research and development in the area of combustion, solar energy and hybrid systems for the power, process and furnace technology sectors, examine and compare programmes, trends and directions of non EU countries and consider their impact in the European context. Study panel 3: Industrial Training. Performance of universities and their relevancy to energy intensive industry, analyse the use of the Internet for industrial training using for example Computer Aided Learning techniques, transfer of good practice and improved dissemination. Project Manager: Nicholas Syred Cardiff School of Engineering The Parade Cardiff CFR24 3TA P.O. BOX 685 United Kingdom Tel: \44-2920-874318 Fax: \44-2920-874317 E-Mail: SyredN@cardiff.ac.uk				1
1159	32474	HYDROGEN	Production and storage of hydrogen	THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, CHALMERS TEKNISKA HOEGSKOLA AB, UNIVERSITEIT LEIDEN, SCIENCE INSTITUTE, UNIVERSITY OF ICELAND, TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK, HYDROGEN SOLAR LIMITED, ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÑ©DÑ©RALE DE LAUSANNE, EIDGENѶSSISCHE MATERIALPRѼFUNGS- UND FORSCHUNGSANSTALT, WARSAW UNIVERSITY	SHELL GLOBAL SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL B.V.			2006-09-01	2011-02-28		FP6	€ 1.00-	€ 3,536,726.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP6-MOBILITY	MOBILITY-1.1	The introduction of the hydrogen economy requires breakthrough solutions for the production of hydrogen, and for on-board storage of hydrogen in cars. The network’s aims are to achieve such breakthroughs through research, and to train a new generation of researchers in the skills needed for solving the problems associated with the introduction of the hydrogen economy. In performing the proposed research and through specific training actions, the network will train both early stage researchers (360 person months) and experienced researchers (138 person months). The first research goal of the network is to devise a tandem cell that can convert solar energy to chemical energy with an efficiency of 10%. To achieve this goal, a nano-structured electrode (consisting of iron-oxide, or another oxide), will be developed for use in a photo-electrochemical cell. The development will be based on an atomic scale understanding of the mechanism of photo-oxidation of water on metal-oxide surfaces, to be achieved through experimental and computational research. The second research goal is to find the best possible reversible hydrogen storage material, with a capacity of greater than 5wt%. To achieve this goal, experimental and computational research will be performed on complex metal hydrides (alanates and boro-hydrides), and metal ammines. We aim at determining the atomic scale mechanisms that underlie catalysed hydrogen release and uptake, and reversibility. The network’s researchers work in applied and fundamental physics and chemistry, and eight partners come from academia and two from industry. The interdisciplinary character of the network ensures the presence of the wide range of expertise needed to achieve breakthrough solutions and provide training on a European scope. The intersectorial character ensures that promising methods for production and storage developed by the academic partners can be further developed and scaled up by the industrial partners.				F
1223	19670	ATHLET	Advanced Thin-Film Technologies for Cost Effective Photovoltaics	STICHTING ENERGIEONDERZOEK CENTRUM NEDERLAND, UNIVERSITE DE NEUCHATEL, CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES ENERGETICAS, MEDIOAMBIENTALES Y TECNOLOGICAS, CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE (CNRS), EIDGENOESSISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE ZUERICH, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JUELICH GMBH, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUM, FYZIKALNI USTAV AV CR, IZT INSTITUT FUER ZUKUNFTSSTUDIEN UND TECHNOLOGIEBEWERTUNG GMBH, UNIVERSITEIT GENT, SULFURCELL SOLARTECHNIK GMBH, SAINT-GOBAIN RECHERCHE SA, SOLARION GMBH, UNIVERSITY OF NORTHUMBRIA AT NEWCASTLE., UNIVERSITY OF PATRAS, ZENTRUM FUER SONNENENERGIE- UND WASSERSTOFF-FORSCHUNG, BADEN-WUERTEMBERG, UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI, FREIE UNIVERSITAET BERLIN, APPLIED MATERIALS GMBH & CO. KG, AVANCIS GMBH, HELMHOLTZ-ZENTRUM BERLIN FÜR MATERIALIEN UND ENERGIE GMBH, SCHOTT SOLAR THIN FILM GMBH, ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE, EIDGENÖSSISCHE MATERIALPRÜFUNGS- UND FORSCHUNGSANSTALT, OERLIKON SOLAR AG, TRÜBBACH	SHELL SOLAR GMBH			2006-01-01	2009-12-31		FP6	€ 17,849,763.00	€ 10,493,535.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.2.4	Long term scenarios for a sustainable global development suggest that it should be feasible by the middle of this century to provide over 80% of the electric power by a mix of energy from renewable sources. Photovoltaics (PV) is one important option which can provide a significant share of over 30% to such a mix. According to the learning curve for cost reduction of photovoltaics, thin film solar cells will play a major role. The APAS study, assigned by the European Commission, has shown that for large-capa city facilities (> 60 MW/year per plant) the manufacturing costs for thin film modules will become substantially lower, compared to crystalline silicon wafer modules. This project focuses on the most promising material and device options for thin film t echnologies, namely cadmium-free cells and modules, based on amorphous, micro- and polycrystalline silicon as well as on I-III-VI2-chalcopyrite compound semiconductors. The overall goal is to provide the scientific and technological basis for an industrial mass production of cost effective and highly efficient, environmentally sound, large-area thin film solar cells and modules. By drawing on a broad basis of expertise, the entire range of module fabrication and supporting R&D will be covered: Substrate s, semiconductor and contact deposition, monolithic series interconnection, encapsulation, performance evaluation and applications. The main objectives are: – significantly reducing the cost/efficiency ratio: towards 0.5 Euro/Wp on the long run – providing the know-how and the scientific basis for large-area PV modules by identifying and testing new materials and technologies with maximum cost reduction – developing the process know-how and the production technology as well as the design and fabrication of specialised equipment resulting in low costs and high yield in the production of large area thin film modules.				F
1283	19718	PERFORMANCE	A science base on photovoltaics performance for increased market transparency and customer confidence	FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V, ISOFOTON S.A., COMMISSARIAT A L’ENERGIE ATOMIQUE (CEA), ZENTRUM FUER SONNENENERGIE- UND WASSERSTOFF-FORSCHUNG, BADEN-WUERTEMBERG, PROJEKTGESELLSCHAFT SOLARE ENERGIESYSTEME MBH, EUROPEAN PHOTOVOLTAIC INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION, CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES ENERGETICAS, MEDIOAMBIENTALES Y TECNOLOGICAS, POLITECHNIKA WROCLAWSKA, COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES – DIRECTORATE GENERAL JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE, TUV IMMISSIONSSCHUTZ UND ENERGIESYSTEME GMBH, ENERGIEONDERZOEK CENTRUM NEDERLAND, LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY, SCUOLA UNIVERSITARIA PROFESSIONALE DELLA SVIZZERA ITALIANA (SUPSI), UNIVERSITY OF NORTHUMBRIA AT NEWCASTLE, CONERGY AG, SCHOTT SOLAR GMBH, SCHEUTEN SOLAR SYSTEMS BV, OSTERREICHISCHES FORSCHUNGS UND PRUFZENTRUM ARSENAL GES.M.B.H, BEN GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV., TALLINNA TEHNIKAULIKOOL, HOCHSCHULE MAGDEBURG-STENDAL, SVERIGES PROVNINGS- OCH FORSKNINGSINSTITUT AB, POLYMER COMPETENCE CENTER LEOBEN GMBH, ECOFYS B.V., IT POWER LIMITED, PSE GMBH – FORSCHUNG, ENTWICKLUNG, MARKETING, AVANCIS GMBH & CO. KG, METEOCONTROL GMBH, WUERTH ELEKTRONIK RESEARCH GMBH, PSE AG., PHOENIX SOLAR AG	SHELL SOLAR GMBH			2006-01-01	2009-12-31		FP6	€ 11,809,940.00	€ 6,999,939.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.2.4	The European PV market is developing rapidly, with new products and services, new actors and technologies emerging constantly while overall business grows by over 30% a year. During such growth of market and industry it is of particular importance to lay a sound basis of understanding of the quality and performance of products and systems, harmonise procedures for their testing and labelling and disseminate this knowledge to all involved players. Customers, manufacturers and service providers today ask for increased transparency and increased confidence and planning reliability. And they will all benefit from a joint effort on pre-normative research on performance assessment of photovoltaics presented here. The PERFORMANCE project covers all pre-normative as pects from cell to system level and from instantaneous device characterisation and system measurement to their life-time performance prediction and assessment. The limitations of current indoor and outdoor calibration measurement technology will be investi gated and precision will be improved, covering current technologies as well as new and advanced cell and module concepts. Methods will be developed to connect from measurements of module power to module energy production. In a third pillar, methodologies f or the assessment of the life-time performance of PV modules will be developed. Based on all these work packages, a modelling and analysis programme will provide the analytical understanding of PV performance in the broad and systematic manner mentioned ab ove. Following this work programme, PERFORMANCE will produce a consistent set of measurement and modelling methodologies to create the transparency needed for the European market and industry. Next to this significant scientific effort, intense involvement of all European companies along the value chain will be organised systematically through feedback loops. Project results will be fed directly into standardisation processes on CENELEC and IEC level.				F
1325	502626	HICONPV	High Concentration PV Power System (HICONPV)	BEN GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV, ELECTRICITE DE FRANCE, SOLUCAR ENERGIA S.A., CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES ENERGETICAS, MEDIOAMBIENTALES Y TECNOLOGICAS, FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V., PSE GMBH – FORSCHUNG, ENTWICKLUNG, MARKETING, UNIVERSITY OF MALTA, DEUTSCHES ZENTRUM FUER LUFT UND RAUMFAHRT E.V.	RWE SPACE SOLAR POWER GMBH			2004-01-01	2006-12-31		FP6	€ 4,899,616.00	€ 2,699,924.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.2.4	The project aim is to develop, set up and test a new cost-effective high concentration PV system with a concentration of 1000. The cost goal for the proposed type of system is 1 ?/Wp until 2015. The most challenging task will be the development of a high-efficient Ill-V-receiver with a module area of about 100 cm². Such a large Compact Concentrator Module (CCM) with a power of about 2 kWp has not been designed before. The CCM will consist of several Monolithic Integrated Modules (MIM), each with an area of some cm2. Whereas Silicon solar cells are restricted to a concentration of less than 500x and to a efficiency of about 20%, solar cells based on Ill-V-technology can reach much higher efficiencies and allow very high concentration ratios. Due to the modularity of the MIM-CCM-concept, systems based on this technology may range between 2 kW and several MW. In this project it will be applied to different concentrator technologies. Firstly, proven cost-efficient solar thermal power plant concentrators – such as parabolic dishes or power towers – will be reviewed, their flux distribution, optical accuracy and reliability analysed and adapted for high-concentration PV. Secondly, a new concentrator will be designed with an aperture area of a few m², tailored to specifications such as homogeneous solar flux distribution. System efficiency of the prototype modules will be determined under solar operation in Germany, Spain and Israel. Standards and methodology for measuring the efficiency of the PV modules at high solar flux density will be prepared. It will be developed a system-integrated inverter optimised for the requirements of the system. An adequate cooling system will be developed for the module. With the test results, parameters will be defined and performance simulation will be carried out in order to predict the success of a larger system. Costs and resources will be analysed and a roadmap for technology implementation will be presented.				F
1333	502583	CRYSTAL CLEAR	Crystalline Silicon PV: Low-cost, highly efficient and reliable modules (CRYSTAL CLEAR)	ISOFOTON S.A., UNIVERSITEIT UTRECHT, UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID, ENERGIEONDERZOEK CENTRUM NEDERLAND, DEUTSCHE SOLAR AG, FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V., INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONIKA CENTRUM VZW, SCANWAFER ASA, UNIVERSITAET KONSTANZ, CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE, DEUTSCHE CELL GMBH, PHOTOWATT INTERNATIONAL S.A.S., RENEWABLE ENERGY CORPORATION ASA, SCHOTT SOLAR GMBH, SOLARWORLD INDUSTRIES DEUTSCHLAND GMBH	BP SOLAR LTD, BP SOLAR ESPANA SA			2004-01-01	2009-06-30		FP6	€ 28,140,140.00	€ 16,000,000.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0, -1.0]	[]	[]	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.2.4	Crystal-Clear intends to develop innovative manufacturing technology for crystalline silicon photovoltaic (chi PV) modules. This is required to reach the EU 2010 target of 3GWp installed PV power at 1Eur/Wp module costs. This breakthrough will be realised by joining the critical mass of the European R&D institutes and PV industry. For the past 3 years all added production capacity was chi based, and 90% of all PV modules produced arcs based, making it the dominant technology and all partners expect it to remain so for the next 20 years. Cost reduction potential is large. Manufacturing costs of 1Eur/Wp are attainable by 2010.Japanese industry threatens EU PV industry. Japanese market share increased from 23 to 49% whereas European share dropped from 32 to 22% since 1994. Crystal-Clear is the right consortium to achieve the goal to regain 30% market share within 10 years; all leading PV manufacturers are represented and will work together. Increase of European market share from 20 to 30% generates an additional cumulative revenue gain of 2-3 billion Euros (70.000 person years) in module sales between 2003 and 2010. Crystal-Clear objectives are to: 1) reduce module production costs by 60%, from 3 to 1Euro/Wp after completion of the project, 2) improve environmental sustainability of production processes and products, 3)improve the competitive position of PV in the energy market by increasing quality and applicability. The entire production chain from silicon feedstock to module assembly will be innovated as to reach these objectives. Most important innovations are: 80% increased ingot size by charging silicon during crystallisation, industrialise methods for photon-up and photon-down conversion, single-shot lamination and interconnection, one-material module concept, in-site front cover formation, design for environment and recycling, and a cradle-to-grave sustainable manufacturing concept.				F
1354	38547	TECH4CDM	Selected renewable energy and energy efficient technologies for cdm opportunities in Latin American countries	EUROPEAN PHOTOVOLTAIC INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION, INSTITUTO PARA LA DIVERSIFICACIÓN Y AHORRO DE LA ENERGÍA, COMISIÓN NACIONAL PARA EL AHORRO DE LA ENERGÍA, ASOCIACIÓN SOLAR DE LA INDUSTRIA TÉRMICA, CENTRO DE CONSERVACIÓN DE ENERGÍA Y DEL AMBIENTE, COMISIÓN NACIONAL DE ENERGÍA	ASOCIACIÓN EMPRESARIAL EÓLICA			2008-01-28	2009-07-27		FP6	€ 908,605.00	€ 899,094.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1;SUSTDEV-1.1.8	The main objective of this project is to realised a thematic promotion of selected RES and Energy Efficient technologies in Mexico, Ecuador, Peru, Argentina and Chile optimising the opportunities opened by the Clean Development Mechanism, identifying potential for small and large scale projects with the aim to support developers and EU companies to invest in the region. These 5 countries have been chosen on the grounds of the favourable regulatory framework they are experiencing now towards the application of RES and RUE policies. Thematic promotion of wind energy, polygeneration, solar heating and cooling and rural electrification technologies will be realised, depending on the specific, legal and technical conditions of each country. This project will promote the transfer of EU clean energy technologies between Europe and Latin America with the following objectives: – To contribute with the sustainable development through the promotion of clean energy technologies				F
1433	508202	SISI	Silicon for solar cells at low costs on an intermediate scale	NORWEGIAN CRYSTALLITES AS, METALLKRAFT AS, S’ENERGY B.V., SCANARC PLASMA TECHNOLOGIES AB, ENERGIEONDERZOEK CENTRUM NEDERLAND		SINTEF – STIFTELSEN FOR INDUSTRIELL OG TEKNISK FORSKNING VED NORGES TEKNISKE HOEGSKOLE AS		2004-09-15	2006-11-14		FP6	€ 1,918,500.00	€ 1.00-	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[]	[-1.0]	[]	FP6-SME	SME-1	Crystalline Silicon photovoltaic (PV) cells will be the dominant technology for the next 20 years with a 30% average annual growth rate. Currently 17% of module costs relate to feedstock. Even though cells will be thinner and more efficient demand, for s olar grade silicon (sog-Si) will grow from the current 7,000 metric tons (priced at 25-30 Euro/kg) to over 20,000 metric tons per year in 2010. A dedicated sog-Si source is needed or growth will stagnate and feedstock prices will increase to 40-60 Euro/kg jeopardising compliance with the EC White Paper objectives. SISI aims at alleviating the PV industry dependence on the limited and expensive supply of silicon from the electronics industry. The consortium is convinced that the most promising option to provide the very large quantities of high-purity silicon required is the direct carbothermic reduction of quartz. The 6 SISI partners include the major European industry and institutes with expertise in ultra-high-purity quartz, silicon production & purification, and solar cell-processing. The project’s goal is to demonstrate on an intermediate scale (approx. 200 kg per batch) an integral direct carbothermic route for sog-Si production that can be industrialised. In the preceding SOLSILC project, the direct carbothermic process was developed basedon a selected combination of raw materials and a two-step silicon production process with silicon carbide as an intermediate product. In the SPURT project the most economical large-scale purification techn iques were selected. This combination of technologies is integrally scaled-up in the SISI project, with the following innovations: optimised raw material preparation and furnace operation for a stable and high-yield Si-production, Suitable quartz purific ation and pelletisation techniques. transfer of the purification techniques to intermediate scale, including new steps such as filtering. To this end, the new partner Elkem, the world’s main producer of silicon, adds expertise to the SOLSILC process. The project is organised in 6 work packages, which follow the value chain and production steps: Raw materials, Si-production, Purification, Wafer & cell process, Technology implementation, and Consortium management. Several integral production runs wi ll be executed from raw materials to cells, to prove the reproducibility of the results. A successful completion of the project results in the initialisation of a pilot plant.				1
1436	19811	FOXY	Development of solar-grade silicon feedstock for crystalline wafers and cells by purification and crystallisation	ENERGIEONDERZOEK CENTRUM NEDERLAND, NORGES TEKNISK – NATURVITENSKAPELIGE UNIVERSITET, UNIVERSITAET KONSTANZ, UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO – BICOCCA, DEUTSCHE SOLAR AG, ISOFOTON S.A., FESIL ASA, SCANARC PLASMA TECHNOLOGIES AB, JOINT STOCK COMPANY PILLAR, SUNERGY INVESTCO B.V., INTERNATIONAL SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH CENTER, KONSTANZ E.V.		SINTEF – STIFTELSEN FOR INDUSTRIELL OG TEKNISK FORSKNING VED NORGES TEKNISKE HOEGSKOLE AS		2006-01-01	2008-12-31		FP6	€ 4,711,395.00	€ 2,700,000.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[]	[-1.0]	[]	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.2.4	Within the ‘FoXy’ project, a Europe-wide consortium consisting of small and medium size enterprises, industry, research institutes and universities, intends to support the European goals for the Photovoltaic (PV) industry of decreasing module costs to Euro 1/Wp in 2010 and to have 3 GWp PV installed in 2010. Under the realistic assumption that Si-wafer based PV modules will dominate the market in the coming decade, the FoXy partnership will answer the need of the PV market for low price- and high quality SoG-Si feedstock by: 1. Further developing and optimising refining, purification and crystallisation processes for metallurgical SoG-Si feedstock, as well as recycled n-type electronic grade Si. 2.Optimising associated cell and module processes. 3.Settin g input criteria for metallurgical and electronic n-type silicon as raw materials for SoG-Si feedstock. 4.Transferring the technology from laboratory to industrial pilot tests. Through the proposed EU project collaboration, the FoXy consortium will develo p a close partnership along the whole value chain from feedstock to module production. This lays a foundation for new investments in SoG- Si feedstock production and subsequent commercial use of the material produced. Metallurgical silicon, solar grade si licon and recycled material from new and unexploited sources, will be refined to acceptable purity through electrochemical, metallurgical and physical methods under development. The refined SoG-Si material cost target is below 15? per kg. Subsequent direc tional solidification and Czochralski crystal pulling will be optimised with respect to efficiency and yield. Advanced solar cell processing techniques will be developed on thin (200µm) large area (150x150mm2) wafers aiming at 17% cell efficiency. Materia l and unit characterisation will be carried out at all stages of processing for the purpose of optimisation and in order to define standards for p- and n-type solar grade feedstock.				1
1454	38373	SOLSILC DEMONSTRATOR	Validation of a direct route for production of solar-grade silicon feedstock for crystalline wafers and cells	ENERGY RESEARCH CENTRE OF THE NETHERLANDS (ENERGIEONDERZOEK CENTRUM NEDERLAND), SUNERGY INVESTCO BV, SCANARC PLASMA TECHNOLOGIES AB, FESIL ASA		SINTEF – STIFTELSEN FOR INDUSTRIELL OG TEKNISK FORSKNING VED NORGES TEKNISKE HOEGSKOLE		2007-06-01	2009-05-31		FP6	€ 4,755,200.00	€ 1,499,920.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[]	[-1.0]	[]	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.1.1	Scenario’s show that solar energy will on the long term be the most important energy source, provided that the cost of Photovoltaic (PV) modules will be substantially decreased. Low feedstock availability (priced at 35-100 _/kg) is currently jeopardising compliance with the EC White Paper objectives of decreasing module costs from _3/Wp to _1/Wp and reaching 3 GWp PV installed in 2010. Currently 17% of module costs relate to feedstock. Even though cells will be thinner and more efficient, demand for solar grade silicon (sog-Si) will grow from the current available capacity of 15,000 t/yr to approx. 50,000 t/yr in 2010. A low-cost dedicated sog-Si feedstock source is needed in Europe or growth of total PV industry will stagnate. The ‘Solsilc Demonstrator’ consortium will demonstrate on sufficient scale the working of a new intrinsic low cost metallurgical route to produce sog-Si.				1
1536	268181	ARCHETYPE SW550	Demonstration of innovating parabolic solar trough using an alternative heat transfer fluid producing electricity and fresh water: ARChimede Hot Energy TYPology Enhanced Water Solar 550	INNOVATION EN ALTA TECNOLOGIA SOLAR SL, AGENZIA NAZIONALE PER LE NUOVE TECNOLOGIE, L’ENERGIA E LO SVILUPPO ECONOMICO SOSTENIBILE, SICES POLSKA SP ZOO	ENEL GREEN POWER SPA			2012-01-01	2016-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 54,124,136.80	€ 29,697,930.00	[-1.0, -1.0, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2010.2.9-1	ARCHETYPE SW550 will design, build and operate the World’s first industrial size Concentrated Power & Fresh Water Plant based on parabolic trough technology. It will efficiently integrate in a single plant the direct molten salt solar field, a twin tank storage system with a dedicated power block, a fresh water production unit and hybridization biomass system plant.It aims at demonstrating the performances of the World’s first direct molten salt CSP stand alone plant where the inlet turbine temperature is 530°C and molten salts are used directly into the solar trough collectors fully integrating the production of electricity, fresh water and integration with niomass.ARCHETYPE SW550 will also design and develop the innovative key components which will allow to improve the overall efficiency of the plant and to reduce the costs. Performances, costs of operation and life-cycle of components of the integrated fresh water system will be monitored and analyzed to demonstrate the improvements on the thermodynamic cycle.All participants are strongly interested in developing ARCHETYPE SW550 for which relevant commitments and permits are already in place. EGP has a strong experience in design and implementation of industrial power plant expecially in renewable, through respectively expertise of company ENEL Innovation and Engineering.LEC expected from ARCHETYPE SW550 should be 0.21 €/kWh; during the operation the values of energy production and the cost of operation will be constantly monitored to verify the LEC.Fresh water production costs will benefit from the integration with the solar fed thermal cycle, thus achieving a monitored advantage in comparison with currently available technologies.Finally, ARCHETYPE SW550 will spread demonstration results all around the Mediterranean areas, potentially connectible to EU’s grid and where power and fresh water are needed, in order to foster diffusion of CSP coupled with fresh water production and to allow a faster spreading of this technology.	none given	none given	none given	F
1552	266129	WIDE-MOB	Building blocks concepts for efficient and safe multiuse urban electrical vehicles	THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, CENTRO RICERCHE FIAT SCPA, POLITECHNIKA WARSZAWSKA		IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES		2010-12-01	2014-05-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,740,732.49	€ 2,610,000.00	[231000.0, 804751.28, 50000.0, 380000.0]	[]	[380000.0]	[]	FP7-TRANSPORT	GC-SST.2010.7-5.	While architectural requirements, and mechanical and thermal constraints imposed on an electrical powertrain are much less stringent when compared to conventional ICE based vehicles, the needs for cost reduction and range enhancement demand light structures, advanced aerodynamic solutions and optimisation of the drive train as a whole.WIDE-MOB addresses the design and development of EV’s basic building blocks, including:- Optimised aerodynamic bodies with embedded synthetic micro-jets that radically reduce the drag at any speeds- Lightweight and low cost bodies designed for high safety under both frontal and lateral crash- Overall system optimisation based on distributed propulsion including: i) fail safe distributed propulsion; ii) e-motor and torque control of the wheel; iii) integrated power-energy management and distributed battery-supercapacitor packs (high efficiencies over a wide torque/speed range demanded by real-use driving cycles).- Application of EMC-EMR and low frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) design concepts based on “prudent avoidance practices” for field mitigation on occupants. The high currents and voltages produced in electric drive trains pose new problems in terms of EMF which may become a health risk to occupants- Modular and reconfigurable design addressing the WIDEst needs with ergonomic on board space- Solar panels distributed on both horizontal and vertical surfaces with adaptive electronic for a higher range of operation and minimal needs of infrastructuresThe 3-year WIDE-MOB project will deliver:- A prototype and demo vehicle for urban mobility integrating the proposed innovative concepts.- Guidelines for the developed concepts to be widely applied to most EVs and HEvs architectures thus generating IPR and knowledge/experience upon which to build a world-leading EU position to track and exploit the global uptake of electrical mobility.	none given	none given	none given	1
1586	304725	BATTMAN	Battery Management with Solar Powered Devices	TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT EINDHOVEN		STIFTELSEN SINTEF		2012-04-01	2015-03-01	nan	FP7	€ 5,773,504.00	€ 964,176.00	[87976.0, 95896.0]	[]	[87976.0]	[]	FP7-JTI	SP1-JTI-ENIAC-2011-2-1;SP1-JTI-ENIAC-2011-2-3	The BattMan project on Battery Management for Solar-Powered Devices is planning to:Design and develop battery-pack systems which manage photovoltaic power feed efficiently and deliver optimized, reliable, low-cost and predictable performance.Batteries and battery management systems are the essential storage elements in any solar-powered application. These systems can be employed in a variety of different markets and applications, as will be described below, yet reliable long-term service of the battery and system is the common challenge for all of the applications. The BattMan project therefore focuses on these essential elements and targets solar-powered, off-grid street lighting poles as a challenging demonstrator. It will be simulated, specified, designed, prototyped, demonstrated and validated in the project.The objectives of the BattMan project are therefore to develop:Obj1 –Improved battery chemistry and battery packs for predictable, reliable, safe, and long life operationObj2 –Improved battery management systems for ensuring specifications, including state-of-health (SoH) and state-of-charge (SoC) reporting, cell balancing and temperature stabilizationObj3 –Enhanced efficiency of the overall energy chain in the system, including maximization of system performance for both the application requirements and battery lifetimeObj4 –System integration of electronics with photovoltaic panels, PV optimization and applications of the systems for supporting an internet of energy for smart gridsObj5 –System and prototype designs for the demonstrator application of the Solar-powered Off-grid Street LightingThe knowledge gained within this project will be generated to be used to support a variety of applications.The consortium partners in this small, targeted project bring world-class experience, and consist of battery suppliers, battery management system developers, photovoltaic panel producers, lighting system manufacturers and universities.	none given	none given	none given	1
1616	608806	CoSSMic	Collaborating Smart Solar-powered Micro-grids	INTERNATIONAL SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCHCENTER KONSTANZ ISC EV, UNIVERSITETET I OSLO, STADT KONSTANZ, UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DELLA CAMPANIA LUIGI VANVITELLI, NORGES TEKNISK-NATURVITENSKAPELIGE UNIVERSITET NTNU, PROVINCIA DI CASERTA		STIFTELSEN SINTEF		2013-10-01	2016-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 4,267,061.00	€ 3,299,404.00	[627252.0, 1224172.0, 205408.0, 91800.0, 626832.0, 150714.0, 134079.0]	[]	[1224172.0]	[]	FP7-ICT	ICT-2013.6.4	When considering renewable energy sources, like solar electricity, people often do not directly see the benefit of their investment. While the sun is shining and might be producing electricity in their homes, they are at their work and cannot use that energy directly, while when they need the energy at night (for laundry, lighting, computers) the solar panel is no longer producing. Indeed, research has shown that while in theory houses can be self-reliant on solar panels by the amount of electricity they produce, it would require considerable (and expensive) storage capacity to realize this. With smart management and control systems, different types of buildings (for instance a mix of houses, companies and schools) could be connected in such a way that this neighbourhood would use more, or even most, of its renewable energy within the community. For example, if one neighbour does not use her electric car one day, its battery can be used to store excess energy produced from the solar panels on another neighbour’s roof. The CoSSMic project aims to develop the ICT tools needed to facilitate this sharing of renewable energy within a neighbourhood, and will show the feasibility of its concept in two different areas: Konstanz in Germany and the Province of Caserta in Italy. At these trial locations, which are rather different in terms of population, sun, andavailable equipment, CoSSMic will investigate how to motivate people to participate in acquiring (more) renewable energy and the sharing of renewable energy in the neighbourhood, and test methods for making money with these schemes.	none given	none given	none given	1
1624	608593	EUROSUNMED	EURO-MEDITERRANEAN COOPERATION ON RESEARCH & TRAINING IN SUN BASED RENEWABLE ENERGIES	HELWAN UNIVERSITY, CENTRE NATIONAL POUR LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE, FUNDACION TEKNIKER, UNIVERSITE MOHAMMED V DE RABAT, ALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY, MOROCCAN FOUNDATION FOR ADVANCED SCIENCE INNOVATION AND RESEARCHFONDATION MASCIR, UNIVERSITE AL AKHAWAYN D’IFRANE, FUNDACION CENER, UNIVERSITY MOHAMMED V-AGDAL, CENTRE NATIONAL DE L’ENERGIE DES SCIENCES ET TECHNIQUES NUCLEAIRES, CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE CNRS		SINTEF ENERGI AS, STIFTELSEN SINTEF		2013-09-01	2017-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 6,301,821.30	€ 5,261,726.15	[410961.0, 208311.9, -1.0, 202706.0, 141881.6, 524071.0, 206816.0, 420190.4, 110579.4, 748512.75, -1.0, 74944.0, 1406470.6]	[]	[410961.0, 524071.0]	[]	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2013.2.9.1	The scientific targets of the EUROSUNMED project are the development of new technologies in three energy field areas, namely photovoltaics (PV), concentrated solar power (CSP) and grid integration (GI), in strong collaboration with research institutes, universities and SMEs from Europe in the north side of the Mediterranean sea and from Morocco and Egypt from the south of the sea. The focus in PV will be on thin film (Si, CZTS) based solar cells and modules while the goal in CSP field is to design and test new heliostats as well as novel solutions for energy storage compatible with these technologies. The project aims at producing components that will be tested under specific conditions of MPC (hot climate, absence of water, etc.). Such investigations are complemented with studies on grid integration of energy sources from PV and CSP in Morocco and Egypt context. Additionally, the consortium envisages to train PhD students and Post-Docs in these interdisciplinary fields in a close and fruitful collaboration between academic institutions and industry from EU and MPCs. The consortium is well placed around leading academic groups in materials science and engineering devices and equipments for the development of PV and CSP, and also in the promotion of the renewable energies in general. Moreover, technology transfer and research infrastructure development in the targeted areas will be provided. Disseminating the results of the projects will be done through the organization of summer schools, workshops and conferences towards large public from universities, engineering schools and stakeholders involved in the three selected energy areas and beyond. Another outreach of the project will be the proposal for a roadmap on the technological aspects (research, industry, implementation) of the PV, CSP and grid area as well as on the best practice for the continuation of strong collaboration between the EU and MPCS partners and beyond for for mutual interest and benefits.	none given	none given	none given	1
1637	285098	SOLAR-JET	Solar chemical reactor demonstration and Optimization for Long-term Availability of Renewable JET fuel	DEUTSCHES ZENTRUM FUR LUFT – UND RAUMFAHRT EV, BAUHAUS LUFTFAHRT EV, EIDGENOESSISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE ZUERICH	SHELL GLOBAL SOLUTIONS INTERNATIONAL BV			2011-06-01	2015-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,120,030.20	€ 2,173,548.00	[287463.0, 463260.0, 692993.0]	[518889.0]	[]	[]	FP7-TRANSPORT	AAT.2011.6.3-4.	The aim of the SOLAR-JET project is to demonstrate a carbon-neutral path for producing aviation fuel, compatible with current infrastructure, in an economically viable way. The SOLAR-JET project will demonstrate on a laboratory-scale a process that combines concentrated sunlight with CO2 captured from air and H2O to produce kerosene by coupling a two-step solar thermochemical cycle based on non-stoichiometric ceria redox reactions with the Fischer-Tropsch process. This process provides a secure, sustainable and scalable supply of renewable aviation fuel, and early adoption will provide European aviation industries with a competitive advantage in the global market. The collaborators within SOLAR-JET combine all necessary competencies for the realization of project objectives, including: a unique high-flux solar simulator, a state-of-the-art computer simulation facility and software to significantly reduce the required number of experiments, and a Fischer-Tropsch unit for producing the first ever solar kerosene. These efforts are further complemented by assessments of the chemical suitability of the solar kerosene, identification of technological gaps, and determination of the technological and economical potentials. The outcomes of SOLAR-JET would propel Europe to the forefront in efforts to produce renewable, aviation fuels with a first-ever demonstration of kerosene produced directly from concentrated solar energy. The fuel is expected to overcome known sustainability and/or scalability limitations of coal/gas-to-liquid,bio-to-liquid and other drop-in biofuels while avoiding the inherent restrictions associated with other alternative fuels, such as hydrogen, that require major changes in aircraft design and infrastructure. The process demonstrated in SOLAR-JET eliminates logistical requirements associated with the biomass processing chain and results in much cleaner kerosene and represents a significant step forward in the production of renewable aviation fuels.	none given	none given	none given	F
1646	227179	NANOPEC	Nanostructured Photoelectrodes for Energy Conversion	UNIWERSYTET WARSZAWSKI, ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE, UNIVERSITETET I OSLO, UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO, TECHNION – ISRAEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, EIDGENOSSISCHE MATERIALPRUFUNGS- UND FORSCHUNGSANSTALT, TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT DELFT	ENI SPA			2009-01-01	2011-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,589,188.00	€ 2,699,909.00	[324270.0, 610361.0, 220800.0, 273054.0, 501668.0, 100106.0, 523850.0]	[145800.0]	[]	[]	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2008.10.1.2;NMP-2008-2.6-1	To address the challenges of photon capture and energy conversion, we will investigate solar-driven hydrogen production via photoelectrochemical water splitting. Although the concept is extremely attractive as a method of sustainable fuel production, no single material with acceptable performance, stability, and cost has been found, despite decades of investigation. To address this significant challenge, we will use new concepts and methods, afforded by nanotechnology, to design innovative composite nanostructures in which each component performs specialized functions. These novel nanocomposites will decrease the number of criteria that any single component must meet, thus overcoming the basic materials limitations that have hindered development. Computational studies will be used to assist in the selection of optimal material pairings and a wealth of advanced analytical techniques will be employed to improve the understanding of structure-composition-property relationships. As a final objective, we will use NanoPEC’s innovations to develop a 1 square-centimeter test device that converts solar energy to hydrogen energy with a sustained 10% efficiency and a maximum performance decay of 10% over the first 5,000 hours of operation and a 100 square-centimeter test device with a sustained 7% efficiency and similar stability, representing a performance standard that goes well beyond the state-of-the-art. NanoPEC’s innovative research will redefine the field of photoelectrochemistry and place Europe at the forefront of nanoscience and nanotechnology research by contributing to leadership in this strategically important area.	none given	none given	none given	F
1649	309223	PHOCS	Photogenerated Hydrogen by Organic Catalytic Systems	UNIVERSITAT JAUME I DE CASTELLON, TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET MUENCHEN, ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE, FONDAZIONE ISTITUTO ITALIANO DI TECNOLOGIA, FUNDACION IMDEA NANOCIENCIA, UNIVERSITAET INNSBRUCK, INSTITUTO SUPERIOR TECNICO	ENI SPA			2012-12-01	2015-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 3,828,934.90	€ 2,849,000.00	[358644.8, 220456.25, 495699.6, 591225.2, 396999.6, 139043.75, 396531.0]	[250399.8]	[]	[]	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2012.10.2.1	Aim of the project “Photogenerated Hydrogen by Organic Catalytic Systems (PHOCS)” is the realization of a new-concept,photoelectrochemical system for hydrogen production, based on the hybrid organic/inorganic and organic/liquid interfaces. PHOCS takes the move from the recent demonstration of reduction/oxidation reactions taking place, under visible light and at zero bias, at the interface of an organic semiconductor and an aqueous electrolyte, obtained by the coordinator’s group.PHOCS intends to combine the visible-light absorption properties of organics, together with the enhanced charge transport capabilities of inorganic semiconductors, in order to build a hybrid photoelectrode for hydrogen generation. New organic donor and acceptor materials (conjugated polymers and fullerenes derivatives) will be synthesized, properly tuning HOMO-LUMO levels position and energy gap extent for semi-water splitting purposes. In order to build properly-working photo-electrochemical cells, issues such as stability, wettability, catalytic functionality, electron transfer processes at the polymer/electrolyte interface will also be faced during the synthesis step. Multifunctional, high surface area, inorganic electrodes will be moreover developed, in order to increase surface area, provide ohmic contact to the organic active layer, 3D control of the donor-acceptor junction and advanced light management. Spectro-electrochemical characterization of organic/inorganic and organic/electrolytic solution interfaces will be continuously performed, in order to deep characterize charge transfer phenomena and improve the device performances. Final aim of PHOCS project is the realization of a scaled-up, 10×10 cm2, 1% solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficient device, as a tangible first step towards the new “organic water splitting” technology.	none given	none given	none given	F
1666	284474	DEPLOYTECH	Large Deployable Technologies for Space	THE CHANCELLOR MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, NEDERLANDSE ORGANISATIE VOOR TOEGEPAST NATUURWETENSCHAPPELIJK ONDERZOEK TNO, ATHINA-EREVNITIKO KENTRO KAINOTOMIAS STIS TECHNOLOGIES TIS PLIROFORIAS, TON EPIKOINONION KAI TIS GNOSIS, DEUTSCHES ZENTRUM FUR LUFT – UND RAUMFAHRT EV, UNIVERSITY OF SURREY	CGG TECHNOLOGIES B.V.			2012-01-01	2014-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,523,511.55	€ 1,829,745.00	[159670.0, 59966.0, 120000.0, 445938.0, 585120.56]	[60050.4]	[]	[]	FP7-SPACE	SPA.2011.2.1-02;SPA.2011.2.2-02	“Large deployable structures are needed as the backbone and as an integral part of large reflectors, Earth observation antennas, radiators, sun shields and solar arrays. In addition to providing a deployment function, the large space deployable structures can provide shape and stability for a spacecraft throughout its mission. Deployable structures have the capability of reducing mass substantially and also allow for a very compact storage volume during the launch phase of a mission. To date, there is a limited number of European deployable structures being developed due to the inherit risk, cost and complexity associated with them. In addition, the conservative nature of the space industry combined with the environmental and materials challenges related to the deployment and sustainability of space structures makes the problem even more challenging. The TRL level of most deployable technologies is currently low due to this associated risk. The objective of this project is to develop 3 specific, useful and innovative large space deployable technologies: an inflatable sail structure, a deployable solar panel and a CFRP deployable boom. The aim is to develop these technologies from a current TRL of 2-3 to 6-8 within the 3 years of the proposed DEPLOYTECH project. The project addresses two key areas required for the development of critical space technologies as described in the SPA.2011.2.2-02 call: 1. Large thin walled deployable boom and membrane structures 2. Large thin walled inflatable structures. Ground prototypes of the three deployable technologies will be developed and qualified for future flight opportunities which have already been shortlisted with industrial partners. The DEPLOYTECH consortium is an exciting, well experienced group with world leading capabilities in deployable structures and with a with a well balanced mix of SME’s, industrial primes and university/research institutes able to provide an innovative, low risk capability missing in Europe.”	none given	none given	none given	F
1763	241281	THINSI	Thin Si film based hybrid solar cells on low-cost substrates	FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUM, AGENZIA NAZIONALE PER LE NUOVE TECNOLOGIE, L’ENERGIA E LO SVILUPPO ECONOMICO SOSTENIBILE, THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM		STIFTELSEN SINTEF		2010-01-01	2012-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 6,358,888.20	€ 4,416,582.10	[840815.0, 718250.0, 578765.0, 116974.5, 247799.6]	[]	[840815.0]	[]	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2009.2.1.1	The ThinSi project will develop a solar cell processing chain for high throughput, cost-effective manufacturing of thin film silicon based solar cells on low-cost silicon substrates. The substrates will be made on the basis of an innovative powder-to-substrate concept. In line with the Workprogramme topic addressed, it will reduce the cost of solar cell modules compared to those made by the conventional wafer based approach. A set of innovative processes will be developed to realise the new low-cost concept and transfer the results into production. The new silicon based substrates will be made from low-cost material using state-of-the-art ceramics technologies. Cost effective processes for the formation of the thin film silicon base and the complete solar cell structure will be developed. New methods for optical confinement will be investigated. The electronic properties of individual solar cell materials and their interfaces as well as the relationship between the deposition parameters and the device properties will be analyzed using advanced characterisation and modelling. It will also develop a better understanding of relevant materials issues. Manufacturing procedures suitable for pilot scale production will be developed based on an innovative process chain. The produced solar cells will be assembled into complete modules. The project will develop innovative technologies and equipment prototypes that can easily be scaled up and transferred to production lines by the end of the project. New market opportunities for the SME and industrial partners will be created, both as production tool suppliers and as end-users of the technology.	none given	none given	none given	1
1764	256752	SUGAR	Silicon sUbstrates from an inteGrated Automated pRocess	FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUM, ASSOCIATION POUR LA RECHERCHE ET LE DEVELOPPEMENT DES METHODES ET PROCESSUS INDUSTRIELS, FUNDACAO DA FACULDADE DE CIENCIAS DA UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FP	DOW SILICONES BELGIUM			2010-10-01	2013-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 5,528,752.80	€ 3,717,653.00	[752400.0, 1002505.0, 358675.0, 457923.0]	[225000.0]	[]	[]	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2010.2.1-1	Since the silicon wafer still accounts for a substantial part of the cost of solar modules, reducing the silicon consumption per watt peak is one of the most effective ways of reducing the overall cost of PV systems. In this project we propose a methodology to produce a high-efficiency solar module with a very limited amount of Si. The methodology is based on two technologies: the first one for the fabrication of the solar wafers, the second one for the processing of this new material.For the fabrication of the ultra-thin solar wafers, a material, for instance a metallic material, with a high coefficient of thermal expansion, is deposited on the substrate at high temperature. The system is then cooled down, and the difference of thermal expansion induces some stress in the silicon substrate. When the stress exceeds the mechanical strength of silicon, a crack propagates parallel to the surface, and the top layer (which thickness reaches in this case around 50 µm) of silicon is detached from the parent substrate. The thin silicon layer and the metal layer are rolled due to some remaining stress. This stress can be annihilated by dipping the sample in a chemical bath.The processing of this material into a solar module is not trivial and the second technology developed in this project proposes to glue the ultra-thin wafer to a definitive glass superstrate. The Si material is then processed into a solar cell, and encapsulated into a module. The module and the solar cell process are integrated and are performed at low temperature (heterojunction-based interdigitated back contact) to be compatible with the glass thermo-mechanical properties.The project directly addresses a core issue of photovoltaic research and proposes an elegant, low-cost and very innovative solution to solve it.	none given	none given	none given	F
1768	320028	SOLARROK	PHOTOVOLTAIC Clusters Development and Implementation Measures of a Seven Region Strategic Joint Action Plan for Knowledge-based Regional Innovation	COMUNIDAD FORAL DE NAVARRA – GOBIERNO DE NAVARRA, COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUM, SM AMENAG PROMO PARC TECHN BOURGETLAC, STICHTING ENERGIEONDERZOEK CENTRUM NEDERLAND, PERSPEKTYVINIU TECHNOLOGIJU TAIKOMUJU TYRIMU INSTITUTAS, FUNDACION CENER, UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI		STIFTELSEN SINTEF		2012-12-01	2015-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 2,986,084.05	€ 2,262,435.00	[7304.28, 148001.33, 132308.71, 165851.07, 163586.95, 255359.78, 149479.0, 126574.58, 96300.0]	[]	[148001.33]	[]	FP7-REGIONS	REGIONS-2012-2013-1	The overall objective of SOLARROK is to deepen the transnational cooperation between leading European research-driven clusters in the Photovoltaic (PV) sector. To gain a competitive position and to foster industrial innovation, EU research infrastructures require more and more resources: multidisciplinary competencies, investments for technical equipments, skilled human resources, and strong links to the business community. To this end, research centers in Europe join with competitive companies and public authorities, forming research driven clusters. Within the SOLARROK cluster cooperation, four general objectives have been defined:(1) Developing joint business models to improve access to international markets for RTD and business actors of the European solar sector; (2) Supporting the innovation system by (i) filling RTD-gaps to improve resource-efficient production of solar modules, (ii) identifying sustainable cluster approaches, (iii) exchanging cluster management best practices; (iv) benchmarking in international context; (3) Building international collaboration capacities by knowledge exchange activities within and beyond Europe and increasing researcher mobility between research and industry; (4) Strengthening European competitiveness by developing an international level Joint Action Plan including regional smart specialisation strategies. SOLARROK is a CSA jointly elaborated by leading clusters in Spain, France, Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands, Lithuania and Austria, plus industry and research partners in Slovenia and Norway. A three step approach (mapping of existing resources, interactive mutual learning, and a focused integration process) will lead to a Joint Action Plan, involving European key-stakeholders. Following a bottom up approach and utilising direct involvement of Regional Authorities, the JAP will ensure a comprehensive implementation. SOLARROK expands the cooperation, exchanging methodologies and strategies with other EU PV clusters.	none given	none given	none given	1
1781	213514	APOLLON	Multi-APprOach for high efficiency integrated and inteLLigent cONcentrating PV modules (Systems)	FUNDACION TECNALIA RESEARCH & INNOVATION, AGENZIA NAZIONALE PER LE NUOVE TECNOLOGIE, L’ENERGIA E LO SVILUPPO ECONOMICO SOSTENIBILE, RICERCA SUL SISTEMA ENERGETICO – RSE SPA, STICHTING ENERGIEONDERZOEK CENTRUM NEDERLAND, OFFSHORE RENEWABLE ENERGY CATAPULT, UNIVERSITY OF CYPRUS, CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE CNRS, UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI FERRARA, JRC -JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE- EUROPEAN COMMISSION	ENEL INGEGNERIA E INNOVAZIONE SPA, ENEL PRODUZIONE SPA			2008-07-01	2013-06-30	nan	FP7	€ 11,453,652.26	€ 7,696,908.00	[333422.0, 578225.0, 1489719.75, 250120.0, 223125.0, 211880.0, 297600.0, 239250.0, 315950.0]	[80720.0, -1.0]	[]	[]	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY-2007-2.1-03	“APOLLON proposal concerns the optimisation and development of Point focus and Mirror Based Spectra Splitting photovoltaic concentrating (CPV) systems (multi-approach). The different technology paths will be followed with due focalisation on the recognised critical issues related to each system component in order to increase CPV efficiency, assure reliability, reduce cost and environmental impact. MJ solar cells will be manufactured by using new materials and deposition technologies allowing reaching and even surpassing the MJ solar cell efficiency target set on the European Strategic Research Agenda on Concentration Photovoltaics. Optimisation of Fresnel and Prismatic lens along with the development of new non-imaging, low F/#, high concentration, cell self-protecting stable optics will allow getting high optical efficiency and wide acceptance angles. New concepts will be applied for Mirror based spectra splitting systems which will allow eliminating the cooling needs. Both the optimised and the new technologies will be properly tested to get reliable a long life time CPV systems. High Integration obtained with microelectronic and automotive light technologies for high throughput module assembly techniques, along with intelligent solutions for accurate, reliable, cost effective tracking and reduced mismatch losses will be addressed. Prototype systems will be developed for a full environmental and economical assessment finally leading to economically-attractive concentrating photovoltaics. In APOLLON all the actors’ chain, from Universities, SME, Big Enterprise up to the final End-User will bring to present scientific valuable, exploitable and durable products, with results dissemination all around Europe.”	none given	none given	none given	F
1805	309127	PHOTONVOLTAICS	Nanophotonics for ultra-thin crystalline silicon photovoltaics	INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUM, CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE CNRS, UNIVERSITE DE NAMUR ASBL, CHALMERS TEKNISKA HOGSKOLA AB	TOTALENERGIES SE, TOTALENERGIES MARKETING SERVICES			2012-11-01	2015-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,994,164.00	€ 2,894,454.00	[799986.0, 941634.0, 252000.0, 304763.0]	[-1.0, 70596.0]	[]	[]	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2012.10.2.1	The ambition of PhotoNvoltaics is to enable the development of a new and disruptive solar cell generation resulting from the marriage of crystalline-silicon photovoltaics (PV) with advanced light-trapping schemes from the field of nanophotonics. These two technologies will be allied through a third one, nanoimprint, an emerging lithography technique from the field of microelectronics. The outcome of this alliance will be a nano-textured thin-film crystalline silicon (c-Si) cell featuring a drastic reduction in silicon consumption and a greater cell and module process simplicity. It will thus ally the sustainability and efficiency of crystalline silicon PV with the simplicity and low cost of the current thin-film solar cells. The challenge behind PhotoNvoltaics lies behind the successful identification and integration of these nano-textures into thin c-Si-based cells, which aim is a record boost of the light-collection efficiency of these cells, without harming their charge-collection efficiency.The goals of this project are scientific and technological. The scientific goal is two-fold: (1) to demonstrate that the so-called Yablonovitch limit of light trapping can be overcome, with specific nanoscale surface structures, periodic, random or pseudo-periodic, and (2) to answer the old question whether random or periodic patterns are best. The technological goal is also two-fold: (1) to fabricate thin c-Si solar cells with the highest current enhancement ever reached and (2) to demonstrate the up-scalability of this concept by fabricating patterns over industrially relevant areas. To reach these goals, PhotoNvoltaics will gather seven partners, expert in all the required fields to model and identify the optimal structures, fabricate them with a large span of techniques, integrate them into solar cells and, finally, assess the conditions of transferability of these novel concepts, that bring nanophotonics into PV, further towards industry.	none given	none given	none given	F
1820	308991	PERFORMANCE PLUS	Tools for Enhanced Photovoltaic System Performance	AIT AUSTRIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY GMBH, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUM, SCUOLA UNIVERSITARIA PROFESSIONALE DELLA SVIZZERA ITALIANA, CARL VON OSSIETZKY UNIVERSITAET OLDENBURG, KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT LEUVEN	ENEL INGEGNERIA E INNOVAZIONE SPA			2012-11-01	2015-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 4,213,497.33	€ 3,143,517.68	[409135.12, 480036.5, 468376.69, 385623.4, 414666.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2012.2.1.1	For a continued decrease of levelised costs of energy from photovoltaics (PV), the prices of PV system components have to be further decreased while performance, functionality, reliability and lifetime on the component and system level need to be increased. In an integrated view, PV system performance emerges from, but is not limited to the performance of the components. The Performance Plus project focuses on the PV system rather than on the component level. The main idea of the project is to optimise the system as a whole rather than the separate components.The aim is to develop a collection of tools for modelling, monitoring and control of PV systems. All R&D results and models will be validated with empirical data. The realisations will be demonstrated. In order to ensure economic impact, possible pathways for exploitation will be explored jointly by the partners during the project execution.The tools will serve to optimize and enhance the performance, reliability and lifetime of commercial PV systems beyond the state of the art. Means for a better integration of PV-generated electricity into the power system shall be provided by methods for short-term forecasting, integrated energy management and storage control, PV system monitoring and control.Specific objectives are:- Robust system design modelling for diligent design and bankability- Robust operational modelling for optimising the system output- Integrated energy management and storage control- Real time monitoring and control: sensors communication and feedback- Hardware and software tools for testing- Validation, demonstration and target controlPerformance Plus will bring scientific knowledge far beyond the state of the art for each of the objectives listed. The project is scheduled for 36 months.	none given	none given	none given	F
1834	621173	SOPHIA	Solar integrated pressurized high temperature electrolysis	TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OY, COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE, DEUTSCHES ZENTRUM FUR LUFT – UND RAUMFAHRT EV, TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT	ENGIE			2014-04-01	2017-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 6,080,105.14	€ 3,325,751.00	[399000.0, 893908.0, 495709.0, 412447.0, -1.0]	[128000.0]	[]	[]	FP7-JTI	SP1-JTI-FCH.2013.2.4	Hydrogen and other fuels are expected to play a key role as energy carrier for the transport sector and as energy buffer for the integration of large amounts of renewable energy into the grid. Therefore the development of carbon lean technologies producing hydrogen at reasonable price from renewable or low CO2 emitting sources like nuclear is of utmost importance. It is the case of water electrolysis, and among the various technologies, high temperature steam electrolysis (so-called HTE or SOE for Solid Oxide Electrolysis) presents a major interest, since less electricity is required to dissociate water at high temperature, the remaining part of the required dissociation energy being added as heat, available at a lower price level. In addition, technologies that offer the possibility not only to transform energy without CO2 emissions, but even to recycle CO2 produced elsewhere are rare. High temperature co-electrolysis offers such a possibility, by a joint electrolysis of CO2 and H2O, to produce syngas (H2+CO), which is the standard intermediate for the subsequent production of methane or other gaseous or liquid fuels after an additional processing step.These aspects are covered by the SOPHIA project.A 3 kWe-size pressurized HTE system, coupled to a concentrated solar energy source will be designed, fabricated and operated on-sun for proof of principle. Second, it will prove the concept of co-electrolysis at the stack level while operated also pressurized. The achievement of such targets needs key developments that are addressed into SOPHIA.Further, SOPHIA identifies different “power to gas” scenarios of complete process chain (including power, heat and CO2 sources) for the technological concept development and its end-products valorisation. A techno-economic analysis will be carried out for different case studies identified for concepts industrialization and a Life Cycle Analysis with respect to environmental aspects according to Eco-indicator 99 will be performed.	none given	none given	none given	F
1865	325361	HYDROSOL-PLANT	Thermochemical HYDROgen production in a SOLar monolithic reactor: construction and operation of a 750 kWth PLANT	ETHNIKO KENTRO EREVNAS KAI TECHNOLOGIKIS ANAPTYXIS, CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES ENERGETICAS MEDIOAMBIENTALES Y TECNOLOGICAS, DEUTSCHES ZENTRUM FUR LUFT – UND RAUMFAHRT EV	ELLINIKA PETRELAIA AE			2014-01-01	2018-04-30	nan	FP7	€ 3,453,422.16	€ 2,265,385.00	[618389.79, 488000.6, 803186.61]	[57480.0]	[]	[]	FP7-JTI	SP1-JTI-FCH.2012.2.5	The HYDROSOL-PLANT project is expected to develop, verify and operate all of the tools required to scale up solar H2O splitting to the pilot (750 kWth) scale. The work will be based on the successful HYDROSOL series projects and mainly on the outcome of the current FCH-JU co-funded project, HYDROSOL-3D, dedicated to the provision of all main design specifications of such a pilot plant. HYDROSOL-PLANT comes thus as the natural continuation of such an effort for CO2-free hydrogen production in real scale. The main objectives of HYDROSOL-PLANT are to:• Define all key components and aspects necessary for the erection and operation of a 750 kWth solar plant for H2O splitting (heliostat field, solar reactors, overall process monitoring and control, feedstock conditioning, etc.)• Develop tailored heliostat field technology (field layout, aiming strategies, monitoring and control software) that enables accurate temperature control of the solar reactors.• Scale-up the HYDROSOL reactor while advancing the state-of-the-art (redox materials, monolithic honeycomb fabrication and functionalization) for optimum hydrogen yield.• Design the overall chemical process, covering reactants and products conditioning, heat exchange/recovery, use of excess/waste heat, monitoring and control.• Construct a solar hydrogen production demonstration plant in the 750 kWth range to verify the developed technologies for solar H2O splitting.• Operate the plant and demonstrate hydrogen production and storage on site (at levels > 3 kg/week).• Perform a detailed techno-economic study for the commercial exploitation of the solar process.	none given	none given	none given	F
1866	245224	HYDROSOL-3D	Scale Up of Thermochemical HYDROgen Production in a SOLar Monolithic Reactor: a 3rd Generation Design Study	ETHNIKO KENTRO EREVNAS KAI TECHNOLOGIKIS ANAPTYXIS, CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES ENERGETICAS MEDIOAMBIENTALES Y TECNOLOGICAS, DEUTSCHES ZENTRUM FUR LUFT – UND RAUMFAHRT EV	TOTALENERGIES SE			2010-01-01	2012-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,729,084.60	€ 984,375.00	[238525.0, 177098.0, 242871.0]	[142144.0]	[]	[]	FP7-JTI	SP1-JTI-FCH-2.3	HYDROSOL-3D aims at the preparation of a demonstration of a CO2-free hydrogen production and provision process and related technology, using two-step thermochemical water splitting cycles by concentrated solar radiation. This process has been developed in the frame of EU co-financed projects within FP5 and FP6. From the initial idea over the proof of principle and over several steps of improvement – that have awarded to project HYDROSOL the EU “2006 Descartes Prize for Collaborative Scientific Research” – the technology has recently reached the status of a pilot plant demonstration in a 100 kW scale showing that hydrogen production via thermochemical water splitting is possible on a solar tower under realistic conditions. The present project focuses on the next step towards commercialisation carrying out all activities necessary to prepare the erection of a 1 MW solar demonstration plant. HYDROSOL-3D concerns the pre-design and design of the whole plant including the solar hydrogen reactor and all necessary upstream and downstream units needed to feed in the reactants and separate and bottle the products. Two alternative options will be analyzed: adapting the hydrogen production plant to an already available solar facility or developing a new, completely optimised hydrogen production/solar plant. The most promising option will be analysed in detail, establishing the complete plant layout and defining and sizing all necessary components. Validation of pre-design components and process strategies by experiments (in laboratory, solar furnace, solar simulator and solar tower facilities) and a detailed techno-economic analysis covering market introduction will complement the project. The HYDROSOL-3D consortium has been built accordingly bringing together the experience and knowledge elaborated in all the R&D work carried out up to the current status of HYDROSOL projects, with industrial leaders and innovative SME’s capable to bring the technology to maturity and to the market.	none given	none given	none given	F
1873	283015	RESTRUCTURE	Redox Materials-based Structured Reactors/Heat Exchangers for Thermo-Chemical Heat Storage Systems in Concentrated Solar Power Plants	ETHNIKO KENTRO EREVNAS KAI TECHNOLOGIKIS ANAPTYXIS, DEUTSCHES ZENTRUM FUR LUFT – UND RAUMFAHRT EV	TOTALENERGIES SE, TOTALENERGIES MARKETING SERVICES			2011-11-01	2016-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,035,205.51	€ 2,114,497.50	[755300.0, 787597.5]	[-1.0, -1.0]	[]	[]	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2011.2.5-1	ThermoChemical Storage (TCS) involves the exploitation of the heat effects of reversible chemical reactions for the “storage” of solar heat. Among gas-solid reactions proposed for such an approach the utilization of a pair of redox reactions involving multivalent solid oxides has several inherent advantages that make it attractive for large-scale deployment.The new concept introduced in the current proposal is instead of using packed or fluidized beds of the redox material as the heat storage medium, to employ monolithic structures like honeycombs or foams, made entirely or partially from the redox oxide materials. The proposal stems from and capitalizes on a number of ideas, concepts and achievements materialized in previous co-operations among the current consortium members:-The successful development, qualification and demonstration of honeycombs made of advanced ceramics to operate as effective volumetric solar thermal collectors/heat exchangers in Solar Thermal Power Plants.-The successful demonstration and scale-up to the 100-kW of “structured” honeycomb reactors involving coating of mixed-iron-oxides-based redox materials on advanced ceramic supports for cyclic solar hydrogen production.-The capability of several multivalent oxide-based redox systems to be used in thermochemical storage cycles in order to store and release heat in Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants.The proposed concept combines the demonstrated technologies of ceramic volumetric receivers and structured solar reactors and promotes them one step further to the development of an integrated receiver/reactor/heat exchanger configuration with enhanced heat storage characteristics, through a series of innovations to be implemented concerning new reactor/heat exchanger designs, enhanced incorporation of redox materials in the reactor’s structure, improved redox material compositions and utilization of industrial wastes as raw materials for the oxide redox systems synthesis.	none given	none given	none given	F
1885	228513	HIPERSOL	Modelling of interfaces for high performance solar cell materials	KUNGLIGA TEKNISKA HOEGSKOLAN, THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, INTERNATIONAL SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCHCENTER KONSTANZ ISC EV, UNIVERSITAT WIEN, STICHTING ENERGIEONDERZOEK CENTRUM NEDERLAND		STIFTELSEN SINTEF		2009-12-01	2012-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 4,548,295.00	€ 3,399,990.00	[308360.0, 354261.0, 413700.0, 1097645.0, 506078.0, 546606.0]	[]	[1097645.0]	[]	FP7-NMP	NMP-2008-2.5-2	The resistance at the metal contact-semiconductor interface and recombination at the passivating layer-semiconductor interface are two important bottlenecks for improving the performance of current solar cells. These processes are quantum mechanical by nature, but so far most studies and attempts to improve the properties of solar cells have been at the device scale. A main reason for this is the great challenges faced by theoretical modelling. Accurate descriptions of the geometric and electronic structures are required, which necessitate the use of highly sophisticated methodologies based on first principles. At the same time, the interfaces extend in many cases well beyond the size limit of first principles methods, creating the need for more efficient methods, which can operate at larger time and size scales. HiperSol aims to fill this knowledge gap by developing and implementing a multi-scale modelling environment. The physics at the various scales will be treated by a multitude of techniques, and the boundaries between these techniques are of utmost importance for the success of this project. Hence, considerable emphasis will be laid on integrating different methods seamlessly and consistently, with many possibilities to update and improve the different tools. An important development will be the implementation of semi-empirical pseudo-potentials, which can calculate the accurate electronic structure of large structures with up to millions of non-equivalent atoms as well as methods for calculating the lifetime of charge carriers. The multi-scale environment will involve construction of reliable inter-atomic potentials for empirical molecular dynamics, providing input to first principles calculations that in a following stage will be integrated into finite element method (FEM) calculations, reaching the size and time scales of real devices. The modelling will focus on real interfaces and be used to investigate enhancements to present solar cell technology.	none given	none given	none given	1
1896	621244	ELECTRA	High temperature electrolyser with novel proton ceramic tubular modules of superior efficiency, robustness, and lifetime economy	AGENCIA ESTATAL CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS, UNIVERSITETET I OSLO		STIFTELSEN SINTEF		2014-03-03	2017-06-02	nan	FP7	€ 4,007,084.60	€ 2,240,552.00	[499135.0, 412310.0, 663866.0]	[]	[499135.0]	[]	FP7-JTI	SP1-JTI-FCH.2013.2.4	High temperature electrolysers (HTEs) produce H2 efficiently utilising electricity from renewable sources and steam from solar, geothermal, or nuclear plants. CO2 can be co-electrolysed to produce syngas and fuels. The traditional solid oxide electrolyser cell (SOEC) leaves wet H2 at the steam side. ELECTRA in contrast develops a proton ceramic electrolyser cell (PCEC) which pumps out and pressurises dry H2 directly. Delamination of electrodes due to O2 bubbles in SOECs is alleviated in PCECs. The proton conductor is based on state-of-the-art Y:BaZrO3 (BZY) using reactive sintering for dense large-grained films, low grain boundary resistance, and high stability and mechanical strength. A PCEC can favourably reduce CO2 to syngas in co-ionic mode. Existing HTEs utilise the high packing density of planar stacks, but the hot seal and vulnerability to single cell breakdown give high stack rejection rate and questionable durability and lifetime economy. ELECTRA uses instead tubular segmented cells, mounted in a novel module with cold seals that allows monitoring and replacement of individual tubes from the cold side. The tubes are developed along 3 design generations with increasing efforts and rewards towards electrochemical performance and sustainable mass scale production. Electrodes and electrolyte are applied using spraying/dipping and a novel solid state reactive sintering approach, facilitating sintering of BZY materials. ELECTRA emphasises development of H2O-O2 anode and its current collection. It will show a kW-size multi-tube module producing 250 L/h H2 and CO2 to syngas co-electrolysis with DME production. Partners excel in ceramic proton conductors, industry-scale ceramics, tubular electrochemical cells, and integration of these in renewable energy schemes including geothermal, wind and solar power. The project counts 7 partners (4 SMEs/industry), is coordinated by University of Oslo, and runs for 39 months.	none given	none given	none given	1
1914	296102	SILVER	Semiconductor Industry Leading towards Viable Energy Recovery	NEDERLANDSE ORGANISATIE VOOR TOEGEPAST NATUURWETENSCHAPPELIJK ONDERZOEK TNO, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUM, AGENCIA ESTATAL CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS	AIR LIQUIDE ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS			2012-01-01	2014-12-01	nan	FP7	€ 10,695,205.00	€ 1,786,100.00	[197265.0, 33788.0, 60621.0]	[206694.0]	[]	[]	FP7-JTI	SP1-JTI-ENIAC-2011-3;SP1-JTI-ENIAC-2011-8	There is no doubt that ICT, supported by semiconductor technology, can play in using more efficiently energy resources and in allowing the adoption of renewable energy production, care must be taken that the complete life cycle of the envisaged technologies is considered, and that also the energy costs for the production of the critical semiconductor components are minimized. This concept applies also to all industrial sectors, like photovoltaics and solid-state lighting, that are largely based on the same technologies as semiconductor manufacturing. The envisaged “green society” can only be such if based on “green fabs” for the manufacturing of the critical components. The SILVER project targets at the design, development and assessment of innovative and comprehensive approaches to reduce the environmental impact of existing semiconductor manufacturing. The project will focus on the development of innovative solutions for the reduction of water and energy consumption, which will result also in the mitigation of greenhouse effect.The project aims to achieve the result through a sequence of coordinated R&D actions involving facility and equipment development.The path to solution will be:a)Reduction of direct energy consumption through:•control of the idle mode of equipment•equipment and process modelling•optimization of process recipes on plasma equipmentb)Reduction of D.I. water consumption through:•Introduction of new cleaning procedures;•Optimization of water consumption in critical process steps;•Water recycling and re-use.The final objective is to demonstrate new technologies that will enable the participating companies to achieve reduction in water and energy consumption in line with the targets that international organizations are defining for the next period.	none given	none given	none given	F
1941	246331	NANOPV	Nanomaterials and nanotechnology for advanced photovoltaics	LEIBNIZ-INSTITUT FUER PHOTONISCHE TECHNOLOGIEN E.V., CENTRAL LABORATORY OF SOLAR ENERGY& NEW ENERGY SOURCES OF THE BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET MUENCHEN, UNIVERSITAT DE VALENCIA, CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE, HELMHOLTZ-ZENTRUM BERLIN FUR MATERIALIEN UND ENERGIE GMBH, STICHTING ENERGIEONDERZOEK CENTRUM NEDERLAND, RUDER BOSKOVIC INSTITUTE		STIFTELSEN SINTEF		2011-03-01	2014-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 5,153,458.02	€ 3,853,315.00	[297147.0, 166425.0, 798979.0, 300300.0, 339000.0, 277612.0, 376898.0, 598512.49, 225000.0]	[]	[798979.0]	[]	FP7-NMP	NMP-2009-1.2-1	The NanoPV project aims at making a breakthrough step-change in photovoltaics by the removal of a set of bottlenecks which have been identified to block the application of nanostructures for high-efficiency, low-cost solar cells. The bottlenecks arise from the present lack of up-scalable processes that can meet the needs for nanomaterials in PV applications, and the lack of relevant equipment and industrial lines. In order to remove these bottlenecks, the main objectives of NanoPV are: 1) To develop technologies that can increase the efficiency and reduce the processing cost of existing silicon solar cell technologies using nano-scale effects provided by nanomaterials to above 20% for wafer based and above 15 % for thin film silicon based solar cells at a processing cost for modules well below 1 €/watt. 2) To design and to fabricate low cost solar cells entirely from nanomaterials by using nanostructures. An efficiency of above 10 % at processing costs well below 1 €/watt is targeted with potential of further significant improvements in the future. 3) To develop up-scalable cost effective processes and equipment in order to implement both enhanced standard solar cells and solar cell based on nanomaterials as well as related modules to existing pilot lines. 4) To create new market opportunities for the industrial partners. Nanotechnology will be applied for both already existing conventional Si solar cells (wafer and thin-film based) and for advanced solar cells entirely based on nanostructures. The main scientific efforts will be on understanding and exploitation of such nanomaterials as i) 0D quantum dots, nanocrystals and nanoparticles, ii) 1D nanowires and nanorods, and iii) 2D nanomaterials such as ultrathin layers. A large number of specialised technologies will be applied in the project. Therefore, in order to ensure successful completion, a comparatively large consortium of 9 complementary research partners and 3 industries has been assembled.	none given	none given	none given	1
1942	256762	R2M-SI	Roll to Module processed Crystalline Silicon Thin-Films for higher than 20% efficient modules	FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUM, IOFFE PHYSICO-TECHNICAL INSTITUTE OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, UNIVERSITAT KONSTANZ		STIFTELSEN SINTEF		2010-10-01	2013-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 3,899,118.60	€ 2,834,925.20	[367541.0, 890318.75, 604611.75, 165700.8, 442912.4]	[]	[367541.0]	[]	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2010.10.2-1	The current technologies to produce photovoltaic modules exhibit features, which prevent cost-reduction to below 0,5€/Wp:- Sawing/Wafering and Module assembly is costly and material intensive for wafer solar cells- Efficiency is comparatively low for classical thin-film solar cells (CdTe, CIS, a-Si/µc-Si, dye, organic).One approach to avoid both disadvantages is the so-called crystalline Si thin-film lift-off approach, where thin c-Si layers are stripped from a silicon wafer. This approach has the potential to reach > 20% efficient solar cells, however handling issues stop quick progress so far.The basic idea of the current project is to enable the use of lift-off films in a nearly handling-free approach, to avoid limitations by handling issues.The technological realization has the following key features and steps:- Continuous separation of a very thin (< 10 µm) c-Si foil from the circumference of a monocrystalline silicon ingot- Attachment to a high-temperature stable substrate of large area (e.g. graphite, Sintered Silicon, or ceramics), which can also serve as module back side.- High-temperature re-organisation of the silicon foil followed by in-situ epitaxial thickening (~40 µm base thickness) in an in-line chemical vapour deposition reactor, including pn-junction formation- Processing of high-efficiency solar cells and formation of integrated interconnected high-voltage modules- Encapsulating into a module (glass / encapsulant only if needed)The resulting module to be demonstrated in R2M-Si has a cost potential around 0.55 €/Wp, at 18% module efficiency and thus low Balance-of-System cost. Future enhanced R2M-Si modules can exceed even 20% efficiency, at costs below 0.5 €/Wp.The project shall demonstrate the feasibility of the most critical process steps like continuous layer detachment, bonding to a carrier substrate, high-quality epitaxy, handling-free solar cell processing and module integration. As a deliverable, a mini module of higher than 18% efficiency shall be prepared.	none given	none given	none given	1
1943	256695	20PLµS	20 percent efficiency on less than 100 µm thick industrially feasible c-Si solar cells	FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE, OFFSHORE RENEWABLE ENERGY CATAPULT, UNIVERSITAT KONSTANZ	ENI SPA			2010-10-01	2013-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 7,018,208.98	€ 4,879,986.00	[1287135.0, 636408.0, -1.0, 1175988.74]	[203378.0]	[]	[]	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2010.2.1-1	The overall objective of the current project is a significant contribution to the dissemination of PV in order to improve the sustainability of the European energy supply and to strengthen the situation of the European PV industry.The approach to reach this overall objective is the development of solar cells which are substantially thinner than today’s common practice. We will reduce the current solar cell thickness of typically 180 µm down to a minimum of 50 µm. At the same time we target to produce solar cells with high efficiencies in the range of 20% light conversion rate into power. The processes will be optimized and transferred into a pilot production line aiming at an efficiency of 19.5% on wafers of 100 µm thickness at a yield that is comparable to the one in standard production lines. This shall help to drive down production costs significantly and save Si resources from today’s 8 grams per watt to 3 grams per watt.In more detail the following topics are addressed: Wafering from Si ingots, surface passivation, light trapping, solar cell and module processing and handling of the thin wafersThe partners of this project form an outstanding consortium to reach the project goals, including four leading European R&D institutes as well as four companies with recorded and published expertise in the field of thin solar cells and modules and handling of such. The project is structured in 10 work packages covering the process chain from wafer to module and the transfer into pilot production already at mid term as well as integral eco-assessment and management tasks.	none given	none given	none given	F
1992	262533	SOPHIA	PhotoVoltaic European Research Infrastructure	AIT AUSTRIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY GMBH, EUROPEAN DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES LABORATORIES (DERLAB) EV, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH GMBH, ÖSTERREICHISCHES FORSCHUNGS- UND PRÜFZENTRUM ARSENAL GES.M.B.H., FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, FUNDACION TECNALIA RESEARCH & INNOVATION, COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUM, AGENZIA NAZIONALE PER LE NUOVE TECNOLOGIE, L’ENERGIA E LO SVILUPPO ECONOMICO SOSTENIBILE, HELMHOLTZ-ZENTRUM BERLIN FUR MATERIALIEN UND ENERGIE GMBH, RICERCA SUL SISTEMA ENERGETICO – RSE SPA, STICHTING ENERGIEONDERZOEK CENTRUM NEDERLAND, LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY, DANMARKS TEKNISKE UNIVERSITET, UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID, TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT, JRC -JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE- EUROPEAN COMMISSION	ENEL INGEGNERIA E INNOVAZIONE SPA	STIFTELSEN SINTEF		2011-02-01	2015-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 11,579,421.40	€ 9,000,000.00	[175552.17, 152047.0, 511781.76, -1.0, 174100.67, 1255178.9, 293801.66, 1707566.07, 301285.91, 443388.87, 649419.26, 263317.5, 876322.21, 365456.21, 393898.04, 246925.2, 178820.06, 340098.8]	[257048.58]	[174100.67]	[]	FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES	INFRA-2010-1.1.22	The objective of the SOPHIA project is to strenghten and optimise research capabilities, mainly by coordinating efforts on important but precompetitive issues. Large research infrastructures working together will avoid the useless replication of a large number of small efforts. The SOPHIA project aims at pulling together the main European photovoltaic research infrastructures in order to provide the scientific community with common referential to conduct efficient and coordinated research work in the field of PV technologies.	none given	none given	none given	F1
2034	609788	CHEETAH	Cost-reduction through material optimisation and Higher EnErgy outpuT of solAr pHotovoltaic modules – joining Europe’s Research and Development efforts in support of its PV industry	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI ROMA TOR VERGATA, AIT AUSTRIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY GMBH, IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH GMBH, FORSCHUNGSVERBUND BERLIN EV, TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OY, FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, FUNDACION TECNALIA RESEARCH & INNOVATION, COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUM, TURKIYE BILIMSEL VE TEKNOLOJIK ARASTIRMA KURUMU, CENTRE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND SAVING FONDATION, CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES ENERGETICAS MEDIOAMBIENTALES Y TECNOLOGICAS, ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE, AGENZIA NAZIONALE PER LE NUOVE TECNOLOGIE, L’ENERGIA E LO SVILUPPO ECONOMICO SOSTENIBILE, LABORATORIO NACIONAL DE ENERGIA E GEOLOGIA I.P., ZENTRUM FUR SONNENENERGIE- UND WASSERSTOFF-FORSCHUNG BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, HELMHOLTZ-ZENTRUM BERLIN FUR MATERIALIEN UND ENERGIE GMBH, STICHTING ENERGIEONDERZOEK CENTRUM NEDERLAND, LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY, DANMARKS TEKNISKE UNIVERSITET, UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO-BICOCCA, UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE VALENCIA, UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID, TALLINNA TEHNIKAÜLIKOOL, EIDGENOSSISCHE MATERIALPRUFUNGS- UND FORSCHUNGSANSTALT, TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT, MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, JRC -JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE- EUROPEAN COMMISSION		STIFTELSEN SINTEF, INSTITUTT FOR ENERGITEKNIKK		2014-01-01	2017-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 13,282,037.27	€ 9,696,132.00	[59920.0, 253876.0, 159999.0, 652345.0, 314994.0, 410481.0, 59946.0, 847937.0, 60722.0, 661851.0, 607687.0, 60010.0, 60297.0, 60955.0, 609698.0, 449698.0, 338786.0, 60009.0, 398641.0, 755622.0, 998681.0, 60481.0, 509959.0, 60446.0, 59920.0, 60000.0, 229249.0, 60455.0, -1.0, 60990.0, 60001.0]	[]	[314994.0, 449698.0]	[]	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2013.10.1.5	Europe has invoked the SET-Plan to design and implement an energy technology policy for Europe to accelerate the development and deployment of cost-effective renewable energy systems, including photovoltaics. With lower cost of solar electricity, PV could significantly contribute to the achievements of the 20-20-20 objectives.The Joint Program on PV of the European Energy Research Alliance (EERA-PV) aims to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of PV R&D through alignment and joint programming of R&D of its member institutes, and to contribute to the R&D-needs of the Solar Europe Industry Initiative.In CHEETAH, all EERA-PV members will, through collaborative R&D activities, (1) focus on solving specific bottlenecks in the R&D Joint Program of EERA-PV, (2) strengthen the collaboration between PV R&D performers in Europe through sharing of knowledge, personnel and facilities, and (3) accelerate the implementation of developed technologies in the European PV industry. Specifically, CHEETAH R&D will support Pillar A (performance enhancement & energy cost reduction) of the SEII Implementation Plan, through materials optimization and performance enhancement.CHEETAH’s objectives are threefold:1) Developing new concepts and technologies for wafer-based crystalline silicon PV (modules with ultra-thin cells), thin-film PV (advanced light management) and organic PV (very low-cost barriers), resulting in (strongly) reduced cost of materials and increased module performance;2) Fostering long-term European cooperation in the PV R&D sector, by organizing workshops, training of researchers, efficient use of infrastructures;3) Accelerating the implementation of innovative technologies in the PV industry, by a strong involvement of EPIA and EIT-KIC InnoEnergy in the programIt is the ambition of CHEETAH to develop technology and foster manufacturing capabilities so that Europe can regain and build up own manufacturing capacity in all parts of the value chain in due time.	none given	none given	none given	1
2064	101022202	NEFERTITI	Innovative photocatalysts integrated in flow photoreactor systems for direct CO2 and H2O conversion into solar fuels	FUNDACIO PRIVADA INSTITUT CATALA D’INVESTIGACIO QUIMICA, UNIVERSITY OF GALWAY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, UNIVERSIDAD DE BURGOS, ACONDICIONAMIENTO TARRASENSE ASSOCIACION, PEKING UNIVERSITY	SOCAR TURKEY ARASTIRMA GELISTIRME VE INOVASYON ANONIM SIRKETI			2021-07-01	2025-06-30	2021-04-09	H2020	€ 4,312,287.50	€ 3,844,427.50	[358072.95, 506435.73, 0.0, 405716.35, 966522.58, 0.0]	[382916.58]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.3.3.	LC-SC3-RES-3-2020	NEFERTITI will develop an innovative highly efficient photocatalytic system enabling a simultaneous conversion of CO2 and H2O into solar fuels (ethanol and alcohols with longer chain such as (iso)propanol) and thus provide a breakthrough alternative to transform CO2 into valuable products for energy and transport. NEFERTITI aims to integrate novel heterogeneous catalysts (Covalent organic frameworks and metal oxides combined with metallic nanoparticles) and luminescent solar concentrators into two Photocatalytic flow reactors sourced by sunlight energy. The reaction mechanisms for the photocatalytic CO2/H2O conversion and C-C bond formation will be defined and optimised. As this has never been done before, NEFERTITI will develop a completely new way of producing such compounds in a continuous manner having a significant impact on the scientific understating of this technology. Modelling of C-C bond formation from activated intermediates will then determinate the reaction pathways, barriers and selectivity for C-C, C-O and C-H bonds. By increasing the sunlight conversion efficiency and improving light-harvesting and charge separation, NEFERTITI will overcome the remaining technological challenges, improve the competitiveness of the photocatalytic technologies and enable a carbon-neutral production of solar fuels in a single-step process as an alternative to traditional multi-step processes. Novel photocatalytic materials, optical and chemical light-harvesting components and flow reactors will be designed, developed and integrated in a system reaching a TRL4 at the end of the project. Economic and sustainability assessment throughout the entire life cycle will consider socio-economic and environmental impacts, as well as workers’ health & safety to maximize productivity and resource efficiency and minimize the risks. The consortium is composed of an experienced multidisciplinary team from EU, China and USA, supported by an international Advisory Board.	none given	none given	none given	F
2078	838179	LABandFAB	Enabling the scalable and cheap production of efficient and stable organic-based photovoltaic technology realized via printing techniques, for electricity generation		ENI SPA			2021-01-04	2023-01-03	2019-04-16	H2020	€ 171,473.28	€ 171,473.28	[]	[171473.28]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	The reduction of greenhouse emissions is currently acknowledged as a major European objective, and by 2040 a 40% emissions cut is expected, with renewable sources contributing up to 27%. In this respect LAB&FAB aims at developing the fabrication of efficient, cheap and stable organic photovoltaic (OPV) technology printed on flexible substrates, which will be scalable and eventually transferred from a lab-environment to production line. LAB&FAB action will spread on the two parallel fronts: the pilot-scale on one side, and the lab-scale on the other. At the pilot-scale, LAB&FAB will exploit state-of-the art printed OPV modules to push their efficiency, while doubling their lifetime by the end of the project. Long-term stability tests will be carried out and allow for a complete durability assessment, while technological improvements will be introduced to target the efficiency/lifetime goals, as specific weaknesses will be spotted. At the lab scale, novel and efficient materials will be thoroughly explored and characterised and optimised printing protocols will be established for their subsequent integration into solar cells large-area production. Degradation tests will also help assess the materials/devices performance, and at the end of fellowship new efficiency/lifetime benchmarks for such scaled OPV cells will be set.The Experienced Researcher (ER) acquired a solid background on physics of OPV, and thanks to this fellowship she will capitalise and expand it toward more technologically-based challenges related to its technology upscaling. The Host Institution ENI (Italy) is embracing a full transition toward a low-carbon scenario, and thanks to the multidisciplinary aspects of LAB&FAB (covering physics, device engineering, and intellectual property management just to name a few) the Host will be able to offer the ER the perfect environment for future growth and advancement of her professional career in the non-academic sector.	none given	none given	none given	F
2108	884213	FRIENDSHIP	Forthcoming Research and Industry for European and National Development of SHIP	COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, KEMIJSKI INSTITUT		SINTEF ENERGI AS		2020-05-01	2024-04-30	2020-04-07	H2020	€ 4,999,423.74	€ 4,999,423.74	[1047500.0, 1408985.0, 250000.0]	[]	[1047500.0]	[]	H2020-EU.3.3.	LC-SC3-RES-7-2019	Solar heat is already used for Agro-Food industrial processes, mainly under 120°C. The FRIENDSHIP project will aim to demonstrate that solar heat can also be a reliable, user-friendly, high quality and cost-effective resource to meet the heat requirements for other industrial sectors as Textile, Plastics, Wood, Metal and Chemistry. To this end, the project plans to bring together research centres, industry leaders, technologies & heat suppliers into the same consortium in order to unite skills towards the boost and control of the heat supply temperature according to processes needs.Different coupling of technological and control innovations will be investigated: optimization of heat transfer coefficients; coupling and reliability of different solar technologies; introduction of high-temperature heat pumps; combined heat storage bringing flexibility on both solar and process loops with guarantees of continuous operation as well as plug-and-play integration; thermal chillers for cooling demand; and smart control to ease operation of the overall installation according to the process specifications. The proposed systems will be able to supply together heat at temperature up to 300°C and negative cold at temperature down to -40°C. In order to guarantee the replicability and scalability of the proposed demonstration, specific work will be carried out with world-class industries involved in the consortium (regulatory studies, financial incentive schemes, local energy markets creation), especially turned towards relevant users cases: industrial sites and parks in European countries where solar heat is currently underused.Ultimately, the project will evaluate to what extent high share of solar heat heating and cooling will allow to reduce the dependence of industrial processes on carbon energies and associated polluting emissions, and to quantify economic gains related to the use of solar energy in a context of a changing fossil fuel market and changing climatic constraints.	none given	none given	none given	1
2115	101007201	GREEN HYSLAND	“GREEN HYSLAND – Deployment of a H2 Ecosystem on the Island of Mallorca”	UNIVERSITY OF GALWAY, AJUNTAMENT DE LLOSETA, COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, AGENCIA REGIONAL DA ENERGIA E AMBIENTE DA REGIAO AUTONOMA DA MADEIRA, FUNDACION PARA EL DESARROLLO DE LAS NUEVAS TECNOLOGIAS DEL HIDROGENO EN ARAGON, CENTRO NACIONAL DE EXPERIMENTACIONDE TECNOLOGIAS DE HIDROGENO Y PILASDE COMBUSTIBLE CONSORCIO, GEMEENTE AMELAND, UNIVERSIDAD DE LA LAGUNA, UNIVERSITAT DE LES ILLES BALEARS, INSTITUTO BALEAR DE LA ENERGIA, AUTORIDAD PORTUARIA DE BALEARES	ENAGAS RENOVABLE SA, ENAGAS SA	STICHTING NEW ENERGY COALITION		2021-01-01	2025-12-31	2020-12-10	H2020	€ 23,717,171.38	€ 9,999,999.50	[196897.5, 320313.0, 249925.0, 25000.0, 200000.0, 100000.0, 24998.0, 40000.0, 102813.0, 98875.0, 794000.0]	[500000.0, 3200933.0]	[120000.0]	[]	H2020-EU.3.3.	FCH-03-2-2020	The GREEN HYSLAND PROJECT adresses the requirements of the call FCH-03-2-2020: H2 Islands by deploying a fully-integrated and functioning H2 ecosystem in the island of Mallorca, Spain. The project brings together all core elements of the H2 value chain i.e. production, distribution infrastructure and end-use of green hydrogen across mobility, heat and power. The overall approach of GREEN HYSLAND is based on the integration of 6 deployment sites in the island of Mallorca, including 7.5MW of electrolysis capacity connected to local PV plants and 6 FCH end-user applications, namely buses and cars, 2 CHP applications at commercial buildings, electricity supply at the port and injection of H2 into the local gas grid. The intention is to facilitate full integration and operational interconnectivity of all these sites. The project will also deliver the deployment of infrastructure (i.e. dedicated H2 pipeline, distribution via road trailers and a HRS) for distributing H2 across the island and integrating green H2 supply with local end-users. The scalability and EU replicability of this integrated H2 ecosystem will be showcased via a long-term roadmap towards 2050, together with full replication studies. The intention is to expand the impact beyond the technology demonstrations delivered by the project, setting the basis for the first H2 hub at scale in Sothern Europe. This will provide Europe with a blueprint for decarbonization of island economies, and an operational example of the contribution of H2 towards the energy transition and the 2050 net zero targets The project has already been declared to be a Strategic Project by the Balearic Regional Government, and has support from the National Government through IDAE.	none given	none given	none given	F1
2121	883264	Sun-To-X	Solar Energy for Carbon-Free Liquid Fuel	COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE, HELMHOLTZ-ZENTRUM BERLIN FUR MATERIALIEN UND ENERGIE GMBH, STICHTING NEDERLANDSE WETENSCHAPPELIJK ONDERZOEK INSTITUTEN	ENGIE			2020-09-01	2024-02-29	2020-04-07	H2020	€ 3,096,643.75	€ 2,999,143.75	[443048.75, 657937.5, 351537.5, 376486.25]	[211656.25]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.3.3.	LC-SC3-RES-29-2019	The Sun-to-X project will contribute to European Commission targets for clean energy for all and circular economy by developing a system for the conversion of solar energy into storable chemical fuel. While the concept of solar-to-chemical fuels has been around for decades, the technology has been limited by the economic viability and scalability of the technology.The Sun-to-X project focuses on using solar energy to produce a carbon-free, non-toxic, energy-dense, liquid fuel – Hydrosil, with very good long-term stability, which is applicable in the transport and energy sectors. We will firstly produce hydrogen as chemical intermediate through a photoelectrochemical device. This will then be converted to Hydrosil through a thermochemical reaction.The novelty of our proposal lies in the following three key aspects: 1. Overcoming the known practical challenges of high-performance photoelectrochemical fuel production by using membrane photoelectrode assemblies which can operate with solar energy using only ambient humidity as the water supply2. Developing reactors for and demonstrating the renewable production of Hydrosil for the first time, using a thermochemical process (using concentrated solar light)3. Demonstrating a completely decarbonised energy cycle with liquid fuelsIn addition, we will demonstrate the applicability of Hydrosil towards the transition to a circular economy, by using it for the valorisation of waste plastics.	none given	none given	none given	F
2124	101007194	PROMETEO	Hydrogen PROduction by MEans of solar heat and power in high TEmperature Solid Oxide Electrolysers	ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE, AGENZIA NAZIONALE PER LE NUOVE TECNOLOGIE, L’ENERGIA E LO SVILUPPO ECONOMICO SOSTENIBILE, FUNDACION IMDEA ENERGIA, FONDAZIONE BRUNO KESSLER	SNAM S.P.A.			2021-01-01	2024-06-30	2020-12-09	H2020	€ 2,765,206.25	€ 2,499,531.25	[215000.0, 416000.0, 150625.0, 345156.25]	[88750.0]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.3.3.	FCH-02-2-2020	PROMETEO aims at producing green hydrogen from renewable heat & power sources by high temperature electrolysis in areas of low electricity prices associated to photovoltaic or wind.Solid Oxide Electrolysis (SOE) is a highly efficient technology to convert heat & power into hydrogen from water usually validated in steady-state operation. However, the heat for the steam generation may not be available for the operation of the SOE when inexpensive power is offered (e.g. off-grid peak, photovoltaics or wind). Thus, the challenge is to optimize the coupling of the SOE with two intermittent sources: non-programmable renewable electricity and high-temperature solar heat from Concentrating Solar (CS) systems with Thermal Energy Storage (TES) to supply solar heat when power is made available.In PROMETEO a fully integrated optimized system will be developed, where the SOE combined with the TES and ancillary components will efficiently convert intermittent heat & power sources to hydrogen. The design will satisfy different criteria: end-users’ needs, sustainability aspects, regulatory & safety concerns, scale-up and engineering issues. The players of the value-chain will play key roles in the partnership created around the project: from developers and research organizations, to the electrolyzer supplier, system integrator/engineering and end-users. A fully-equipped modular prototype with at least 25 kWe SOE (about 15 kg/day hydrogen production) and TES (for 24 hours operation) will be designed, built, connected to representative external power/heat sources and validated in real context (TRL 5). Particular attention will be given to partial load operation, transients and hot stand-by periods.Industrial end-users will lead to techno-economic & sustainability studies to apply the technology upscaled (up to 100 MW) in on-grid & off-grid scenarios for different end-uses: utility for grid balancing, power-to-gas, and hydrogen as feedstock for the fertilizer & chemical industry.	none given	none given	none given	F
2191	792059	GOPV	Global Optimization of integrated PhotoVoltaics system for low electricity cost	FUNDACION TECNALIA RESEARCH & INNOVATION, COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE, RICERCA SUL SISTEMA ENERGETICO – RSE SPA, ACONDICIONAMIENTO TARRASENSE ASSOCIACION	ENEL GREEN POWER SPA, ENEL GREEN POWER ITALIA SRL			2018-04-01	2023-03-31	2018-03-27	H2020	€ 11,148,682.49	€ 9,403,873.42	[692851.25, 2376770.86, 778428.75, 845562.5, 468663.88]	[1294562.5, 0.0]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.3.3.	LCE-10-2017	Scenarios have forecasted a long lasting amplification with PV electricity becoming the cheapest electricity source in many regions with costs in the range of 4 to 6 c€/kWh for EU by 2024, while 2.2 c€/kWh has been achieved for a 800 MW PV plant planned in Abu Dhabi for 2019.The PV market will continue to expand in the coming years with more than a doubling in the production capacity expected for 2024. At the same time investment in production capacities is foreseen to keep growing hence maintaining the sector highly competitive. For the European PV industry, which is struggling to survive after years of massive investments in China and south-east Asia, the growth of the market represents a chance to come back as a prime player on high-efficiency premium technologies. This is the positioning of GOPV to develop highly competitive technologies for the PV utility market and strong synergies between European players. The project will accelerate reduction of electricity cost implementing advanced PV features and creating synergies across 5 topic areas: Light Management; Energy Efficiency; Material Efficiency; System Reliability; and System configuration and O&M. Ultimately, it will set up an integrated 250 kW PV system to demonstrate a competitive electricity cost of 0.02 €/kWh for irradiation levels of 1900 kWh/m²/year GHI in Southern Europe. The levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) will hence be reduced by 50% (currently 0,04 €/kWh) and the energy payback time reduced by 40%, both in respect to actual standard solution and to PERC best in class mono-facial solution. GOPV project will deliver a 35 years lifetime for the PV string instead of 25 years standards.Beyond GOPV, the global turnover for the six industrial partners exploiting the results of the project will be close to 48 M€ (2022) and will reach 680 M€ in 2027 (x 14 compare to 2020) with an expectation of creating more than 2000 jobs on the 2022-27 period.	none given	none given	none given	F
2201	776680	CIRCUSOL	Circular business models for the solar power industry	VLAAMSE INSTELLING VOOR TECHNOLOGISCH ONDERZOEK N.V., LUNDS UNIVERSITET, BERNER FACHHOCHSCHULE, COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUM	SOCIETE NOUVELLE D’AFFINAGE DES METAUX-SNAM SAS			2018-06-01	2022-11-30	2018-05-04	H2020	€ 8,248,614.25	€ 7,014,892.76	[1413683.0, 505221.25, 748650.0, 666902.5, 602002.5]	[406742.0]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.3.5.	CIRC-01-2016-2017	Solar power generates nearly 4% (and still growing) of Europe’s electricity demand. In 2021, the 200 GW of capacity installed in Europe will result in saving of 219 million CO2 tons/year. By 2030, 8 mill tons of PV panels are expected.Resource efficiency is a critical success factor for the solar power sustainable growth. Performance-based, third-party ownership Product-Service System (PSS) has been widely seen as a key circular economic model to stimulate resource efficiency and reduce waste generation. CIRCUSOL aims to establish solar power as a spearhead sector to demonstrate a path driven by PSS business models towards a circular economy in Europe. Through a co-creative approach with end-users and the entire value chain, CIRCUSOL will develop two main blocks of a circular PSS model: circular product management with re-use/refurbish/remanufacture (“second-life”) paths in addition to recycling, and value-added new product-services for residential, commercial and utility end-users. Five large-scale, real-life demonstrators will be set up in these 3 market segments, in 3 European countries (FR, BE and CH) to validate market acceptance, business viability and resource efficiency benefits.CIRCUSOL will deliver tangible innovation for the solar power industry with market-validated PSS business models, 2nd-life PV/battery labelling/certification protocols and cost/application analysis, and an info-sharing ICT platform. The results will be exploited in FR, BE and CH and prepared for replication in Europe (Letters of Support of stakeholders attached). CIRCUSOL will also deliver verified circular business innovation methodologies for broader use by other industries, sustainability professionals and academia; plus evidence-based knowledge in circular economy implementation for policy makers. All together, CIRCUSOL will contribute to a more resource efficient Europe, while reducing GHG emissions and creating new business opportunities and jobs.	none given	none given	none given	F
2204	952957	TRUST-PV	Increase Friendly Integration of Reliable PV plants considering different market segments	INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUM, ACCADEMIA EUROPEA DI BOLZANO, UNIVERSITY OF CYPRUS, TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT DELFT	ENEL GREEN POWER SPA			2020-09-01	2024-08-31	2020-07-10	H2020	€ 12,878,127.91	€ 9,969,043.63	[982521.95, 1077187.08, 311625.0, 450346.25]	[1169787.5]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.3.3.	LC-SC3-RES-33-2020	TRUST-PV will demonstrate increase in performance and reliability of PV components (e.g. module O&M friendly design, inverter enabled O&M solutions, aftermarket coatings, extended testing beyond standard) and PV systems (e.g. more accurate yield models and assessment, data-driven mitigation measures from monitoring and advanced field inspection, reliability of novel system concepts such as floating PV) in large portfolios of distributed and/or utility scale PV. The TRUST-PV results will be tested and demonstrated from fab to field and all data gathered along the value chain will flow into a decision support system platform with enhanced decision-making using AI.The innovation at component level in TRUST-PV will be driven by the needs of stakeholders operating in a later stage of a PV project, i.e. Asset managers, EPC and O&M operators. TRUST-PV PV modules will thus become O&M friendly and inverter will enable rapid and cost-effective field inspection. The innovation at system level will fully exploit the digitalisation of the PV sector by linking 3D design with BIM concepts, developing more accurate models for yield assessments, and closing the gap between performance and failure detection through monitoring and field inspection. The innovation at the point of connection is based on the deployment of tailored strategies for the residential sector (better observability of performance with cost-effective monitoring solution, use of storage to enable renewable energy communities) and the utility sector (e.g. combination of advanced forecasting with storage and regulation through power plant controllers) with the final aim of improving the hosting capacity and increase stability.Finally, in TRUST-PV we envision a path of circular economy which enhances disposed components/material recovery for further use in the industry, to support progressive steps of plant repowering, aimed at increasing their production and lifetime without requiring additional land.	none given	none given	none given	F
2212	727529	DISC	Double side contacted cells with innovative carrier-selective contacts	CSEM CENTRE SUISSE D’ELECTRONIQUE ET DE MICROTECHNIQUE SA – RECHERCHE ET DEVELOPPEMENT, FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE, INSTITUT FUR SOLARENERGIEFORSCHUNG GMBH, UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI	TOTALENERGIES MARKETING SERVICES			2016-10-01	2019-09-30	2016-09-15	H2020	€ 6,620,246.25	€ 4,743,518.75	[0.0, 857547.5, 799967.5, 0.0, 994795.0, 372125.0]	[157626.25]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.3.3.	LCE-07-2016-2017	The DISC project addresses the need to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels by developing key technologies for the next generation of high-performance photovoltaic (PV) solar cells and modules, allowing ultra-low solar electricity costs with minimum environmental impact.DISC focuses on the only way to fully exploit the potential of silicon to its maximum: through the use of carrier selective junctions, i.e., contacts which allow charge carriers to be extracted without recombination. Such contacts allow for simple device architecture as considered in DISC – non-patterned double-side contacted cells – which can be fabricated within a lean process flow, either by upgrading existing or within future production lines. In DISC, a unique consortium of experienced industrial actors will collaborate with a set of institutes with demonstrated record devices and worldwide exceptional experience in the R&D field of carrier selective contacts. DISC will target efficiencies >25.5% on large area cell and >22% at module level while demonstrating pilot manufacturing readiness at competitive costs. Together with a reduction of non-abundant material consumption (Ag, In), with an enhancement of the energy yield, with modern module design ensuring outstanding durability, DISC will provide the key elements for achieving in Europe very low Levelized Costs of Electricity between 0.04 – 0.07$/kWh (depending on the irradiation), with mid-term potential for further reduction, making solar one of the cheapest electricity source. The high efficient PV modules developed in DISC are predestined for rooftop installations, i.e., neutral with respect to land use aspects. A life cycle approach applied in DISC prevents the shifting of environmental or social burdens between impact categories.DISC has a chance to contribute towards mitigating the impacts of climate change, improving energy access and towards bringing Europe back at the forefront of solar cell science, technology and manufacturing	none given	none given	none given	F
2215	953016	SERENDI-PV	Smooth, REliable aNd Dispatchable Integration of PV in EU Grids	FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, FUNDACION TECNALIA RESEARCH & INNOVATION, COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, WIRTSCHAFTSAGENTUR BURGENLAND FORSCHUNGS- UND INNOVATIONS GMBH, TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE ULM, LAPPEENRANNAN-LAHDEN TEKNILLINEN YLIOPISTO LUT	GALP ENERGIA SA, GALP ENERGIA ESPANA SA			2020-10-01	2024-09-30	2020-07-15	H2020	€ 12,150,542.20	€ 9,779,145.88	[647977.5, 912695.29, 1308021.25, 335912.5, 698875.0, 342406.25]	[378743.75, 0.0]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.3.3.	LC-SC3-RES-33-2020	SERENDI-PV proposes innovations towards two main pillars: (1) increased lifetime, reliability, performance and profitability of PV generation; (2) utility-friendly high-penetration of the PV generation in the grids with improved stability, smart communication between stakeholders and increased knowledge of the PV fleet management.SERENDI-PV will develop advanced PV modelling, simulation and design tools, monitoring data analytics for fault diagnostic and improved O&M, as well as lab and field testing Quality Control (QC) equipment and procedures for better assessment of the reliability of PV components and systems. The innovations will be developed with particular attention to the new PV applications that are becoming increasingly relevant on the market, such as bifacial PV, floating PV and BIPV.SERENDI-PV will pave the way towards higher PV penetration through a better understanding of the PV installed capacity, smart digital models for energy and services communication exchange between system stakeholders, the development of mid-term, short-term forecasting, and nowcasting for PV system aggregations, new business models for PV added revenue, and the creation of a collaborative platform for modelling, data analytics, QC, databases and grid integration.The solutions will be developed on the data from nearly 500,000 PV installations monitored within the consortium, representing a wide range of system sizes and typologies, including large ground-mounted PV plants, mid-size commercial and industrial PV systems, and small-scale rooftop residential PV systems. The results will be achieved through an interdisciplinary approach combining the complementary expertise of the 19 different partners that take part in the consortium and that represent all the relevant stakeholders concerned by the topic of this project. The project will include several key demonstration activities in the operational environment corresponding to each one of the key innovations proposed	none given	none given	none given	F
2222	764452	iDistributedPV	Solar PV on the Distribution Grid: Smart Integrated Solutions of Distributed Generation based on Solar PV, Energy Storage Devices and Active Demand Management	FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, POLSKIE TOWARZYSTWO FOTOWOLTAIKI STOWARZYSZENIA, VYTAUTO DIDZIOJO UNIVERSITETAS, LIETUVOS ENERGETIKOS INSTITUTAS, EREVNITIKO PANEPISTIMIAKO INSTITOUTO SYSTIMATON EPIKOINONION KAI YPOLOGISTON	ENEA OPERATOR SP ZOO			2017-09-01	2020-02-29	2017-08-28	H2020	€ 2,706,940.00	€ 2,706,940.00	[408202.5, 0.0, 0.0, 183937.5, 208125.0]	[152500.0]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.3.3.	LCE-21-2017	iDistributedPV´s aim is developing affordable integrated solutions to enhance the penetration of distributed solar PV (buildings) based on the effective integration of solar PV equipment, energy storage, monitoring and controlling strategies and procedures, active demand management, smart technologies and the integration of procedures in the power distribution system according to market criteria. The project will develop the concept of “prosumer”: a player that consumes and produces electricity in his facilities (solar PV). iDistributedPV will be the EU common place for enhancing the distributed solar PV: promoters, equipment manufacturers, DSOs, energy policy experts and R&D players will work together to develop affordable solutions, and produce business and management models for these solutions. The most promising solutions will be validated according to technical and economic criteria (for every solution a cost-benefit analysis will be elaborated) in five different European real distribution grids (Greece, Lithuania, Spain, Poland and Germany) considering different climatic, regulatory and technical frameworks. The validation process will be a relevant argument to convince the power stakeholders (DSOs, equipment manufacturers, energy authorities, policy makers, etc.) about the suitability of the most effective distributed solar PV solutions such as smart electricity supply.iDistributedPV will provide technical and regulatory recommendations, mainly focused on enhancing an effective and active renewable energy contribution and effective demand management to the security and reliability of the electricity networks: evolution from a power system with a centralized electricity generation to a new one that also includes production/demand units (prosumers) based on renewable energy and smart technologies.	none given	none given	none given	F
2231	727523	NextBase	Next-generation interdigitated back-contacted silicon heterojunction solar cells and modules by design and process innovations	CSEM CENTRE SUISSE D’ELECTRONIQUE ET DE MICROTECHNIQUE SA – RECHERCHE ET DEVELOPPEMENT, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH GMBH, FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUM, ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE, FYZIKALNI USTAV AV CR V.V.I, HELMHOLTZ-ZENTRUM BERLIN FUR MATERIALIEN UND ENERGIE GMBH, TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT DELFT	ENEL GREEN POWER SPA, ENEL GREEN POWER SPA			2016-10-01	2019-09-30	2016-09-15	H2020	€ 4,452,850.00	€ 3,800,421.25	[50000.0, 650975.0, 300250.0, 397666.25, 649971.25, 0.0, 150000.0, 359602.5, 368246.25]	[181210.0, 0.0]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.3.3.	LCE-07-2016-2017	The NextBase project, involving 8 research institutions and 6 companies, deals with the development of innovative high-performance c-Si solar cells and modules based on the interdigitated back-contacted silicon heterojunction (IBC-SHJ) solar cell concept targeting cells with efficiency above 26.0% and corresponding solar modules with efficiency above 22.0%. In particular, a number of new design and process innovations throughout the wafer, cell and module fabrication that go beyond the state-of-the-art will be introduced into the device to achieve the targeted efficiency values. At the same time, the NextBase project pursues the development of a new industrial manufacturing tool and low-cost processes for the IBC-SHJ solar cells enabling a competitive IBC-SHJ solar module cost of < 0.35 €/Wp.	none given	none given	none given	F
2260	864459	TALENT	COST EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS FOR ACCELERATING ENERGY TRANSITION	FUNDACION CIRCE CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION DE RECURSOS Y CONSUMOS ENERGETICOS, COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, UNIVERSIDAD DE OVIEDO, FUNDACION CARTIF	MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC EUROPE BV			2019-10-01	2023-07-31	2019-08-02	H2020	€ 3,974,906.25	€ 3,974,906.25	[273500.0, 560106.25, 369550.0, 363750.0]	[141500.0]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.3.3.	LC-SC3-ES-6-2019	In recent years the global shift to a more sustainable energy system is becoming a reality. Nevertheless, now more than ever it is necessary to make our best efforts in making this transition as fast as possible, because otherwise the consequences could be dreadful for our climate conditions. This change necessarily comes through a full transformation of the energy sector, which must consider the energy in all its shapes.Specifically, it is required the electric sector to be adapted to the foreseen penetration of renewable power generation by means of increasing the grid flexibility, guaranteeing its stability and supply security and making the energy affordable for all citizens. This transformation passes through taking advantage of the local renewable resources and turn the current power generation model into a more decentralized new one. To meet this purpose, the integration of electric storage batteries along the different stage of the power supply chain is crucial. This element plays a key role when it comes to adjust the variability of the generation coming from renewable sources such as wind and solar energy and the end-users demand, which sometimes responds to some given needs and cannot be shifted along the day, and sometimes it can be adapted to the generation profile. In this context, besides the integration of the proper technology into the grids, it is utterly necessary its correct management and thus, the development of suitable tools to balance the different elements integrated in the grid. TALENT aims a wide and cost-effective integration of batteries in the grid that will lead to an increase of the flexibility in the energy system and will be based on new technological developments in: i) scalable and modular power electronics topologies, ii) power electronics devices, iii) high-voltage batteries and iv) interoperable software as a service for energy resources management.	none given	none given	none given	F
2367	679692	Eco-Solar	Eco-Solar Factory – 40%plus eco-efficiency gains in the photovoltaic value chain with minimised resource and energy consumption by closed loop systems	INTERNATIONAL SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCHCENTER KONSTANZ ISC EV, ASOCIACION DE INVESTIGACION METALURGICA DEL NOROESTE		STIFTELSEN SINTEF, SINTEF AS		2015-10-01	2018-09-30	2015-07-20	H2020	€ 5,642,707.75	€ 5,642,707.50	[573950.0, 1122446.41, 458937.5, 253457.96]	[]	[1122446.41, 253457.96]	[]	H2020-EU.2.1.5.	FoF-13-2015	EcoSolar envisions an integrated value chain to manufacture and implement solar panels in the most ecologic way by maximising resource efficiency, taking into account reuse of materials during production and repurposing solar panel components at end of life stage. EcoSolar will demonstrate that during the lifetime of a solar electricity producing field, individual panels can be monitored, allowing to identify defaulting panels at an early stage, replacing or repairing them and thus to increase the overall energy yield. In WP1, SINTEF&Norsun will work on recovery & reuse during silicon ingot crystallisation, addressing recovery of argon purge gas and work with Steuler on reusable crucibles. In WP2 Garbo will recover Si-kerf-loss during wafering, and with SINTEF work on potential reuse applications, like as Si-feedstock in crystallisation processes, or as resource in crucible manufacturing or lithium ion battery production. In WP3, ISC&SoliTek will look into potential for re-using process water; reducing material resources, like chemicals and silver, by smarter solar cell design, more efficient processes and recovery and reuse of chemicals; AIMEN will develop solar cell monitoring and repair for inline processing in an industrial plant, to enable remanufacturing. In WP4 Apollon will use a module design that results in reduced bill of materials, enables remanufacturing and reuse of components from modules that showed failures after assembly or have been identified as malfunctioning in operating PV installations, based on integrated diagnosis techniques for the detection of failure modes.bifa will collect data from all previous WPs to assess environmental impact of the intended innovations (WP5). Bifa will identify waste streams that are costly and hard to recycle and find opportunities to repurpose those waste products. BCC will disseminate the results and will support the partners with the exploitation and replication potential of the results (WP6).	none given	none given	none given	1
2369	958223	PHOTORAMA	PHOtovoltaic waste management – advanced Technologies for recOvery and recycling of secondary RAw MAterials from end-of-life modules	COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, AGENZIA NAZIONALE PER LE NUOVE TECNOLOGIE, L’ENERGIA E LO SVILUPPO ECONOMICO SOSTENIBILE, IDENER RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT AGRUPACION DE INTERES ECONOMICO, ZENTRUM FUR SOZIALE INNOVATION GMBH	ENEL GREEN POWER SPA	SINTEF AS		2021-05-01	2025-04-30	2021-05-07	H2020	€ 10,365,764.75	€ 8,381,666.38	[1532341.0, 588816.25, 400133.75, 423437.5, 389125.0]	[702581.25]	[588816.25]	[]	H2020-EU.3.5.	CE-SC5-07-2020	Since the last decades, Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) have been drastically increasing in Europe, particularly for recent technologies such as Photovoltaic (PV) devices. These products are designed as complex sandwiches, which make the recovery of the critical (Si, In, Ga) and precious (Ag) raw materials encapsulated in the layers extremely challenging.The overall objective of PHOTORAMA is to draw up a profitable and sustainable circular value chain that will lead to a carbon neutral PV industry. PHOTORAMA will develop and demonstrate the industrial prospective of recycling solutions to recover and recycle all the materials ‘components from End-of-life PV panels. A complementary consortium of 13 European companies and research institutes has built the framework of PHOTORAMA as follow:(1) the development of innovative processes and technologies from TRL4-5 to TRL7 to establish a sound recycling scheme to increase significantly resource efficiency with decisive cost-cutting solutions. The implementation of automated disassembly and sandwich opening as layer separation (MONDRAGON, DFD, CEA) enabling high-recovery (> 95%) of secondary raw materials: Ag, Si (SINTEF, CEA, IDENER) and In, Ga (LUXCHEMTECH) from EoL PV panels (crystalline silicon, thin films),(2) the full-circularity approach emphasised from collection (SOREN) to marketable new products from Si, In, Ga, Ag (RHP), glass (MALTHA) mainly for PV manufacturing (EGP),(3) the demonstration of the business viability and attractiveness of its technological solutions (BIFA, ENEA) as one of the most competitive perspective for PV recycling.PHOTORAMA will strengthen this ambitious model with environmental impacts assessments and a strategic dissemination and exploitation plan supported by a strong effort for raising societal awareness (ZSI). The implementation of PHOTORAMA recycling scheme would unlock already more than 100,000 tons of valuable secondary raw materials by 2030.	none given	none given	none given	F1
2395	641972	CABRISS	Implementation of a CirculAr economy Based on Recycled, reused and recovered Indium, Silicon and Silver materials for photovoltaic and other applications	TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET WIEN, FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUM		STIFTELSEN SINTEF, SINTEF AS		2015-06-01	2018-05-31	2015-05-11	H2020	€ 9,266,682.65	€ 7,844,564.54	[806457.5, 889005.0, 415660.0, 1525743.9, 828058.75, 61363.75]	[]	[889005.0, 61363.75]	[]	H2020-EU.3.5.	WASTE-1-2014	The main vision of CABRISS project is to develop a circular economy mainly for the photovoltaic, but also for electronic and glass industry. It will consist in the implementation of: (i) recycling technologies to recover In, Ag and Si for the sustainable PV technology and other applications; (ii) a solar cell processing roadmap, which will use Si waste for the high throughput, cost-effective manufacturing of hybrid Si based solar cells and will demonstrate the possibility for the re-usability and recyclability at the end of life of key PV materials. The developed Si solar cells will have the specificity to have a low environmental impact by the implementation of low carbon footprint technologies and as a consequence, the technology will present a low energy payback (about 1 year).The originality of the project relates to the cross-sectorial approach associating together different sectors like the Powder Metallurgy (fabrication of Si powder based low cost substrate), the PV industry (innovative PV Cells) and the industry of recycling (hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy) with a common aim : make use of recycled waste materials (Si, In and Ag). CABRISS focuses mainly on a photovoltaic production value chain, thus demonstrating the cross-sectorial industrial symbiosis with closed-loop processes.	none given	none given	none given	1
2405	685445	LORCENIS	Long Lasting Reinforced Concrete for Energy Infrastructure under Severe Operating Conditions	UNIVERSITEIT GENT, ETHNICON METSOVION POLYTECHNION, RISE CBI BETONGINSTITUTET AB, RISE RESEARCH INSTITUTES OF SWEDEN AB, HELMHOLTZ-ZENTRUM HEREON GMBH, AGENCIA ESTATAL CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS, UNIVERSIDADE DE AVEIRO, FUNDACION CIDETEC	VATTENFALL AB	STIFTELSEN SINTEF, SINTEF AS		2016-04-01	2020-03-31	2016-04-29	H2020	€ 7,927,345.00	€ 7,610,745.00	[478141.25, 507577.52, 755625.0, 379418.13, 431546.87, 586250.0, 885547.48, 462665.0, 336208.75, 220000.0]	[650125.0]	[507577.52, 885547.48]	[]	H2020-EU.2.1.3.	NMP-19-2015	The main goal of the LORCENIS project is to develop long reinforced concrete for energy infrastructures with lifetime extended up to a 100% under extreme operating conditions. The concept is based on an optimal combination of novel technologies involving customized methodologies for cost-efficient operation. 4 scenarios of severe operating conditions are considered:1. Concrete infrastructure in deep sea, arctic and subarctic zones: Offshore windmills, gravity based structures, bridge piles and harbours2. Concrete and mortar under mechanical fatigue in offshore windmills and sea structures3. Concrete structures in concentrated solar power plants exposed to high temperature thermal fatigue4. Concrete cooling towers subjected to acid attackThe goal will be realized through the development of multifunctional strategies integrated in concrete formulations and advanced stable bulk concretes from optimized binder technologies. A multi-scale show case will be realized towards service-life prediction of reinforced concretes in extreme environments to link several model approaches and launch innovation for new software tools.The durability of sustainable advanced reinforced concrete structures developed will be proven and validated within LORCENIS under severe operating conditions based on the TRL scale, starting from a proof of concept (TRL 3) to technology validation (TRL 5).LORCENIS is a well-balanced consortium of multidisciplinary experts from 9 universities and research institutes and 7 industries whose 2 are SMEs from 8 countries who will contribute to training by exchange of personnel and joint actions with other European projects and increase the competitiveness and sustainability of European industry by bringing innovative materials and new methods closer to the marked and permitting the establishment of energy infrastructures in areas with harsh climate and environmental conditions at acceptable costs.	none given	none given	none given	F1
2437	779577	REFLEX	Reversible solid oxide Electrolyzer and Fuel cell for optimized Local Energy miX	TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OY, COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, DANMARKS TEKNISKE UNIVERSITET, UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA	ENGIE, ENGIE SERVIZI SPA			2018-01-01	2023-06-30	2017-12-06	H2020	€ 2,999,575.48	€ 2,999,575.25	[299981.25, 595826.25, 298217.5, 387140.99]	[198525.25, 0.0]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.3.3.	FCH-02-3-2017	The REFLEX project aims at developing an innovative renewable energies storage solution, the “Smart Energy Hub”, based on reversible Solid Oxide Cell (rSOC) technology, that is to say able to operate either in electrolysis mode (SOEC) to store excess electricity to produce H2, or in fuel cell mode (SOFC) when energy needs exceed local production, to produce electricity and heat again from H2 or any other fuel locally available. The challenging issue of achieving concomitantly high efficiency, high flexibility in operation and cost optimum is duly addressed through improvements of rSOC components (cells, stacks, power electronics, heat exchangers) and system, and the definition of advanced operation strategies. The specifications, detailed system design and the advanced operation strategies are supported by modelling tasks.An in-field demonstration will be performed in a technological park, where the Smart Energy Hub will be coupled to local solar and mini-hydro renewable sources and will provide electricity and heat to the headquarters of the park. It will demonstrate, in a real environment, the high power-to-power round-trip efficiency of this technology and its flexibility in dynamic operation, thus moving the technology from Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 3 to 6.The Smart Energy Hub being modular, made of multistacks/multimodules arrangements, scale up studies will be performed to evaluate the techno-economic performance of the technology to address different scales of products for different markets. To reach these objectives, REFLEX is a cross multidisciplinary consortium gathering 9 organisations from 6 member states (France, Italy, Denmark, Estonia, Spain, Finland). The partnership covers all competences necessary: cells and stacks development and testing (ELCOGEN, CEA, DTU), power electronics (USE, GPTech), system design and manufacturing (SYLFEN), system modelling (VTT), field test (Envipark), techno-economical and market analysis (ENGIE).	none given	none given	none given	F
2461	101036457	EU-SCORES	European Scalable Complementary Offshore Renewable Energy Sources	PROVINCIALE ONTWIKKELINGSMAATSCHAPPIJ WEST-VLAANDEREN, INESC TEC – INSTITUTO DE ENGENHARIADE SISTEMAS E COMPUTADORES, TECNOLOGIA E CIENCIA, UPPSALA UNIVERSITET, WAVEC/OFFSHORE RENEWABLES – CENTRO DE ENERGIA OFFSHORE ASSOCIACAO, TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT DELFT, LAPPEENRANNAN-LAHDEN TEKNILLINEN YLIOPISTO LUT	RWE OFFSHORE WIND GMBH, RWE RENEWABLES MANAGEMENT UK LIMITED, RWE RENEWABLES MANAGEMENT UK LIMITED, ENEL GREEN POWER SPA, RWE RENEWABLES EUROPE & AUSTRALIA GMBH			2021-09-01	2025-08-31	2021-08-31	H2020	€ 45,776,319.72	€ 34,831,483.81	[2052390.0, 2350626.25, 747876.25, 1758794.88, 913866.25, 627625.0]	[194106.74, 0.0, 0.0, 665623.88, 26554.26]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.3.3.	LC-GD-2-1-2020	Efficient and effective use of offshore renewables is pivotal in the transition of the EU to become a net-zero economy in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. EU-SCORES will unlock the large-scale potential of the roll-out of offshore renewable energy in multi-source parks across different European sea basins through two highly comprehensive and impactful demonstrations: (1) An offshore solar PV system in Belgium co-located with a bottom fixed windfarm and; (2) A wave energy array in Portugal co-located with a floating wind farm. The multi-source demonstrations in EU-SCORES will showcase the benefits of a continuous power output harnessing the complementarity between wind, sun and waves as it leads to a more resilient and stable power system, higher capacity factors and a lower total cost per MWh. These aspects will also improve the business case for the production of green hydrogen within these parks. The full-scale demonstrations will prove how the increased power output and capacity installed per km2 will reduce the amount of marine space needed, thereby leaving more space for aquaculture, fisheries, shipping routes and environmentally protected zones. Additional benefits attained by co-using critical electrical infrastructures and exploring advanced operation and maintenance methodologies supported by innovative autonomous systems will further lower the costs per MWh. The involvement of major project developers and utility companies (EDP, EGP, SBE, RWE, EnBW, Eneco, OceanWinds, and Parkwind) will ensure an accelerated path towards commercialisation of these innovative parks.Altogether, through a highly competent, skilled and motivated consortium EU-SCORES will pave the way for bankable multi-source parks including wind, wave and floating solar systems across different European sea basins by 2025, thereby supporting the stability and resilience of the European energy system, while considering sustainability, local stakeholders and existing ecosystems.	none given	none given	none given	F
2527	745601	AMPERE	Automated photovoltaic cell and Module industrial Production to regain and secure European Renewable Energy market	CSEM CENTRE SUISSE D’ELECTRONIQUE ET DE MICROTECHNIQUE SA – RECHERCHE ET DEVELOPPEMENT, FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE, AGENZIA NAZIONALE PER LE NUOVE TECNOLOGIE, L’ENERGIA E LO SVILUPPO ECONOMICO SOSTENIBILE, CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE	ENEL GREEN POWER SPA, ENEL GREEN POWER ITALIA SRL			2017-05-01	2020-04-30	2017-04-04	H2020	€ 26,557,003.75	€ 14,952,065.14	[0.0, 483287.5, 2662273.75, 0.0, 566387.5, 253062.5]	[8765433.26, 0.0]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.3.3.	LCE-09-2016	Today’s world PV market is dominated by standard crystalline solar cells (so-called Al-BSF cells) and part of the market is shifting to PERC solar cells. The shift is obtained by introducing three additional process steps to the standard process (rear side cleaning, passivation and laser opening), and allows a gain of typically 1% absolute in efficiency. Next generation c-Si technologies should feature higher voltage solar cells with higher efficiency and less processing steps in the manufacturing, allowing for further cost reduction, both at the PV panel level and for the final cost of solar electricity. AMPERE focuses on technologies with such a potential and capitalizes on the high tech investments made in Europe over the last decade for establishing advanced manufacturing processes for crystalline silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells and modules, on the development of hardware capable of coating at high speed and low cost homogeneous materials of high electronic quality. It also bases on the unique expertise gained in production of thin film modules, and in all hardware issues related to large area coatings in production environment, which can applied for the production of SHJ cells and modules. The final goal of the project is t the setting-up of a 100 MW full-scale automated pilot line in production environment at the 3Sun fab, while preparing the next steps to 300 MW and GW scale. The project will operate with the support of full technology platforms for solar cells at CEA and the platform for advanced module technologies at MBS. It will demonstrate practically the ultra-low cost potential of such manufacturing approaches, as well as the even more impressively low solar electricity generation costs thanks to high efficiency and/or intrinsic bifaciality of the selected technologies.	none given	none given	none given	F
2548	842547	PV Impact	Actual execution of the Implementation Plan for Photovoltaics and monitoring the Implementation Plan’s delivery	FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUM, ACCADEMIA EUROPEA DI BOLZANO, CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE	ENEL GREEN POWER SPA			2019-04-01	2022-03-31	2019-03-04	H2020	€ 1,094,565.00	€ 1,094,565.00	[51492.5, 76747.5, 166487.5, 26125.0]	[76156.25]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.3.3.	LC-SC3-JA-2-2018-2019	PV Impact will try out a variety of approaches to stimulate the private sector to spend more on PV research, development and innovation in Europe. The part of the project will focus on inviting companies to matchmaking events so they can make new connections and find partners with whom to work on their plans. The project will also target two specific industrial companies: one, ENEL Green Power, will try to make progress on the Implementation Plan by coordinating the many different PV actors in Italy; the other, Photowatt, will work mostly privately but tap the consortium’s expertise and those of scientists whom it will select to help it make the right strategic technical choices to be a serious competitor in PV manufacturing.Another important part of the project is to monitor progress in PV. Data will be collected on public spending in the EU, on private spending, on the kinds of projects being funded and on the overall performance of PV technology. Forecasts for future spending will be made according to various scenarios. The project will track whether improvements in the performance of technology are keeping pace with expectations. It will make recommendations to European funding authorities on how they can play their part in putting European PV technology back the top of the class if it is falling behind.	none given	none given	none given	F
2550	816336	SUNRISE	Solar Energy for a Circular Economy	FUNDACIO PRIVADA INSTITUT CATALA D’INVESTIGACIO QUIMICA, UNIWERSYTET WARSZAWSKI, UNIVERSITEIT LEIDEN, IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH GMBH, FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, UPPSALA UNIVERSITET, CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE, FUNDACION IMDEA ENERGIA, NORGES TEKNISK-NATURVITENSKAPELIGE UNIVERSITET NTNU, TURUN YLIOPISTO, EIDGENOSSISCHE MATERIALPRUFUNGS- UND FORSCHUNGSANSTALT	ENGIE			2019-03-01	2020-04-30	2019-02-22	H2020	€ 1,084,671.25	€ 1,000,000.00	[86999.97, 32833.32, 198917.7, 14416.66, 46916.25, 70749.98, 128166.63, 38249.99, 32833.32, 59916.65, 17750.0, 18750.0, 21999.99, 24166.66]	[18750.0]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.1.2.	FETFLAG-01-2018	The aim of SUNRISE is to make sustainable fuels and commodity chemicals at affordable costs of materials and Earth surface, using sunlight as the only energy source. This includes nitrogen fixation and the conversion of atmospheric CO2 into products, which will be a game changer in the fight against climate change. The CSA SUNRISE gathers the scientific and industrial communities that will develop radically new technologies to harvest solar energy and enable the foundation of a global circular economy. SUNRISE targets three synergistic S&T approaches: (i) electrochemical conversion with renewable power, direct conversion via (ii) photoelectrochemical and (iii) biological and biohybrid systems. These will be implemented with the crucial support of novel material design via high performance computing, advanced biomimicry, and synthetic biology. Ultimately, the novel solar-to-chemical technologies will be integrated into the global industrial system. In 10 years, SUNRISE will bring renewable fuel production to TRL 9 at a cost of 0.4 €/L and atmospheric CO2 photoconversion at TRL 7. The ambition is to convert up to 2500 tons of CO2 and produce > 100 tons of commodity chemicals (per ha per year), realizing a 300% energy gain over present best practices and deploying devices on the 1000 ha scale. This requires new solutions for absorbing >90% of light and storing >80% of the photogenerated electrons in fuels/chemicals produced in large-scale solar energy converters, in close interaction with social and environmental sciences to optimize their deployment. SUNRISE will make Europe the leading hub of disruptive technologies, closing the carbon cycle and providing a solar dimension to the chemical industry, with enormous economical, societal and environmental benefits. SUNRISE is an intrinsically flagship enterprise that has obtained explicit commitment from top organisations, both from industry and academia across Europe, to set the stage for the next steps of the action.	none given	none given	none given	F
2552	735218	PECSYS	Technology demonstration of large-scale photo-electrochemical system for solar hydrogen production	FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH GMBH, UPPSALA UNIVERSITET, CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE, HELMHOLTZ-ZENTRUM BERLIN FUR MATERIALIEN UND ENERGIE GMBH	ENEL GREEN POWER SPA			2017-01-01	2020-12-31	2016-12-07	H2020	€ 2,499,992.50	€ 2,499,992.50	[600532.53, 531138.94, 370973.89, 715562.5]	[185338.85]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.3.3.	FCH-02-3-2016	The objective of the project PECSYS is the demonstration of a system for the solar driven electrochemical hydrogen generation with an area >10 m². The efficiency of the system will be >6% and it will operate for six month showing a degradation below <10%. Therefore, the consortium will test various established PV materials (thin-film Silicon, crystalline Silicon and CIGS) as well as high potential material combinations (Perovskite/Silicon). It will study and develop innovative device concepts for integrated photoelectrochemical devices that will go far beyond the current state of the art and will allow to reduce Ohmic transport losses in the electrolyte and membranes. The best concepts will be scaled up to prototype size (>100 cm²) and will be subject to extensive stability optimization. Especially, the use of innovative ALD based metal oxide sealing layers will be studied. The devices will have the great advantage compared to decoupled systems that they will have reduced Ohmic transport losses. Another advantage for application in sunny, hot regions will be that these devices have a positive temperature coefficient, because the improvements of the electrochemical processes overcompensate the reduced PV conversion efficiency. With these results, an in-depth socio-techno-economic model will be developed to predict the levelized cost of hydrogen production, which will be below 5€/Kg Hydrogen in locations with high solar irradiation, as preliminary back of the envelope calculations have revealed. Based on these findings, the most promising technologies will be scaled to module size. The final system will consist of several planar modules and will be placed in Jülich. No concentration or solar tracking will be necessary and therefore the investment costs will be low. It will have an active area >10 m² and will produce more than 10 Kg of hydrogen over six month period.	none given	none given	none given	F
2570	792245	SUPER PV	CoSt redUction and enhanced PERformance of PV systems	AGENCE NATIONALE POUR LA MAITRISE DE L’ENERGIE, NEDERLANDSE ORGANISATIE VOOR TOEGEPAST NATUURWETENSCHAPPELIJK ONDERZOEK TNO, UNIVERSITE MOHAMMED V DE RABAT, COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, FUNDACIO INSTITUT DE RECERCA DE L’ENERGIA DE CATALUNYA, L’UREDERRA, FUNDACION PARA EL DESARROLLO TECNOLOGICO Y SOCIAL, INSTITUT FUR SOLARENERGIEFORSCHUNG GMBH, MOROCCAN FOUNDATION FOR ADVANCED SCIENCE INNOVATION AND RESEARCHFONDATION MASCIR, PERSPEKTYVINIU TECHNOLOGIJU TAIKOMUJU TYRIMU INSTITUTAS, UNIVERSITAT KONSTANZ, SCUOLA UNIVERSITARIA PROFESSIONALE DELLA SVIZZERA ITALIANA, UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI		SINTEF AS		2018-05-01	2022-10-31	2018-04-30	H2020	€ 11,543,295.89	€ 9,907,793.00	[335625.0, 520037.0, 208725.0, 705721.0, 505568.75, 896462.5, 309500.0, 575247.5, 205537.0, 435600.0, 580312.0, 622031.25, 396812.0]	[]	[896462.5]	[]	H2020-EU.3.3.	LCE-10-2017	SUPER PV is pursuing an ambitious bus realistic goal for innovative PV system cost reduction and consequently significant LCOE reduction (26%-37%) by adopting hybrid approach combining technological innovations and Data Management methods along the PV value chain. To achieve that, key actions will be implemented at three main levels within the PV value chain: PV module innovation level, power electronics innovation level and system integration level. To ensure fast uptake of the project results by industry, state of the art modules (c-Si and flexible CIGS) and power electronics products were utilised for adopting innovations developed by research centres. For cost reduction in system integration and operation, Digitalization and Data Management solutions based on Industry 4.0 approach will be adopted following successful utilization of Building Information Modelling approach in the construction sector. Selected for uptake innovations will be compatible with existing manufacturing technological processes thus reducing impact on Cost of Ownership and ensuring attractiveness of proposed technologies for PV manufacturers. Prototype SUPER PV systems will be produced in industrial environments and tested in different (including harsh) climate conditions to evaluate cost efficiency and demonstrate competitiveness of the proposed solutions. On the basis of test results, business cases for technologies under consideration will be performed, plans for production and market replication will be prepared. Project activities will be complemented by wide training and dissemination campaign ensuring highest visibility and social impact of the project activities. By delivering to the market SUPERior PV products, the project will have twofold impact on EU PV sector: 1. Will create conditions for accelerated large scale deployment of PV in Europe for both utility (non-urban) and residential (urban) scenarios and 2. Will help EU PV businesses to regain leadership on world market.	none given	none given	none given	1
2637	884411	ASTEP	Application of Solar Thermal Energy to Processes	UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE EDUCACION A DISTANCIA, UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE CARTAGENA, CENTRE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND SAVING FONDATION, FUNDACION PARA EL FOMENTO DE LA INNOVACION INDUSTRIAL, UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DELLA CAMPANIA LUIGI VANVITELLI, BRUNEL UNIVERSITY LONDON, POLITECHNIKA WROCLAWSKA, UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID	ARCELORMITTAL ACERALIA BASQUE HOLDING SOCIEDAD LIMITADA, ARCELORMITTAL TUBULAR PRODUCTS IASI SA			2020-05-01	2025-06-30	2020-04-17	H2020	€ 4,999,360.00	€ 4,999,360.00	[736250.0, 363625.0, 111363.75, 0.0, 153750.0, 639883.75, 205046.25, 704312.5]	[0.0, 241972.5]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.3.3.	LC-SC3-RES-7-2019	Application of Solar Thermal Energy to Processes (ASTEP) will create a new innovative Solar Heating for Industrial Processes (SHIP) concept focused on overcoming the current limitations of these systems. This solution is based on modular and flexible integration of two innovative designs for the solar collector (SunDial) and the Thermal Energy Storage (TES, based on Phase Change Materials, PCM) integrated via a control system which will allow flexible operation to maintain continuous service against the unpredictable nature of the solar source and partially during night operation. ASTEP will demonstrate its capability to cover a substantial part of the heat demand of the process industry at temperatures above 150 ºC and for latitudes where current designs are not able to supply it. Its modularity and compactness will also enable easy installation and repair with reduced space requirements, while most of components can be sourced locally. The ASTEP`s process integration will allow full compatibility with the existing systems of potential end-users of SHIP. These aspects will provide a very competitive solution to substitute fossil fuel consumption. The developed solar concept will be tested at two industrial sites to prove the objective’s target of TRL5. Life Cycle Analysis will be included to validate and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed technologies. The first Industrial Site of the proposal is the world’s leading steel company, ArcelorMittal, with a heating demand above 220 ºC for a factory located at a latitude of 47.1 N (Iasi, Romania). The second site is the dairy company MANDREKAS, located at a latitude of 37.93 N (Corinth, Greece) with a heating demand for steam at 175 ºC and a cooling demand at 5 ºC. These test locations will validate the ASTEP solution for a substantial part of the potential requirements of industrial heating and cooling demand of the European Union (EU28), which is estimated at approximately 72 TWh per year	none given	none given	none given	F
2682	777968	INFINITE-CELL	International cooperation for the development of cost-efficient kesterite/c-Si thin film next generation tandem solar cells	INSTITUTUL DE FIZICA APLICATA, UNIVERSITE MOHAMMED V DE RABAT, BELARUSIAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATICS AND RADIOELECTRONICS, FUNDACIO INSTITUT DE RECERCA DE L’ENERGIA DE CATALUNYA, UNIVERSITY OF THE WESTERN CAPE, UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE CATALUNYA, HELMHOLTZ-ZENTRUM BERLIN FUR MATERIALIEN UND ENERGIE GMBH, MOROCCAN FOUNDATION FOR ADVANCED SCIENCE INNOVATION AND RESEARCHFONDATION MASCIR, UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID, CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE CNRS		STIFTELSEN SINTEF, SINTEF AS		2017-11-01	2023-04-30	2017-10-17	H2020	€ 1,318,500.00	€ 1,318,500.00	[261180.0, -1.0, 0.0, -1.0, 279450.0, 55620.0, -1.0, 49500.0, 81000.0, -1.0, 108900.0, 158940.0]	[]	[0.0, 55620.0]	[]	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-RISE-2017	Photovoltaic (PV) is recognized as one of the main renewable energy solutions for fulfilling the targets defined by the EU Energy Roadmap 2050 and the SET Plan. Most of the current commercial PV devices are formed by single junctions, and more complex device concepts allowing a significant increase in device efficiency (well beyond the theoretical limit in the 30%-33% range) are still mostly limited to expensive III-V technologies.INFINITE-CELL proposes extending the very high efficiency tandem device concepts to emerging thin film PV technologies with high potential for reduction of costs and avoiding the use of critical raw materials. Within this context, the aim is to establish and consolidate an International and Intersectoral Cooperation between 6 EC/AC Academic Institutions (IREC, SINTEF AS, CNRS, UAM, IAP-ASM, HZB), 2 European Companies (SUNGA, MET), and 4 non EC/AC Academic Institutions (MASCIR, BSUIR, UM5, UWC), for the development of cost-efficient photovoltaic tandem devices based in the combination of wide band-gap kesterite absorbers (Cu2Zn(Si,Ge,Sn)(S,Se)4) as top cell, and low cost c-Si thin film as bottom cell. Thanks to the combination of the know-how generated in previous and successful FP7 projects (PVICOKEST (269167) and EUROSUNMED (608593)), INFINITE-CELL targets to develop stacked and monolithically integrated kesterite/c-Si thin film devices with efficiencies of 15% and 20% respectively, using only fully sustainable materials and processes. This will be possible through de definition of a very impacting Research Plan and a very ambitious Plan of Secondments, where 293 PMs will be exchanged among the partners. The seconded researchers will be immersed in an International and Intersectoral environment for the development and improvement of their networking, scientific, writing, effective communication, and time management skills, warranting the consolidation of a high level scientific community in Advanced Tandem Solar Cell.	none given	none given	none given	1
2685	763919	FLEXCHX	FLEXIBLE COMBINED PRODUCTION OF POWER, HEAT AND TRANSPORT FUELS FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES	TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OY, DEUTSCHES ZENTRUM FUR LUFT – UND RAUMFAHRT EV, LIETUVOS ENERGETIKOS INSTITUTAS	NESTE ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS OY			2018-03-01	2021-04-30	2018-02-26	H2020	€ 4,489,545.00	€ 4,489,545.00	[1493322.5, 457420.0, 225552.5]	[153750.0]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.3.3.	LCE-07-2016-2017	Seasonal solar energy potential and the need for heat and power do not match in Northern and Central European conditions. Consequently, large investments are needed for storing solar energy from summer season to dark winter time. The widely available combined heat and power plants and heating networks should be utilized effectively also in the future energy system. In addition to these challenges, decarbonisation of the transport sector requires massive production of renewable fuels especially for the heavy duty sector: air traffic, ships, heavy duty road vehicles. FLEXCHX project is aiming to present a cost-effective solution to tackle these challenges of the new European energy mix.Principal ideas of the proposal are:- A hybrid process that integrates electrolysis to biomass gasification and synthesis is developed and the key enabling technologies of this process are validated to reach TRL5.- In summer season renewable fuel intermediate (FT-wax) is produced from biomass carbon boosted with solar energy driven electrolysis. A small amount of by-product heat is also produced to cover the summer-time demand for district heating. Biomass consumption is halved compared to the winter time operation and 50 % of the input energy comes from low-cost excess electricity.- In winter season the plant is operated without the electrolyzer in a way that biomass conversion to liquid fuel intermediate, heat and electricity is maximized.- Most of the invested plant components are in full use throughout the year, only the electrolysis unit is operated seasonallyBehind FLEXCHX there is a multi-national consortium composed of RTD organizations, industry and SMEs representing the entire value chain. The RTD partners have excellent synergistic competences, while the industrial partners represent lead industries covering the complete value chain from biomass gasification, gas cleaning and fuel synthesis component and plant manufacturers to service providers and end-users.	none given	none given	none given	F
2701	720985	NewSOL	New StOrage Latent and sensible concept for high efficient CSP Plants	ASOCIACION DE INVESTIGACION METALURGICA DEL NOROESTE, UNIVERSIDADE DE EVORA, AGENCIA ESTATAL CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS, LABORATORIO NACIONAL DE ENERGIA E GEOLOGIA I.P., DEUTSCHES ZENTRUM FUR LUFT – UND RAUMFAHRT EV, EIDGENOESSISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE ZUERICH		STIFTELSEN SINTEF, SINTEF AS		2017-01-01	2021-07-31	2016-12-14	H2020	€ 5,614,208.76	€ 4,981,423.26	[36576.22, 463562.5, 1188276.25, 326767.53, 514068.75, 463547.5, 512125.0, 0.0]	[]	[36576.22, 326767.53]	[]	H2020-EU.2.1.3.	NMBP-17-2016	NewSOL proposal addresses the specific challenge towards high efficiency solar energy harvesting by advancematerials solutions and architectures that are in line with those specified in SET-plan. Its main objective is to develop advance materials solutions based on innovative storage media and concepts for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) up to validation in field of their performance by real time monitoring. This will be supported by an innovative thermal energy storage design based on the combination of new functional and advanced materials, like heat thermal fluid, sensible and latent energy storage media and insulating materials, into two innovative plant architectures: single tank thermocline storage and concrete type module. The main challenges of NewSOL are: Develop two new system Architectures: I) Thermocline Tank, (combining sensible and latent heat up to 550ºC), and II) Concrete module tank (sensible heat up to 550ºC). The scope to fulfil the challenges is to validate four new advance materials: 1) High thermal performance concrete (including carbon nanostructures), 2) Molten Salts (including nanoparticles), 3) PCMs, and 4) Filler Material re-usage.From the careful combination of the materials solutions within the two concept solutions six high relevant Impacts are expected: a) Reduced LCOE,10-12cEuro/kWh via higher material performance,b) New designs that enable a reduction of CAPEX and OPEX, c) Increase material understanding enabling long term performance,d)Deployment of high tech monitoring technologies included in the demo activities,e) Environmental re-usage of materials, and g) Through innovative materials, higher world market penetration of European materials supply sector.Moreover, investments foreseen at prototype level will be integrated into EMSP, part of the European ResearchInfrastructure Network, a research-enabling platform EU-Solaris, thus, NewSOL legacy will be a strength for the future of the European Renewable Energy Industry.	none given	none given	none given	1
2744	862192	SunCoChem	Photoelectrocatalytic device for SUN-driven CO2 conversion into green CHEMicals	UNIVERSITE DE MONTPELLIER, DIETHNES PANEPISTIMIO ELLADOS, FONDAZIONE ISTITUTO ITALIANO DI TECNOLOGIA, HELMHOLTZ-ZENTRUM BERLIN FUR MATERIALIEN UND ENERGIE GMBH, POLITECNICO DI TORINO, THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, FUNDACIO EURECAT, CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE CNRS	DOW CHEMICAL IBERICA SL			2020-05-01	2024-10-31	2020-04-08	H2020	€ 6,810,295.00	€ 6,617,645.00	[0.0, 159217.5, 428124.95, 506562.5, 738750.0, 0.0, 1188586.36, 552225.0]	[120912.5]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.2.1.3.	CE-NMBP-25-2019	SunCoChem will have an important impact in reduction of the dependence of the European Chemical Industry (ECI) on carbon feedstock by producing a competitive and integrated solution enabling the carbon-netural production of high valuable chemicals from solar energy, H20 and CO2.SunCoChem will provide a solution based on a competitive tandem photoelectrocatalytic reactor (TPER) to efficiently produce oxo-products from CO2, water and sunlight. This will be achieved by process intensification coupling a sun-driven carbon dioxide reduction to CO/water oxidation to O2 with C-C bond carbonylation reaction catalysed by novel multifunctional hybrid photoelectrocatalysts (PEcats)SunCoChem is focused on the production of 3 main oxo-products of interest for three important chemical industries in Europe: i) Glycolic Acid, used as polymers building block and of interest to AVANTIUM CHEMICALS BV; ii) Valeraldheyde, a flavor ingredient of interest to and produced by DOW CHEMICALS; and iii) LimoxalTM a fragrance ingredient of interest to and produced by IFF.The TPER will be demonstrated at a TRL5 scale of 1m2 and validated by a set of 3 case studies corresponding to the 3 selected products, representing real chemical industry needs from the 3 mentioned industrial partners. The sustainable and efficient technology for oxo-products production will be demonstrated by addressing the recycling CO2 flue gas and by-products from Dow Chemicals and IFF, with an improved chemical energy conversion efficiency (≥10%) and CO2 emissions reduction (≥50%). The advantages of the SunCoChem technology in terms of social and environment impact will be analyzed with respect to conventional production routes of the same target products.Maximum impact will be ensured through the involvement of the mentioned three industrial end users in the validation of the technology, a well-balanced dissemination, standardization, communication, stakeholders engagement and exploitation of the different results.	none given	none given	none given	F
2753	101006839	CONDOR	COmbined suN-Driven Oxidation and CO2 Reduction for renewable energy storage	FUNDACIO PRIVADA INSTITUT CATALA D’INVESTIGACIO QUIMICA, THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL, CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM – UNIVERSITA DI BOLOGNA, UNIVERSITEIT UTRECHT, UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI FERRARA	ENGIE			2020-11-01	2024-10-31	2020-10-28	H2020	€ 4,087,866.25	€ 3,989,116.25	[448118.75, 0.0, 450375.0, 854250.0, 429998.75, 506375.0]	[315500.0]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.3.3.	LC-SC3-RES-1-2019-2020	Conversion of sunlight into fuels and mitigation of anthropogenic climate change are big scientific challenges. CONDOR addresses both of them by developing highly efficient solar-driven conversion of CO2 into fuels and added-value chemicals. We propose a photosynthetic device made of two compartments (a) a photoelectrochemical cell that splits water and CO2 and generates oxygen and syngas, a mixture of H2 and CO; (b) a (photo)reactor that converts syngas into methanol and dimethylether (DME), via bi-functional heterogeneous catalysts. The proposed modular approach enables different configurations depending on the target product. The oxidation process is not limited to O2 production, but entails chlorine and small organic molecules, such as 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, derived from the oxidation of low-cost and easily available precursors like salt water or alcohol derived biomass, respectively. Employed materials will be obtained through low energy/low temperature routes, mainly based on wet chemical procedures, such as sol-gel chemistry, mild hydrothermal processes, electrochemical processes at ambient temperature. Raw materials/precursors will not be limited by availability on a global scale, making use of organic species, silicon, earth abundant metal oxides, first row transition metals. The final target is a full photosynthetic device with 8% solar-to-syngas and 6% solar-to-DME efficiencies with three-months continuous outdoor operation. This represents a large progress with respect to the state of the art and requires an international collaboration and a multidisciplinary approach, which integrates expertise in nanomaterials preparation and characterisation by operando microscopy and spectroscopy, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, photochemistry/photoelectrochemistry, PEC engineering and assessment of the environmental and socio-economic impact of the proposed technology, including life cycle assessment.	none given	none given	none given	F
2775	737434	CONNECT	Innovative smart components, modules and appliances for a truly connected, efficient and secure smart grid.	SLOVENSKA TECHNICKA UNIVERZITA V BRATISLAVE, FRIEDRICH-ALEXANDER-UNIVERSITAET ERLANGEN-NUERNBERG, CENTRE TECNOLOGIC DE TELECOMUNICACIONS DE CATALUNYA, RHEINISCH-WESTFAELISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE AACHEN, ENEXIS NETBEHEER BV, POLITECNICO DI BARI, UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA, UNIVERSITA DI PISA, POLITECNICO DI TORINO, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM – UNIVERSITA DI BOLOGNA, CONSORZIO NAZIONALE INTERUNIVERSITARIO PER LA NANOELETTRONICA, ACONDICIONAMIENTO TARRASENSE ASSOCIACION, TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT EINDHOVEN, UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI FERRARA	ENEL SPA, ENEL X SRL			2017-04-01	2021-01-31	2017-05-15	H2020	€ 17,351,806.23	€ 5,146,307.14	[110250.0, 142734.38, 224000.0, 410171.56, 101625.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 9151.32, 0.0, 478100.0, 170625.0, 213516.19, 0.0]	[9151.32, 199598.68]	[]	[]	H2020-EU.2.1.1.	ECSEL-2016-1	CONNECT aims to provide concepts, technologies and components that support enhanced integration of renewables and storage combined with intelligent control of the power flow. The demand for primary energy and the carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced and a decentralized energy infrastructure will be facilitated by these solutions.CONNECT investigates new concepts and technologies for power conversion that will be specifically developed for bidirectional power exchange with the grid and for controllable power flow in order to support the extended integration of renewables like PV and local storage. Power quality optimization will be explored in order to avoid unnecessary energy flows in the grid. The enhanced capabilities of the power conversion fit seamlessly to the smart energy management systems researched in CONNECT applicable for single/multiple buildings and quarters. Monitoring approaches and advanced control algorithms will be developed which take into account renewable energy sources, local storage and electric vehicles for peak demand reduction and optimization of local generation, consumption and storage.In order to fully exploit the advantages of the aforementioned technologies it is necessary to enhance the data transmission capacity of the smart grid communication infrastructure. For this purpose CONNECT will develop solutions for high interoperable, high data rate local and wide area communication in the grid with enhanced security in order to protect this critical infrastructure against attacks. Particular effort is spend to minimize the power consumption of the developed solutions. Selected results of CONNECT are planned to be demonstrated not only in lab environment but also in close to real life scenarios.	none given	none given	none given	F
2817	101173007	InterSCADA	Interoperable, Scalable and seCure Ac-Dc modular Automation system	FUNDACION CIRCE CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION DE RECURSOS Y CONSUMOS ENERGETICOS, EUROPEAN DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES LABORATORIES (DERLAB) EV, NATIONAL KAOHSIUNG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, RHEINISCH-WESTFAELISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE AACHEN, FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, EPRI EUROPE DAC, UNIVERSITAET KASSEL		SINTEF ENERGI AS		2024-10-01	2027-09-30	2024-08-22	Horizon	€ 6,747,767.50	€ 5,999,844.25	[628100.0, 456950.0, 477550.0, -1.0, 544887.5, 987036.25, 499125.0, 159091.25]	[]	[628100.0]	[]	HORIZON.2.5	HORIZON-CL5-2024-D3-01-17	The ongoing transformation of the European energy sector is crucial to reduce CO2 emissions and increase security of supply and independence from energy imports. A pillar of this transformation is increased power generation from renewable resources, especially wind power and photovoltaics, but also electrification of the heating and mobility sector. These generators and consumers of electrical energy are increasingly connected to the power grid via power electronic converters. Furthermore, DC lines and subnetworks are built to reduce power conversion losses and achieve cost-efficient network strengthening. Due to these trends, power systems are increasingly hybrid AC/DC systems, and their dynamic is highly influenced by power electronic devices. Maintaining system stability and situation awareness in such hybrid systems is a challenge for system operators on distribution and transmission level and creates a need for SCADA systems that are adaptable and help operators to tackle the challenges posed by the rapid transformation of the grids. InterSCADA is committed to developing and providing an open-source, vendor-independent SCADA system for operators. This will enable them to quickly adapt to sudden system perturbations, implement new monitoring and control functions, and maintain situational awareness. The InterSCADA platform will implement a set of relevant functions as microservices, creating a modular SCADA system for system operators. The InterSCADA solutions will be deployed and tested in demonstration sites in four different countries, involving both distribution and transmission system operators. Furthermore, InterSCADA will provide recommendations to grid codes and standards for hybrid AC/DC systems, aiming to facilitate the transformation of the power grid while ensuring the maintenance of stability and reliability.	none given	none given	none given	1
2818	101136142	BAMBOO	Build scAled Modular Bamboo-inspired Offshore sOlar systems (BAMBOO)	SIRRIS HET COLLECTIEF CENTRUM VAN DE TECHNOLOGISCHE INDUSTRIE, FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, WAVEC/OFFSHORE RENEWABLES – CENTRO DE ENERGIA OFFSHORE ASSOCIACAO, STICHTING MARITIEM RESEARCH INSTITUUT NEDERLAND	VATTENFALL VINDKRAFT A/S			2024-01-01	2026-12-31	2023-12-07	Horizon	€ 9,242,833.71	€ 6,917,726.25	[355297.5, 505000.0, 249875.0, 294378.0]	[250687.5]	[]	[]	HORIZON.2.5	HORIZON-CL5-2023-D3-01-03	BAMBOO tackles the barriers for the implementation of a sustainable, large-scale offshore Floating PhotoVoltaics (FPV) system of 1 km2/150 MW, that will act as a blueprint for rollout of offshore FPV projects in Europe, and that is to be implemented in conjunction with the offshore wind leading EU utility-partner. Offshore FPV extends PV potential at enormous scales to make Europe meet its climate targets for 2030 and 2050. It makes use of space at sea, large-scale economies of scale, complementary energy yield with wind farms, and it isa solution with potentially low impact on aquatic eco-systems. However, developing offshore FPV systems is technically challenging due to the harsh conditions of waves &corrosive environments, and economically not feasible yet.Project BAMBOO addresses these challenges through four breakthrough innovations, including:1.Large floating surface understanding through world’s first basin scale tests and hydrodynamic modelling of 1 km2 blanket-type arrays,2.A 5 MW demonstrator in the North Sea with hybrid design encompassing the benefits of larger array protection in floaters,3.The offshore world’s first dynamic floating substation for offshore FPV, and4.The development of 6 world’s first standard offshore testing methodologies for key FPV-componentsThrough assessments of energy yield, circularity of materials, environmental impact, LCA and end-of-life strategies, BAMBOO paves the way to scale offshore FPV systems to commercial and sustainable applications, significantly reducing emissions, while having a net-positive impact on the marine ecosystem.The consortium covers what is necessary to make BAMBOO a success: companies including Oceans of Energy will provide the technologies, RTOs including MARIN and Fraunhofer the assessment of the system and its environmental impact, ABS expertise on certifications and the industry-leading utility the capacity to implement the large-scale integration of offshore wind with FPV farms.	none given	none given	none given	F
2819	101136140	INDHEAP	Optimal Solar Systems for Industrial Heat and Power	COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, AEE – INSTITUT FUR NACHHALTIGE TECHNOLOGIEN, THE CYPRUS INSTITUTE	TOTALENERGIES ONETECH	SINTEF ENERGI AS		2024-01-01	2027-12-31	2023-11-27	Horizon	€ 8,528,816.25	€ 6,998,983.13	[600056.25, 1537753.75, 626062.5, 400000.0]	[390075.0]	[600056.25]	[]	HORIZON.2.5	HORIZON-CL5-2023-D3-01-04	INDHEAP project will demonstrate at TRL7 that it is worth considering solar thermal (ST) and photovoltaic (PV) energies in combination to address the heat and power needs of mid temperature industrial processes, up to 250°C. As for it, INDHEAP will highlight the synergy between the different technologies with the development and integration of a core flexible Thermal Energy Storage, boosted by electric heaters (named e-TES) that is the key for a rational use of thermal and electrical solar renewable energy. The project will rely on the development of specific methodology and tools, tested on different case studies from industrial project’s partners, as to : 1) reduce heat and power peak demands with an optimization of the current energy efficiency for the industrial process, (best use of waste heat and analyse of demand’s elasticity)2) define the best share between ST and PV based on technical-eco-environmental criteria3) define the ST-PV hybrid system’s architecture, the presizing of components, and the global control maximizing the use of solar heat and power. 4) develop the specific components for the best integration and use of ST and PV plants in synergy, e.g. the flexible e-TES, but also PV panels integration enablers, low cost / mid temperature solar collectors and a smart hybrid controller for heat and power joined management.A prototype (ST up to 300 kWth, PV up to 20 kWp, e-TES up to 1 MWh) will be installed on an industrial process of lubricants blending, owned by Total Energies in Spain, to validate the concept at TRL7 with a one year test campaign. The replicability of the demo is hundreds of equivalent sites. Finally, from results gained, a global upscaling and replication potential across the South Europe and MENA areas will be achieved to assess the societal and economic benefits of the concept to meet the Net Zero by 2050 ambitions. INDHEAP will support the EU in reducing dependency to natural gas, while reaching climate targets	none given	none given	none given	F1
2821	101172928	GeoS-TECHIS	Geothermal Source Thermal Energy for Cooling and Heating in Industries with Steam	FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, FUNDACION INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO DE GALICIA, UNIVERSITY OF STUTTGART, ACONDICIONAMIENTO TARRASENSE ASSOCIACION, UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI		SINTEF ENERGI AS		2024-10-01	2027-09-30	2024-08-08	Horizon	€ 3,020,432.50	€ 3,020,432.50	[572417.5, 343717.5, 432500.0, 0.0, 351062.5, 203250.0]	[]	[572417.5]	[]	HORIZON.2.5	HORIZON-CL5-2024-D3-01-06	The GeoS-TECHIS project targets the decarbonization of industrial thermal processes, which currently account for approximately 20% of global energy consumption and predominantly depend on fossil fuels. The project introduces an innovative thermal system, combining a high temperature heat pump and a heat-driven cooling unit, which leverages geothermal resources as heat source, sink and storage. GeoS-TECHIS focuses on industries with sub-200 °C process heating needs and modest cooling requirements above 0 °C, aiming to reduce their carbon footprint by 60 – 75% compared to current fossil fuel-dependent solutions.The project will achieve these goals through several key initiatives:•Developing and field-testing an advanced thermal system using water (R718) as the working medium, designed for versatility across industrial applications and efficiently utilizing geothermal sources, industrial excess heat, and renewables like solar thermal.•Exploring cutting-edge concepts for high-temperature thermal energy storage (TES), focusing on operational flexibility in industrial contexts with sustainable thermal fluids.•Devising hybrid digital modelling tools to optimize industrial thermal processes and guide industries in decarbonization through tailored roadmaps.•Promoting societal and environmental acceptance through safe operational practices, comprehensive impact assessments, and advanced methodologies for geothermal energy potential mapping. GeoS TECHIS involves 10 partners and 1 affiliated: four private industry and technology providers, two universities, four research organizations and a specialised Communication and exploitation SME all committed and experienced within thermal research, innovation, manufacturing, testing and dissemination, thus a full complementary partnership for promoting the binomial geothermal energy & industry as a key pillar.	none given	none given	none given	1
2822	101122323	REFINE	From solar energy to fuel: A holistic artificial photosynthesis platform for the production of viable solar fuels	RHEINISCH-WESTFAELISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE AACHEN, ARISTOTELIO PANEPISTIMIO THESSALONIKIS, OSLO UNIVERSITETSSYKEHUS HF, CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES ENERGETICAS MEDIOAMBIENTALES Y TECNOLOGICAS, UNIVERSITETET I OSLO, LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY, UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE		INSTITUTT FOR ENERGITEKNIKK		2023-11-01	2027-10-31	2023-08-18	Horizon	€ 0.00	€ 3,925,221.48	[481875.0, 267199.95, 525200.0, 568625.0, 500007.52, 1132814.01, -1.0, -1.0]	[]	[500007.52]	[]	HORIZON.2.5	HORIZON-CL5-2022-D3-03-03	REFINE develops and demonstrates a system of artificial photosynthesis by combining both dark and light-dependent reactions for the direct production of high energy density and essential chemicals, such as alcohols. To achieve this, a direct hydrogen storage into hydrocarbons through CO2 capture and transformation in an advanced bio-refining system is proposed. In this, hydrogen produced by water photoelectrolysis is combined with captured CO2 and directly fed to biocultures that selectively produce isopropanol and butanol as high energy solar fuels, and the only energy input to drive this radical technological system is sunlight. To realise and bring to the market such a system of artificial photosynthesis it is necessary to converge the fields of materials science, biotechnology, engineering and social sciences. The project organisation is multicentred and operates at different levels; from raw materials supply considerations, societal acceptance, materials engineering and nanostructuring to device assembling and applicability. The true converging nature of REFINE provides a holistic, ground-breaking approach that addresses major challenges of our modern societies such as the extensive CO2 emissions and inability for efficient and widely accepted CO2 recycling. The vision in REFINE extends well beyond the 4-year activities proposed in this application. Still, REFINE is the seed for a multidimensional approach to critical scientific and societal challenges.	none given	none given	none given	1
2824	101075330	NEXUS	NEXt generation of sUstainable perovskite-Silicon tandem cells	FACHHOCHSCHULE NORDWESTSCHWEIZ FHNW, COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, UNIVERSITAT DE VALENCIA, ACCADEMIA EUROPEA DI BOLZANO, KARLSRUHER INSTITUT FUER TECHNOLOGIE, RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT GRONINGEN, THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, ODTU GUNES ENERJISI UYGULAMA VE ARA STIRMA MERKEZI	ENEL GREEN POWER SPA			2022-11-01	2025-10-31	2022-08-25	Horizon	€ 3,978,201.25	€ 3,978,201.25	[-1.0, 783485.0, 612500.0, 257500.0, 575278.75, 300000.0, -1.0, 349125.0]	[0.0]	[]	[]	HORIZON.2.5	HORIZON-CL5-2021-D3-02-04	NEXUS will accelerate Europe’s transition to clean energy by development of perovskite-Si tandem photovoltaics, via a new European paradigm: a global eco-design approach based on efficiency, cost, sustainability, circularity and social aspects, using abundant materials in the whole value chain. Our innovations will improve the PV Energy Yield per area, using sustainable, coherent and competitive European PV production, guaranteeing a clean energy transition and ensuring a secure and affordable EU energy supply.NEXUS will develop stable, 2-terminal perovskite-Si tandem solar cells with power conversion efficiencies >33% (modules >30%) and stabilities like state of the art single junction Silicon PV modules. We will develop these challenging targets following an innovative eco-design approach: employing solvent-free perovskite deposition, circularity, recyclability, improved simple manufacturing processes, to create a viable economic pathway for the European commercialization of this sustainable technology.Advances are based on development of high-performance, solvent-free, perovskite top absorbers, of conductive oxides based on earth abundant materials for different applications and the implementation of eco-design criteria for development of the bottom PV-Si cell, reducing its CO2 footprint. Thus we will achieve perovskite-Si cells and modules with a maximized power output of 210 kWh/m2.We will increase durability and sustainability in a novel silicon technology, while developing new approaches to deliver very high voltage perovskite solar cells with unprecedented resilience to environmental stress factors. We will demonstrate scalability and proof-of-concept equipment set for each step. NEXUS is a multi-disciplinary consortium: 12 partners from 9 European countries; 5 industrial partners (2 SMEs) & 7 Research & Technology organizations, covering the whole value chain of innovation from research centers to technology providers, end-users and market and policies.	none given	none given	none given	F
2831	101122332	RETRIEVE	Reintegration of photovoltaic panel waste back into manufacturing as high value products	VLAAMSE INSTELLING VOOR TECHNOLOGISCH ONDERZOEK N.V., FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH GMBH, BERNER FACHHOCHSCHULE, FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, AGENCIA PER A LA COMPETITIVITAT DE LA EMPRESA, INSTITUTE OF HIGHER EDUCATION KING DANYLO UNIVERSITY	TOTALENERGIES ONETECH	INSTITUTT FOR ENERGITEKNIKK		2023-10-01	2027-03-31	2023-08-21	Horizon	€ 0.00	€ 6,943,801.55	[576750.0, 349300.0, -1.0, 417625.0, 2179581.3, 193125.0, 194187.5]	[175875.0]	[2179581.3]	[]	HORIZON.2.5	HORIZON-CL5-2022-D3-03-09	In RETRIEVE we aim to combine PV upstream value chain organizations with beyond state-of-the-art recycling processes and techniques to improve circularity within the PV sector. RETRIEVE targets the upcycling of the components of the End of Life (EoL) solar panels, enhancing the material quality to meet current requirements for re-introduction into the PV value chain. RETRIEVE will increase the circularity and minimize the environmental impact of the PV industry by developing and demonstrating cost effective recycling technologies for the different components of a solar module; recycle glass to current PV specifications, purify production waste and EoL silicon to solar grade quality, recover silver and heavy metals, and polymer valorization with carbon capture. The final goal is to demonstrate a closed-loop recycling process where recycled glass as well as silicon is re-used in state-of-the-art solar module production, turning the EoL PV panels into sources of new raw materials for the PV manufacture industry. In addition, future PV waste streams for EoL and production waste will be forecasted, and the market potential will be evaluated. By lowering the financial burden of material recovery and increasing the value after recovery, RETRIEVE makes the overall module recycling process more profitable, and the project opens new paths for commercialization. Business cases and market introduction strategies will be developed for a selection of the processes and products.	none given	none given	none given	F1
2858	101147311	LAPERITIVO	Large-Area Perovskite Solar Module Manufacturing with High Efficiency, Long-Term Stability and Low Environmental Impact	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI ROMA TOR VERGATA, CSEM CENTRE SUISSE D’ELECTRONIQUE ET DE MICROTECHNIQUE SA – RECHERCHE ET DEVELOPPEMENT, FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUM, GREEN ENERGY PARK, CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE CNRS, ELLINIKO MESOGEIAKO PANEPISTIMIO, EIDGENOSSISCHE MATERIALPRUFUNGS- UND FORSCHUNGSANSTALT	TOTALENERGIES ONETECH			2024-09-01	2028-02-29	2024-07-05	Horizon	€ 7,895,865.89	€ 6,792,147.26	[876625.0, -1.0, 872953.75, 1186105.0, 0.0, 621125.0, 660000.0, -1.0]	[70000.0]	[]	[]	HORIZON.2.5	HORIZON-CL5-2023-D3-02-12	In recent years, organometal halide perovskite-based photovoltaics (PV) have attracted great interest for their high power conversion efficiency at low manufacturing cost. Presently, East Asia especially China and North America are rapidly ramping up towards mass production of perovskite PV. More efforts are urgently needed for perovskite PV upscaling in Europe. LAPERITIVO focuses on the development of large-area stable perovskite solar modules, using processes with high manufacturability. Efficiency targets are 22% and 20% for 900 cm2 opaque and semi-transparent (with >95% bifaciality) modules, respectively. Key research activities include the deposition of high-quality perovskite films as well as contacting layers over large substrate area using industrially viable techniques. Indoor and outdoor field tests, in line with International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards, will be performed to monitor module reliability. Safety, circularity, and sustainability will be assessed to demonstrate products with minimized environmental impact. The developed semi-transparent modules will be applied to perovskite/silicon four-terminal tandem modules and also to Agrivoltaics. Design of perovskite PV pilot line of 200 MW and production capacity of 5 GW in Europe will also be explored. The well-balanced consortium consists of 22 complementary partners including 8 European leading research institutes/universities (IMEC, UNITOV, EMPA, Fraunhofer ISE, IPVF, CNRS, CSEM, Hellenic Mediterranean University), 1 African research institute (Green Energy Park, Morocco), 5 small and medium-sized enterprises (Becquerel Institute, Becquerel Institute France, Becquerel Institute Spain, Dyenamo, TSE Troller, SmartGreenScans, BeDimensional), and 6 big companies (Pilkington Technology Management Limited (PTML), Singulus Technologies, Voltec Solar, Engie, TotalEnergies, EDF). In this way, the project aims to establish the pathway to open the era of manufacturing perovskite-based next-generation PV products in Europe.	none given	none given	none given	F
2891	101122277	APOLLO	A Proactive Approach to the Recovery and Recycling of Photovoltaic Modules	INSTITUTO PEDRO NUNES ASSOCIACAO PARA A INOVACAO E DESENVOLVIMENTO EM CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA, SWANSEA UNIVERSITY, FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FEDERALE DE LAUSANNE, ODTU GUNES ENERJISI UYGULAMA VE ARA STIRMA MERKEZI, UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER, NORGES TEKNISK-NATURVITENSKAPELIGE UNIVERSITET NTNU		SINTEF AS		2024-01-01	2026-12-31	2023-12-18	Horizon	€ 0.00	€ 5,325,755.76	[424225.0, -1.0, 901453.28, -1.0, 751050.0, 404660.69, -1.0, -1.0, 684811.27]	[]	[751050.0]	[]	HORIZON.2.5	HORIZON-CL5-2022-D3-03-09	Current recycling practices for Photovoltaic (PV) waste modules are unrefined and recover low volume and low value materials. To be economical and sustainable the recycling of PV waste needs to efficiently recover all of the material constituents at a quality suitable for the reuse in new PVs, with minimal impact. APOLLO will create a circular approach to link legacy recycling, future production and future recycling. A pilot line will be demonstrated and used to process an input of 40 tonnes of PV waste which will be recycled, resulting in enough reclaimed materials for 1 tonne of remanufactured silicon and 30 exemplar PV modules. Incoming modules will be streamed by glass composition, enabling batch recovery of high-quality glass, to be used for new solar-grade glass. A novel continuous ‘sonification’ technique, (ultrasonically excited etchant) will rapidly separate silicon, silver, copper and other metals in a sequence along a pipe-based process. Used liquid etchants will be recycled in a closed loop resulting in low waste, small footprint. Further, recovered silicon will be refined to a purity suitable for new PV-grade ingot growth. The objective is to deliver purified silicon with a minimum purity of 99.9999%. Multiple innovations increase the percentage weight recovery from 18% to 93%. APOLLO will prove the suitability of the recycled silicon by growing new ingots, manufacturing solar cells and then new PV modules. 20 PERC-based modules, 10 Tandem modules and 30sqm of single junction perovskite cells will be made. These modules will incorporate new designs, materials and manufacturing methods, and be designed for disassembly and recycling. Blockchain-based Digital Product Passports (DPPs) for PV will be designed and implemented as well as an online marketplace for reused, remanufactured and/or recycled PV components. DPPs provide secure and trustworthy data for the life of the product and aid recycling by supplying material, hazards and history on request.	none given	none given	none given	1
2893	101083342	SUREWAVE	STRUCTURAL RELIABLE OFFSHORE FLOATING PV SOLUTION INTEGRATING CIRCULAR CONCRETE FLOATING BREAKWATER	IFEU – INSTITUT FUR ENERGIE- UND UMWELTFORSCHUNG HEIDELBERG GGMBH, STICHTING MARITIEM RESEARCH INSTITUUT NEDERLAND, ASOCIACION CENTRO TECNOLOGICO CEIT		SINTEF AS		2022-10-01	2025-09-30	2022-09-30	Horizon	€ 3,515,097.50	€ 3,515,097.50	[892680.0, 334062.5, 384158.75, 390296.25]	[]	[892680.0]	[]	HORIZON.2.5	HORIZON-CL5-2021-D3-03-10	SUREWAVE will develop and test an innovative concept of Floating Photo-Voltaic (FPV) system consisting of an external floating breakwater structure acting as a protection against severe wave-wind-current loads on the FPV modules, allowing increased operational availability and energy output, thus unlocking the massive deployment of Offshore FPV. It will be focused on the research for securing optimal behaviour at aero & hydrodynamic and structural integrity level of the external breakwater, the internal FPV modular structure, the connections, the mooring and anchoring and the whole FPV system, complying with mechanical, electrical (maximizing energy output) and cost-efficiency requirements, ensuring high lifetime of critical components, high reliability of the system and easy, quick and cost-efficient, construction, installation and O&M of the whole system.This will require:1) the development of novel circular concrete material solutions for the breakwater, cost-effective, easy to produce and with high mechanical, physical and durability properties and low CO2 footprint.2) the development of an advanced predictive computational modelling and simulation framework: coupled aero & hydrodynamic modelling, Structural integrity modelling, material properties modelling and Structural Health Management to reduce CAPEX and OPEX;3) the design and implementation of an optimal testing and validation methodology for offshore FPV system to achieve TRL5, including lab testing, basin-model testing and marine environment testing of critical components assuring high resilience to corrosion and biofouling.Maximum advantage of existing expertise will be taken from experts in: offshore wind floating structures, material and phenomena modelling (SINTEF, MARIN, CEIT), design and installation of FPV in calm waters (SIS), floating solutions (CLEMENT), circular structural and non-structural materials (ACC) and in social, environmental and economic assessment (IFEU).	none given	none given	none given	1
2928	101118239	Circular Fuels	Production of sustainable aviation fuels from waste biomass by coupling of fast pyrolysis with solar energy	TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET WIEN, LUNDS UNIVERSITET, TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OY, AALTO KORKEAKOULUSAATIO SR, CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE CNRS	ORLEN SPOLKA AKCYJNA			2023-07-01	2027-06-30	2023-06-21	Horizon	€ 4,997,353.50	€ 4,997,353.50	[389322.5, 920000.0, 1056314.75, 754857.5, 491463.75]	[353716.25]	[]	[]	HORIZON.2.5	HORIZON-CL5-2022-D3-02-04	The Circular Fuels project integrates concentrated solar heat, solar electrical energy, and thermochemical conversion of bio-based waste materials to produce sustainable aviation fuels. Coupling concentrated solar heat with fast pyrolysis to produce sustainable aviation fuels has not yet been achieved and requires technological innovation. Waste wood (A+B) and agricultural residues (straw), listed in the Renewable Energy Directive (REDII Annex IX), will be used as cheap and abundant bio-based waste material feedstocks. The feedstock will be first converted into renewable bio-oil in the new solar assisted fast pyrolysis. The use of solar energy removes the need to burn any fraction of the pyrolysis products to heat the pyrolysis process. The solar pyrolysis will produce valuable by-products, such as biochar, that can improve the economics of the process. The pyrolysis oil will be stabilized and upgraded to reduce the oxygen content to close to zero by slurry hydrotreatment and hydrodeoxygenation. These processes will employ green hydrogen, produced using optimized solar photovoltaic-assisted water proton exchange membrane electrolysis. Finally, the oil will be fractionated into sustainable transportation fuels by distillation. Our main objective is to maximize the fraction of jet fuel. In addition, we will analyze all component fractions suitable as transportation bio-fuel products, such as gasoline and diesel, to maximize the profitability of the concept. The proposed new thermal pyrolysis process pathway is not yet standardized for ASTM D7566 (Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons). Therefore, we will perform compatibility and turbine combustion tests for the required standardization and inclusion into ASTM D7566. We aim for a sustainable aviation fuel production price of 1.5 €/kg. We will analyze the sustainability aspects of the technology and give policy recommendations for successful commercialization.	none given	none given	none given	F
2940	101158432	ORION	NOVEL DIGITAL COMPONENTS FOR INTERNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY VALUE CHAINS	UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO, RHEINISCH-WESTFAELISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE AACHEN, INESC TEC – INSTITUTO DE ENGENHARIADE SISTEMAS E COMPUTADORES, TECNOLOGIA E CIENCIA, THE GOVERNORS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA, INSTITUT MINES-TELECOM, UNIVERSIDADE TECNICA DO ATLANTICO		SINTEF AS		2024-09-01	2027-08-31	2024-05-27	Horizon	€ 3,000,000.00	€ 3,000,000.00	[-1.0, 357500.0, 287500.0, 612375.0, -1.0, 366250.0, 59375.0]	[]	[612375.0]	[]	HORIZON.2.5	HORIZON-CL5-2023-D3-03-07	The ORION vision is to strengthen the European leadership in science and technology and accelerate the twin energy transition of theenergy value chain stakeholders with a quintuple-helix model by delivering a modular toolbox of digital breakthrough components,by validating these components in the unique use cases of hydro, solar, and wave energy operations across four continents, and byintegrating and presenting these novelties in a human-centric Digital Twin applications to enable a higher-degree of digitalisation ofrelevant operational and business processes, increase the renewables share in the electricity grid globally, and reduce fossil fuelsconsumption in the context of an increased demand for energy resources and uncertain geopolitical and climate conditions in thelong term.The developed digital components will help the stakeholders to tackle different limitations of the energy value chain with the goal tomake energy more sustainable, affordable, and safer and, thus, solve pressing prioritised political, business, and societal problems.The human-centric Digital Twin will empower better informed decision-making of the stakeholders including policy makers allowingthem to share insights in a collaborative and virtual environment. The Digital Twin will help to address the energy stakeholders needsin a comprehensive manner and will include the latest knowledge and best practices from the existing EU platforms, e.g., ENERSHARE,GAIA-X, and FIWARE.Top-level research and innovation entities from 8 countries (France, Germany, Norway, Portugal, Slovenia, Brazil, Canada, and CapeVerde) spanned across 4 continents will jointly contribute to high impact R&I, implement testing and validation activities in fiveunique use cases, contribute to a better education output, and develop new multidisciplinary knowledge to be translated intosolutions, services, and products to be applied across the energy value-chains globally.	none given	none given	none given	1
2971	101135639	Nautical SUNRISE	Survivability assessment, cost redUction pathways and eNvironmental evaluation of offshoRe Installed floating Solar energy farms	UNIVERSITEIT HASSELT, INESC TEC – INSTITUTO DE ENGENHARIADE SISTEMAS E COMPUTADORES, TECNOLOGIA E CIENCIA, FUNDACIO INSTITUT DE RECERCA DE L’ENERGIA DE CATALUNYA, WAVEC/OFFSHORE RENEWABLES – CENTRO DE ENERGIA OFFSHORE ASSOCIACAO, STICHTING DELTARES, KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT LEUVEN	RWE OFFSHORE WIND GMBH	SINTEF OCEAN AS, SINTEF AS		2023-12-01	2027-11-30	2023-11-21	Horizon	€ 8,084,918.05	€ 6,803,003.95	[150093.75, 467281.25, 118781.25, 271781.25, 411772.5, 928750.0, 533000.0, 278468.75]	[404669.13]	[467281.25, 411772.5]	[]	HORIZON.2.5	HORIZON-CL5-2023-D3-01-03	Europe is currently in a transition away from its dependency on Russian gas towards a fully renewable, reliable, and low-cost energy system by 2050. To achieve this target, large-scale renewable energy projects are essential. However, the transition is limited by several factors such as onshore space availability to deploy GW-scale projects, supply chain disruptions, and concerns from various stakeholders around visual pollution and space use. Offshore floating PV (OFPV) can deliver hundreds of GWs in Europe by 2050 while resolving above challenges. In areas with a fast-expanding offshore wind sector (e.g. North Sea), OFPV can be combined with wind inside multi-source farms. This enables the extraction of up to 9x more energy per km2 and better utilization of the infrastructure due to 10-20% more full-load hours, while leaving space for other stakeholders as fewer wind parks and electrical infrastructure are needed for the same amount of electricity production. In parts of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea with low wind resources, also stand-alone OFPV can help to achieve high penetration of renewable energy.Nautical SUNRISE will remove the last barriers of OFPV to deliver these benefits. A 5 MW grid-connected, multi-year offshore demonstration of a highly competitive OFPV system and its components inside a commercial wind farm will provide the trust needed for the upscaling of the technology. Prior to the demonstration, its technical reliability will be validated in the most extreme conditions through laboratory measurements, wave-wind tank tests, and modelling studies. The cost reduction achieved through design improvements will be quantified in concrete business cases and should enable an LCOE of <148 €/MWh, making OFPV financially viable. Additionally, the measurement campaign at the OFPV demonstration, large-scale environmental modelling, and life-cycle assessment including circularity will help to understand the overall effect on the environment.	none given	none given	none given	F1
2974	101122224	ALFAFUELS	SUSTAINABLE JET FUELS FROM CO2 BY MICRO-ALGAL CELL FACTORIES IN A ZERO WASTE APPROACH	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI FIRENZE, KOBENHAVNS UNIVERSITET, UPPSALA UNIVERSITET, IDENER RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT AGRUPACION DE INTERES ECONOMICO, UNIVERSITAET POTSDAM, DANMARKS TEKNISKE UNIVERSITET, KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT LEUVEN, RISE PROCESSUM AB	ENI SPA			2024-01-01	2027-12-31	2023-12-15	Horizon	€ 0.00	€ 4,757,391.33	[160214.38, 254738.9, 1093539.13, 340893.75, 344375.0, 230272.19, 450125.0, 972978.75]	[90000.0]	[]	[]	HORIZON.2.5	HORIZON-CL5-2022-D3-03-07	ALFAFUELS proposes a novel Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) production technology that can play a major role in the decarbonisation of the aviation sector by replacing conventional fossil fuels in mid and long-term. ALFAFUELS contributes to climate change mitigation, energy transition, and on the establishment of a circular bio-based economy by providing a direct capture and utilisation of CO2, by developing cost-effective and sustainable technological solutions in all process steps, and by providing integration possibilities with other sectors. The project’s aim is to tackle the key challenges preventing SAF technologies to reach technological maturity and commercialisation such as the high current production cost, sustainability issues associated with their production, technological constraints (yields and efficiencies). To that end, ALFAFUELS includes targeted technological breakthroughs, such as the microbial production of a volatile fuel precursor from CO2, the upgrade to kerosene-type jet fuel molecules in ambient conditions using solar light-driven photochemistry, and the valorisation of all cell components in a biorefinery approach to co-produce starch and H2 (indirectly from CO2) as an important intermediate. The proposed technological novelties are combined with modelling approaches to maximize efficiencies, to optimize the overall process regarding cost and energy consumption and to evaluate the process with combined techno-economic and life cycle assessments. The project lifts the production technologies at TRL5, by including the design of novel cost-efficient bioreactors, pilot scale trials on real, industrially relevant CO2 streams and evaluation of the produced molecules against ASTM standards. To further accelerate the upscaling of ALFAFUELS, we analyse the systemic barriers and opportunities for the implementation of SAF technologies in Europe, using modelling tools and capitalizing from the participation of industrial end-users in the consortium.	none given	none given	none given	F
3008	101082176	VALHALLA	Perovskite solar cells with enhanced stability and applicability	UNIVERSITE DE LIEGE, CSEM CENTRE SUISSE D’ELECTRONIQUE ET DE MICROTECHNIQUE SA – RECHERCHE ET DEVELOPPEMENT, TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OY, UNIVERSITAT DE VALENCIA, FONDAZIONE ISTITUTO ITALIANO DI TECNOLOGIA, CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE, KAUNO TECHNOLOGIJOS UNIVERSITETAS, RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT GRONINGEN, THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD	ENEL GREEN POWER SPA			2023-01-01	2025-12-31	2022-09-20	Horizon	€ 3,877,396.50	€ 3,877,396.50	[463600.0, -1.0, 400796.5, 766250.0, 550000.0, 395000.0, 256250.0, 454375.0, -1.0]	[0.0]	[]	[]	HORIZON.2.5	HORIZON-CL5-2021-D3-03-07	VALHALLA will develop perovskite solar cells and modules with power conversion efficiencies above 26% (23% for modules) and an extrapolated lifetime > 25 years, guided by eco-design principles that decrease the environmental impact of perovskite photovoltaics: scalable production processes, no harmful solvents, optimised use of materials, circularity and recyclability. Only lead-based perovskites have demonstrated efficiencies and stabilities that enable to reach the targeted performance levels. Therefore, in VALHALLA we focus primarily on lead based perovskites. We will develop innovative encapsulation methods containing lead-chelating materials that detain all lead even in broken modules. Circularity will be demonstrated, including a full end-of-life recovery of lead. We will focus on vacuum and hybrid processing that eliminates the use of toxic and harmful solvents during production. To increase the range of application of this sustainable technology, VALHALLA will develop rigid, flexible and semi-transparent perovskites with three bandgap ranges together with their optimized charge transport materials. Understanding the degradation mechanisms of both cells and modules in outdoor operating conditions and developing meaningful accelerated indoor stability tests for perovskite will be a key target of VALHALLA. The approach to stability will be from a global angle, from the theoretical understanding of the role of perovskite defects, composition, and architecture on the intrinsic stability to the development of module encapsulation and interconnection design that will enable long operational lifetime. An energy yield assessment will be performed based on outdoor stressed modules in three different European locations.	none given	none given	none given	F
3013	101135567	SuRE	Sustainable, Reliable, and Efficient Floating PV Power Plants	NEDERLANDSE ORGANISATIE VOOR TOEGEPAST NATUURWETENSCHAPPELIJK ONDERZOEK TNO, FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, STICHTING DELTARES		INSTITUTT FOR ENERGITEKNIKK		2024-09-01	2027-08-31	2024-07-02	Horizon	€ 8,508,578.75	€ 7,082,804.76	[1026125.0, 717926.25, 1458608.75, 553338.75]	[]	[1458608.75]	[]	HORIZON.2.5	HORIZON-CL5-2023-D3-01-03	Floating PV, if it is to aid the transition to a climate-neutral and resilient society and contribute towards the EU policy goals, must overcome 3 challenges that are also high-lighted in the Work Programme. FPV must prove its sustainability, by demonstrating low impact on biodiversity and satisfy end-of-life requirements, its longevity and reliability by demonstrating system components that satisfy structural and functional requirements for the entire lifecycle, and its affordability, by reducing the LCOE from FPV power plants. These are the challenges that the objectives of SuRE seek to overcome. Activities are structured into 3 generalizable topics, SUstainability, Reliability, and Efficiency, which gives SuRE FPV its name, and are designed to advance the entire FPV industry. We will further work with concrete technology developments for 3 leading European FPV technologies to improve their design, sustainability, cost-competitiveness and application range. The three FPV technology providers are Ciel et Terre (CTI), who have installed 650 MW globally, Zimmermann PV-Steel Group (ZIM), who is dominating the European FPV market, and Sunlit Sea (Sunlit) who is providing a innovative FPV solution for off-shore deployment. CTI has recently prototyped a new floater design, which will be developed and tested in SuRE, first 50 kW, then on 5 MW scale. ZIM aims to expand their technology to higher sea states, and will build a 5 MW based on the developments in floater-, connection- and anchoring- technology in SuRE. Sunlit are about to scale up their FPV technology and see potential for large reductions in cost and CO2 footprint through the activities planned in SuRE. They will build a smaller, but still commercially relevant, pilot of 100 on the Norwegian cost. Ultimately, SuRE will provide both cost-efficient and sustainable new FPV technologies and generalizable knowledge, thereby expanding the potential application areas without environmental sacrifices.	none given	none given	none given	1
3026	101122283	PEARL	FLEXIBLE PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS WITH CARBON ELECTRODES	UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI ROMA TOR VERGATA, FUNDACIO PRIVADA INSTITUT CATALA D’INVESTIGACIO QUIMICA, NEDERLANDSE ORGANISATIE VOOR TOEGEPAST NATUURWETENSCHAPPELIJK ONDERZOEK TNO, FACHHOCHSCHULE NORDWESTSCHWEIZ FHNW, TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OY, FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, HELMHOLTZ-ZENTRUM BERLIN FUR MATERIALIEN UND ENERGIE GMBH	ENI SPA			2023-10-01	2026-09-30	2023-08-21	Horizon	€ 4,498,458.00	€ 4,498,458.00	[607500.0, 420312.5, 736690.0, -1.0, 920403.0, 584802.5, 478500.0]	[350000.0]	[]	[]	HORIZON.2.5	HORIZON-CL5-2022-D3-03-05	Several advantages arise from the incorporation of carbon electrode in the perovskite solar cell (PSC) architecture such as reduced material cost, improved device stability and simplified device fabrication process as well as lower emissions. Thus, the primary objective of PEARL is to realize flexible perovskite solar cells processed with industrially viable, scalable and environmentally sound methods, showing long term operational stability surpassing the IEC standards, efficiency of > 25%, lowered production costs below 0.3 EUR/Wp and minimal emissions < 0.01 kg CO2eq/kWh. To reach these objectives, PEARL is focusing on the development of planar, conventional n-i-p, and further n-i-c, device architectures utilizing low-temperature carbon pastes as the top electrodes aiming to the emerging markets of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), vehicle integrated photovoltaics (VIPV) and internet of things (IoT).	none given	none given	none given	F
3065	101178331	CIRCMAN5.0	Circular Manufacturing 5.0: Human-Centred AI-aided Digital Framework for Closed-loop Photovoltaic (PV) products Value Chains	ASOCIACION DE EMPRESAS TECNOLOGICAS INNOVALIA, ETHNIKO KENTRO EREVNAS KAI TECHNOLOGIKIS ANAPTYXIS, CENTRO DI RICERCHE EUROPEO DI TECNOLOGIE DESIGN E MATERIALI, UNIVERSITETET I OSLO, POLITECNICO DI MILANO, SCUOLA UNIVERSITARIA PROFESSIONALE DELLA SVIZZERA ITALIANA, EREVNITIKO PANEPISTIMIAKO INSTITOUTO SYSTIMATON EPIKOINONION KAI YPOLOGISTON		INSTITUTT FOR ENERGITEKNIKK		2024-09-01	2027-08-31	2024-08-21	Horizon	€ 5,997,000.00	€ 5,997,000.00	[314375.0, 923750.0, 320000.0, 312750.0, 325000.0, 201250.0, -1.0, 506250.0]	[]	[312750.0]	[]	HORIZON.2.4	HORIZON-CL4-2024-TWIN-TRANSITION-01-05	The EU guidelines for circular production and supply chains require a strategic approach at every stage of the product lifecycle. The shift towards circularity starts with circular design principles, where the linear “take-make-dispose” model is superseded by the one that prioritizes reusability, reparability, and recyclability. CIRCMAN5.0 combines advanced industry 4.0 technologies with human-centric design principles to assess and demonstrate how waste reduction and optimization of raw material can be feasible and profitable while significantly reducing the environmental impact of manufacturing processes. CIRCMAN5.0 delivers a Human-Centred AI-aided Framework for the Photovoltaic (PV) manufacturing industry, entailing: (I) AI-driven modelling and circular-by-design simulation techniques for product design; (II) ML algorithms for dynamic production process reconfiguration; (III) A Cognitive Digital Twin environment supported by AAS models for testing and verification of manufacturing processes for efficient resource utilisation, waste management etc; (III) A Circularity and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Framework to help with comprehensive evaluation of the sustainability aspects of products and processes using data/feedback from AI-based process optimisation, forecasting models, energy and emissions metrics etc.; (IV) The Human-in-the-Loop (HitL) Recommendation Engine to provide actionable and explainable recovery strategies for EoL products; (V) The Digital Product/Material Passport (DPP) enabled by Distributed Ledger Technology enabling secure and trustworthy information sharing. The learning resources developed in the project will equip the EU industrial workforce with digital, circular and transversal skills. CIRCMAN5.0 will be tested in four (4) PV manufacturing industries providing different type of products (e.g., perovskites PV, BIPV, BAPV, OPV).	none given	none given	none given	1
3086	101058481	SUNER-C	SUNER-C: SUNERGY Community and eco-system for accelerating the development of solar fuels and chemicals.	FUNDACIO PRIVADA INSTITUT CATALA D’INVESTIGACIO QUIMICA, DECHEMA GESELLSCHAFT FUR CHEMISCHETECHNIK UND BIOTECHNOLOGIE, UNIWERSYTET WARSZAWSKI, UNIVERSITEIT LEIDEN, UNIVERSITATEA DIN BUCURESTI, UNIVERSITEIT GENT, FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV, COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUM, UPPSALA UNIVERSITET, FUNDACION IMDEA ENERGIA, EUROPEAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF CATALYSIS A.I.S.B.L., UNIVERSITEIT UTRECHT, TURUN YLIOPISTO	TOTALENERGIES ONETECH BELGIUM, ENGIE, ARCELORMITTAL BELGIUM NV			2022-06-01	2025-05-31	2022-05-23	Horizon	€ 4,026,403.75	€ 3,997,646.00	[245075.0, 65050.0, 125998.0, 205000.0, 70562.0, 170125.0, 125468.0, 365066.0, 75011.0, 145038.0, 70300.0, 195193.0, 545418.0, 119903.0]	[-1.0, 0.0, 69992.0]	[]	[]	HORIZON.2.4	HORIZON-CL4-2021-RESILIENCE-01-16	SUNER-C CSA overarching objective is to aggregate fragmented knowledge and develop the framework conditions to overcome scientific, technological, organizational and socioeconomic challenges to accelerate innovation and enable the transition of technologies for solar fuels and chemicals from laboratory and demonstrator level to large-scale industrial and broad societal application. Through a holistic approach, SUNER-C will contribute to circular economy by replacing fossil-derived fuels and chemicals by renewables and carbon recycling as key element towards the EU net-zero emissions target by 2050. SUNER-C will build upon the work of SUNERGY, a pan-European initiative on fossil-free fuels and chemicals from renewable power and solar energy, with to date over 300 supporting organisations across and beyond Europe. SUNER-C specific outcomes during the CSA will be to: develop an inclusive pan-European innovation community and eco-system on solar fuels and chemicals with global outreach, linked to political and societal needs, gathering stakeholders from different fields, sectors and disciplines around a shared vision, and coordinating with existing initiatives to ensure complementarity; develop a roadmap and a blueprint to implement it, as main drivers to identify and tackle long-term research and innovation challenges to de-fossilize society with solar fuels and chemicals; prepare the foundations for a large-scale research and innovation initiative (LSRI), ready to be launched at the end of the CSA, through an instrument to be agreed upon with the European Commission and the Member States. The LSRI will continue developing the eco-system and supporting the implementation of the roadmap, speeding up industrial and societal uptake of technologies for solar fuels and chemicals in the EU and contributing to wider, longer-term impacts, including those on “Increased autonomy in key strategic value chains for resilient industry” outlined in the Horizon Europe Work Programme.	none given	none given	none given	F
3114	101119913	StoreAGE	Surface and Interface phenomena in sustainable energy storage systems	UNIVERSITEIT HASSELT, TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET WIEN, FRIEDRICH-ALEXANDER-UNIVERSITAET ERLANGEN-NUERNBERG, UNIVERSITAT WIEN, CEST KOMPETENZZENTRUM FUR ELEKTROCHEMISCHE OBERFLACHENTECHNOLOGIE GMBH, HELMHOLTZ-ZENTRUM BERLIN FUR MATERIALIEN UND ENERGIE GMBH, POLITECNICO DI MILANO, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON	ENI SPA			2023-10-01	2027-09-30	2023-07-11	Horizon	€ 0.00	€ 2,888,085.60	[525240.0, 180220.8, 521078.4, 270331.2, 540662.4, -1.0, 518875.2, -1.0]	[-1.0]	[]	[]	HORIZON.1.2	HORIZON-MSCA-2022-DN-01-01	Energy storage systems are a crucial part to enable the transformation of our current economic system into a more sustainable one, to balance the fluctuating nature of renewable electricity production from wind and photovoltaics. There are many potential means of energy storage, that differ in their storage capacity and duration, such as batteries or redox-flow batteries.A common factor in all these systems is the importance of processes on surfaces and interfaces that control the involved chemical reactions and physical processes. To improve the current and develop novel energy storage systems, detailed understanding and insight about these surface and interface processes is required. The proposed Doctoral Network will gain insight into these highly relevant surface and interface phenomena. Advanced analytical techniques will be utilized to directly probe chemical and physical processes, relevant for the respective energy storage systems. Modelling and synthetic approaches will complement the understanding of these processes and allow the development of advanced materials and components for energy storage systems.The gained knowledge will be directly applied on real world energy storage systems, provided by the involved industrial partners.As these approaches are highly interdisciplinary, the new generation of researchers has to be trained to excel in such complex research and industrial environments. The proposed Doctoral Network will enable the PhD candidates to combine the most advanced scientific techniques (regarding analysis, modelling and synthesis) with the requirements of modern industry, in the dynamic field of energy storage systems. They will develop a deep scientific understanding of surface and interface processes and also the systemic knowledge to apply their skills in a broad range of industrial environments.	none given	none given	none given	F
3178	101137953	H2SHIFT	SERVICES FOR HYDROGEN INNOVATION FACILITATION AND TESTING	UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH WALES PRIFYSGOLDE CYMRU, FUNDACIO INSTITUT DE RECERCA DE L’ENERGIA DE CATALUNYA, DEUTSCHES ZENTRUM FUR LUFT – UND RAUMFAHRT EV, POLITECNICO DI TORINO, POLITECNICO DI MILANO	SNAM S.P.A.			2024-03-01	2028-02-29	2023-12-15	Horizon	€ 9,056,517.00	€ 7,211,180.45	[-1.0, 793571.25, 604682.0, 884642.5, 622500.0]	[1995069.13]	[]	[]	HORIZON.2.5	HORIZON-CL5-2023-D2-01-06	H2SHIFT – Services for Hydrogen Innovation Facilitation and Testing aims to create the first Open Innovation Test Bed for innovative hydrogen production technologies open to startups and SMEs from Europe and globally. H2SHIFT will be a Single Entry Point offering open access to unrivalled resources, innovative infrastructures, unique expertise and capabilities, arranged in a challenging Acceleration Programme. The proposed innovation model combines: •Hydrogen production testing services, including 7 test lines grouped in 4 clusters (Advanced water electrolysis, Bio-hydrogen, Direct-solar Hydrogen production, Hydrogen production in offshore environment);•Technology upscaling services, such as Prototyping for industrial scalability, and Computational modelling;•Non-technical services, among Techno-economic and environmental assessment, Legal and regulation compliance, and Business development.The initiative boosts the Clean H2 JU SRIA on the path towards the upscaling of unmatched and competitive hydrogen production technologies distinctively trailblazing innovation in high-temperature and AEM electrolysis, bio-hydrogen, direct-solar and offshore H2 production, to build a complete portfolio with existing OITB projects dedicated to AEL and PEM technologies.H2SHIFT kickstarts a collaborative ecosystem throughout Europe that links research, academia, and industry, along with final investors, working closely with startups and SMEs to advance groundbreaking solutions that will be demonstrated in industrial environment to advance their technology readiness and market uptake. Remarkably, H2SHIIFT scales up an open pay-per-use hub intended to circumvent expensive costs for early-stage innovators, lowering investment risks for potential investors and contributing to attract private capital for innovation. It contributes to make hydrogen a key part of a cleaner and more secure energy future, and a catalyst for EU leadership in innovative hydrogen technologies.	none given	none given	none given	F
3179	101091887	MEASURED	MEMBRANE SCALE UP FOR CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES	NEDERLANDSE ORGANISATIE VOOR TOEGEPAST NATUURWETENSCHAPPELIJK ONDERZOEK TNO, FUNDACION TECNALIA RESEARCH & INNOVATION, KEMIJSKI INSTITUT, CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE, UNIVERSITE D’AIX MARSEILLE, FUNDACIO EURECAT, TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT EINDHOVEN, UNIVERSITA DELLA CALABRIA	ENGIE			2023-01-01	2026-12-31	2022-11-18	Horizon	€ 9,515,182.89	€ 7,971,409.00	[834017.5, 541250.0, 298143.75, 582243.75, 550612.5, 300750.0, 866502.39, 395750.0]	[794244.5]	[]	[]	HORIZON.2.4	HORIZON-CL4-2022-RESILIENCE-01-14	The project MEASURED aims at developing and demonstrating at TRL7 advanced membrane materials for Pervaporation (PV), Membrane Distillation (MD) and Gas Separation (GS) technologies applied to acrylic ester production, membrane manufacturing and gas separation from a carbon capture & utilization (CCU) stream. PV targets 1 m2 of membrane processing H2O flux > 1.0 kg/m2·hr using a 55-channel tube in the industrial setting of ARKEMA, a stability > 90% over 3 months of testing, resulting in a CAPEX 30% lower compared to current cost – from 2100 €/m2 to 1500 €/m2. MD aims at treating the daily amount of generated wastewater (70 L/h) from the manufacturing facility of PVDF membranes at GVS Spa with energy supply via about 100 Solar/Photovoltaic collectors, showing higher chemical resistance (> 10%), >25% reduction of water footprint, permeability of reused MD for Microfiltration > 500 L/m2·hr·bar. GS prototype will be scaled-up to a membrane area of 1.2 m2/module using a 61-channel tube installed downstream the GAYA methanation unit of Engie, reducing the membrane cost (produced at large scale) from 1944 €/m2 to 795 €/m2 (almost 60%). At the end of the project, the integrated MEASURED technologies will reach a TRL7 demonstration over 20,000 hours operation under (industrial) operational conditions. MEASURED includes a thorough multiscale modelling and simulation techniques including a full Life Cycle Assessment and addresses the societal implications to increase the acceptance and further market readiness. The interdisciplinary consortium – overall 17 participants: 2 SMEs, 7 industries and 8 Universities/research centers – will comprehensively study the development of advanced materials, reactor design and process configuration to identify the most sustainable options from a demonstration, techno-economic and environmental point of view.	none given	none given	none given	F
3190	101122101	COCPIT	sCalable solutions Optimisation and decision tool Creation for low impact SAF Production chain from a lIpid-rich microalgae sTrain	UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI, DEUTSCHES ZENTRUM FUR LUFT – UND RAUMFAHRT EV, INSTITUT MINES-TELECOM, NANTES UNIVERSITE, GEOPONIKO PANEPISTIMION ATHINON, ACONDICIONAMIENTO TARRASENSE ASSOCIACION, AALBORG UNIVERSITET	ELLINIKA PETRELAIA MONOPROSOPIANONYMI ETAIREIA DIYLISISEFODIASMOU KAI POLISEONPETRELAIOEIDON KAI PETROCHIMIKON			2023-10-01	2027-09-30	2023-08-18	Horizon	€ 0.00	€ 4,999,497.23	[495173.75, 215700.01, 999375.0, 630707.42, 503887.5, 338425.0, 723981.02]	[120625.0]	[]	[]	HORIZON.2.5	HORIZON-CL5-2022-D3-03-07	“COCPIT´s ambition is to enhance the SAF production chain by bringing ground-breaking innovations at each thread of it. It aims also to provide investors with a human centred decision tool in a “”test before invest”” spirit with a high confidence level to de-risk investments.A lipid rich microalgae strain is cultivated in an intensified reactor coupled to semi-transparent photovoltaic panels transforming harmful light spectrum into electrical power. The transformation of algal biomass into SAF is studied using two alternative pathways: The most mature one, HEFA, and a very promising one HTL. The project focuses on the circularity, productivity, sustainability and economic viability of the chain. For HEFA pathway, efficient, low impact and regenerable ionic liquids are used to extract lipids and to catalyse hydrotreatment. For HTL pathway, a continuous reactor, tailored to SAF production from the chosen strain is designed and constructed to reduce clogging issues and to size with higher precision the heat exchangers. Furthermore, the mechanistic models that are developed and used in the design increase the scalability of the HTL. Biocrude upgrading is led to give a high flexibility between SAF and shipping fuel production. The system is designed in a circular way to reduce by-products, feed system with endogenous hydrogen, recirculate nutrients and reduce its water intensiveness.The whole integrated system is simulated with Unism software and all technical, economical, environmental and life cycle indicators are calculated under the COCPIT decision tool and typical scenarios are compiled. The decision tool is delivered within a marketplace that puts at investor’s service a range of required technological solutions, equipment and skills. It helps them also to choose the best technology that fits their project specificities. The ambition of this tool is to continue growing up after the end of the project to include all certified and promising SAF production pathways.”	none given	none given	none given	F
3201	101131793	RISEnergy	Research Infrastructure Services for Renewable Energy	AIT AUSTRIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY GMBH, EUROPEAN DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES LABORATORIES (DERLAB) EV, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH GMBH, NEDERLANDSE ORGANISATIE VOOR TOEGEPAST NATUURWETENSCHAPPELIJK ONDERZOEK TNO, RHEINISCH-WESTFAELISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE AACHEN, FUNDACION CENTRO TECNOLOGICO DE COMPONENTES, FUNDACION TECNALIA RESEARCH & INNOVATION, CONSORCIO PARA EL DISENO, CONSTRUCCION, EQUIPAMIENTO Y EXPLOTACION DE LA PLATAFORMA OCEANICA DE CANARIAS, COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES, INTERUNIVERSITAIR MICRO-ELECTRONICA CENTRUM, TURKIYE BILIMSEL VE TEKNOLOJIK ARASTIRMA KURUMU, UNIVERSIDADE DE EVORA, CENTRE FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND SAVING FONDATION, UNIVERZITA TOMASE BATI VE ZLINE, CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES ENERGETICAS MEDIOAMBIENTALES Y TECNOLOGICAS, UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA, FUNDACIO INSTITUT DE RECERCA DE L’ENERGIA DE CATALUNYA, AGENZIA NAZIONALE PER LE NUOVE TECNOLOGIE, L’ENERGIA E LO SVILUPPO ECONOMICO SOSTENIBILE, LABORATORIO NACIONAL DE ENERGIA E GEOLOGIA I.P., DEUTSCHES ZENTRUM FUR LUFT – UND RAUMFAHRT EV, EUROPEAN SOLAR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE FOR CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER, UNITED KINGDOM RESEARCH AND INNOVATION, BUREAU DE RECHERCHES GEOLOGIQUES ET MINIERES, OFFIS EV, CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE, HELMHOLTZ-ZENTRUM BERLIN FUR MATERIALIEN UND ENERGIE GMBH, KARLSRUHER INSTITUT FUER TECHNOLOGIE, UNIVERSITATEA NATIONALA DE STIINTASI TEHNOLOGIE POLITEHNICA BUCURESTI, FUNDACION IMDEA ENERGIA, RICERCA SUL SISTEMA ENERGETICO – RSE SPA, DANMARKS TEKNISKE UNIVERSITET, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM – UNIVERSITA DI BOLOGNA, FUNDACION CENER, INSTITUTE OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND ENERGY SYSTEMS, UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI PERUGIA, UNIVERSITY OF CYPRUS, CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE CNRS, EREVNITIKO PANEPISTIMIAKO INSTITOUTO SYSTIMATON EPIKOINONION KAI YPOLOGISTON, NORGES TEKNISK-NATURVITENSKAPELIGE UNIVERSITET NTNU, STICHTING NEDERLANDSE WETENSCHAPPELIJK ONDERZOEK INSTITUTEN, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CORK – NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND, CORK, TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOFIA, THE CYPRUS INSTITUTE, ECCSEL EUROPEAN RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE CONSORTIUM, THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI ROMA LA SAPIENZA, CHALMERS TEKNISKA HOGSKOLA AB, UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE	ENBW ENERGIE BADEN-WURTTEMBERG AG	SINTEF ENERGI AS		2024-03-01	2028-08-31	2023-11-27	Horizon	€ 14,499,997.59	€ 14,499,997.59	[0.0, 400720.44, 515255.29, 295034.38, 306616.71, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 215064.03, 485326.55, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 623051.79, 0.0, 0.0, 426085.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1709231.47, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1248931.25, 0.0, 3411848.89, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 410995.25, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1390664.24, 0.0, 0.0, 290640.85, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]	[146505.0]	[0.0]	[]	HORIZON.1.3	HORIZON-INFRA-2023-SERV-01-01	The European Green Deal aims to transform the EU into a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy with zero net greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. To achieve more efficient, competitive and cost-effective energy systems and devices, RISEnergy fosters a European ecosystem of industry, research organizations and funding agencies aimed at developing novel energy technologies and concepts. RISEnergy brings together a consortium of 69 beneficiaries from 23 countries: ERIC institutions, technology institutes, universities and industrial partners, to jointly improve the economic performance of technologies. Members of the European Energy Research Alliance are establishing the core European ecosystem. The main objectives of RISEnergy are: 1.) enable research and innovation to increase energy efficiency and reduce the cost of energy technologies to foster wider use of renewables into energy systems through proactive innovation management having single entry point with tailor-made access roads for academics, industry, and SMEs, and advising RI providers, all acces Users, and policy makers on LCA, ICT development and networking issues; 2.) provide efficient transnational access (TNA) to facilities to support renewable energy technologies and systems: Provide more than 2,500 days of access to major European and international world-leading analytical facilities; 3.) reach out to all stakeholders performing research along the value chain, from materials and technology development to applications in the eight most relevant fields of PV, CSP/STE , hydrogen, biofuels, offshore wind, ocean energy, integrated grids, and energy storage, research infrastructure providers and policy makers; 4.) provide comprehensive services of unprecedented quality: new cross-RI services, a single entry point, tailor-made access roads for academia industry, and SMEs with a particular focus on scientists from research fields in which the use of research infrastructures is not yet established.	none given	none given	none given	F1
3282	EN3S0096	nan	HIGH EFFICIENCY MULTISPECTRAL PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS BASED ON III-V COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS FOR SOLAR CONCENTRATORS : THE RAINBOW PROJECT.					1986-10-01	1989-05-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THIS R&D PROJECT IS THE ACHIEVEMENT OF HIGH CONVERSION EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR ENERGY. MULTIBANDGAP CELLS IN THE PRESENT PROJECT ARE EXPECTED TO GIVE CONVERSION EFFICIENCIES IN THE RANGE OF 30% UNDER 100-500 CONCENTRATION RATIO. THE PROPOSED PHOTOVOLTAIC QUADRISPECTRAL STRUCTURE IS COMPOSED OF TWO MONOLITHIC TANDEMS: (ALGAAS-GAAS) AND (GAINAS-GAINASP) AND MUST BE VIEWED AS A HIGH EFFICIENCY GAAS ‘MASTER’ CELL TOGETHER WITH THREE ‘BOOSTER’ CELLS: (AL,GA)AS, (GA,IN)AS AND (GA,IN)(AS,P) CELLS. AN OTHER AIM OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DEMONSTRATE THE POSSIBILITY OF REPLACING THE GAAS SUBSTRATE BY SI SUBSTRATES. DURING THIS YEAR THE FOLLOWING MAIN POINTS HAVE BEEN STUDIED: CHARACTERIZATION OF DX CENTERS IN (GA,AL)AS IN RELATION WITH THE PHOTOVOLTAIC QUALIFICATION OF THIS MATERIAL, FEASIBILITY OF TUNNEL JUNCTIONS FOR TANDEM INTER CELL OHMIC CONTACTS, CHARACTERISATION OF GAINASP CELLS, GAAS/SI HETEROSTRUCTURE STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRONIC BEHAVIORS IN RELATION WITH PHOTOVOLTAIC REQUIREMENTS. DX CENTERS ARISE FROM A PARTICULAR BAND STRUCTURE CONFIGURATION IN N-TYPE GA1-XALXAS FOR .2200 ACM E-2) HAVE BEEN MEASURED. BEHIND A GAAS FILTER, THE LPE GROWN GA.29IN.71AS.63P.37 CELL HAS AN EFFICIENCY OF 3.2% (AMO, C=1). SO AN EFFICIENCY OF 8% CAN BE OBTAINED THROUGH A BICOLOR SYSTEM INVOLVING A GAAS CELL ASSOCIATED WITH EITHER A (GA,IN)AS OR A (GA,IN)(AS,P) CELL UNDER 100 CONCENTRATION RATIO. (GA,IN)AS AND (GA,IN)(AS,P) LPE GROWN TUNNEL DIODES HAVE PEAK CURRENTS OF 95.5ACM-E2 AND 2.2 ACM-E2 RESPECTIVELY. CONCERNING THE HETEROEPITAXY OF GAAS ON SI SUBSTRATES, GROWTH CONDITIONS HAVE BEEN IMPROVED AND MATERIAL PHOTOVOLTAIC BEHAVIORS ARE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE CURRENT STATE OF THE ART (NTT AND SERI CARRIER LIFETIME RESULTS). ACM E-2 AND 2.2 ACM E-2 RESPECTIVELY. CONCERNING THE HETEROEPITAXY OF GAAS ON SI SUBSTRATES, GROWTH CONDITIONS HAVE BEEN IMPROVED AND MATERIAL PHOTOVOLTAIC BEHAVIORS ARE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE CURRENT STATE OF THE ART (NTT AND SERI CARRIER LIFETIME RESULTS).
3316	EN3S0059	nan	PREPARATION OF IMPROVED AMORPHOUS CELLS WITH P-I-N STRUCTURE BASED ON NEW VOLATILE HYBRIDES AND FLUORIDES OF SILICON AND GERMANIUM.					1987-01-01	1990-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THIS PROJECT IS AIMED TO PROVIDE IMPROVED ALLOY MATERIAL FOR AMORPHOUS SILICON CELLS WITH P-I-N STRUCTURE. IT WILL FOCUS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW WAYS TO OBTAIN SIC:H(F) AND SIGE:H(F) ALLOYS WITH IMPROVED ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES. FOR THIS PURPOSE NEW GASEOUS PRECURSOR COMPOUNDS FOR THE PLASMA AND THERMAL CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION OF AMORPHOUS SILICON CONTAINING CARBON AND/OR GERMANIUM WILL BE SYNTHESIZED AND TESTED UNDER A VARIETY OF EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS. REPLACEMENT OF CONVENTIONAL CARRIER GASES, LIKE SIH4, CH4, GEF4, OR GEH4, BY MOLECULES OF MIXED STOICHIOMETRY SHOULD LEAD TO PRODUCTS OF SUPERIOR PHOTOVOLTAIC PROPERTIES. IN COLLABORATION WITH INDUSTRIAL LABORATORIES THE CELLS WILL BE OPTIMIZED TO GIVE HIGHER EFFICIENCY AND PERFORMANCE. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide compounds have attracted research interest in recent years owing to their use in a wide range of electronic applications (such as solar cells, photoreceptors and other photoelectronic units). Recent investigations have shown that the optoelectronic properties of amorphous silicon carbon hydrogen compounds depend on the nature of incorporation of the carbon atoms into an amorphous framework. A new approach to obtaining layers with an improved efficiency is directed towards the application of volatile organosilanes that have few or no carbon hydrogen bonds as chemical vapour deposition (CVD) feedstock. In a systematic study a large family of small, simple, ternary compounds (silicon carbon hydrogen) of high volatility showed great promise as starting materials for CVD. These included polysilylmethane, methylsilane, disilylmethane, trisilylmethane and tetrasilylmethane. In addition, the use of germanium powder results in the conversion of silanes to germanes. Owing to their high volatility they have the potential to produce amorphous germanium carbon hydrogen compounds or amorphous germanium silicon carbon hydrogen materials. These compounds offer a number of advantages including safe handling, cheapness and commercial availability of components, and high thermal stability. Investigations have been undertaken into new methods for the production of CVD compounds. For example a new preparative strategy was tested successfully for the production of trisilylmethane. Used in CVD, trisillylmethane improved the photoelectrical quality of the amorphous films. THIS PROJECT IS ORIENTED TOWARDS THE PREPARATION OF IMPROVED ALLOY MATERIALS FOR AMORPHOUS SILICON CELLS FROM NEW FEEDING GASES. SINCE THE INITIAL RESULTS OBTAINED WITH SILYMETHANES (H3SI)N CH4-N HAVE BEEN VERY ENCOURAGING (IN PARTICULAR REGARDING USAGE OF THE SPECIES WITH N = 2 AND 3), THE PREPARATIVE METHODS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF THESE COMPOUNDS HAVE BEEN IMPROVED FURTHER THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF OTHER SYNTHETIC ROUTES. IT HAS BEEN FOUND THAT A THREE-STEP PROCEDURE STARTING FROM PHENYLCHLOROSILANE/SILICHLOROFORM, WITH PHENYL-SILYL- AND BROMOSILYL-METHANES AS THE INTERMEDIATES, GIVES BETTER YIELDS AND A HIGH PURITY PRODUCT N = 3 IN REPRODUCIBLE EXPERIMENTS. THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF THE PHENYLATED INTERMEDIATED HAVE BEEN DETERMINED BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION, AND THE GASES (DSM, TSM) HAVE BEEN CHARACTERIZED BY ANALYTICAL AND SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS, INCLUDING INFRARED AND PHOTOELECTRON SYUDIES. PHOTOVOLTAIC PROPERTIES OF AMORPHOUS FILMS OF HYDROGENATED SILICON/CARBON ALLOYS OBTAINED IN CONVENTIONAL PLASMA CVD EXPERIMENTS WITH DISILYLMETHANE/SILANE MIXTURES ARE SUPERIOR TO FILMS GENERATED FROM SILANE/METHANE MIXTURES UNDER STANDARD CONDITIONS. THE RESULTS CAN BE INTERPRETED ON THE BASIS OF A MODIFIED STRUCTURE AS SHOWN BY A SERIES OF ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATIONS. EXPERIMENTS USING MICROWAVE-GENERATED ATOMIC HYDROGEN ARE ALSO IN PROGRESS. STUDIES WITH A-SI/GE:H AND A-GE/C:H MATERIALS WILL FOLLOW.
3351	EN3S0104	nan	ADVANCED DESIGN OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS.					1986-09-01	1987-06-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	This research examines various problems concerning the production and utilisation of mechanical power by means of electric motors linked to photovoltaic solar plants. Such systems are particularly important in some remote zones, where connection to the electricity network is very difficult and expensive. Brush direct current (DC) motor systems are economically advantageous with respect to alternating current (AC) motor systems,especially for applications using less than 3 kW. High efficiency brush DC electric motor systems, designed for solar plant applications, together with their electronic control systems, show expected values of efficiency and cost making their use significantly advantageous from the economic point of view. STUDY AND EVALUATION OF ADVANCED DC MOTOR FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS.
3400	EN3S0055	nan	DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL BASIS FOR INTEGRATED AMORPHOUS SILICON MODULES					1986-09-01	1989-08-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO REALIZE A TEXTURIZED TCO FRONT ELECTRODE FOR A-SI:H SOLAR CELLS IN ORDER TO ENHANCE LIGHT TRAPPING. THE TCO WAS AN ITO FILM OBTAINED BY POWDER PYROLYSIS. TEXTURIZING WAS ACHIEVED BY INCLUDING AN ADDITIVE INTO THE USUAL POWDER. WE TESTED AEROSIL (SIO2) AND ALUMINA AS TEXTURIZING AGENTS. THE = 5 CM X 5 CM SAMPLES WERE OPTICALLY AND ELECTRICALLY CHARACTERIZED BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRY IN THE VISIBLE AND 4-PROBE SHEET RESISTANCE (R SH) MEASUREMENTS. TECHNOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN PYROLYSIS APPEARED WHEN USING ALUMINA WHICH WAS THUS DISREGARDED FOR THIS APPLICATION. IN THE CASE OF AEROSIL, A BETTER REPRODUCEBILITY IN H (HAZE RATIO) VALUES WAS OBTAINED WHEN IMPROVING THE HOMOGENEITY OF TEXTURIZING AGENT/PYROLYSIS POWDER MIXING. AT 550 NM, AND FOR A 10 % – AEROSIL MIXTURE, WE OBTAINED H=9.1 % WHEN USING A PROGRESSIVE AND CONTINUOUS PROJECTION ONTO THE GLASS AND H = 24.5% FOR AN INSTANTANEOUS PROJECTION. BUT THE FORMER TECHNIQUE WAS CHOOSEN FOR FURTHER EXPERIMENTS AS IT GAVE BETTER HOMOGENEITY IN GLASS COATING AND LOWER DISPERSION IN RESULTS. THESE SELECTED SAMPLES (R SH = 14) WERE TESTED BY SOLEMS AS SUBSTRATES IN SOLAR CELLS WHICH SHOWED LOW JSC (= 10 MA/CM2). IMPROVEMENT OF THE PYROLYSIS TECHNIQUE IS BEING CARRIED OUT, PARTICULARLY WITH OTHER TEXTURIZING AGENTS. The use of an indium-2O3 tin oxide (ITO) thin film deposited by powder pyrolysis as a front electrode in amorphous silicon hydrogen solar cells has been demonstrated. The photovoltaic performances are worse than those obtained with a tin oxide fluorine (tin oxide (TO)) substrate. Chemical reduction of ITO (magnetron or pyrolysis deposited) and TO has been observed during the deposition at 250 C, but does not appear at temperatures below 150 C. Zinc oxide (ZO) is not attacked by the plasma. A 6 nm ZO overlayer is thick enough to passivate the ITO film. The cell performances seem to be slightly worse than those obtained with TO. 2 types of texturised electrodes have been tested in order to enhance the cell performances. Chemically frosted glass followed by an ITO deposition led to a high pin hole density. Texturised ITO deposition on flat glass gave cells with inhomogeneous visual aspects and with slightly lower performances than those using scattering TO. The use of an indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film as a front electrode in a-Si:H solar cells were shown to have a reduced performance in comparison to those obtained with an SnO2:F(TO) substrate. This was true if the film was deposited by powder pyrolysis or by magnatron, and also if the film was protected from plasma attack with zinc oxide. Texturised electrodes have also been evaluated with respect to cell performance. OPTICAL ABSORPTION IN AN AMORPHOUS SILICON SOLAR CELL CAN BE ENHANCED BY TEXTURING A SUBSTRATE WHICH SCATTERS LIGHT. THIS RESULTS IN INCREASING THE PHOTOCURRENT OF THE CELL WHEN COMPARED TO A CELL CONTAINING A FLAT SUBSTRATE. SEVERAL TECHNIQUES ARE USED TO OBTAIN SUCH TEXTURIZED SUBSTRATES, AS LITHOGRAPHY (I), GROWTH OF TRANSPARENT OXIDE FILMS WITH LARGE GRAINS (II) AND DEPOSITION OF TEXTURIZED SIO2 FILM ON FLAT GLASS (III). IN THE PRESENT STUDY, WE ATTEMPT TO OBTAIN THIS EFFECT BY ROUGHENING THE SURFACE OF THE INITIALLY FLAT GLASS SUBSTRATE. THE EXPECTED ROUGHNESS WAVELENGHT IS IN THE 500-5000 ANGSTROEM RANGE. THREE METHODS OF GLASS ETCHING WILL BE INVESTIGATED: (1) ABRASION BY USING HIGH HARDNESS POWDERS, (2) PROJECTION OF POWDERS ONTO THE GLASS SUBSTRATE (IV,V) AND (3) WET CHEMICAL ETCHING (IV,VI,VII) BY USING HYDROFLUORIC ACID-BASED SOLUTIONS OR READY-TO-USE SOLUTIONS. INFLUENCE OF ETCHING PARAMETERS (TIME, TEMPERATURE, ETC.) ON THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SUBSTRATES WILL BE TESTED. SCATTERING EFFICIENCY AND TEXTURING HOMOGENEITY WILL BE CHECKED BY OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS. DIRECT OBSERVATION OF THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE SURFACE WILL BE ALSO PERFORMED. A TRANSPARENT AND CONDUCTIVE OXIDE WILL BE DEPOSITED ON THE SUBSTRATES WHICH SHOW BEST SCATTERING RESULTS. THESE SUBSTRATES WILL BE INTEGRATED BY SOLEMS S.A. IN COMPLETE P-I-N SOLAR CELLS WHICH WILL BE TESTED. REFERENCES: (I) H.W. DECKMAN AND J.H. DUNSMUIR. APPL.PHYS.LETT. 41 (4), 377 (1982). (II) H. IDA, N. SHIBA, T. MISHUKU, H. KARASAWA, A. ITO, M. YAMANAKA AND Y. HAYASHI. IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETT. 4, 157 (1983). (III) M. MISONOU, M. HYODO, H. NAGAYAMA AND H. KAWAHARA. PROC. 18TH IEE PHOTOV. SPEC. CONF. LAS VEGAS, OCT. 21-25 (1985)P. 925. (IV) F. ORGAZ AND I. JIMENEZ. BOL. SOC. ESP. CERAM. VIDR. 21(3), 163 (1982) (V) GUYSON INTERNATIONAL LTD. GLASS. P. 194, MAY 1980. (VI) W.C. NIXON. GLASS, P. 221, JUNE 1982. (VII) P.N. HOMER AND B.J. CRAWFORD. GLASS TECHNOLOGY. 11(1), 10 (1970).
3500	EN3S0054	nan	DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL BASIS FOR INTEGRATED AMORPHOUS SILICON MODULES (JOINT PROPOSAL BY MBB, SOLEMS, IMEC AND ASSOCIATED RESEARCH LABORATORIES)					1986-09-01	1989-08-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE PRESENT CONTRACT IS RELATED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF AMORPHOUS SOLAR CELLS MADE BY SOLEMS IN FRANCE AND MBB IN GERMANY; IT FOCUSES ON BASIC ASPECTS RELEVANT FOR CNRS AND UNIVERSITY RESEARCH GROUPS THAT CONSTITUTE THE PIRSEM-CNRS ‘ARC SILICIUM AMORPHE’. THE PRESENT CONTRACT TAKES PLACE AS PART OF AN INDUSTRIAL AND SCIENTIFIC EFFORT OT ENHANCE THE PERFORMANCES OF AMORPHOUS SILICON BASED SOLAR CELLS. THE RESEARCH FOCUSES ON FONDAMENTAL ASPECTS IN THE FOLLOWING FIELDS: A) DEPOSITION PROCESS STUDIES 1- THE CONCEPT OF P-I-N DIODE FABRICATION USING SEPARATE DISCHARGES IN A COMMON VACUUM VESSEL HAS BEEN EXTENSIVELY STUDIED IN THE ARCAM REACTOR. IT IS SHOWN THAT THE ONLY SIZEABLE CROSS-CONTAMINATION COMES FROM B2H6 THERMAL DECOMPOSITION ON THE HOT WALLS. 2- DEPOSITIONS FROM SI2H6 AND SIH4 GLOW DISCHARGE HAVE BEEN COMPARED IN DETAIL. IT IS SHOWN IN PARTICULAR THAT IN ORDER TO OBTAIN GOOD MATERIAL, THE MAXIMUM DEPOSITION RATE FROM SI2H6 IS ONLY 2 TO 3 TIMES FASTES THAN FROM SIH4. 3- DEPOSITION PROCESS BY MERCURY PHOTO SENSITISATION OF SIH4 HAS BEEN EXTENSIVELY INVESTIGATED. 4- USE OF B(CH3)3 AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO B2H6 HAS BEEN INVESTIGATED. IT IS SHOWN THAT B(CH3)3 IS ALSO THERMALY DECOMPOSED AT THE DEPOSITION TEMPERATURE. B) TRANSPORT PROPERTIES IN P-I-N DIODES 1- TIME OF FLIGHT TECHNIQUE HAS BEEN USED TO CHARACTERIZE THE INTERFACE REGIONS OF P-I-N DIODES. THE ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGHT AND RECOMBINATION PROBABILITIES HAVE BEEN DEDUCED. 2- ELECTROREFLECTANCE PHENOMENON HAS BEEN STUDIED IN DETAILS, IN RELATION TO THE INTERNAL FIELD STRENGHT DETERMINATION IN P-I-N DIODES. 3- VARIABLE ENERGY ELECTRON BEAM INDUCED CURRENT IS USED TO PROBE THE INTERNAL FIELD AND THE RECOMBINATION PROBABILITY. 4- THE A-SI:H DENSITY OF STATES IN THE VICINITY OF THE INTERFACE HAS BEEN STUDIED BY SCLC METHOD ON THIN N-I-N DEVICES. C) ELLIPSOMETRY AND KELVIN PROBE WERE USED FOR IN-SITU CHARACTERISATION OF TCO A-SIH INTERFACES.
3543	EN3S0092	nan	HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS SILICON SOLAR CELLS BY DISILANE LPCVD					1986-09-01	1987-08-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE RESEARCH PROGRAMME CONCERNS A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON THE REALISATION OF P-I-N AMORPHOUS SILICON SOLAR CELLS BY LOW PRESSURE CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION (LPCVD) FROM DISILANE SI2H6. SUMMARY : FURTHER PROGRESS HAS BEEN RECORDED CONCERNING THE QUALITY OF A-SI:H FILMS DEPOSITED AT 420 C BY LOW PRESSURE CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION OF SI2H6. OXYGEN AND CARBON CONTENT IN THE SAMPLES WAS LARGELY BELOW 0,1 % AND THE HYDROGEN CONCENTRATION WAS UNIFORM ACCORDING TO N-15 TECHNIQUE RESULTS. HYDROGEN EVOLUTION CURVES INDICATE THAT H OUTDIFFUSION STARTS WELL ABOVE 400 C AND HAS A PEAK AT 630 C. THEREFORE, ONLY TIGHTLY BOND H IS PRESENT IN OUR SAMPLES. OPTICAL DATA INDICATE CONSISTENTLY THAT OPTICAL ENERGY GAPS ARE ABOVE 1.7 EV AND REACH IN SOME CASES EVEN 1.8 EV. THE VALUES OF B ARE IN 700 CM-1/2 EV-1/2 RANGE. IT HAS TO BE NOTICED THAT VALUES OF EG LARGER THAN 1.7 EV HAVE NEVER BEEN REACHED BY LPCVD. THERE ARE TWO INDICATIVE PDS ABSORPTION SPECTRA FROM THESE ONE CAN EVALUATE THE URBACH’S TAIL LOGARITHMIC SLOPE E AND A TOTAL DEFECT DENSITY. THE ND VALUES OBTAINED ARE GENERALLY OF THE ORDER OF 10 /16 CM-3 AND THEREFORE, MUCH BETTER THAN THOSE ONES PREVIOUSLY REPORTED FOR SAMPLES OBTAINED BY THE SAME TECHNIQUE. ALSO THE VALUE OF E WHICH CAN BE DERIVED EITHER BY PDS AND BY CPM ARE NOW BETTER THAN BEFORE AND REACH OFTEN 60 MEV. THIS VALUE IS PROBABLY THE ONE WHICH MUST BE PARTICULARLY IMPROVED, AND IT SEEMS REALLY THAT BY A CAREFUL CONTROL OF DEPOSITION CONDITION A DENOINDENTEASE OF 10-20 MEV HAS BEEN ACHIEVED IN THE LAST SIX MONTHS. CPM DATA MAY BE USED BOTH TO GET THE BEHAVIOUR OF OPTICAL ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT AND TO CALCULATE THE N’MU’V PRODUCT FOR ELECTRONS. WHILE THE FORMER ONES ARE IN GOOD AGREEMENT WITH OPTICAL, PDS AND PAS DATA, THE LATTER ONES OVERCOME IN SOME CASES 10-6 CM2 V-1, FOR INCIDENT FLUXES AROUND 10 /18 PH. CM-2 S-1 AT 1.8 EV. AT 10 /14 PH. CM-2 S-1, A MORE CONSERVATIVE VALUE FOR N’MU’ V IS AROUND 10-7 CM2V-1, WHICH IS STILL AMONG THE BEST ONES EVER OBTAINED FOR CVD A-SI:H SAMPLES. LPCVD A-SI:H SEEMS TO BE NOW AT SUCH A STAGE , THAT IT IS REALLY NOT UNREALISTIC TO FORESCAST APPLICATIONS TO THE OPTOELECTRONICS FIELD IN GENERAL AND TO THE PHOTOVOLTAIC FIELD IN PARTICULAR. ITS PROPERTIES ARE SIMILAR TO THOSE OF GD FILMS DEPOSITED FEW YEARS AGO, BUT IT IS CERTAINLY MORE STABLE AND REPRODUCIBLE. MOREOVER, STABLER-WRONSKI EFFECT IS PRACTICALLY ABSENT, AND THE CLASSICAL INSTABILITIES DUE TO WEAKLY BOUND HYDROGEN ARE NOT PRESENT. WE ARE PRESENTLY PLANNING TO REALIZE P-I-N SOLAR CELLS WITH FILMS ENTIRELY DEPOSITED BY LPCVD IN THE NEAR FUTURE: THE EXPECTATION IS CLEARLY TO OVERCOME A 5% CONVERSION EFFICIENCY, WHICH REPRESENTS THE BEST OBTAINED BY LPCVD SO FAR.
3617	EN3S0120	nan	DEVELOPMENT OF DC ELECTRIC MOTORS SUITABLE FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATORS. OPTIMIZATION OF A DC MOTOR PUMP SYSTEM. ELECTRIC MOTOR-PUMP SYSTEM					1987-08-01	1989-05-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT IS TO DESIGN AND BUILD AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR WATER PUMPING IN PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANTS. THIS SYSTEM IS CONSTITUTED BY: A MIXED-FLOW CENTRIFUGAL PUMP, A MAGNET DC ELECTRIC MOTOR WITH BRUSHES, AN ELECTRICAL CONTROL SYSTEM. THE SYSTEM SHOULD HAVE HIGHER EFFICIENCY THAN COMMERCIAL ONES, IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE PANEL SURFACE AND THEREFORE THE COST OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANT. THE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP IS A MULTI-STAGE MIXED-FLOW CENTRIFUGAL PUMP, WITH AXIAL-RADIAL IMPELLER BLADES. THE FEATURES OF THE PUMP ARE: – CAPACITY: 3KG/S IN NOMINAL CONDITIONS; – HEAD (PER STAGE): 7-8 M; – ANGULAR VELOCITY: 3800 RPM IN NOMINAL CONDITIONS. THE PUMP IS CONSTITUTED BY AN OPEN IMPELLER WITH THREE DIMENSIONAL BLADES AND A VANED DIFFUSER FOR ENERGY RECOVERY. THE EFFICIENCY OF THE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP IS EXPECTED TO BE OVER 60%. AN OVERALL VIEW OF THE PUMP IS SHOWN IN THE FIGURE. TWO DC ELECTRIC MOTORS WILL BE CONSIDERED; THE FIRST HAS AROUND 1 KW POWER, THE SECOND AROUND 4.3 KW POWER. BOTH OF THEM HAVE THE FOLLOWING FEATURES:PRESENCE OF BRUSHES (LONG DURATION, OVER 5000 WORKING HOURS), FLAT TYPE, ‘IRONLESS ROTOR’,HIGH EFFICIENCY (OVER 90%), PERMANENT MAGNET (COLUMNAR AL-NI-CO, WITH VERY HIGH MAGNETIC FLUX). THE DC MOTOR HAVING AROUND 1 KW POWER IS EQUIPPED WITH A HEAT-PIPE COOLING SYSTEM WHICH ALLOWS THE REUCTION OF THE TEMPERATURE INSIDE THE MOTOR. A PHOTOGRAPH OF THE TEST BED FOR 1 KW P.M. DC MOTOR IS SHOWN. THE ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM IS NECESSARY TO OPTIMIZE THE EXPLOITATION OF THE AVAILABLE ENERGY. IT IS CONSTITUTED BY LOW CONSUMPTIONS NMOS AND CMOS COMPONENTS. THE SYSTEM IS EQUIPPED WITH AN EPROM MEMORY MICROPROCESSOR FOR A STABLE MEMORIZATION OF THE PROGRAMME. THE MEADASUREMENTS TO BE MADE BY MEANS OF AN ANALOGICAL PROCEDURE CONCERN: MOTOR SUPPLY CURRENT, MOTOR SUPPLY VOLTAGE, PUMP DISCHARGE PRESSURE, MOTOR TEMPERATURE, SOLAR RADIATION.EASUREMENTS TO BE MADE BY MEANS OF AN ANALOGICAL PROCEDURE CONCERN: MOTOR SUPPLY CURRENT, MOTOR SUPPLY VOLTAGE, PUMP DISCHARGE PRESSURE, MOTOR TEMPERATURE, SOLAR RADIATION. CURR.
3626	EN3S0130	nan	GLOBAL ANALYSIS OF THE RONDULINU-PAOMIA PV PLANT BEHAVIOUR					1988-07-01	1990-09-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT IS TO ANALYSE DATA AND INFORMATIONS OF THE OPERATION SINCE OCTOBER 1987, CONCERNING THE PRODUCTION AND THE EFFICIENCY OF SUCH A PLANT, IN ORDER TO ANALYSE THE CAUSES OF THE FAILURE AND TO EXTRACT FIRST RESULTS USEFUL FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE PV PLANT. WITHIN THE SOLAR PV R&D PROGRAMM OF DG XII (CEE) A PILOT PLANT HAS BEEN IMPLEMENTED SINCE OCTOBER 1983 IN RONDULINU-PAOMIA (CORSICA). THE PROJECT HAS BEEN DESIGNED AS A STAND ALONE FACILITY TO SUPPLY ELECTRICITY TO THE RONDULINU HAMLET IN THE PAOMIA AREA. NO POWER WAS AVAILABLE ON THE SITE AT THAT TIME; THE NEAREST LINE OF THE GRID IS IN FACT 4 KM AWAY. SEVEN FAMILIES ARE LIVING ON THE SITE IN WINTER. THE PLANT CONSISTS OF A 44.064 WP SOLAR ARRAY INSTALLED NEARBY THE HAMLET. POWER MANAGEMENT INCLUDES A 50 KVA TRIPHASE PWM INVERTER, A BATTERY BANK OF 84 CELLS OF 2500 AH RATED CAPACITY, A BATTERY CHARGE REGULATION AND CONTROL AND A MEASUREMENT SYSTEM. A BACK UP 25 KVA GENERATING SET IS PROVIDED TO CHARGE THE BATTERY IN PLACE OF THE SOLAR ARRAY IN CASE OF VERY BAD WINTER SEASONS.
3637	EN3S0114	nan	PHOTOVOLTAIC CURRENT GENERATORS FOR ECOLOGICAL AND CROPS PROTECTION SENSORS SYSTEM					1988-09-01	1992-05-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	A crop irrigation system, powered by a photovoltaic current generator, has been developed. A microprocessor controls water supply and the addition of nutrients. It can be programmed to operate at set periods, or can respond directly to sensors indicating soil humidity, plant surface temperature, and ambient light. A system for measuring and recording significant data from photovoltaic systems has been developed. The system uses a removable cartridge for storing data, which can be transferred elsewhere for analysis. A low energy consumption ultrasonic washing machine, powered by a photovoltaic current generator, has been developed. It comprises a rotating drum, immersed in degassed water, with a submersible magnetostrictive transducer of working frequency 20 kHz, a water heater, and acoustic insulation. A low energy consumption refrigerator, powered by a photovoltaic current generator, has been developed. The temerature (5 C) in maintained by water ice created by the spinal heat pipe. A small refrigerator (45 l) will last 5 days without sunlight or battery backup; a large one (1000 l) 3 days. A reversible ventilator system, powered by a photovoltaic current generator, has been developoed to maintain a constant temperature within a house during a warm day.
3638	EN3S0040	nan	PREPARATION OF SOLAR GRADE AMORPHOUS SILICON FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS BY MEANS OF AN ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS.					1985-11-01	1987-03-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS WORK IS THE DESIGNING OF A ELECTROLYTIC PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SOLAR GRADE AMORPHOUS SILICON, BOTH IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS AND MOLTEN SALTS, IN THE FORM OF A THIN LAYER ON A CONDUCTIVE SUBSTRATE, SUITABLE FOR THE DIRECT MANUFACTURING OF SOLAR CELLS. The design of a electrolytic process for the production of solar grade amorphous silicon, for the direct manufacturing of solar cells, was investigated. Tests were conducted in nonaqueous solvents, in acetic acid and in tetraethylorthosilicate. We have produced thin layers but, in other electrolytes, deposits were not observed. The results of this prefeasibility research show clearly the possibility of obtaining silicon in baths containing sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride and potassium silicon fluoride (K2SiF6) at temperatures between 750 C and 800 C without the use of lithium salts. The work comprised these phases: bibliographic research, including papers published in the literature, patents and industrial reports; design and construction of laboratory equipment used for electrolytic tests; purification of raw materials and solvents; silicon electrodepositon tests; elaboration of collected data. We divided the research and development work into 2 areas; silicon electrodeposition in organic solvents; silicon electrowinning in molten salts. THE WORK IS COMPOSED OF THREE PHASES: 1) BIBLIOGRAPHIC RESEARCH, EXTENDING IT TO THE PAPERS PUBLISHED IN THE LITERATURE, PATENTS AND INDUSTRIAL REPORTS. 2. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS USED FOR ELECTROLYTIC TESTS. 3) PURIFICATION OF RAW MATERIALS AND SOLVENTS. 4) SILICON ELECTRODEPOSITION TESTS. 5) ELABORATION OF COLLECTED DATA. WE HAVE DIVIDED THE R&D WORK IN TWO MAIN FIELDS: – SILICON ELECTRODEPOSITION IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS. – SILICON ELECTROWINNING IN MOLTEN SALTS. TESTS HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED IN NON-AQUEOUS SOLVENTS: IN ACETIC ACID AND TETRAETHYLORTHOSILICATE WE HAVE PRODUCED THIN LAYERS, IN OTHER ELECTROLYTES DEPOSITS WERE NOT OBSERVED. THE CELL FOR SILICON ELECTROWINNING IN MOLTEN SALTS HAS BEEN DESIGNED AND IS NOW IN CONSTRUCTION. OUR PARTNER EXTRAMET IS RUNNING ELECTRODEPOSITION TESTS IN MOLTEN SALTS USING A CELL OF ITS DESIGN.
3645	EN3S0095	nan	STUDY ON THE APPLICABILITY OF THE IONIZED CLUSTER BEAM DEPOSITION TECHNOLOGY FOR GAAS THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS.					1986-12-01	1991-04-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	GAAS THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS HAVE SHOWN THEIR POTENTIAL FOR HIGH EFFICIENCY ABOVE 10%. THEY ARE CONSIDERED FOR COMPONENTS IN TANDEM SOLAR CELLS. PROBLEMS HAVE BEEN FOUND REGARDING DEPOSITION TEMPERATURES CRYSTALLITE CONFIGURATION AND GRAIN BOUNDARIES. IT IS THE AIM OF THE PROPOSED WORK TO DEMONSTRATE THAT A NEW, ION-ASSISTED DEPOSITION PROCESS, ‘ION CLUSTER BEAM’ DEPOSITION (ICB) CAN LEAD TO SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED GAAS THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS AT LOWER SUBSTRATE TEMPERATURES THAN NEEDED IN THE PAST. IN ICB DEPOSITION THE MATERIAL, E.G. GA AND AS IS TRANSPORTED TOWARDS THE SUBSTRATE IN THE FORM OF SMALL CLUSTERS CONTAINING APPROX. 100 ATOMS, WHICH ARE CHARGED BY ELECTRON BEAM AND ACCELARATED TOWARDS THE SUBSTRATE BY AN ELECTRIC FIELD. THE KINETIC ENERGY OF THE ARRIVING CLUSTERS, DECOMPOSING INTO ATOMS, REPRESENTS A ‘VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE’, FACILITATING REACTION AND CRYSTALLITE GROWTH. GAAS DEPOSITION TECHNOLOGIES RECENTLY HAVE FOUND INCREASED INTEREST UNDER THE AIM OF MONOLITHICALLY INTEGRATING GAAS AND SI TECHNOLOGIES FOR ELECTRONIC AND OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS. THIS WILL ALSO INFLUENCE GAAS THIN FILM SOLAR CELL DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS. THE POTENTIAL FOR ACHIEVING ABOVE 10% EFFICIENCY FOR POLYCRYSTALLINE FILMS, CLOSE TO 20% FRO FILMS ON SI AND GE AND WELL ABOVE 20% FRO FILMS ON BULK GAAS HAS RECENTLY BEEN DEMONSTRATED. IT IS THE AIM OF THE PROJECT TO DEPOSIT GAAS FILMS BY MEANS OF THE ‘IONIZED CLUSTER BEAM’ DEPOSITION PROCESS, AND TO OPTIMIZE THEM INSOFAR, THAT FILMS SUITED FOR SOLAR CELL APPLICATION CAN BE OBTAINED AT LOWEST POSSIBLE SUBSTRATE TEMPERATURES. THE PROCESS HAS BEEN DEFINED SO, THAT IN THE FIRST PHASE GA WILL BE DEPOSITED BY ICB AND AS WILL BE COEVAPORATED AS ELEMENT. THE COMPONENTS FOR THE PROCESS HAVE BEEN PURCHASED, DEVELOPED AND BUILT. AFTER INDIVIDUAL TESTS THEY HAVE BEEN INSTALLED WITHIN THE VACUUM VESSEL. GAAS FILMS HAVE BEEN DEPOSITED ONTO COMMERCIAL GAAS WAFERS AT TEMPERATURES OF 580 C UNDER EXCESS AS-FLUX AT A DEPOSTITION RATE OF 2A/S. MAIN PARAMETER TO BE VARIED HAS BEEN THE ACCELERATION POTENTIAL FOR THE IONIZED CLUSTERS. FIRST OPTIMISATION STEPS HAVE LED TO EPITAXIAL FILMS ON GAAS HAVING P-DOPING LEVELS AS LOW AS 10E12CM-E3 AND HOLE MOBILITIES OF UP TO 250CME2V-1S-1, AS DETERMINED FROM FILMS GROWN ON HIGH-RESISTIVITY WAFERS.
3656	EN3S0097	nan	HIGH EFFICIENCY III-V SOLAR CELLS FOR USE WITH FLUORESCENT CONCENTRATORS					1987-01-01	1987-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO INVESTIGATE THE FEASIBILITY OF MOCVD AND MBE FOR THE FABRICATION OF HIGH EFFICIENCY LARGE BANGAP GAAS/ALGAAS SOLAR CELLS, WHICH CAN BE USED IN FLUORESCENT CONCENTRATORS. THE ALLOY COMPOSITION OF THE ALGAAS WILL BE OPTIMIZED CONSIDERING BOTH HIGH QUALITY OF THE CELL ITSELF AND THE OPTIMUM WAVELENGHT OF THE CONCENTRATOR. THIS LAST POINT DEPENDS ON THE DYE USED IN THE CONCENTRATOR FABRICATED BY AN OTHER CONTRACTOR. THE PERFORMANCE OF THE CELL WILL STRONGLY BE INFLUENCED BY THE QUALITY OF THE ALGAAS LAYERS. DEEP RECOMBINATION CENTERS AND THE DIRECT-INDIRECT TRANSITION WILL INFLUENCE THE MAXIMUM ALLOWED (IN TERMS OF EFFICIENCY) AL CONCENTRATION AND IN THIS WAY OF COURSE THE MAXIMUM BANDGAP. BY INCREASING GRADUALLY THE AL CONCENTRATION IN THE ACTIVE PART OF THE CELL, WE WILL INVESTIGATE THE INFLUENCE OF THIS PARAMETER ON THE SPECTRAL RESPONSE OF THE CELL AND OF ITS EFFICIENCY. THE JUNCTION IS IN GAAS, THE EFFICIENCY UNDER AM1.5 ILLUMINATION IS 16.7%, VOC = 0.98V AND JSC = 22.7 MA/CM2, FF = 75%.
3660	EN3S0143	nan	10 KWP-SOLAR PLANT IN BERLIN					1987-11-01	1990-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	The performance of the 10 kWp solar power plant in Berlin has been assessed. The energy is stored in a battery with a capacity of about 100 kWh and was used to cover the electric demand of a heat pump and household and lighting appliances. A solar station for the purpose of operating an electric car has been added. A low loss control unit was installed to supply energy to the car, and a large system battery permitted complete charging of the car battery, of necessary. An intelligent control unit was used to supervise different charging procedures for the car, and the integration of a data logging system in the car permitted research on optimization of the effective range. A procedure for determining the charge status of large battery installations was developed. Computer controlled remote reading of differential pressure measurements obviates the need for service staff to risk contact with hot components or acid. A measurement system for recording the voltage current characteristic of solar generators has been designed, using a low loss load simulator. IN 1988 WE INSTALLED A PV PILOT PLANT WITH A TOTAL POWER OF APPROX. 10 KWP IN A RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT OF BERLIN (WEST). THE ENERGY IS STORED IN A BATTERY WITH A CAPACITY OF ABOUT 100 KWH AND USED TO COVER THE ELECTRIC DEMAND OF A HEAT PUMP, HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES AND LIGHTING EQUIPMENT. ADDITIONALLY THE SYSTEM IS CONNECTED TO THE PUBLIC GRID TO FEED-BACK SURPLUS ENERGY. THE MAIN GOALS OF THE PROJECT ARE: – OPTIMIZATION OF DC/AC-CONVERTERS, REGARDING ON FAILURE PROTECTION AND HIGH PARTIAL LOAD EFFICIENCIES. – DEVELOPMENT OF LOAD MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR OPTIMAL USE OF SOLAR ENERGY. – INVESTIGATION OF DIFFERENT OPERATION CIRCUMSTANCES ON LIFETIME AND EFFICIENCY OF THE BATTERY. – OPTIMIZATION OF THE INTERACTION OF ALL COMPONENTS. THE SYSTEM IS PROVIDED WITH A CENTRALIZED MICRO PROCESSOR SYSTEM THAT ENABLES AUTOMATIC OR MANUAL OPERATION OF THE SYSTEM. IN 1989 A STANDARDIZED MEASURING SYSTEM WILL BE INSTALLED BY BMFT. THE PROJECT IS SPONSORED BY THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES (CEC) AN THE MINISTER FOR RESEARCH AN TECHNOLOGY OF GERMANY (BMFT).ND TECHNOLOGY OF GERMANY (BMFT).
3685	EN3S0139	nan	COMPUTER MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF PV POWER PLANTS					1987-11-01	1989-10-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE AIM OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP COMPUTER MODELLING AND SIMULATION TECHNIQUES FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANTS. AT THE OUTSET. EFFORT WAS CONCENTRATED ON DETERMINING THE PRECISE REQUIREMENTS OF THE THREE DISTINCT USER GROUPS IN THIS AREA, NAMELY, PLANT MANAGERS, PLANT DESIGNERS, AND RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS. FOLLOWING MEETINGS HELD IN MILAN (13/14 APRIL 1988), FLORENCE (MAY 1988) AND GREVE (MAY 1988), AND BASED ON THE RESULTS OF A COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY, CERTAIN PRIORITIES WERE OUTLINED. THESE INCLUDED: (1) ANY SUCH SOFTWARE SHOULD BE USER FRIENDLY AND WELL DOCUMENTED. (2) THERE IS A STRONG REQUIREMENT FOR COMPUTERISED, AUTOMATED DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION TECHNIQUES. (3) THERE IS A STRONG REQUIREMENT FOR A COMPREHENSIVE PV PLANT COMPONENT CHARACTERISATION DATABASE. (4) THERE IS A STRONG REQUIREMENT FOR A COMPREHENSIVE, STANDARD FORMAT, WORLDWIDE METEOROLOGICAL DATABASE. TO DATE, THIS PROJECT HAS SEEN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A RANGE OF PLANT DESIGN, DATA ANALYSIS, AND DATA PRESENTATION SOFTWARE. SOURCES OF METEOROLOGICAL AND PLANT COMPONENT CHARACTERISATION DATA HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED. AT PRESENT, THE EXISTING SOFTWARE IS BEING INTEGRATED TO FORM A SELF-SUPPORTING PV SIMULATION SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT.
3690	EN3S0042	nan	AMELIORATION OF ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF THIN FILMS A GAAS IN THE VIEW OF REALISATION OF SOLAR CELLS.					1986-06-01	1989-05-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	AMORPHOUS GAAS(A-GAAS) IS A PROMISING MATERIAL FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC CONVERSION. INDEED, ITS HIGH ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT AND ITS DIRECT GAP ALLOW TO ATTAIN HIGH EFFICIENCY (23%) WITH ONLY FEW MICRONS OF SUBSTANCE. FURTHERMORE, AMORPHOUS SEMICONDUCTORS ARE WELL ADAPTED TO THE REALIZATION OF LARGE AREAS OF THIN FILMS; THIS WOULD LEAD TO A DECREASE IN THE PHOTOCELLS COST. OUR OBJECTIVE WAS TO PRODUCE A GOOD MATERIAL, TO IMPROVE ITS PROPERTIES BY HYDROGENATION AND TO TRY ITS DOPING WITH THE IAM OF REALIZING A SCHOTTKY DIODE AND STUDYING ITS PHOTOELECTRIC PROPERTIES. A-GAAS THIN FILMS (1’MU’) WHERE PREPARED BY R.F. SPUTTERING OF A CRYSTALLINE TARGET IN AR OR AR:H2 MIXTURE. THE MATERIAL IS STOICHIOMETRIC AND INTRINSIC WHEN THE DEPOSITION IS ACHIEVED AT A SUBSTRATE TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 290 C. IT PRESENTS A BETTER SHORT RANGE ORDER AND CONTAINS LESS CHEMICAL DEFECTS THAN THE MATERIAL PREPARED AT LOWER TEMPERATURE. HYDROGENATION PROVOKES ALSO A DECREASE OF THE NUMBER OF DEFECTS AND AN IMPROVEMENT OF THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES, BUT ITS EFFECT IS LIMITED BY DEFECTS THAT CAN’T BE COMPENSATED BY HYDROGEN INCORPORATION (WRONG BONDS). FURTHERMORE, HYDROGENATION IS ONLY POSSIBLE AT A SUBSTRATE TEMPERATURE LOWER THAN 50C. HIGHER TEMPERATURE CAUSES THE CRYSTALLISATION OF THE MATERIAL. INCORPORATION OF MO USING COSPUTTERING PROVOKES AN INCREASE OF THE ROOM TEMPERATURE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF ABOUT 6 ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE. WE ARE ACTUALLY STUDYING THE OHMIC AND RECTIFYING CONTACTS TO A-GAAS WITH VIEW OF REALIZATION OF A SHOTTKY STRUCTURE. The character of the gallium arsenide compound makes studies of amorphous gallium arsenide more complex than those on amorphous silicon. In particular, when forming thin films, relatively strict conditions of preparation are made necessary as the presence of the 2 constituents may introduce additional defects. Research has been directed towards improving the quality of material using hydrogenation and by hot deposition. AFTER STUDYING THE EFFECT OF STOICHIOMETRY DEVIATION EXPLAINED BY A SELF DOPING PHENOMENON (AS EXCESS OR GA EXCESS GIVES RISE TO N-TYPE OR P-TYPE MATERIAL RESPECTIVELY), WE HAVE DETERMINED THE EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS WHICH ALLOW TO OBTAIN AN INTRINSIC AMORPHOUS SEMICONDUCTOR. IN THIS WAY, THE SPUTTERED A-GAAS HAS THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS: RESISTIVITY P = 4X10 TO THE POWER 8 EV, DENSITY OF LOCALISED STATES AROUND FERMI LEVEL = 3X10 TO THE POWER 16 EV-1 CM-3. NEXT WE HAVE TRIED TO DOPE THIS MATERIAL BY COSPUTTERING WITH MO. THE RESISTIVITY OF THE OBTAINED A-GAAS : MO IS SIX ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE LOWER THAN THE INTRINSIC ONE. THE ACTIVATION ENERGY EA IS ALSO LOWERED BY 0.5 EV BY MO INCORPORATION. THIS RESULTED IN N-TYPE MATERIAL. DOPING WITH TRADITIONAL ELEMENTS LIKE TE AND S, THE FIRST IS INCORPORATED BY CONSPUTTERING WHILE THE SECOND BY MIXING THE H2S WITH THE DISCHARGE GAS, IS ALSO TRIED. THE PLOT OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY IS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE FOR A-GAAS CONTAINING TE AND S RESPECTIVELY. UNFORNUTATELY THERE IS NO MODIFICATION NEITHER IN NOR IN EA. THE SMALL INCREASE DITECTED IN EA AND THE CORRESPONDING DECREASE IN P FOR SAMPLES CONTAINING S IS DUE TO THE INCORPORATION OF LOW AMOUNT OF HYDROGEN. OUR RESULTS ABOUT DOPING WITH S AND TE CONFIRM LATEST THEORETICAL WORK OF ROBERTSON WHICH SHOWS THE ABSENCE OF DOPING IN A-GAAS BECAUSE OF THE LOW COST TO CREATE COMPENSATING DEFECTS IN THIS MATERIAL. HOWEVER THIS IS WHAT HAPPENED HISTORICALLY WITH A-SI:H SO OTHER WORKS ARE REACTED TO PROVE THE CONTRARY.
3691	EN3S0107	nan	THE USE OF PASSIVATING IN M/S TYPE A-SI:H SOLAR CELLS					1987-07-01	1990-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	A microwave plasma technique has been used to oxidize hydrogenated amorphous silicon at low temperatures. By a water vapour treatment of the surface, very large open circuit voltages, up to 905 mV, have been obtained in metal insulator semiconductor (MIS) type solar cell structures. The grown oxides were analysed by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), ellipsometry and other methods. The plasma oxide thickness lies in the range 11-17 angstroms. Although dry oxidation led to similar oxide thicknesses, wet oxidation provided better results. As expected, the plasma oxide reduces the MIS forward and reverse dark current and leads to an increase in open circuit voltage and photocurrent. The photocurrent enhancement is due to an increased blue response of the cell. Significant differences exist between native and plasma oxides. This has been shown in an impressive way in surface wetting experiments with a water droplet on oxidized surfaces. The open circuit voltage of cells stored for 3 years remained nearly constant, which indicates a good chemical stability of the MIS cell. IN CRYSTALLINE SILICON IT IS WELL KNOWN, THAT A THIN TUNNELING OXIDE AT THE INTERFACE BETWEEN THE ABSORBING SEMICONDUCTOR AND THE BARRIER FORMING METAL LEADS TO AN INCREASE OF THE OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE AND THUS TO THE EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR CELLS. OUR STUDY DEALS WITH THE PASSIVATION OF AMORPHOUS SILICON. THE INFLUENCE OF THE PASSIVATED A-SI:H SURFACE IS EXAMINED BY A MIS (METAL-INSULATOR-SEMICONDUCTOR) SOLAR CELL. IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE ACTIVATION ENERGY OF THE OXIDE FORMING PROCESS, WE DEVELOPED A PLASMA REACTOR POWERED BY A 2.45 GHZ MICROWAVE GENERATOR. THIS MULTIPLE GAS SYSTEM ALLOWS TO STUDY DIFFERENT PLASMA REACTIONS. AFTER A WATER-VAPOUR PLASMA TREATMENT WE OBSERVED A CONSIDERABLE INCREASE OF THE OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE FROM 610 MV UP TO 900 MV WITH PT AND UP TO 870 MV WITH IR AS BARRIER METAL. THE MIS SOLAR CELLS PROVED TO BE VERY STABLE. THE CELL WITH 900 MV OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE STABILIZED AFTER A YEAR AROUND 870 MV. BECAUSE OF THE HIGH REFLECTION FROM THE BARRIER METAL AND THE A-SI:H SURFACE ONE GETS LOW PHOTOCURRENTS. BY COATING THE CELL WITH A ZRO2 ANTIREFLECTIVE LAYER THE PHOTOCURRENT COULD BE IMPROVED FROM 7 MA/CM2 TO ABOUT 11 MA/CM2 FOR POLISHED SAMPLES. A FURTHER IMPROVEMENT OF THE PHOTOCURRENT COULD BE ACHIEVED BY ROUGHENING THE STAINLESS STEEL SUBSTRATE. ASTONISHINGLY THE A-SI:H ON THE SAND-BLASTED SUBSTRATE DOES NOT EXHIBIT DESTRUCTIVE INFLUENCE ON THE MIS-INTERFACE. THE ROUGHENING PROCEDURE IS STILL NOT OPTIMIZED, BECAUSE WE ONLY USED A 50 MICROMETER GRAIN SIZE FOR SAND-BLASTING. OUR MIS SOLAR CELLS WITH A-SI:H AS BASE MATERIAL AND THE PLASMA PASSIVATION EXHIBIT EFFICIENCIES OF ABOUT 5%.
3692	EN3S0106	nan	PHOTOVOLTAIC SILICAON PRODUCTION BY THERMAL PLASMA PROCESS					1986-12-01	1988-05-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	COCONSIDERING A 20% PER YEAR INCREASE OF PHOTOVOLTAIC MARKET, IN THE 6 TO 8 FUTURE YEARS THE SUPPLY OF SILICON REJECT FROM ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY WOULD NOT BE SUFFICIENT TO PROVIDE SOLAR GRADE MULTICRISTALLIN WAFER PRODUCTION: NEW PROCESSES HAVE TO BE DEVELOPED TO OBTAIN INGOTS FROM MG OR OBSOLETE RAW MATERIAL WITH COMPETITIVE COST. PLASMA PURIFICATION TECHNIC HAS BEEN DEVELOPED IN COLLABORATION BETWEEN PHOTOWATT AND THE LABORATORY OF PLASMA CHEMICAL REACTORS WITH THE SUPPORT OF CEE AND FRENCH AGENCY OF ‘MAITRISE DE L’ENERGIE’. PURIFICATION PROCESS CONSISTS IN MELTING LOCALLY AN IMPURE SILICON BAR BY THE WAY OF INDUCTIVE PLASMA WITH AR-H2O2 GAS MIXTURE. AFTER PLASMA TREATMENT, PHOSPHORUS HAS BEEN EXTRACTED FORM N TYPE EG SILICON (>0.5 CM); BY THIS WAY, IT WOULD BE POSSIBLE TO USE THIS N-TYPE EG REJECT MATERIAL. PURIFICATION FACTORS OF 10 E5 HAVE BEEN OBTAINED IN THE CASE OF MG SILICON PROVIDING GOOD ENOUGH SOLAR CELL CHARACTERISTICS WITH FLUORIDE SLAGS. EXPERIMENTS OBTAINED WITH AN INDUSTRIAL 40 KW POWER PLASMA PLANT HAVE DEMONSTRATED THE FEASABILITY OF MELTING 100 CM2 CROSS SECTION SILICON BLOCKS.
3693	EN3S0141	nan	CAPPING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS ON SYNTHETIC SUPPORT					1987-12-01	1989-11-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	New photovoltaic products have been developed in the route sign field. Photovoltaic panels are incorporated into the final product. This caused problems with their size and power provision. For the first time panels were developed with the end product being the prime consideration in their design. The nature of the product determined the improvement of the panels by modifying their coating. THANKS TO REDUCED CONSUMPTIONS OF ELECTRONIC OR ELECTRIC COMPONENTS, THE PHOTOVOLTAIC SENSORS ADDING FOR COMPLETE PRODUCTS BECOMES AVAILABLE. NEVERTHELES, THE DEVELOPMENT OF THESE APPLICATIONS IS REALIZABLE ONLY WITH AN OPTIMUM ELECTRIC ADAPTABILITY AND AN AESTHETIC INTEGRATION, WHICH ALLOW THE COMPLETE PRODUCT TO BE PROFIT-EARNING AND COMPLETITIVE. IN THE MEANING, THE EQUINOXE SOCIETY SET UP A PROGRAM FOR RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND MANUFACTURING OF LOW-POWER PHOTOVOLTAIC SONSORS WHOSE MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS ARE: – OPTIMUM RATIO SURFACE POWER, – SYNTHETIC OR COMPOSITE SUPPORT, WHICH MAKES ANY GEOMETRIC FORM REQUIRED FOR A SUITABLE MECHANICAL INTEGRATION OF SENSORS IN THE PRODUCT’S ARCHITECTURE POSSIBLE, – MANUFACTURING FLEXIBILITY FOR A BETTER RESPONSE TO ENERGY REQUIREMENTS (VOLTAGE, INTENSITY). ACTUALLY FOR INCREASING THE RATIO SURFACE/POWER WE HAVE CHOOSED THE PROCESS OF ‘OVERLAPPING’ OF CELLS. WE HAVE BY THIS METHOD A RATIO OF 11,4.10E3 W/CM2. THESE RESULTS HAVE BEEN OBTAINED WITH 25 X 50 CELLS FROM A INITIAL 11,8 % EFFICIENCY THAT SHOWS A GOOD OCCUPATION OF SOLAR PANEL. BUT WE MEET DIFFICULTIES FOR AN INDUSTRIAL USING BEYOND 25MM BETWEEN JOINS BECAUSE THE OVERTHICKNESS OF OVERLAPPING. AFTER SEVERAL TESTS WITH DIFFERENT SYNTHETIC MATERIALS (POLYCARBONATE, PMMA, ETC) WE HAVE OPTED FOR A MIX POLYESTER/FIBER GLASS AS BACKING AND EVA AS CAPPING. THE EXPANSION FACTOR IS 9.10. THE USED FILM ON SURFACE IS A TEDLAR WITH ON EXCELLENT TRANSFERABILITY OF LIGHT AND A GOOD BEHAVIOUR WITH UV RAYS, BUT ITS RESIN STICKING POWER IS LOW. THE FINAL PHASE AIMS ARE: – TILE JUNCTION ADAPTATION TO CELLS EQUAL OR GREATER THAN 50MM HIGH – SURFACE FILM IMPROVEMENT – SENSORS NORMALISATION THIS PROGRAM, SUPPORTED BY THE EEC AND L’AGENCE FRANCAISE POUR LA MAITRISE DE L’ENERGIE’ (AFME), HELPED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AT COMPIEGNE, BEGAN IN FEBRUARY 1988.
3708	EN3S0122	nan	FOLLOW-ON-ACTIVITIES#300KW PELLWORM SOLAR PLANT					1988-03-01	1990-05-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	System modifications to the photovoltaic power plant at Pellworm were necessary in order to increase the reliability and availability of the plant under changing operational parameters caused by ageing batteries and increasing consumer power demand. The following improvements in the 300 kW plant were carried out: software splitting to separate the system control and the data acquisition systems; improving energy output by a modification of energy management; installing a monitoring panel; installing a modem. Constantly, more battery problems are arising and the control problem becomes more complicated because of the aged batteries. THE CONTRACTUAL OFFICIAL ACCEPTANCE TESTS OF THIS PLANT WERE FULFILLED IN JULY 1983. SINCE THAT DATE THE PLANT OPERATOR’S OBLIGATION WAS TO OPERATE THE PLANT FOR AT LEAST 5 YEARS. THIS PROJECT HAS BEEN SPONSORED BY THE GERMAN MINISTRY OF RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY (BMFT) AND THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY. IN THE MEANTIME, EXTENSIVE EXPERIENCE UNDER REALISTIC AMBIENT OPERATION CONDITION AND A LOT OF KNOWLEDGE HAS BEEN GAINED ON TECHNICAL AND NON-TECHNICAL ISSUES. BASED ON OVER 5 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE WITH THIS PLANT A MODIFICATION WAS PERFORMED. THIS WORK CONCERNED MORE THE SOFTWARE THAN THE HARDWARE. THE MAIN GOAL WAS TO OPTIMIZE THE KWH-OUTPUT BY INCREASING THE OVERALL RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY VIA A SIMPLIFICATION OF THE OPERATING MODES AND SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVE THE PLANT EFFICIENCY ON BOTH ON-SITE AND OFF-SITE OPERATION AND MONITORING EFFORT. THEREFORE, THE FOLLOWING ACTIONS WERE OR WILL BE IMPLEMENTED ON THE EXISTING PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANT OF PELLWORM. CURRENT ACTIONS – SOFTWARE SPLITTING THIS WORK IS DONE TO ORGANIZE A SEPARATION OF THE SYSTEM CONTROL EQUIPMENT AND THE DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM. A SEPARATE DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM WILL BE INSTALLED. – IMPROVING THE ENERGY OUTPUT THIS INVOLVES A MODIFICATION OF THE ENERGY MANAGEMENT. SPECIALLY, OPERATION PARAMETERS OF THE BATTERY ARE CHANGED AND THE TWO BUS BAR SYSTEMS WITH IT’S TWO SEPARATED BATTERY BLOCKS IS CONVERTED INTO A ONE BUS BAR SYSTEM (SPECIAL CARE HAS TO BE TAKEN FOR THE TREATMENT OF AGED BATTERIES). – MONITORING PANEL A MONITORING PANEL FOR THE INDICATION OF SIGNIFICANT PLANT OPERATION DATA WITH REMOTE CONTROL SWITCHES FOR THE OPERATOR’S ATTENTION IS INSTALLED IN THE RECREATION CENTER. – LOAD MANAGEMENT THE INSTALLATION OF AN AUTOMATIC LOAD MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IS NOT POSSIBLE DUE TO A PERMANENT INCREASE OF CONSUMERS WITH CHANGING PRIORITIES. LIGHT SIGNALS WHICH CALL FOR MANUAL ACTIONS WILL BE PROPOSED. AN AUTOMATIC POSSIBILITY TO SUPPLY THE RECREATION CENTER FROM THE PUBLIC GRID AT NIGHT (CHEAP ELECTRICITY) IS SET UP. – MODEM CONNECTION INFORMATION ON THE PLANT STATUS AND MEASURED DATA WHICH ARE PRESENTLY AVAILABLE ON THE VIDEO TERMINAL AT THE PLANT WILL BE MADE AVAILABLE AT TELEFUNKEN SYSTEMTECHNIK (FORMER AEG) FACILITIES IN WEDEL (160 KM AWAY) VIA MODEM.
3710	EN3S0116	nan	USE OF SOLAR DERIVED ELECTRICITY IN PASSENGER CARS.					1987-12-01	1989-08-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MORE COST-ADVANTAGEOUS PHOTOCELLS (PARTICULARLY THIN-FILM CELLS) ARE WELL KNOWN IN PRINCIPLES AND ARE UNDERGOING RAPID FURTHER DEVELOPMENT.THEIR USE IN VEHICLES HAS SO FAR ONLY BEEN TRIED IN A FEW SIMPLE SPECIAL APPLICATIONS (SOLAR FAN FOR VENTILATION WHEN STATIONARY,BATTERY TRICKLE CHARGING) AS WELL AS FOR THE ULTIMATELY UTOPIAN DIRECT PROPULSION OF VEHICLES.THERE HAVE BEEN NO INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE INTEGRATION OF PHOTOCELLS INTO THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF A LARGELY CONVENTIONAL PASSENGER CAR. Tests and investigations have shown that solar current can already be put to economical use for various applications in motor vehicles. Given the decreasing price of solar cells, due to constantly improving efficiency and reduced production costs, use of solar current will become even more widespread in vehicles, particularly in view of the increased output being provided by new efficient manufacturing machinery. Depending on the vehicle concerned, the operating conditions and the amount of solar radiation, fuel consumption in motor vehicles can be reduced by between 3 and 9% through the use of solar current. A NUMBER OD DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES FOR THE APPLICATION OF P.V. PANELS TO THE CURVED BODY OF A VEHICLE HAD BEEN IDENTIFIED AND INVESTIGATED. SUNROOFS OR SLIDING ROOFS IN SIZES FOR PASSENGERS CARS (0.2 TO 0.3 M2) WITH CRYSTALLINE SOLAR CELLS CAN BE OBTAINED FROM SMALL SERIES PRODUCTION. SIMILAR SAMPLES WITH AMORPHOUS CELLS, DIRECTLY DEPOSITED ON CURVED GLASS SUBSTRATES ARE STILL IN DEVELOPMENT. TO COVER LARGE AREAS WITH AMORPHOUS P.V. PANELS, FLEXIBLE SOLAR MATS ON THIN STAINLESS STEEL SUBSTRATES ARE AVAILABLE. FIRST SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS ON FUEL ECONOMY AND COMFORT IMPROVEMENTS THROUGH THE USE OF P.V. POWER WERE CONDUCTED. THE POTENTIAL FOR FUEL SAVING BY SUPPLYING THE ELECTRICAL NEED OF A VEHICLE FROM SOLAR BATTERY INSTEAD OF THE ALTERNATOR IS DISPLAYED. THE LOWER CURVE CORRESPONDS TO A VERY LOW LEVEL OF ELECHTRICITY CONSUMPTION, AND THE UPPER CURVE TO AN AVERAGE LEVEL. FIG FIG. 3 FINALLY SHOWS THE POTENTIAL OF SOLAR VENTILATION FOR A CAR PARKED IN THE SUN. THE TEST WAS DONE IN A CLIMATIC CHAMBER WITH SUNLIGHT SIMULATION, WHICH UNDERESTIMATES THE EFFECT A LITTLE BECAUSE OF HIGHER SOLAR CELL TEMPERATURES. IT CAN BE STATET, THEREFORE, THAT SOLAR VENTILATION DECREASES THE LEVEL OF OVERHEATING OF A PARKED CAR BY AROUND 20 K.
3712	EN3S0098	nan	HIGH EFFICIENCY III-V SOLAR CELLS FOR USE WITH FLUORECENT CONCENTRATORS.					1986-10-01	1989-03-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	A STACK OF FLUORESCENT PLANAR CONCENTRATORS (FPC) OFFERS THE POSSIBILITY TO DIVIDE PART OF THE SOLAR SPECTRUM INTO DIFFERENT SPECTRAL REGIONS, EACH OF WHICH CAN BE CONVERTED BY SPECTRALLY MATCHED SOLAR CELLS WITH A HIGHER EFFICIENCY THAN THAT OF A SINGLE CELL FOR THE SUM OF THE REGIONS. PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT IS TO OPTIMIZE THE SYSTEM FPC/III-V SOLAR CELL BY MONTE CARLO SIMULATION, CHARACTERIZE THE GAAS- AND GA1-X ALX AS-SOLAR CELLS TO BE FABRICATED BY THE INTERUNIVERSITY MICROELECTRONICS CENTER (IMEC), LEUVEN AND TO BUILD THE FINAL STACK WHICH SHOULD HAVE AN ELECTRICAL EFFICIENCY OF WELL ABOVE 4%. AT PRESENT DATA ABOUT III-V SOLAR CELLS ARE BEING COLLECTED AND PROCESSED. High efficiency III-V solar cells can be used with fluorescent concentrators. Fluorescent planar concentrators (FPC) combine the effects of a low level concentrator and a spectrum splitter. The unique feature is the ability to concentrate diffuse light too, thus eliminating the need for tracking, and making low light applications highly attractive. FPCs reduce the solar cell area needed compared to directly exposed generators but, as their overall electrical efficiency is rather poor, they need large areas. FLUORESCENT CONCENTRATORS CONSIST OF A SHEET OF HIGHLY TRANSPARENT MATERIAL, SEVERAL MM THICK WHICH IS DOPED WITH A FLUORESCENT DYE WHICH ABSORBS PART OF THE SUNLIGHT AND REEMITS IT SHIFTED TO LONGER WAVE LENGTHS – AS FLUORESCENCE. ABOUT 75% OF THE FLUORESCENT LIGHT IS TRAPPED IN THE SHEET BY TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION AND GUIDED TO THE EDGES WHERE SOLAR CELLS ARE MOUNTED. A GREAT ADVANTAGE OF FLUORESCENT CONCENTRATORS IS THEIR ABILITY TO CONCENTRATE DIFFUSE LIGHT AS WELL AS DIRECT LIGHT. THEREFORE NO TRACKING OF THE SUN IS REQUIRED. GAAS- AND GA1-XALXAS-SOLAR CELLS ARE ESPECIALLY WELL-SUITED FOR FLUORESCENT CONCENTRATORS, THIER BAND GAPS LIE CLOSER TO THE FLUORESCENT EMISSION THAN THAT OF SILICON, THE BAND GAP OF GA1-XALXAS CAN BE OPTIMIZED WITH RESPECT TO THE FLUORESCENCE BY VARYING THE ALUMINIUM CONTENT AND THE EFFIENCY DEGRADATION WITH INCREASING TEMPERATUR IS LESS PRONOUNCED THAN WITH SILICON.33A STACK OF.33A STACK OF FLUORESCENT PLANAR CONCENTRATORS (FPC) OFFERS THE POSSIBILITY TO DIVIDE PART OF THE SOLAR SPECTRUM INTO DIFFERENT SPECTRAL REGIONS, EACH OF WHICH CAN BE CONVERTED BY SPECTRALLY MATCHED SOLAR CELLS WITH A HIGHER EFFICIENCY THAN THAT OF A SINGLE CELL FOR THE SUM OF THE REGIONS. PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT IS TO OPTIMIZE THE SYSTEM FPC/III-V SOLAR CELL FABRICATED BY THE INTERUNIVERSITY MICROELECTRONICS CENTER (IMEC), LEUVEN, AND TO BUILD THE FINAL STACK WHICH SHOULD HAVE AN ELECTRICAL EFFICIENCY OF WELL ABOVE 4%. SO FAR NO OPTIMIZED III-V SOLAR CELLS WERE AVAILABLE. WITH GAAS SOLAR CELLS WHICH CISE, MILANO MADE AVAILABLE, A TWO SHEET FPC STACK YIELDED AN OVERALL ELECTRICAL EFFICIENCY OF 4.1% AT AN EFFECTIVE CONCENTRATION RATIO OF 2.7.
3715	EN3S0127	nan	SPECIFIC ACTION ON THE FOTAVOLTAIC PROJECT					1988-01-01	1988-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	The results from the optimisation process of the photovoltaic system indicated that the following changes would improve the performance of the plant: connection of the 2 separate battery banks to form a single 600 Ahour battery; improvement of the software for power management. THE SPECIFIC ACTIONS OF THE FOTAVOLTAIC PROJECTS INVOLVE: – THE CONNECTION OF TWO SEPARATE BATTERY BANKS TO FORM A SINGLE BATTERY – IMPROVE THE POWER MANAGEMENT OF THE LINE-COMMUTATED INVERTER. A COMPUTER MODEL WAS USED TO ANALYSE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE FOTAVOLTAIC SYSTEM. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT BY IMPLEMENTING THESE CHANGES THAT THE PERFORMANCE WOULD IMPROVE. THIS SHOWED THAT BY USING A SINGLE BATTERY THE PV SYSTEM COULD SUPPLY UP TO 49% OF THE LOAD AS AGAINST 29% USING A DOUBLE BATTERY. ALSO THEY SHOWED THAT BY CHANGING THE POWER MANAGEMENT OF THE INVERTER AN EXTRA 10% AC ENERGY COULD BE DELIVERED TO THE UTILITY GRID. BOTH BATTERIES HAVE BEEN CONNECTED TO FORM A SINGLE BATTERY AND THE POWER MANAGEMENT OF THE INVERTER HAS BEEN IMPROVED. THE IMMEDIATE RESULT HAS BEEN THAT SINCE JOINING THE TWO BATTERIES ONLY ONE DC BUSBAR EXISTS AND THE SYSTEM IS EASIER TO CONTROL OR MODIFY. THE PERFORMANCE IMPROVED BUT BECAUSE OF DEGRADATION TO THE BATTERY THE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT COULD NOT BE ACHIEVED. EXTRA CONTROL SOFTWARE WAS DEVELOPED TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT CHANGES IN THE BATTERY CHARACTERISTIC. FUTURE ACTIVITY WILL INVOLVE ANALYSING THE EXISTING PERFORMANCE AND ADJUSTING THE POWER MANAGEMENT TO OPTIMISE THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE.
3719	EN3S0137	nan	CONCERTED ACTION ON BATTERY CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF PV SYSTEMS					1987-11-01	1989-04-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE MAIN AIM OF THIS CONCERTED ACTION GROUP IS TO DEVELOP A STRATEGY FOR THE CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF BATTERIES IN THE PV PILOT PLANTS. Research undertaken to identify problems experienced in battery control and management in photovoltaic pilot plants is described. The battery problems were due to system design, poor maintenance procedures and in some cases to battery design. The practical experience from the pilot plants shows that existing photovoltaic systems cannot be accepted. However, the experience does show that the battery in a poorly designed system can operate maintenance free for up to 3 years. THE MAIN ACTIVITIES OF THE PROJECT WILL BE: -COMPILING GUIDELINES FOR THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF BATTERIES IN PV SYSTEMS – DEVELOPING A RELIABLE STATE-OF-CHARGE INDICATOR – DEVELOPING A BATTERY MODEL FOR CONTROL STRATEGY ANALYSIS – TESTING BATTERIES TO IDENTIFY THE COMMON CAUSES OF PREMATURE BATTERY FAILURES IN PV SYSTEM. THE GROUP WILL CONSIST OF REPRESENTATIVES FROM THE PV PILOT PLANTS, BATTERY MANUFACTURERS, AND BATTERY RESEARCH INSTITUTES. THE FIRST VERSION OF THE GUIDELINES FOR THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF BATTERIES HAS BEEN DISTRIBUTED TO PLANT MANAGERS AND ARE BEING IMPLEMENTED IN SOME PV SYSTEMS. THE SOC TESTING IS IN PROGRESS AND INITIAL RESULTS INDICATE THAT SOME UNITS ARE EASY TO USE AND EASY TO INSTALL. THE ACCURACY OF THE UNITS IS PRESENTLY BEING ASSESSED. A PROGRAMME HAS BEEN STARTED TO PERFORM BATTERY TESTS AT SOME OF THE PILOT PROJECTS. THESE TESTS WILL EXAMINE VARIATIONS BETWEEN CELLS IN A BATTERY AND IN SOME CASES CELLS WILL BE OPENED TO EXAMINE CAUSES OF PREMATURE CELL FAILURE. THE REMAINING WORK OF THE GROUP WILL INVOLVE: – COOPERATING WITH THE CONCERTED ACTION ON COMPUTER MODELLING TO ASSESS VARIOUS BATTERY CONTROL STRATEGIES. -COOPERATION WITH THE CONCERTED ACTION ON POWER CONDITIONING TO TEST VARIOUS CHARGE CONTROLLERS AND TO RECOMMEND IMPROVEMENTS. FINALLY, A DETAILED REPORT ON THE CURRENT STATUS OF THE BATTERIES IN THE PV PILOT WILL BE COMPILED.
3728	EN3S0058	nan	VACUUM-UV-PHOTO-CVD FOR AMORPHOUS SILICON CARBON ALLOYS.					1986-10-01	1989-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	FOR A SOFT DEPOSITION OF AMORPHOUS SIC ALLOYS A SPECIFIC PHOTO CVD PROCESS IS PROPOSED, WHICH CAN BE EXPECTED TO IMPROVE THE P\/I-INTERFACE IN A-SIH-P-I-N SOLAR CELLS. There is strong evidence that the addition of diborane to the silane gas phase for p-type doping of amorphous silicon pin structures causes dramatic changes in plasma parameters compared with pure silane discharges or mixtures of silane and phosphine. Considerable changes are produced in the properties of boron doped films, compared with undoped or n-doped ones, including a decrease in hydrogen content, gap narrowing, grainy structures and a decrease in dopability. In addition, interface states at the pi interface, which reduce the current of minority carriers in solar cells, are also produced. A VACCUM-UV-PHOTO-CVD REACTOR FOR DIRECT DECOMPOSITION OF SIH4, SI2H6, B2H6, AND OF HYDROCARBONS (CH4, C4H10) HAS BEEN OPERATED WITH A GASEOUS TRANSMISSION FILTER BETWEEN DEPOSITION CHAMBER AND D2-LAMP. GROWTH RATES MAINLY DEPEND ON TOTAL GAS PRESSURE, WINDOW-TO-SUBSTRATE DISTANCE, AND SPATIAL GAS FLOW DISTRIBUTION IN THE REACTOR. UNDOPED A-SI:H AND A-SIC:H FILMS SHOW FERMI LEVEL POSITION NEAR MIDGAP AND PHOTOCONDUCTIVITIES EXCEEDING THE DATA FOR GLOW DISCHARGE DEPOSITED FILMS. A SHIFT OF FERMI LEVEL POSITION TOWARDS THE VALENCE BAND HAS BEEN ACHIEVED WITH B2H6 DOPING. FOR OPTICAL BANDGAP EG = 2.24 EV ACTIVATION ENERGY DETERMINED FROM TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT DARK CONDUCTIVITY DECREASES FROM > 1 EV (INTRINSIC LAYERS) TO 0.42 EV FOR HEAVILY DOPED FILMS. C-INCORPORATION IS MORE EFFECTIVE WITH C4H10 COMPARED TO CH4 BECAUSE OF HIGHER ABSORPTION CROSS SECTION. SINCE PHOTO CVD GROWTH RATES WITH OUR COMMERCIAL D2-LAMP ARE ABOUT 2 ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE LOWER THAN GLOW DISCHARGE DEPOSITION RATES, A NOVEL LARGE AREA VUV LAMP BASED UPON DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGES HAS BEEN BUILT.
3729	EN3S0053	nan	DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL BASIS FOR INTEGRATED AMORPHOUS SILICON MODULES (JOINT PROPOSAL BY MBB, SOLEMS, IMEC AND ASSOCIATED RESEARCH LABORATORIES)					1986-09-01	1989-08-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	Material deposition techniques have been developed to produce amorphous silicon modules with sizes up to 1 x 0.6 m and production problems such as high throughput and machine cleaning have been solved. Studies on the physics of amorphous silicon devices have been conducted with a strong emphasis on stability. Module integration on a monolithic glass substrate was achieved by a set of flexible techniques compatible with any module pattern. All losses related to the making of a module were introduced into a model allowing size optimization. All assumptions and predictions of the model were confirmed by a systematic scanning procedure of a series of 30 x 30 cm modules. Studies on plasma and deposition science have included: comparison of the many deposition techniques; basic research on deposition; large machine development; the design of a 30 x 30 cm machine; design of production machines. Studies on pin development have included: electrode development; control of punctual defects; photovoltaic performances; trimethyl baron as a new doping gas. Studies on module technology have included: module design; interconnection technology. FOR THE FIRST 3 MONTHS OF THE CONTRACT, EMPHASIS WAS PUT ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE REAR CONTACT IN THE CELL STRUCTURE AND, INDEPENDANTLY, ON THE DEPOSITION OF VERY LARGE SURFACES. A LARGE CHAMBER WAS BUILT, IT ALLOWS SIMULTANEOUS DEPOSITION ON TWO 60 X 110 CM2 SUBSTRATE. SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE DEPOSITION UNIFORMITY HAS DEMONSTRATED THAT THE FINITE FREE SPACE WAVE LENGHT OF THE 13,5 MHZ DRIVING FREQUENCY SETS A LIMIT ON UNIFORMITY FOR VERY LARGE SUBSTRATE DUE TO THE APPEARANCE OF A STANDING WAVE PATTERN. A GOOD UNIFORMITY WAS RECOVERED BY USING A LOWER FREQUENCY GENERATOR (5MHZ). FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERFERENCE MIRROR AT THE REAR ELECTRODE, A REACTIVE SPUTTERING PROCESS WAS OPTIMIZED FOR DEPOSITION OF SNO2 FROM A METALLIC TIN MAGNETRON CATHODE (MRC) WITH A SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON MATERIAL UNIFORMITY ON THE 30 X 30 CM2 SUBSTRATE. DOPING BY OXYGEN VACANCIES AND ANTIMONY WERE TESTED. THIS SNO2 EXTRA LAYER WAS DEMONSTRATED TO BE AN EXCELLENT REFLECTIVITY BOOSTER FOR RED LIGHT. IT WILL BE TESTED LATER WITHIN A TEXTURED PHOTODIODE FOR LIGHT TRAPPING. ANOTHER POTENTIAL BENEFIT FROM THIS SNO2 LAYER COULD BE BUFFERING OF PIN HOLE IF IT COULD BE MADE RESISTIVE ENOUGH. HOWEVER PRELIMINARY RESULTS INDICATE DAMAGING NON OHMIC BEHAVIOUR FROM THE UNDOPED SNO2 LAYER.
3730	EN3S0049	nan	EUROPEAN SOLAR MICRO-CLIMATES					1986-04-01	1990-08-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	ESSENTIAL CONTRIBUTION TO THE EUROPEAN CONCERTED ACTION ON MICRO-CLIMATES. In the framework of the Commission of European Communities solar research programme, the joint European research project aims to increase knowledge of microclimatic influences on solar radiation and further develop tools to predict the harvestable solar energy. Measurement networks were installed in 8 locations with typical microclimates, and solar radiation, meteorological and atmospheric pollution data were collected for up to 25 months. These data sets make it possible to define microweather and microclimate characteristics. They also allow the development and verification of computer assisted calculation methods for the prediction of technically harvestable local solar energy. IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE PREDICTABILITY OF THE TECHNICALLY USABLE HELIOTHERMAL POTENTIAL OF A SPECIFIC SITE, A RESEARCH PROGRAMME ON SOLAR MICROCLIMATES HAS BEEN LAUNCHED BY THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, EUROPEAN SOLAR MICROCLIMATES, ACTION D-1 OF SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH PROGRAMME. THE FOLLOWING ARE THE GENERAL AIMS OF THE STUDY: – TO PROVIDE FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLIMATIC FACTORS AND SOLAR RADIATION – TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF ANTHROPOGENETIC POLLUTION ON THE TECHNICALLY USABLE SOLAR ENERGY – TO ESTABLISH SOUND CORRELATION MODELS BETWEEN WEATHER DATA, POLLUTION, REGIONAL OROGRAPHY AND THE SOLAR RADIATION PATTERN. EIGHT CHARACTERISTICS SITES HAVE BEEN SELECTED: BRUSSELS AND TORINO: INDUSTRIAL CITIES SITUATED IN PLAINS; GRENOBLE AND SAARBRUCKEN: INDUSTRIAL TOWNS IN NARROW VALLEYS; STRASBOURG: THE MICROCLIMATE OF THE UPPER RHINE VALLEY; VENDEE AND PENTLAND HILLS (SCOTLAND): INTERACTION OF COASTAL MARINE AND INLAND CLIMATE; SIERRA NEVADA: STRONG CLIMATIC VARIATIONS IN MOUNTAIN VALLEYS. ALL THESE SITES, MEASURING NETWORKS FOR GLOBAL SOLAR RADIATIONS, METEOROLOGICAL DATA AND POLLUTANTS ARE TO BE SET UP, OR, AS FAR AS AVAILABLE, DATA RECORDINGS ARE TO BE COLLECTED FROM EXISTING NETWORKS. ON THE BASIS OF THE RECORDED DATA AND THE TOPOGRAPHIC AND OROGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LOCATION, THE SITE-SPECIFIC HELIOTHERMAL POTENTIAL WILL BE CORRELATED TO SITE-SPECIFIC DATA AND METEOROLOGICAL DATA USING NUMERICAL MODELS. THE RESEARCH WORK OF ONE GROUP ESPECIALLY CONCENTRATES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF MICROCOMPUTER MODELS USING EASILY AVAILABLE METEOROLOGICAL AND SITE-SPECIFIC DATA AS INPUT. THE DATA RECORDS OF ALL INVESTIGATED SITES ARE TO BE COMPATIBLE IN FORMAT AND STRUCTURE AND WILL BE FILED IN EASILY ACCESSIBLE FORM. THE PROJECT IS ORGANIZED AS A CONCERTED ACTION OF TEN DIFFERENT RESEARCH GROUPS IN SEVEN COUNTRIES. ONE GROUP IS ACTING AS COORDINATOR TO ASSURE THE COMPATIBILITY OF MEASURING METHODS, DATA REGISTRATION, CORRELATION MODELS AND THE MANAGEMENT OF A CENTRAL DATA BANK.
3731	EN3S0101	nan	EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF SOLAR THERMO-MECHANICAL PLANTS.					1986-09-01	1988-02-28		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	I) – STUDIES OF THE COMPONENTS OF A PLANT WITH MIRRORED TOWER AND FIELD II) – INSOLATION DATA
3732	EN3S0057	nan	DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL BASIS FOR INTEGRATED AMORPHOUS SILICON MODULES.					1987-03-01	1990-05-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	ESTABLISH THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL BASIS FOR A VARIABLE EUROPEAN AMORPHOUS SILICON SOLAR CELL INDUSTRY The development of device grade amorphous silicon germanium hydrogen material is described. The development of the TCO/p\ interface and p/i interface is of great interest for good quality pin diodes, especially for high fill factors. Some properties of these barriers are discussed. Since the role of the internal electric field of the pin structure was demonstrated, some experiments influencing the electric field were carried out. The effect of electric field modifications have been studied. The microcrystalline n\ layer can be used in pin cells as a good semiconductor contact to a metal or as a semiconductor contact inside a stacked pin structure, for which a low ohmic contact is of great importance. The semiconductor contacts of a pin cell are very critical and the same seems to be valid for the TCO and metal contact. A detailed analysis of these contacts has been carried out. The integrated type of module, which can be manufactured by amorphous silicon solar cells, has a great potential for cost reduction. One method for this is laser scribing. Some results on this method are summarised. Last, but not least, the important technical problem of how to handle deposition gases has been studied. Material deposition techniques have been developed to produce amorphous silicon modules with sizes up to 1 x 0.6 m and production problems such as high throughput and machine cleaning have been solved. Studies on the physics of amorphous silicon devices have been conducted with a strong emphasis on stability. Module integration on a monolithic glass substrate was achieved by a set of flexible techniques compatible with any module pattern. All losses related to the making of a module were introduced into a model allowing size optimization. All assumptions and predictions of the model were confirmed by a systematic scanning procedure of a series of 30 x 30 cm modules. THE QUALITY OF BOTH, FRONT AND BACK CONTACT IN THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS WITH STRUCTURES OF GLASS/CTO/PIN-A-SI/METAL HAS AN IMPORT INFLUENCE ON PERFORMANCE AND THERMAL STABILITY OF THE DEVICE. THE GLOW DISCHARGE PROCESS DURING THE DEPOSITION OF THE P-LAYER INDUCES A DEGRADATION OF THE CTO LAYER,ESPECIALLY SNO2 IN OUR CASE (FIG.1). IT WAS FOUND THAT SUBSTRATE TEMPERATURE IS A CRITICAL PARAMETER FOR CELL FABRICATION: TEMPERATURES HIGHER THAN APPROXIMATELY 200 DEGREES CELCIUS FOR P-LAYER DEPOSITION INITIATE A DETERIORATION OF CELL PERFORMANCE. AES DEPTH PROFILING HAS BEEN CARRIED OUT TO ANALYZE THE CHEMISTRY OF THE CTO-P INTERFACE. ELEMENTAL TIN CAN BE OBSERVED AT THE INTERFACE AND IN THE P-LAYER. THE BEHAVIOR OF THE CELL CHARACTERISTICS COULD BE EXPLAINED BY THE ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL DATA OF THE P\-LAYER (SEE FIG.2). TWO MAIN PROBLEMS OCCUR AT THE BACK SIDE OF THE CELL, NAMELY AT THE N/A1 INTERFACE: 1) HIGH CONTACT RESISTANCE WHICH EFFECTS INITIAL CELL EFFICIENCY AND 2) THERMAL DEGRADATION OF THE INTERFACE WHICH LIMITS THE INTERFACE WHICH LIMITS THE LIFETIME OF THE DEVICE. BOTH AMORPHOUS AND MICROCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS WERE USED AS N-LAYERS. THE ALUMINUM ELECTRODE WAS DEPOSITED BY E-BEAM EVAPORATION AND MAGNETRON SPUTTERING. IN THE CASE OF EVAPORATED A1, A SERIES RESISTANCE WHICH IS LIKELY TO BE DUE TO A NATIVE SILICONOXIDE FILM, DETERIORATES THE I-V CURVE OF THESE CELLS. AN APPROPRIATE ANNEALING PROCESS AFTER THE METALLIZATION STEP CAN RECOVER THE DEVICE PERFORMANCE WHICH IS COMPARABLE TO CELLS WITH SPUTTERED A1 ELECTRODE. THERMAL STRESS APPLIED TO A-SI CELLS AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES BETWEEN 100 C AND 200 C LEADS TO A SHORT-CIRCUIT OF THE DEVICE (FIG.3.). AES PROFILES OF SUCH DEGRADED CELLS REVEAL INTERDIFFUSION OF SI AND A1 AT THE N/A1 CONTACT. ACTIVATION ENERGY OF THE DEGRADATION MECHANISM IS ESTIMATED TO BE AROUND 1,2 EV (FIG.4 AND 5).
3735	EN3S0123	nan	AGHIA ROUMELI PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANT					1988-01-01	1989-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE AGHIA ROUMELI PV PLANT HAS BEEN DESIGNED, DEVELOPED AND ERECTED BY PPC IN COOPERATION WITH SERI AND VARTA. THE INSTALLED CAPACITY IS 50 KWP AND THE STORAGE SYSTEM 1500 AH. 300 V. A DC/AC INVERTER IS USED TO SUPPLY THE AGHIA ROUMELI VILLAGE GRID WITH AC 220/380 V 50 HZ. THE PLANT IS IN OPERATION SINCE NOVEMBER 1982. THE PRESENT PROJECT AIMING AT THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE PV STATION COMPRISES THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES WHICH WERE ALL COMPLETED DURING THE FIRST YEAR: – 19 BATTERIES CELLS WERE REPLACED, AS SEVEN OF THEM WERE IRREVERSIBLY DAMAGED AND THE OTHER 12 WERE VERY CLOSE TO CEASE FUNCTIONING. – THE NEW MONITORING SYSTEM (HEWLETT-PACKARD) ACCORDING TO THE JRC ISPRA GUIDELINES WAS INSTALLED. – THE NEW BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEM WAS DESIGNED, CONSTRUCTED AND INSTALLED. – MEASUREMENTS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE PV MODULES WERE EXECUTED IN COOPERATION WITH THE JRC ISPRA SCIENTIFIC GROUP. – MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES COVERING THE ELECTRONIC CONTROL OF THE INVERTER AND PROTECTION OF THE MODULES CONNECTION CABLES THROUGH PVC TUBES.
3736	EN3S0046	OPSYS	CONCERTED ACTION FOR SOLAR SYSTEM MODEL DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION.					1986-06-01	1990-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THE CONCERTED ACTION INCLUDE TWO MAJOR PARTS: – VALIDATION OF SIMULATION MODELS, BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL DATA SEQUENCES OBTAINED FROM AN EARLIER CEC CONCERTED ACTION, THE SOLAR PILOT TEST FACILITIES. – DEVELOPMENT OF USER FRIENDLY SOFTWARE PACKAGES FOR PERSONAL COMPUTERS, APPLICABLE TO A VARIETY OF ACTIVE THERMAL SOLAR SYSTEMS FOR THE DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE CALCULATIONS. THE VALIDATION OF SIMULATION MODELS IS MAINLY CONCERNED WITH THE SYSTEM ENERGY BALANCES AS AN OVERALL MODEL APPLICABILITY CRITERION FOR ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS. RESULTS OBTAINED, SHOW A SATISFACTORY AGREEMENT BETWEEN SIMULATED AND MEASURED ENERGY FLOWS, FOR SIMULATED SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS BASED ON USUAL ENGINEERING APPROXIMATIONS AND WHICH HAVE BEEN IMPLEMENTED IN THE SIMULATION PROGRAMS EMGP2 AND EURSOL. BESIDES THE SIMULATION PROGRAMS, ALSO SIMPLIFIED CORRELATION METHODS FOR SOLAR WATER HEATERS AND SPACE HEATING ARE DEVELOPED AND A HANDBOOK ON THE USE OF SUCH SIMPLIFIED CORRELATIONS IN SOLAR SYSTEM DESIGN IS PREPARED. THE ILLUSTRATIONS HEREAFTER, GIVE AN IMPRESSION OF SOME FEATURES OF THE INTERACTIVE PROGRAM EURSOL, SHOWING SOME SCREEN DISPLAYS WITH SYSTEM SCHEMES, PART OF THE SYSTEM SELECTION PROCEDURE AND GRAPHICAL OUTPUT OF THE STORAGE TEMPERATURE TIME SEQUENCE DURING THE SIMULATION. THE PROGRAMS ARE SUPPORTED WITH APPROPRIATELY FORMATTED METEOROLOGICAL DATA FILES FOR VARIOUS LOCATIONS IN CEC COUNTRIES, FILES FOR ON-LINE HELP AND DETAILED MANUALS.
3739	EN3S0132	nan	TREMITI ISLAND DESALINATION PLANT					1988-01-01	1989-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE PRESENT PROJECT AIMS TO: – THE COMPLETE AUTOMATICAL OPERATION OF THE PLANT; – THE REPLACEMENT OF THE AC-MOTORS WITH DC-MOTORS WITH THE ELIMINATION OF THE PRESENT INVERTERS. THE RESULT MUST BE AN INCREASED EFFICIENCY OF THE PLANT. A NEW KIND OF INVERTER, DEVELOPPED BY THE SOLAR ENERGY INSTITUTE OF THE FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT WILL BE TESTED; – THE STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION OF THE PRODUCED DRINKABLE WATER WILL BE DONE BY ANODIC OXIDATION, BY ELIMINATING ANY KIND OF CHLORINE PRODUCTS, WHICH HAVE CAUSED A DEEP CORROSION OF THE PLANT AND OF THE WATER PIPE LINE; – THE SEASONAL WATER STORAGE, THE CAPACITY OF THE BATTERIES AND THE PHOTOVOLTAIC FIELD WILL BE INCREASED TO MATCH THE INCREASED WATER DEMAND FLUCTUATION OF THE ISLAND THE 65 KWP PHOTOVOLTAIC DESALINATION PLANT OF TREMITI ISLANDS WAS REALIZED IN 1984 IN THE PHOTOVOLTAIC PILOT PROJECT PROGRAM OF DG XII. THE CHOSEN PROCESS FOR DESALINATION WAS THE REVERSE OSMOSIS ONE. THE ADOPTED CRITERIA FOR DIMENSIONING THE PLANT WAS THAT ONE OF STOCKING THE WATER PRODUCTED WITH THE SOLAR ENERGY DURING SPRING AND AUTOMN TIME TO COVER THE WATER NEED OF THE ISLAND S. NICOLA IN TOURIST PERIOD AND IN WINTER TIME. THE FOUR OPERATING YEARS OF THE PLANT HAVE SHOWN SOME WEAKNESS WHICH HAVE TO BE ELIMINATED WITH THE PRESENT PROJECT.
3743	EN3S0043	nan	THE FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE OF MEROCYANINE – CADMIUM SULPHIDE SOLAR CELLS IN A SCHOOL LABORATORY					1986-04-01	1988-03-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE RESEARCH PROJECT UNDERTAKEN BY SIXTEEN AND SEVENTEEN YEAR OLD SCHOOL STUDENTS HAS BEEN CENTRED ON TWO SCHOOLS OVER THE LAST TWELVE MONTHS. THE WORK IS CARRIED OUT AT LUNCHTIMES AND AFTER SCHOOL, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF ONE OF THE SCIENCE TEACHERS. AT SOUTH HUNSLEY SCHOOL ON HUMBERSIDE, THIN FILMS OF CADMIUM SULPHIDE HAVE BEEN PREPARED USING A MODIFIED PAINT SPRAY. THE FILMS PRODUCED HAVE PHOTOLUMINESCENT AND PHOTOCONDUCTIVE PROPERTIES NORMALLY ASSOCIATED WITH SINGLE CRYSTAL MATERIAL. MEROCYANINE DYES WERE THEN SPUNCOATED ON TOP OF THE CDS FILMS IN ORDER TO FORM A PHOTOVOLTAIC P-N HETEROJUNCTION. STUDENTS AT TWYFORD CHURCH OF ENGLAND HIGH SCHOOL HAVE INVESTIGATED THE SUITABILITY OF A NUMBER OF MEROCYANINE DYES FOR THIS PURPOSE. ALL THE DYES CAN BE THOUGHT OF AS CONSISTING OF AN ELECTRON DONOR GROUP OF MOLECULES LINKED BY A BRIDGE TO AN ELECTRON ACCEPTOR GROUP. THE RESULTANT SOLAR CELLS HAVE BEEN EVALUATED IN TWO WAYS, VIZ. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CURRENT AND VOLTAGE UNDER MONOCHROMATIC ILLUMINATION AND THE VARIATION IN DEVICE CAPACITANCE WITH APPLIED VOLTAGE. MONOCHROMATIC ILLUMINATION WAS OBTAINED USING A SIMPLE SCHOOL SPECTROMETER ‘IN REVERSE’. INITIAL RESULTS HAVE ENABLED A TENTATIVE MODEL TO BE DRAWN UP FOR THE WAY IN WHICH THE CURRENT CARRIERS ARE PHOTOGENERATED IN SUCH JUNCTIONS. FURTHERMORE, THE STUDENTS HAVE BEEN ABLE TO DEVELOP A MATHEMATIC MODEL FOR PHOTOGENERATION, WHICH GIVES GOOD AGREEMENT WITH THE EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS. NEW APPARATUS, E.G. A C-V PLOTTER, HAVE BEEN CONSTRUCTED AND OTHER NORMAL SCHOOL LABORATORY EQUIPMENT, E.G. SPECTROMETER AND PAINT SPRAY, HAVE BEEN MODIFIED BY THE STUDENTS.
3751	EN3S0050	nan	DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL BASIS FOR INTEGRATED AMORPHOUS SILICON MODULES.					1987-01-01	1988-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	IN THE FRAME OF THE MBB-SOLEMS PROJECT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL BASIS FOR A-SI MODULES, IMEC WILL FOCUS ON THE OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL IMPROVEMENT OF THE DEVICE STRUCTURE. Homo-chemical vapour deposition (CVD) amorphous silicon hydrogen thin films have superior photoluminescence and stability properties. In addition, strongly boron doped layers exhibit thickness independent conductivity. The Homo CVD technique has been developed as a possible alternative for the deposition of the p\ window layer in a-Si solar cells. This is a very low substrate temperature (TS=80C) ion free deposition method which is expected to lead to a reduced interaction with the TCO and improved interfaces. It has been shown that good quality a-Si:H is obtained at reasonable growth rates (100 A/min) with superior photoluminescence properties. THE CONTACT RESISTANCE OF LOW TEMPERATURE SCREENPRINTED CONTACTS ON A-SI PIN SOLAR CELLS STRONGLY DEPENDS ON THE CONDUCTIVITY OF THE UNDERLYING N\ GDMU-SI LAYER. A ROOM TEMPERATURE CONDUCTIVITY OF 5-10 (ONEGA CM) -1 IS NEEDED FOR RC<1ONGEGA CM2. VALUES AS LOW AS 10-1ONEGA CM2 HAVE BEEN OBTAINED FOR MO/AG PASTES. ON 8% EFFICIENT PIN SOLAR CELLS A FF OF 0.65 HAS BEEN OBTAINED WITH SCREENPRINTED CONTACTS AS COMPARED TO 0.70 WITH CONVENTIONAL EVAPORATED CONTACTS, INDICATING VERY SIMILAR EFFICIENCIES FOR BOTH METHODS. P-TYPE DOPING HAS BEEN ACHIEVED WITH THE HOMO-CVD METHOD AT TS=80 C AND THE OPTOELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF THESE LAYERS DO NOT SEEM TO DEPEND ON FILM THICKNESS, IN CONTRAST WITH CONVENTIONAL GLOW DISCHARGE SIC THIN FILMS. THE STAEBLER-WRONSKI EFFECT IS LESS PRONOUNCED IN HOMO-CVD MATERIAL THAN IN COMPARABLE GD FILMS. SELF-ANNEALING EFFECTS AND ROOM TEMPERATURE RECOVERY OF OPH HAVE BEEN OBSERVED AS WELL AS A HIGHER PHOTOLUMINESCENCE RESPONSE, INDICATING PROPERTIES SUPERIOR TO CONVENTIONAL GD P\ SIC THIN FILMS. IN COLLABORATION WITH THE UNIVERSITY OF LISBON, THE STRUCTURAL AND OPTOELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF P- AND N-DOPED SIC FILMS PREPARED IN A TCDDC SYSTEM HAVE BEEN STUDIED. THIS WEAKLY ABSORBING HIGHLY CONDUCTIVE MATERIAL, WHICH PRESENTS AN INTERESTING ALTERNATIVE FOR THE A-SI SOLAR CELL WINDOW AND BACK LAYERS, CONSISTS OF SI MICROCRYSTALS, PROVIDING THE CONDUCTION PATH, EMBEDDED IN AN AMORPHOUS SI:C:O:H MATRIX.
3757	EN3S0140	nan	CONCERTED ACTION ON PV MODULES AND ARRAYS.					1987-12-01	1989-08-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	WITHIN THE FRAME OF THE CONCERTED ACTION PROGRAMME PROMOTED BY CEC DG XII TO INVESTIGATE THE MAIN PROBLEM AREAS IN PV PLANT DESIGN AND OPERATION, CONPHOEBUS S.C.R.L. HAS BEEN CALLED TO COORDINATE THE ACTION ON PV MODULES AND ARRAYS WITH THE FOLLOWING OBJECTIVES: – TO IDENTIFY KEY LESSONS LEARNED ON DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF PV MODULES/ARRAYS AND TO DEVELOP GUIDELINES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF EXISTING PLANTS AND FOR FUTURE DESIGNS. – TO ASSESS MODULE AND ARRAYS DEGRADATION AND FAILURE HISTORY. – TO INVESTIGATE SILICON SOLAR IRRADIATION SENSOR CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES. THE INVESTIGATION HAS BEEN EXTENDED TO 16 PV PILOT PLANTS ERECTED FROM MID 1983 TO 1984 WITH THE FINANCIAL HELP OF CEC AND TO DELPHOS, MADRID AND SENEGAL PLANTS, WHOSE RESPONSIBLES VOLUNTEERED TO PARTICIPATE TO THE ACTION. TO GET MOST OF THE INFORMATION REQUIRED ONE PRELIMINARY AND TWO WORK QUESTIONNAIRES HAVE BEEN PREPARED WITH THE HELP OF MAJOR EUROPEAN EXPERTS AND THEN CIRCULATED TO PV PLANT LEADS AND DESIGNERS. THE FIRST WORK QUESTIONNAIRE WAS ADDRESSED TO MODULE AND ARRAY DEGRADATION. THE ANSWERS OBTAINED ALLOW TO SAY THAT EVEN IF SOME DEFECTS HAVE BEEN PRESENT IN SOME PLANTS (LACK OF INSULATION, WINDOW CRACKS, ETC.) MOST OF THEM ARE TIED TO OUT-OF-DATE TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN. LESS INFORMATIONS HAVE BEEN SO FAR COLLECTED FROM THE ANSWERS TO THE ‘QUESTIONNAIRE ON MODULE AND ARRAY DESIGN’. THIS CAN BE DUE ON ONE HAND TO THE FACT, IN SPITE OF CONTRACTOR’S SOLICITATIONS, LESS ANSWERS HAVE BEEN OBTAINED;ON THE OTHER HAND, HOWEVER, THIS PARTIALLY UNSATISFYING RESULT CAN BE DUE TO THE FACT THAT MOST OF THE PV DESIGNS HAVE BEEN MADE ON SEMI-EMPIRICAL GROUNDS AND SOME PROBLEMS (SAY GROUNDING OR LIGHTNING) ARE NOT YET PERFECTLY UNDERSTOOD. WITHIN THE FRAME OF THE CONTRACT JRC-ISPRA PERFORMED TEST REPETION ON THE CEC-COFINANCED PLANTS OF NICE (F), VULCANO (I), TERSCHELLING (NL) AND AGHIA ROUMELI (GR): NO SIGNIFICANT VARIATIONS WERE IDENTIFIED WITH RESPECT TO INITIAL ACCEPTANCE VALUES. JRC COOPERATION HAS ALSO MADE IT POSSIBLE TO COMPARE MODULE PERFORMANCE AFTER FOUR YEAR EXPOSURE OUTDOOR IN THE ISPRA EARS TEST FIELD: THE RESULTS GENERALLY AGREE WITH THE EVIDENCE COLLECTED IN REAL PLANTS. WITH THE FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTION OF ENEL (I), CONPHOEBUS COMPARED THE CHARACTERISTICS OF 200 MODULES TAKEN FROM VULCANO PLANT AFTER FOUR YEAR WORK, WITH THE IV CURVE OF THE SAME BATCH, MEASURED AT INSTALLATION TIME. ONLY TWO OUT OF 200 MODULES HAVE SHOWN ACTUAL POWER DEGRADATION. ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF SI SENSORS IS AT PRESENT BEING INVESTIGATED IN A CALIBRATION CAMPAIGN WHICH IS GOING ON, WITH THE COORDINATION OF JRC-ISPRA AND THE TECHNICAL ADVICE OF DR. M. IMAMURA, IN FIVE EUROPEAN SOLAR LABS: CEN-CADARACHE (F); CIEMAT-MADRID (E); CONPHOEBUS-CATANIA (I); FRAUNHOFER INST.- FREIBURG (D); PPC-ATHENS (GR). JRC HAS DESIGNED AND DISTRIBUTED SIX REFERENCE MODULES ALONG WITH REFERENCE PYRANOMETERS AND SILICON SENSORS CALIBRATED AT ISPRA FACILITY.
3763	EN3S0133	nan	TRANSFORMERLESS DC/AC INVERTER FOR 30 KW POWER					1987-11-01	1990-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	AT THE FRAUNHOFER-INSTITUTE FOR SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS A 1 PH-3KW-INVERTER HAD BEEN CONSTRUCTED, SPECIFICALLY FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION (PV) SYSTEMS. IN THE CURRENT PROJECT THE POWER HANDLING CAPABILITY OF THIS DESIGN SHALL BE INCREASED TO 10 KW FOR A 1 PH-VERSION, I.E. 30 KW FOR A 3 PH-VERSION. FURTHERMORE THE FUTURE INVERTER SHALL BE ABLE TO ALLOW FOR ANY POWER FACTOR, EVEN NEGATIV ONES. THIS MEANS THAT IT NOT ONLY COULD DELIVER ENERGY FROM THE DC-SIDE TO THE AC-SIDE BUT ALSO ACT AS A RECTIFIER ACCEPTING ENERGY FROM THE AC-SIDE AND DELIVERING IT TO THE DC-SIDE,E.G. TO BATTERIES. THIS CAPABILITY SHALL BE ACHIEVED WHILE MAINTAINING THE PROPERTIES OF THE EXISTING 3 KW-INVERTER ESPECIALLY THE VERY GOOD EFFICIENCY OVER A WIDE POWER RANGE AND THE LOW HARMONIC DISTORSION. THE IMPROVED INVERTER WILL ALLOW SIMPLY STRUCTURE HYBRID-SYSTEMS WITH THE INVERTER COUPLED TO AN INDUCTION GENERATOR DRIVEN BY ANOTHER POWER SOURCE E.G. WIND TURBINE OR DIESEL ENGINE. THE TWO GOALS EXTENDED POWER CAPABILITY AND NEGATIVE POWER FACTOR CAPABILITY ARE PURSUED SEPARATELY. CURRENTLY A LABORATORY 1 PH PROTOTYPE HAS BEEN TESTED SUCCESFULLY UP TO A POWER OUTPUT OF ABOUT 6 KW OHMIC AND INDUCTIVE LOADS. FOR EXPERIMENTS FOR NEGATIVE POWER FACTOR CAPABILITY A TEST SET-UP HAS BEEN CONSTRUCTED CONSISTING OF A BATTERY, THE INVERTER UNDER TEST AND A SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION GENERATOR DRIVEN BY A 3 PH-INDUCTION MOTOR AS ADDITIONAL POWER SOURCE. SO FAR SUCCESSFUL EXPERIMENTS HAVE BEEN LIMITED TO SMALL NEGATIVE POWER FACTORS. BACKFLOW POWER HAS UNTIL NOW REACHED 10% OF NOMINAL INVERTER RATING.
3774	EN3S0041	nan	DEVELOPMENT OF CD SE THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS WITH REGARD TO THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE USE IN TANDEM STRUCTURES.					1986-01-01	1989-09-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	Results concerning the properties of polycrystalline cadmium selenide films, as well as the metal insulator semiconductor (MIS) and pn-type solar cells produced from these films, show that remarkable photovoltaic parameters can be achieved. Starting from the II-VI compound semiconductor cadmium selenide, thin film solar cells have been prepared and characterised in detail. Not only the MIS system, but also a pn-hetereojunction has been investigated as the basis for a cadmium selenide solar cell. A comprehensive set of scientific methods has been applied to characterise the diode structures prepared. The photovoltaic parameters of the diode structures investigated were found to be significant. On the whole, the barrier formation of diode structures has been found to be unsatisfactory. This is thought to be due to a high, continuous distribution of density states in the energy gap that results from selenium correlated defects in polycrystalline cadmium selenide films. TWO DIFFERENT APPROACHES FOR A SOLID STATE SOLAR CELL ON THE BASIS OF THIN POLYCRYSTALLINE CDSE FILMS ARE INVESTIGATED: A MIS STRUCTURE AND A P-N HETEROJUNCTION. THE INHERENTLY SIMPLY MIS SYSTEM CONSISTS OF THE FOLLOWING FILM SEQUENCE: CR COATED GLASS SUBSTRATE, POLYCRYSTALLINE N-CDSE, ZNSE (I-LAYER), AU (SCHOTTKY METAL), CURRENT GRID, AND ANTIREFLECTING COATING. STANDARD VACUUM EVAPORATION PROCESSES ARE APPLIED TO DEPOSIT THE DIFFERENT METAL AND SEMICONDUCTOR FILMS. DETAILED INVESTIGATIONS APPLYING SEM, ADMITTANCE SPECTROSCOPY, CURRENT VS. BIAS, AND SPECTRAL RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS REVEAL ORIGINS OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC LIMITATIONS OF THE MIS SYSTEM. THE MAXIMUM ACHIEVABLE PHOTOVOLTAIC PARAMETERS ARE I SC = 20 MA/CM2, U OC = 700 MV, FF = 58% AND AN EFFICIENCY <= 7.2%. THE ALTERNATIVE N-CDSE/P-ZNTE HETEROJUNCTION IS EXPECTED NOT TO SUFFER FROM THE PROBLEMS OF THE MIS SYSTEM BECAUSE OF THE VERY DIFFERENT INTRINSIC CONSTRUCTION. ON THE BASIS OF THE ANDERSON MODEL DIFFUSION VOLTAGES OF 1-1.5 V ARE EXPECTED. THE MATCHING OF CDSE/ZNTE IS THE MOST CRUCIAL PART DURING THE DEPOSITION PROCESS. THE CHANGE FROM THE CDSE DEPOSITION TO THE ZNTE DEPOSITION HAS TO BE PERFROMED BY CONTINUOUSLY CHANGING THE IMPEDING FLUX FROM CDSE TO ZNTE. OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGES OF UP TO 850 MV HAVE BEEN ACHIEVED. THE LOW SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENTS AND FILL FACTORS ARE ASSUMED TO BE DUE TO THE NOT YET OPTIMISED DOPING OF THE CDSE DEPLETION REGION.
3775	EN3S0115	nan	SOLAR MONITOR FOR DETECTION OF RADIOACTIVE ANOMALIES					1988-03-01	1989-04-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO DESIGN AN INDEPENDENT MONITOR FOR DETECTING RADIOACTIVE ANOMALIES IN THE ENVIRONMENT. IT CONCERNS THREE MAIN POINTS: . SOLAR POWER SUPPLY DESIGN . DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGHLY SENSITIVE, LOW-CONSUMPTION DETECTION UNIT . CONSIDERATION OF VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS THE MONITOR FULFILLS THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS: . GAMMA RAYS DETECTION . PROCESSING AND CALCULATION USING A MICROPROCESSOR, ACCORDING TO A SPECIAL ALGORITHM . DATA DISPLAY, AND GENERATION OF ALARM WHEN REQUIRED . SOLAR POWER SUPPLY (LEAD BATTERY – SOLAR PANNEL) MERLIN GERIN PROVENCE HAS DESIGNED A NUCLEAR SENSOR COMPATIBLE WITH SEVERE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND WITH THE TYPE OF POWER SUPPLY EMPLOYED. THE CEA HAS DIMENSIONNED THE INDEPENDENT POWER SUPPLY ON THE BASIS OF A COMBINED BATTERY/PHOTOELECTRIC CELL AND REGULATION CIRCUIT UNIT. THE TWO MAIN CRITERIA TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION FOR THE RANGE OF THE SENSOR ARE: . VERY LOW POWER CONSUMPTION . HIGH DEGREE OF RELIABILITY THE OTHER CHARACTERISTICS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE REQUIRED PERFORMANCE OF THIS TYPE OF APPLICATION (SENSITIVITY, RESPONSE TIME ETC). IN ADDITION TO BEING INDEPENDENT AND RELIABLE, THE POWER SUPPLY HAS BEEN DESIGNED TO PROVIDE AN AUTONOMOUS ENERGY SOURCE FOR 30 DAYS, ANYWHERE IN THE EEC. IT IS COMPOSED OF 2 SEALED CELLS SUPPLYING 4 V-5 A/H, TWO 6 V-2.5 W PANELS AND AN ELECTRONIC LOAD REGULATION SYSTEM.
3780	EN3S0138	nan	POWER CONDITIONING AND CONTROL PROJECT					1987-11-01	1989-08-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	In order to improve the overall energy efficiency and availability of photovoltaic energy generating plants, technical data on inverters and charge controllers were studied as well as the control rationale. The actual energy gain connected with maximum power point (MPP) tracking was investigated by a 3-fold effort, namely, by simulating MPP behaviour based on measured data, by actually measuring MPP performance on test sites and by analysing data. Conclusions of this work are as follows: a database on power conditioning equipment has been produced; technology development needs have been formulated; concrete modifications have been performed in close cooperation with plant managers and have proven the potential for improvement; it has been realised that MPP tracking may not be advisable. Special attention has been directed to the determination of overall energy efficiency and the related question of sizing the power conditioning equipment. THE POWER CONDITIONING AND CONTROL SUBTASK OF THE EC FUNDED CONCERTED ACTION COMPRISES THE SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF THE COMPONENTS INVERTER, CONVERTER AND BATTERY CHARGER AS WELL AS THE CONTROL AND POWER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY. THE ON-GOING PROJECT IS DESCRIBED WITH EMPHASIS PLACED ON INVERTER EFFICIENCY. IT IS DESCRIBED IN TERMS OF A SIMPLE ANALYTICAL FORM IN ORDER TO GIVE THE PRACTIONER NUMERICAL VALUES AT HAND, WHICH CHARACTERIZE THE DEVICE ALSO AT THE REGIME OF PARTIAL LOAD, SO IMPORTANT TO PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS. THE DATA OF DC/DC CONVERTERS HAS BEEN COLLECTED AS WELL. WORK HAS BEGUN TO DESCRIBE THIS DEVICE QUANTITATIVELY, TOO. FAILURE MODES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS ARE BEING DISCUSSED. AN EXTENSIVE PROGRAM HAS BEEN STARTED TO SCRUTINIZE THE PRESENT MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING SYSTEMS AND THEIR EFFICIENCY AS WELL AS POWER AND LOAD MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS TO BE IMPLEMENTED USING THE HYBRID PLANTS TERSCHELLING AND KYTHNOS AS CASE STUDIES.
4050	EN3S0006	nan	REVISION AND EDITION OF THE EUROPEAN PASSIVE SOLAR HANDBOOK					1985-06-01	1986-05-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE EUROPEAN PASSIVE SOLAR HANDBOOK HAS BEEN PREPARED AIMING TO MATCH WITH THE DEMAND FOR A COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY OF THE BASIC PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS FOR PASSIVE SOLAR ARCHITECTURE. IT WILL PROVIDE ARCHITECTS, DESIGNERS AND RESEARCHERS WITH A USEFUL TOOL PAYING PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO SPECIFIC EUROPEAN CONDITIONS. FIRSTLY DRAFTED BY THE PASSIVE SOLAR WORKING GROUP, IT HAS BEEN REVISED BY SEVERAL PEOPLE FROM DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF THE CEC AND IS NOW EDITED BY ‘ECOLE DES MINES DE PARIS’. IT WILL BE AVAILABLE AT THE BEGINNING OF 1987.
4052	EN3S0134	nan	PHOTOVOLTAIC PILOT PLANT “ISOLA DEL GIGLIO” : BATTERY CHARGE CONTROL, DATA MONITORING HARDWARE, CONSUMER HARDWARE					1989-01-01	1990-06-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	Studies have been carried out in order to improve the performance of a photovoltaic power plant used to power a large cold store, resulting in a very attractive use of solar energy. 2 independent systems, a main and a backup system, share the photovoltaic array and a common cooling circuit. Each system is automatically managed by a devoted control unit and is operated completely independently depending on the cold cell temperature and the available solar energy. A prototype was made available on 14/10/92
4367	EN3S0064	nan	RESEARCH ON NARROW BAND GAP ALLOYS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF AMORPHOUS SILICON BASED SOLAR CELLS					1986-04-01	1989-03-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	INFRARED ABSORPTION AND THE DENSITY OF GAP STATES HAVE BEEN MEASURED OF SAMPLES OF THIN FILMS OF AMORPHOUS SILICON FABRICATED WITH DIFFERENT GROWTH RATES IN A PLASMA OF PURE SILANE AS WELL AS IN A PLASMA DILUTED WITH 55% HYDROGEN. FOR SAMPLES GROWN IN PURE SILANE THE DENSITY OF GAP STATES AND THE INFRARED ABSORPTION AT 2070 CM-1 INCREASE WITH INCREASING GROWTH RATES. INCREASE OF THESE QUANTITIES WITH INCREASING GROWTH RATE IS NOT PRESENT IN SAMPLES GROWN IN THE DILUTED PLASMA. FROM THESE DATA IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE GROWN LAYERS DETERMINES ITS ELECTRICAL QUALITY. THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF A 5000 ANGSTROM THICK MICRO-CRYSTALLINE SILICON LAYER ON GLASS HAS BEEN DETERMINED FROM REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION OF MONOCHROMATIC LIGHT VERSUS WAVE LENGTH. THESE MEASUREMENTS WERE CARRIED OUT WITH LIGHT INCIDENT AT THE GLASS SUBSTRATE AND COMPARED WITH THOSE WHEN THE LIGHT IS INCIDENT AT THE MICRO-CRYSTALLINE LAYER. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO MEASUREMENTS CAN BE EXPLAINED BY A 200 ANGSTROM THICK AMORPHOUS LAYER BETWEEN THE SUBSTRATE AND THE MICRO-CRYSTALLINE LAYER. PARALLEL TO THESE EXPERIMENTS THE COMPUTER MODEL FOR THE SIMULATION OF DEVICES, INCLUDING SOLAR CELLS, HAS BEEN EXTENDED BY SURFACE RECOMBINATION AND AUGER RECOMBINATION. CURRENT-VOLTAGE DEPENDENCIES AND ELECTRICAL FIELD DISTRIBUTIONS OF P-I-N SOLAR CELLS AND P-I-P SANDWICH STRUCTURE HAVE BEEN CALCULATED.
4385	EN3S0051	nan	DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL BASIS FOR INTEGRATED AMORPHOUS SILICON MODULES (JOINT PROPOSAL BY MBB, SOLEMS, IMEC AND ASSOCIATED RESEARCH LABORATORIES)					1986-07-01	1988-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE R&D EFFORTS AT S.C.K./C.E.N. ARE MAINLY CONCENTRATED ON FOUR TOPICS WHICH, WE BELIEVE, ARE DECISIVE FOR IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY AND THE STABILITY OF AMORPHOUS SILICON SINGLE JUNCTION GLASS-TCO-P-I-N-METAL SOLAR CELLS. THE MAIN EFFORT WAS DEVOTED TO THE OPTIMIZATION OF INDIVIDUAL LAYERS AND SOLAR CELLS GROWN IN THE NEW MULTICHAMBER PECVD SYSTEM. AT THE PRESENT STATE OF OPTIMIZATION, WE OBTAIN A DENSITY OF STATES AT THE FERMI LEVEL BELOW 10 16 EV TO THE POWER OF -1CM-3 FOR THE INTRINSIC LAYER. HOMOJUNCTION P-I-N SOLAR CELLS HAVE AN EFFICIENCY OF ABOUT 5 % (AREA = 0.1 CM2). WE CONTINUED THE DEVELOPMENT OF HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR CELLS IN OUR SINGLE CHAMBER SYSTEMS. FOR LARGE AREA SOLAR CELLS (AREA = 100 CM2), INTEGRATED USING A LOW COST MECHANICAL PATTERNING TECHNIQUE, WE OBTAINED EFFICIENCIES OF 5 %. WE STARTED THE STUDY OF CELL DEGRADATION UNDER PROLONGED ILLUMINATION. ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE DECAY OF THE CELLS LEADS TO THE CONCLUSION THAT AT LEAST TWO MECHANISMS ARE OPERATIVE. TEMPERATURE STUDIES SUGGEST THAT CELL STABILITY CAN BE GREATLY INCREASED BY RAISING THE CELL OPERATING TEMPERATURE. WE STARTED THE STUDY OF THE SNO2/A-SI:H INTERFACE USING SIMS. WE CLEARLY SHOWED THE STUDY OF THE SURFACE ROGHNUGHNESS OF THE SNO2 LAYER ON THE INTERFACE WIDTH OF THE P\ A-SIC:H/SNO2 INTERFACE. IN THE NEAR FUTURE, WE WILL INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF THE INSERTION OF DIFFUSION BARRIERS ON THE DEGRADATION OF THE INTERFACE. FOR THAT PURPOSE, WE ALREADY OPTIMIZED THE DEPOSITION OF INSULATING ZNO BY RF DIODE SPUTTERING. AT PRESENT, WE ARE PERFORMING SIMS MEASUREMENTS ON P/I INTERFACES GROWN IN A SINGLE AND MULTICHAMBER SYSTEM IN ORDER TO STUDY THE CROSS-CONTAMINATION WITH BORON. THE DEVELOPMENT OF N-TYPE MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON WAS STARTED. THE DEPOSITION CONDITIONS TO PRODUCE N\MU MATERIAL WERE DETERMINED BY VARYING THE SIH4/H2 RATION AND THE RF POWER.
4400	EN3S0071	nan	THIN FILMS OF COPPER INDIUM DISELENIDE FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES.					1986-04-01	1989-03-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE OVERALL AIM OF THE CUINSE2 PROGRAMME AT THE MOMENT IS IMPROVEMENT, MODIFICATION AND COMMISSIONING OF EQUIPMENT AND ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES. THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS BASED ON COPPER INDIUM DISELENIDE HAVE SHOWN GOOD EFFICIENCIES OF 14% FOR SMALL AREA DEVICES OF APPROXIMATELY 1 CM2. HOWEVER, TO BE COMPETITIVE FOR POWER MODULES, THIS EFFICIENCY MUST BE ACHIEVED ON LARGE AREA SUBSTRATES. SEVERAL METHODS HAVE BEEN TRIED IN ORDER TO GIVE REPRODUCIBILITY AND LARGE AREA COVERAGE BUT PROBLEMS STILL EXIST. A NEW TECHNIQUE WHICH HAS THE POTENTIAL TO OVERCOME MANY OF THE PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED BY OTHER TECHNIQUES HAS BEEN DEVELOPED. THIS TECHNIQUE USES WELL ESTABLISHED VACUUM TECHNOLOGY FOR THE DEPOSITION OF LARGE AREA ELEMENTAL LAYERS. STACKED SANDWICH STRUCTURES ARE THERMALLY EVAPORATED ONTO CORNING GLASS SUBSTRATES AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE. EACH STRUCTURE IS ABOUT 0.5 MICRONS THICK AND CONSISTS OF A NINE LAYER SANDWICH OF INDIUM, SELENIUM AND COPPER. THE INDIVIDUAL LAYER THICKNESSES ARE CHOSEN TO GIVE THE REQUIRED STOICHIOMETRY. A THERMAL ANNEAL AT 500 DEGREES CELCIUS FOR APPROXIMATELY 15 MINUTES IS CARRIED OUT AT 10E-6 TORR. A SOLID STATE REACTION OF THE ELEMENTAL LAYERS TAKES PLACE AND CHALCOPYRITE COPPER INDIUM DISELENIDE IS FORMED. BOTH P-TYPE AND N-TYPE MATERIAL CAN BE FORMED DEPENDING ON THE SELENIUM CONTENT AND THE RESISTIVITY CAN BE CONTROLLED OVER THE RANGE 1 TO 10E4 OHM CM BY ADJUSTING THE COPPER/INDIUM RATIO. OPTICAL PROPERTIES HAVE BEEN ASSESSED AND HAVE BEEN FOUND TO YIELD ACCEPTABLE VALUES FOR USE IN THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS. THIS NOVEL METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COPPER INDIUM DISELENIDE HAS BEEN DEVELOPED AND PATENTED. (UK PATENT NO.8818460.1 1988)
4439	EN3B0057	nan	PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF CO2 AND CLEAVAGE OF H2O.					1986-03-01	1989-02-28		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	IN THE PHOTOCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF SOLAR ENERGY, THE LIGHT-INDUCED GENERATION OF HYDROGEN FROM WATER AS WELL AS THE PHOTOCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE TO CARBON-BASED LIQUID FUELS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL INTEREST ARE OF CONSIDERABLE IMPORTANCE. WE HAVE IDENTIFIED A BOTTLENECK FOR EACH OF THE TWO STARTING COMPOUNDS. IT IS THE AIM OF THE PROPOSED RESEARCH TO DEVELOP AN ACTIVE, HIGHLY SELECTIVE PHOTOELECTRODE MATERIAL FOR THE REDUCTION OF CO2 TO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND TO LOOK FOR ANALOGIES BETWEEN THIS ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS. FOR H2O CLEVAGE INTO H2 AND O2 THE BOTTLENECK IN THE AREA OF EFFICIENT PHOTOELECTRODES IS ANODE STABILITY. RECENTLY, SOME GROUPS HAVE DESCRIBED STABILIZATION OF SILICON BY APPLYING THIN INSULATING LAYERS. THIS IS A PROMISING TECHNIQUE AND IT IS PROPOSED TO EXTEND PUBLISHED WORK BY A RESEARCH FOR OTHER INSULATING LAYERS WITH TUNNELING PROPERTIES. TWO LINES OF IMPORTANT RESEARCH FOR THE TITLE SUBJECT HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED. FOR THE PEC REDUCTION OF CO2, WE PROPOSE TO STUDY MONO-AND BINUCLEAR TETRA-AZAMACROCYCLIC TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES OF CO AND NI AS MEDIATORS AT P-TYPE SEMICONDUCTORS AS PHOTOCATHODES. IN THE PEC SPLITTING OF WATER, THE USE OF SILICON AS PHOTOANODE IS HAMPERED BY THE CORROSIVE NATURE OF THE OXIDATION PROCESS. WE PROPOSE HERE TO STUDY THE STABILIZING EFFECT OF THIN FILMS ON MONO- OR POLYCRYSTALLINE SI AND ON AMORPHOUS SI ELECTRODES. MATERIALS PRESENTLY UNDER STUDY INCLUDE SI3N4, BP.
4451	EN3S0119	nan	PHOTVOLTAIC DAIRY FARM ON POZOBLANCO, CORDOBA, SPAIN					1988-01-01	1989-06-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE AIM OF THIS PROJECT IS TO CARRY OUT THE DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND EVALUATION OF A PV SYSTEM FOR THE ENERGY SUPPLY OF AN ISOLATED DAIRY FARM IN POZOBLANCO, SOUTHERN SPAIN. IN THIS REGION, A CONSIDERABLE NUMBER OF THIS KIND OF EXPLOITATIONS WITHOUT GRID CONNECTIONS ARE LOCATED. THE PV PLANT WILL SUPPLY A 48 CATTLE DAIRY FARM WITH A YEARLY AVERAGE – DAILY PRODDAILY PRODUCTION OF 750 L/DAY. THE TOTAL ENERGY DEMAND IS ABOUT 27 KWH/DAY, WHICH IS PRACTICALLY CONSTANT ALONG THE YEAR. THE INSTALLED PV PEAK POWER IS 12,6 KWP AND THE SUPPLY – ENERGY INCLUDES THE MILKING AND COOLING MACHINES, SMALL AC MOTORS FOR – MILK SHAKING AND ELECTRIC FAN, DOMESTIC LIGHTING AND WATER PUMPING. THE TOTAL BATTERIES STORAGE CAPACITY IS 2800 AH. A SIMULATION PROGRAM FOR SYSTEM CONFIGURATION AND SIZING HAS BEEN DEVELOPED IN COLLABORATION WITH THE CENTRE D’ENERGETIQUE OF ARMINES (FRANCE). THE INSTALLATION IS PRACTICALLY FINISHED AND THE START UP IS SCHEDULED – BY FEBRUARY 1989.
4551	EN3S0076	nan	MODELLING OF SOLAR CELLS ON UPM-SILICON AND FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A HIGH THROUGHPUT EPITAXIAL REACTOR					1986-01-01	1988-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	EPITAXIAL SOLAR CELLS ON LOW GRADE SUBSTRATES HAVE SHOWN EFFICIENCIES OVER 11 % AND PROMISES EFFICIENCIES OF AT LEAST 13 %. THE PRACTICAL INTEREST OF THE APPROACH IS BASED ON THE ACHIEVEMENT OF A HIGH THROUGHPUT REACTOR FOR THE CHEAP EPITAXY FORMATION, WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF GRADED PROFILES THAT WE CONSIDER IMPORTANT IN OUR APPROACH. A SYNTHETIC MODELLING OF EPITAXIAL SOLAR CELLS ON UPGRADED METALURGICAL GRADE SEMICONDUCTOR HAS BEEN DEVELOPED. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT THE QUALITY OF THE SUBSTRATE IS OF MINOR IMPORTANCE, AND SINGLE STEP OF RECRYSTALLIZATION, JUST ENOUGH FOR HAVING BIG GRAIN SIZE, IS RECOMMENDED FOR LOW COST. WITH THIS MATERIAL THERE IS THE RISK THAT THE EPITAXI LIFETIME IS NOT LONG ENOUGH. IN THIS CASE THE USE OF GRADED EPITAXIES REMOVES THE SHORT LIFETIME DRAWBACKS PERMITTING TO EXPECT EFFICIENCIES UP TO 13%. A NOVEL HIGH THROUGHOUT EPITAXIAL REACTOR HAS BEEN PROPOSED: THE SO-CALLED SKACKED SUSCEPTOR EPIREACTOR. THE REACTOR CAN OPERATE WITH CHLOROSILANES OR WITH EG SILICON AS SOURCE, AND MUST USE RECIRCULATION OR MIXED CONDITIONS. UNDER THESE CONDITIONS THE COST IS ALMOST TOTALLY LIMITED BY THE RAW MATERIAL COSTS AND CAN GO BELOW $0.5 PER EPITAXY WITH CHLOROSILANES ARE USED, PROVIDED A MASS PRODUCTION OF THE RAW MATERIAL, OR BELOW THESE FIGURES IF THE SI SOURCE IS USED. IN ALL CASES THE EPITAXIAL CELLS HAVE A POTENTIAL COST BELOW THE CELLS BASED ON UPGRADED MG SI WITHOUT EPITAXY, AND CAN MEET THE $2 PER WATT PEAK FORGET.
4553	EN3S0045	nan	THE EUROPEAN SOLAR STORAGE TESTING GROUP CO-ORDINATOR’S REPORT.					1986-04-01	1989-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE AIM OF THE CEC CONCERTED ACTION THE EUROPEAN SOLAR STORAGE TESTING GROUP IS TO DEVELOP PROCEDURES BOTH FOR A SIMPLE TEST METHOD FOR THE BASIC CHARACTERIZATION OF STORAGE SYSTEMS AND FOR AN EXTENSIVE TEST METHOD, RESULTING IN DETAILED CHARACTERIZATION OF THE STORAGE SYSTEMS. THE RESULTS OF THE EXTENSIVE TEST SHOULD YIELD PARAMETER VALUES FOR A CALCULATION MODEL OF THE STORAGE SUBJECTED TO THE TESTS. THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUCH A GENERAL MODEL IS A SPECIAL TASK WITHIN THE RESEARCH PROJECT. THE JOINT ACTION PROGRAMME CONSISTS OF THREE SUCCESSIVE SERIES OF TESTS. PARTICIPANTS IN THE PROJECT ARE: THE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK; THE DANISH SOLAR ENERGY TESTING LABORATORY; ECOLE NATIONALE SUPERIEURE DES MINES DE PARIS (JOINTLY WITH CSTB); THE UNIVERSITY OF STUTTGART; THE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CARDIFF AND THE TNO INSTITUTE OF APPLIED PHYSICS (TPD). THE PROJECT IS CO-ORDINATED BY THE TPD. EVALUATION OF THE FIRST SERIES OF TESTS (A ROUND ROBIN TEST), TOGETHER WITH RESULTS COMING FROM VARIOUS SUBTASKS HAVE MADE CLEAR WHICH QUANTITIES ARE NECESSARY FOR A GOOD THERMAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HEAT STORAGE DEVICES. SUCH QUANTITIES ARE THE STORAGE CAPACITY, THE HEAT LOSS OF THE STORE AND THE STORAGE EFFICIENCY; THE LATTER IS A MEASURE FOR THE AMOUNT OF HEAT WHICH CAN BE CHARGED TO OR DISCHARGED FROM THE STORE WITHIN A CERTAIN TIME. THESE QUANTITIES CAN BE DERIVED DIRECTLY FROM THE RESULTS OF A SO-CALLED TEMPERATURE STEP RESPONSE TEST. OTHER QUANTITIES, LIKE THE EFFICIENCY OF THE HEAT EXCHANGER IN THE STORE AND THE HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE STORE (E.G. IN CASE OF STAND-BY WITH A HOT TOP OR DURING STRATIFIED (DIS-)CHARGE) CAN NOT BE DERIVED DIRECTLY FROM A TEST, AT LEAST NOT WITHOUT INTERNAL TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS. SUCH PARAMETERS ARE IDENTIFIED IN A FITTING PROCEDURE, BY AN AUTOMATED PROCESS OF COMPARING THE RESULTS OF A STORAGE MODEL WITH THE TEST RESULTS. THIS REVEALS ALREADY THE STRONG INTERACTION BETWEEN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SET OF TEST PROCEDURES AND THE MODEL DEVELOPMENT. CONCERNING THE DEVELOPMENT OF A GENERAL MODEL TWO APPROACHES ARE CURRENTLY UNDER INVESTIGATION: A 4-PORT STRORAGE MODEL AND A MODEL IDENTIFICATION METHOD. ALTHOUGH BOTH APPROACHES HAVE BASICALLY DIFFERENT STARTING POINTS, IT IS VERY PROMISING TO NOTICE HOW EACH STEP IN THE DEVELOPMENT MEANS A FURTHER CONVERGENCE TOWARDS A ‘GENERAL’ STORAGE MODEL. PARAMETER VARIATIONS WITH THE STORAGE MODELS ARE ALSO CARRIED OUT TO FIND THE INFLUENCE OF THE MODELS’ APPROXIMATIONS AND THE EFFECT OF THE CHOSEN INPUT DATA ON THE RESULTS. FOR INSTANCE, THE INFLUENCE OF THE SO-CALLED NUMERICAL DIFFUSION (‘SMEARING EFFECT’) WHICH MAY LEAD TO ERRONEOUS CALCULATION RESULTS. CONSIDERABLE PROGRESS IS MADE, NOT ONLY ON THESE TOPICS, BUT ALSO ON ITEMS LIKE THE DEVELOPMENT OF A FORTRAN PACKAGE TO PROCESS THE MEASURED DATA, INCLUDING A DETAILED ERROR ANALYSIS, THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SPECIAL TEST TO QUANTIFY THE HEAT LOSS DISTRIBUTION OVER THE STORAGE SURFACE, E.G. HEAT LOSS FROM A PARTLY (DIS-)CHARGED STORE (‘HOT TOP’), THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DYNAMIC TEST TO EVALUATE THE PARAMETERS DERIVED FROM THE TESTS AND THE SELECTED STORAGE MODEL, ETCETERA.
4556	EN3S0061	nan	CHARACTERIZATION OF AMORPHOUS SILICON ALLOYS THROUGH TEHERMAL HYDROGEN EFFUSION					1986-01-01	1988-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE PRESENT RESEARCH PROGRAM DEALS WITH THE H CHARACTERIZATION OF THIN FILMS OF A-SI:H, INTRINSIC, DOPED AND ALLOYED. THE METHOD USED STANDS IN THE PROGRESSIVE THERMAL DEGRADATION, WHICH APPLIES TO ANY TYPE OF HYDROGENATED THIN FILMS AND CONSTITUTES A VERY USEFULL APPROACH FOR THE STUDY OF THEIR RELIABILITY THROUGH THEIR H STABILITY. IT ALSO PROVIDES THE H CONTENT AND ALLOWS TO DETECT H SITES OF DIFFERENT STABILITIES. MOREOVER IT INFORMS ABOUT THE FILMS MICROSTRUCTURE, EVIDENCING THE EVENTUAL PRESENCE OF TWO PHASES, A POROUS – LOW DENSITY- ONE WITH INTERCONNECTED MICROVOIDS AND RICH IN WEAK H SITES (WHS) AND ANOTHER ONE OF HIGHER DENSITY. THESE INFORMATIONS ARE OF PRIME IMPORTANCE IN ORDER TO OPTIMIZE THE TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR A STILL NECESSARY IMPROVEMENT OF THE FILMS PERFORMANCES. IT IS WELL KNOWN THAT THE H PLAYS AN INDISPENSABLE ROLE BY REDUCING THE DENSITY OF ELECTRONIC DEFECTS. IT IS THUS CRUCIAL TO STUDY ITS STABILITY TO IMPROVE THE DEVICES ENDURANCE, IN PARTICULAR AGAINST SUN DAMAGE IN SOLAR CELLS. THE STUDIES UNDERTAKEN HAVE EVIDENCED DIVERSE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE FILMS H CHARACTERISTICS AND THE TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, THEREFORE ALLOWING TO SELECT THEM IN WAY TO MINIMIZE THE PROPORTION OF WHS, THUS IMPROVING THE FILMS STABILITY. BESIDES, THE RESULTS OBTAINED ALONG THIS THREE YEARS RESEARCH PROGRAM HAVE ALLOWED US TO DEVELOP A MODEL FOR THE ANTURE AND THE DEGRADATION MECHNAISM OF THE WHS. IT IS PROPOSED THAT THE WHS OF THE LIGHT-INDUCED DEGRADATION IS THE SAME AS THE ONE FO THE THERMAL DEGRADATION, A WHS BEING FROMED EACH TIME TWO SI-H BONDS ARE IN CLOSED CONTACT, WHICH ALLOWS THEM TO REACT WHEN ACTIVATED. WHS ARE THUS CONSTITUED BY PAIRS OF NEIGHBORING H BONDS, MOJORITALY LOCATED ON THE MICROVOIDS WALL. CONSEQUENTLY THE REDUCTION OF THESE WHS IMPLIES THE REDUCTION OF THE MICROVOIDS POPULATION, WHICH IN TURN REQUIRES THE CONTROL OF THE MICROSTRUCTURE DURING FILMS GROWTH, AN ESSENTIAL PRECURSOR TO THE MASTERING OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE FILMS PERFORMANCES AND THEIR STABILITY.
4604	EN3S0091	nan	DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL BASIS FOR INTEGRATED AMORPHOUS SILICON MODULES. CONTRIBUTION BY CIEMAT-IER					1986-08-01	1989-03-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	A STAND ALONE PV SYSTEM WILL BE USED TO POWER AN ISOLATED OUT-OF-THE-GRID MILK DAIRY (48 CATTLE) LOCATED AT POZOBLANCO (37.88 N, CORDOBA, ESPANA). THIS RESAERCH PROJECT INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING MAIN TASKS, WHICH ARE PRESENTLY UNDER STUDY: 1) – LOAD PROFILE AND METEOROLOGICAL DATA STUDY 2) – ANALYSIS AND TESTING OF PV MODULES AND NON-PV COMPONENTS 3) – COMPUTER BASED SIZING AND DEVELOPEMENT OF DYNAMIC PLANT SIMULATION CODES. UNDER TASK 1) A COMPLETE LOAD PROFILE STUDY HAS BEEN CARRIED OUT. THE MAIN ELECTRICAL LOADS TO BE POWERED ARE THE MILKING AND COOLING AC MOTORS (220V, 30, 4.5 KW). MILKING IS MADE TWICE PER DAY, IN THE MORNING FROM 8:00 AM TO 11:00 AM, AND IN THE EVENING FROM 6:00 PM TO 9:00 PM. DURING THE FIRST 90 MINUTES OR EACH MILKING CYCLE, BOTH THE MILKING MOTOR (DEPRESSOR, 1,5 KW) AND THE COOLING MOTOR (COMPRESSOR, 2,9 KW) ARE WORKING, WHILE THE LAST 90 MINUTES OF EACH CYCLE, ONLY THE COOLING MOTOR REMAINS ON. THEREFORE, A MORELESS CONSTANT DAILY LOAD OF MORE OR LESS 22.1 KWH/DAY IS DEMANDED ALL OVER THE YEAR. OUT OF THE MILKING TIME, THE ONLY DEMAND ARE THE SMALL AC MOTORS: ELCTRIC FAN AND MILK SHAKER, INCLUDED IN THE BULK MILK TANK (2.000 1), PLUS THE DATA MONITORING SYSTEM, PUBLIC AND DOMESTING LIGHTING AND THE WATER PUMPS, TOTALIZING AND ELECTRIC DEMAND OF MORE OR LESS 2 KWH/DAY. THE AVERAGE WINTER IRRADIATION LEVEL AT THE LOCATION SITE IS MORE OR LESS 3.38 KWH/DAY. THE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF THE MAIN SUBSYSTEMS ARE ANALYSED IN TASK 1) AS FOLLOWS: PV MODULES, 47 WP EACH. V-I CURVES AS AFUNCTION OF BOTH TEMPERATURE AND IRRADIATION LEVELS. METEOROLOGICAL DATA: SUN POSITION (AZIMUT, HEIGHT) AS AFUNCTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES. AVERAGE MONTHLY TEMPERATURES. CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA. TILTED AND HORIZONTAL IRRADIATION DATA. BATTERY CAPACITY AT DIFFERENT DISCHARGE RATES. INVERTER EFFICIENCY AT DIFFERENT LOADS AND SELF-CONSUMPTION. UNDER TASK 2) THE ACTUAL COMPONENT CHARACTERISTICS, INCLUDING THE DATA MONITORING SYSTEM WILL BE TESTED AND EVALUATED. THE RESULTS FROM TASK 1) AND 2) WILL BE USED AS INPUT DATA TO THE COMPUTERIZED FINAL DESIGN OF SUBSYSTEMS. BESIDES, TASKS ON THE DATA MONITORING SYSTEM INCLUDE THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOFTWARE PACKAGE, AS WELL AS THE SIMULATION OF PERFORMANCE AND MATCHING TO THE DATA LOGGER OF THE DIFFERENT SENSORS, WARNINGS AND CONTROL SYSTEMS USED.
4621	EN3S0128	nan	TERSCHELLING REPAIR AND OPTIMIZATION PROJECT					1987-10-01	1991-04-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	The control strategy for grid connected operation has been improved and now functions satifactorily. The overall performance during grid operation was not as good as predicted, mainly due to the malfunction of the maximum power point trackers and decreased battery capacity. The connection of the photovoltaic generater to the battery should be changed to increase system performance and reliability. The function of the photovoltaic generator poses no problems, but problems do arise with the wind generator, the AC power management and the coverage. The feasibility of autonomous operation has been proved, and can be realised in 2 hours. Coverage of the current load demand is calculated to amount to approximately 62% annually with this system. Extension of the coverage can only be achieved by considerable extension of the photovoltaic/wind system, or, more economically by using a back up diesel generator. In this system, reactive power can be satisfacterily compensated using fixed compensation capacitors and a 6O kVA synchronous generator. Simplification of the system has been achieved by connecting the wind turbine to the accumulators by a diode bridge. The number of start up/shut down actions of the wind turbine has been reduced by making it possible to disconnect the capacitors on the asynchronous generator. The inverter is used to supply power to the 3-phase AC grid from the photovoltaic generator and the battery. The efficiency of the inverter in the lower load range is less than that reported in 1983. The measured overall efficiency is 87 \ – 2%, the calculated value is 88.5%. The chosen nominal power of 50 kW is not optimum for grid connected operation. Computer simulation shows that an inverter with 30 kW nominal power would have the highest energy yeild in the Terschelling system, when operating without a battery. For operation with a battery, the optimum power of the inverter is 20 kW. In a grid connected system, the size of the inverter in a photovoltaic system should be based on the whole system, calculated using a computer design code. In an autonous system, the inverter size must be based on the maximum load. The battery consists of a 360 cells Varta Bloc 2305 (250 Ah). It is of the posted rod plate type with 1.6% antimony and microporous polyester separaters reinforced with fibre. The battery is divided in 2 parallel banks of 180 cells of 2V nominal. During normal operation, differences sometimes arise in the performance of the 2 battery groups. At lower charge currents and at discharge, the currents within the 2 battery banks are in good agreement. The apparent internal resistance can be calculated to be about 0.6 ohms during charge and 0.45 ohms during discharge. This means that the capacity which can be taken from the battery before the final voltage is reached has become small, especially at higher currents. During periods of charge/discharge, a hysteresis in the voltage occurs of about \ – 0.05 V per cell. After disconnecting the battery, it takes 2hours for the battery to reach equilibrium. Half of this voltage change takes approximately 30 minutes. After restart of charge/discharge, half of this voltage change takes about 5 minutes. At a current of 12 A, the capacity decreased by about 35%. Increased internal resistance of the battery means that it will not be possible to obtain more than 30 kW of power for the AC grid. Corrosion of the positive grid and sulphonation of the negative plates cause ageing of the battery. The former is probably caused by overcharging by the reconditioning rectifier and by extended periods of gassing, and the latter is caused by prolonged discharge without effective recharge. The corrosion can severly weaken the weld between the positive plate lugs and group bar. Fracturing could ignite an explosion. The Lagerwey LW 15/75 wind turbine with 30 metre hub height was selected for the project after a feasibility study concluded that it would have the best economical performance, in comparison with other turbines in the 50 to 80 kWh energy range. Energy output calculations were performed using the Ecofys program, WINDPRO. The power curve of the wind turbine has been determined and was in accordance with expectations. The energy production was lower than expected due to regular down situations caused by turbine imbalance, which has now been improved by the manufacturer. At a windspeed of 5 m/s, the noise level of the turbine is 92.2 dB. The turbine does not use air brakes for the protection of the turbine, which means a reduction in noise levels. The function of a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) is to ensure that the photovoltaic generator operates at the maximum of its current voltage characteristic. The efficiency of the MPPT DC/DC converters have been assessed. The efficiency curve of some MPPTs in the photovoltaic generator has been measured, and found to be lower than the expected curve. Due to conversion losses, the use of MPPTs can be estimated to lead to a yearly energy production loss of 350 kWh, compared to a direct coupling of the photovoltaic arrays to batteries via a diode. The maximum power point (MPP) tracking concept does not function properly. The production of an array with an MPPT becomes relatively lower at higher levels of solar irradiation. It is estimated that the malfunctioning MPP tracking concept can cause an energy loss of more than 30% compared with an array directly coupled to batteries. The photovotaic (PV) generator consists of 2748 polycrystalline silicon modules (AEG PQ/10/20/01) and has a nominal rated power of 50 kW. The principal problems associated with it are glass cracks, cable cracks, earth leaks, and cable ducts. Every year 5 to 8 new glass cracks occur, of which 2 to 5 arise from incorrect fastening, and around 3 arise from vandalism. On average, around 6 cable cracks occur per year which can occur at any place on the cable. The number of cracks occurring in the cable ducts has decreased, while the number of cracks where the cables leave the modules has increased. About 2 modules with earth leaks are detected per year, which mostly have to be replaced since repair is rarely possible. New cable ducts have been fitted with rubber kit and cable ties, which are resistant to weather and seawater, and adhere well to both polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and galvanised iron. Aluminium tape on the top side of the ducts prevents accelerated ageing of the material by ultraviolet radiation. The new ducts reduce moisture penetration and are more accessible for cable repair. The 14 arrays of the PV generater measured have shown no significant deterioration after 5 years in operation. The performance of the PV generator has improved because of repair of defects. It needs yearly repair for optimum operation. THE TERSCHELLING PV/WIND PLANT WAS ERECTED IN 1983 WITHIN THE EUROPEAN PV PILOT PLANT PROGRAM. THE SYSTEM IS USED TO SUPPLY ELECTRICITY TO A MARINE TRAINING SCHOOL AND FOR RESEARCH ON THE SYSTEM LEVEL. ECOFYS IS CARRYING OUT THE TERSCHELLING REPAIR AND OPTIMIZATION PROJECT. WITHIN THIS PROJECT SYSTEM COMPONENTS HAVE BEEN IMPROVED IN 1987 AND 1988. THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE HAS IMPROVED CONSIDERABLY SINCE THEN. FROM THE SECOND HALF OF 1988 TO 1990 THE CONTROL OF TE SYSTEM IS BEING OPTIMIZED, STARTING IN THE FIRST 6 MONTHS FROM NOW WITH THE CONTROL OF THE BATTERY SUB-SYSTEM. THEN THE CONTROL OF THE POWER CONDITIONERS AND THE ELECTRICITY DEMAND WILL BE OPTIMIZED DURING GRIDCONNECTION. IN THE LAST PERIOD THE CONTROL OF THE SYSTEM WILL BE OPTIMIZED DURING AUTONOMOUS OPERATION. IN THIS PERIOD SPECIAL ATTENTION WILL BE GIVEN TO THE REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION AND THE COMBINATION OF THE TWO RENEWABLE SOURCES. A WORKSHOP ABOUT THE LESSONS LEARNED WITH THIS SYSTEM IS PLANNED IN 1990. THE PV/WIND PLANT HAS SCORED IN ITS FIVE YEARS OF EXISTENSE VARYING SUCCESS. THOUGH THE PRODUCED ENERGY WAS LESS THAN EXPECTED IT CAN BE CONCLUDED THAT THIS IN PRINCIPLE WAS NOT DUE TO THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES: THE PV MODULES OR THE WIND TURBINE. SMALL PROBLEMS LIKE CABLE CRACKS HAVE CAUSED ENERGY PRODUCTION LOSSES. MANY OF THESE PROBLEMS HAVE ALREADY BEEN RECOGNISED AND IMPROVED IN NEWER PRODUCTS.
4651	EN3S0024	nan	STUDY ON NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN SOLAR THERMAL HIGH TEMPERATURE CONVERSION					1986-04-01	1987-03-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan
4653	EN3S0150	PASSYS	THE DEVELOPMENT OF PASSIVE SOLAR COMPOMENTS : THE PORTUGUESE PARTICIPATION					1988-01-01	1989-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan
4680	EN3S0007	nan	EVALUATION OF THE EXPERIENCE GAINED WITH THE EC PHOTOVOLTAIC PILOT PROJECTS.					1985-04-01	1985-09-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan
4803	EN3S0208	nan	USE OF SOLAR DERIVED ELECTRICITY IN PASSENGER CARS					1989-05-01	1990-07-15		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan
4851	EN3S0016	nan	ASSESSMENT OF PHOTOVOLTAIC R&D ACTIVITIES IN THE EC					1985-11-01	1988-04-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan
4895	EN3S0032	PASSYS	PASSIVE SOLAR SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT IN CLOSE COLLABORATION WITH BRE (WATFORD) AND ABACUS (GLASGOW).					1987-01-01	1989-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan
4897	EN3S0164	nan	ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOUR OF PHOTOVOLTAIC A-SI:H MODULES COUPLED TO A LOAD UNDER NATURAL SOLAR EXPOSURE.					1988-11-01	1991-10-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan
4909	EN3M0102	nan	CONTRAT D’EXPERT TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN THE FIELD OF THERMAL SOLAR ENERGY					1988-12-15	1989-08-15		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan
5037	EN3S0108	nan	TESTS IN SITU DE REFRIGERATEURS SOLAIRES A FONCTIONNEMENT INTERMITTANT					nan	1981-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan
5054	EN3S0125	nan	EXPERIMENTATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PV PILOT PLANT AT KWA					1989-06-01	1991-05-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan
5118	EN3S0205	nan	VERBUND EINER PHOTOVOLTAIK- MIT EINER KRAFTWAERMEKOPPELUNGSA NLAGE IM NETZVERBUND					1988-11-01	1991-10-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan
5119	EN3S0209	nan	HYDROGENATED AMORPHUS SILICON SOLAR CELLS BY DISILANE LPCVD (2^ PHASE)					1989-01-01	1990-06-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan
5126	EN3S0100	nan	DEVELOPMENT OF A SOLID-STATE INVERTER FOR PV APPLICATIONS					1986-09-01	1988-08-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan
5150	EN3S0166	nan	EXPERIMENTATION OF PV WATER PUMPS IN VIEW OF THEIR OPTIMI- ZATION					1989-01-01	1990-08-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan
5163	EN3S0008	nan	EVALUATION OF THE 2ND EC PHOTOVOLTAIC PROGRAMME WITH RESPECT TO THE PROGRESS MADE IN THE FIELD OF THINFILM SOLAR CELLS					1985-09-01	1986-08-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan
5451	EN3S0068	nan	RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON SPRAYED CDS-CUINSE2 THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS.					1986-04-01	1989-03-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THIS WORK IS A PART OF AN EUROPEAN RESEARCH PROGRAMME ON CHALCOPYRITE SEMICONDUCTORS IN THE GOAL TO FABRICATE CDS-CUINSE2 SOLAR CELLS ENTIRELY SPRAYED. The development of efficient thin film solar cells based on compound semiconductors, and ,in particular, chalcogenides and chalcopyrites, has been investigated with particular regard to the relevant material and device parameters. The preparation of thin films by low cost deposition techniques such as evaporation, sputtering, spray pyrolysis, selenisation and laser recrystallisation has been studied. THE PURPOSE OF THIS RESEARCH WORK WAS THE ELABORATION OF LOW COST SOLAR CELLS BY THE WAY OF A NON SOPHISTICATED METHOD WHICH INVOLVES A CHEMICAL SPRAY PYROLYSIS PROCESS. THE BACKWALL SOLAR CELL IS CONSTITUTED BY A STACK OF LAYERS AS FOLLOWS: I.T.O./DOPED CDS/CDS/CU|NSE2/TOP CONTACT. DIFFERENT STUDIES WITH TWO DIFFERENT SPRAY APPARATUS WERE UNDERTAKEN IN THE GOAL TO OBTAIN GOAD QUALITIES SPARYED LAYERS WITH CRYSTALLINITY AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES QUITE SIMILAR TO THOSE OBTAINED AN EVAPORATED MATERIALS. THE ABSORBER LAYER IS THE MORE CRITICAL TO OBTAIN HIGH SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT: AFTER DIFFERENT TESTS THE USE OF TWO THIN CU|NAW2 LAYERS IN PLACE OF ONLY ONE WAS NEEDED TO OBTAIN A SIGNIFICANT EFFICIENCY. WE HAVE SHOWN THAT THE SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT VALUE WAS CLOSELY RELATED TO THE VARIATION OF THE ATOMIC RATIO OF THE FIRST ACTIVE CULNSE2 LAYERS IN PLACE OF ONLY ONE WAS NEEDED TO OBTAIN A SIGNIFICANT EFFICIENCY. WE HAVE SHOWN THAT THE SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT VALUE WAS CLOSELY RELATED TO THE VARIATION OF THE ATOMIC RATIO OF THE FIRST ACTIVE CULNSE2 LAYER (WHICH IS CLOSED TO CDS) WHEREAS THE PHOTOVOLTAGE IS PRACTICALLY CONSTANT WITH A VALUE BETWEEN 250 AND 270 MV. HOWEVER THIS PHOTOVOLTAGE VALUE IS LOW COMPARED TO VALUES OBTAINED BY OTHER FABRICATION METHODS ESPECIALLY THERMAL EVAPORATION. AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE JUNCTION INTERFACE INCREASES THE PHOTOTENSION: EFFECTIVELY THE SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF THE ACTIVE CDS LAYER NEAR THE JUNCTION IS DISRUPTED BY AGLOMERATE OF DISORIENTED CRYSTALLITES. A DECREASE IN THE CDS AND DOPED CDS THICKNESSES AND ALSO THE USE OF ANOTHER DOPANT IN INSTEAD OF A| FOR THE DOPED CDS LAYER ENHANCES THE OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE. MOREOVER THE USE OF THE SAME APPARATUS (NAMED B) WITH A LINEAR SPRAY SWEEPING TO SPRAY ALL THE PHOTOCELLS LAYERS INSTEAD OF ONE (NAMED A) TO SPRAY THE CDS LAYERS AND ANOTHER ONE(NAMED B) TO SPRAY THE I.T.O. AND CULNSE2 FILMS IMPROVES THE PHOTOVOLTAIC PARAMETERS. HOWEVER A FURTHER OPTIMIZATION OF EACH CDS LAYER WAS NEEDED PARTICULARY BY ACTING ON THE MOLAR CONCENTRATION AND ADJUSTING THE (IN) DOPANT CONCENTRATION IN THE WAY TO DECREASE THE CDS RESISTIVITY. AT THAT TIME THE BEST EFFICIENCY OBTAINED ON 1 CM2 AREA IS 3.6% WITH ISC = 31 MA, VOC = 275 MV, FF = 0.42. THESE VALUES ARE VERY REPRODUCIBLE.
5471	EN3S0079	nan	OPTIMIZATION OF HIGH EFFICIENCY MULTILAYER SOLAR CELLS BASED ON III/V COMPOUNDS.					1986-07-01	1988-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE OBJECTIVE OF OUR ACTIVITIES IS TWOFOLD. THE FIRST IMPORTANT ISSUE IS THE MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION, MAINLY BY SIMS IN ORDER TO OPTIMIZE THE QUALITY OF EPITAXIALLY GROWN LAYERS. THE SECOND AIM IS THE IMPROVEMENT OF HETEROFACE SOLAR CELL PERFORMANCE. VERY GOOD RESULTS HAVE BEEN OBTAINED IN BOTH AREA’S The research studied the characterisation of materials, mainly by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), with the aims of optimising the quality of epitaxially grown layers and the improvement of heterophase solar cell performance. We developed a simulation program to calculate the theoretical spectral response curves of various structures. By changing the structural conditions of the layers to be grown, a prediction of solar cell performance can be made. We calculated the effect of a reflecting mirror grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) in the buffer layer of a solar cell as a function of emitter thickness, base thickness and aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) window conditions. APPART FROM A SUPPORTING TASK OF THE ANALYSES APPARATURE, AN IMPROVEMENT OF THE DETECTION LIMIT FOR OXYGEN IN BULK MATERIAL HAS BEEN OBTAINED FOR BOTH ALGAAS (1X10 E17 CM-E3) AND GAAS (5X10 E17CM-E3) LAYERS. THREE DIFFERENT ASPECTS ARE INVOLVED IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE SECOND ACTIVITY: SOLAR CELL STRUCTURE DESIGN, IMPROVEMENT OF EPITAXIAL MATERIAL QUALITY AND PROCESSING. ALTHOUGH WE HAVE BEEN MODELING SOLAR CELL PERFORMANCE USING DEVICE SIMULATION PROGRAMS TO CLARIFY THE MERITS OF VARIOUS DESIGNS, THE IMPORTANT IMPROVEMENTS WE HAVE MADE WERE A CONSEQUENCE OF CAREFULL PROCESSING. BESIDES A HIGHER MATERIAL QUALITY WE INDEED DEVELLOPED A BETTER FABRICATION TECHNIQUE, ESPECIALLY FOR THE ANTI-REFLECTION COATINGS. THE SOLAR CELLS ARE GROWN BY MBE ON A 2 INCH GAAS WAFER. THE BASIC CELL STRUCTURE CONSISTS OF AN N\ EMITTER ON A P-TYPE BASE. THE THICKNESS OF THE EMITTER IS 400 NM, THE BASE CONSISTS OF TWO DIFFERENTLY DOPED P AND P\ TYPE GAAS LAYERS EACH 2 ‘MU’ THICK. THE HEAVILY DOPED BUFFER LAYER SERVES AS A MINORITY CARRIER MIRROR. THE THICKNESS OF THE WIDE GAP A1 0.9GA 0.1 AS WINDOW LAYER IS REDUCED TO 50 NM AND CAN EVEN BE MADE THINNER TO AVOID ABSORPTION OF PHOTONS WITH AN ENERGY VALUE ABOVE 2 EV AS IS CLEAR FORM THE BUMP IN THE SPECTRAL RESPONSE CURVE. THE BEST CELL WITH AN AREA OF 0.43 CM2 REACHED AN EFFICIENCY OF 21.5 %.
5472	EN3S0062	nan	NARROW BAND-GAP ALLOYS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF EFFICIENCY OF AMORPHOUS SILICON-BASED SOLAR CELLS					1986-06-01	1989-05-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THIS RESEARCH WORK UNDERTAKEN IN SEVERAL FRENCH LABORATORIES IS DIRECTED TOWARD THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE EFFECIENCY OF THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS. THE RESEARCH IS ESSENTIALLY AIMED AT PREPARING DEVICE-QUALITY SIGE ALLOYS. ALLOYS WERE SYNTHESIZED IN THE GLOW DISCHARGE ARCAM REACTOR FROM SIH4:GEH4:H2. TWO DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES WERE INVESTIGATED: THE HYDROGEN DILUTION METHOD AND THE ION BOMBARDMENT METHOD. THE FIRST ONE CONSISTS IN SATURING WITH HYDROGEN THE GROWING SURFACE OF THE FILM TO DECREASE THE STICKING COEFFICIENT OF THE IMPINGING SPECIES THUS ALLOWING RELAXATIONS TO ENERGETICALLY FAVORABLE SITES. THE SECOND ONE CONSISTS IN TAKING ADVANTAGES OF THE ION MOMENTUM TRANSFER TO THE REACTIVE SPECIES ADSORBING ON THE GROWING FILM SURFACE, WHILE AVOIDING ION INDUCED DAMAGE BY IMPLEMENTATION. IN OTHER WORDS, ION BOMBARDMENT AT A MODERATE ENERGY (50 EV) INDUCES A DRASTIC CHANGE OF THE FILM GROWTH PROCESS LEADING TO DENSIFICATION OF THE MATERIAL AND A MODIFICATION OF HYDROGEN INCORPORATION AND BONDING MODES. THE MOST INTERESTING RESULTS WERE OBTAINED FOR SPECIMENS PREPARED AT TS = 135 DEGEES CELCIUS. WHEN A PROGRESSIVELY NEGATIVE BIAS IS APPLIED NO CHANGE IN THE FILM COMPOSITION IS OBSERVED, BUT THE TAUC OPTICAL GAP IS DECREASED FROM 1.67 TO 1.45 EV (FIG.1), THE DEPOSITION RATE IS INCREASED, -SIH2 AND -(SIH2)N-BONDING CONFIGURATIONS ARE REDUCED AND THE PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY IS INCREASED (FIG.2). BOTH PREPARATION TECHNIQUES ALLOW TO PREPARE DEVICE-QUALITY ALLOYS HAVING THE FOLLOWING PHYSICAL PROPERTIES : 1.45-1.5 EV TAUC OPTICAL GAP, TOTAL SPIN DENSITY: 5 X 10E16 CM E-3, URBACH TAIL PARAMETER:50 MEV, SMALL IR ABSORPTION AT 2100CM E-1 AND SMALL CONCENTRATION OF WEAKLY BONDED HYDROGEN, PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY TO DARK PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY RATIO = 10E4. FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL STUDIES LIKE X-RAY DIFFRACTION, SOFT X-RAY ABSORPTION, ESR, TIME OF FLIGHT, CAPACITANCE AND PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY WERE CARRIED OUT ON THE OPTIMIZED MATERIALS. DEVICE STRUCTURES LIKE SCHOTTKY BARRIERS WERE ALSO STUDIED.
5483	EN3S0077	nan	HIGH EFFICIENCY THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS UPGRADED METALLURGICAL GRADE SILICON SUBSTRATES.					1986-09-01	1988-08-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL OF EPITAXIAL SOLAR CELLS ON UPGRADED METALLURGICAL GRADE SILICON SUBSTRATES FOR HIGH EFFICIENCY LOW COST PHOTOVALTICS. ABOUT 10 KG SILICON INGOTS HAVE BEEN GROWN BY USING THE BRIDGMAN-STOCKBARGER TECHNIQUE SET UP BY PRAGMA AND ALREADY USED FOR PILOT PRODUCTION PURPOSES OF OFF-GRADE POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON INGOTS. THE INGOTS HAVE BEEN GROWN BY DELIBERATELY DOPING EG SILICON WITH DIFFERENT AMOUNT OF DOPANTS AND FULLY CHARACTERIZED FOR PV PROPERTIES, BY MANUFACTURING AND TESTING 10X10 CM2, DIFFUSE JUNCTION CELLS. ON THIS MATERIAL SYSTEMATIC OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION WILL BE CARRIED OUT IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND THE ROLE AND THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF THE IMPURITIES COMPATIBLE WITH GOOD PV PERFORMANCES. BY THE SAME DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION TECHNIQUE MG SILICON INGOTS HAVE BEEN ONCE AND TWICE RECRYSTALLIZED. THE MG SILICON WAS DELIVERED BY SAMIM ABRASIVI OF ENI GROUP COMPANY IN PARTNERSHIP WITH PRAGMA FOR UPGRADED MG SILICON DEVELOPMENT. THE MG FEEDSTOCK WAS BLENDED WITH 50% OF EG SILICON AND FROM THE INGOTS OF FIRST CRYSTALLIZATION WAS OBTAINED TWO INGOTS OF SECOND CRYSTALLIZATION. A PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC PROPERTIES WAS CARRIED OUT IN PRAGMA BY PROCESSING A STOCK OF ABOUT 60 WAFERS CARRING FROM THESE INGOTS. THE MEAN PV EFFICIENCY VALUE REACHED WAS IN EXCESS 5.5% FOR BOTH THE INGOTS. ON WAFERS CARRING FROM ONE OF THESE INGOTS EPI-LAYER SOLAR CELLS WERE REALIZED BY IMEC GROUP REACHING A TOP EFFICIENCY OF ABOUT 12%.
5486	EN3S0067	nan	THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS BASED ON CU(GA,IN)SE2 CHALCOPYRITE SEMICONDUCTORS.					1986-01-01	1988-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE PROJECT AIMS TO REALIZE EFFICIENT THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS WITH CHALCOPYRITE SEMICONDUCTORS AS ABSORBER MATERIAL. EITHER SINGLE JUNCTION DEVICES WITH OPTIMIZED BANGAP OR TANDEM SYSTEMS ARE DEVELOPED. THE WORK IS PERFORMED IN COLLABORATION WITH THE UNIVERSITIES OF PARMA (PROF. ROMEO), MONTPELLIER (PROF. SAVELLI), NEWCASTLE POLYTECHNIQUE (PROF. HILL), AND ENSC DE PARIS (DR. VEDEL). CU(GA,IN)SE2 THIN FILMS ARE DEPOSITED BY SIMULTANEOUS VACUUM EVAPORATION OF THE SINGLE ELEMENTS FROM SPECIAL SOURCES. FILMS WITH COMPOSITIONS Y IN THE WHOLE RANGE OF THE QUATERNARY SYSTEM CUGAY IN1-Y SE2 HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED. THE OPTICAL BANDGAP VARIES NEARLY LINEARLY WITH COMPOSITION FROM 1.04 TO 1.68 EV. ONLY P-TYPE CONDUCTIVITY STRONGLY DEPENDENT ON THE CU/GA \ IN RATIO HAVE BEEN OBSERVED. HETEROJUNCTIONS HAVE BEEN FABRICATED BY EVAPORATING GA-DOPED (ZN, CD)S OR ZNO FILMS ONTO THE ABSORBER LAYER. SOLAR CELL EFFICIENCIES OF CELLS WITH COMPOSITIONS Y =0, 0.5, 1 ARE 8.4, 2.7, 5.8 %. FIRST RESULTS ON FILMS FABRICATED BY SELENIZATION OF METAL FILMS HAVE DEMONSTRATED THE FEASIBILITY OF THIS POSSIBLY LOW-COST METHOD.
5525	EN3S0073	nan	GAAS THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS OBTAINED BY VAPOUR PHASE HOMOEPITAXY (VPE) ON REUSABLE SUBSTRATES.					1986-01-01	1989-06-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	AIM OF THIS WORK IS THE FABRICATION OF SINGLE CRYSTAL GAAS HOMOJUNCTION SOLAR CELLS, FEW MICROMETERS THIN WITH A CONVERSION EFFICIENCY SIMILAR TO THAT OF THICK DEVICES. MOREOVER THE FABRICATION PROCESS WILL ALLOW TO REUTILIZE THE SAME GAAS SUBSTRATE FOR SEVERAL TIMES GETTING A DRASTIC REDUCTION OF THE COSTS. OUR APPROACH TOWARDS HIGH-EFFICIENCY LOW-COST SOLAR CELLS IS TO USE THIN FILM (5-10 UM) SINGLE-CRYSTAL GAAS SOLAR CELLS, FOLLOWING THE CLEFT APPROACH DEVELOPED AT MIT. THIS PROCESS, ALLOWING TO FABRICATE SEVERAL THIN FILM SINGLE-CRYSTAL GAAS SOLAR CELLS REUTILIZING THE SAME GAAS SUBSTRATE AFTER EACH RUN, IS BASED ON THE EPITAXIAL LATERAL OVERGROWTH OF GAAS LAYERS OVER PHOTOLITHOGRAPHICALLY MASKED MONOCRYSTALLINE SUBSTRATES, BY TAKING ADVANTAGE FROM THE DEPENDENCE OF THE GROWTH RATE ON THE CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION IN THE ASCL3-GA VAPOUR PHASE EPITAXY (VPE). THE USE OF GAALAS AS TOP PASSIVATING LAYER IS NOT ALLOWED, THEREFORE P-N SHQLLOW HOMOJUNCTION DEVICES HAVE TO BE FABRICATED, WITHOUT AHMIC CONTACT THERMAL ALLOYING. A VPE SYSTEM HAS BEEN DESIGNED, FABRICATED AND OPTIMIZED TO GROW P AND N-DOPED GAAS LAYERS WITH THE PROPER TRANSPORT PROPERTIES. SINCE THE MOST SUITABLE SUBSTRATES FOR THE CLEFT PROCESS ARE <110> ORIENTED (LATERAL TO VERTICAL GROWTH RATE RATIO = 10-20) THE GROWTH CONDITIONS ON THESE SUBSTRATES HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED AND OPTIMIZED TOO. THE TECHNOLOGY OF FABRICATION AND CLEAVING OF THIN GAAS FILMS FROM THE SUBSTRATE HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY ACHIEVED. THE BEST SHALLOW HOMOJUNCTION SOLAR CELL SHOWS A CONVERSION EFFICIENCY OF 15% (100 MW/SQCM, AM1.5), MAINLY LIMITED BY JSC (22 MA/SQCM), EVEN IF BOTH VOC (925 MV) AND FF (.73) CAN BE FURTHER IMPROVED. OUR SUCCESSFUL RESULTS TOGETHER WITH THE VERY RECENT REALIZATION AT THE KOPIN CORP. OF BOTH 2′ DIAMETER 10 UM THICK CELL MAKE VERY PROMISING THE CLEFT APPROACH AND ENCOURAGE US TO CONTINUE OUR RESEARCH ACTIVITY.
5529	EN3S0080	nan	OPTIMIZATION OF HIGH EFFICIENCY MULTILAYER SOLAR CELLS BASED ON III-V COMPOUNDS.					1986-01-01	1989-05-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	DURING THE LAST PERIOD, WE STARTED A RESEARCH AIMED AT THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE CUINSE2/ZNCDS SOLAR CELL (CIS/ZNCDS) BY USING A CIS ‘DOUBLE-LAYER’ FILM, THAT IS, BY DEPOSITING AN IN-RICH LAYER ON TOP OF A CU-RICH LAYER. SOLINFO is a program that aims to stimulate interest in the incorporation of passive solar energy design and energy efficiency into architectural attitudes. DUE TO THEIR HIGH CONDUCTIVITY THE HEAVILY DOPED N-TYPE GAAS WAFERS CAN BE USED FOR MANUFACTORING HIGH-EFFICIENCY SOLAR CELL. HOWEVER, IN ORDER TO GET DEVICES (EITHER BY DIFFUSION OR EPITAXY) WITH SUPERIOR PERFORMANCES IT IS NECESSARY TO ELIMINATE STRUCTURAL MICRO AND MACRO-DEFECT FROM THE BULK CRYSTALS AS WELL AS TO IMPROVE THE ELECTRON MOBILITY AND THE HOLE DIFFUSION LENGHT. THIS STUDY WAS ADDRESSED TO ASSESS THE ROLE OF HIGH AMOUNTS OF DOPANTS (MAINLY SILICON AND SULPHUR) ON: DISLOCATION DENSITY, MICROPRECIPITATES, ELECTRON MOBILITY AND HOLE LIFETIME IN GAAS CRYSTALS GROWN BY THE LEC TECHNIQUE. SUBSTRATE CHARACTERIZATION WERE PERFORMED BY: HALL EFFECT AND C-V MEASUREMENTS, SEM (EBIC AND CATODOLUMINESCENCE) AND CHEMICAL ETCHING (MOLTEN KOH, A/B AND DSL ETCHS). THE MAIN CONCLUSIONS ARE: 1) DISLOCATION DENSITY WAS REDUCED BY HEAVY SILICON AND SULPHUR DOPING (N > 10 TO THE POWER 18 / CM3); 2) SILICON IS ADVANTAGEOUS WITH RESPECT TO SULPHUR AS IT CAN BE INTRODUCED UP TO HIGH CONCENTRATION WITHOUT PRECIPITATION PHENOMENA; 3) SI-IN CO-DOPING IS EFFECTIVE IN DECREASING THE DISLOCATION DENSITY IN THE 10 TO THE POWER 17 – 10 TO THE POWER 13 ELECTRON / CM3 RANGE; 4) IN SI DOPED CRYSTALS A DOPING LEVEL GIVING ELECTRON CONCENTRATIONS AROUND 10 TO THE POWER 17 / CM3 IS THE MOST APPROPRIATE FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF BOTH HOLE LIFETIME AND ELECTRON MOBILITY.
5531	EN3S0063	nan	LOW GAP ALLOYS FOR AMORPHOUS SILICON BASED SOLAR CELLS.					1986-01-01	1989-06-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE PROGRAM CONSTITUTES THE ITALIAN CONTRIBUTION TO A LARGER JOINT PROGRAM SUBMITTED BY FRENCH, ITALIAN, DUTCH AND SPANISH RESEARCH LABORATORIES, AIMED AT DEVELOPING AMORPHOUS SILICON-BASED ALLOYS EXHIBITING NARROW BAND-GAP TO BE USED AS EFFICIENT ABSORBERS IN THE LONG WAVELENGHT SPECTRAL REGION. THE AVAILABILITY OF SUCH A MATERIAL IS EXPECTED TO IMPROVE THE RESPONSE OF SINGLE-JUNCTION SOLAR CELLS AND TO ALLOW THE PREPARATION OF TANDEM SOLAR CELLS. By using optimized deposition conditions, low gap (1.4-1.5 eV) silicon germanium alloys, showing a density of states as low as 1-2E16 per cubic centimetre, have been grown. These materials have been tested as absorbing materials for photovoltaic solar cells and preliminary devices show a conversion efficiency higher than 5%. In order to evaluate the effect on solar cell performances of decreasing the optical gap of the absorbing layer, a semiempirical model has been developed which takes into account experimental optical and transport properties. By this model, the behaviour of single and multiple junction pin devices can be evaluated as a function of the gap and the thickness of active layers. The model clearly shows that the best low gap alloys can be profitably used to prepare both single and tandem devices. In the first case, an efficiency of 10%, comparable to that of plain amorphous silicon devices, can be obtained while using a much thinner active layer, so improving the cell stability. In the second case, the use of 2 absorbing layers allows a significant increase of cell efficiency of about 14%. THE ACTIVITIES HERE DESCRIBED ARE THE ITALIAN CONTRIBUTION TO A LARGER PROGRAM JOINTLY CARRIED OUT BY ITALIAN, FRENCH, SPANISH AND DUTCH LABORATORIES.ON THE ITALIAN SIDE, ENEA (PORTICI) LABORATORY) WAS THE PROJECT LEADER AND THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND ENIRICERCHE (ENI GROUP) WERE THE OTHER PARTENRS. ABOUT TWENTY RESEARCHERS HAVE BEEN ENGAGED IN THE ACTIVITIES PERFORMED BY THE THREE TEAMS. EACH LABORATORY HAS LARGELY INCREASED ITS OWN EXPERIMENTAL FACILITIES AND HAS CONTRIBUTED BOTH TO THE PREPARATION OF SILICON ALLOYS AND TO THE SAMPLE CHARACTERIZATION. THE PROGRAM WAS AIMED TO PREPARE LOW GAP SILICON GERMANIUM ALLOYS TO BE USED AS ABSORBING MATERIALS IN SOLAR CELLS. SILICON – GERMANIUM ALLOYS WERE PREPARED BY STANDARD RF GLOW DISCHARGE TECHNIQUE, USING BOTH SINGLE AND MULTICHAMBER REACTORS, FROM MIXTURES OF SILANE, GERMANE AND HYDROGEN. IN ORDER TO PREPARE DEVICE QUALITY LOW GAP-GERMANIUM RICH ALLOYS, SEVERAL DEPOSITION PARAMETERS HAVE BEEN SYSTEMATICALLY VARIED, INCLUDING HYDROGEN DILUTION, SUBSTRATE TEMPERATURE, GAS PRESSURE AND RF POWER. HYDROGEN DILUTION WAS FOUND TO BE PARTICULARLY EFFECTIVE IN IMPROVING MORPHOLOGY AND PHOTOSENSITIVITY OF GERMANIUM RICH MATERIALS. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ALLOYS WAS DETERMINED BY ELECTRON MICROPROBE AND BY AUGER SPECTROSCOPY, USING A SCANNING SPECTROMETER ALSO EQUIPPED FOR IN-DEPHT PROFILING. MATERIALS WERE CHARACTERIZED BY IR AND OPTICAL ABSORPTION, PHOTOTHERMAL DEFLECTION SPECTROSCOPY (PDS), CONDUCTIVITY, AND SURFACE PHOTOVOLTAGE TECHNIQUE. CONDUCTIVITY AND PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS WERE PERFORMED IN A PLANAR CONFIGURATION. BY USING OPTIMIZED DEPOSITION CONDITIONS, LOW GAP (1.4 – 1.5 EV) SIGE ALLOYS, SHOWING A DENSITY OF STATES AS LOW AS 1 – 2X10 16 CM3 HAVE BEEN GROWN. THIS MATERIALS HAS BEEN TESTED AS ACTIVE LAYER FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR CELLS: PRELIMINARY SMALL AREA DEVICES(<1 CM2) SHOW A CONVERSION EFFICIENCY OF ABOUT 6%. IN ORDER TO EVALUATE THE ADVANTAGES PROVIDED BY THE AVAILABILITY OF A LOW GAP MATERIAL, A SEMI-EMPIRICAL MODEL HAS BEEN DEVELOPED, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT EXPERIMENTAL OPTICAL AND TRANSPORT PROPERTIES. BY THIS MODEL, THE BEHAVIOUR OF SINGLE AND MULTIPLE JUNCTION P-I-N DEVICES CAN BE EVALUATED AS A FUNCTION OF THE GAP AND THE THICKNESS OF ACTIVE LAYERS. THE MODEL CLEARLY SHOWS THAT OUR BERST LOW GAP ALLOYS (EG = 1.4 – 1.5 EV) CAN BE PROFITABLY USED TO PREPARE BOTH SINGLE AND TANDEM DEVICES. IN THE FIRST CASE, AN EFFICIENCY OF 10 %, COMPARABLE TO THAT OF PLAIN AMORPHOUS SILICON DEVICES, CAN BE OBTAINED WHILE USING A MUCH THINNER ACTIVE LAYER, SO IMPROVING THE CELL STABILITY. IN THE SECOND CASE, THE USE OF TWO ABSORBING LAYERS (1.75 AND 1.4 EV) ALLOWS A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE OF CELL EFFICIENCY UP TO ABOUT 14%.
5532	EN3S0075	nan	HIGH EFFICIENCY THIN-FILM SOLAR CELLS ON UPGRADED METALLURGICAL GRADE (UMG) SILICON SUBSTRATES.					1986-07-01	1989-06-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	TOGETHER WITH THREE OTHER EUROPEAN TEAMS, WE AIM AT PROVING THE FEASIBILITY OF EFFICIENT (12%) SOLAR CELLS ON CHEAP (1$/WP) CRYSTALLINE SI SUBSTRATES. The 3 main aspects of this work were the simulation and optimisation of epitaxial cells, the building and study of the cells, and the improvement of the initial upgraded metallurgical grade (UMG) silicon. Using several kinds of UMG polycrystals as substrates, we succeeded in making epitaxial cells with an efficiency between 11.5 and 12 %. Including the expected improvement of the emitter, the efficiency should surpass 12 %. Apart from the intermediate steps involved in epilayer growth, which remains the weak stage of the process economically, this technology is a simple and cheap one, because impure raw materials are used to grow the ingots and because an integral screen printing technology is used to complete the cells. THE TECHNICAL GOAL OF THE CONTRACT, WHICH WAS TO OBTAIN A CONVERSION EFFICIENCY OF 12% FOR EPITAXIAL CELLS GROWN ON UMG-SI SUBSTRATES, HAS BEEN REACHED. IN COOPERATION WITH M.CAYMAX (IMEC-LEUVEN), WE HAVE IN A FIRST STEP BUILT EPITAXIAL CELLS ON WAFERS CUT FROM DIFFERENT INGOTS FROM CNRS-VITRY, CGE, ITALSOLAR AND PHOTOWATT, AND OBTAINED THE FOLLOWING EFFICIENCIES: MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY WAS 11.7% AND 12.5% FOR A REFERENCE MONOCRYSTALLINE EPITAXIAL CELL. THESE RESULTS WERE OBTAINED USING THE SOLPRO CELL TECHNOLOGY, WHICH LEADS TO A RATHER DEEP P-N JUNCTION: AS A RESULT THE BLUE EFFICIENCY IS LOW AND MIGHT BE USING THE TECHNOLOGY DECELOPED LAST YEAR AT IMEC. THE COMPARISON WITH THE SIMULATED CURVES CALCULATED LAST YEAR SHOWS THAT THE EPILAYER DIFFUSION LENGTH LN IS LARGER THAN 100 MICRO M, A VERY GOOD VALUE WHICH EXPLAINS THE HIGH EFFICIENCY REACHED. THIS WORK CONFIRMS THAT FOR THIS TYPE OF CELLS THE SUBSTRATE SHOULD BE HIGHLY DOPED (0.02 – 0.06 OHMCM), AS EXPECTED THEORETICALLY. THE STUDY OF THE OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE ALSO CONFIRMS THE BENEFICIAL INFLUENCE OF THE BACK SURFACE FIELD AT THE SUBSTRATE/EPILAYER INTERFACE. IN A SECOND STEP, THESE RESULTS HAVE BEEN STILL IMPROVED BY TEXTURIZING THE BACK AND FRONT SURFACE OF THE WAFER IN A NAOH-KOH MIXTURE: AN EFFICIENCY OF 12% WAS REACHED. THIS WORK WAS MAINLY THE TASK OF LE HOANG THI TO AND LE QUANG NAM. ANOTHER PIECE OF WORK HAS BEEN THE TASK OF B. KAYALI AND R. SURYANARAYANAN; IT CONSISTS OF PREPARING ALTERNATIVE SUBSTRATES BY A PLASMA TORCH TECHNIQUE. THIS TECHNIQUE HAS BEEN MODELLIZED. ALSO, FROM A WACKER POWDER, WE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO OBTAIN A NUMBER OF WAFERS REACHING 5X5CM2 IN DIMENSIONS. THESE WAFERS ARE FAGILE (MICROCRACKS, HOLES) BUT THEIR ELECTRICAL QUALITY IS GOOD AND MAY STILL BE INCREASED BY AN EPILAYER DEPOSITION (LN > 60 MICRO M). AT THIS STAGE, NO SOLAR CELL COULD BE MADE ON SUCH WAFERS, DUE TO THE MICRO-HOLES THAT BRING SHORT CIRCUITS.
5547	EN3S0066	nan	KINETIC STUDY OF THE DEPOSITION PROCESS OF GLOW DISCHARGE HYDROGENATED SI FOR HIGH EFFICIENCY SOLAR CELLS.					1986-01-01	1988-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	AIM OF THIS PROJECT IS THE PLASMA DEPOSITION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC GOOD QUALITY AMORPHOUS SILICON FILMS WITH HIGH DEPOSITION RATE. FOR THIS THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE CHEMICAL PROCESSES OCCURING IN THE PLASMA PHASE AND ON THE GROWTH SURFACE IS CRUCIAL. ACCORDING TO OUR WORKPLAN, A NEW DIODE CONFIGURATION R.F. PLASMA REACTOR HAS BEEN SET UP. AN IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTIC OF THE PLASMAS GENERATED IN R.F. PARALLEL PLATE REACTOR IS THE PRESENCE OF SHEATH REGION AT BOTH POWERED (CATHODE) AND GROUNDED (ANODE) ELECTRODES. THE OBSERVED ASYMETRY, ALSO IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE POTENTIAL OF THE SURFACES WITH RESPECT TO THE PLASMA, GENERATES SPATIAL DISPHOMOGENEITY IN THE PLASMA PHASE; I.E. SPATIAL VARIATION OF ELECTRON TEMPERATURE (KTE) AND DENSITY (NE), AND OF DENSITY OF ALL THE REACTIVE SPECIES PRESENT IN THE PLASMA. WITH THIS RESPECT, THE SPATIALLY RESOLVED DIAGNOSTIC OF THE PLASMA PHASE CAN ASSUME A DETERMINANT ROLE FOR THE MODELLING OF THE PLASMA DEPOSITION SYSTEM. THIS ASPECT HAS BEEN INVESTIGATED IN THE LAST PART OF THE RESEARCH WORK BY UTILIZING OES AND LEP TECHNIQUES WITH SPATIAL RESOLUTION ALONG THE REACTOR AXIS. THIS HAS BEEN DONE BY MOVING THE ELECTRICAL PROBES IN THE ELECTRODE GAP BY MEANS OF AN EXTERNAL MANIPULATOR AND BY SAMPLING THE EMISSION OF A LIMITED PLASMA REGION THROUGH A MOVEABLE APPARATUS. THE NE AND KTE PROFILES OBTAINED IN SIH4-H2 PLASMA, UNDER TYPICAL CONDITION FOR THE DEPOSITION OF GOOD QUALITY MATERIAL, WELL EVIDENCES THE EXTENT OF THE CATHODE SHEATH, WHICH IS COMPARABLE WITH THE PLASMA VOLUME, AND ARE INDICATIVE OF A STRONG GRADIENT OF ELECTRICAL FIELD BETWEEN THE ELECTRODES. FROM THESE PRELIMINAR RESULTS IT IS WELL EVIDENT THAT THE SPATIALLY RESOLVED DIAGNOSTICS CAN BE FRUITFUL TO DESIGN A MAP OF THE MICROSCOPIC PARAMETERS IN PLASMA REACTOR AND CONSEQUENTLY TO GAIN A DEEPER INSIGHT IN DEPOSITION MODELLING.
5552	EN3S0074	nan	HIGH EFFICIENCY THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS ON UPGRADED METALLURGICAL GRADE SILICON SUBSTRATES.					1986-07-01	1989-06-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE AIM OF THIS RESEARCH PROJECT IS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF CHEAP POLYCRYSTALLINE SOLAR CELLS MADE BY THE INTEGRAL SCREENPRINTING TECHNIQUE IN EPITAXIAL LAYERS ON UMG-SI-SUBSTRATES. ONE POSSIBLE STRATEGY TO FABRICATE CHEAP SOLAR CELLS IS VIA THE INTEGRAL SCREEN PRINTING TECHNIQUE IN VERY PURE EPITAXIAL SI-LAYERS ON UMG-SI-SUBSTRATES. VARIOUS SUBSTRATES HAVE BEEN TESTED, SUCH AS POLY- AND MONOCRYSTALLINE WAFERS CZ PULLED FROM (U)MG-SI, AND WAFERS CASTED FROM VARIOUS QUALITIES OF (U)MG-SI BY THE SILSO, HEM (CNRS, PARIS), POLYX (LAB. DE MARCOUSSIS) AND DS (PRAGMA, ROME) TECHNIQUES. FROM ALL THESE, THE HEM AND POLYX AND, PROBABLY, THE DS-WAFERS TOO PROVE TO BE THE BEST CANDIDATES FOR EPI-SOLAR CELL SUBSTRATES. EFFICIENCIES ABOVE 10% ARE READILY OBTAINABLE AS IS INDICATED IN THE TABLE, AND THIS WITH A NOT COMPLETELY OPTIMISED EPI-LAYER DEPOSITION AND SCREEN PRINTING TECHNIQUE. A HIGH TEMPERATURE TREATMENT IN A H2-ENVIRONMENT ON MG-SI SILSO-SUBSTRATES CAN INCREASE THE JSC CONSIDERABLY, WHICH IS PROBABLY DUE TO THE OUTDIFFUSION OF IMPURITIES CONTAINED IN THE GRAINS AS WELL AS IN PRECIPITATES. FOR CELLS MADE IN HEAVILY B-DOPED MONOCRYSTALLINE WAFERS WITHOUT EPI-LAYER THE JSC-INCREASE IS A FUNCTION OF TREATMENT TIME, WHILE THE COVERAGE OF THE WAFER WITH AN EPI-LAYER MASKS ANY EFFECT OF THE HIGH TEMPERATURE TREATMENT AS COULD BE EXPECTED. ON UMG-POLYCRYSTALLINE WAFERS WITH EPI-LAYER ON THE OTHER HAND, THE BENIFICIAL INFLUENCE OF THIS TREATMENT IS STILL NOTICEABLE, WHICH SEEMS TO INDICATE THAT THERE MUST BE SOME FAST DIFFUSING IMPURITY, CONTAINED PROBABLY IN CARBIDE PRECIPITATES AND NOT COMPLETELY DRIVEN OUT BY THE OUTDIFFUSION TREATMENT. AN OPTIMIZATION OF THE EPI-LAYER RESISTIVITY ON CZ-PULLED UMG-SI SUBSTRATES INDICATES AN OPTIMAL VALUE OF ABOUT 3 OHM CM.
5558	EN3S0072	nan	GAAS THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS OBTAINED BY VAPOUR PHASE HOMOEPITAXY ON REUSABLE SUBSTRATES.					1986-01-01	1988-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	MATERIAL COST IS THE MAIN DRAWBACK OF GAAS SOLAR CELLS, FOR THIS REASON MAINLY CONCENTRATOR CELLS HAVE BEEN PREVIOUSLY STUDIED AND EXPERIMENTED. HOWEVER ANOTHER POSSIBILITY TO REDUCE THE COST CONTRIBUTION IS THE FABRICATION OF MONOCRYSTALLINE GAAS CELLS WITH A THICKNESS RANGING FROM 5 TO 10 MICROMETRES AND SUITABLE FOR FLAT PANEL SOLAR ARRAYS. AIM OF THIS WORK IS THE FABRICATION OF SINGLE CRYSTAL GAAS HOMOJUNCTION SOLAR CELLS, FEW MICROMETERS THIN WITH A CONVERSION EFFICIENCY SIMILAR TO THAT OF THICK DEVICES. THE OPTIMAL GROWTH DIRECTIONS ON THE GAAS SUBSTRATE SURFACE, CORRESPONDING TO THE MAXIMUM LATERAL GROWTH, HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED USING A CIRCULAR TEST PATTERN. SEVERAL EPITAXIAL STRUCTURES HAVE BEEN DEPOSITED USING THE VPE SYSTEM, ON (110) OREINTED SUBSTRATES MASKED WITH A SIO2 SLITMASK. BEFORE THE EPITAXIAL FILM BECOMES CONTINUOUS, THE SHPE OF THE GROWING FILM IS CHARACTERIZED BY FOUR GROWTH DIRECTIONS. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE GROWTH CONDITIONS (E.G. TEMPERATURE, AS MOLAR FRACTION, ETC.) AND THE FILM MORPHOLOGY HAVE BEEN STUDIED AND IDENTIFIED. THE LATERAL TO VERTICAL GROWTH RATE IS ABOUT ONE TO FIVE. SEVERAL FILMS, 10 UM THICK, HAVE BEEN SEPARATED FROM THE GAAS SUBSTRATE AND CHARACTERIZED FROM THE MORPHOLOGICAL POINT OF VIEW. CONTINUOUS FILMS UP TO 1CM2 HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFULLY OBTAINED SUITABLE TO MAKE HIGH EFFICIENCY, LIGHT-WIGHT, LOW-COST GAAS SOLAR CELLS. THE FABRICATION AND SEPARATION OF THIN GAAS FILMS FROM THE SUBSTRATE HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY ACHIEVED AND THE GAAS FILMS FROM THE SUBSTRATE HAS BEEN SUCCESSFULLY ACHIEVED AND THE GAAS SUBSTRATES HAVE BEEN REUTILIZED FOR FURTHER GROWTH PROCESSES. THIS IS THE FIRST TIME, TO OUR KNOWLEDGE, THAT THE CLEFT PROCESS DEVELOPED BY MIT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED IN AN ANOTHER LABORATORY.
5566	EN3S0084	nan	MEASUREMENT OF THE ELECTRIC POTENTIAL AT THE FRATURE EDGE OF A P-I-N JUNCTION EMPLOYING ELECTRON BEAM TECHNIQUES.					1986-07-01	1991-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	ESTABLISH THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL BASIS FOR A VIABLE EUROPEAN AMORPHOUS SILICON SOLAR CELL INDUSTRY. THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-EFFICIENCY A-SI SOLAR CELLS COULD BE ADVANCED BY EXAMINING THE POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION ACROSS THE P-I-N JUNCTION ON WHICH THE EFFICIENCY IS KNOWN TO DEPEND. THE MEASUREMENT OF THE SURFACE POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION ACROSS A FRACTURE EDGE OF THE P-I-N DEVICE PROMISES A SIMILAR BENEFIT. ELECTRON BEAM TESTING TECHNIQUES WHICH CAN PROVIDE HIGH SPATIAL RESOLUTION AND PRECISE SURFACE POTENTIAL MEASUREMENT WILL BE EMPLOYED IN ORDER TO OBTAIN THAT WAY THE INTERNAL ELECTRIC FIELD OF A P-I-N SOLAR CELL. THE PROPOSED TECHNIQUES CAN BE EXPECTED TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF A LATERAL RESOLUTION OF 0.1 MICROMETRE AND A VOLTAGE RESOLUTION OF 0.1 V. THE MAGNETICALLY FOCUSSED ELECTRON PROBE WILL BE SCANNED ACROSS THE APPROPRIATELY PREPARED FRACTURE EDGE OF THE DEVICE AND THE ELECTRONS RELEASED FROM THE SAMPLE WILL BE COLLECTED AND ANALYZED IN ORDER TO OBTAIN THE LOCAL POTENTIAL AT THE SURFACE FROM WHERE THE ELECTRONS STARTED. THE USE OF A SPECIALLY DESIGNED SINGLE POLE LENS BELOW THE SPECIMEN APPEARS TO BE A MOST PROMISING APPROACH. FRACTURE EDGES OF A-SI P-I-N JUNCTIONS ON GLASS SUBSTRATE AND, FOR COMPARISON, OF COMMERCIAL C-SI CELLS AND PC-SI CELLS HAVE BEEN PREPARED AND WERE STUDIED BY SEM TECHNIQUES WITH RESPECT TO TOPOLOGICAL SMOOTHNESS, BECAUSE IRREGULAR TOPOGRAPHICAL CONTRAST MAY OVERRIDE ANY POTENTIAL CONTRAST. SMOOTHING THE FRACTURE EDGE OF C-SI CELLS BY APPLYING DIAMOND POLISHING PASTE SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED THE UNWANTED STRUCTURES. FOR THIN A-SI P-I-N CELLS, OPTICAL POLISHING USING A CERIUM OXIDE SUSPENSION WAS PERFORMED AT VERY FLAT TILT ANGLES WITH RESPECT TO TETHE LAYER SURFACE. FOR FEASIBILITY DEMONSTRATION, FIRST POTENTIAL MEASUREMENTS ACROSS THE POLISHED FRACTURE EDGE OF A PC-SI CELL WERE CARRIED OUT BY USING A COMMERCIAL ELECTRON-BEAM TESTER. IN ORDER TO OVERCOME THE LIMITATIONS OF VOLTAGE AND SPATIAL RESOLUTION, AT FIRST A REVERSE BIAS VOLTAGE WAS APPLIED TO THE SAMPLE. WITH INCREASED BIAS VOLTAGE A BROADENING OF THE P-N JUNCTION WAS OBSERVED IN THE POTENTIAL MEASUREMENTS, IN QUALITATIVE AGREEMENT WITH THEORY.
5574	EN3S0083	nan	HIGH-EFFICIENCY THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS ON UPGRADED METALLURGICAL GRADE SILICON SUBSTRATES.					1986-05-01	1989-04-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	STUDY OF THE POTENTIAL OF THE EPITAXIAL GROWTH OF HIGH EFFICIENCY SOLAR CELLS ON UPGRADED METALLURGICAL GRADE SILICON SUBSTRATES. WE HAVE ALREADY SHOWN IN THE COURSE OF THE LAST YEARS THAT IN POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON OF METALLURGICAL ORIGIN DEEP LEVEL IMPURITIES COULD BE REMOVED EFFICIENTLY BY A SUITABLY PERFORMED CRYSTALLIZATION AND THAT, THEREFORE, THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF THIS MATERIAL ARE DOMINATED BY MICROSTRUCTURAL FEATURES AND BY NATIVE IMPURITIES SEGREGATION AT EXTENDED DEFECTS (GRAIN BOUNDARIES AND DISLOCATIONS). AIM OF THE WORK CARRIED OUT IN THE LAST YEAR WAS TO DEMONSTRATE AN ONE TO ONE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN SEGREGATION FEATURES AT GRAIN BOUNDARIES AND ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY. TO THIS SCOPE, MORPHOLOGICAL AND ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYCRYSTALLINE SAMPLE WAS CARRIED OUT, THESE LAST SELECTED FOR THEIR APPROPRIATE OXYGEN TO CARBON RATIOS. SIMS AND LBIC CHARACTERIZATION WAS FOUND APPROPRIATE FOR LOCAL CHEMICAL AND ELECTRICAL FEATURES DETERMINATION, WHILE A COMPARISON OF THE SECONDARY ELECTRONS MAP WITH THE EBIC MAP OF THE SAME SAMPLE WAS USED TO OBTAIN A MEASURE OF THE PARAMETER TR WHICH IS A MEASURE OF THE AVERAGE RECOMBINATION EFFICIENCY OF A SPECIFIC SAMPLE. THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS SHOW THAT TR VALUES ENTIRELY DPEND ON THE EXCESS OF OXYGEN VS CARBON CONTENT. IT FITS ALSO QUITE WELL WITH THE DEPENDENCE OF THE DIFFUSION LENGTH OF MINORITY CARRIERS ON THE OXYGEN EXCESS, TAKING A MINIMUM VALUE WHEN LD PEAKS TO ITS MAXIMUM VALUE.
5870	EN3S0212	nan	THE PHOTOVOLTAIC PILOT PLAN OF KYTHNOS					1989-01-01	1991-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	The Kythnos photovoltaic power plant has been in operation since 1983 and has a capacity of 100 kWp. During the last 2 years, various improvements have been made to the system. A new reliable line commutated 6-pulse thyristor inverter has been installed. At 170 V direct current, the efficiency of the inverter was 93% at full load. New lightning protection has been added. Rods have been placed around the generator to prevent direct strikes, and arrestors have been installed at both ends of the cabling between the generator and the converter to block transients. New data monitoring units have been installed. The isolated situation of the plant demands reliable automatic supervision and monitoring. Maximum power point regulation ensures that the maximum power is always extracted from the arrays. The possibility of altering the tilt angle of the arrays seasonally to increase output has been investigated.
5912	EN3S0109	nan	COORDINATION AND CONTROL OF PHOTOVOLTAIC PILOT PLANT IMPROVEMENT AND SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS					1987-07-01	1989-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE 16 PHOTOVOLTAIC PILOT PLANTS,CO-FINANCED BY THE COMMISSION,CONSTITUTE A UNIQUE GROUP IN EUROPE.THEY ARE PARTICULARY APPROPRIATE AS A BASIS FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THIS TECHNOLOGY.FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES TO PRESERVE THE TECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF THE PV PILOT PLANTS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED.THESE ACTIVITIES HAVE TO BE COORDINATED AND CONTROLLED IN THE FRAME OF THIS CONTRACT. Work has been conducted on the technical coordination and control of photovoltaic power plant investigations. Key activities and accomplishments were as follows: compilation of a detailed list of lessons learned and its dissemination to ongoing studies; coordination with individual pilot plant study leaders to make use of the more important results from other ongoing work; resolution of common problems in the areas of batteries, charge control, plant monitoring and solar irradiance sensors; provision of advice to plants which were incorporating new data acquisition systems, and improved performance analysis and presentation techniques; development of innovative mathematical models such as available photovoltaic array power and energy calculations. As a result of this coordination, many individual plants have improved their capability to analyze and report their plant performance data, and many have incorporated improved monitoring and data reporting techniques. Several plants have converted their operational mode into mostly grid connected operation, although they have retained their capability to operatein stand alone mode. This change has improved the plant’s solar energy conversion efficiency and photovoltaic array utilization. WIP IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TECHNICAL SUPERVISION AND CONTROL OF ALL PV PLANT PROJECTS NUMBERING 25, IN CLOSE COOPERATION WITH THE RESPECTIVE PROJECT LEADERS. THEIR PRINCIPAL TASKS ARE AS FOLLOWS: – REVIEW OF THE IMPLEMENTATION AND PROGRESS OF VARIOUS PROJECTS FROM PROPOSAL STAGES THROUGH THEIR COMPLETION, INCLUDING CONTRACTOR’S REPORTS SUBMITTED TO CEC. – PROVIDING TECHNICAL IMPROVEMENT AND COST REDUCTION RECOMMENDATIONS USEFUL TO ALL PROJECTS IN A TIMELY MANNER. – PREPARATION AND SUBMITTAL OF SPECIAL REPORTS TO THE COMMISSION, AS REQUIRED. – PROVIDING RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE COMMISSION FOR MANAGEMENT DECISIONS AND FURTHER TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS. KEY ACTIVITIES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS AS OF DECEMBER 1988 ARE THE FOLLOWING: 1) COMPILED A DETAILED LIST OF LESSONS LEARNED AND DISSEMINATED THEM TO ON-GOING PROJECTS, 2) COORDINATED WITH THE INDIVIDUAL PLANT PROJECT LEADERS TO MAKE USE OF SOME OF THE MORE IMPORTANT RESULTS OF THE ON-GOING CONCERTED ACTION PROJECTS, 3) RESOLVED MANY COMMON PROBLEMS IN THE AREAS OF BATTERY, CHARGE CONTROL, PLANT MONITORING, AND SOLAR IRRADIANCE SENSOR, AND 4) WORKED CLOSELY WITH SEVERAL PLANTS WHICH WERE INCORPORATING NEW DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS TO INSTALL MUCH IMPROVED PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES AND SUBSEQUENT DATA PRESENTATION APPROACHES. A SIGNIFICANT ACHIEVEMENT IS THAT MANY INDIVIDUAL PROJECTS ARE NOW CAPABLE OF, OR IN MUCH BETTER POSITION THAN BEFORE IN ANALYZING THEIR OWN PLANT PERFORMANCE DATA. FURTHER MAJOR IMPROVEMENTS IN PLANT PERFORMANCE, OPERATION, AND MONITORING HAVE ALREADY BEEN IMPLEMENTED, NOTABLY AMONG THE FOLLOWING PILOT PLANTS: PELLWORM, FOTA, VULCANO, AND ZAMBELLI. MANY OF THE NEW SYSTEMS PROJECTS ARE ALSO INCORPORATING KEY LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE PAST.
5913	EN3S0151	nan	STUDY OF A COMBINED OPERATION OF A SMALL HYDROELECTRIC POWER AND PV POWER PLANT					1988-02-01	1989-01-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO CONDUCT A TECHNICAL/ECONOMIC STUDY OF A COMBINED HYDROELECTRIC/PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT FOR A REGION WITH SUFFICIENT WATER SUPPLY IN THE WINTER MONTHS AND A SCARCE WATER SUPPLY TOGETHER WITH HIGH SOLAR ENERGY DURING THE SUMMER MONTHS. The use of a photovoltaic power plant in combination with a hydroelectric power plant conserves water in the reservoir when the photovoltaic plant is in use, in the sunny dry season. This is analogous to pumped water storage but much more efficient since no water is actually pumped up to the reservoir. The plant concept defined was a 1 MW photovoltaic array inverter system, tied directly to the low voltage transmission network, incorporating low cost array structures, a reliable monitoring system and solar sensors. Array costs were kept low by using a low tilt angle and a longer panel length in a fixed tilted flat plate array. Other key results of the study were as follows: a photovoltaic inverter system with no batteries, directly tied to the local network served by a small hydroelectric plant, can be very effective; the estimated alternating current energy output of the plant, at a site near Toledo, was 1520 MWhours; no advanced new technologies are required to implement the plant design. ONE SET OF OPERATIONAL SCENARIO IS TO 1) INSTALL THE PV PLANT IN THE CENTRAL SPANISH HIGH-LAND, IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF ALREADY EXISTING MEDIUM-CAPACITY WATER RESERVOIRS. THE PLANT WILL GENERATE ENERGY FOR REMOTE VILLAGES IN A COMBINED, REGULATED USE OF HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY AND THE STORAGE CAPACITY OF THE WATER RESERVOIRS WHILE EXTRACTING THE MOST ENERGY FROM THE PV ARRAY, AND 2) USE OF WATER IN THE RESERVOIR AS ENERGY STORAGE MEDIUM. SOME OF TE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS PHYSICALLY SHUTS DOWN OR SLOW DOWN THE POWER DISPATCHING DUE TO LACK OF WATER LEVEL IN THE RESERVOIR GOES BELOW A THRESHOLD IN THE SUMMER MONTHS. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE SOLAR ENERGY IS HIGHER DURING THE SUMMER MONTHS, THUS THE PV POWER PLANT DEFINITELY COMPLEMENTS THE OUTPUT OF THE HYDROELECTRIC PLANT THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. THEREFORE, THE USE OF THE WATER RESERVOIR AS AN INDIRECT ENERGY STORAGE ELEMENT FOR THE PV PLANT WITHOUT PUMPING WATER UP TO THE RESERVOIR INHERENTLY LEADS TO A VERY HIGH OVERALL EFFICIENCY AND IS VERY ATTRACTIVE. THE RESULTING PV PLANT CONFIGURATION IS A PV/INVERTER SYSTEM TIED DIRECTLY TO THE LOW-VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION NETWORK, USE OF MODULAR, RELIABLE DAS AND SENSORS DEVELOPED IN DG XII CONCERTED ACTION TASK, INCLUDING IMPROVED REAL-TIME ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES, AND A FIXED TILTED PV ARRAY. IMPORTANT NEW IDEAS TO REDUCE ARRAY COST ARE LOW-TILT ANGLE AND A LONGER PANEL LENGTH LIKE A ROOF-TYPE DESIGN BUT GROUND MOUNTED.
5932	EN3S0142	nan	CONTROL AND COORDINATION OF PV CONCERTED ACTION PROJECTS AND WORK ON SPECIFIC TASKS: DATA AND PLANT MONITORING; ARRAY STRUCTURES; AND SOCIAL EFFECTS STUDY					1987-08-01	1989-07-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THIS PROJECT HAS TWO-FOLD PURPOSES. ONE IS TO COORDINATE THE ACTIVITIES OF OTHER THREE CONCERTED ACTION PROJECTS (PV ARRAY, POWER CONDITIONING, AND BATTERY/COMPUTER MODELLING). THE OTHER INVOLVES SPECIFIC WORK ON DATA/PLANT MONITORING, ARRAY STRUCTURES, AND SOCIAL EFFECTS. Guidelines useful to current and future photovoltaic (PV) power plants have been produced. Specific development subtasks in data and plant monitoring and array structures were directed toward improving the reliability of the equipment combined with cost reduction goals. Key results and accomplishments are as follows: Lessons learned from the selected pilot plant, and other PV projects were defined and analysed in the areas of plant monitoring, array structures and social effects. Recalibration of solar irradiance sensors at several plants was made on site, a key technical achievement being that a simple in situ calibration method was demonstrated to be possible by the on site local operators without special skills or test equipment. Substantially better data analysis and presentation techniques and monitoring equipment have been defined, developed and implemented. New improved array structure concepts were developed, both types having a good potential to further reduce the cost of array structures. Nontechnical issues and benefits to users, owners and designers were identified. A COMMON AIM OF THE SECOND OBJECTIVE IS TO PRODUCE GUIDELINES USEFUL TO THE CURRENT AND FUTURE POWER PLANTS. SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENT SUB-TASKS IN DATA/PLANT MONITORING AND ARRAY STRUCTURES ARE DIRECTED TOWARD IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY OF THE EQUIPMENT COMBINED WITH COST REDUCTION GOALS. KEY ACCOMPLISHMENTS AS OF DECEMBER 1988 ARE AS FOLLOWS: 1) COMPLETED A SURVEY OF LESSONS LEARNED, 2) AN ASSESSMENT OF PILOT PLANT PERFORMANCE THROUGH 1987 WAS DONE, 3) RELIABLE LOW COST DATA COLLECTION EQUIPMENT WERE IDENTIFIED AND PROCURED, AND LONG-TERM EVALUATION OF THESE EQUIPMENT OF THESE EQUIPMENT AND SENSORS WAS INITIATED AT WIP, 4) SOLAR IRRADIANCE SENSORS AT SEVERAL PLANTS WERE RE-CALIBRATED IN SITU, 5) FOUR LOW COST ARRAY STRUCTURE ALTERNATIVES WERE DEFINED: LOW-INCLINATION ROOF-TOP DESIGN, CABLE-MOUNTED PV MODULE STRUCTURES, IMPROVEMENT OF KYTHNOS ARRAY STRUCTURE CONFIGURATION, AND INTEGRATED STRUCTURES FOR LOW-POWER ARRAYS, AND 6) SOCIAL EFFECTS ANALYSES WERE COMPLETED ON TWO PV PLANT LOCATIONS IN GREECE AND PV HOUSES IN SPAIN. IN ADDITION, A HANDBOOK ON EC PV SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, COVERING DESIGN PRACTICES AND GUIDELINES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PILOT PLANT AND OTHER R&D PV SYSTEMS IS BEING FINALIZED.
6028	EN3S0015	nan	EVALUATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC PENETRATION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA OF THE EC					1985-11-01	1987-06-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	EXAMINE WHAT PROBLEMS OF SERVICE OR ENERGY EXIST WHITIN THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA NOT SOLVED UP TO DAY FOR LACK OR IMPOSSIBLE APPLICATION OF ENERGY FROM TRADITIONAL SOURCES, EVALUATING ON THE SAME TIME HOW PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR ENERGY CAN BE A SOLUTION TO SUCH PROBLEMS. IN THE PRESENT UTILIZATIONS IT IS REALIZED THAT PHOTOVOLTAIC ELECTRIC GENERATOR
6062	EN3S0078	nan	OPTIMIZATION OF HIGH EFFICIENCY MULTILAYER SOLAR CELLS BASED ON III/V COMPOUNDS.					1986-03-01	1989-03-01		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE AIM OF THIS PROJECT IS THE REALIZATION OF HIGH EFFICIENCY SOLAR CELLS, MADE BY MONOLYTHIC MULTILAYER GROWTH OF STRUCTURES BASED ON III-V COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS. THE GROWTH OF SUCH CELLS CAN BE EFFECTED BY MOCVD. HIGH EFFICIENCY SOLAR CELLS CAN BE MADE BY STACKING DIFFERENT SOLAR CELLS IN SERIES. IN SUCH A STRUCTURE A MORE EFFICIENT ABSORPTION OF THE SOLAR SPECTRUM IS TO BE EXPECTED, LEADING TO AN INCREASE IN EFFICIENCY. IN PRINCIPLE TWO DIFFERENT WAYS ARE OPEN TO ACHIEVE THIS, VIZ. MECHANICALLY STACKING OF DIFFERENT CELLS OR, ALTERNATIVELY, MONOLYTHIC MULTILAYER GROWTH OF CELLS, E.G. BASED ON III-V COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS. THE FIRST APPROACH RECENTLY LEAD TO A 31% EFFICIENT CELL (AM 1.5, 300-500 SUNS) MADE BY MECHANICALLY STACKING OF A HETEROJUNCTION GAAS AND A CRYSTALLINE SI CELL. HOWEVER, THE SECOND APPROACH WHICH IS IN PRINCIPLE MORE PROMISING, UP TILL NOW HARDLY YIELDS MORE EFFICIENT PV-STRUCTURES THEN SIMPLE-JUNCTION CELLS. THIS PROBABLY IS A RESULT OF CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC IMPERFECTIONS IN LAYERS AND ON INTERFACES, WHICH ACT AS EFFECTIVE RECOMBINATION CENTERS, THEREBY REDUCING THE PHOTOCURRENT AND DIMINISHING THE MINORITY CARRIER DIFFUSION LENGTH. THESE DEFECTS APPEAR TO BE INTRODUCED DURING GROWTH AND PROCESSING OF THE LAYERED STRUCTURES. IN THIS PROJECT MONOLYTHIC SOLAR CELLS ARE GROWN BY MOCVD AND MBE. A STUDY HAS BEEN PERFORMED OF SEVERAL ASPECTS OF THE MOCVD GROWTH OF GAAS AND ALGAAS. STARTING WITH THE SUBSTRATE, IT WAS SHOWN EARLIER THAT DEFECTS PROPAGATE AND EVEN MULTIPLICATE IN EPILAYERS GROWN ON TOP OF IT. HARDENING OF THE SUBSTRATE MATRIX BY IN ALLOYING LEADS TO SEVERE MISMATCH DISLOCATIONS IN THE EPILAYERS, WHICH ARE DELETERIOUS TO CELL PERFORMANCE. SUBSEQUENTLY, OPTIMUM CONDITIONS FOR THE MOCVD GROWTH OF GAAS AND A1XGA1-XAS AS A FUNCTION OF PROCESS VARIABLES WERE DEFINED EXPERIMENTALLY. IN ADDITION, WE ALSO PERFOMED A SYSTEMATIC STUDY IN CONNECTION WITH BOTH P-AND N-DOPING OF GAAS AND A1GAAS; THE INCORPORATION OF THE DOPE MATERIALS WAS RELATED TO VARIOUS MOCVD GROWTH PARAMETERS. USING THE RESULTS OF THE ABOVE-MENTIONED GROWTH- AND DOPINGSTUDIES, WE GREW GAAS SOLAR CELLS ON SI-DOPED SUBSTRATES AS A FIRST STEP TOWARDS MINOLYTHIC MULTILAYER CELLS. CELL EFFICIENCIES OBTAINED NOWADAYS REACH A REPRODUCIBLE LEVEL OF 18.5%.
6217	EN3S0204	nan	PRODUCTION AND EXPERIMENTATION OF ADAPTED REFRIGERATOR FOR VACCINES STORAGE					1989-01-01	1989-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	For several years, the World Health Organisation has been most interested in the photovoltaic technique for vaccine conservation in developing countries. Studies on the photovoltaic refrigerators available have shown that it would be interesting to develop a very small size apparatus, which would be portable and offer low electricity consumption. This programme has succeeded in the completion of a storage container prototype which is likely to be industrially manufactured. The design analysis of this prototype, as well as qualification tests in a climatic chamber, has verified the characteristics of this refrigerator and its adaptation to use within the framework of vaccine conservation.
6233	EN3S0153	nan	A PHOTOVOLTAIC PUMPING SCHEME FOR A ADVANCED SOLAR HEATED DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEM					1988-09-01	1991-06-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	Work has been carried out in order to incorporate a photovoltaic motor pump set within an existing solar water heating scheme. The match between a high performance direct current motor pump, the photovoltaic array and the solar water heating scheme has been investigated and the performance of the system has been monitored. 2 different types of direct current motor were tested, a printed armature permanent magnet motor of lightweight construction and a standard direct current permanent magnet motor of heavy duty construction. There was a performance advantage to using the heavy duty motor which also suffered less in the humid conditions of the preheat tank room. The increased performance of the heavy duty motor was attributed to its greater inertia which made it more closely matched to the temperature inertia of the evacuated tube array. The principle of the photovoltaic powered pump to save power and provide independence from mains power supplies proved easy to implement. The best overall option for cost and performance was a combination of a standard motor and a cheap moulded plastic pump. A photovoltaic pumping system for advanced solar heating of domestic hot water has been monitored. The evacuated tube array revealed a greater than expected number of vacuum failures. Calculations, based on a comparison of manufacturer’s data with temperature and flow data, reveal that the array performance is reduced by around 61%. Inspection of the printed armature motor showed brush wear consistent with nonarduous duty, although some armature wear had occurred and some corrosion of end plates and bearings was detected. Data was also collected for a heavy duty motor pump combination and a direct relationship can be shown between the motor speed and the array flow and the insolation level.
6243	EN3S0069	nan	CUINSE2/ZNCDS THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS PREPARED BY R.F. SPUTTERING ON GLASS SUBSTRATES					1986-01-01	1989-06-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE AIM OF THIS RESEARCH IS THE ACHIVEMENT OF HIGH EFFICIENCY (10%) THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS IN WHICH BOTH THE CUINSE2 ABSORBER LAYER AND THE CDS WINDOW LAYER ARE PREPARED BY A SCALABLE TECHNIQUE LIKE R.F. SPUTTERING. AS SUBSTRATES WE USE ONE INCH SQUARE GLASSES COVERED BY 4 MICROMETRES THICK AL FILM WHICH IS OBTAINED CRYSTALLINE WITH AN AVERAGE GRAIN SIZE ON THE ORDER OF 100 MICROMETRES BY USING AN ORIGINAL METHOD DEVELOPED IN OUR LABORATORY. THE AL FILM IS COVERED BY A 1000 ANGSTROEM THICK MO LAYER WHICH CAN BE DEPOSITED BOTH BY SPUTTERING OR ELECTRON GUN EVAPORATION. THE FIRST DEVICES WERE PREPARED BY DEPOSITING CUINSE2 FILMS BY SPUTTERING AND CDS FILMS BY FLASH-EVAPORATION. AFTER DEVELOPING A NEW METHOD WHICH ALLOWS US TO OBTAIN BY SPUTTERING AT 200 CELSIUS DEGREES SUBSTRATE TEMPERATURE PURE CDS FILMS WITH A RESISTIVITY OF 1CM AND IN-DOPED CDS FILMS WITH A RESISTIVITY OF 10 TO THE POWER MINUS 3 CM, THE COMPLETE DEVICE, EXCLUDING THE AL AND MO LAYERS WHICH ARE DEPOSITED BY ELECTRON GUN EVAPORATION, IS PREPARED BY SPUTTERING. SO FAR, ALL SPUTTERED CUINSE2/CDS THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS HAVE SHOWN A MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY OF 5%. IN ORDER TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY, THE CUINSE2 LAYER HAS TO BE IMPROVED. SINCE EVAPORATED CUINSE2/CDS THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS HAVE SHOWN EFFICIENCY HIGHER THAN 10% ONLY WHEN THE CUINSE2 FILM IS PREPARED BY DEPOSITING AN IN-RICH LAYER ON TOP OF AN ALMOST STOICHIOMETRIC LAYER, OUR FUTURE WORK WILL BE DEDICATED TO THE PREPARATION BY SPUTTERING OF A DOUBLE LAYER CUINSE2 FILM BY USING TWO TARGETS WITH DIFFERENT STOICHIOMETRIES.
6246	EN3S0135	nan	PHOTOVOLTAIC PILOT PLANT OF VULCANO – SPECIFIC ACTIONS					1988-01-01	1989-09-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE RATED PEAK POWER OF THE VULCANO PLANT IS ABOUT 80 KW. THE MAIN FEATURE OF THE PLANT LIES IN ITS DUAL OPERATING MODE: EITHER STAND-ALONE OR GRID-CONNECTED. THE PLANT, COMMISSIONED HALF-WAY THROUGH 1984, HAS ALWAYS WORKED UNINTERRUPTEDLY AND SATISFACTORILY. BEGINNING FROM 1987 IT HAS BEEN CONSIDERED WORTH CARRYING OUT RESEARCH ON A NUMBER OF SPECIFIC POINTS NOT SO FAR DEALT WITH IN SUFFICIENT DETAIL IN LITERATURE, AS FOLLOWS: . EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE DETERIORATION, OVER A PERIOD OF TIME, IN THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MODULES OF THE PLANT. . THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE PLANT’S ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE SYSTEM. THE RESEARCH ON THE SECOND OF THE ABOVE SUBJECTS HAS A NUMBER OF AIMS: – TO IMPROVE METHODS OF CHECKING THE STATE OF CHARGE OF BATTERIES IN NEWLY-DESIGNED PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANTS – TO IMPROVE THE WAYS IN WHICH THE VULCANO BATTERY STORAGE SYSTEM IS OPERATED – TO MONITOR AND MAKE A CAREFUL DIAGNOSIS OF THE CONDITION OF THE PLANT’S BATTERY. THE METHODOLOGY FOR THE ‘ON-LINE’ DETERMINATION OF THE BATTERY SOC HAS BEEN CHECKED AT THE CESI LAB DURING THE 1988 YEAR; IN THE MEANWHILE THE HARDWARE AND THE SOFTWARE OF THE EXPERIMENTAL FACILITY TO ACCOMPLISH THE RESEARCH HAVE BEEN PREPARED AND INSTALLED AT THE VULCANO PLANT. ADDITIONAL TESTS CONDUCTED ON THE SPOT AT THE VULCANO PLANT SHOWED THAT FEW CELLS OF THE BATTERY LOST A PART OF THEIR INITIAL CAPACITY AFTER FOUR YEARS OF OPERATION.
6271	EN3S0117	nan	DEVELOPMENT OF AUTONOMOUS HOUSE-EQUIPMENTS FED BY PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATOR, WHICH CAN BE UNIVERSALLY USED AS REPLACEMENT OF AN ELECTRIC CONNECTION: I. PORTAL BELL. 2. AMPLIFIER OF TV AERIAL.					1987-12-01	1988-10-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	I.- AERIAL AMPLIFIER: THIS COMMON PRODUCT CONNECTED TO GRID IS WELL KNOWN. I.1 CONCEPTION OF AMPLIFICATION ELECTRONICS WITH MINIMAL CONSUMPTION. THE OBJECT IS TO GAIN 30 UP TO 50 % OF THE ELECTRIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION AT A REASONABLE COST ACCORDING TO THE MARKET POINT OF VIEW. WORKING METHOD: – ANALYSIS OF THE TECHNOLOGIES USED (IN CURRENT PRODUCTS SOLD) – CONSEQUENCES IN TERMS OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION – CONCEPTION AND TEST OF THE IMPROVEMENTS IN LABORATORY – REAL USE TESTS – FINAL PRODUCT II.- AUTONOMOUS WIRELESS PORTAL BELL: IT IS A COMPLETELY NEW PRODUCT BECAUSE OF: – THE SERVICE OFFERED: NO MORE CABLE TO DRAW – THE TECHNIQUE USED: WIRELESS INFORMATION TRANSMISSION AND AUTONOMOUS WITH REGARD TO ENERGY. I.- BELL PURPOSE: TO DEVELOP A WIRELESS PORTAL BELL: FEEDING BY PV GENERATOR AND TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION WITHOUT MATERIAL CONNECTION. ADVANTAGES: NO MORE CABLE, NO MORE INSTALLATION EXPENSES FOR THE CONNECTION. ELECTRIC SECURITY. II.- AMPLIFIER OF TV AERIAL: TO DEVELOP AN AUTONOMOUS AERIAL AMPLIFIER FED BY A PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATOR WITHSTANDING CONSTRAINTS BETTER THAN AN AMPLIFIER WHICH TAKES ITS POWER FROM THE MAINS. ADVANTAGES: NO MORE ELECTRIC CABLE. SIMPLIFIED INSTALLATION. SECURITY, IMMUNITY.
6305	EN3S0121	ACIPA	ACTUATION OF FOUR SLIDING GATES AND OF A TRASH-RACK RAKE BY MEANS OF A PV PLANT					1988-01-01	1990-09-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	THE PRIMARY AIM OF THE ANCIPA PROJECT IS THE SETTING UP OF A PLANT TO SUPPLY THE ELECTRIC POWER NECESSARY TO DRIVE FOUR SLIDING GATES AND A TRASH-RACK RAKE SITED ON THE SPILLWAY OF THE RIVER BRACALLA IN THE NEBRODY MOUNTAIN RANGE IN NE SICILY. A photovoltaic plant has been constructed to supply the power necessary for activating a trash rack rake and 4 sliding gates belonging to the intake of the Bracalla Torrent, located in the watershed of the Ancipa Dam. The system has been monitored for the whole of 1990. Activation of the gates for the gravel and sand clarification beds has always worked automatically. The trash rack rake operated automatically during the spring and autumn and was operated manually during the summer. During this first year of operation, the photovoltaic plant was always able to supply the power necessary for the hydraulic equipment. However, this was a year of particularly low precipitation and several times on a typical day the photovoltaic arrays had to be disconnected from the electrical equipment to prevent the voltage corresponding to battery boiling point from being exceeded. The data acquisition systems also worked efficiently and the most heavily stressed component was the control system which had to continually regulate the flow of powder from the photovoltaic arrays to the batteries. THIS SPILLWAY IS ONE OF FIVE WHOSE WATERS FLOW INTO ANCIPA RESERVOIR, ONE OF SICILIAN BIGGEST HYDROPOWER PLANTS. ALONG ITS COURSE, THE RIVER BRACALLA ENCOUNTERS A SCREEN LOCATED AT THE INTAKE OF THE TUNNEL CANAL FLOWING INTO ANCIPA RESERVOIR. A TRASH-RACK RAKE REMOVES LARGE STONES FROM THE SCREEN, WHILE TWO OF THE FOUR SLIDING GATES ARE OPERATED IN SUCH A WAY AS TO PREVENT GRAVEL AND SAND FROM ENTERING THE RESERVOIR. THE OTHER TWO GATES ARE USED, WHEN SAFETY DEMANDS IT, TO PREVENT WATER FROM FLOWING TO THE ANCIPA DAM. THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF ELECTRIC POWER REQUIRED DAILY BY THE LOAD IS LOW, A 1.5 KWP PV PLANT WITH 500 AH E.C. STORAGE BEING SUFFICIENT TO OPERATE THE HYDRAULIC CONVERTER DRIVING THE RAKE AND THE GATES. ENEL REGARDS THIS PILOT PLANT AS A PROTOTYPE FOR FUTURE SIMILAR APPLICATIONS IN REMOTE MOUNTAINOUS LOCATIONS. AS THE END OF THE YEAR 1988 THE FINAL DESIGN OF THE PLANT HAS BEEN ACCOMPLISHED. THE SUPPLYING OF THE MAIN APPARATUS (BATTERIES, DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS ETC.) IS IN PROGRESS. THE PLANT WILL BE IN OPERATION BY JUNE 1989 AND THE DATA ACQUISITION WILL START SOON AFTER.
6308	EN3S0052	nan	DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL BASIS FOR INTEGRATED AMORPHOUS SILICON MODULES					1986-07-01	1988-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR CELLS ON THE BASIS OF AMORPHOUS SILICON-HYDROGEN (A-SI:H) ONE OF THE PROBLEMS IS STILL DEGRADATION OF THE INTERFACE AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE CELL BETWEEN THE TRANSPARANT CONDUCTIVE OXIDE (TCO), USUALLY SNO2, ON GLASS AND THE FIRST, MOSTLY P-TYPE SILICON (CARBIDE) LAYER. THE DEGRADATION IS MAINLY DUE TO REDUCTION OF SNO FOLLOWED BY DIFFUSION OF SN INTO SI OCCURING DURING THE GLOW-DISCHARGE DEPOSITION OF A-SI:H FROM SIH4 (SILANE). THE PRESENT INVESTIGATIONS ARE MEANT TO OBTAIN PROFILE ANALYSES ON DIFFERENTLY PREPARED INTERFACES BY AID OF SEVERAL TECHNIQUES. THESE COMPRISE LOW-ENERGY-ION-SCATTERING (LEIS), ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS (ESCA) AND AUGER ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY (AES). DIFFERENCES IN PREPARATION OF THE INTERFACE HAVE MAINLY REGARD TO CHANGES IN THE GLOW-DISCHARGE DEPOSITION PARAMETERS, SUCH AS THE TEMPERATURE OF THE SUBSTRATE AND TO APPLICATION OF THIN DIFFUSION BARRIERS.
6382	EN3S0136	nan	ZAMBELLI PHOTOVOLTAIC PROJECT : MONITORING AND OPERATINAL IMPROVEMENT. SOFTWARE PLANT CONTROL HARDWARE AND SOFTARE					1988-01-01	1990-12-31		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	SINCE JUNE 1985 THE ZAMBELLI PHOTOVOLTAIC PUMPING STATION FEEDS DRINKING WATER TO A VILLAGE RESERVOIR IN THE LESINIA MOUNTAIN AREA NEAR VERONA, LOCATED 350 METRES ABOVE PLANT LEVEL. THE SPECIFIC DESIGN OF THIS STAND-ALONE, UNATTENDED AND COMPLETELY AUTOMATIC PV PLANT, LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A POWER CONDITIONING AND CONTROL SYSTEM CHARACTERIZED BY MAXIMUM POWER TRACKING VARIABLE FREQUENCY INVERTERS POWERING 2 AC DRIVEN PISTON PUMPS. HOWEVER, OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE REVEALED THE NEED TO IMPROVE PLANT PERFORMANCE AS FOR FREQUENT START-STOP CYCLING AND NOT OPTIMUM POWER MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL. ALSO, SINCE NO DATA WERE TRANSMITTED FROM THE PLANT TO A.G.S.M. HEADQUARTERS LOCATED 30 KM AWAY, THE STATUS OF THE SYSTEM WAS NOT KNOWN TO CONTROL ROOM OPERATORS, AND SMALL AND MOSTLY NOT SIGNIFICANT FAILURES TENDED TO TRIGGER OFF ALARMS RESULTING IN AUTOMATIC PLANT SHUT-DOWN, REQUIRING MANUAL RESET/RESTART BY MAINTENANCE STAFF. ACCORDINGLY, THE PROJECT IN SUBJECT IS INTENDED TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF THE SYSTEM BY REPLACING AND OPTIMIZING THE LOCAL CONTROLLER, AND BY INSTALLING A REMOTE SENSING SYSTEM ALLOWING TO PERFORM DATA MONITORING DIRECTLY FROM AGSM HEADQUARTERS VIA PHONE-LINE (MODEM). THE IMPROVED SYSTEM SHALL BE MONITORED OVER A 24 MONTH PERIOD, INCLUDING PERIODICAL CHECKING OF PV ARRAY AND BATTERY PERFORMANCE.
6386	EN3S0144	nan	HIDROGENATED AMORPHOUS SILICON INTEGRATED TANDEM SOLAR CELLS PRODUCED IN A TWO CONSECUTIVE DECOMPOSITION AND DEPOSITION CHAMBER SYSTEM (TCDDC SYSTEM)					1987-07-01	1990-06-30		FP1	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP1-ENNONUC 3C	nan	Improvements have been made in the performance of thin films on which solar cells are based. New n{\} and p{\} silicon carbide layers have been developed with low absorption in the visible range, wide optical gaps and high conductivities. The layers developed in the 2 consecutive decomposition and deposition chamber (TCDDC) system decrease optical losses and enhance the optical path. Such improvement lead to the enhancement of the open circuit voltage and of the short circuit current. The main advantage of the TCDDC system is that species incorporation and bombardment on the growing surface can be controlled, since the chemistry of the plasma can be spatially separated from that of the growing surface. In addition, transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layers have been improved in order to get a more stable, transparent and textured film with low sheet resistivities. This was achieved by producing indium tin oxide layers coated with a thin silicon monoxide layer which proved to be highly resistant against hydrogen bombardment. AS FAR AS AMORPHOUS SILICON SOLAR CELLS ARE CONCERNED, ONE OF THE MAJOR PROBLEMS TO BE OVERCAME DEALS WITH STABILITY PROBLEMS, WHICH AFFECT THE SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT DENSITY, J SC, AND SO, OVERALL DEVICE PERFORMANCES. HOWEVER, V OC, IS LESS SENSITIVE TO DEGRADATION PROBLEMS. ON THE OTHER HAND IT SEEMS HARD TO IMPROVE J SC BEYOND THE VALUES ALREADY OBTAINED, WHICH MEANS THAT LITTLE CAN BE DONE IN ORDER TO IMPROVE FUTHER THE PERFORMANCES OF INTRINSIC LAYER (DOS, MU, TETA, ETC) USED ON PIN SOLAR CELL STRUCTURES. BUT, THE SAME CAN NOT BE SAID CONCERNING DOPED LAYERS. THUS, BASED ON OUR TCDDC SYSTEM, WHERE SPACE SEPARATION BETWEEN PLASMA CHEMISTRY AND THAT OF THE DEPOSITION IS ACHIEVED, WE COULD PRODUCE WIDE BAND GAP (WBG) LOW ABSORPTION IN THE VISIBLE RANGE, P- AND N- MICROCRISTALLINE MATERIALS (P\, N\), PRESENTING CONDUCTIVITIES, 10 TO THE POWER OF MINUS 2< SIGMA D < 10 TO THE POWER OF 2 (OHM CM) TO THE POWER OF MINUS 1 AND OPTICAL GAPS, E OP (OBTAINED FROM TAUC'S PLOT) IN THE RANGE OF 2.2 - 2.6 EV, WHILST BEING ALMOST NOT ACTIVED (RECORDED ACTIVATION ENERGIES, DELTA E, FROM DARK CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS, ALWAYS SHOWS SHOW VALUES BELOW 0.1 EV). THERE FOR COMPARISON REASONS WE SHOW THE CORRESPONDING RESULTS OBTAINED BY DIODE AND CPM METHOD. SUCH LAYERS WHEN USED EITHER AS A FRONT OR BACK CONTACT WILL REDUCE SIGNIFICANTLY ABSORPTION LOSSES AND WILL ENHANCE V OC BY IMPROVING THE BUILT-IN POTENTIAL. BASED ON SUCH LAYERS AND BY USING P\I’II’NN\ (I’ MEANS A GRADED LAYER BASED ON A-SI:C:H THAT WORKS AGAINST IMPURITY INTERDIFFUSION BETWEEN AD-LAYER) STRUCTURES DEPOSITED IN SS SUBSTRATES IT WAS POSSIBLE TO PRODUCE SINGLE STRUCTURES PRESENTING OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGES HIGHER THAN 1.0 V. THESE RESULTS TOGETHER WITH WAYS DEVELOPED TO IMPROVE BLOCKING LAYERS WILL BE DISCUSSED.
6648	JOUR0077	nan	OASIS : optimization of amorphous silicon solar modules					1990-07-01	1992-06-30		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	The objective of ‘OASIS’ is to increase cost-effectiveness of PV modules based on amorphous silicon and to carry out fundamental research on new materials and devices with the potential for application in PV modules. A collaboration has been formed to facilitate the transfer of amorphous silicon photovoltaic technology from laboratory to industry. During 2 years, top module power has increased from 16.8 Wp to 17.8 Wp, cost has decreased from 1.52 ECU/Wp to 1.35 ECU/Wp, and yield has increased from 60% to 85% due to optimization of the fabrication process. A program was developed to model the performance of the cells. It was used to calculate the spectral response and internal collection efficiency of single junction cells with various interface defects, under different levels of illumination, and with the addition of a high reflecting back contact. A cheap and reliable back contact for amorphous silicon solar cells was developed by means of low temperature screen printing techniques, involving the development of new polymeric pastes. New deposition techniques and plasma engineering of deposition systems were developed, and the production of transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layers optimized. Blocking layers were developed. Characteristics of the films were examined by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The interface between the TCO layer and the silicon p-layer was studied. It was found that a thin silicon oxide layer reduced deterioration of the interface, but significantly degraded the transparency. A new ultra high voltage multichamber deposition system was used to fabricate single junction solar cells of conversion efficiency greater than 10%. The band gap profile of undoped amorphous hydrogenerated silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) was examined and a suitable dopart chosen. Intrinsic graded gap heterostructures on the basis of amorphous hydrogenated silicon-germanium (a-Di(1-x)Ge(x):H) were studied with respect to solar cell performance. Improved performance was attributed to an improved absorption profile rather than to improved carrier collection induced by the driving force of the effective built in field through the grading. The suitability of boron trifl uoride doped amorphous silicon carbide as a window layer was investigated. The films exhibited optical and electrical properties similar to or better than conventionally doped p-type films. The cells were tested for degradation with age. Over 221 days, degradation of 30% in output power was observed. In order to increase the cost effectiveness of photovoltaic (PV) modules based on amorphous silicon research is being carried out into the optimization of amorphous silicon solar modules (OASIS). New materials and devices with the potential for application in PV modules are also being analysed. The targets for module active area efficiency and for cells at laboratory scale are 8.3% and 10% respectively. At the start of the project the efficiency of the modules was 6% and 4.4% after degradation. The 10% goal has been realised on small areas. A 7% efficiency after degradation in industrial production seems possible. The target for module active area efficiency is 8.3% and for cells at laboratory scale 10%. In agreement with these efficiencies the target for module cost is 1.0 Ecu/Wp. These targets will be realized by taking the following steps: – Improvement of the present production process of Chronar France (production over 1 MW/Year) by implementation, after careful technical and economic analyses, of techniques developed in the partners Laboratories – Carrying out research on materials with a graded bandgap, on devices containing layers with different bandgaps and on the electrical contacts of solar cells. For the analyses all the partners will be involved in executing tasks requiring their specific expertise and facilities and include: – Economic analysis of techniques considered for implementation – Characterisation of the solar modules by measuring its electrical performance and stability. – Characterisation of the different layers and interfaces of samples from all the partners by determining its structure, by depth profiling and by electrical and optical characterisation. With the technical analyses and an extended computer program for the simulation of amorphous silicon based devices it is possible to relate process parameters, device parameters and the performance of modules and solar cells. These relations will be used to judge which techniques will be implemented for improvement of the modules and solar cells. The main task of every partner concerns either the industrial implementation of a new technique under development in his laboratory or the investigation of a new material or technique for application in solar cells and with industrial potential.
6745	80010015	nan	OPTIMISATION OF OUT-OF-SEASON CROPPING IN MILD WINTER GREENHOUSES BY CROP DIVERSIFICATION, QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AND BETTER USE OF PRODUCTION MEANS					1991-02-01	1995-02-01		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-CAMAR	nan	Lightweight Medterranean shelters make production possible before the normal season for field crops. Research has led in 3 directions: Improving structures: The slope of the roof and orientation of greenhouse structure have been defined for optimal climatic conditions. Progress has been made in development of the hydrotunnel to reduce the danger from spring frost. The use of large transparent plastic tubes filled with water and laid on the ground to either side of the plants to return at night the heat accumulated during the day is now widespread in Greece, and is providing good results. The use of solarization to control soil fatigue seems to be an effective but temporary way of keeping down nematode populations. Improvement of plant material: The varieties grown in Mediterranean shelters have to produce regularly in an unfavourable environment (cold nights, very variable humidity). Greater use is being made of parthenocaropic varieties which can be harvested without fertilization. A good parthenocarpic genitor has been found. Alternative crops: Shelters require to be used to grow other crops, either in the event of glut or during the normal growth period. Many plant species have been tried and some are of great interest. The project was set up to investigate methods of improving the quality and production of crops grown in plastic greenhouses in southern areas of Europe. Data on air exchange rates was recorded in traditional and improved greenhouses with natural ventilation. Forced ventilation was examined as a means of reducing fungal risk. Passive solar heating systems were tested for cold protection and heating of greenhouses in mild winter Mediterranean areas and an economic analysis made. The behaviour of plants under various stress conditions was evaluated and models for transpiration and photosynthesis have been prepared. Soilless culture of tomato was used to determine the actual uptake of the main elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium) and showed that reduction of fertilizer by 50% is possible, without change in yield. Several substrates were evaluated for physical effects and productivity. New species of ornamental plants and vegetables are being tested in the greenhouse. The total area of plastic greenhouses in southern EC is estimated at 50 000 ha. Presently this activity is facing two major problems, the need for a crop diversification, and the low quality of the products in relation to environmental stress, which constrains quality and production efficiency. The project tackles these problems through integrated multidisciplinary actions : I. Greenhouse engineering and ecophysiology for the control and characterization of stress conditions and effects (climatic, water, osmotic) by means of passive and dynamic techniques of ventilation, shading, cold protection. II. Breeding to select and evaluate plant material of tomato for low temperature fruit-setting and osmotic stress resistance. III. Growing techniques for new introduction of crops and cultivars.
6971	JOUR0101	nan	Terschelling power management project					1991-01-01	1993-12-31		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	The general aim of this project is the demonstration of the Terschelling PV/wind system as an effective energy-producing power station. Within the project the further optimization of power management and consequently a higher system efficiency of this hybrid system is aimed at. The main purpose of the project is the sustained operation and monitoring of the system and the execution of follow-up experiments and research on the system level. A) Battery research First the ageing mechanisms in the existing battery will be determined, from which lessons will be learned for a new battery and battery control. It is aimed to determinate the optimum battery type and size and the optimum control for autonomous operation of the system. Alternative designs will be evaluated. B) Research into the system as if it is an electricity supply for a community not connected to the public grid. A PV/battery/diesel system (possibly with a wind turbine) is a realistic alternative for the substitution of diesel-only generating sets in Europe and in developing countries. The presence of the (often already existing) diesel generator on these locations makes it possible to have a smaller battery system reducing system reducing system costs, compared to a PV/battery system without back-up generator. In this project a 50 kW diesel generator set will be installed. several smaller hardware adaptations will be made, in order to make the automatic control of this system possible. At the same time the wind turbine control will be extended to make it possible to regulate the maximum power of the turbine. In spring 1991 this ‘now really’ autonomous Terschelling system will be operational. During 1991 and 1992 the energy management control will optimized. C) Study into the system operated as if it is a renewable electricity supply in a ‘weak’ grid.
7187	JOUR0118	nan	Photovoltaic Dairy-farm in Pozoblanco, Cordoba ( Phase 2 )					1991-03-01	1993-11-30		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	The objective of this second phase of the project consists of the elaboration of a technological package allowing to define the PV system optimal configuration as a funciton of the climatic conditions and the size of the farm. The contractors shall achieve the project goal by performing the following tasks : 1. Analysis of the actual system. 1.1. Continuation of the data acquisition in the plant through the next two years. Processing of the experimental data and comparison with the simulated ones. 1.2. Analysis and diagnosis of the plant operation and of each PV components behaviour with a special emphasis on the control system and its influence on the global performance. The results obtained at the conclusion of this part shall provide answers to some of the problems pertaining to stand-alone systems. 2. Optimisation of the plant operation 2.1. Analysis of different system configuration in terms of performance by the mean of the simulation code to that installation. 2.2. Study of an optimal energy to load management and analysis of its contribution of the global system operations and performance. 2.3. Definition of the optimal global configuration of PV system knowing the climatic conditions and the load profile. 3. Extrapolation of the results. 3.1. Achievement of a technical and economical analysis. 3.2. Extrapolation of the previous results to different climatic conditions and different farm sizes. This can be presented under the form of decision support software.
7843	JOUR0098	nan	Concerted action on PV arrays and solar irradiance sensors					1990-09-01	1992-09-01		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	There are two main objectives: 1) Conduct detailed analysis and experimentation of topics as a follow-on to the previous Concerted Action on PV arrays and prepare additional design practices and guidelines for PV systems; 2) Develop reliable low-cost Si-based solar irradiance sensors and field calibration methods for Si thermopile sensors. 2000 commercially produced solar cells have been studied. Dispersions in series and stunt resistances were low. The dispersion in dark current was lower than that in photocurrent. The main criterion to use would seem to be current, using both short circuit current and the current at a voltage near the operating voltage. A code has been developed to analyse the behaviour of solar cell modules in a partially shaded array, and to predict the position of hot spots. Comparison with experiment confirmed the accuracy of the code, subject to accurate input data on reverse bias characteristics of the modules and on shunt resistance. It has been found that bypass diodes do not act as simple switches. When a diode is in operation, the current is shared between the diode and the strings, and hot spots can develop even if the block is reverse biased on the diode voltage alone. Two kinds of hot spot can be generated: shaded cells in reverse bias, and nonshaded cells when string current is forced into them. So called equilibrium lines proved to be a waste of cabling. The work consist of the following four tasks: 1) Array Design Analysis / Test Method Evaluation; 2) Outdoor Module and Array Test Methods; 3) Study of Array Types and Effect of Orientation on Power Output; 4) Solar Irradiance Sensors and Calibration. Task 1 As a result of the action present uncertainties in many topics of PV array design and testing methods can be reduced. More standardized designs will increase reliability and make PV systems less expensive. The design guidelines develop for the most important points will be useful to anyone in design of small or large PV plants. Task 2 Outdoor module tests executed in laboratories located in different climatic areas on selected representative modules of present commercial production will allow a better understanding of their thermal behaviour, associated electrical parameters and a direct comparison of some state-of-art modules. The knowledge of a good relationship between air ambient temperature and module temperature will yield a much better test and IV extrapolation techniques and models. Tasks 3 The comparison of the energy collection among selected tracking systems and fixed tilt arrays performed for at least one year in very different climatic areas of Europe will also supply further elements for basic decision on array design and economic comparison. A much better mathematical model should result as well as energy prediction methods for use in economic analysis. Tasks 4 The results of the proposed campaign will ensure a clear decision upon the type and design of future radiation sensors for the monitoring of photovoltaic plants. The results will also allow for a sound scientific base to judge questions like degradation, calibration, and durability of sensors. The results should eliminate many uncertainties about Si vs. thermophile sensor differences, how to do an effective calibration at the PV site without removing the sensors, and allow better array performance prediction.
7844	JOUR0090	nan	Extension of the concerted action power conditioning and control					1990-10-01	1992-09-30		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	To investigate methods for photovoltaic plant performance improvements by using improved components, proper adaptation and control. The concerted action ‘Power conditioning and control’ has been established to identify the potential for improvement in photovoltaic (PV) plant performance for the existing PV pilot plants in the European Community. As a result of this action, initial hardware modifications have been performed (replacement of the former series type charge controller by a shunt type one which has been designed according to the working group specifications for the 50 kW plant in Aghia Roumeli, Greece). The performance of the inverter in both stand alone and grid connected operations has been analysed. For easy interpretation of the plant performance results, a standard procedure using frequency and energy distribution as a function of actual power has been developed for the energy input and output analysis. Experiments are being carried out in order to confirm the simulation results on the effect of the maximum power point (MPP) tracking versus direct coupling. In the past, little reliable data from the pilot plants available. Through plant specific actions more data will be provided by the individual plants. Also data from existing PV plants are available tofurther verify the results. The concerted action ‘Power conditioning and control’ has been established to identify the potential for improvements of PV-plant performance for the existing PV pilot plants in the European Community. As a result of this action, first hardware modifications have been performed such as the replacement of the former series-types charge controller by a shunt type one which has been designed according to the working group-specifications for the 50 kW plant in Aghia Roumeli Greece. Much efforts have been directed towards the performance analysis of the inverter for both stand-alone and grid-connected operation. It could be shown that self-consumption of the inverters has a big effort on efficiency part-load operation dominates most of the time. For easy interpretation of the plant performance results, a standard procedure using frequency and energy distribution as a function of actual power has been developed for the energy in- and output analysis. Currently three experiments are being made to confirm the simulation results on the effect of the MPP-tacking versus direct coupling. A general problem encountered in the past, was the fact that only very few reliable data from the pilot-plants were available. Through plant-specific actions currently under way, it can be expected that in future more data data will be provided by the individual plants. On the other hand there are PV-plants existing from which very detailed data could be made available to further verify the statements which have been made up to now. These plants are the 5 kWp Rosemount system (grid-connected) in Ireland, the 4 kWp PV-house of the institute located in Munich (also grid-connected), the Braming PV-house of the Jydsk Telefon company which operates in stand-alone mode, the 8 kWp grid-connected residential system of the Stadtwerke Saarbrucken and the Rappeneck-system in Freiburg. All these projects have been supported by the Commission and access to the data is guaranteed. Further to these plants, data and results of the 100 kW PV-plant in Madrid which is operated by Hidroelectrica Espanola will be evaluated.
7874	GE1*0019	nan	Enhancements and new developments in industrial processes through solar radiation					1990-01-01	1993-06-30		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-SCIFAC C	nan	Solar energy metals treatment applications. Research results included: – The successful demonstration of solar beam modification of hard coatings. – The development of several surface-hardening methods for metals using the solar furnace. – The open-air hardening of different types of steel and cast iron specimens. – Steel tempering in water using the solar furnace. Solar photocatalytic water detoxification. – It was found that solar detoxification can destroy hazardous contaminants dissolved in water, and must now be considered as a clean and ecological alternative to conventional wastewater technologies. – The feasibility of the process has been fully demonstrated and the commercial applications seem to be not to far off. A new field of solar technology has opened and in Europe the PSA is prepared for its development for commercial application. Adaptive control development. Some notable achievements were: – The adaptive control system developed during this work for solar collector field experiments is unique in Europe. – A finite element model of the Acurex field was developed, tested and validated. This model can reliably predict the dynamics of a parabolic-trough solar collector field. – Simplified transfer function models, portraying the resonant characteristics of the solar collector field were developed. These models can be employed in the design of future collectors. – A proposed adaptive control scheme incorporating resonance compensation demonstrated capacity for fast response outlet temperature control. Ceramic materials testing. Significant achievements included: – The alignment of the Solar Furnace concentrator using the ‘on-axis’ and ‘laser ray-tracing’ methods for focus characterisation. – Test for subjecting Zirconia Y-PSZ specimens to the non-contaminant thermal shock of the Solar Furnace with several different flux densities. – The surfaces of mono and polycrystal Zirconia Y-PSZ specimens were partially melted after thermal shock in the Solar Furnace. This non-contaminant step is essential for further studies of the condensed material at very high temperatures. This project enabled 12 research organisations from 7 EU Member States to use the Plataforma Solar de Almeria (PSA) facility. Project teams used the facility for a total 9,237 hours (230 weeks) – representing 29% of the site’s total capacity – between 1990 and mid-1993. Users from the project constituted some 20% of the total institutions working on the site during the project. Project teams reported that the results of their research have been an important catalyst in the advancement of European environmental policy. The results appeared in 121 publications and were presented at 44 scientific conferences. Project participants used the Almeria facility to undertake four research projects: solar energy applications for metals treatment; solar photocatalytic water detoxification; adaptive control development; and ceramic materials testing.
7918	JOUR0040	MONO-CHESS	Mono-chess : concepts for high efficiency solar cells					1990-06-01	1992-05-31		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	The overall target of the project is to obtain efficiencies as high as possible by reduction of the mono-crystalline silicon cell thickness. Efficiencies of 20% at 1 sun and 25% for mono-crystalline concentrator cells (under direct beam concentrated light or located into a cavity at 30 W/cm2) are the target figures of MONO-CHESS. Research is being carried out in order to obtain efficiencies as high as possible by reducing the monocrystalline silicon cell thickness. Efficiencies of 20% at 1 sun and 25% for monocrystalline concentrator cells (under direct beam concentrated light or located into a cavity at 30 W cm{2}) are the target figures of MONO-CHESS. To obtain such cell efficiencies it will be necessary not only to reduce the thickness of the cells in order to increase the open circuit voltage, but also to preserve a high level of light absorption providing optical confinement of the photons. The following tasks were accomplished: optimization of textured surfaces and new cell technologies and devices for light confinement; process development involving techniques for the reduction of recombination and series resistance; modelling to assess the best structures and the process efforts that must be done first; measurement of the bonding and cooling of the cells, (in measurements up to 500 suns), spectral response at high injection level and methods of extraction of parameters of the cells; cell processing which involved combining the preceding successful techniques to obtain high efficiency cells. These results have achieved an efficiency of 19 to 20% (1 sun) and 24% concentration. To obtain the mentioned cell efficiencies it will be necessary not only to reduce the thickness of the cells in order to increase the open circuit voltage, but also to preserve a high level of light absorption providing optical confinement of the photons. According with the above goals, the following tasks must be accomplished as a whole, by the partners: TASK 1) OPTICS : Assessment to optimize textured surfaces and new cell technologies and devices for light confinement. Sub-tasks: 1.1 optical design of cells, 1.2 Texturing development, 1.3 ARC optimization, 1.4 Direct wafer bonding TASK 2) PROCESS DEVELOPMENT Includes techniques for the reduction of recombination and series resistance. Sub-tasks: 2.1 Thinning process development, 2.2 Self-aligned process, 2.3 Surface passivation, 2.4 Reduction of emitter recombination (low Jo) TASK 3) MODELLING: To assess the best structures and the process efforts that must be done first. Sub-tasks: 3.1 Modelling emitter recombination/ structure of cells, 3.2 Modelling base type and doping, 3.3 Series resistance limitations TASK 4) MEASUREMENT: It includes the bonding and cooling of the cells, in measurements up to 500 suns, spectral response at high injection level and methods of extraction of parameters of the cells. Sub-tasks: 4.1 Contact-less measurement and parameter extraction, 4.2 Bonding thin cells to substrata, 4.3 Electrical characterization in wide temperature range under concentrated light TASK 5) CELL PROCESSING (FINAL TASK): Combining the preceding successful techniques to obtain high efficiency cells. Sub-tasks: 5.1 Cell processing at UPM, 5.2 Cell processing at IMEC, 5.3 Cell processing at UCL, 5.4 High efficiency low-cost solar cell processing (Final task)
7977	JOUR0095	nan	Wire saw slicing ultra thin silicon wafers					1990-11-01	1992-10-31		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	To reduce the cost of crystalline silicon wafers the project will study the operating conditions of a new prototype two table wire saw required to : – slice multicrystalline silicon bricks with reduced silicon usage (wafer thickness \ kerfloss) -slice such bricks at higher speeds. To reduce the cost of crystalline silicon wafers a study was made of the operating conditions of a new prototype 2-table wire saw. The saw is required to slice multicrystalline silicon bricks with reduced silicon usage (wafer thickness plus kerfloss) at high speeds. The previous (1990) cutting speeds of 240 um min{1} for reached for 10 cm walls and 260 um min{1} 15 cm cells increased in 1991 to 330 um min{1} and 370 um min{1} respectively. The goal of 520 um min{1} could be attained in 1992. A reduction in wafer thickness from 170 to 150 um was achieved. The work program will cover : 1) The characterisation of the wire and its wear in the course of the sawing operation. 2) The feasibility of surface treatment and composition changes of the steel wire to reduce its wear and eventually resulting in a more uniform wear. 3) The feasibility of using wire materials other than steel. 4) The testing of wires having diameters lower than the 175 microns presently used. 5) The optimisation of the cutting parameters (wire tension, wire and table speeds, feed and composition of the abrasive slurry) to : a) maintain high wafering yields at wire pitches lowered from the present 400 microns down to 300 microns. b) maintain high yields at lowered wire pitches when pushing the cutting speed (table speed) from 260 microns/minute to 520 microns per minute and while cutting simultaneously two ingots of 15 x 15 cm2 (one on each table) or four ingots of 10 x 10 cm2 (two each table). 6) Analysis of potential capacity improvements by: a) alternate abrasive mixes usable under high heat fluxes b) inducing controlled high frequency vibrations into the cutting head during operation c) very high wire speeds 7) Analysis of effects on cutting capacity of small variations of silicon material hardness. 8) Final economical assessment of all the technical improvements considered. Experimental phases of the program will be carried out in parallel by Photowatt and ENE by cutting respectively 10 x 10 cm2 and 15 x 15 cm2 wafers. The prototype machine is built by HCT for ENE and will remain at the HCT plant for a number of trials associated with paragraphs 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the program above.
7979	JOUR0045	nan	New technologies for chalcopyrite based solar cells					1990-04-01	1992-09-30		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	Investigation of new technologies for the deposition of absorber films of high quality and with economically viable methods and comparison of different approaches. Improvement of device performance with new structures such as graded absorbers and advanced window materials. New technologies have been investigated for the deposition of absorber films of high quality involving economically viable methods and comparison of different approaches. Improvements in device performance were monitored with respect to new structures such as graded absorbers and advanced window materials. The most efficient and promising thin film solar cells are based on chalcopyrite compound absorbers. Previous research on the development of Cu(Ga,In)Se2-based solar cells was continued using various deposition technologies. A general model for film deposition has been worked out and a new device structure has been developed. Efficiency of 12.8% was achieved in a joint effort for a CuInSe2-CdS-ZnO solar cell. The most efficient and promising thin film solar cells are based on chalcopyrite compound absorbers. During the previous research program of the European Community successful joint research was carried out on the development of Cu(Ga,In)Se2-based solar cells using various deposition technologies. These activities are continued including also new approaches. The main tasks of the work program are: 1) Deposition of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 – fabrication of films by annealing of structured elemental layers – annealing of elemental layers by pulsed laser beam – electrodeposition of chalcopyrite films in one step or of single elemental layers with subsequent annealing. – fabrication of chalcopyrite films and heterojunctions by screen printing. – treatment of metal layers and chalcopyrite compounds in selenium vapour. – study of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber layers with graded optical bandgap – electrochemical characterization of Cu(Ga,In)Se2 absorber films. – structural diagnostics by Raman scattering 2) Fabrication of heterojunction solar cells – preparation of ZnO thin films as transparent contacts and n- type windows in heterostructures – surface treatments for the improvement of heterojunction interfaces and grain surfaces. – study of CuGaSe2-based wide gap cells for tandem structures on transparent substrates. – investigation of surface and interface properties by surface analysis, mainly XPS. The main goals are: – Compare the different fabrication methods in view to performance and criteria for large scale manufacturing. – Realize high efficiency cells by novel device structures. – Establish a model for the kinetics of film formation. The different approaches for preparation of Cu(Ga,In)Se2 give the opportunity for careful comparison of compound formation.
8515	JOUR0035	nan	STUDY OF CONSEQUENCES OF DECENTRALIZED PHOTOVOLTAICS ON LOCAL NETWORK MANAGEMENT					1990-06-01	1992-11-30		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan
8780	JOUR0048	nan	Design of a small scale PV power plant for multi-application based on PV concerted actions results and combined with the development of a PV expert system					1990-01-01	1993-06-30		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	Aim of the project is the design, installation and operation of a 15 kWp multi-purpose PV plant on the campus of the Faculty for Science and Technology of the New University of Lisbon, (FCT-UNL) in Portugal, combined with the development of an expert system providing criteria for the design of PV pumps systems. A 15 kWp multipurpose photovoltaic (PV) plant is being designed, installed and put into operation on the campus of the Faculty for Science and Technology of the New University of Lisbon, (FCT-UNL) in Portugal. An expert system is also being developed to provide criteria for the design of PV pump systems. The plant, which is designed as a stand alone system, will actuate water pumps for irrigation purposes. PV pumps, for technical reasons, cannot consume 100% of the PV generator output. For maximum utilization of surplus energy from the PV field additional consumers such as electrical power for tools, energy for a campus lighting system or back up electrical energy for sensitive electronic equipment in case of grid failure may be added to the system. The central part of the system is an intelligent freely programmable load management system which will ensure optimal use of the energy supplied by the solar array. The lay out of this system is such that it offers the highest degree of flexibility for easy adaption to varying load profiles due to seasonal alterations or introduction of unpredicted loads. A data acquisition system allows the monitoring of energy utilization and distribution. Results of the work serve as models for independent PV-powered grid systems supplying consumers of different priority levels in industrialized countries as well as for third world applications. The plant has been built and is operating correctly. A personal computer (PC) based programme to simulate pumping systems was developed and validated. Work on developing the expert system is in progress. The plant, which is designed as a stand-alone system, will actuate water pumps for irrigation purposes. PV pumps, for technical reasons, cannot consume 100% of the PV generator output. Therefore, the main aim of the project is the maximum utilization of surplus energy from the PV field by usefully combining with additional consumers such as: – electrical ac power for tools – energy for a campus lighting system – optionally : back-up electrical energy for sensitive electronic equipment in case of grid failure Central part of the system is an intelligent freely programmable load management system which will ensure optimal use of the energy supplied by the solar array. The lay-out of this system is such that it offers the highest degree of flexibility for easy adaptation to varying load profiles due to seasonal alterations or introduction of unpredicted loads. A data acquisition system will allow the monitoring of energy utilization and distribution. Results of the R&D work can serve as model for independent PV-powered grid systems supplying consumers of different priority levels in industrialized countries as well as for third world applications. The work will be carried out in two main phases: after a first phase of design and installation, the plant is scheduled to be operational by the end of March 1991. In the ensuing second phase the programme of the load management system will be continuously optimized to incorporate the operational experience acquired. Simultaneously a computer programme is being developed where the state-of-the-art expertise in the field of PV pumps will be compiled. This expert system will allow a simulation considering several input variables in order to ensure optimal planning with respect to technical performance and costs of PV pumping systems.
8807	JOUR0096	nan	Optical thermal processing for silicon solar cell manufacturing					1990-10-01	1993-03-31		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	The general foal of this research is the preparation and characterisation of shallow P/N junctions realized by coupling non-analyzed ion implantation of the dopant (developed by PHASE laboratory) or any kind of deposition techniques with a special transient optical heating technique (developed by FhG-ISE) which can operate in the liquid and solid phase regime. Research has been carried out with respect to the preparation and characterization of shallow P/N junctions realized by coupling nonanalyzed ion implantation of the dopant (or any kind of deposition technique) with a special transient optical heating technique which can operate in the liquid and solid phase regime. Research was carried out in the following areas: doping procedures (doped silicon presses); transient annealing (rapid thermal processing in lamp furnaces); characterization of the junction; crossing comparison of the techniques; solar cell manufacturing (15% efficiency for a single P/N junction). Perspectives of a dry processing are being investigated in a new project. The best result of this research was the realization of 15% conversion efficiency P/N junction silicon solar cells by employing a doping using doped silicon glasses to rapid thermal diffusion in a lamp furnace. I. DOPING PROCEDURES 1) Deposition and diffusion techniques 2) Non-analyzed ion implantation II. TRANSIENT ANNEALING 1) With a special optical heating system working in liquid as well as solid phase regime 2) In liquid phase by UV laser processing 3) In solid phase with an RTP furnace III. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE JUNCTION 1) global and electrical profiling of the front doped layer 2) Effects of the transient annealing on the carrier transportation properties IV. CROSSING COMPARISON OF THE TECHNIQUES V. SOLAR CELL MANUFACTURING VI. PERSPECTIVES OF A DRY PROCESSING
8821	JOUR0036	MULTI-CHESS	Concepts for high efficiency multi-crystalline silicon solar cells multi-chess					1990-01-01	1993-01-31		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	The overall aim of the project is to bring together on European scale the expertise in multicrystalline and polycristalline silicon solar cells of different strong groups in order to be competitive with groups outside of Europe and to obtain the efficiency goals of this project : 16% on 4cm2 cells and 15-15.5% on 100cm2 cells, both for laboratory cells and 14.5% (best) and 13.5% (average) for cost-effective production (100cm2). The coast-goal is 1.5 ECU/Wp. Gettered and textured Polyx wafers have been processed to fabricate 2 x 2 cm{2} cells. The 240 minutes 900C gettered wafers had a maximum efficiency of 15.6%. Cells which had received a hydrogen plasma treatment showed the best efficiency. Further optimisation of the phosphorus gettering was done. The worst results are due to some impurities in the conveyor finance which are counterbalancing the effect of gettering. It is possible to improve drastically the electrical properties of P type multicrystalline silicon samples by phosphorus diffusion. Hydrogenation of the material could be beneficial as this passivating agent is able to neutralise recombination centres introduced by impurities which cannot be gettered like oxygen. Gettered impurities are iron, copper and nickel. The polycrystalline material studies shows such features is as grown conditions, its behaviour being comparable to single crystal silicon. Material performances at high boron concentrations are controlled by a deep recombination centre, whose concentration is determined by dopants and oxygen concentration. Even at high R values, donor compensation with phosphorus does not affect the electronic properties of the material. The formation of boron-phosphor complexes can compete with boron-oxygen recombination centres. Free oxygen concentration must be kept as low as possible. 2 deposited or grown glasses improve the bulk carrier transport properties in classical thermal processing. All doping processes give almost the same gettering efficiency, as the classical annealing is not sensitive to external contamination. As RTA is an efficient method for the detection of contamination it has been confirmed that the chemical vapour deposition deposited glass is superior to the spin on one if a rapid thermal diffusion to form the pp{\} contact. Annealing in argon of the aluminium-silicon structure dramatically increases the effective minority carrier diffusion lengths Ln. A fundamental study of the silicon/silica interface was carried out. The increase in electrical response that could be gained by oxidation could be counterbalanced by a decrease caused by precipitation of oxygen and metals on specific defects. Photochemical etching is a new process to prepare the surface of silicon. Promising results were obtained using this process for microscopic texturing and passivation of the emitter of photovoltaic cells. In the first phase of the programme the different technological strengths the groups will be further elaborated and compared. The comparison of the different techniques will be based on technological and economical grounds. Those techniques that are found successful will be taken over by the indus tries in this project and will lead to more cost-effective cells with higher efficiency, preferably on substrates made by partners within the consortium. Of course all the evaluation techniques present at the different partners will be optimally used to give feedback to the technology. In order to meet the efficiency and cost goals, mentioned above, different work topics are identified and investigated in order to increase the efficiency of the polycrystalline silicon solar cells : Material (substrate, wafer) improvement : the material quality has to be improved at the ingot and at the wafer level. Gathering techniques are of prime importance to be studied. On the wafer level the interest especially goes to thinner wafers (100-150 microns) to reduce the overall recombination volume and to reduce the material cost. Back surface field : because of the trend for thinner wafers the diffusion length will comparable or larger to the wafer thickness and there fore it will become sensitive to surface recombination at the back side. Different techniques will be tried to realize the BSF. Optical confinement : because of the thinner cell interest, light will be not fully absorbed on the first passage through the cell. Optical confinement will become important and will be investigated to increase the optical pathlength. Frontside passivation and antireflection coating : in order to increase the blue response of the cells, the emitter junction has to be doped less and/or has to be thinner. But then one has to avoid an increase in dark saturation current and hence a decrease in open circuit voltage. Therefore it is advisable to use a very effective surface passivation technique, combined with the antireflection coating. Selective emitter: in the same context as point 4 the blue response can be enhanced by using a thin emitter. But under the metal fingers one can not passivate the emitter surface.Therefore the emitter junction has to stay deep under the metal fingers. This results in a selective emitter concept. Contacts: contacts are and stay of prime importance in the solar cells. The contact resistance and sheet resistance have to be low and on the other hand the coverage factor has to be as small possible. New concepts are envisaged such as laser grooving, combined with wet chemical metallization and the improvement of the screenprinting process (smaller line widths). The outcome is the choice of some techniques as production-ready(performance and cost). Therefore the proposal is also well-balanced between industrial interest and research laboratory interest.
9018	JOUM0018	nan	Finalisation of the CO2 study/CRASH Programme.					1992-01-01	1992-07-01		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	The purpose of the project is to finalise the CO2 study ‘CRASH Programme’. Additional tasks have to completed to finalise the CRASH Progamme. They are relative to the completion and harmonization of the data input of the EFOM-ENV model; to new simulation of EFOM-ENV and comparisons with the previous results. 1) The completion and harmonization of the input data are mainly relative to MURE, DERE and FRET options (see JOUM-CT90-0010). As far as the MURE options are concerned, energy efficiency measure for industry have to be integrated into EFOM. During the preparation of the DERE Report for the CRASH Programme, the comparison of the DERE data used by each country revealed a number of discrepancies. It has been proposed that the DERE data should be revised using, whenever possible, previous Europe-wide studies to ensure the use of common assumption and costs. Data for ss-hydro, wind, tidal, wave and waste burning technologies will be prepared by ETSU whilst data for photovoltaics, biofuels and active solar will be prepared by an energy consultant (Science). As a continuation of previous DERE project management responsibilities, ETSU will compile the revised DERE data for each country and send it to the appropriate DERE teams for confirmation and/or comments and will pass the agreed data on to the central modelling group. All DERE data and results will be presented in a final DERE report. The FRET options are more or less completed. The hydrogen system will be integrated into the Belgian model by an expert (Science) directly in collaboration with the Commission. The time horizon will be 2030 and this task implies that some new data will be added in the model in order to make simulations on this period. Analysis of the H2 potential following the different options will be made by the Commission with the assistance of this expert. 2) New simulations have been mentioned in the introduction. The principle is that it will be a considerably shorter exercise than the original CRASH Programme. The objective is to be sure that there is no fundamental change with the previous results. A large part of the simulations will be made by the Commission.
9238	JOUR0066	nan	Photovoltaic energy conversion : an endoreversible process					1990-08-01	1993-01-31		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	Thermodynamic analyses will be made of solar cell efficiencies for various materials under various illuminations. Appropriate functions will be used for the illumination as a function of frequency, the density of states as a function of the electron energy, etc. Endoreversible thermodynamics and computer algebra will be utilised. Research relevant to the development of thermodynamic analyses of photovoltaic energy conversion has been carried out.As a tool, the concept of endoreversible thermodynamics of photovoltaics has been introduced. Endoreversible processes are a special class of irreversible processing; the irreversibilities are all located in the transport of heat from the heat sources to the heat engine and from the heat engine to the heat sinks. It was demonstrated that photothermal solar energy conversion could be modelled as an endoreversible process. A photovoltaic converter proved to be more complicated than a photothermal one. A more general model of endoreversible engines was introduced, where thermodynamic reservoirs were characterized not merely by a temperature, but by a temperature and a chemical potential, and where not only energy but energy and matter were exchanged between reservoirs. The conversion efficiency of hybrid photothermal and photovoltaic convertors has been calculated. It was demonstrated that a hybrid converter could realise higher efficiencies than pure photovoltaic or photothermal converters. For a given light concentration and a given bandgap, a pure photothermal converter has only one degree of freedom, its temperature. Analogously, a pure photovoltaic converter has only degree of freedom, its bias voltage. A hybrid converter has 2 degrees of freedom, a temperature and a voltage. The maximum power point proved to be at negative voltage. A computer algebra has also been developed to handle symbolic equations in solar energy theory with speed and accuracy. The photovoltaic energy conversion process will be treated thermodynamically taking into account the limited angle subtended by the sun at the earth’s surface, the radiation emitted by the cell and its surroundings, the effect of the energy gap and the occurrence of non-black radiation. It is hoped to extend the theory to include the effect of an arbitrary number of energy gaps. The results will be applied to various technologies, notably crystalline and amorphous. The effect of entropy generation will also be considered in various ways. For example a model can incorporate explicit expressions for the entropy generation rate (S) in the converter. Alternatively one can use a model which merely uses the fact that S 0. Among the technical tools to be used we include endoreversible thermodynamics. This deals with irreversible cycles such that the irreversibilities are located in the transport of heat between the heat engine and its reservoirs. The theoretical efficiencies are of course lower than the Carnot efficiency and investigations of such cycles exist and will be used or extended. Another technical aid to be used is computer algebra. This is a computer tool to solve algebraic problems by manipulation of symbols instead of numbers. The technique was invented in the 1970’s by people working in quantum electrodynamics and general relativity. It has only recently been introduced into other fields of physics and technology. As far as we know it has not yet been applied to solar energy conversion. We are envisaging the use of the language ‘Reduce’ although others are not excluded.
9243	JOUR0046	nan	Concerted action on computer modelling and simulation of PV systems					1990-04-01	1992-04-01		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	The objective of the proposed work is to develop the existing software into an expert design system for : – determining the optimum global architecture of the plant – selection of the most appropriate components – selection of the optimum power management strategy The objective of the Concerted Action on Computer Modelling and Simulation is to develop a computer model which can be used to simulate and optimise the design of PV systems. The model is to be expanded to an expert system to simplify the design process. The tasks involved in the work program to achieve this are: 1) Modelling and Characterisation of PV Components This work involves characterising PV modules, inverters, batteries and chargers which are currently used in PV systems and storing the characteristic curves in a database. The results to date show that PV modules can be modelled to an accuracy of 97% and inverter to an accuracy of 98%. The most difficult component to model is the battery. 2) Modelling of Power Management Strategies Computer models will be developed to simulate all power management strategies and global experts architectures used in PV systems. This information will be contributed by PV system design experts, plant managers, PV users and PV systems research. 3) Development of a Meteorological Data Processor This software package will allow ASHLING to interface with various meteorological databases including european Solar Radiation atlas database. Databases will be included in ASHLING to cover the 12 countries of the EEC. 4) Expert System On PV Systems Design An expert system is being developed to simplify the design process and also to diagnose faults in PV systems. The following is a brief explanation on how an expert system is used to diagnose faults in the ‘Fota-voltaic’ project. The expert system contains information on the PV system including component descriptions, fault histories and circuit diagrams. The software acts as a technical adviser on the operation and maintenance of the plant. It has 25 distinct fault conditions using a set of 70 rules. The final software package will be validated against 3 stand alone PV systems and 3 grid connected systems. PV computer models will be used if they are easy to operate, the data for modelling is easily accessible and the user has confidence in the accuracy of the model. The model described is being used by PV designers and plant managers, it contains sufficient data to model and simulate the performance of the 15 PV pilot plants and it can simulate the performance of grid-connected PV systems to an accuracy of 95% of real performance.
9244	JOUR0039	nan	The photovoltaic eye. A new concept for very high photovoltaicefficiency					1990-06-01	1992-11-30		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	To develop and demonstrate the operation of a efficiencies above 30% of a photovoltaic converter based in the combination of silicon and gallium arsenide cells, located inside a light trapping cavity, and operates under concentrated sunlight. Heat removal and current extraction are also considered. The device is intended for cost competitive mass production of photovoltaic electricity. Gallium arsenide photovoltaic cells of efficiency 23.9% at 172 suns and 22.7% at 624 suns have been fabricated. Silicon cells for photons with lower energy than the gallium arsenide band gap were obtained using a low doped base. The cells were assembled in a pair of cavities. An external filter was used to transmit photons in the range 400 to 900 nm to the gallium arsenide cell and reflect the remainder to the silicon. The gallium arsenide was tilted to the optical axis of the incident beam. Sunlight was collected with a spherical telescope mirror. The assembly was installed in an equatorial axis sun tracker, powered by a synchronous mains motor. Tracking was very accurate. Maximum efficiency obtained was 29.4% with a power input of 1.66 W, 1.14 W incident on the gallium arsenide and 0.52 W incident on the silicon cell. The effective concentration was 161 for the gallium arsenide and 4.1 for the silicon. At maximum concentration (input 5.94 W) the efficiency was 28.5%. A systematic study on the various soldering techniques was carried out to find an appropriate technique for large area void free soldering. Best results were obtained with a lead, tin and silver mixture (Pb Sn5 Ag2.5) and a tin, copper and indium mixture (Sn Cu3 In0r5) in a gas mixture of nitrogen with 5% hydrogen. A heat transfer mounting for solar cells based on a copper coated ceramic was designed and tested. The soldering quality of solar cell structures to the ceramic plates was tested by X-ray and ultrasonic methods. The technique proved adequate. A development programme of gallium arsenide and silicon concentrator solar cells was implemented. Gallium arsenide cells were fabricated which exhibited efficiencies up to 25% at a concentration ratio of 120. A cooling system has been designed to remove the excess heat from photovoltaic cells and keep them as close to ambient temperature as possible. A mathematical model of a heat pipe cooling system was constructed to test the design, and a twelfth scale experimental rig was built. The heat load to the cooling system was supplied by an electrical heater to simulate the heat gain by the photovoltaic cells. 2 designs of high efficiency finned pipes were used, one with looped fins and the other with loops of metal strip. The mathematical model conditions were defined based on an allowable temperature difference between the ambient air and the effluent air. The air flow rate required to remove the heat collected by the cells was then calculated. Once the air flow and the cross sectional area for heat flow were known, the air velocity and the Reynolds number could be calculated. From the Reynolds number, appropriate correlations gave the friction factor for the flow and the Nusselt number. These figures determined the pressure drop across the flow and the heat transfer coefficient, thus determining the power absorbed by the fan and the actual temperature of the heat pipe. The model predicted the experimental result well. For an air flow of about 24 cubic metres per hour, a block temperature of 88 C was predicted, and the experimental result was 90 C. The photovoltaic eye is a novel device based on the combination of cells of several bandgaps located inside a light confining cavity. They make use of two principles: the increase of efficiency produced when cells of several bandgaps are illuminated with photons of energy above their bandgap, but close to it, and the increase of absorption, and therefore of efficiency, caused when the cells are located inside a light confining cavity. It is well known that a strong absorber can be made with a sphere internally covered with an absorber much poorer. The reason for it is the occasion produced in such a cavity, for additional incidence of the photons reflected by the poor absorber covering the cavity walls. Conceptually such a spherical cavity can be covered with solar cells that does not require to absorb the light very strongly. In this way dense metal grids are allowed allowing high efficient concentration operation, and the requirements for good antireflection coatings can be less stringent, so allowing, possibly better surface passivation. A drawback of the classical integrating spheres is that they have a small entry aperture area, as compared with the cell area, and thus a high concentration is required to operate at reasonable concentrations on the cells. This is avoided in this project by the development of cavities based on a new principle: the angular spatial restriction to the escaping light. If the escaping light is not allowed to leave the cavity in all directions then the entry aperture can be larger. Thus in this project a cavity of such nature will be developed able to accommodate Gas and Si cells, in such a way that the light will first fall on the Gaas cells, so being filtered, and the low energy photons will be reflected by a back mirror located in the rear face of these cells and will fall on the Si cells. Most of the light reflected by these Si cells will fall again on them. This is a very interesting feature as the Si is rather transparent to the light, and more so to the long wavelengths reflected by the Gas cells. The multiple pass of the light by the same Si cells will enhance greatly this absorption. As the goal of the project is a prototype, aspects regarding the way of producing concentrated illumination, removing the excess heat an assembling the different elements are taken into account.
9245	JOUR0065	nan	Deposition technologies for CdTe thin film solar cells					1991-01-01	1992-12-31		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	Evaluation of the potential of different deposition techniques with regard to reproducibility and robustness for future production of high-efficiency CdTe thin film solar cells. The main advantage of catalytic combustion is the low thermal nitrogen oxides emission due to the low operating temperature. Many tests have been performed successfully with clean fuels, and a hybrid catalytic and staged combustion technique is also able to burn fuels containing high amounts of nitrogen with low nitrogen oxides emission levels and a combustion efficiency comparable to conventional burners. In gas turbine applications, a catalytic combustor can lower emissions of nitrogen oxides to less than about 2 parts per million. Catalytic combustion can also burn mixtures whose combustible concentration is below the lean mixture limit of gas phase reactions. This feature leads to an easier control of the rate of production of thermal energy. Considerable improvements are required before these techniques can be considered for large scale applications including: reduction of methane losses; development of cheap and thermostable combustion catalysts; increasing the temperature stability of the catalysts; improvement of the fuel preparation and injection systems. An evaluation has been made of the potential of different deposition techniques with regard to reproducibility and robustness for future production of high efficiency cadmium tellurium thin film solar cells. The eventual production of a cadmium tellurium thin film solar cell can only be envisaged, if materials and production techniques are cheap enough. This means that the use of the semiconductor material must be made efficient by using thin films and efficient deposition technologies and cheap substrates. Past work and evaluations have shown that this is possible. More of a question arises with respect to deposition technology. Here, a robust process will be required, which leads to a high production efficiency under not too stringent (and thereby expensive) process control. The control bandwidth of all essential parameters for reliable production of high efficiency solar cells should be as wide as possible. Research so far has resulted in an efficiency of 12% in a cadmium tellurium cadmium selenium CdTe-CdSe heterojunction cell. This process uses cheaper material and is more suitable for mass production and is within the economic limits. Safety aspects can be resolved and the set up of a production plant is under discussion. The eventual production of a CdTe thin film solar cell can only be envisaged, if materials and production techniques are cheap enough for realization of the final aim of <<1ECU/Wp. This means, that the use of the semiconductor material is made materials' efficient by using thin films and materials' efficient deposition technologies and cheap substrates. Past work and evaluations have shown that this is possible. More of a question arises within the scope of deposition technology. Here, a robust process will be required, which leads to a high production efficiency under not too stringent - and thereby expensive - process control. The control bandwidth of all essential parameters for reliable production of high-efficiency solar cells should be as wide as possible. This latter technological aspect, besides special development work, such as improving doping and contacting of CdTe, is the central focus of the proposed joint effort. A close cooperation and evaluation of results therefore is essential for the expected success of the work. In the following the tasks of the individual research groups are listed: Task 1) COORDINATION AND EVALUATION (Battelle Institut e.V.) Task 2) CLOSE-SPACED SUBLIMATION (Battelle Institut e.V.) not financed by the EC Task 3) HIGH VACUUM EVAPORATION AND GALVANIC DEPOSITION (Newcastle- upon-Tyne polytechnic) Task 4) DOPING AND CONTACTING OF CdTe BY ION-ASSISTED TECHNOLOGY (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) Task 5) METALORGANIC CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION (University of Durham) Task 6) SCREEN PRINTING OF CdTe (University of Ghent)
9246	JOUR0014	nan	Silicon purification by plasma torch					1989-12-01	1992-10-31		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	Attractive results have been obtained in laboratory using thermal plasma to purify silicon. The present studies consist in developing an industrial pilot unit to prepare solar grade silicon feedstock. That will lead to present an economical evaluation of the process. Attractive results have been obtained in the laboratory using thermal plasma to purify silicon. The present studies involve developing an industrial pilot unit to prepare solar grade silicon feedstock. An economical evaluation of the process will follow. Studies have led to the identification of the main mechanisms involved in silicon purification. The plasma process is based upon the associated chemical and thermal properties. The first action is the melting of the silicon, the second one the extraction of the impurities in the slag melted material and at the slag plasma interfaces. The plasma properties depend on the inductive plasma composition (argon plus hydrogen plus oxygen): hydrogen increases heat conductivity of the argon plasma and the heat transfer between the plasma and the material. The redox properties depend on oxygen flow: in particular, boron is eliminated as boron oxide. Extraction mechanisms of impurities at the plasma material interface depend on the molten bath temperature, viscosity, and the slag chemical composition. Most of these results have been obtained with a 7 kW power plant. A 25 kW power unit was also built. The sample section has been increased from 2.2 cm{2} to 15 cm{2}. The size extrapolation has induced heavy technical modification especially on the torch and the reactor materials. The main components of the industrial installation (induction power, torch, reactor, gas environment and process control) can be determined from the adaptation of the present equipment. Once the pilot equipment is installed, purified samples (50 to 100 cm{2}) will be used as feedstock in the POLIX ingot process leading to an economic evaluation of the plasma purification process. Silicon purification by thermal plasma has been developed by the laboratory of plasma Technical Reactors (ENSCP) of Prof. Amouroux for 8 Years. On the laboratory scale, the plasma purification efficiency has been proved: – purification grade 10E5 10E6 -linear silicon treatment rate : 1m/h – type of silicon electronic silicon rejects (out of photovoltaic specifications ) selected metallurgical silicon rejects of photovoltaic casting. rk=(01,02) Studies have led to identify the main mechanisms involved in silicon purification. The plasma process is based upon the associated chemical and thermal properties. The first action is the melting of the silicon, the second one the extraction of the impurities at the slag-melted material, and slag-plasma interfaces. The plasma properties depend on the inductive plasma composition (Ar \ H2 \ O2): hydrogen increases heat conductivity of the argon plasma, and also the heat transfer the plasma and the material. The redox properties depend on oxygen flow; in particular, boron is eliminated as boron oxide. Extraction mechanisms of impurities at the plasma-material interface depend on The molten bath temperature and viscosity, and on the slag chemical composition. Most of these results have been obtained with a 7 kW power plasma. A 25 kW power unit was also built. The sample section has been increased from 2.2 cm2 to 15 cm2. The size extrapolation has induced heavy technical modifications specially on the torch and on the reactor materials. The adaptation of this equipment allows to determine the main components of the industrial installation : induction power, torch, reactor, gas environment and process control. Then the pilot equipment will be built by CFEI and installed in PHOTOWATT. The purified samples (50 to 100 cm2) will be used as feedstock in the POLIX ingot process. The project will lead to evaluate economically the plasma purification process.
9251	JOUR0037	nan	The development of an advanced battery charge controller for PV applications					1990-01-01	1992-01-01		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	The objective of this project is to develop design criteria so that PV engineers can improve the designs of PV battery chargers, to overcome problems which are currently begin experienced. As PV applications increase, it is essential that the charger is designed to improve the performance and prolong the lifetime of the battery with a minimum amount of maintenance. Two types of battery monitoring systems have been developed in the laboratory. One is used to continuously monitor the battery (cell by cell) and the second is a manual system which is used by maintenance personnel to test individual battery cells. The innovation is the method of measurement and the algorithms and software calculations used to assess the battery state of health. Research has been carried out to help plant managers identify and overcome the battery problems encountered in photovoltaic systems. Data has been collected from battery experiments and from photovoltaic systems and the results have been presented in a format which can be used by plant managers. A photovoltaic battery handbook has been produced along with operations and maintenance guidelines. Prototypes for battery monitoring systems have also been designed, developed and tested. The energy produced by a PV array varies in a daily and a seasonal cycle due to changing irradiation level. In systems which use electro-chemical batteries to store energy, it is necessary to control this energy to regulate the charging profile of battery. The charge regulators (battery chargers) which are used today are based on specifications from battery manufacturers and from experiences with other battery applications (e.g. stand-by batteries, traction batteries etc.). The work program will be carried out in four main phases : 1) Review the status of charger technology : This review will involve the compilation of a database of chargers in the market place, a review of the charge criteria presently employed and a review of operation of existing chargers in PV systems. 2) Compile requirements specification for advanced charger : Following the Phase 1, review of charger technology a detailed specification of the requirements and functions of the advanced charger will be compiled. This will done in cooperation with battery manufacturers, PV researchers and PV designers. 3) Develop and test a prototype advanced charger : The prototype as defined in the requirements specification will be tested in the laboratory and in PV systems. 4) Provide recommendations for improvements to existing chargers. Following a period of monitoring and evaluation of the advanced charger operation recommendations for charger improvements will be circulated. Through this work the concepts of improved charge control in PV systems will be developed and demonstrated. The involvement of the battery manufacturers and the PV industry will ensure that the benefits of advanced charge control reach the PV users.
9283	JOUE0038	nan	Research of solid-gas reacting media and of intercalation compounds used in suitable structures of reactors to improve the performances and spheres of use of chemical heat pumps, cooling machines and thermal transformers					1990-08-01	1993-07-31		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	Improve understanding of gas-solid couples, in particular for graphite reacting salt mixtures and graphite intercalation compounds. Develop a 1 kW AHP unit for air conditioning with a COP of 1,6; a 1 kW unit for heating which transforms heat from 80-100 C to 180 C and a solar refrigeration unit. Until now solid gas absorption heat pumps did not find many applications due to a number of inherent disadvantages. A major problem is the low heat transfer between grains of solid material and between these grains and the heat exchanger surface. This leads to large and expensive heat exchangers and a low heat power density. Recent R&D by CNRS and INP lead to an interesting concept which may solve this problem. Another obstacle is the fact that continuous operation is not possible: batch type operation of this AHP however has the advantage the heat can be stored without extra cost. Solid gas AHP have the advantage that heat can be produced at much higher temperature levels (200-300 C) than for conventional heat pumps (150 C); this could increase the field of heat pump applications, in particular in industrial processes. Work on solid-gas couples will be concentrated on identifying and characterizing new couples in particular for low, medium and high temperature zones, which are presently not covered by know solid- gas couples (FPM, INPG and CNRS). Heat and mass transfer will be improved by mixing the reaction salt with an inert expoilated graphite binder (CNRS) and by intercalating graphite of the reactive molecule in the form of a graphite intercalation compound (INPG). Simulation models for coupled heat transfer of these two options will be established (CNRS). Three types of solid-gas AHP will be built to prove their technical feasibility: An air conditioning unit of 1 kW with a COP of 1,6 which consists of four reactors with three different types of salt and which has a system of internal heat recovery (CNRS). A single stage heat transformer of 1 kW which transforms heat of 80-100 C into a smaller amount of heat at 180 C without any other heat input (FPM). Modify an existing solar refrigeration unit where CaCl2/NH3 will be replaced by expanded graphite – reacting salt mixtures which are expected to give a much better performance.
9334	JOUR0070	nan	Evaluation of photovoltaic electric utility interfaces					1990-08-01	1992-07-31		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	The main goal of this project is to produce a ‘Utility/PV Interface Criteria’. Other aims of the study are to generate information useful to both utility and PV designers on this specific area of interfacing. Research is being carried out in order to produce a ‘Utility Photovoltaic (PV) Interface Criteria’. When connecting PV plants to an electric network, several boundary conditions have to be kept in mind in order to avoid malfunctions of the existing grid and/or the PV plant. Investigations on the following issues has been performed: European standards, inverter type requirements, harmonic distortion propagation, voltage fluctuation and economic and institutional aspects. When connecting PV plants to an electric network, several boundary conditions have to be kept in mind in order to avoid malfunctions of the existing grid and/or the PV plant. For this reason this project will analyze in depth the following areas: 1) Electric compatibility requirements (reactive energy demand, harmonic distortion…). 2) Safety related topics. 3) Load compatibility between the pv electricity generation and the distribution system. 4) Economic and institutional issues. With this project useful information on the existing regulations will be generated related with the interconnection of the PV generators to an utility network (auto-producers, others). Summary of the problems experienced, obtained in this specific area of interfacing during the operation of the already existing PV plants (inverters, reactive energy demand, effects derived from the transformer, harmonic distortion effects, …). Institutional and economics aspects and benefits derived not only from the energy produced but also related areas.
9664	JOUR0013	nan	Photovoltaic pilot plants concerted action on system development					1989-12-01	1992-11-01		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	To improve the state-of-the-art of the photovoltaic (PV) system technology and reduce the technical risks and costs associated with such systems. Specific objectives are to develop hardware, software, methodologies, and useful guidelines to the on-going and future PV applications. Research is being carried out in order to improve the state of the art of the photovoltaic (PV) system technology and reduce the technical risks and costs associated with such systems. Hardware, software, methodologies, and useful guidelines are being developed. Project work consists of the following 4 basic tasks: implementation of the development work in the 3 concerted action topics (data plant monitoring, PV array structures, and social aspects); coordination of other concerted action projects directed by the other organizations (PV arrays and solar sensor power conditioning, modelling and simulation, battery control and management); coordination of other system development work executed by the Commission; follow up of effort on a day to day basis. Results so for involve the development of the following: a monitoring system; real time diagnostic systems for battery state; mathematical models for sizing stand alone systems; a handbook on PV system technology. Project work consists of the following four basic tasks: 1) Implementation of the development work in the three concerted action topics: data/plant monitoring, PV array structures, and social aspects. The work programme also covers system level topics, including optimization of design and performance, methodologies and guidelines (e.g., sizing, lay-out, system/ subsystem rating, special analytical tools, performance diagnostic, and cost analysis). 2) Coordination of other concerted action projects directed by the other organizations: PV arrays and solar sensor power conditioning, modelling/simulation, and battery control/ management. 3) Coordination of other system development work executed by the Commission (DG XII) and direct support to the Commission. 4) Follow-up effort on a day-to-day basis, on behalf of the Commission, the implementation of the concerted action and System development programmes. Activities include preparation of working papers in cooperation with the Commission’s PV experts on progress of work and organization meetings of the concerted actions, other project leaders and visits of plants. The hardware/software development activities in task 1 above will proceed from concept assessment to detailed design, procurement and verification stages. This will culminate in a series of equipment and sensors which can be used in all on-going projects. Work on methodologies and analytical tools will lead to establishment of detailed guidelines. The coordination effort and direct support to the Commission in tasks 2-4 will be done in the following phases : 1) an assessment of the results of previous programme, 2) a review of the new work programme, 3) review of the progress of various projects and provide suggestions on a periodic basis, and 4) documentation of the overall results, highlighting new technologies useful to all PV system projects.
9674	JOUR0115	nan	Improvement of the PV Reverse Osmosis Desalination Process					1991-03-01	1994-03-31		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	To employ the existing plant at Tremiti for the development of a new generation of PV desalination technology taking into consideration that it is of high interest for further application of photovoltaics to improve the desalination process and the plant performance. The R&D routes to be investigated by the Coordinator are the following : – inclusion of the latest membrane technology into the system; – energy recovery from the high pressure fluid at the membrane outlet; – improved power conditioning system and particular new inverters and converters, modification of the battery system; – optimisation of the over all process and in particular the optimised feeding of the membrane system (optimised desalination pressure over time ); – conditioning of the inlet water to avoid corrosion, improvement of the over all efficiency and eliminiation of the chemical treatment of water which complicates the process at present : temperature increase of the inlet water, electrical charging.
9676	JOUR0047	nan	PV systems research at the 50 kWp PV installation on Fota island					1990-04-01	1992-03-31		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	The objective of the project is to : – investigate the performance of the system after 7 years operation – implement design changes to improve the performance of the system – continue experimentation on the subsystems All the subsystems at the photovoltaic research installation on Fota island were analysed to investigate the extent of degradation after 7 years of operation. The electrical performance of the modules was not impaired, but there were frequent breaks in the cabling between them and widespread evidence of corrosion in the cable insulation. Cracks in the glass casings of photovoltaic modules caused short circuits between the cell and the frame. Varistors showed no degradation, and despite severe storms in the area, there was no lightning damage. The inverter operated at an efficiency of 80% for input powers in excess of 5 kW direct current, but current and voltage waveforms showed dramatic changes depending on operating conditions, and the harmonic content of the current was greatly in excess of the 5% utility limit. Power factor correction capcitors further distorted the waveform. The noise of the inverter was well within recommended safety limits. A battery testing facility has been constructed and installed to analyse the operation of an electrolyte agitated and nonagitated battery bank. The facility monitors voltage, current and temperature in cell cells, controls charging and discharging procedures, displays the measurements in graphical format and compiles statistical reports. Comparison between a reference solar cell and a pyranometer proved that the reference cell was a better indicator of array performance. It was noted that incorrect sizing of subsystems, inverters and batteries in particular, had an adverse effect on the particular subsystem and on the overall system. The 50 kWp PV system on Fota island (‘Fota-voltaic’ project) is one of the 16 PV pilot plants which were built in 1983. It is designed to supply electricity to a dairy farm on Fota Island. Excess energy from the PV system is sent to the utility grid. The system has been operating successfully since 1983 and operating data has been collected since January 1984. The object of this contract is to continue the experiments at the PV installation and in particular to concentrate on experiments highlighted by the EC concerted actions groups. The main experiments will be : 1) PV Modules : Measurement of degradation, failure analysis of the modules, examination of cables, connectors, lightning protection equipment and grounding system. 2) Battery System Experiments : Compare two types of batteries (maintenance free and air bubbled lead acid), implement operation and maintenance procedures, test state of charge measuring equipment, measure cell variations in the batteries. 3) Inverter Experiments : Increase the efficiency by selecting the optimum component sizes (inductors and transformers) and by changing the operating conditions. 4) Data Monitoring : Continue evaluating the system, collect data to verify computer component models and system models. 5) Computer Model Experiments : Use the PV system in different power management modes to verify the power management models. The ‘Fota-voltaic’ Project is an ideal base to implement the recommendations of the concerted action groups and it is only by experimental verification that the theories developed by the concerted action groups can be accepted by PV designers.
9684	JOUR0074	nan	Design and implementation of a reliable monitoring system for PV pumps installations					1990-07-01	1992-06-30		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	It is obvious that PV pumps will become one of the major applications of photovoltaic energy. As transparency with respect to medium and long-term performance is still lacking a well prepared monitoring programme for selected sites of newly installed PV pumps will be designed and implemented. Photovoltaic (PV) pumps will become one of the major applications of photovoltaic energy. As transparency with respect to medium and long term performance is still lacking, a well prepared monitoring programme for selected sites of newly installed PV pumps is being designed and implemented. So far 2 monitoring systems for PV pumping installations have been defined. The selected data acquisition system (DAS) types are very economical for small system applications. Analysis software and data presentation format have been completed. Although a lot of PV pumps have been installed during the first generation of solar electrical driven pumps no consequent evaluation of PV pumps performances has been conducted. There is no usable widespread information related to the technical performance of PV pumps for the development of the new generation of such PV systems. Consequently, the aim of the proposed R&D work is the design and application of a low-cost, reliable monitoring system for PV pumps installations. In various regions monitoring systems will be set up in order to assess the performance of PV pumps installed by manufacturers from the European Community. The data transmission envisaged will be on ROM cards and/or floppy disks. Data analyses will be performed in Ireland and the Fed. Rep. of Germany. Improved monitoring techniques developed by the DG XII concerted action activities will be incorporated in this project. Benefits are expected in favour of the development of European PV systems. After having received and analyzed the long-term performance data of the installed equipment, European PV manufacturers will be in a better position to tailor their systems in accordance with specific needs. This will constitute an asset for further European PV technology development and prevent failures in trial and error operations.
9692	JOUR0038	nan	Concerted action on battery control and management in photovoltaic systems					1990-01-01	1991-12-31		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	The objective of this concerted action is to identify the problems encountered with battery operation in PV systems and to develop a strategy for their control and management. An advanced charger has been developed for batteries in photovoltaic (PV) systems by identifying the problems which should be solved, examining the design of chargers on the market and evaluating charge control criteria. Practical proposals have been developed for improvements in battery charge control, applicable to PV plants of all sizes. A prototype was made available on 04/30/92 The development of an advanced battery charger for photovoltaic applications was approached by, firstly identifying the battery problems which should be solved, secondly analyzing the design of chargers on the market and identifying improvements, thirdly testing design improvements in the laboratory, and finally by recommending improvements and disseminating this information to industry. The main improvements recommended were: 2-stage charging should be used (the battery should be charged to a higher threshold voltage for a fixed period, after which the threshold voltage should be dropped by 0.2 V); the upper and lower cut off voltages should be both temperature and current sensitive; in large batteries, individual cells, or blocks of cells, should be monitored; battery cell equalisers should be used to automatically maintain charge equalisation (an electronic unit has been successfully developed and demonstrated for this purpose). The most common problems found in PV systems to date have been problems associated with batteries. The battery in a PV system should require minimum maintenance and have a lifetime of approximately 8 years. Practical experience from the EC PV pilot plants show that existing PV systems cannot meet this requirement. The principle problems encountered are inadequate battery design and operation, low load supply reliability and premature battery failure (after 4-5 years of operation). The work of this concerted action is focused upon three areas: – The compilation of a handbook for batteries in PV systems. The handbook is designed to help PV plant managers, PV designers and suppliers to the PV industry. – Providing practical assistance to the PV pilot plants in order to improve their batteries performance and increase their lifetime. – Coordinating experiments in the PV pilot plants. Assistance will be provided in experimental design and data evaluation. – Dissemination of information to PV designers, PV researchers, PV users and the battery industry. This project identifies battery problems in PV systems, examines the causes of these problems and provides recommendations of their resolution. It provides designers of charge controllers and PV systems with suggested system improvements. It also provides battery manufacturers with detailed description of stresses which occur within batteries in PV systems. These points should be considered when designing or selecting batteries for PV applications.
9769	JOUR0068	nan	Very high efficiency multibandgap solar cells based on III-V compounds including growth on alternative substrates					1990-04-01	1992-03-31		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	Demonstrate the feasibility of very high efficiency solar energy photovoltaic conversion (above 30%) by means of tandem cells epitaxially grown in III-V materials. Study the possibilities of cost reduction by means of heteroepitaxy on cheap substrates. Several methods of fabricating 3-terminal, gallium arsenide and silicon tandem solar cells were explored. Firstly, epitaxial life off (ELO) was employed to transplant high efficiency solar cells to alternative substrates. Although this technique was successful with layers as thin as 500 nm, problems arose with cells larger than 1 cm{2} due to stresses induced when the wax carrier was removed. A new lift off technique was developed, mesa release and deposition (MRO) which combines the heteroepitaxial growth process for gallium arsenide on silicon with the possibility of removing the epitaxial layer from the substrate, relieving the thermally induced stress from the heteropitaxial layer. This method also proved unsuitable for areas larger than 5 mm{2}. It was concluded that neither ECO nor MRD was better than gallium arsenide cells grown directly on silicon. In the third approach, the stacked cell process (SCP), the gallium arsenide cell was grown on a gallium arsenide substrate and glued face down to a silicon cell using transparent, space grade silicone rubber, after which the substrate was etched away. Spinning the silicone layer proved unsatisfactory, since air bubbles remained. Better results were obtained by using a droplet of silicone and damping the materials to be glued. An intermediate terminal was provided either by including a metal foil between the 2 cells during the gluing process, or by using a spot of conductive glue. Transparent top cell contacts on the gallium arsenide layer were tested. A low temperature screen printing technique was devised to protect the glue, which can tolerate a maximum of 200 C. Very high efficiency solar cells were developed. Gallium arsenide doped with tellurium was used to make a high energy tandem cell. A new annealing procedure was developed. The best cell produced had an efficiency of 26%. A wide band gap cell was made using (aluminium, gallium) arsenide. Minority carrier lifetime proved to be very sensitive to growth temperature; epitaxy must therefore be performed at high temperature. A mechanically stacked tandem of gallium arsenide and (gallium, indium) arsenide was constructed. Stacking was carried out in 2 steps. First, each cell was mounted on an independent support. Secondly, the supports were stacked. Each support was made of 2 squared copper slabs. The cell was glued onto the bottom slab with a conduction epoxyde resin (back contact). The upper slab was glued onto the bottom one with an epoepoxyde resin with electrical insulation and thermal conduction properties. The stacking of both supports was realized with an electrical isolating resin and optical alignment was optimized by observing the bottom cell photocurrent while moving one support, before the resin reticulation phase. Silicon was used as the substrate for gallium arsenide cells by means of the aluminium arsenide nucleation technique. Various methods were employed to reduce the residual stress between the lattices. Use of an intermediate buffer layer was best. The buffer was gallium (arsenide, phosphide) (Ga(As(1-x)Px)), where x can be calculated from the thermal expansion coefficients of the cell and substrate. A material study of the growth of gallium arsenide solar cells on germanium substrates by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy has been made. The influence of the substrate misorientation, substrate cleaning process, growth procedure and initial growth conditions on the properties of the grown material have been investigated. To grow material with a good morphology and a long minority carrier lifetime, growth must be performed at a rate of 30 nm/minute with a ratio V/III of 45. Incorporation of indium into the gallium arsenide, forming indium gallium arsenide (in (0.016) Ga (0.984) As) permitted a lattice match, and hence no misfit dislocations. Optimization for solar cell application was investigated. The gallium arsenide was protected from autodoping by coating the germanium substrate with silicon oxide (SiO2). Control of undesirable gallium arsenide to germanium interface properties was achieved by using a high doping level of substrate, a long annealing time before growth, and a low mital growth temperature. One cell showed a very good short circuit current, and a reasonable open circuit voltage (1.08 V), corresponding to an efficiency of 9.28%, which was low due to the poor quality of the window layer. With an improved window layer such a cell would give an efficiency of nearly 20%. A 2-junction monolithic tandem solar cell in a 3-terminal configuration based on the aluminium gallium arsenide and gallium arsenide system has been developed. The cell is made of a liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) grown p-n-p stack of layers. The upper cell, bandgap 1.89 eV, presents an aluminium gallium arsenide (Al(0.32)Ga(0.68)As) p-n junction obtained by diffusion of beryllium in a tin doped layer during an isothermal process. The cell was specifically designed to work in linear concentrators. The device had a trial efficiency of 26.6% at 40 AM1.5D. It exhibited an increased blue response due to the thin front surface window. The high value of the diffusion length in LPE grown materials made feasible the suppression of the collection grid, but since it was found that conversion efficiency was limited by the series resistance, it was concluded that a collection grid was necessary to improve the efficiency. An attempt was made to grow aluminium gallium arsenide layers by LPE on aluminium gallium arsenide on silicon substrates. The major difficulty encountered was the partial dissolution of the silicon substrate into the growth liquid bath. This programme is the continuation of the 1986-1989 Alterna action. The present research is essentially based on Metallorganic Vapour Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE) The central photovoltaic material of the project is GaAs. I. Very high efficiency. Two aspects of achieving high efficiency will be investigated: A) Monolithic integration The GaAs solar cell efficiency can be improved by growing an additional large gap cell on top of GaAs (Al,Ga)As and specially (Al,Ga,In)P alloys will investigated for two- and three-terminal monolithic tandems. B) Mechanically stacking This technique will be developed for the coupling of cells obtained in the past Alterna action and the present JOULE Programme, involving the III-V (Al,Ga)As, (Al,Ga,In)P, (Ga,In)As, (Ga,In)(As,P). II. Cost reduction of III-V compound-based cells. Silicon and germanium will be used as alternative substrates for the grown of: A) GaAs/Si(Al,Ga)As/Si (growth techniques MOVPE and Liquid phase Epitaxy). B) GaAs on Ge and also GaAs on Ge on Si. The GaAs/Si heteroepitaxial growth raises difficult problems lattice accommodation between 2 materials, whereas GaAs and Ge are lattice-matched. on both substrate materials will be investigated.
9881	JOUR0100	nan	Extension and improvement of the pilot project PELLWORM (Phase I)					1990-07-01	1992-12-31		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	One of the objectives of the contractor in this phase of the project is to increase the power output of the plant by at least 100 kWp as this seems necessary in order to obtain optimal performance as regards load requirements. Other objectives relate to power conditioning systems which have to be well adapted and particularly to the requirements of the utilities. The methods to be followed by the contractor will be essentially of experimental nature. Lower tilt angle for the supporting structure of the PV modules which may reduce the mechanical wind loads and the statics requirements. Investigation will be performed in respect to the requirements of large scale electricity production from solar energy. Therefore the nominal DC-voltage array output will be in a range higher than the DC-voltage of all other pilot plants before. Research will be done in order to fulfil the needs and requirements for correction to utilities and adequate industrial inverters will have to be modified. The intention is to adapt 12 pulse line commutated inverters, which from the contractor point of view have never been used in PV plants. The contractor claims this type of inverter seems to be an optimal solution to overcome the utilities requirements in respect to harmonic distortions. This will clarify this important aspect of connection to weak grids at the end of transmission lines, conditions which can be found at specially favoured areas for large scale PV plants in Southern Europe. Development will be done on earthing systems and lightening protection as the problems occurring are different from those in smaller systems.
9949	JOUR0103	nan	Cadmium Telluride – Cadmium Sulphide thin film PV Cells.					1990-09-01	1993-05-31		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	The further development of cadmium telluride and cadmium sulphide thin film PV cells. Being a direct band semiconductor with a room temperature energy gap of 1.5 eV., CdTe is a promising photovoltaic material particularily suited for thin film devices. Several workers now report the formation of CdTe thin films on tinoxide coated glass by solution growth techniques. Such films predominately show a sphalerite structure and p type conduction with resistivity around 2 * 105 W/cm2 Cadmium sulphide thin firms have been prepared by this school for some years. The films are prepared by the spray pyrolisis of cadmium chloride and thiourea, and typically 20 m thick have dark resistivities of 22cm. As CdS is a known n type semiconductor, the p-n junction between CdS and CdTe may well be worth investigating for its photovoltaic properties. Tasks will be allocated as follows : NEWCASTLE POLYTECHNIC – will grow the CdTe films. (For health and safety reasons, this would not be possible in a school laboratory.) TWYFORD CE HIGH SCHOOL – will be responsible for the electrical characterisation of the CdTe films, the growth of the n type CdS layer and its characterisation together with initial efficiency measurements of the resulting cell. FRANK WHELDON SCHOOL, NOTTINGHAM – will co-ordinate the work of the French and German partners through its current exchange scheme. C.E.S. JAN HAY, MORRENNES – will undertake life time tests and thermal cycling tests on the resultant cells. SCHILLER GYMNASIUM, COLOGNE – will investigate the spectral response of the CdS-CdTe cells, together with their output as a function of irradiance.
10024	JOUR0116	nan	Optimisation of a Photovoltaic-Diesel Power Generation System					1991-03-01	1993-02-28		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	Development of the programme ‘IBRID’ for sizing diesel-photovoltaic generation plants designed for insulated users. The main aspect to be considered when designing a hybrid electric power generation plant to be installed for stand alone users, in this case a Diesel-photovoltaic plant, is the optimisation of the potentiality of the generation sources and the storage system. The parameters required to stimulate and dimension a plant include the geographic features of the installation site, the type of load represented by the user, the absorbed power and, finally, the conditions and operative restrictions which must be adopted. In fact, the primary factors which regulate plant sizing include load data, or at least, their estimate, covering the entire year, the frenquency and the duration of peaks in energy demand. Climatic data ( radiation, ambient temperature, wind speed), the inclination of modules on a horizontal plane and possible modification of their values, the physical characteristics of the modules (policrystalline or amorphous silicon or something else ), the characteristics of the storage system and the electric Diesel-generator unit used represent the second set of parameters which are used to define possible sizing configurations. The IBRID programme considers all these variables to propose final indications not only about sizing, but also about the use level of the electric power sources and implementation of the storage system.
10083	JOUR0099	nan	Zambelli 3 – PV pumping station					1990-09-01	1992-06-30		FP2	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP2-JOULE 1	nan	To investigate during plant operation power conditioning performance, different power management/control techniques, battery State of Charge (SOC) control and battery degradation, PV array/module failure modes and repair techniques, to apply lessons learned from 2 lightning strike damages and to further improve plant reliability. The Zambelli photovoltaic pumping station is producing precise and reliable basic data for the characterization and evaluation of system and plant component performance. The annually produced photovoltaic array energy increased from 58608 kWh in 1990 to 64581 kWh in 1991, while photovoltaic array energy utilization increased from 57.5% to 64.3%. A new solar sensor was installed to monitor solar irradiance. Improved on site automatic control system software to determine the performance advantage of maximum power point tracking was installed. The software also monitors the main plant components, allowing offline collection of data on efficiencies. New hardware was installed to monitor battery state of charge and conditions; deep discharge conditions were never reached. Periodic investigations of photovoltaic array wiring identified damaged strings and repairs were carried out. Extensive damage was caused to the plant by lightning strikes and an outline of improved lightning protection has been prepared. The direct current to direct current to direct current battery charger has performed at excellent efficiency. No decay in performance over 8 years was detected. Performance of the inverters could not be assessed, since measurements were subject to unknown error. Overall pumping efficiency averaged 72 to 73%. No degradation of photovoltaic module performance was detected; only a few modules had to be replaced. Since start-up in 1984 the ZAMBELLI photovoltaic pumping station supplies drinking water to a village reservoir in the Lessinia mountain area near Verona (Italy) against a pumping head of 350 metres. This completely automatic remote monitored stand-alone system includes two variable frequency AC inverter 35 kW pumps connected directly to the PV array and a battery powered control/monitoring system. Under Joule programme it is intended to improve further system reliability and to take advantage of this precisely monitored plant as an experimental test bench for PV systems, components, performance prediction, design and sizing techniques. The following activities are foreseen: – The performance advantage of Max. Power Point Tracking in comparison to constant voltage control and to direct battery connection shall be measured over 1 year. – Inverter and DC/DC battery charger performance shall be measured and characterized precisely. – Battery State of Charge (SOC) control shall be validated through monitoring/testing of battery. – Detailed battery monitoring shall allow to investigate actual battery behaviour (degradation) during lifetime, and to improve diagnostic and maintenance techniques. – Malfunctions/failures/damages in PV modules, array cabling, diodes, wear and tear, water infiltrations shall be investigated to improve array design criteria. – A repair/test programme shall identify suitable solutions for in-field PV module repairs, particularly concerning sealant failures caused by solar UV radiation. – Improvements in lighting protections : lessons learned from 2 lightning strike damages suffered by the plant during its lifetime shall be brought to actual application.
10345	JOU20305	nan	European solar radiation atlas					1994-05-01	1997-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	301	Objectives and Deliverables : A ‘Solar Radiation Atlas’ will be produced providing meteorological and radiation information for solar architects and engineers. The geographic area will cover the whole European continent and the bordering regions on the Mediterranean of North Africa and Asia. The information will be in form of the following deliverables: – an atlas with multicoloured maps displaying global and diffuse/direct solar radiation, air temperature, humidity and other information in the form of tables and diagrammes. – a PC-data base and programme package containing the information in the atlas in digital form to permit the generation of meteo- and solar radiation input data for the most important design problems in solar passive and active technology. A problem-oriented package of PCprogrammes for the most common engineering applications will be included. – a users guide book Additionally – as the first and most urgent action – the European Solar Radiation Atlas of 1984 will be reprinted (English language only) with minor adjustments and a PC-compatible database. Brief DescriPtion of the Resarch Project 1. Reprinting of the 1984 European Solar Radiation Atlas In order to give satisfaction to numerous reclamations from researchers, teachers and students, the old atlas will be reprinted (in English language only) with slight modifications and with a digital version of the tabulated measured radiation values as well as the major subroutines for calculating derived values (radiation on inclined surfaces etc.). 2. Preparing the new Atlas The whole project will cover 5 distinct tasks which all have – a task leader – a working group – an input – a working period – an output – a reporting scheme.
10750	JOU20352	nan	EURO-TMDC: MOS2 AND WS2 thin films for photovoltaic applications					1994-03-01	1996-02-28		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	304	The need for inexpensive and highly efficient solar cells forces the exploration of new semiconductors which satisfy the photovoltaic criteria. For large scale applications, economic, ecological, chemical and electronic properties have to be taken into account: Resource abundance, ease of fabrication, especially thin film technologies, long term stability and non-toxicity. The transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC’s) MoS2 and WS2 fulfill all these requirements. First solid state devices based on untreated WS2 thin films exhibited already reasonable open circuit voltages (up to 550 mV under 85 mW/cm2 AM 1.5 simulated sun illumination) despite a non optimized, planar diode geometry. The properties of the MoS2 and WS2 thin films, which are of photovoltaic interest, are almost identical. They depend on composition, structure and morphology and can be optimized by a suitable choice of deposition parameters. The aim of the proposed project is to study the solar cell performance of MoS2 and WS2 thin film devices dependent on different preparation techniques and chemical treatments. With respect to device fabrication MoS2 and WS2 films will be deposited on metallic or semiconducting contacts by the following preparation techniques: CVD, MOCVD, chemical deposition, electrochemical deposition, synthesis by solid state reaction, sputtering, and screen printing. With ZnO or ITO as emitter material heterojunctions will be prepared. Chemical treatments and intercalation experiments will be carried out in order to optimize the material and device properties. All the participants in the EURO*TMDC project are experts in thin film preparation and characterization of TMDC’s. The EURO*TMDC project brings now an unique opportunity to concentrate both experiences concerning the material properties of TMDC thin films as well as the solar cell device fabrication. Thus, the innovation supported by the European Community will be the development of thin film solar cells containing abundant and non-toxic elements.
10811	JOU20439	SOLARGIS	Integration of renewable energies for decentralized electricity production in regions of EEC and developing countries					1994-06-01	1996-05-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30409	Decentralized electricity production inside the European Community and in Developing Countries is an important potential market for Renewable Energy (RE) systems using wind or solar energy. The objective of the Solargis project is to perform integration studies at a regional level, which will determine the best sites and the appropriate technologies, and thus the global potential for RE systems. Such studies will be of high interest for the regional authorities and electric utilities that can support the development of RE systems. The project will develop an original methodology, based on the use of a Geographical Information System (GIS) linked to some specific tools for technico-economical evaluation. This methodology will be applied on three EC regions (Sicily, Andalucia, and Crete), and three regions of Developing Countries (Republic of Cabo Verde, Algeria and India). Beside the six integration studies, the dissemination of the results will be promoted by the publication of a specific report giving the Guidelines for the Elaboration of Regional Integration Plans for Decentralized Electricity Production with Renewable Energies. Renewable energy systems for electricity production have been largely studied for the last decade. Several tools are today available for sizing and optimizing any system (using PV arrays, wind turbines, …) in any configuration (stand alone, grid connected, with or without storage, hybrid systems, …). However, the determination of the potential for such systems at a regional scale requires to undertake comprehensive integration studies. The Solargis project is intended: . To provide a methodology for such integration studies, that will include the use of a Geographical Information System . To lead integration studies in six selected regions Seven european laboratories are involved in the project. They will participate to the common methodology elaboration and be responsible for its application in the selected regions, which are: . Sicily (studied by Conphoebus, IT) . Andalucia (studied by CIEMAT, SP) . Crete (studied by CRES, GR) . Region of Cabo Verde (studied by INESC, PO) . Region of Algeria (studied by ARMINES,FR) . Region of India (studied by RAL, UK, and NMRC, IRL) These studies will be completed in close collaboration with electric utilities or regional authorities responsible for energy planning.
10906	JOU20358	nan	Solar/regeneration supported infrastructure development concept					1994-01-01	1995-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	304	Three possible sites in Dresden, Leipzig and St. Wendel will be evaluated for an infrastructure development, which combines active solar systems, motor-based combined heat and power plants and seasonal heat storage in the ground. The work comprises the analysis of the load profile for electricity supply and heating demand, as well as cooling and hot water requirements. The most recent development in modular combined heat and power technology will be evaluated and possibilities to use biomass as a fuel will be examined. The possible use of heat pumps will be studied and the various energy sources will be integrated with a ground storage system to be used as a secondary heat source during winter and for return cooling in summer.
10967	JOU20155	nan	Development of a stand-alone PV power system for remote villages, making use of pumped water energy storage: An intelligent integration of a PV power system in a remote village with partial central and partial decentral PV power supply					1992-11-01	1996-04-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30404	The main objectives of the project are the following : To develop and install a stand-alone PhotoVoltaic plant with an optimum combination of centralised and decentralised PV generator for energy supply in remote villages. Almost all stand-alone PhotoVoltaic plants are equipped with battery storage systems. Batteries are expensive and heavy, have a comparatively short life expectancy and need permanent monitoring and maintenance. Experience with PV installations shows that for those complex systems battery monitoring and maintenance cannot be guaranteed in remote areas. This leads to a demand for PV plants with reliable energy storage systems at remote sites e.g. in villages far from an electricity network. Different concepts will be elaborated and evaluated from the technical and non-technical standpoint. The efficient use of water as energy storage will be examined as an innovative alternative to battery storage. Due to the multi-use capability of pumped water (energy storage, drinking water, irrigation), and almost unlimited storage duration, water is an ideal energy storage medium for remote areas in Europe. Furthermore it is a continuous clean and environmentally compatible energy storage. Water energy storage facilitates meeting the needs and capabilities of the population (no sophisticated equipment like batteries) resulting in better acceptance. The expected results mainly concern the following: Development of a mathematical model for optimum PV plant design using pumped water as energy storage. This model will be validated with data taken from PV plant installation(s) that use water as energy storage. The technical difficulties of a complicated installation will be confronted in-situ and the effectiveness of solar collection, storage and use of solar power will be examined.
10983	JOU20141	EUROCIS II	Chalcopyrite based thin film solar cells, upscaling for submodule production and fundamental studies for improved materials and devices					1992-11-01	1995-10-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30402	Chalcopyrite (Copper-Indium-Selenide) based solar cells are attracting great interest for large scale photovoltaic applications because of their good stability, high efficiency and potential for low cost. This project continues and extends the successful work performed by the EUROCIS group in the JOULE programme. The experience of the different groups participating provides an efficient basis for research on this complex material. The scientific and technological objectives of the project were fully met, and they represent results with significant potential in a very innovative and promising field. Record values of efficiencies were achieved. Minimodules with substrate areas up to 100 cm2 were constructed with a series connection of up to 15 cells on a glass substrate. The aperture area efficiency for small modules reached 12.4%, while larger modules of 100 cm2 were more than 10% efficient. The project team made significant progress in understanding basic material and device properties, and using this knowledge could then fabricate solar cells using CIS with efficiencies of more than 17%. In order to introduce this promising technology on a production level it is necessary to take the first steps in upscaling and also to evaluate the future potential of this material by fundamental studies. The work on CuInSe2 and related semiconductors is carried out along 2 lines : A) Upscaling the most advanced technologies resulting from the previous EUROCIS programme. A minimodule with the dimensions 7×7 cm2 with a series connection of 6-8 cells on a glass substrate will be realized. In this part of the project, deposition processes on larger areas and patterning and interconnects will be studied. The goal is an aperture area efficiency of more than 10 %. B) Fundamental study of alternative low cost deposition processes and studies of chalcopyrite based materials and devices. This part of the programme is intended to provide scientific support to the module fabrication program and to develop alternative possibly more advantages processes. Furthermore new device designs and new, related materials are investigated. The goals of this part are the development of low cost deposition processes and evaluation of their feasibility. By investigating new device structures and materials, devices with an efficiency of more 16% will be realized.
11029	JOU20245	nan	Combined multiple renewable energy source system simulator facility					1993-01-01	1995-06-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30408	The aim of the proposed project is the construction of a facility to study the behaviour of a hybrid diesel-wind turbinephotovoltaic generator system with a battery pack as storage/ballast, feeding a small isolated grid and to train personnel from electric power utilities in such operating systems. The test facility constructed during this project is unique in Europe. The project team has developed both a software and a hardware simulator for long-term analysis of hybrid system behaviour. The tests identified opportunities for fuel savings and optimising the design of the system by using different configurations and control strategies. The efficiency of the system varied considerably depending on the configuration and the control strategy used. This indicates that it is essential to understand the interactions between the generators used and the load distribution to achieve maximum efficiencies in hybrid systems. The use of this facility, unique in Europe in the planned form, will be of great help in solving problems of sizing renewable energy systems for investment economy and cooperation for operating economy and reliability, with the conventional sources as part of hybrid plants. This system is able to simulate not only long term behaviour, but also to reproduce short term transient phenomena which have lately attracted much interest. For longer period or larger scale simulation, a logistical computer model will also need to be developed which will include all the above-mentioned components. This model will draw on the experience of the partners who realised similar models in the past and will include novel features especially regarding the control strategy capibilities. The final aim of the project is the use of the simulator to model two existing small grids. The results of such a study will provide the data base for the validation of the computer simulation code and also become available as a data set to anyone interested in validating similar models. With both hardware and computer simulators running, a first attempt to train a small group of isolated power station dispatchers will be carried out to provide experience and underline possible troubleshoots in the projected use of the facility as training school.
11134	JOU20112	nan	Integration assessment of PV energy sources in rural areas					1992-12-01	1994-05-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30404	Several studies in Europe have focused on the problems of connecting solar and wind installations to the utility grid. Most of them have been addressed to particular problems (interconnection scheme, protection devices, …). This project is an attempt to make progress through an in-depth study of the connection of Photo-Voltaic systems in rural areas. The research project deals with the problems involved in integrating a large number of domestic photovoltaic installations into an existing rural electric grid. The main objective of this collaborative project is to explore in depth the technical questions involved in the interlinking (ratio photovoltaic capacity/total load) of domestic PV installations with rural medium voltage distribution grids. The researchers developed models to simulate the effects of PV integration into a rural electricity grid. The results of the analysis determined technical limits for PV penetration at the distribution level. It also assessed the impact of the presence of many PV sources on the network, in particular identifying the effects on harmonic disturbance. Theoretical analyses and simulation of results identified a limit value for PV penetration of 150% (the ratio between installed PV capacity and the total load). This limit value could not be tested practically because there are no local grids yet established that have such a high load of PV. The Project includes : Determination of the technical limits for PV at the distribution level(maximum PV penetration level). Analysis of the technical problems related with this penetration: harmonic distortion, reactive energy flow, load compatibility, … Study of the harmonic voltage and current propagation in the selected grid and of the actual grid energy saved by PV penetration and reduction in losses Analysis of the possibilities and technical conditions for ‘self-supplied areas’. Development of an analytical tool to analyze the integration of the PV systems in medium voltage rural grids composed of: simulation programs for power flow, photovoltaic and harmonic power flow; including minor programs for adaptation to allow these three programs work. This project is undertaken at European level because PV energy is becoming useful as a native and natural renewable energy source, especially in most of the Mediterranean European countries.
11199	JOU20071	nan	Design of a low voltage DC domestic system for component testing					1992-11-01	1994-10-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30404	The objectives of this project are to compile detailed guidelines for the design and construction of highly efficient low voltage DC domestic systems powered by Photovoltaic and wind energy. These guidelines will be applied to the design of a domestic application incorporating component testing facilities. The project team successfully tested a wide range of DC components, compiled guidelines for standard tests and completed the catalogue and handbook. The investigations identified significant differences between declared and measured performance of some commercial components, as well as remarkable design deficiencies and consequent user dissatisfaction for some components and systems. A number of problems were identified on the demand side, in which lighting, televisions, pumps and refrigerators were analysed in detail. The researchers suggested possible areas for improvement. These included independent testing of components to ensure accuracy and reliability of manufacturers’ data, continued performance monitoring, and training of system designers and installers to ensure matching of energy demands with supply. There are essentially four main goals in the project : (1) Develop specifications for testing of components. (2) Compile a catalogue of low voltage domestic DC components currently available on the market. (3) Provide guidelines for the selection and application of components in low voltage DC systems. (4) Specify the design of a low voltage DC domestic system for component testing. The project is being undertaken at a European level because there are few suppliers of low voltage components in Ireland and secondly, the main applications of low voltage PV/wind systems are in remote isolated areas in Spain, Italy and Greece. Expected Results : (1) A catalogue of suppliers and distributors of low voltage domestic DC components. (2) Specifications of test procedures for the testing of components. (3) Guidelines for the selection and application of components in low voltage DC systems. (4) Detailed design criteria for a practical low voltage DC domestic system. (5) A handbook on low voltage DC system design.
11250	JOU20074	nan	Research at the Fota and Sprayfield PV installations					1992-11-01	1994-10-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30404	The Fota (50kWp) pilot plant and the Sprayfield (5.5kWp) demonstration plant are test centres for photovoltaic systems and components. They were constructed as part of European programmes to investigate applications of large PV systems. The results of research on the photovoltaic systems will be used to improve the design of PV systems and to determine the feasibility of small domestic PV/wind grid connected systems. Under the JOULE II program the PV systems research is being divided into three areas namely: 1) Batteries Research will be carried out to compare the performance of two 24V batteries, one with electrolyte agitation and one without agitation. 2) Power Conditioning The research will involve comparing a transformerless and a PW inverter in a domestic application. A low cost system for analysing inverters in PV systems will be developed for this comparison. 3) Domestic PV/wind System This will involve the integration of a 3kW wind energy converter into the Sprayfield 5.5kWp domestic PV demonstration plant. This project is being carried out at a European level because the Fota pilot and Sprayfield demonstration plants were constructed as part of European programs to investigate applications of large PV system. Expected Results : 1) Batteries The results will be from tests carried out on two 24V, 250Ah Varta bloc batteries. The specific data for the two batteries that will be obtained are : – variation of battery capacity, charge and energy efficiency over 18 months. – frequency distribution of cell voltages and specific gravities during charging and discharging. – internal resistance 2) Power Conditioning Tests will be carried out on a 5kW PWM inverter from Sunpower and the 5kW transformerless Fraunhofer-ISE inverters. These tests will yield the following results : – efficiency values under varying load and irradiation values. – harmonic power levels and total harmonic distortion. The other major outcome from research into power conditioning will be a low cost device for analysing inverter performance. 3) Wind Project – Detailed study of wind regime around the site using WASP. – Simulation of generator performance over 12 months. – Study of turbines suitable for Sprayfield site. – Detailed design of PV/wind system. – Performance data for a 12 month period of operation. – Report on problems relating to installation and operation. The results from this research will be used to improve the design of PV systems and to determine the feasibility of small domestic PV/wind grid connected systems.
11296	JOU20179	MULTICHESS 2	Concepts for high efficiency multi-crystalline silicon solar cells, part 2					1992-10-01	1996-03-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30401	The purpose of this project is to develop a good compromise between low cost and high efficiency for polycrystalline ingot-type silicon solar cells. On the one hand efficient laboratory cells will be made, using micro-electronic technologies to assess the limit of intrinsic possibilities. On the other hand there will be a trade-off with cost using industrially oriented technology for certain steps. High efficiency and low cost solar cell modules are the 2 important requirements for the breakthrough of photovoltaics. Of course, efficiency also indirectly contributes to the overall system cost, because of the balance-of-system costs (BOS). The higher the BOS costs, the more important the role of efficiency becomes. The efficiency and cost of solar cell modules are sometimes conflicting parameters, because cheaper techniques of fabrication usually lead to lower efficiency. The project goals are : * a best (lab) efficiency of 15.5-16% on 10×10 cm * an ‘industrial efficiency’ of app. 15% on 10×10 cm * The direct goal cost is < 1.5 ECU/Wp A lot of attention will also be paid to the quality of the ingot material. Studies will be done to understand the difference in gettering mechanism on the different multicrystalline materials under study. In other words: the relation between structural, compositional and electrical properties of the substrate material and in function of the production step history will be clarified further.
11303	JOU20117	nan	Development of an integration scheme for renewable energies in municipalities taking into account the interfaces between municipality and surrounding regions					1992-12-01	1995-02-28		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30408	So far the use of renewable energ at the urban level has been on a scattershop basis: a photovoltaic is applied to a public building, a photovoltaic energy supported power station is built by a local power supplier, etc. There is no overall concept of how to use renewable energy at the municipal level anywhere in Europe. A comprehensive implementation tool for renewable energy in municipalities is lacking. The main objective of this work is the conception of a methodology to plan the integration of renewable energy in municipalities. The outcome of this work will permit specification of renewable energy use strategies taking into account cost and environmental impact for each municipality involved. It will furthermore take into account the specific interfaces between the municipality and the surrounding region. Application of renewable energies on urban level has been done until now based on very punctual decisions: a photovoltaic facade was realized on a public building, a photovoltaic energy supported power station was built by a local power supplier, etc. An overall concept, how to use renewable energies in municipalities, is not available in Europe. A comprehensive implementation tool for renewable energies in municipalities is lacking. This applies to all regions of Europe and therefore a European wide approach is done: Six European cities and local power suppliers are working together on that task. The integration tool for renewable energies will be developed in such a way, that it can be applied to different European cities. The expected results of this concerted approach is an implementation strategy for renewable energies in European municipalities. This strategy takes into account technical, economic, socio-economic, and legal frame conditions. It will be worked out in such a way that the interfaces between municipality and surrounding region and the impact derived from the surrounding region will be respected. The finalized implementation tool for renewable energies will be disseminated to European communities, municipalities, regional organisations and local power suppliers. Scientists, designers and all decision makers involved in strategic energy planning in municipalities will benefit from the outcome of this project.
11348	JOU20036	nan	Conception, réalisation, tests d’une chambre froide photovoltaique					1992-11-01	1994-10-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30409	Food preservation in photovoltaic cold storage presents various practical technical problems. The high cost of photovoltaic generators requires the optimization of electrical consumption to reduce the initial investment to the lowest possible figure. The equipment’s life should be long, especially for the batteries which are often the weakest element of the technological chain. That’s why it’s important to conceive a system which relies, as little as possible, on the batteries. It is necessary to conceive reliable equipment having simple and light upkeep procedures for isolated places. The only currently existing products using photovoltaic cooling are simple refrigerators or freezers supplied by standard photovoltaic generators. These devices are conceived for domestic applications in rural electrification programs, or for preserving vaccine in dispensary equipment programmes. They supply limited storage volumes (max. 300 liters) and large charge electric consumptions. The result expected is the development of a high performance photovoltaic refrigerating system, reliable and minimal in cost, well suited to the needs of small agroalimentary preserving units, in developing countries. A cold room adapted to needs will be consist of two joined cells : – one cell at \1 degrees C ; volume = 2.5m3 for storage of fish, meat, game – one cell at \6 degrees C ; volume = 2.5m3 for storage of fruits and green vegetables The expected efficiency is an electricity consumption of 4500[Wh/day] in difficult climatic conditions.
11385	EV5V0558	nan	Utilization of monoliths for photocatalytic destruction of organic pollutants in gaseous emissions					1994-11-01	1996-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-ENV 1C	202	The project aims to provide the technical basis for the application of photocatalytic oxidation processes to accomplish the complete destruction of volatile and semivolatile persistent organic toxic and hazardous pollutants in gaseous emissions. More explicitly, the objectives are : a) to demonstrate the feasibility of the process to treat waste stream VOC concentrations in the range 10 – 10000 ppm for organic pollutants (e.g. toluene, xylenes, naftalene, TCE) b) to develop monolithic catalysts (honeycomb structures) including matrix design, manufacture and active phases selection c) to optimize photoreactor configuration and performance using theoretical models, with prediction of energy efficiency and chemical conversion d) to determine the technical and engineering boundary conditions by means of furnace-scale tests. 1st phase: Gas-phase photocatalytic detoxification with Xenon lamp The aims of this first phase are to define an useful catalyst to destroy the VOC, and to identify and determine the characteristic parameters of the chemical reactions with lab-scale tests, as well as analytical and engineering systems associated to the process. * GAS-solid heterogeneous photocatalytic tests : In an experimental photoreactor, activity tests at lab scale will be carried out, with and without catalyst monoliths, to measure the photodegradability of the molecules at different conditions. * Catalytic monoliths development : Monoliths with different active phases (based on TiO2, V2O5, CuO and other semiconductors) will be prepared, characterized and tested in the photoreactor with different model VOCs. * Numerical model of photoreactor performance As a result of the computer modelling, detailed profiles of the solid- and gas-phase temperatures, fluid compositions, chemical reaction rates and chemical energy conversion as functions of position in the catalyst will be proposed. 2nd phase; Detoxification of VOC waste streams at engineering-scale In this second phase a solar powered furnace will be used for engineering-scale tests. Methodology is similar to that described within phase 1. Specific operational and scale up problems influencing the final efficiency of the process will be studied such as photon flux daily variation, start-up and close-down. With results and experiences coming from phases 1 and 2, the final feasibility of this technology can be assessed. A pre-industrial application would be suggested as a straightforward continuation of the project.
11411	JOU20027	nan	New and more stable a-Si: H based materials for photovoltaics					1992-11-01	1995-10-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30402	The project is concerned with enhancing the stability of the intrinsic layer of a-Si:H (Silicon-Hydrogen) based solar cells. The well-known problem of light degradation of a-Si:H films, will be studied by parallel and interactive examination of the properties of the plasma and the material. The basic idea behind this approach is to optimize the deposition conditions in order to obtain not the lowest defect density in the as-deposited state, but the lowest defect density after light exposure. In this direction the stability problem will be addressed through the study of a-Si:H based materials grown under deposition conditions which differ from today’s optimum conditions. In particular the study will include deposition at higher temperatures, at high deposition rates from Silane-Helium mixtures, low-hydrogen content films deposited from SiF4-H2 mixtures, low-gap a-Si, Ge:H films, a-Si:H films deposited under strong ion bombardment, deposition assisted by visible/UV light, in modulated plasma conditions and in very different discharge geometries. Thus it is possible to obtain very different a-Si:H films that have more stable properties. The different plasma conditions will be extensively studied by advanced optical and electrical diagnostics while film growth will be examined by in-situ elipsometry. The study will include the combination of accelerated light-soaking techniques, the use of recent models to analyze the kinetics of the Staebler-Wronski effect in a-Si:H based materials and p-in-n solar cells, and the full characterization of the deposited films. The combined approach should permit identification of the main material parameters which determine the creation of metastable defects, and by correlation to the plasma parameters the definition of the optimum conditions for the production of the films with the lowest metastable defect density and the highest device efficiency in the light-soaked state. The optimized conditions will be used for the fabrication of p-in-n solar cells, while the experience gained will be transferred to SOLEMS for the production of modules. The goals of this project include the achievement of an 11% stable 1cm2 solar cell and a 9% stable module.
11616	EV5V0086	nan	Pathways from Small Scale Experiments to Sustainable Regional Development					1993-01-01	1994-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-ENV 1C	305	To analyze the operation of the diffusion mechanisms capable of leading to the widespread use of environmentally sound technologies drawing upon experience in Denmark, Austria and Greece. The project provide an analysis of three case studies. These are: i the widespread adoption of solar water heaters in Greece; ii the extensive application of windmills in Denmark, to generate electricity; iii the successful use of biomass, mainly of forest origin, to fuel district heating systems in Austria; The analysis of the barriers and driving forces that lead or inhibit the diffusion of technologies concentrates upon two vectors. First, diffusion which is brought about through market driven activity. This includes such issues as price, demand, learning costs and cultural influences such as fashion. The second vector is the development of grassroots movements, organised to adopt technology which is better applied collectively than individually – such as district heating. The study documents the diffusion process mechanisms from the pre-commercial phase through to full scale implementation at the regional level. The project seeks to identify how the diffusion process may be improved and accelerated and examine in particular, what sort of policy options that local, national governmental and international policy makers may use to encourage this development.
11764	JOU20026	nan	Comparison and optimisation of efficiencies of thin-film solar cells					1993-01-01	1994-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30402	This project deals with the problems of thin-film solar cells aimed at finding the most promising combinations of semiconductor materials for efficient, reliable and cost effective photovoltaic power production (the availability of raw materials and processing costs). . The film and the base of the solar cells to be studied are in general different semiconductor materials and their forbidden energy gaps are therefore different. We intend to continue the task, begun by various workers about twenty years ago, of modelling by theoretical means these so-called heterojunctions. Some may have additional intermediate layers, some may have band gaps which vary with position in space, and other complicating factors will have to be taken into account. Notably there is the loss of current carriers which have been generated by solar radiation due to various forms of recombination; these carriers are therefore not available for the production of an electric current. Various combinations of materials have been considered in the past and one of our aims is to focus on these and on related materials in order to find the combinations of greatest promise from the efficiency point of view, provided of course other common-sense requirements are also satisfied, eg the raw materials should be reasonably cheap and the device should be reasonable stable.
11780	JOU20049	nan	A new type of stable amorphous silicon thin film solar module with PIN / TCO / NIP structure					1992-11-01	1995-10-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30402	Solar cells made from hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) with pin structure are well established for powering such consumer devices as watches, pocket calculators and small battery chargers. However, the application of a-Si:H solar modules in the power market is mainly impeded by the light-induced degradation during operation (Staebler-Wronski-Effect). The use of thin i-layers reduces this degradation, but also the amount of absorbed light. The objective of this project is to develop a new type of stocked solar cells having the structure pir/TCO/Nip. In stacked solar cells, single junctions with thin i-layers are combined In stacked solar cells, single junctions with thin i-layers are combined and a sufficiently large absorption length is obtained. Conventionally, and a sufficiently large absorption length is obtained. Conventionally, stacked solar cells have the structure pin/pin and consist stacked solar cells have the structure pin/pin and consist of two pin-junctions deposited on top of each other which are electrically of two pin-junctions deposited on top of each other which are electrically connected in series. connected in series. In order to achieve a high conversion efficiency, the generated photocurrents in both junctions have to be equal. This In order to achieve a high conversion efficiency, the generated photocurrents in both junctions have to be equal. represents a stringent condition on the two individual i-layer thicknesses which is even more difficult to satisfy in a large area deposition. In our This represents a stringent condition on the two individual i-layer thicknesses which is even more difficult to satisfy in a large area project we want to develop a new type of stacked solar cells having the structure pin/TCO/nip (TCO=transparent conductive oxide). In this deposition. In our project we want to develop a new type of stacked solar cells having structure the two subcells (pin and nip) are electrically connected in parallel and the two photocurrents simply add up independently of the the structure pin/TCO/nip (TCO=transparent conductive oxide). In this structure the two subcells (pin and nip) are electrically i-layer thicknesses. The two n-layers are directly combined via the TCO-layer in between and the two p-layers will be connected via the front-connected in parallel and the two photocurrents simply add up independently of the i-layer thicknesses. and back-electrode by suitable patterning of the entire solar module. Finally, an integrated solar module having solar cell stripes of parallel The two n-layers are directly combined via the TCO-layer in between and the two p-layers will be connected via the front- and back-electrode by connected stacked cells and showing a stabilized efficiency of 10 % will be developed. suitable patterning of the entire solar module. Finally, an integrated solar module having solar cell stripes of parallel connected stacked cells and showing a stabilized efficiency of 10 % will be developed.
11879	JOU20023	nan	Polysilicon emitter technology for silicon solar cells					1993-01-01	1994-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30401	As the environmental costs associated with fossil and nuclear fuels become more apparent, the case for clean energy sources, such as solar cells, becomes increasingly strong. The major problem with solar cells is the efficiency with which the light is converted into electrical energy and the fabrication costs. This research project directly addresses these problems by applying recent and revolutionary developments in silicon bipolar technology to the fabrication of silicon solar cells. The results showed large reductions in series resistance of solar cells with polysilicon emitter technology contacts. The researchers demonstrated that a fluorine implant had a double effect on the performance of the cells: it reduced the series resistance and improved the passivation of the surface of the cell. Overall, an efficiency of 15.3% was achieved by using a back polysilicon contact. The particular development of interest is the polysilicon emitter, which has led to a factor of more than five in circuit speed over the last ten years. The application of this technology to silicon solar cells should lead to significant improvements in efficiency. Preliminary calculations suggest improvements in the efficiency of state of the art solar cells. There is also no way of improving low recombination emitter design which would lead to large improvements. The concept underlying the low recombination polysilicon emitter is the minimization of all components of recombination. In a state of the art polysilicon emitter two recombination terms generally dominate, namely recombination in the single crystal emitter and recombination at the polysilicon-silicon interface. The first term is minimized by using novel fabrication techniques to decrease the doping concentration in the single crystal emitter, thereby reducing Auger recombination. The second term is minimized by passivating the interface states using a technique recently developed at Southampton University. The application of this technique to bipolar transistors has led to world record gain transistors.
11913	JOU20149	nan	Real-time plant diagnostic and management of dispersed PV and battery grid-connected systems in municipalities and stand-alone systems in remote areas					1992-11-01	1995-07-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30204	The objectives are to : 1) develop a real-time monitoring system for stand-alone PhotoVoltaic plants, which can prevent premature failures and assist system performance optimization, 2) provide a rapid glance analysis capability and reduce the maintenance time, and 3) define design and operational guidelines and techniques for real-time monitoring and plant management. The project deals with the development of a real-time monitoring system for stand-alone PV plants and for grid connected PV and plants combined with batteries. Starting with the analysis and definition of requirements, a plant diagnostic and control system will be developed and implemented, followed by a system adapted to high voltage batteries. The evaluation of the results will finally lead to the development of design guidelines.
11918	JOU20111	nan	Development of stand-alone PV systems in the 3 to 6 KW range for utility service options					1993-01-01	1994-06-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30206	The objective of the project is to identify cases where PV systems are cheaper than normal or bridge-projects to assure service before future grid connection in remote or complicated places. Other objectives involve the technical and legal aspects of developing a transportable PV system and a definition of ‘photovoltaic legal contract’. The project made a large effort to develop a common methodology for the economic evaluation of the various types of PV plant under review. Capital costs for all systems fell into a reasonably tight range (11.22 to 16.80 ECU/Wp); the main price differences being for the inverter, battery charge collector, auxiliary generator and land. The use of standard components and bulk purchases reduced the total system costs for all PV plants. However, operational and maintenance cost data were not available for all PV plants, so further investigation is necessary. Assessment of component designs identified a range of issues which should be addressed. These included the: input voltage to the inverter; failure rate of the batteries; and, battery sizing with respect to discharge, temperature, and number of cycles. Finally, the project found no legal or institutional impediments to the implementation of stand-alone PV plants, although the widespread application of PV systems is hindered mainly by the current overall cost level. The aim of the study is to define a reliable, low cost PhotoVoltaic package which could be adopted by utilities as an alternative to wire-conditioner service. The contractors will carry out the following subtasks : A) Study of technical aspects – Configuration – Quality power supply. B) Study of economical aspects – O&M costs – KWH costs – Identification of application cases. C) Study of legal aspects – Analyze existing cases – Legal frame definition – Legal contract proposal.
11920	JOU20061	nan	A new photovoltaic desalination plant					1992-12-01	1994-11-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30404	The main characteristics of reverse osmosis desalination make it useful to investigate the possibility of using solar energy to power a reverse osmosis desalination plant, by taking advantage of two complementary aspects of the problem: the need to desalinate sea water to obtain drinking water is larger where less rain falls and there are more sunny days per annum in such places. This project concerns the assessment of the feasibility of such a desalination plant. Italenergie Spa was present since the beginning (1979) in developing and testing the reverse osmosis process energized by a photovoltaic current generator. Near the direct energy absorption reduction, there are other possibilities to reduce energy consumption in solving other problems connected to the water pre-treatment steps, where the use of acid solutions to sterilize the water involved the use of electrical motors to inject and dose the acids and mainly a very short lifespan of all the components touched by the infected solutions, above all the high pressure pumps and membranes. As the main efforts of the producers of reverse osmosis plants were and are mainly in the pressure pumps and in the membrane development, Italenergie devolved its efforts in the solutio of the sea water pretreatment and fresh water after-treatment, always in the aim to improve the water quality and to reduce the energy absorption. The experimental results have to be transferred in a new conceived plant near a new photovoltaic current generator of 100 KWp realized by the Commune of Tremiti Islands, which will work in parallel with the already existing 65 KWp. The reverse osmosis shall have a rate of 6 m3/h of desalinated water. The input of sea water, considering a filtration efficiency of the membrane of 42%, will be of about 14 m3/h.
11921	JOU20147	nan	Development of photovoltaic systems for insect pest management					1992-11-01	1995-01-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30404	Photovoltaics have been incorporated into many applications, but, so far, have not been used to power insect pest control systems to protect a specific facility against harmful insects. The main objective of the project is to develop prototype stand alone PV powered electrocuting light traps for insect pest control in remote areas. Specific objectives are: a) Identification and verification of optimized configurations and placement of individual electrocuting light trap units in a greenhouse, stable, camping and lucerne plantation to control specific kinds of insects harmful to human beings, animals and crops, considering cost effective design and high power utilization, and b) development of guide lines, specifications for complete PV powered electrocuting light traps as well as for their key components and recommendations for their most effective operation. It is expected that these electrocuting light traps, as part of an integrated insect pest management system, will reduce the population of different kinds of harmful insects to a tolerable level, below the economic threshold, thus avoiding extensive use of insecticides. In Europe and developing countries there is a promising field for application of these systems and especially in facilities like stables, campgrounds, protected crops as well as open plantations where there is no electricity network and the use of insecticides is extensive.
11962	RENA940014	STEM	Solar thermal electricity in the Mediterranean: feasibility study for integrated solar combined cycle systems for electricity production with parabolic troughs in the Mediterranean area					1995-01-01	1996-06-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan	The STEM project is a Feasibility Study to assess the performance improvements and the cost reduction potential of Direct Solar Steam (DISS) generation with large parabolic trough collector field when integrated into 100-200MW Combined Cycle power plants in the Mediterranean Area. The goal in STEM is twofold. . First: Develop the conceptual design for a commercial scale 100-200MWe integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) demonstration plant integrating a solar field applying DISS. The benefits of a bottoming seawater desalination system will be investigated. A specific reference site in Southern Spain as well as in Morocco will be chosen for these comparisons. . Second: Prepare the large scale testing of the DISS (Direct Solar Steam) process and of the most promising research concepts in the competitiveness path, affecting performances, investment and/or O&M costs. This includes the detailed desiqn of a test loop at the Plataforma Solar de Almeria (PSA) in Spain for testing the DISS concept ans recommendations for the further improvement of the technology. As a result of our goals, the main tasks in the STEM feasibility study we have to perform area. . Potential Review for solar thermal electricity generation in the Mediterranean Area. . Review and selection of one reference site in Spain and one in Morocco Review of existing SEGS plants. Review of Integrated Solar System (ISCCS) concepts with state of the art HTF solar fields as reference case for performance and cost comparison. . Conceptual design of the first commercial scale 100-200MWE combined cycle plant with an integrated DISS solar field.(North of Morocco and South of Spain) . Determination of the cost (investment, Levelized Electricity Cost -LEC-, O&M) and performance (output, fuel savings, emissions, availability) benefits of the DISS versus the HTF technology. . Design of a pilot test facility with DISS and HTF loops for concept verification and comparison . Parabolic trough technology for electricity: Selection of improvements The expected achievements is to prepare the demonstration of the existing technology and the research on the next cost-performance step forward, namely: . Quantify cost/performance benefits of DISS integrated in 100-20OMWe combined cycle plants. . Conceptual design of such a hybrid solar/fossil combined cycle plant with Direct Solar Steam generation. . Identify next technololical development steps in collector design and system optimization. . Elaborate detailed engineering for a DISS and HTF demonstration loop on the PSA.
11984	JOU20222	nan	Terschelling PV system research					1992-10-01	1995-09-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30404	The main objective of the R&D activities at the Terschelling PV/wind system is to develop a medium sized autonomous system (demand 50,000-200,000 kWh per year) which is suitable as a reliable source of energy for hospitals or workshops in remote areas. The system achieved 90-99% reliability during operation, the small lapses in operation occurred at the start of the monitoring when it was realised that the college’s energy demand was much less than had originally been estimated (40 MWh rather than up to 100 MWh). There were also a few interruptions with the diesel system. The share of renewables was 70-80%, about half of which was provided from wind and a quarter from PV. Costs of the system were comparable to those of a pure diesel system if the rating of the hybrid is optimised. The hybrid system becomes competitive if fuel prices are higher than 0.71 ECU/l. The specific goals of the ongoing project are to – obtain long-term data with respect to component ageing, – develop advanced PV-system and battery control strategies. Experience in Europe with hybrid PV/wind/diesel/battery systems is very limited. An important issue in the further improvement of these systems is the performance and the ageing of the battery. The main deliverables of the project will be an optimised battery control method and an optimised system control strategy. At the same time, data with respect to component ageing will be available and the system will be available as test bench for other newly developed components and control methods. Results from the project will be important for the economical and technical design optimisation of medium size autonomous hybrid systems and for the successful introduction of these systems as a reliable energy source for hospitals or workshops in remote areas.
11993	RENA940004	nan	Renewable energies on mediterranean islands: intervention guidelines and strategic tool					1995-01-01	1996-06-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan	THE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER COST OF CONVENTIONAL (GENERALLY DIESEL-DRIVEN) POWER ON MEDITERRANEAN ISLANDS IS FREQUENTLY HIDDEN BY SUBSIDIZED TARIFFS BUT, IF MADE EVIDENT, OPENS IN MANY CASES OPPORTUNITIES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGIES, WIND-POWER AND PV APPLICATIONS ARE FREQUENTLY ECONOMICALLY ADVANTAGOUS ON ISLANDS AS FOR MUCH SMALLER GAP TO BE OVERCOME BETWEEN ACTUAL GENERATED kWh COST AND THE COST OF POWER OF RENEWABLE ORIGIN. FURTHERMORE THE DISTRIBUTED GENERATION APPROACH AND THE MODULARITY OF RENEWABLES (E.G.PV ROOFTOPS) ALLOWS TO ACHIEVE A GRADUAL AND SMOOTH PASS-OVER FROM A CONVENTIONAL (DIESEL-POWERED) ISLAND GRID TO A RENEWABLE ENERGY POWERED GRID AND, WHAT IS MORE, RELEVANT INVESTMENTS CAN BE DISTRIBUTED OVER A LONGER TIME PERIOD. BY COMBINING THE EXPERIENCES GATHERED WHITH RENEWABLE ENERGY APPLICATIONS ON MEDITERRANEAN ISLANDS IN THREE DIFFERENT EU MEMBER COUNTRIES, NAMELY SPAIN, ITALY AND GREECE, THE WORK IN SUBJECT SHALL EXTRACT THE LESSONS LEARNED FROM THESE EXPERIENCE BY IDENTIFYING AND CHARACTERIZING: – THE OPPORTUNITIES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY APPLICATIONS ON THE MEDITERRANEAN ISLANDS, NAMELY FOR WIND-POWER, CENTRALISED PV POWER PLANTS, ISLAND-GRID CONNECTED PV-ROOFTOPS AND STAND-ALONE PV PLANTS; – THE PRESENTLY ISTALLED RENEWABLE ENERGY PLANTS ON THE MEDITERRANEAN ISLANDS, THEIR STRONG POINTS AND WEACKNESSES, EXPERIENCES CONCERNING THEIR INTEGRATION INTO THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LIFE OF THE ADDRESSED ISLANDS; – INSTITUTIONAL, ECONOMIC (E.G. GAP BETWEEN kWh RATES AND ACTUAL COST), SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS AFFECTING THE INTEGRATION AND PERFORMANCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY PLANTS ON ISLANDS; – ECONOMICS, COST-EFFECTIVENESS AND FINANCING SCHEMES APPEARING MOST PROMISING FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY APPLICATION ON THE MEDITERRANEAN ISLANDS.
12009	JOU20311	ARDISS	Advanced receiver for direct solar steam production in parabolic trough solar power plants					1994-12-01	1997-03-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	302	ARDISS: Solar thermal electricity is one of the most extensively used ways af using renewable energies in the world. The segs plants in California, using parabolic troughs, represent with theirs 354 MWe peak power supplied to the grid, more than the 95% of the whole share of the electricity produced by using solar energy. As the most promising line of development to speed up the commercialization of the Solar Powered Electricity production, we have identified the DISS (Direct Solar Steam) process, where the steam is produced in the receiver of the collector as the water is heated up by the sun, as it has the following advantages: – no danger of pollution or fire due to heat carrier, – elevation of upper temperature limit of the power cycle above 400 C, – no losses of exergy in heat exchangers, – increase in collector efficiency. Two of the main technical uncertainties of the Diss process are the lack of thermodynamic and heat and mass transfer data for the range of diameters – (10cm) and heat fluxes (25kW/m2) of interest in a collector of the selected size, and the prevision that the diameter is too high and the heat flux too low to guarantee the stability of the steam production. In that sense to in crease the heat fluxes on the receiver by reducing its diameter while maintaining the collector aperture width (increasing concentration ratio) is ve ry interesting. A way of increasing concentration without penalizing collec tor optical efficiency is to use a second stage concentrator of the CPC family integrated with the absorber in the receiver. In the project we present here, our goal is to analyze the constraints of the DISS process and to develop a receiver fulfilling the requirements of the DISS process. The achievements we expect, are: -To provide, by the expe rimental research on the thermodynamics of Diss, the basis to the development of an advanced solar trough collector for solar power plants and to – allow the design and layout of a test stand at the PSA; -To assess the theo retical and experimental performance of the receiver with the 2nd stage con centrator and of its influence on the DISS process;-To assess the potential of the electricity production applying the DES concept & the Concentrator
12045	RENA940046	nan	Study of the implications of long term large-scale market deployment (LSMD) of photovaltaic technology in Europe					1995-01-01	1995-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan	This study will assess photovoltaic (PV) potential markets in European Union (assuming 16 members countries), will determine implications of achieving these potential markets and will propose actions plans in order to achieve actual large scale market deployment (LSMD) of PV technology, to maximise advantages from this LSMD and to reduce impacts of potential problems due to this scale of deployment. PV market in europe will be evaluated at production and consumption level (EU and exports from EU) in 2010,2020, 2030. A large scale market deployment during this time frame will be assumed, both at european and global level. Size of markets and penetration rate will be assessed for niche markets (stand alone and consumers products), PV in buildings, PV as Demand Side Management and peak and bulk power. PV technolgy and costs changes will be evaluated and taken into account for these market evaluations. The implications of LSMD PV technology will be studied in depth at all levels: technical, economical, social, environmental. An emphasis will be put on positive impacts and on the means to maximise them: economic growth, employment, advantages for local and global environment and development… Potential negative impacts will also be assessed, and means to avoid them or lower them at the lowest level as possible will be proposed. The final report will contain strategic recommendations related to energy policies in order to achieve this LSMD of PV technology. They will be classified into different levels and actors: short, medium and long term, EC and national and local levels, PV industry and users associations, utilities and international agencies and organisations. The proposers will participate also to the dissemination of results of this study in the photovoltaic implementing agreement of the IEA (International Energy Agency), in order to compare results and recommendations with other ones issued from other studies on this topic made in North America and in the Pacific rim and which will be also discussed in this IEA PV implementing agreement .
12060	JOU20230	nan	The successful implementation of photovoltaics in developing countries					1992-12-01	1994-11-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30409	This work will document European experience in the implementation of PV programmes in developing countries and will describe the major successful implementation programmes, with a critical assessment of the factors influencing that success. The project benefited from the close co-operation of all partners and managed to meet all its objectives. It is the first time that photovoltaic projects have been evaluated in non-technical terms, and it is the first time a set of guidelines has been developed from such an assessment. There has not been to date, an attempt to bring together the expertise of a number of leading centres in the field to cooperate on the identification of success stories of PV implementation. Nor has there been a collaborative attempt to undertake a critical assessment of these success stories to identify the factors to emulate, and those to avoid, if the chances of success are to be maximised. The first step will be to identify the PV programmes which have been successful and select those for detailed study. After these studies, the programmes will be analysed to extract general criteria for success or failure. Guidelines can then be devised for PV project planners which will enhance the probability of a successful outcome of their project. The final document to be delivered at the end of the contract will include the reports on each of the selected PV programmes, the critical assessments of these programmes and the guide-lines.
12063	JOU20106	nan	Renewable energy in the EC/US external costs of fuel cycle project					1992-12-01	1994-11-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	102	To develop an accounting framework for environmental impacts and costs of renewable energy and to ensure the dissemination of the results to the different institutions of the European Community as well as some relevant international organisations. A data-base and a methodology will be available, for evaluating external costs of renewable energy sources. The accounting framework will be constructed in consultation with energy modellers, in order to ensure compatibility with their requirements. Marginal physical damages and the corresponding monetary flows will be identified. The framework will be in the form of a data-base for inputs to energy/environmental models. It will be developed in such a way that incorporation of evolving data and experience gained will be possible. Specific tasks will be : 1 – assessing external costs of the biomass fuel cycle 2 – assessing external costs of photovoltaic solar energy 3 – assessing external costs of the hydroelectric fuel cycle These external costs will cover environmental as well as non environmental impacts (such as consequences for employment). A phase of dissemination to different institutions will be ensured.
12068	JOU20361	AREP	Development of an innovative autonomous 2kW hybrid photovoltaic-wind-power supply pilot system for rural electrification					1994-01-01	1996-06-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	304	JOULE-II Contract: JOU2-CT93-0361 AREP The objective for this project is the development of an innovative autonomous hybrid power supply system. The system will have the following features: – self-adapting to different climates and users by an innovative, self-organizing Energy Management System; – usable as a universal autonomous power supply system especially for rural electrification; – totally driven by renewable energy; – easy to handle even for non technicians; – easy to enlarge or reduce even with new power sources such as hydro power; – comparable to conventional systems in reliability, maintenance, handling and costs; – easy to transport. These objectives will be reached by the adoption of completely new design ideas and technologies come in part from sources outside the renewable energy sector such as Artificial Intelligence. The possibility of constructing a universal system which is capable of adapting to any external conditions such as climate and consumer behaviour, will make it possible to manufacture standardised units, therefore to reduce costs substantially. The new Energy Managing System can be transfered to larger systems like buildings and in future to the common grid. JOULE-II Contract JOU2-CT93-0361 DEVELOPMENT OF AN INNOVATIVE AUTONOMOUS 2 kW HYBRID PV-WIND POWER SUPPLY PILOT SYSTEM FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION (AREP) The aim is to develop a management system for hybrid power supply units capable of adapting itself automatically to different boundary conditions such as wind regimes, solar irradiation and consumer types through self-learning procedures. This will allow to use identical units for different application types which may be produced in large quantities and thus reduce engineering and manufacturing costs dramatically. The expected features will be obtained through the consistent integration of recent developments in the sector of Energy Management, power electronics and battery management and the results of the EEC project ‘Concerted actions on european PV pilot systems’. The key innovations are: A) Decentralized Energy Management based on actual pricing and flexible reaction of energy producing components and consumers. The pricing procedure using neural networks is based on the prediction of solar radiation, windspeed and load profile as a self learning system. B) Intelligent Battery Management by using newly developed battery single cell monitoring and controlling subsystems and by battery charge control using neural networks and fuzzy logics. A new method also based on neural networks will be used for the battery state of charge calculation which is the key figure for the Energy Management procedure. C) Variable speed wind turbine with fully integrated power electronics and control. The combination of a direct drive generator and a solid state power converter including all control features allows to minimize the moving mechanical parts to only one : the rotor. This rotor is stall controlled and the speed control is performed by the integrated power electronics. D) Integration of the system into a mobile structure which allows to operate at different sites under different conditions.
12352	RENA940023	LOFT-PV	Levée des obstacles et freins à la technologie solaire photovoltaïque					1995-01-01	1995-10-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan
12368	CHGE930038	nan	Enhancement and Development of Industrial Applications of Solar Energy Technologies					1994-01-01	1996-03-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-HCM	nan
12456	JOU20465	nan	Solar energy study for the new Acropolis Museum -Athens					1995-02-01	1997-01-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30105
12734	JOU20391	SMARTWIN	Electrochromic smart windows by sol gel technology					1994-09-01	1996-08-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	40202
12874	CHRX920059	nan	Crystalline silicon solar cells					1993-05-01	1996-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-HCM	nan
13244	CR156991/BRE21513	nan	Research and eventual production of solar powered fridges for the developing countries					1995-01-01	1996-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-CRAFT	nan	A computer model was developed which allows the design to be optimised for the differing physical and environmental conditions. A design and assembly method was established with a super insulation which was approximately 10 times more efficient that the traditional refrigerator insulation, thereby reducing the heat gain the requirement for energy for the compressor. Tooling was developed to allow this. Designs and prototypes of the cool cell and cool cell material were tested successfully. The static system after modelling was selected rather than a dynamic pumped system. A cool cell design for a 39 litre and 110 litre refrigerators were carried out. Six prototypes of a cool cell refrigerator and six prototypes of a conventional evaporator design were constructed and tested. The evaporator design was optimised to have an increased internal surface with minimum refrigerant requirements. A programmable system controller/charger was developed for optimum control between the solar panel, battery and refrigerator internal temperature, charging the battery and charging the cool cell. The controller helped to maximise the operation of the compressor at it’s maximum COP. Battery tests were carried out and a battery design established which could maintain the performance and low maintenance required under the conditions. Tests were carried out to validate the performance of the refrigerators. The cool cell refrigerator met the temperature requirements of the DIN ISO 7371 for the ‘Sub-Tropical Class’ Tambient= 38 C, Tcells less than or equal to 10 C and will probably meet the Tropical Class Tambient= 43 C. A model of the different design options and prices for different markets was established showing major cost reductions.
13253	RENA940030	nan	Hybrid renewable energy systems in Donoussa and La Graciosa Islands as prototype systems for applying desalination at small villages in Mediterranean Islands and coastal areas, by using local energy sources for electricity production					1995-01-01	1995-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan	The lack of water for both drinking and irrigation not only inhibits social and economic development but also burdens significantly the cost of life. During the last years a lot of effort work has been done to increase the efficiency of sea water desalination by reverse osmosis. The climate in many islands of the countries of the European Union (particularly in the Aegean sea and the Canary islands) offers high solar radiation intensities and high wind velocities. At the same time these islands receive less rainfalls; and usually there is lack of water for both drinking and irrigation. Thus, in these islands there is plenty of ground towards the development of decentralised sea water desalination, through the locally available renewable energy sources. The proposed project regards a study of the innovative combination of photovoltaics with wind energy, thus developing a hybrid system and the supply of electricity to energising reverse osmosis desalination plants of two remote villages, so that to satisfy the electricity and water needs of two remote villages, not connected to the main electricity network. The villages to be studied are on two islands, one on the Donoussa island (Aegean sea, Greece) and one on the La Graciosa island (Canary islands, Spain). In these islands (Donoussa and La Graciosa) two innovative PV-Hydro plants are in the phase of construction now, in the framework of the JOU2-CT92-0155 project. The present project refers to blue print planing for the extension of these installations to integrate photovoltaics and wind turbines for producing fresh water through reverse osmosis desalination of sea water.
13254	RENA940017	POSAC	The potential for solar assisted cooling in southern European countries					1995-01-01	1995-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan	The present proposal addresses the first priority topic within the APAS program ‘Integration of Renewable Energies in European Regions’. The growth of peak power demand due to conventional air conditioning units multiply the negative environmental impact associated both with their use and with the production of electricity needed to power them, together with the fact that cooling is needed the most when the solar energy is mostly available, leads us to propose, to evaluate the technical availability of solar thermal technology optimally matched to cooling technologies (absorption and desiccant cooling), in order to be able to study the true potential of these technologies in Southern European countries. In particular those regions will be considered where summer temperatures are high and purchase of conventional air conditioning units has been growing in the last few years, namely in Southern Spain (Andaluzia) and in Southern portugal (Alentejo e Algarve). The proposal will point to recent advances in solar collector technologies (for instance CPC collectors), in cooling technologies and to aspects of these technologies where further work is needed, in order to give an orientation for future efforts in R&D programs, on demonstration projects and on establishing a wide European market for this technology.
13255	RENA940010	nan	Utilization of wind, solar and biomass resources in Mediterranean rural regions					1995-01-01	1996-03-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan	THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PROPOSED WORK IS TO DEFINE A METHODOLOGY THAT, APART FROM DETERMINING AN ENERGY PRODUCTION SYSTEM USING RENEWABLE RESOURCES, EXAMINES ITS DEGREE OF INTERFERENCE WITH THE ENVIRONMENT, SOCIETY AND ECONOMY OF A RELATIVELY ISOLATED AREA. THIS METHODOLOGY WILL BE BASED ON THE COLLECTION OF TECHNICAL, ECONOMIC, LEGAL AND POPULATION STATISTICS DATA, ALONG WITH AN APPRAISAL OF PUBLIC ACCEPTABILITY, IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE FEASIBILITY OF A RENEWABLE ENERGIES INSTALLATION. IT IS INTENDED THAT THE PROPOSED METHODOLOGY WILL ADDRESS WIND TURBINES, BIOMASS GROWTH AND STORAGE SYSTEMS AND PHOTOVOLTAIC ELECTRICITY GENERATION SYSTEMS. THE RENEWABLE ENERGY INTEGRATION IN THREE DIFFERENT ISOLATED AND ENERGY DEPENDENT AREAS IN MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES, NAMELY GREECE, PORTUGAL AND SPAIN WILL BE EXAMINED. THE THREE EUROPEAN REGIONS WHICH WILL BE STUDIED ARE OF SIMILAR CLIMATIC, TOPOGRAPHIC, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS AND THEREFORE A USEFUL EXCHANGE OF EXPERIENCE COULD BE MADE AMONGST THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE PROJECT. IT IS HOPED THAT IN THIS WAY OPTIONAL SOLUTIONS WILL BE IDENTIFIED FOR THE MORE EFFICIENT INTEGRATION OF RENEWABLES IN MEDITERRANEAN RURAL AREAS.
13256	RENA940054	EPURE	Economical potential use of renewable energies					1995-01-01	1996-10-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan	This proposal to the APAS research project aims at designing maps and charts of the best suited regions in Europe for the investment in the Renewable Energies sector. The proponents consider that proven technologies and the knowledge of potentials already exist thanks to previous research and development in most Union countries. These proven potentials and advanced technologies are not by themselves enough to bring the interest of the financial agents. Many projects still suffer delay, overcosts and poor returns that could have been avoided. To convince the potential investors, the research will focus on the risk assesment, the costs and the possible return on the investment. This work will be done on the regional level and for several technologies: Windpower for the electricity grid, biomass (from wood crops and waste) for heat, electricity and CHP, solar thermal for buildings and industries. To chart the returns on the investment, the layout of the results will compare the need for energy services with the cost for supplying renewable energy, crossed with national and local subsidies or specific delays and taxes, with costs associated to geographical conditions (islands, particular weather problems, special environmental burden…) The expected benefit of the research is to offer a wide scope of information for investors considering investing in Renewable Energy projects, before they launch studies on the commercial feasability of a particular project. The national and regional authorities could also benefit for the reviewing of their RE policies, in identifying the barriers preventing the commercial development of RE They could also better identify the benefits for different actors : utilities, local developpers, manufacturers, the society at large. The proponents belong to six Union countries, and are all research organization (private and University) already involved in Renewable Energies
13283	RENA940021	nan	To evaluate the potential of selected forms of renewable energy technologies in the North Cork region in Ireland and the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte region in Germany using the “Green Belt” region in Denmark as a reference					1995-01-01	1996-04-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan	The aim of this proposal is to evaluate the full potential of all forms of renewable energy in the North Cork Region of Ireland. The Danish local authorities, Environmental Institute and companies will contribute with technical support and technology transfer. Projects identified and evaluated as feasible from a technical and financial point of view will be submitted for funding under the 4th Framework R&TD. WORK PROGRAM: – Identification and evaluation of the total potential for renewable ener gy sources such as biomas (woodchip), organic waste, landfill gasses, small hydro schemes, wind and solar in North Cork. – Identifying the most suitable technology for the resources identified – Technical and economic appraisal of potential projects for later implementation, which will serve as full scale project(s). *) THE COORDINATOR: Scan Marketing Services is one of Ireland’s best known consultancy companies for renewable energies. THE PROPOSER: Cork County Council (North) administrates an area of 1.000 square miles and a population of 75.000. Cork County Council has for some years been very interested and involved in renewable energy and plans to set up a National Renwable Energy Centre in Mallow. ASSOCIATE PROPOSER: Eura is the Regional Development company for Ringkoebing County in Denmark. SUBPROPOSERS: IE National Microelectronics Research Centre (NMRC) University College Cork. DK Ringkoebing County Council DK European Institute of Environmental Energy DK Hedeselskabet. Danish Land Development Service DK Voelund Energy Systems A/S. Further detailed information on the partners and the project is in the appendix (15 pages). *) The result will be an operational plan for implementation of renewable energies in the North Cork Region of Ireland including feasibility studies for viable renewable energy projects.
13284	RENA940013	nan	Elaboration of an action plan to promote the use of renewable energies for electricity supply, water supply and socio-economic development in the Southern Mediterranean countries					1995-01-01	1995-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan	The objective of the proposal is to clearly identify the benefits that would be linked to a major development of renewable energies in the southern mediterranean countries and to propose actions to achieve such a goal; the study will evaluate the social, economic and environmental benefits and the constraints such as technological, financial and social. Special emphasis will be put on the interrelashionship between renewable energies and overall electricity supply, water supply and socio-economic development. For that purpose the partners will assess the RE ressources the technologies available, the economic and financial aspects and the benefits expected (economic, social and environmental);this approach will be based on existing studies and informations regarding energy and environment in the southern mediterranean countries. Based on the result of the study, an Action Plan for the promotion of renewable energies will be elaborated; it will present the actions needed such as better assessment of the ressources, technology transfer, R&D programs, training, creation of new financing schemes, … This Action Plan will serve as a guideline for the Commission, the Governments and the industrial sector, and would be presented at an International Conference to launch a regional initiative in this field. The partners of the proposal are organizations which have performed numerous studies on energy and environment in the mediterranean region and which have close contacts with electric utilities, research centers and agencies in charge of developing renewable energies in the countries concerned (from Morocco to Turkey). The coordinator is the Observatoire Mediterraneen de l’Energie, an International Association of Electric and Gas Utilities of the mediterranean coutries which is performing studies on energy prospects; the other partners are ENEA, the Italian Agengy for Energy and the Environment, the Joint Research Center of the CEC at Ispra and CIEMAT the Spanish center for studies and research on renewable energies.
13440	JOU20456	SPRY	Development and test of a stirling pumping unit utilising renewable energy					1995-01-01	1996-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	304	S.P.R.Y. DEVELOPMENT AND TEST OF A STIRLING PUMPING UNIT UTILIZING RENEWEABLE ENERGY THE AIM OF THE PROJECT IS THE COMPARATIVE TEST OF A NOVEL SOLAR THERMAL PUMPING UNIT AND A PHOTOVOLTAIC PUMPING SYSTEM. EXPERIENCE AND A COMPREHENSIVE PERFORMANCE DATA SET ABOUT THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE STIRLING ENGINE UNDER LABORATORY AND UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS SHALL BE COLLECTED AND CONSCTION IMPROVEMENTS SHALL BE OBTAINED. AFTER OPTIMIZATION AND ADAPTATION THE THERMAL PUMPING SYSTEM WILL BE SUBJECTED TO LONG TERM TESTS SYSTEM WILL BE COMPETITIVE WITH A PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM MAINLY FOR THE USE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, WITH RESPECT TO ENERGY YIELD, LONG TERM PERFORMANCE AND COST FIGURES.
13481	JOU20403	HELIOS	Higher efficiency through decreased light induced degradation and optimization of amorphous silicon					1994-07-01	1996-06-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	304	The project undertakes the first complete, fundamental study of the fabrication and improvement of the interfaces involved in tandem and single junction a-Si:H solar cells. This requires a thorough understanding of the plasma and plasma/interface interactions involved in a-Si:H fabrication. We expect to be able to produce, at the end of the project, tandem and single junction solar cells with an initial efficiency of 12% and degradation of less than 15%. The primary aim of this collaborative project is to fabricate highly efficient, degradation-resistant single-junction and tandem a-Si:H solar cells. The a-Si cell technology is to be developed beyond current levels and understanding of the physical processes at work in the p-i-n structure is to be deepened. Our plan is to apply for the first time a comprehensive battery of in situ analysis techniques to the study and improvement of the interfaces, along with modelling of the performance and degradation of the interfaces and overall structure. We expect this investigation of interface quality to allow a significant improvement in the long-term performance of a-Si:H solar cells. We shall further investigate the performance of the highly stable i-layers deposited in non-standard conditions as part of the currently running Joule II contract (JoU2-CT92-0027. Moreover, we shall pursue the development of the very promising efficiency and enhanced stability in tandem cells. These advancements will enable us to produce single junction and tandem solar cells with an initial efficiency of 12% and a degradation inferior to 15%. More specifically the research tasks are : 1) Fundamental, in-depth study of the interfaces in p-i-n structures by insitu analysis techniques, and deposition process adaptation. 2) Development of novel single-junction and tandem structures incorporating degradation-resistant i-layers deposited under non-standard conditions and intrinsic and doped *cSi layers. 3) Metastability studies coupled with simulation of the efficiency and extensive characterization of the solar cells.
13769	RENA940007	nan	Urban planning studies with new PV/Thermal building components					1995-01-01	1996-08-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan	In the project three major urban planning projects in Spain, France and Germany will be realised with the objective of maximising the renewable energy uptake. The architect bureaus MBM / Spain, Chatillon / France and IBUS / Germany co-operate with research institutes (GENEC/France, Egle Institute/Germany and ZSW/Germany) and with component manufacturers (TFM/Spain, Grammer/Germ. and Alcan/France) to develop a planning concept, which optimises both the energy requirements of the buildings as well as the energy production through active components. New building components will be developped in the project, which provide both electricity (from PV modules) and warm air (from thermal collectors) in one building component. Cost reduction, adaptation to national building standards, ease of handling on the building site and esthetics will be the criteria for the component design. As a result, autonomous building components with a clearly defined interface to the building (small inverters for AC electricity output and standard connections of air collectors to the ventilation system) will be available and tested in a prototype series. The range of new PV/thermal building components will be a result of the requirements of all three urban planning projects, two of which are concerned with social housing, and the third with 135.000 mz of university buildings, allowing more unconventional design solutions. The working process of the urban planning will be documented and commented. As a result of the detailed planning process, guidelines for maximising the use of renewable energy building components in large architectural projects will be published and disseminated.
13819	JOU20428	nan	Development and testing of stand-alone small-size solar photovaltaic hydrogen power system					1994-07-01	1997-06-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	304	The objectives of the project are: to assess the seasonal storage efficiency of solar hydrogen to meet about 90% of the energy demand; to design a SAPHYS for unattended operation. The main deliverables are: SAPHYS detailed design and operating manual; plant modelling software; advanced electrolyser system and electrolyser design report; experimental campaign data report and post test evaluation report. Production of hydrogen by water electrolysis powered by intermittent renewable sources like photovoltaic, its storage and regeneration of electricity by fuel cells, is a young technology proposed to overcome the storage limitations of renewable sources. A promising application of this kind of plants concerns small stand alone Photovoltaic Power System for remote areas (SAPHYS). In this perspective the goal of this Project is to develop a SAPHYS at ENEA Casaccia Research Centre. Main equipment of SAPHYS are the PV generator, high pressure advanced electrolyser, the 3 kW Solid Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (SPFC), hydrogen storage, gas treatment section. On the basis of a detailed test plan, a 12 month experimental campaign will be made, to test performance and reliability of the plant, to validate the plant simulation program and control strategy.
13821	JOU20416	SMART	Stimulation model for applications utilizing renewable energy techniques					1994-05-01	1996-07-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	302	Project S.M.A.R.T. Objectives : The aim of the whole project is to create a softeware tool running on a PC for the basic layout of a small hydro power plant in combination with a solar power plant. This program will be developed so that calculation and comparison between different plants can be performed later on an additional module for the economic . Deliverables : The project will lead to a computer software based on the formulation of equations and a comprehensive set of data. The item delivered will comprise: – The PC software program package SMART for the design of HPP/SPP systems. – A data set comprising different components for the usage with SMART. – A program documentation. – A set of documents covering the issues of : o data of equipment and components o reference values (default condition for HPP and SPP) o guidelines to handle the issue of load management o a bibliography of the topics mentioned above In electricity generation from renewables, storage facilities are important, since normally the demand and the output from the renewable resources do not coincide. The need for storage can be overcome by the combination of different sources of energy: for instance the so-called ‘hybrid’ operation of solar and wind energy conversion is a favourable option. An assessment of the potential of PV sources as well as of small hydropower (and their combination) will be facilitated by means of a software tool. This project will develop a powerful PC software tool (including the necessary datasets and calculation procedures) for the design of renewable energy plants, mainly using PV- and hydropower. The software will enable any engineer familiar with PC routines to: – make the layout for a dedicated PV system – design a small hydro-power plant (with unidirectional flow or as a reversible hydropower plant) – make use of the data files describing different types of equipment (modules, inverters, turbines, generators, regulators and control devices). – calculate the energetic yield (output) by a numeric simulation – assess the energetic contribution to be gained from various sources, preferably PV and hydraulic energy – design a water utilization/distribution system for mixed mode operation schemes (water to be used for electricity generation and e.g.: irrigation purposes). – Compute the economic parameters of such a plant (optimizing the cost benefit situation).
13843	RENA940056	ARIES	Accelerated regional integration of energy systems					1995-01-01	1995-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan	This proposal is concerned with stimulating the commercialisation of renewable energies and their closer integration into existing energy systems in three regions of the European Union – Brandenburg (Germany), Wales (UK) and Aragon (Spain). Building on existing knowledge about the available resources and the potential market, the consortium members will work closely with regional authorities to bring together the various stakeholders in renewable energy systems. These different interests will be represented in a forum in order to identify constraints to greater adoption and to seek agreement on ways of overcoming such constraints. The results of these consultations will be used to develop regional strategies for commercialisation of renewable energies, which incorporate the perspectives of the various stakeholders concerned. The strategies will contain action plans, which have the commitment of the various parties concerned, and which will detail local initiatives for overcoming constraints of finance, environmental considerations,regulatory and planning restrictions, utility participation and infrastructure limitations. Lessons from the work in each region will be shared and the results synthesised in order to provide guidance to other regions and presented in seminars and finally published. The proposers believe their approach is highly innovative and will prove of great value to the greater integration of renewables in the European Union in the coming years.
14015	CR156991/BRE21199	nan	Research and eventual production of solar powered fridges for the developing countries					1994-05-01	1994-07-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-CRAFT	1.3.3;2.1.2;2.2.2	To develop a low cost fridge made out of recyclable plastic. The cabinet construction to be non-rusting and virtually ever-lasting in any conditions. The design would be a low cost basic design for mass production and particularly aimed at developing Countries. The fridge will be designed to have a purpose built battery which will then have sufficient power to maintain its charge from solar energy. The exploitation potential is substantial since in developing Countries the cost of conventional products and the necessary power supply infra-structure is way beyond the means of the majority of the population and their Governments. The proposal also includes research into the elimination of any potential environmentally harmful effects.
14043	CR125791/BRE20814	RESOTEF	The development of a process for the manufacturing of high-efficiency, large surface area REflectors and Fresnel lens systems for SOlar TEchnology using sheet die extrusions of Flourpolymer foils					1994-01-01	1994-04-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-CRAFT	1.3.3;2.2.2	Development of Key Components for the manufacture of linear Concentrators. Solar generating plant for power ranges from 20 kW up to the Megawatt range. Key components for the manufacture of local paraboloids. Stirling generating plant in modular power ranges of 3 kW. Key components for the manufacture of light Fresnel lenses for combination with gallium-Aluminium arsenide solar concentration cells. Solar systems are only economic if extremely light constructions can be combined with longevity and precision. This can only be produced with the use of new materials, in our case reflectors and Fresnel lenses.
14108	CR146791/BRE21151	nan	Design and development for manufacturing of a pocket ergonomic data keyboard for handicap people use					1994-05-01	1994-07-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-CRAFT	2.2.1;2.3.2;2.3.3	The product’s aim, subject of this development, is to facilitate insertion of handicap people in professional life with a profitable communication tool. Its originality is in its reduced size based on a 8 keys keyboard corresponding to 255 characters or different symbols. It enables typing functions, memorisation, display, vocal box and communication modem. The Data KeyBoard is self-sufficient thanks to an integrated cell photovoltaic rechargeable battery or connected to a PC, PS, MAC or on a telephonic line. The development is an applied research on the different components to miniaturize them in order to integrate them in a pocket case. The market for this kind of product responses to a demand from the handicap people world and has a european potential of 500.000 to 2 millions of people according to a first survey.
14259	JOU20299	nan	Design study for a 25 kwe dish/stirling system					1994-01-01	1996-03-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	304	Joule II Contract JOU2-CT93-0299 Design Study for a 25 kWel Dish/Stirling System Schlaich Bergermann und Partner in Germany have built, after successful prototyping, three 9 kWel Dish/Stirling solar thermal power plants at the European Solar Test Centre (PSA) in Spain. The three systems started operation in spring 1992 and had accumulated more than 10,000 operating hours by October 1993. Continuous operation is going on in cooperation with the German Aerospace Research Establishment (DLR) and the Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, Plataforma Solar de Almeria (CIEMAT.PSA). Studies of the economical and technical potential of solar thermal power plants in the Mediteranean area have indicated, besides the small 5 – 10 kWel units, a considerable potential for larger ca. 25 kWel units. The goal of this joint Project is to design a 25 kWel Dish/Stirling unit based on operational experience on site and the results of the studies. At the end of the project a final report will be delivered which includes * a description of the 25 kWel Dish/Stirling System and its components, * a set of technical drawings and specifications for each component, * the expected yearly energy output at two site locations, i.e. in different meteorological conditions, * first system cost estimates for 1, 10, 100, 1000 units. Joule II Contract JOU2-CT-93-0299 Design Study for a 25 kWel Dish/Stirling-System Project Description Schlaich Bergermann und Partner (SBP) have jointly with the Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, Plataforma Solar de Almeria (CIEMAT.PSA) defined the following work packages to design a 25 kWel Dish/StirlingSystem: – Routine test and operation of the already existing three 9 kWel Dish/Stirling-Systems of SBP will be continued on the PSA and the recorded data will be evaluated to form the basis of the further development of the 25 kWel Dish/Stirling-System. – Components : Concentrator, concentrator support structure, Stirling support structure, foundation, drives and system control will be designed on the base of the 9 kWel Dish/Stirling-System of SBP and a 25 kWel Stirling unit will be adapted for this solar application. – System performance simulation with the predicted System efficiency and measured meteo data sets of Barstow (USA) and Almeria (Spain) .
14278	JOU20412	nan	Feasibility study solar powered boats for Venice					1994-01-01	1994-09-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30408	The study is intended to demonstrate that it is possible and how it is possible to replace combustion-powered boats by solar-powered boats. Until today there has been no introduction of solar boats in Europe although the technical applications are more favorable than for solar cars. Solar boats are as environmentally-friendly as sailing boats. They promise a big contribution to emission reduction, to water protection and to noise protection. At the same time they can make a big contribution to increasing production of photovoltaics. The project team compiled data on the main categories of water transport in Venice, including larger ferries, water buses, barges and small taxi-boats. The small taxi boats were identified as the vessel most suitable for PV application: these boats cause most harm to buildings and environment, operate 5-6 hours each day, and travel at relatively slow speed. Nevertheless, it was found that taxi boat operators are unlikely to want their boats to be converted to PV power. This is mainly because the operators prefer their boats to have a speedboat design, which offers faster speed and powerful manoeuvrability compared with the solar boat’s proposed low-displacement hull design. The use of solar-powered boats is of specific relevance for the historic lagoon town of Venice, one of the most important European Cultural Heritages. The lagoon buildings are especially endangered by the vibrations of motorboats. Solar-powered boats, however, are vibration-free and would therefore eliminate this existential danger, in case of completely replacing conventional water buses (vaporetti) and water taxis as well as private motorboats. At the same time a demonstrative use of solar boats in Venice would be an immense European and world-wide example of application for the general introduction of these boats. The study is executed by a group of EUROSOLAR-researchers who are collaborating with the city council of Venice and the UNESCO-Commission for Venice.
14279	JOU20353	nan	European solar prize					1994-02-01	1996-01-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30408	The European Solar Prize is intended to promote the use of solar energy and to provide information on the different forms of application. On behalf of the Commission the solar prize is announced in six countries (Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy) and is currently awarded in six categories (private application, production, solar architecture, projects of local utilities or authorities, promotion-activities for renewable energies, local NGOs and the media). In a first step the winners of the national prizes are determined and afterwards, in a second step, the European Prize winners are determined among the national winners. From 1995 it is intended to extend the prize on other countries, and in another stage it is intended to extend it on other technologies of renewable energies. The prize promotes public awareness for solar energy and by that, psychologically promotes the extensive market introduction of solar energy. The organizations executing the project on national level are EUROSOLAR Austria, Folkecenter for Renewable Energies in Denmark, Comité d’Action pour le Solaire in France, EUROSOLAR Germany, EUROSOLAR Hellas and EUROSOLAR Italy.
14284	JOU20359	nan	Master plan for an environmentally integrated solar technology					1994-01-01	1995-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	304	A masterplan for an energy infrastructure mainly based on renewable energy will be developed for the island of Vido (Corfu, Greece). This masterplan will include a Mediterranean environmental centre, sports facilities etc. as well as the link to the mainland harbour. The work programme includes the investigation of climatic conditions, especially rainfall, and of the historic cistern system of the island in view of its improvement and extended use. An architectural masterplan for the island will be designed and will include new water collection areas. Existing and new buildings will be integrated into the water collection system and will be fitted with solar thermal collectors and photovoltaic modules. Special attention will be given to the architectural integration of all infrastructure developments into the landscape of the island.
14294	JOU20356	nan	Efficient transparent photovoltaic cells based on polycrystalline TI02 thin films sensitized by molecular antennae					1994-01-01	1995-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	304	The objective of the project is to pursue programmes of basic and applied research leading to optimization and commercialization of efficient transparent photovoltaic cells based on TiO2. Optimization of this type of PV cell will involve detailed study of all discrete intermediate steps between photon absorption and generation of the photocurrent in order to identify and minimize losses associated with each step. Commercialization of the cell will be facilitated by development of an all solid state device and improved long-term stability. A transparent regenerative photoelectrochemical cell was successfully developed. It uses low to medium purity materials and simple construction processes, so it will be easy to make on an industrial level in the future. The cell is up to five times cheaper than traditional cells. It has achieved an average conversion efficiency of 10%, although up to 12 % is possible, depending on the conditions. The cell produces a large current and has been shown to have a long simulated life time; over 20 years. The electricity it produces is relatively low in cost at about 500 ECU per kW. Graetzel and co-workers have described a transparent regenerative photoelectrochemical cell, utilizing low to medium purity materials and simple construction processes, with a light to electric energy conversion efficiency of between 7 % and 12 %. A monomeric ruthenium complex has been developed having an improved response to red light and yielding an overall efficiency of 10.4%. The large current efficiency, exceptional stability (sustaining at least 5 million turnovers without decomposition) and low cost, make practical applications of this cell feasible. The cell is based on an optically transparent TiO2 film, consisting of fused 10 nm anatase particles, which has a surface roughness factor of about 500. This film is coated by a monolayer of antenna molecules, i.e. by a monolayer of a charge transfer dye whose absorption spectrum overlaps well with the solar emission spectrum. An incident solar photon is reflected many times in this film, passing repeatedly through the monomolecular dye layer, and is absorbed. The cell harvests a high proportion of the incident solar energy flux (46%) and shows exceptionally high efficiencies for conversion of incident photons to electric current (greater than 80%). The exciton created by the absorbed photon travels only a very short distance in the monomolecular dye layer to reach the site at the interface where electron-hole pair separation occurs. The electron moves away from the interface along a potential gradient through a succession of fused TiO2 particles to the conducting glass substrate and then passes through the external circuit to the counter electrode. The oxidized dye molecule is regenerated by a sacrificial donor which is in turn reduced by electrons available at the counter electrode.
14300	JOU20324	nan	Sustainable, alternative, fluent energy -based- mediterranean economie development					1994-01-01	1995-06-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30408	The project context of ‘SAFE-MED Sustainable, Alternative, Fluent Energy based – Mediterranean Economic Development’ is related to two of the major Mediterranean islands: Sardinia (Italy) and Crete (Greece).The general objective of the project is to develop expe-riences for the introduction of renewables and of energy efficiency measures in these islands. The specific objective is to verify the technical, regulative, financial and management tools, existing or activable for the carrying out of energy strategies. The project will utilize results of the Greece Project JOU2CT92 – 0190 (and extention) ‘DRILL – Developing decision making support tools for the utilization of renewable energies in integrated system at the local level’. The general and specific feasibility conditions for the development of the large Mediterranean islands based on the use of renewables and of energy saving measures are to be illustrated and documented. The project is organized in the following three steps: 1st STEP Resources: This phase is characterized by the close connection with the territory and his characteristics. The following results have to be worked out: maps of territorial available resources, the framework of the compa-tibility between energy resources and final uses in both territorial systems, and a territorial description concerning the concept of Equivalent Energy Areas. 2nd STEP Sustainable Technologies: It will be developed a catalogue of energy conservation and substitu-tion technologies (solar, wind and biomass energy, local hydro-power, fossil resources, energy efficiency) limitated on those which have demonstrated the largest success. 3rd STEP Feasibility: Strategies for the implementation of energy conservation and substi-tution measures will be developed. The technical, environmental, economical, regulative and managing feasibility conditions will be defined.
14304	JOU20328	nan	Photon recycling in heterojunction thin-film solar cells					1994-01-01	1995-06-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	304	The Helio-Carnot Club is investigating theoretically thin-film solar cell efficiencies. The idea is to obtain theoretical guidelines for the optimisation of these cells. There is wide interest in Europe, notably in Germany, Belgium, France and the UK, in thin-film solar cells. Our collaboration, based on three of these countries, is analysing the heterojunction characteristics from a fundamental viewpoint. Thus phenomenological correction factors to all characteristics are interpreted in terms of more fundamental properties (eg recombination properties). In this way efficiency curves can be obtained as a function of energy gaps, surface and bulk recombination rates, band gap discontinuities, etc. Such curves indicate answers to design questions as to what has to be done to obtain the best efficiencies.
14330	JOU20319	READ	Renewable energies in architecture and design application of advanced solar technology					1994-01-01	1995-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	301	The objective is to establish a forum and a network for the leading practicing architects and designers from Europe to achieve a breakthrough for environmentally responsible architecture and design. The group will meat in several working session and in summits and will continue the work on ‘The Charta of Florence, 1993: 1. In order to survive we must adapt all our activities to the natural rhythms of the earth and its systems. 2. Solar energy is the fundamental resource and solar architecture a response to the crisis facing the human race. 3. The current knowledge and skills of architects, designers, engineers and industry can being to resolve the crisis but need to be economically supported and encouraged by all our governments. 4. We must all take responsability for this in our art, in our politics, learning to draw from our colleagues in all other disciplines This network of practicing architects works by the means of information, communication and field cases in order to commit their members and encourage others to design and build an environment following those goals.
14336	JOU20340	nan	Thin film solar cells of the layered chalcogenides InSe and GaSe prepared by Van der Waals epitaxy. Feasibility study: doping of Inse and GaSe during single crystal growth and during thin film deposition					1994-01-01	1995-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	304	Layered semiconductors (e. g. InSe and GaSe) are promising candidates for solar cells as they show ideal surface and interface properties without dangling bonds. For their development as thin film solar cells highly textured or even epitaxial films have to be prepared and doped in a controlled way. Both InSe and GaSe single crystals were prepared in high doping concentrations and they were well-characterised. Thin films of both materials could be deposited by van der Waals epitaxy and the resulting films were fully characterised with respect to their (opto)electronic properties. The InSe film was shown to have suitable properties for PV applications. It was not possible, however, to prepare doped films by van der Waals epitaxy. Other materials were also studied and these showed promising PV properties. These include GaSe/InSe/indium oxide materials which show photocurrents close to the maximum and conversion efficiencies of up to 11% in single crystals. The most severe problem for practical application of layered chalcogenides are the bad (opto)electronic properties of the hitherto prepared thin film. Technically feasible solar energy conversion systems require highly textured photoactive thin films of e.g. InSe and GaSe. These films will be characterized with respect to their (opto)electronic properties and must be optimized with respect to solar energy conversion efficiency. Epitaxial films of layered compounds can be prepared on different layered substrates, a concept which has been named van der Waals epitaxy. This project is the first attempt to develop and investigate thin films and devices of layered semiconductors based on van der Waals epitaxy with a specific relation to optoelectronic devices and specifically solar cells.
14536	JOU20181	nan	Development of a high-efficiency PV driven displacement pump system for application in rural areas					1992-11-01	1995-06-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30404	The main objective of the work is to develop pilot systems of PhotoVoltaic driven displacement pumps for rural applications. The results will be useful in the development of future PV pumping systems and assist in the introduction of such high-efficiency pumping systems in remote areas of Europe and in developing countries. The rotary displacement pump developed by WIP in Germany was tested at the French partner’s laboratories. The pump prototype achieved a maximum efficiency of more than 53%. This is the highest efficiency of a motor pump unit ever measured at the French testing facilities. The hydraulic efficiency of the pump showed that it is ideally suited to high heads and low flow rates, which are the main requirements for water needs and borehole characteristics in developing countries. For the piston pump, the ECN and Eindhoven University partners incorporated a special piston valve that had previously been developed for use with wind pumps to improve pumping efficiency. This piston pump was tested under laboratory and field conditions to investigate the influence of different pump parameters on the characteristics of the pumping system. Subsystem efficiencies above 40% were achieved for insolation values above 400 W/m2, and subsystem efficiencies of about 55% are expected in future if further optimisation work is performed. In this project two innovative system designs are subject to further investigation 1) the rotary displacement pump and 2) the piston pump with matching valve. For the rotary displacement pump driven by an ac motor most technical problems are solved. But small-size to medium-size PV water pumping systems do not necessarily require sophisticated inverters to drive the motor of a rotary displacement pump. Thus, in order to reduce cost and maintenance needs a dc motor driven rotary displacement pump with a specially developed power conditioning unit will be investigated. The piston pump is a further promising alternative for water pumping. By modifying the piston pump torque characteristic with the implementation of an adjustable valve in the piston reducing starting torque, an optimum matching of PV generator characteristics and pump can be achieved. In the frame of the present project a pump with a valve optimally matched to PV generator characteristics will be developed, constructed and tested. The expected results from this project are as follows : 1) An operational system of a dc submersible motor and a rotary displacement pump with a specially developed power conditioning unit. 2) An operational PV pumping system equipped with a piston pump with matching valve.
14537	JOU20172	nan	Zambelli stand-alone PV pilot plant: the achievement of high efficiency and reliability of long-term autonomous operation and development of design standards and guidelines for similar applications					1992-12-01	1995-09-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30404	The purpose of this work is to improve and optimize the overall plant performance of the Zambelli Photovoltaic (PV) Pilot Plant which was originally installed in 1984. To do so, state-of-the-art power electronics will replace the existing first generation hardware (inverters and charger). The reliability of the PV array field increased and the dc voltage of the array also increased from 240 to 360 Vdc. New power conditioning equipment was designed, installed and tested successfully. This equipment incorporated new design and operational adjustment features in the converter and rectifier. The user-friendly real-time plant monitoring system provides an overall plant supervisory system, advanced real-time monitoring systems for the array field and batteries, and the first prototype expert system for real-time diagnostics for the whole plant. Photovoltaic array wiring will be optimized to increase the efficiency and reliability of array cabling, and the real-time monitoring system will be improved and evaluated. The Situation in Europe. Many small (up to 3.5 kW) pumping system applications are being installed by European industry. Zambelli, with its two 35-kW pump motors, is the largest PV-powered system in the world. There is a lack of variable frequency inverters above 10 kVA. Also, not much has been done in realtime monitoring for plant operator use. Reasons for European Level Undertaking. Capabilities and unique qualifications of other European partners are needed to accomplish the stated objectives. Expected Results : 1) New configuration with higher reliability and simpler control and operational modes, 2) Simpler battery recharging scheme with longer battery lifetime expectations, and 3) User-friendly real-time monitoring system for quick-look assessment capability. Possible Applications : The same approach can be used for a smaller pumping system. The real-time monitoring system will be applicable to any plant using PV and batteries.
14538	RENA940011	nan	The promotion and integration of renewable energy development in Europe. Investigation of the resulting industry and job creation					1995-01-01	1996-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan	This proposal concerns two separate tasks as follows. TASK-1 is to be carried out by the co-ordinator Dr D Lindley and his co-proposer Norbert Kaiser acting as private consultants. They propose to assist in defining goals of the European Solar Council programmes in response to comments and reactions from DG 12. Once the outcome of the APAS proposals are known there would be an ongoing task to co-ordinate the work being carried out by the various working groups of the European Solar Council, so as to ensure the integration of results. TASK 2 is to be carried out by National Wind Power Ltd. (GB) using Olaf Hohmeyer as a sub-contractor. It will carry out a detailed study to provide more accurate data on the net job creation aspects of Renewable Energy Technologies. This study would include wind energy, photovoltaics, sewage gas, landfill gas, small hydro, biomass and active solar technologies. ‘
14541	JOU20145	nan	Development of a PV-powered irrigation scheme for high value crops with integrated PV-system approach, especially adapted to stand-alone applications					1992-12-01	1995-11-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30404	The main objective of the project is to develop an integrated PhotoVoltaic system for pumping water and the irrigation of high-value crops powered solely by photovoltaic energy. A further objective is to provide a connection between the technology installed and the people who will use it and benefit from it. This can only be achieved if the users, in this case, farmers, are able to operate the system without major complications. In other words, the task should not end when the system becomes fully operational. The PV pump was installed and operated successfully in a real irrigation environment. There were some initial difficulties, especially relating to obtaining reliable consumption profiles from each of the farmers, but once these had been obtained the pumping system could operate and be monitored regularly. The automatic irrigation scheme was established at some pilot locations and more devices are expected to be installed for crop irrigation. However, the intelligent software for the watering network system requires further development before it can operate successfully. The farming community is happy with the PV pumping system because they can see that it is operating successfully. However, there is less interest in the intelligent irrigation system: more demonstration and operational experience needs to be carried out before the system can fully demonstrate its advantages. The integrated system approach, opens up new innovative ways of systems operation, specially with respect to irrigation systems. Easier operation in remote areas and higher reliability due to automatic and autonomous operation are major benefits expected from the work. PV technology is well developed in Europe. However, the problems that one may encounter are related to technology adaptation. Some work has to be done on the interaction between the technology and the end users. The undertaking should create conditions for the enlargement of the PV technology market since local people would be able to absorb the technology. There is a good linkage between water needs and available solar energy, but there is still a much to be done to bring photovoltaic technology to people who need it. The results expected include a reliable daily stand-by relationship with the users. We are conscious that scientific and technical work is complete only when common people are able to absorb the final product as a whole and live together as a community.
14542	JOU20120	nan	Concerted actions on PV systems technology and coordination of PV systems development					1992-11-01	1995-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30404	The dual objectives are to : 1) systems projects in JOULE II, and 2) various concerted activities. With 14 partners and subcontractors from nine Member States, this project was able to draw on a vast wealth of European PV expertise. Outputs from the collaborative activities included the following: a high precision, low cost solar sensor; portable test equipment for on-site inverter testing; guidelines for calibration, operation and maintenance of PV components and systems; and a PV battery handbook. The results demonstrated the need for low-cost and reliable batteries specifically designed for PV applications. Overall, the results from this collaborative work could contribute to a cost reduction for PV plants of more than 20% as a consequence of improved product quality and reduced labour costs. The goal of the concerted action tasks is to further improve state-of-the-art PV system technology and reduce the technical risks and costs associated with such hardware. Specific aims are to develop methodologies, guidelines, and procedures useful to current and future PV applications. The situation in Europe is that many plants were installed by skilled and non-skilled designers, manufacturers, and institutes. This has resulted in small incremental improvements, many repetitions, and often diverging results when many developments should be converging into specific methodologies, criteria, and procedures. The main reasons for a European Level Undertaking are to: 1) minimize duplications in technology development work in CEC projects, 2) produce consensus results, and 3) pool the resources which will yield the best results quickly. The expected Results of the project are, 1) Reduction in system costs, improvements in plant efficiency and reliability, 2) battery lifetime, and 3) new techniques in plant monitoring and diagnostics. These advances will permit accelerated penetration and integration of PV technology in Europe. Possible Applications. All system types will benefit: 1) stand-alone PV/battery and PV/hybrid, and 2) grid-connected. Other technologies which can use the results are telecommunication and uninterruptible power supplies for computer facilities.
14543	JOU20178	nan	Eurec agency test network: testing, norms, reliability: complement and harmonisation					1992-12-01	1996-02-29		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30404	The aim of the project is to bring together on a European scale expertise in tests of reliability and in norms initially for all renewable energy sources. This project will focus on solar energy (photovoltaic and thermal), in order to : – generate a data base of applicable standards and codes – develop and harmonise test methods, criteria and procedures, among the different laboratories dealing with renewable energies – evaluate some methods: accelerated test methods to predict the lifetime and MTBF of systems and components, solar irradiance sensor calibration…. Two test methods which are not well established will be developed and evaluated : * special tests on solar irradiance sonsor calibration and PV dark I-V testing * ageing testing of typical PV power pumps. Probabilistic methods to predict the performance of the pumping system in time and it’s MTBF will be studied, with the help of the nuclear data process. – prepare EC specification on selected topics.
14544	JOU20161	nan	Development of highly efficient optimized PV pumping systems. A consequent follow-up and finalization of past European-wide research efforts					1992-11-01	1995-01-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30404	The objective of the project is to develop and test optimized PV systems for water pumping. The main results expected from this project are the following: 1) An operational high-voltage inverter which allows for higher overall system efficiency. 2) Laboratory test results of centrifugal pump systems with and without short-term energy storage. 3) An operational prototype of a PV driven linear-lift pump. Two PV pump systems and a high voltage inverter were designed. The high voltage inverter successfully reached efficiencies of 95% and demonstrated highest efficiencies over a large power range. An integrated DC current differential breaker prevented possible safety problems that could be encountered due to the high input voltage. The main advantages of the short-term energy storage system were seen under conditions of low and medium irradiance, where a standard system cannot overcome the initial irradiance threshold needed to get the pumping started. The linear lift pump prototype performed very promisingly, achieving efficiencies of about 40%. The following main tasks will be performed by different European partners making use of their special expertise 1) In order to reduce power losses from the array to the inverter, a 3-phase high-voltage inverter will be developed. Safety problems encountered due to the high input voltage will be solved with an integrated direct current differential breaker. 2) Short-term energy storage devices which are discharged in case of low irradiance or cloudy conditions, allow for operation of centrifugal pumps close to the point of maximum efficiency. In the frame of this project laboratory tests of a PV pumping system with and without short-term storage for different irradiance profiles will be conducted. 3) In order to make use of the potentially high efficiency (60-80%) of a linear-lift pump, which is based on the traditional chain-and-washer pump, a PV prototype system will be developed, constructed and tested.
14545	JOU20151	nan	Applied monitoring for PV pumps in developing countries/developing standardsand operative procedures					1992-10-01	1994-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30409	The aims of the project are to define monitoring procedures for stand-alone PhotoVoltaic pump system operation and to set up and operate monitoring systems at sites in West Africa where PV pump systems are installed in the framework of a CEC-DG VIII/CILSS Regional Solar Energy Programme. Applied monitoring of PV pumps has produced a valuable database of performance data. The project has also been particularly successful in designing monitoring equipment capable of being left unattended for long periods, often in harsh environments. An important finding was that the energy potential to be provided by the pumps was on average 40% higher than was actually necessary. This means that pumps could either be redesigned to match anticipated demand or downgraded into a less expensive design. Alternatively, additional features could be added to the pump to use the excess power, such as lighting or battery charging. The data collected under real outdoor conditions during a one-year period will be the subject of detailed analysis. In the framework of this RTD work, standards and operative procedures for a specific monitoring approach at remote sites will be developed. The main results expected from this project are as 1) A reliable and low-cost monitoring system adapted to the specific needs of the Regional Solar Energy Programme in the Sahel Region will be available. 2) A data bank of real site performance data on PV pumping systems will be created. 3) On the basis of the evaluated and assessed data, technical recommendations for designers and manufacturers of PV pumping systems will be derived. 4) A manual will be elaborated which advises on standards and operative procedures of PV pump monitoring.
14557	JOU20139	nan	Advanced PV systems for Mediterranean climate					1993-01-01	1994-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30404	The concept of one axis passive tracking together with a soft concentration, obtained by means of reflective surfaces, seems to be very attractive because of the increase in energy output. Passive tracking is performed by a Passive Thermohydraulic Drive (PTD), developed by ZSW, while the soft concentration is based on the V-trough type. To verify the effectiveness of this new system concept in a Mediterranean site, the following aspects must be investigated: – accuracy, reliability life time and operating cost of the PTD in a Mediterranean climate; – the actual solar energy gain related to both the site radiative conditions and the reflective materials; – the limit of the present day flat plate PV modules, in terms of series resistance and thermal operation behaviour, to turn the radiation gain into electrical energy directly. A 50 – 70% surplus of electrical energy is expected, by using preset day commercial modules. The validation and the improvement of the computational simulation will permit definition of the PV module optimal thermal characteristics to increase operating efficiency. It is expected that one axis passive tracking and soft concentration could involve a reduction in the cost per PV kWh. That will constitute a contribution to the diffusion of PVs for stand-alone or grid connected systems, especially for sites well favoured by direct solar radiation.
14589	RENA940025	ASTRICS	A study for renewable energy implementation in old coal mining sites					1995-01-01	1996-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan	Ambitious plans will be developed for new destinations of the old mining sites in Limburg and elsewhere in Europe. The aim of the project proposed here, is to study from the beginning of the planning on the possible integration of renewable energy technologies as energy supply in such areas. Thereby, different technologies will be considered, namely wind, PV, solar active and solar passive, as well as combinations wind-solar. Preliminary calculations show promising results, especially for the wind energy potential on top of waste heaps, spread around over Europe. To obtain results which can be generalized, a case study will be done in the coal bassin of Limburg. Based on measurements of local resources, calculations will be performed in order to obtain an estimation of the potential annual energy output for different system configurations. Besides the technical study, also an economical study will be performed so as to determine the cost-effectiveness. As the coal bassin of Limburg is representative for a lot of old industrial sites in Europe, the results coming out of this project will allow to formulate useful recommandations for other renewable energy planners in similar sites all over Europe. The information will be disseminated to all the local programme committees of the RECHAR programme. These committees, on which social partners sit alongside local and regional authorities, are responsable for the local implementation of the RECHAR programme. This approach guarantees maximum effectiveness of the project.
14591	RENA940048	nan	Scheme for large-scale implementation of solar home systems in South Africa					1995-01-01	1996-06-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan	SOUTH AFRICA PROVIDES A REMARKABLE OPPORTUNITY FOR THE LARGE-SCALE IMPLEMENTATION OF DECENTRALIZED PV SYSTEMS. ON ESSENTIAL ELEMENT IN THIS CONTEXT IS THE RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME OF THE NEW GOVERNMENT, WHICH IDENTIFIES IMPROVED ENERGY SUPPLY FOR THE RURAL POOR POPULATION AS A KEY ELEMENT FOR SATISFYING BASIC NEEDS AND GUARANTEEING STABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA. IN THE SCOPE OF THE PROPOSED TWO-YEAR-PROGRAMME FOUR MAIN PHASES HAVE BEEN DEFINED TO PROVIDE A SCHEME FOR SUCH A LARGE SCALE IMPLEMENTATION OF DECENTRALIZED PV SYSTEMS IN SOUTH AFRICA. PHASE I CONCERNS THE ANALYSIS AND PREPARATION OF THE PROGRAMME BY DEVELOPING ACTIVITIES IN FOUR AREAS. THEY ARE NAMELY; (1) STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT ENERGY POLICY ASSESSMENT; (2) ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL FOR PV APPLICATIONS – INTEGRATED RURAL ENERGY PLANNING, (3) DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT STRUCTURES-QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND (4) ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL FINANCING SCHEMES. BASED ON THE SECTORIAL RESULTS A NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION AND DISSEMINATION PROGRAMME SHALL BE CONDUCTED IN PHASE II. IT FOCUSSES ON (1) IMPLEMENTATION OF STRUCTURES FOR SUSTAINABLE PV PLANNING AND DELIVERY AND (2) PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT-ORIENTED IMPLEMENTATION OF SIGNIFICANT REFERENCE PROJECTS. PHASE III SERVES FOR MONITORING AND EVALUATION ACTIVITIES. BY THESE MEANS WEAKNESSES AND FAILURES OF THE PROGRAMME SHALL BE DETECTED AND NECESSARY MODIFICATIONS INITIATED TO CORRECT THEM. HAVING DEVELOPED A RELATIVELY MATURE IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY PHASE IV SHALL BE LAUNCHED IN ORDER TO DEVELOP PROPOSALS FOR THE TRANSFER OF THE PROGRAMME TO OTHER COUNTRIES AND REGIONS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA. THIS SHOULD ALLOW FOR THE MULTIPLICATION OF THE BENEFITS OF THE PROPOSED APAS INITIATIVE.
14629	RENA940028	TRAINRE	Training research and information networks in renewable energies					1995-01-01	1996-10-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan	The objective of this proposal is to develop the capability of developing countries to accept the transfer of photovoltaic technologies and make best use of them. A second objective is to ensure that the influence of European ideas and the use of European equipment is widespread in developing countries. These objectives will be promoted by the development of a suite of training courses, ranging from introduction to renewable energies to ‘state of the art’ high level courses with hands-on practical experience in the laboratories of the members of the EUREC-Agency. These will provide an alternative to the courses in the USA which successfully promote the use of US equipment. The EUREC courses will be available in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese. Many developing countries have onlY a low level of expertise in PV and such individuals or Centres as exist have very small budgets and are isolated from the international PV community. This proposal will develop methods whereby member Centres of the EUREC-Agency can act as ‘adoptive parents’ to such Centres and provide a means whereby information, training and teaching aids and travel funds can be channelled into the adopted Centre.
14645	JOU20384	nan	New photovoltaic materials from systematic mineralogy(pv-mineralogy)					1994-01-01	1995-04-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	304	Chalcogenide compound semiconductors (e.g. CuInSe2, CdTe,…) are known to be the actual candidates for thin film solar cells. These compounds have been found more or less by chance following the structural relationships from the basic Sistructure. On the other hand about 500 natural occuring chalcogenide compounds – the so called sulfide ore minerals – have been collected and described by mineralogists, giving a source of possible further (better?) candidates. It is a logical consequence bringing together specialists from photovoltaic research and mineralogists working on the field of sulfide ore minerals to screen this ‘natural reservoir’ for photovoltaic applicability. The general scope of the project is a fast screening of sulfide ore minerals with respect to their photovoltaic properties. These minerals were selected for several reasons: a) already existing chalcogenide semiconductors in photovoltaic applications are members of this group, b) existing mineralogical data for all members of this group, c) known stability of this compounds, and d) no necessity in crystal preparation. The work program includes a mineralogical part and a physico-chemical part. For the mineralogical part the organization of mineral species and their already existing data as well as the standard mineralogical characterization of the samples are intended. These samples are handed over to the physicists and chemists for the characterization of semiconductor properties, including optimized characterization methods like photoacoustic spectroscopy, time resolved microwave electroreflectance, electrochemical methods and so on. The goal of the project is to select possible candidates for thin film solar cells from the group of sulfide ore minerals, which can be transferred in subsequent research to a thin film preparation on a laboratory scale for further investigations and to look for better properties than the one of the existing candidates.
14845	JOU20138	nan	Solar grade silicon solar cells					1992-11-01	1995-04-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30401	In view of the predicted shortage of feedstock silicon for solar cell production in a few years, this project is intended to explore the usability of unconventional silicon sources. This material is called solar grade silicon and is distinct from the electronic grade silicon used in the semiconductor industry. It should be capable of production in large quantities. The objectives are: -to review current and future industrial sources of solar grade silicon e.g. Elkem, Bayer, TEMAV, Wacker,Siemens… -to evaluate the available materials. The quality of solar cells is closely related to the chemical purity of the silicon, but it is well known, that different impurities have different behaviours. There is a general agreement that, to be successful on the market, silicon solar cells should have efficiencies well above 10%. Therefore, a fairly high quality for the solar grade material is essential. A number of goals should be reached in the course of the project : – description of the available techniques to produce ‘solar grade’ silicon, and naming the companies involved. – specification of the requirements for a material that is good for solar cells with efficiency well above 10%, and comparison of available materials with these requirements. – Definition of crystallization techniques, that might be able to improve materials by the isolation, and definition of passivation techniques, to improve the material during solar cell processing. These definitions will follow from the best results experimentally obtained during this project on solar grade silicon solar cells. Feedback will be given to the different stages of manufacturing: solar grade material, crystallisation and solar cell fabrication. Four tasks have to be pursued successively and in parallel to reach the goals. They are strongly interdependent, but formally they can be treated separately: – prospection and procurement of solar grade silicon on the market – experimental crystal growth – evaluation of the materials – material
14852	JOU20427	REMINEL	A rural system for every minute electricity production based on a solar dish-stirling-hydride combination					1994-06-01	1995-05-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	304	The aim of the project REMINEL (Rural system for Every MINute ELectricity) is the development of an efficient solar-thermal electricity generating system for stand-alone non-grid-connected power generation in the range of 10 kilowatt with an investment of 1.500 ECU/kW and negligible maintenance and running costs. The deliverables will be : 1. Feasibility study : Technical evaluation of the REMINEL-project 2. Technical note : Hydride selection and evaluation for the REMINEL-project In order to offer a consumer-friendly electricity production system based on renewable energy, the problem arises of matching the incoming renewable energy with the power demand pattern of the consumer. In the Solar-Hydrogen concepts photovoltaics, windturbines, electrolytes, batteries and fuel cells are the major components. Not only the technical state-of-the-art and cost of these components but also their interfacing problems, reliability and maintenance have led up to now only to a few demonstration projects with big budgets involved, but no commercial output has been achieved. The members of this proposal are convinced that with what will be described as the REMINEL-project a concept is introduced which opens commercial applications. The Dish-Stirling system consisting of a parabolic concentrator and a Stirling engine is accepted as being the most efficient technology among the solar-thermal electricity generating systems for converting solar radiation into electric current. In order to develop a system which enables to produce electricity on demand, even when solar radiation is not available, the Dish-Stirling system is enlarged with a hydrogen storage system. The storage system based on metal hydrides is efficient, highly reliable, low-investment cost with no operational cost. The basic principle of REMINEL is to produce electricity directly with a Stirling engine and store the surplus when solar radiation is available and, when solar radiation is not available, to release heat from the metal-hydride and use the Stirling engine to produce electricity. When in operation, the Dish-Stirling system has to track the sun in two axes. The principal criteria governing the choice of the tracking system and drives are : * low power consumption ( < 1 % ) * simple and reliable control system * use of low-cost series-produced components
14868	JOU20241	nan	Low technology fabrication of cadmium sulphide – cadmium telluride solar cells					1992-11-01	1995-10-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30402	The goal of the project is the reliable production of thin film solar cells with efficiencies in the range of 8%-10%, using a low technology process. If this can be achieved in a school laboratory, then the fabrication process would be viable for on or near site fabrication in the developing world. A reliability of 90% for the process for CdS film deposition was achieved, but for CdTe films a level of only 60% was reached. However, the efficiency of the cells that were built successfully was about 10%, which is what was expected. The project also resulted in the production of fact sheets and information modules for students and teachers. The students benefited from exchanges between the different schools both at their home institutions and during exchange visits. This project is being undertaken by thirty 16-18 year old students from four schools in Europe. Led by a team from Twyford Church of England High School in London, a significant contribution is made by the Goethe Gymnasium in Frankfurt with further support from schools in Potsdam and Prague. It is hoped that the success of the project can be demonstrated by using the cells produced to power the Upton Swing Bridge, West of Reading, for the British Waterways Board. This bridge, which carries a road over a canal used for leisure purposes, is currently manually operated and this leads to significant malfunctions. Its remote location means the cost of installing a mains electricity supply is prohibitive. The leisure use of the canal, which peaks in summer and on sunny days, means there is a natural matching of the load with the output of a solar module. The project will also result in co-operation between schools, industry and universities throughout the consortium. It will train students in the art of technical communication in their own and other European languages.
14882	JOU20420	nan	Development of a 10 KW stand-alone small size wind photovoltaic energy generating system					1994-07-01	1996-06-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	304	The technical objective of this project is to demonstrate that the wind and solar energy of a site can be exploited for small-scale electric energy generation by means of a ‘stand-alone’ integrated generating system using a wind-turbine driven generator, a PV array and a single dc-to-dc power electronic interface between the generating units and the utility circuit. Innovative components will be designed and tested : * a gearless PM axial-flux wind generator * a 10 kW double-input single output d.c.-to-d.c. power electronic interface. A 10 kW rated power pilot plant (5 kW wind power and 5 kW PV power) will be designed and built in the south of Italy. In one sense the wind and solar energy have complementary characteristics. Sunny days are generally characterized by a poor wind activity, whereas wind speeds above the average are observed often during cloudy days and the night. The use of both the solar and wind resources of a site to generate power results thereby is an improvement of the average availability of energy, and in a significant number of cases the needs of electricity users located in rural areas can be met by means of small-size power plants which use wind and photovoltaic energy together with a limited amount of energy storage. Hence, such an approach suggests the development of integrated generating systems, which consist basically of a wind generator and a photovoltaic array operating in the same power circuit. Both these generating units feed a power conditioner, which is devoted to control suitably the power flow and supply the battery system. This project uses an innovative configuration for such stand-alone power plants : a wind-turbine-driven axial-flux PM generator and a photovoltaic array as power generating units. The wind generator supplies a three-phase diode rectifier, and altogether this system produces a variable d.c. output power which depends on the wind speed and the turbine rotor speed. The photovoltaic array is made of a large number of solar cells connected in series and parallel, and this d.c. generator delivers a variable output power depending on the sunlight intensity and the cell temperature. Both generators supply a double-input single-output power electronics interface, which connects the generating units to the utility circuit and operates in order to achieve the best exploitation of the two renewable sources.
14892	JOU20180	nan	Network on monitoring, data reduction, databanks, modelling and simulation					1992-10-01	1995-09-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30206	The objective of this project is to generate technical and economic information which is relevant to design engineers and decision makers. The main result is the software prototype developed to display information collected. The Renewable Energy Multimedia System (REMS) aims to bridge the gap between the scientific and technical experts and the developers. It allows expertise and experience to be shared so that the technology can be exploited. REMS was built using HTML (hypertext markup language), the language used for most documents available on the World-Wide Web. This software platform was selected so that the information can be placed on the Internet or on CD-ROM and any commercially available browsers can view the information. The multimedia information system has links to text, photos, graphs, audio and video information. European renewable energy programmes have generated data which is relevant to researchers. This data is stored in databanks at different locations throughout Europe and is used mainly in the development of computer models. As the market for renewable energy system is developing there is an increased demand for information which can be used by designers to develop new products and by decision makers to plan new research programmes or to use renewable energy systems in regional applications. The main topics covered are : (1) Review of existing monitoring procedures to identify the accuracy and relevance of the data which is stored in the various databanks throughout Europe. (2) Definition of the information which is required by decision makers and system designers. (3) Specify and develop software which can be used to assess the performance of photovoltaic, wind, passive solar and biomass systems or hybrid combinations of the different energy sources. (4) Review software which is used to model and simulate renewable energy systems.
14940	JOU20018	nan	Consequences of decentralized PV on local network management					1993-01-01	1995-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30408	In summer during the hours around noon the solar input on a ground surface may be around 10 times greater than the yearly mean of 100 Watt/m2. This means that a photovoltaic (PV) power installation furnishing only 10 percent of the total load for the year would produce all the electricity needed during the hours of full daylight. Therefore, even if only a small part of the yearly electricity is produced by grid coupled photovoltaics, fluctuations of the solar input will strongly influence photovoltaic electricity production. This project, therefore, aims at a better knowledge of the time dependence of regionally available solar input. In this project the regional dynamics of solar power and their implications for network management of a local or regional utility will be studied. The project is partially based on former studies performed for the European Community, and will comprise : (1) Evaluation with respect to solar dynamics of data collected in a former EC financed measuring campaign ‘European Solar Microclimates’. In this former project global solar energy was measured during 1.5 years in 10 min intervals at 10 locations in 8 European regions, among them Saarbrücken (Germany) and Edinburgh (UK). (2) Measurements of global solar energy in short time intervals (e.g. 30 sec) to get the time dependent regionally distributed solar energy. In Saarbrücken a network of ca. 10 fixed stations is operated for systematic monitoring, in Edinburgh 2 mobile stations are used and radiation measurements on inclined planes are included. (3) Evaluation of the statistical properties of the solar dynamics in a region. Development and control of methods for real time estimation and for short time forecasting of the regionally averaged solar input as a function of time (=’Regional Function’). Space-time correlations of solar data. Consequences on network management and/or load switching.
15110	RENA940043	nan	Sol-Gas Project: Hybrid combined cycle cogeneration plant based on central receiver technology					1995-01-01	1995-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan	SOLAR ENERGY MAY PLAY A KEY ROLE TO SECURE AND MAINTAIN PRESENT AND FUTURE ENERGY REQUIREMENTS, WHILE CONSERVING NATURAL RESOURCES AND PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT, SINCE THEIR USE INVOLVES NONE OR NEGLIGIBLE EMISSIONS OF CO2, SO2, AND NOx. HOWEVER, THE WIDESPREAD USE OF SOLAR ENERGY IS RESTRAINED BY THE HIGH INVESTMENT/PROFIT RATIO OF THIS TYPE OF INSTALLATION WHEN COMPARED WITH OTHER TRADITIONAL ALTERNATIVES. ONE IMPORTANT PROBLEM POSED BY SOLAR ENERGY LIES IN THE RELATIVELY FEW HOURS OF EQUIPMENT OPERATION, WHICH MAKES INVESTMENT RETURNS DIFFICULT. AN ADDITIONAL INCONVENIENCE LIES IN THE LACK OF CORRELATION BETWEEN THE SUPPLY AND DEMAND, DUE TO THE INTERMITTENT NATURE OF THE ENERGY SOURCE AND THE HIGH COST OF ENERGY STORAGE. AN APPROPRIATE SOLUTION IS TO COMPLEMENT THE POWER SUPPLY OF THE GENERATING SYSTEMS WITH FOSSIL FUELS, TO INCREASE THE USE OF THE EQUIPMENT AND BETTER ADAPT TO THE DEMAND. A MOST PROMISING CONCEPT IS A HYBRID SOLAR ENERGY-NATURAL GAS SYSTEM, WHERE SOLAR CENTRAL RECEIVER TECHNOLOGY IS COMBINED WITH FOSSIL FUEL TO MAKE THE INSTALLATION MORE PROFITABLE, INCREASING ITS USE AND VERSATILITY. THUS, THE HYBRID SYSTEM BENEFITS FROM THE ADVANTAGES OF A CENTRAL RECEIVER, RATHER THAN PARABOLIC TROUGH, SYSTEM: A SMALLER RECEIVER SURFACE, WHICH ENABLES OPERATING AT HIGHER ENERGY FLUXES AND HIGH ENERGY CONVERSION EFFICIENCY; A BETTER COSINE FACTOR WHICH YIELDS SUPERIOR FIELD EFFICIENCY; AND LOWER TECHNOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS (EASY TO BUILD AND MAINTAIN). CONCEPTUALLY, THE FOSSIL FUEL IS USED MORE EFFICIENTLY AND INTELLIGENTLY, OVERCOMING THE DEFICIENCIES ENCOUNTERED IN RENEWABLE ENERGY. THUS, THE CONVENTIONAL ENERGY INCREASES THE VALUE OF THE INSTALLATION, IN ADDITION TO THE PURELY ENERGETIC CONTRIBUTION. THE GOAL OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO CARRY OUT THE PREPARATORY PHASES (FEASIBILITY STUDY AND ASSESSMENT OF MARKET POTENTIAL IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA) OF THE SO-CALLED SOL-GAS PROJECT. A PROJECT WHICH AIMS TO BUILD A SOL-GAS COGENERATION PLANT IN ANDALUSIA (SPAIN) THAT FULFILLS THE ABOVE MENTIONED REQUIREMENTS.THE PLANT WOULD BE IN THE RANGE OF 35MWe AND PRODUCE APPROXIMATELY 40t/h OF SATURATED STEAM AS PROCESS HEAT. IT COULD SERVE AS A EUROPEAN PROTOTYPE FOR OTHER SOL-GAS COGENERATION PLANTS TO SUPPLY THERMAL PROCESS ENERGY FOR INDUSTRIAL PLANTS OR SEAWATER DESALINATION
15112	RENA940024	RETEC-PARK	Outdoor to make maximum use of insular renewable energy installations to implement-planning of a renewable energy technological park					1995-01-01	1996-03-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan	In this project, a ready-to-implement plan for a renewable energy technological park at Granadilla (Tenerife-Spain) will be elaborated. The selection of the site where the training activities will take place has been carried out based on the ideal conditions that this area offers to the aims of the project. There is a high availability of solar radiation and wind in this site and there is also a good infrastructure of outside and inside communications. Nowadays, the wind platform is formed by 9 windturbines (2.68 MW) of different technical characteristics, as well as 28 kW PV. This variety of technologies makes feasible a wide possibility of studies.In addition the increasing tourist demand of the island has made possible the establishment of excellent communications with all the European and developing countries. Moreover, there is a lack of training possibilities for renewable energy operators, developers and users that combine training on integration of several renewable energy technologies. Experimentation on renewable energy integration is difficult and up to now no installation in Europe offers experimentation possibilities on a broad range of integration situations. Futhermore, the large public is little aware of the possibilities of renewable energies. This program offers solutions to solve these problems. The renewable technological center planned in this project will become an important instrument to accelerate the large-scale integration of renewable in European Regions. The experimentation possibilities for integrated renewable systems will stimulate the development of renewable energy systems for regional integration. The major aim is focused on the transformation and extension of existing renewable energy installations into a multifunctional park, serving as a showcase and outdoor laboratory of renewable energy technology. The renewable energy installations will be used for experimentation and training on the integration of renewable energy at regional scale, addressing operators, developers and users of renewable energy systems. Secondly, the renewable energy technology park will serve as an awareness stimulating information center in one of the most tourist areas of Europe.
15144	RENA940065	nan	From the action plan for Renewable Energy Sources to the development strategies of the industrial areas in Europe					1995-01-01	1996-06-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan	THE PROPOSAL IS INTENDED TO VERIFY THE FEASIBILITY OF THE PENETRATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN FIVE EUROPEAN METROPOLITAN AREAS (BARCELONA, DUISBURG, GLASGOW, GRAND LYON, TURIN) WITH PECULIAR AND CRITICAL CONDITIONS, SUCH AS: LARGE INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE TO BE STRONGLY RECONVERTED IN THE FUTURE, INCREASING UNENPLOYMENT OR NEED FOR A MAJOR CHANGE IN LABOUR PERSPECTIVES AND HIGH POLLUTION LEVELS AND ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY. A SPECIAL ATTENTION IS GIVEN IN CREATING REPLICABLE PROCEDURE TO OTHER EUROPEAN AND THIRD COUNTRIES (SAINT PETERSBURG WILL ASSIST THE PROJECT IN A FOLLOWER MODE). THE DEFINED GOAL, AS DECLAPED IN THE ACTION PLAN FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES (DECLARATION OF MADRID), IS THE SUBSTITUTION OF THE 15% OF THE REAL PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES, SHOWING, AT THE SAME TIME THE JOB CREATION POTENTIAL OF RE. THE PROJECT CONSIST OF FOUR PHASES: THE FIRST WILL ASSESS THE RESOURCES ON WHICH THE FUTURE OF THE FIVE CITIES’ ECONOMY LIES, IN ORDER TO TRANSFORM THE RE IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY INTO LOCAL DEVELOPMENT. ALSO THE PRINCIPAL KNOWLEDGE RESOURCES AND CORE-COMPETENCIES OF THE CITIES WILL BE DEFINED. THE SECOND PHASE WILL DEFINE AN OPERATIONAL SCHEME FOR THE FIVE CITIES, SETTING UP LOCAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND COMPETENCIES, ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE ENERGY CONSERVATION AND SUBSTITUTION PROGRAMS IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE NECESSARY INVESTMENTS FOR TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATION, DOCUMENTING THE TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY, THE REFERENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND THE FIELD OF APPLICATION. JOB CREATION AND NEW EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES WILL BE EVALUATED. THE THIRD PHASE WILL DEVELOP A COMMUNITY PLANNING IN THE FIVE CITIES. THE CASE STUDIES SELECTED FOR THE COMMUNITY PLANNING ACTIVITY CAN REPRESENT THE FIRST ACTIONS TO BE UNDERTAKEN BY THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OR MUNICIPALITY, TO STRENGHTEN THE FEASIBILITY OF THE GENERAL PLANNING. THE LAST PHASE WILL CREATE FIVE FORUMS FOR THE PUBLIC DIALOGUE, ONE FOR EACH CITY OF THE PROJECT, AND A REPLICABLE PROCEDURE FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE APPLICABILITY OF A RE STRATEGY IN EUROPEAN INDUSTRIAL AREAS WILL BE SET UP.
15247	RENA940057	nan	Large-scale solar heating systems					1995-01-01	1996-02-29		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan	Large-Scale Solar Heating Systems have the potential for economical competiveness within a decade or less. This joint European action will gather the experience available and develop strategies to implement large scale solar heating in industry, housing and energy supply systems. The objectives of this joint action are: 1. Analysis of existing demonstration projects. 2. Identification of areas for further technological development and implementation in the industry concerned. 3. Development of integrated project planning, financing and management methods. 4. Preparation of a joint European R&D programme proposal on Large-Scale Solar Heating to be carried out under FP4. 5. Development of strategies for implementation of a number demonstration projects.
15263	RENA940045	nan	ElectricHome-Assessment of non-electrified houses in Southern Europe and identification of PV system requirements for accelerated large-scale deployment of photovoltaic energy					1995-01-01	1996-06-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan	In view of the enormous potential of stand-alone PV systems in non grid connected houses in Southern Europe, comprehensive efforts are proposed which will create a sound basis for an accelerated large-scale integration of PV in remote areas. The overall objectives of the project are (1) In-depth assessment of all non-electrified houses in Southern Europe, (2) Development of standard PV systems optimally adapted for these houses, and (3) Identification of electric appliances perfectly matching with the systems developed. The partners collaborating in this proposal have a long record of experience in PV in their countries. The standardization task is gratefully supported by the Joint Research Center of the EC in Ispra, Italy. Architectural integration problems will be addressed by a European architect experienced with renewable energies.
15269	RENA940002	nan	Energy conservation and sustainable cities: assessment and evaluation of urban greenhouse policies					1995-01-01	1996-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan	This proposal aims to offer a refreshing contribution to sustainable environmental/ energy strategies by focussing on cities (or urban areas) as catalytic actors for effective energy conservation strategies and environmental manaqement strategies. The background of this proposal is formed by the fact that most people in Europe live in urban areas and that urban areas are becominq increasingly important institutional actors. The study provides the methodology, application and policy analysis of a comparative investigation into critical success conditions of such strategies in European cities. The main emphasis will be on the question how renewable energy policy has been used – and can be used – as an effective contribution to ‘urban greenhouse policy’ in Europe. Based on a systematic, in depth cross-comparative contrast analysis of 12 cities in 3 European countries (Greece, Italy, The Netherlands) – ranging from large to medium size -, so-called urban greenhouse scores (following the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines) will be assessed in order to propose policy strategies based on quantitative information. The potential of new sustainable city strategies will be explored by using a so-called Pentagon model for the identification of critical success factors, followed by a meta-analysis for comparative purposes. The study will generate applicable policy lessons and recommendations for sustainable city strategies in Europe. Further details on the actual research strategy can be found in the Technical Annex.
15273	RENA940019	nan	Concerted strategic action for sustainable application of photovoltaic and bioelectricity technologies in south cone countries					1995-01-01	1997-04-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-RENA	nan	The project is aimed at setting up a thematic network for technical and financial co-operation in order to sustain a process of large scale integration of photovoltaic and bio-electricity technologies in Mercosur countries (including Chile). This network will be provided with different tools and will be trained in order to build up local technical and management capacity for developing the technology and adapting it to local conditions. The work programme of the project considers the following activities : information, technological evaluation, training and dissemination, feasibility studies and definition of demostrative installations and consolidation of the network and of the co-operation. Information will be gathered to develop data bases, thematic maps and characterization dossiers aimed at complementing regional policies, making preliminary selection of projects and be used for training and dissemination activities and for market potential evaluation. The technological evalution actions will drawn up guides containing information on the state of the art, project dossiers, list of suppliers, etc….. aimed at forming the basis for training and dissemination activities. Training and dissemination activities will focus on training on the job of instructors and training courses and network dissemination strategies. The consolidation process will set up an organic basis for mutual collaboration activities taking advantage of the existing synergies within the network and with co-operation programmes. In this sense a specific co-operation plan for Mercosur will be drawn-up, which dedicate special attention to developing frameworks for action, giving priority to analysing new opportunities that can open up for economic development, local and regional development, job creation, innovations in artisanal working methods, agricultural activities, etc….. The management of the project will be developed considering the complementary and the technical and geographical competence of the partnership involved, taking into account the previous experience and the already existing ties between the participant institutions and different Mercosur countries organisation.
15445	JOU20357	IDEAL	Study of iron-disilicide thin films for photovoltaic applications					1994-01-01	1995-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	304	The objective of this project is to do a thorough fundamental feasibility study about the inherent possibilities of FeSi2 as a photovoltaic material.The main goal is the preparation of epitaxial and non-epitaxial thin films of ß-FeSi2 and the study of their basic structural, optical and electrical properties. This project finally aims at the preparation of polycrystalline thin film solar cells on Si-substrates and on cheap substrate materials like glass or ceramics. By means of electrical, microstructural and analytical characterization of the films it has to be clarified whether the high defect density, found until now, is an intrinsic (crystal defects) or extrinsic (impurities) effect. The thin film quality has to be increased by an optimization of the Si/Fe ratio, the preparation parameters and the right choice of an optimal substrate material. If these examinations will be successful a next subject is the preparation and characterization of metal-beta-FeSi2 and ZnO-beta-FeSi2 interfaces to get a built-in electrostatic field acting as a barrier for the majority carriers. Other structures to be investigated are heterojunctions with Si and regular p-n junctions. The work is organized in 3 main work packages: WPl: Formation of the FeSi2-layers (epitaxial or non-epitaxial growth of beta-FeSi2 thin films on Si wafers; polycrystal growth of beta-FeSi2 thin films on non silicon substrates such as glass WP2: Formation of homo- and heterojunctions with FeSi2 (devices ranging homojunctions). WP3: Structural, compositional, electrical, optical,…characterization
15453	JOU20338	nan	Advanced pv/wind hybrid plants					1993-12-01	1995-11-30		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	304	OBJECTIVES AND DELIVERABLES: Objectives: The objective of the project is to standardize and facilitate the design of hybrid systems. The aimed configuration will further improve the efficiency of hybrid systems while reducing the cost at the same time. This is achieved by using a central power conditioning unit, i.e. an innovative self-commutated bi-directional inverter. The increased efficiency will save fuel in the back-up diesel generator. The bi-directional inverter will incorporate the following features: * mpp-tracking for matching of the solar generator * battery management * stabilization of the wind generator AC output * compensation for unsteady loading * excitation control of wind generator * programmable system management Data monitoring at the pilot plant will show the improvement in efficiency and the cost reduction achieved by this advanced hybrid system concept. Future hybrid systems will benefit from the results achieved since a standardised and easy hybrid system design with the bi-directional inverter as universal central unit will ensure a wider dissemination of hybrid plants. The deliverables are : * Material pilot plant * Bi-directional inverter samples for laboratory and pilot plant * Wind generator simulation * PV field tester for solar generator monitoring BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT: ADVANCED PV/WIND HYBRID PLANTS Renewable energy sources like the sun and wind are not supplying constant power. When combining solar energy with wind energy a more continuous supply is achieved since the two energy sources are complementing one another. A diesel generator usually serves as back-up for periods with higher power demand from the loads than available from sun and wind. In this project the system uses a central power conditioning unit, i.e. an innovative self-commutated bi-directional inverter, expected to improve the efficiency and to reduce the cost. Programmable logic will allow flexibility in the system management. The new design will: * save additional charge controller for PV generator * generate and stabilize a stand-alone grid without wind or dieselgenerator * eliminate ac-dc-ac conversion of wind generator output * eliminate ac-dc-ac conversion of diesel generator output * incorporate the complete system management The R&D work on the self-commutated bidirectional inverter will be supported by solar generator and wind generator hardware simulation in the laboratory. The laboratory work will be complemented by the installation of a pilot plant in an appropriate site on a North Sea island with the advanced hybrid system concept for long-term data acquisition.
15472	JOU20421	nan	Power for the world – a common concept development of a first worldwide common concept to introduce and make use of renewable energies for power supply in developing countries					1994-01-01	1995-12-31		FP3	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP3-JOULE 2	30409	In this project, a concept for the supply of all up to now non-electrified areas in developing countries with electricity generated from Renewable Energy (RE) sources will be elaborated. The supply of basic needs such as lighting, cooling, village health care and communication will be investigated. Technical, economical, social, legal and administrative aspects of RE application will be considered. The concept will be presented in a final document and short versions of the concept will be disseminated by journals, media, and on national and international conferences. Effective project management and adherence to strict review procedures has enabled the project to deliver one of the most comprehensive world-wide studies on renewable energy development. Indeed, this information has already made an important contribution to the Declaration of Marrakesh, which has been implemented by the UN and the UN Committee for Sustainable Development. The scientific and technological statements in the report have been well-documented with facts, figures and case studies from a multitude of programmes and countries. These have illustrated some of the many problems facing rural communities, such as the need for small photovoltaic generators and the problem of credit barriers for the rural population. Some of the report’s recommendations have also been innovative including a suggested quality certificate for rural electrification. A network of experienced European partners on Renewable Energies in developing countries will be set-up together with other organizations dealing with RE in developing countries in order to obtain a broad basis for the concept elaboration. Available relevant data on former RE projects in developing countries will be collected, cross-checked and combined. A large number of aspects related to the preparation and implementation of RE projects in developing countries such as information campaigns and training of local staff, budget planning or set-up and operation of RE installations will be studied and corresponding guidelines for future actions will be developed. Based on these guidelines, a concept for the preparation and implementation of the worldwide RE based rural electrification programme will be elaborated.
15618	JOR3980231	nan	Development of a low cost European desalination and process heat collector					1998-08-01	2001-01-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3010103	1. Detailed EUROTrough design including procurement specs, manufacturing drawings, assembly drawings and operating instructions for the full size EuroTrough collector (SBP): – Detailed technical description and specifications of all components of the new Solar Trough Collector Design; – Detailed results of the structural behaviour of the new structure under all operation conditions by FEM calculations; – Construction and workshop drawings of all collector parts; – Design drawings of all required collector manufacturing jigs; – Design drawings of the collector field assembling and erection jig as far as assembling procedures and required tools; 2. Full size prototype of half a 100m EUROTrough Collector Module (Inabensa/DLR). Basing on the calculations, descriptions, specifications, design drawings and workshop drawings the prototype of the EuroTrough solar collector was fabricated and assembled at PSA, Almería. The prototype collector was connected to an existing test installation at PSA which comprises: – Heat transfer loop with Thermal Oil Syltherm 800 (silicone oil) for operation up to 400(0)C; – plant components pump, cooler, expansion vessel; – measurement and control systems for temperature, volume flow, pressure, power, local controller; – a parallel reference collector (LUZ LS-3, from DISS project). The EuroTrough prototype, which is 50 meters long half of the collector, has been mounted in east-west direction to facilitate the performance testing. The irradiation is entering in orthogonal direction once a day, so performance data can be extracted daily. The testing of the collector is primarily dedicated to thermal performance and operation & maintenance experience. In the follow-up project (ERK6-CT1999-00018) an extended test phase includes more detailed thermal and mechanical properties investigation of the collector structure; 3. Solar Process Heat Market Assessment (Fichtner Solar). This task deals with Market Introduction and Dissemination. Within this task, Fichtner was responsible for assessment of industrial process heat requirements in Mediterranean countries segregated by temperature range and suitability for solar process heat generation, based on published sources and detailed investigations for Egypt as a typical country. Industrial Process heat is mainly used in the 80 – 150(0)C temperature range. There is another major use at temperature above 300(0)C, this is mainly in the metal sector. Experience gained with the various evacuated tube and parabolic trough collectors indicates that collector performance mainly depends on how high the operating temperature is above ambient and the intensity of the incident radiation. The thermal output of different collector options has been determined for the solar conditions of Cairo. Without concentration collector performance drops drastically for higher temperatures. For Industrial process heat application a concentrating collector like the Eurotrough is required; 4. Parabolic Metallic Reflector Design Concept (Ciemat) – Theoretical study, by FEM calculations, of structural behaviour of small (1.2m aperture width) metallic collector with very thin metallic foil (<0.2mm thickness) under stress and non-stretched thin metallic sheet (0.5mm thickness); – Two small prototypes: one with stretching technology (1.2 m aperture, 2.4m long) and other with non-stretching technology (1.2m aperture, 3.2m long); – Optimisated procedures in assembly processes for both technologies, assuring a good enough optical quality; 5. Tracking Control Concept (Ciemat): – Detailed tracking control design, with the optimisation in local control (electronic circuitry, communications, cost), optical encoder selection and solar vector mathematical algorithm; – Construction of one tracking control unit and assembly in Euro trough loop at PSA; – Detailed design of a structural testing device to evaluate collector twisting for different daytimes. Construction of one structural testing device. It was installed at the collector 11 of DISS loop at PSA. 1. Objectives In this project the most active solar thermal European industrial partners and research organisations in the field of solar parabolic trough technology want to join their forces, aiming at the development of an advanced, low cost European parabolic trough collector for electricity generation and process heat applications. Details in the industrial objectives are: the industrial development of a new European design of parabolic trough collector modules, that incorporate newest features in lightweight construction, drive technology, control technology and concentrator technology with collector weights below 30kg/m2, -the development of a standard interface for different absorber types: -Iow pressure saturated steam absorber for applications below 200 C . Iow pressure mineral oil absorber for applications from 200 C up to 300 C -Iow pressure synthetic oil absorber for applications from 300 C up to 400 C the achievement of a mass manufacturing, transport and assembly concept, that allows the economic implementation of parabolic trough collectors for electricity generation, desalination and process heat applications ranging from a few MW up to several hundred MW, -definition of suitable applications in the field of process heat, desalination and electrical power generation, -the maximum possible automation of operation, -the minimisation of O&M requirements, -reduction of solar collector costs below 200 USD/m2, -a possibility to integrate the solar heat source into co-generation processes. 2. Technical Approach The following approach will be taken to achieve the R&D objectives of this project: 1. Two alternative collector structure concepts will be developed and analysed for their cost and performance; 2. One optimum design concept will be selected, for which the detailed procurement specifications and manufacturing drawings will be elaborated; 3. Up to 500m2 of representative collector segment will be manufactured and integrated into the existing solar facilities at Plataforma Solar de Almerfa depending on the final design of the collector segment and its cost; 4. A testing program will be conducted, to qualify the prototype experimentally and validate the performance prediction models; 5. During manufacturing and erection, costs will be carefully tracked in order to validate the cost predictions; 6. Standard, modular system concepts for commercial applications will be developed; 7. Desalination and other process heat applications will be identified that are feasible for the use of solar thermal energy. 3. Expected Achievements For all partners, the achievement of the above stated objectives should result in the following industrial benefits: -obtain world-wide leadership in renewable electricity generation and co-generation systems, -obtain an own, full European parabolic trough design, -obtain European system know-how for offering parabolic trough fields to Worldbank/GEF RFQs, obtain a solar concentrating technology suitable for the process heat market starting from a few MW.
15629	JOR3970148	nan	Highly integrateable converters for advanced AC photovoltaics					1997-05-01	1999-04-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Experience has shown that many difficulties arise when installing, operating and maintaining specialized DC-technology in photovoltaic AC-supply systems which range from building applications to grid-comparable decentral electrification. This has stimulated first developments of small converters, especially grid connected and stand-alone inverters, allocated to single or only few modules. However, despite the widespread acceptance of this approach the specific costs of small inverters are still too high. Successful continuation in this direction will require considerable efforts in the areas of miniaturization, innovative circuit topologies and specific signal processing chips. Therefore, support is necessary for the small and medium enterprises which are active in this field. This project is to develop the necessary pre-industrial know how for an advanced generation of small inverters, taking into account all experience gained up to now by the research institutes working in this area together with industry. The systematic investigation of the complete technology will develop a considerable potential for reducing the costs and improving the reliability by miniaturisation, integration and series production in both microelectronics and power electronics. The development goals are quite different for small PV-converters than in conventional applications. A crucial factor for miniaturisation and thereby cost reduction is given by the switching frequency as, with increasing frequency the passive elements become smaller. In order to avoid increased losses, soft switching and new topologies with few semiconductors have to be applied. The main technical characteristics of advanced technology are: – reduced passive elements by high switching frequency – reduction of semiconductor losses by soft switching – integrated power semiconductor and driver circuits – integrated signal processing devices – innovative circuit topologies combining voltage setup and AC-conversion The realisability will be shown by means of detailed simulations and laboratory circuits which allow the assessment of possible miniaturisation and the costs for further development and manufacturing. High technology key components, especially a common signal processing chip for different power circuits, will b defined and prototyped. As miniaturisation and reduced losses result in the reduction of cooling and casing, also future options, e.g. flat PV-incorporated converters will be considered. The project will be carried out using the joint know how of ISET (Germany), ECN (Netherlands), IMEC, SOLTECH (Belgium) and NMRC (Ireland). The key scientific results will be made available and represented in workshops so that many manufacturers will be able to incorporate new solutions. This will create a solid basis for the continuous improvement of AC-converter technology and stimulate research institutes and industrial manufacturers to join forces.
15649	JOR3960100	nan	Design, realization,tests, comparative analysis of low electric consumption PV cooling systems					1996-09-01	1999-08-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Objectives The aim of this project is to determine low electrical consumption cooling systems which are well adapted for photovoltaïcs and for application in developing countries. Three different systems may be considered: night mechanical ventilation, an evaporative air-cooler, and an earth tube system. The efficiencies in sensible heat, which are quite high for these systems (6 to 10) in applications with 220V AC, will be optimized for photovoltaïcs and could reach values of 20 if new, well adapted components are defined. Innovative aspects include : a low consumption motor for ventilators; fan adapted for different systems; centrifugal fan with high efficiency backward curved blades; rotary-type evaporative cooler where the pad is wetted by rotating it through the water bath; suppression of the water pump; a range of devices with cooling power adapted to premises from an office to a small shop; cooling ‘along with the sun’. Technical Approach The technical programme will be as follows: – design of air devices adapted to needs and local climate – study of the most appropriate components – modelling of the elements and system for designing prototypes – realization of prototypes – experimental study of these prototypes under laboratory and real conditions of use – simulation of air cooling systems and a PV air cooling system sizing programme The most appropriate components will be selected and improved systems well adapted for photovoltaïcs will be designed. Air cooling systems (night ventilation, evaporative air-cooler, earth tube system) will be improved in different ways: optimization of the electric fan, design of electronic management modules, design of a rotating pad for an evaporative cooler, adaptation of earth tubes. CIEMAT will contribute particularly to the system theoretical study, modelling and the simulation programme for the air cooling system. COSTIC will contribute particularly to the design of air cooling devices, tests of prototypes in the laboratory and definition of a range of devices. ALPES FROID and APEX will ensure the realization and adaptation of prototypes. Experimental studies of these prototypes under real conditions of use will be realized by CIEMAT and by the University of Athens. Expected Achievements and Exploitation The outputs of this project are : – design and realization of electronic management modules adapted for different cooling systems – design, construction and testing of prototypes – experimentation on site under real conditions of use – simulation programme for different air cooling systems and sizing methods – definition of a range of devices in order to provide air flow from 250 m3/h to 3000 m3/h. At the end of the three years research the different PV air-cooling devices will be industrially developed by the industrial company ALPES FROID and commercialised by APEX.
15774	JOR3960106	nan	European organic solar cell initiative					1996-08-01	1998-07-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Objectives The aim of the project is to develop solar cells using organic materials. The general goal is the determination of both the materials and the device structures that are the best suited for photovoltaic application. An important point is the overall efficiency of solar energy conversion and a particular attention is to be paid to the stability of the device. From the results of the project, technological routes of potential industrial interest for fabrication of organic solar cells will be defined. Technical approach Technical interest for organic semiconductors is motivated by recent significant advances. In particular, Japanese laboratories have published break-through photovoltaic conversion efficiencies of several per cent in multi-layer devices fabricated under ultra-high vacuum conditions. Economically, for low consumption devices, photovoltaic energy appears far less expensive than any remote electric-network connection. A reduction of photovoltaic energy cost with respect to amorphous silicon devices may boost the market. Our approach consists of a comparative evaluation of two competing technologies : solution deposition of polymers and vacuum deposition of low molecular-weight materials. Scientific objectives are the development of an insight into the physics of the device specific to the photovoltaic application, the identification of the overall efficiency as well as stability-limiting processes during all steps of photocurrent and photovoltage generation, the correlation to chemical and physical structure as molecular engineering rules. Technical objectives are the fabrication of stable solar cell devices operating with typically 4% efficiency as a proof of principle to assess the interest in pursuing organic materials further, towards improved device fabrication procedures. The industrial feasibility of organic solar cells will be assessed by demonstrating their specific advantages from the fabrication and from the end user points of view. Expected Achievements and Exploitation The major consequence of the realisation of organic photovoltaic devices is cost reduction : for industrial-scale produced raw organic materials, but also for fabrication, especially in the case of solution processing which is well adapted to large surfaces. Other important consequences are : reduction of the weight of photovoltaic cells, possibility to produce flexible devices, involvement of environmentally safe, and possibly low-temperature, technologies. Technological routes of potential industrial interest for the fabrication of organic solar cells will be defined. At this stage, industrial partners will be introduced in the partnership as industrial manufacturers and as end users. In view of the demonstrated specific advantages of organic solar cells, appropriate commercial strategies will be elaborated, including large-scale photovoltaic systems, but also small ultra low-cost electronic devices for which energy autonomy is required.
15977	JOR3950085	nan	Development of advenced hybrid heat pipe receivers in dish/stirling systems for decentralized power production					1996-01-01	1999-06-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	308	Project Objectives The objective of the project is to contribute to a commercialization of the dish Stirling technology that can provide the decentralized power demand of small communities in Mediterranean countries utilizing concentrated solar radiation. Key component is the solar receiver which will have to be improved with respect to lifetime and economy, and will have to be hybridized, in order to increase the availability of electric power supply. Therefore, the following three goals are pursued: To develop heat pipe receivers with specially adapted combustion systems (natural, biogas) for a possible 24 h / d operation, to considerably decrease the investment costs by a new manufacturing method for the wick structure of the heat pipes and to demonstrate technical maturity by a one year’s routine operation in two dish Stirling systems. Technical Approach A low emission, high efficiency and high density combustion system, based on proved burners used in small co-generation units, will be developed. This work includes heat transfer calculations for the development of a new preheater, investigations of appropriate high temperature materials, the adaption of the air and fuel systems and finally the construction of two burners. Parallel to the construction of two heat pipe receivers with conventional wick structure, a new production method using the high frequency plasma spraying (HF-PS) technique will be developed. After investigating the influence of HF-PS parameters on produced coatings (porosity, grain size, etc.), various samples with respect to permeability, wettability (heat transfer medium Sodium), capillary height, thermal conductivity, etc., will be tested. Based on the results, a prototype heat pipe will be manufactured and bench scale tests will be carried out. After the complete electronic control system has been provided, all components will be installed in the DISTAL Dish system. System start-ups in gas only and solar as well as hybrid operation will be followed by a 14 hours/day routine operation for 12 months. Expected Achievements & Exploitation Two low emission combustion systems, attached to two heat pipe receivers for Dish/Stirling systems, will be constructed and tested under real conditions. Also a new wick structure for heat pipes that is easy to produce and therefore very inexpensive will be developed. As well as benefits for other heat pipe applications and for a further increasing market of co-generation units, the chances of a commercialization of Dish/Stirling systems in developing countries will be clearly enhanced. The experiences of this project will be offered to interested organizations and industries. The installation of several units in planned demonstration plants, where 100 dish modules at 10 kW are clustered, has been considered.
15978	JOR3980242	nan	Cost reduction for dish/stirling systems					1998-06-01	2001-07-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3080103	Dish/Stirling (D/S) solar electric systems at power levels ranging from 5 kW and clustered to 10 MW have been internationally identified as one of the most promising technologies for future decentralised solar and solar/hybrid electricity generation in regions with high solar radiation. In current performance and longevity tests they have demonstrated for being the most efficient technology in converting solar radiation into electric energy in comparison to all other solar electric systems. First market assessments for the Mediterranean area showed a market potential of more than 500 to 600 MW which could be opened up in the mid-term. With this environmental clean and resource-saving technology a huge export market for the industrialised nations could be developed. The technical feasibility of the D/S system designed by Schlaich Bergermann und Partner have been proven in several prototypes with more than 26 000 operating hours (world record). The main barrier to introduce D/S systems to the market are acceptable system costs. SBP’s D/S design has already reached 11 000 ECU/kWelfor single prototype installations. Further cost reductions are only possible by developing and testing new cost optimised components and preparing small series production. For first market penetrations in remote areas and island installations, system costs have to be below 5 000 ECU/kWel. This will be achieved by: – Cost reduction of involved components Actual prototypes have been built by using available of-the-shelf components which are however expensive and not well adjusted to the use in Dish/Stirling applications. Thus new components will be developed, manufactured and tested. – Developing of a new concentrator manufacturing procedure The actual costs for the steel parts of the prototypes are approximately 6 to 7 ECU/kg. The material costs are only 0.5 to 1 ECU/kg.Thus new component design and manufacturing concepts will be developed, and the required tools with the ability to reduce costs to 2.5 to 3 ECU/kg will be developed, built and tested. – Stirling engine The manufacturing cost for the Stirling engine will be reduced by developing adequate tools for small series production. – Development and test of a cost effective building procedure – Remote monitoring and protected control via World Wide Web (WWW) – Erection and test of three pre-commercial units as reference systems
15987	JOR3980300	nan	Novel solar assisted fuel driven power system					1998-06-01	2001-11-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3080103	PROJECT OBJECTIVES The objective of this project is the development and demonstration of a novel high temperature solar process for electricity production. The novel process comprises solar upgrading of hydrocarbons by steam reforming in solar specific receiver reactors and utilization of the upgraded fuel in high efficient conversion systems as gas turbines (GT) or fuel cells (FC). This process can be used in small scale as a stand alone system for off-grid markets as well as in large scale to be operated in connection with conventional Combined-Cycle plants. The solar reforming process has an intrinsic potential for solar/fossil hybrid operation as well as a capability of solar energy storage. TECHNICAL APPROACH The experimental solar test facility of the Weizmann Institute of Science (WIS) will be modified and adjusted to the new type of operation and new equipment will be designed, purchased and installed. The volumetric receiver-reactor (VRR) developed during the last decade to operate in a closed loop for CO2 reforming of methane will be modified and adjusted to work with steam and different hydrocarbon feeds. The main changes are the catalytic system as well as the higher operation pressure and temperature of the VRR. The most suitable GT will be purchased, modified and connected with the solar reforming system. This integration includes a dual fuel operation, combustion chamber interfacing with the products and combination of its control to the solar system. After completion the system consists of the solar field, the modified loop, the improved VRR and a modified GT and will be operated in the pilot power range of 300 kWel at the solar test facility WIS. The electricity produced will be delivered to the grid of WIS. The hardware part is supported and completed by studies to enable commercialization of the new solar system and to identify the potential of fuel cell integration. EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS AND EXPLOITATION Major technical innovations include: – modification of a suitable GT to work with both – synthesis-gas and fossil fuel – thus ensuring smooth and steady power supply regardless to the intermittent nature of solar energy, – adjustment of the GT control and operation scheme to operate in solar and fossil mode, – further development of the VRR with it’s solar specific components quartz window and catalytically active absorber to bear higher pressures and temperatures and to operate with LPG, – control and operation of the complete solar reforming process. The novel solar assisted fuel driven power system, developed here, has not been in the market before. As soon as the system reach operating conditions that satisfy to the consortium, it will start with commercialization of a small scale system. The consortium has strong interest to include utilities, gas companies and local industry as early as possible in exploitation and dissemination.
16064	JOR3980259	nan	Product identification, pilot plant design and market potential evaluation for copper indium disulphide (CuInS2) solar cells on copper tape substrates					1998-06-01	2000-05-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020102	It is proposed to undertake a substantial technologically oriented research and development effort in the field of copper indium disulphide (CuInS2) solar cells, based on the innovative approach using copper tape substrates. The emphasis is on bringing the present laboratory scale development into the pilot plant stage and in parallel to identify technically the product area’s which are most suitable for the earliest production scenario, together with a market potential evaluation. The combined expertise and experience of the proposed partners will have a strong impact on this important new development. Some important features of this new development are: – large degree of freedom in product design, from large-area, high power to small area indoor, from flexible to rigid, – non-toxic, – low material costs, – ease of up scaling and – low production costs due to continuous in-line processing, atmospheric pressure processes, high throughput and low investment costs. The industrial partners work on solar cell optimisation and marketing and development strategies parallel to the project. The three main objectives of this project are: – To evaluate the market potential for this innovative approach, related to the special features. – To design a pilot plant for the most likely first product. – To construct demonstration modules for the various product ranges. After the successful introduction of this new technology by the respective industrial partner, these objectives are realistic targets. In order to reach the goals it is proposed to perform a multidisciplinary research effort. reaching from device-physical aspects covered by the university partner, solar cell characterization and process development by the university and the research institutes, product assembly and pilot plant design by the research institutes and the industrial partners to market and economic analysis mainly by the industrial partners. To guarantee the successful fulfilment of these efforts the project is tightly scheduled and divided into one management task (task 1 ) and five technical tasks. The solid starting point for this development is the copper indium disulphide solar cell material on copper tape substrates processed role-to-roll already available at the beginning of the project. This is the starting point to understand the juntion physics, for window layer development, for interconnection studies, for prototype fabrication and for pilot plant design. The output of all of this will serve as input for the market potential evaluation.
16069	JOR3970149	EUROCIS-M	Demonstration of the manufacturability of CIS technology					1997-04-01	1999-09-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Thin film solar cells on the basis of CuInSe2 and related chalcopyrite (CIS) are the most promising options for low cost photovoltaics because they could combine high efficiency with low cost processes. World leading submodule efficiencies of close to 14% on 10x10cm2 substrates have been achieved by members of the consortium (ZSW/IPE). The general objective is to demonstrate technically the manufacturability of large area CIS based solar cell modules. The basis for the work is the successful development of coevaporation processes in the previous EUROCIS project which made the European effort world leading in this technology. The extrapolations for the upscaling of processes made in the APAS project MusicFM will be critically evaluated. All technological steps and solutions for possible problems/bottlenesck will be investigated. New solutions will be experimentally tested and eventually implemented. Improved process technologies will be finally demonstrated on 30×30 cm2 module area. The goal is an aperture area efficiency of 12% on 30x30cm2 substrates and 14% for small modules on 10×10 cm2 area. These values exceed the presently achieved performance by one percent unit. Scientific and technical objectives are to: – identify, with the input of the MusicFM study, the bottlenecks of the state of the art technology of all process steps with respect to: throughput, deposition speed, yield and material usage – evaluate new and improved materials and processes. – introduce process improvements to finally eliminate the bottlenecks identified. – address environmental issues. The work contains a comprehensive analysis and assessment of all process steps with respect to yield (material and process), throughput, cycle time and environmental impact. This analysis will be based on experimental work so that reliable data are obtained. Furthermore experiments are directed towards new issues for fabrication processes and device design. The most important items of the work are in particular: – control of substrate quality and impurity diffusion – semiconductor deposition for absorber films: detailed studies on limitation of deposition speed for coevaporation of absorber films with respe to basic (thermodynamic and reaction kinetics) and process related issues. – Junction and heterointerface: Thermodynamic stability, buffer layer materials and process optimisation, replacement of the Cd containing buffer layer by a novel junction formation technique. – ZnO sputtering and ALE processes: interaction with heterointerface, electrical/optical figure of merit, throughput. – Module technology: Laser scribing, new interconnects schemes, electrical connects and encapsulation. – Devices: increase of the open circuit voltage of the single cell to 800 mV and at the same time achieving 16 % efficiency. This step makes module design (interconnects and thickness of conductive films) less critical. For each process step a clear description of throughput, yield and tolerances of each process step will be made. Alternative solutions will be worked out. A reassessment of module production costs will be carried out at the end of the project. Final goal is to demonstrate a manufacturing process for 30×30 cm2 module with an aperture area efficiency of 12% which complies with the requirements for upscaling at a low cost level.
16078	JOR3980227	nan	Optimal light confinement schemes in multicrystalline Si solar cells					1998-06-01	2000-07-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020101	A basic process flow of a cost-effective Si solar cell process looks as follows: – Saw damage removal – Texturing – Emitter diffusion – Emitter passivation – ARC-deposition – Backside and frontside contacting by means of screenprinting and firing of the paste. The properties of porous Si (or a modified form) can be used advantageously on three places in this generic process flow. It acts as a replacement for the texturization step and the ease of adapting the refractive index of this material make it an attractive method to achieve an ARC-effect. If, in addition, it also proves to have good surface passivation properties, the introduction of porous Si in this generic process will automatically lead to a selective emitter process, where the emitter in between the fingers has a lower surface concentration. This will improve the blue response of the cell. This would allow to replace three steps in the realization of the cell by one low-temperature treatment. Since there are two competing technologies for the formation of porous Si (electrochemical and chemical), the project will study both at the start of the project, since the existing knowledge does not allow to make a final choice yet. This leads to two parallel roads, where the electrochemical route will be headed by IMEC in collaboration with CNRS-LPSB. The chemical etching route will be headed by ISE in collaboration with UAM. After the choice of the most suited technique, the industrial partners ASE and Merck will take the lead in the development effort for introducing the chosen technique in a cost-effective process and for the assessing the reliability and stability of porous Si on cell level. Once this basic knowledge is established for porous Si on multicrystalline substrates, the consortium will focus on introducing this material in a cost-effective process. New questions will have to be dealt with at this level: how will the porous Si behave after encapsulation (optical properties, stability) and what are the costs and implications of handling the HF-containing bath, needed for the formation of porous Si.
16126	SE./00202/97	nan	PV STAND-ALONE AND GRID CONNECTED SYSTEMS IN INTEGRATED REGIONAL RURAL ENERGY PLANNING					nan	nan		FP4	€ 1,335,600.00	€ 534,240.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	Strategic aims : – To consolidate an organizational scheme for large scale PV rural electrification programmes based on users association. To strenghten the activities related to garanteed long term service, maintenance and user training on rational use of PV electricity. – To involve energy planning authorities, new and traditional energy distributors and users. – The creation of local jobs by employing local SME into the installation and maintenance. – To create a network of local technicians trained to service and repair PV plants and assist them by modem for trouble shooting. The Technology objectives : – Standard electrical supply for the least investment and operating cost in isolated sites from 450 Wp. – To increase competiveness of European industry to reach large world markets. – To increase battery life by improvement on operation management. – To improve user acceptance by user friendly interface. – Reduction of downtime and maintenance costs through standardized layout. – Telemanagement and surveillance of systems by modem, to assist local PV agent The main innovative are : – integrated energy planning strategy considering on equal footing grid extension vs. PV stand alone for 1000 sites without electricity. – Service approach with long term guarantee of results and concerted maintenance through a new energy distributor capable to promote results widely. – Participation of key decision makers, energy planning authority, energy distributor, industry and user in a comprehensive programme complemented by efficient use of energy. – Improvement of the operation management of PV components with emphasis on battery lifetime. – telemanagement and surveillance of systems by modem, to assist local PV agent. – Users share experiences in efficient use of PV energy. Mandatory high efficiency appliances. – User participation in maintenance tasks incentivated by cash refund of maintenance fees. To solve the rural energy deficit governments plan grid extension infrastructure ahead of time. In several districts in Spain this has been carried out and some milestones that have been reached are : – an updated survey of the service needs of the area identifying 1000 sites and the power and energy requirements involved in the activity. – Cost evaluation of all technically sound alternative feasible. This means grid extension or PV stand-alone systems if the same quality service can be assured. – Proposal of two complementary subprojects : grid extension to 586 sites and PV stand-alone to 414 sites, each subdivided in two phases. For the 1st phase of the PV (100 sites of the 414) subproject user, energy distributors and local authorities will coordinate to achieve : – Selection of grid connection or PV stand-alone as a function of energy needs and distance to the grid with only one infrastructure proposal to the user. – Stand-alone PV electrification installation to supply electric power on a long term service basis. – Standard quality of supply (230V AC), high-reliability and improved efficiency (MPPT).
16128	JOR3980293	nan	Solar VVC desalination plant					1998-09-01	2001-08-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	301	PROJECT OBJECTIVES Many attempts have been made at developing commercial solar desalination systems but no such system has materialised. The reason for this is that while technical options have been demonstrated they are too complicated or too expensive to compete with fossil fuel systems. The objective of this project is to design and build a prototype solar desalination plant that will be commercially viable and produce water at less than $2/m3. The plant will have a capacity of 750 m3/day. TECHNICAL APPROACH The approach taken is to use a desalination technology that has the lowest energy consumption and combine it with a solar thermal system that produces the least cost energy that is compatible with the desalination technology: – a commercially available vacuum vapour compression (VVC) desalination system which is normally electrically powered will be converted to run on steam at 25 bar pressure. Mechanical energy consumption can then be reduced to below 10 kWh/m3 – a fixed mirror concentrator and a tracking receiver will provide thermal power for the desalination unit. An annual solar-steam energy efficiency of 43% is predicted. EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS AND EXPLOITATION The system can operate in solar only or hybrid mode. The project tasks comprise: 1) Modification and testing of VVC unit to operate on steam 2) Design and testing of the heat transfer system (receiver, storage and boiler), 3)System Optimisation 4) Final Design and Construction 5) Commissioning and Monitoring and 6) Integration Issues. The most risky task is the design of the solar receiver. There are five milestones: – VVC desalination unit achieves an energy consumption less than 10 kWh/m3 – Solar receiver achieves target efficiency of 65% – Prototype is completed and produces 750 m3/day of clean water under solar only conditions. – Prototype achieves an availability of 80%.
16138	JOR3980230	nan	Remote performance check for grid connected PV systems using satellite data					1998-06-01	2001-05-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020104	Objectives of the project Small photovoltaic (PV) systems (i.e. in the power range of 1 to 10 kWp) regularly do not include any long term surveillance mechanism. As most system operators are not PV specialists, partial system faults or decreasing performance may not be recognized. The project will set up a remote performance check for small grid connected PV systems. No additional hardware installation will be necessary on site. Technical approach The site specific solar irradiation data will be derived from satellite images rather than from ground based measurements. On the basis of monthly irradiation time series, monthly values of PV system yield will be calculated and distributed automatically via postcard, fax or e-mail (whatever is most suitable) towards the system operators. The work necessary for the establishment of the PVSAT procedure is divided in five work packages: (1 ) Set up of a calculation procedure from satellite image data to site and system specific solar radiation at ground level. (2) Comparison of satellite derived radiation data with data from interpolation between ground stations, as quality check for the results of WP 1. (3) Definition of a generalized plant description, applicable to (residential) grid connected PV systems, and a corresponding numerical plant performance model for use with sparse input data. (4) Integration of the results of WPs 1 to 3 into the operational PVSAT performance check system. (5) Test and evaluation of the PVSAT procedure in the field, aided by solar energy users associations . Expected achievements The procedure will provide an operational, very low cost, long term surveillance for small PV systems, applicable to nearly any site within Europe. The mailings generated by PVSAT will remind the system operator periodically to check the performance of his installation, by comparing the meter reading at his site to the predicted value. In this way, a high system performance will be ensured over the whole lifetime of a PV system. Concerning the operating costs, the PVSAT procedure bears the potential of being the most cost effective way to check the performance of a large number of systems. This will enable a broad application of the procedure.
16139	JOR3980217	nan	Development of standard test procedures for electromagnetic interference (EMI) tests and evaluations on photovoltaic components and plants					1998-06-01	2000-05-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020105	OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT On the 1 st January, 1996, new laws on the ‘electromagnetic compatibility of appliances (EMC)’ came into force as legal basis for the electromagnetic compatibility in most countries of the European Union. There is uncertainty among representatives of the affected trades on the specifications which have to be met by components and systems (especially for PV). The objective of the ‘PV-EMI-Project’ is the realization of a standardized European approach towards the Electromagnetic Compatibility of Solar Photovoltaic (‘PV’) Systems by means of elucidating the legal situation, developing measuring concepts, doing concrete sample measurements and realizing information dissemination to standardization committees and final users (industry, SMEs, plant owners). TECHNICAL APPROACH The technical approach is to reconcile legal pretensions on EMC and safety aspects with specific technical features of PV systems and components by: – collecting a survey over EC EMC standards applicable to PV systems and plants. The technical demands resulting from the standards and regulations will be adapted to PV systems and basic requirements for measurements will be identified. – identifying and developing measuring concepts to prove, that PV systems comply with essential protection requirements, – discussing the relation between EMC measures and other safety concepts, especially by elucidating the influence of lightning and overvoltage protection measures to the EMC behaviour, – performing sample measurements to prove the applicability of the developed measuring concepts and to produce general examples as orientation. – preparing recommendations on guidelines, forms and information sheets for use of standardization committees and application by PV specialists and owners. EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS The achievements of these objectives should result in concrete benefits for national and international standardization committees, PV industry, installers and owners of PV systems and components. It is expected that after the end of the project recommendations for modifications or specifications of existing standards and regulations will arise, which need to be processed by standardization committees to get part of the harmonized European legislation.
16144	JOR3980297	nan	Efficient thin film solar cells based on cuins2					1998-05-01	2001-04-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020101	The primary goal of the project is the demonstration of a small area, 15% efficient thin film solar cell which is free of Cd and Se and uses a small number of elements. This goal shall be achieved by a CuInS2 based solar cell (SULFURCELL). The avoidance of Cd and Se and the restriction of the number of different elements incorporated in the cell will reduce production and recycling costs as well as environmental impacts. Development and optimization will be performed on all constituent components of the cell, i.e. substrate, backcontact, absorber, buffer and transparent front contact. The ternary chalcopyrite CuInS2 has an optimum band-gap and potential for high efficiency and high open circuit voltages facilitating the module design. Extrinsic doping and growth assistance will be used to improve the opto-electronical properties of CuInS2 as required for the project’s goal. Cd free buffer layers with a suitable conduction band alignment to CuInS2 have to be developed. Novel concepts such as aerosol based techniques, spin coating and band-gap engineering by quantum confinement will be pursued. Transparent conductive oxides such as ZnO, ITO and SnO, deposited by sputtering or MOCVD are used as front contacts after optimization of transparency, conductivity and haze. Valuable input for these tasks is expected from characterization methods such as transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The material science aspects will be supplemented by the investigation of topics especially important for scaling-up and commercial exploitation, e.g. substrate and patterned back-contact cost reduction, encapsulation and stability tests. The results of all sub-tasks will be used as input for an exploitation study.
16155	SE./00096/97	PROFESSA	FULL SCALE DEMONSTRATION OF PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC LIGHTING BY STAND-ALONE PV SYSTEMS IN THE NETHERLANDS					nan	nan		FP4	€ 3,900,000.00	€ 1,000,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	Aim of the project is the full scale demonstration of the viability of stand alone PV systems for professional public lighting in rural and urbanised areas through the realisation of 1700 (300 kWp) PV powered lighting system in the Netherlands, Belgium and Spain, by four utilities and national authorities and municipalities, the key players in public lighting. European market development for professional stand alone PV systems future expansion of the use of PV systems. The multi MegaWatt market for PV powered public lighting is regarded as one of the most promising short term opportunities for the introduction of PV in Western European countries. Many technical prototypes have been introduced so far. However, for realisation of mature products complying with the end-user needs and European standards, close co-operation with the key players in public lighting is essential. Therefore this project is carried out by ECOFYS (NL), IMEC (B) and Trama TecnoAmbiental (ES) in close co-operation with utilities (NUON, ENECO, PNEM, Interelectra), RWS and municipalities. This secures integration of PV lighting service into the existing conventional infrastructure for public lighting. On both the National and European level, R&D programs are carried out aiming at large scale introduction of SAPV. Dutch national policy aims at an annual turn-over of 1MWp/y in 2000 on the Dutch SAPV market, comprising public lighting as one of the main applications. Professa will in selected areas demonstrate optimised and integrated SAPV for public lighting as a viable alternative for grid connected lighting systems. By its volume the project presents to industrial parties and key end users, the justification for investment in major product improvement resulting in improved designs, higher quality and better price-performance ratio. The project will result in 1700 lighting systems (total nominal power 300 kWp) system in six districts in The Netherlands (200 kWp) and in Belgium (40 kWp) and Spain (60 kWp). Industrial effort in optimisation of PV powered lighting systems, generated by increased market pull. The project will lead to reduced costs and an improved quality level of SAPV and specifically PV powered public lighting due to economy of scale. Increased confidence of utilities, national and local authorities and the general public in SAPV. Implementation of PV lighting systems in the regular public lighting activities and infrastructure of the key players in the field of public lighting, ensuring structural replication of the use of SAPV in public lighting. Innovative aspects of the project are : – full scale integration of PV powered public lighting systems into the regular public lighting infrastructure. – optimisation and integration of improved PV power system in public lighting system. – mature technology, design and integration of PV preventing vandalism as proven in pilot projects – compliance with severe national standards (NSVV) for conventional lighting systems – low cost performance and quality monitoring – enhanced system performance by improved quality control and commissioning procedures.
16184	REB/00221/95	nan	LARGE-SCALE SOLAR DOMESTIC HOT WATER SYSTEMS IN NORTHWEST EUROPE					1995-09-01	1999-06-30		FP4	€ 5,047,000.00	€ 1,009,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	9	– Cost reduction of SDHW systems by realisation of large-scale projects for various countries. – Integration of SDHW systems in project development, architectural design, the building process, the conventional installation of large scale housing developments. Special attention for the implementation of quality control schemes already developed and architectural integration. – International knowledge transfer and exchange regarding the above aspects. – Realisation of over 3000 SDHW systems in 6 EU-countries by realisation of large-scale SDHW projects (100 to 1000 systems each in Denmark, Sweden, Germany, and The Netherlands and realisation of medium-scale SDHW projects ‘approx. 100 systems each) in Belgium an the United Kingdom. – Promotion of intra-community trade via public Call for tenders. INNOVATION : – The procedure of realisation of large-scale SDHW projects. – The promotion of intra-community trade via a public Call for tenders. CONTEXT : Solar Domestic Hot Water (SDHW) is becoming a mature technology. In the past 20 years, R&D has led to significant improvements in cost-effectiveness of standard systems for family households. For a large-scale market introduction, a further cost-reduction is necessary, accompanied by rigorous quality control. Two tracks should be followed at the same time: – continuing R&D leading to lower manufacturing cost. – large-scale project development, reducing selling and installation cost. This can reduce system cost by as much as 40%. Favourable experience with the latter approach has been gained in an ongoing Thermie-project in The Netherlands (SE/479/92/NL), also known as the Apeldoorn Solar Project. In this project, now halfway, 1000 SDHW systems are being installed in a new housing development. ECONOMIC ASPECTS : The average payback time of the systems will be 12 years, where the life time of the installations is estimated to be 20 years.
16200	SE./00061/95	nan	AN OPTIMIZED ARCHITECTURALLY INTEGRATED PV SYSTEM AT THE NEW ENECO UTILITY OFFICE BUILDING IN THE HAGUE (NL)					1995-01-01	1996-02-13		FP4	€ 1,600,000.00	€ 640,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	A 100 kWp grid connected and architecturally integrated PV system. The primary aim is to demonstrate the technical and economical feasibility and the appeal of a fully architectural integrated (grid-connected) PV system, and an advanced electrical system layout for maximum performance. The PV elements are applied to the roofs and facades of the new ENECO head office in the Hague (NL).
16202	SE./00155/97	nan	A GRID CONNECTED AND INTEGRATED PV SYSTEM IN THE CENTRAL BUIDINGS OF THE BARCELONA CITY HALL					1997-12-01	2001-06-01		FP4	€ 1,273,585.00	€ 509,433.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	The aim is to provide : 1. An improvement in the integration of grid-connected PV systems in Buildings by using a lower cost, standard and normalised technology, developed within the framework of the Joule II contract n? JOU2-CT92-0046 (The mataro Public Library, MPL) 2. A significant demonstration in two buildings of the Barcelona City Hall located in the civic centre showing the possibility and viability of a PV electrical generation equivalent to 10 % of the electrical consumption of the three central City Hall buildings. The innovative technology lies within the following points : 1.1 A powerful high-performance grid-connected PV system (100kwp) for buildings will be designed and constructed. The improvement tasks will be focused on : a) the improved connection between PV system and electrical grid. b) the ventilation of multifunctional modules to decrease the temperature effects in PV cells, by using natural air buoyancy as well as the Venturi effect of forced air coming from the existing air renovation of offices, and c) The effective cost reduction of the architectural integration of ventilated PV multifunctional modules into roofs. 1.2 A relevant PV demonstration in the City Hall of one of the most important European cities. The co-ordinator (the Barcelona City Hall) is an important decision maker for the future of the PV development in buildings. 1.3 The use of PV systems in a new market context as it is the retrofitting of a historical city area. 1.4 The installation of PV buildings in a dense area of the city. 2. The proposed technology will be applied in buildings of the Barcelona civic center. 3. Economic aspects of the technology, i.e overcost compared to a conventional equipment, cost of energy produced is appropriate. In fact, assuming mean life of 25 years and energy investment of 204.000.000 Pta the cost of PV production is 58.3 Pta/kWh ($0.45/kWh) which is moderately lower than Swiss cost ($0.5/kWh) as it is referred by Atlantis and 3 times higher than the conventional Spanish costs. 4. A monitoring for electrical, meteorological and main thermal parameters will be installed.
16211	JOR3980218	CADBACK	The CDTE thin film solar cell – improved back contact					1998-05-01	2001-10-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020101	Objectives: The project has the aim to increase the efficiency of CdTe thin film solar modules at assured stability by developing a new, low resistance, stable back-contact suited for mass production and to demonstrate the feasibility of a stable efficiency of 13 % for modules of 30 x 30 cm2 size. Technical approach. This goal shall be achieved through development of a back contacting process by study and variation of ‘classical’ and new contact materials (such as low bandgap, p\-semiconductors), doping and deposition processes in a cyclic two-step iteration procedure, narrowing-down of the different options and techniques to one final procedure under continuous experimental and theoretical analysis, diagnosis and testing. This shall be performed by a consortium including a SME-type industrial company and six European research institutions, well equipped and experienced with development, analysis and modelling of the CdTe thin film solar cell from work done in part within past cooperative projects. Expected achievements and exploitation. It is expected to realise a technology for production of significantly improved CdTe modules of stable efficiency of 13%. The results will be exploited by the industrial partner in a production plant to be built in Germany able to manufacture 60 x 120 cm2 size modules at a capacity of 100,000m2 per year. 0101
16216	JOR3980211	nan	Light engineered thermal processes and screen printing techniques for industrial low cost high efficiency selective emitter silicon solar cells					1998-07-01	2001-06-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020101	OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT Higher efficiency and lower production cost are essential to bring the Cost/Wp of industrial PV modules down to acceptable levels. To achieve the first criteria, selective emitter approaches have been successful in laboratory level but remain unacceptable for implementation in industry due to an increased number of steps, heavy usage of chemicals, higher thermal budget & production cost. In this project, optical thermal processing based on Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) technology will be applied in order to fabricate industrial high efficiency selective emitter solar cells in single thermal step by engineered selective light and printing technologies involving neither photolithographic steps nor prolonged thermal treatments. This low thermal budget scheme will provide a cost-effective and faster process to manufacture industrial selective emitter cells with high efficiencies TECHNICAL APPROACH Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP) using radiation from tungsten-halogen lamps as heat source has been seen for nearly 15 years as a very promising candidate to replace conventional furnace annealing. Research on various aspects of RTP in solar cells has given very promising outcome in the EC Contract ‘LowThermCells’. The optical transfer of energy in RTP can be used to go further forward in promising ways to fabricate industrial selective emitter cells. – Selective emitter formation by spectrally engineered lamp heating and by groove engineering that results in differential diffusion of dopants thereby forming selective emitter in single step in very short time. – use of selectively printed/deposited doping sources for fast lamp annealing in belt or RTP furnaces equipped with lamps – application of an efficient surface passivation scheme that is very necessary for high efficiency selective emitter cells. (rapid thermal oxidation and/or low temperature surface passivation with high through-put compatibility) – screenprinting metallization for selective emitters with high through-put pilotline equipment and fast-firing of metal contacts in lamp furnaces EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS The main expected achievements of the Light-Print-Cells (LPC) project, include the: – Development of high through-put & high efficiency low thermal budget process scheme acceptable to industry to fabricate single-step selective emitter cells. – Enhancement of the through-put of lamp furnaces for the new generation of solar cells. – Reduction of chemical steps, making the process environmentally safer. Performance target: 15-15.5% on multi- and 17-17.5% efficient encapsulated CzSi; 100 cm2 cells. These values represent 2% – 3% absolute percentage improvement in efficiency over today’s industrial screenprinted cells. The simplicity and industrial compatibility of the present proposal will bring down the cost to < 1 XEU/Wp.
16227	FMBI972642	nan	Probing the nature of heterogeneous electron-transfer at the sensitisercolloidal semiconductor interface in tio2 based photoelectrochemical cells					1998-05-14	2000-05-13		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-TMR	0301;TC02	Research objectives and content It is now possible to fabricate electrochemical photovoltaic devices based upon dye sensitised nanocrystalline titanium dioxide films. These novel solar cells are already in industrial production, offering the potential for a five fold drop in production costs compared to conventional silicon PV cells. The function of these composite material devices is based upon an interfacial electron transfer reaction from an optically excited dye molecule into the titanium dioxide, thus sensitising this wide bandgap semiconductor to visible light. However, lack of scientific knowledge about the electronic properties of this interface is limiting further technological development. For example, up to a two fold increase in device efficiency could be achieved by the use of sensitiser dyes with increased long wavelength absorption, but extensive empirical trials have as yet failed to identify any suitable alternative dyes. We therefore propose to conduct a systematic study of the dye sensitisation process in these devices, in order to identify those characteristics of the dye / semiconductor interface which are essential for efficient device function, and leading to the development of higher efficiency electrochemical solar cells. The sensitisation reaction occurs on ultrafast timescales, and therefore a key component of this project will be the application of ultrafast spectroscopic techniques to the elucidation of this problem. Training content (objective, benefit and expected impact) acquiring a working knowledge of state-of-the-art ultrafast spectroscopy theoretical and experimental understanding of photoelectrochemistry development of independent research skills Links with industry / industrial relevance (22) Several European companies have expressed considerable interest in this kind of cells. In particular, this project will involve a collaboration with Johnson Matthey Ltd., U.K. concerning the development of phtalocyanines as sensisting dyes.
16236	BU./00194/95	nan	A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO SAVE ENERGY IN SWIMMING POOLS					1996-01-01	1999-03-31		FP4	€ 558,195.00	€ 223,278.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	10.1	Save 60% of primary energy through careful combination of conventional and innovative technologies, including integrated solar preheating of ventilation air, CHP, innovative lighting, etc. The technologies committed have been carried out successfully. The innovative part of the project is: – Preheating of ventilation air with solar air collectors integrated in the building structure; – Heat recovery with a cross-flow heat exchanger for the basic load in the swimming pools supplementing the air collector; – Filter system with low pressure drop and a high efficiency for the purification of pool water; – Lighting of the swimming pools (under water) with a light-guide system and high efficiency lamps (market introduction) – Joining and optimisation of innovative and standard energy saving technologies by an energy management system. This is a necessary part of the total system to reach the calculated savings; – Re-use of waste water from the swimming pools for flushing toilets and cleaning; – Heat recovery from waste water; – Reduction of the pressure drop in piping and fixtures; – Closing of the water slide after closing hours; – Electronic regulation of fans instead of re-circulation of ventilation air; – Controlling of the air volume for ventilation depending on the chlorine content; – Co-generation of heat and power for the full heating load by using the heat storage capacity of the pools and supplying the public grid with the superfluous electricity.
16240	JOR3980244	nan	Modular stand-alone PV plants for decentralised electrification					1998-08-01	2002-01-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Objectives of the project The main objective of the project is to promote the modular PV systems technology for small stand-alone applications, thus essentially supporting the goal of a decentralised electrification with photovoltaics. The technologies to be developed embrace system design techniques for AC coupled power components as well as operational control and monitoring for fast-controllable, inverter-based PV stand-alone systems which can cope with the dynamic requirements of electrical loads without using rotating transient storage units. Therefore, these systems mainly configured with static inverters are very well suited for supplying isolated consumers such as homes, farms and other decentralised establishments. Both single and three phase technologies will be examined. Technical approach The technical approach includes the following steps: – Development of design rules for standardised stand-alone PV systems focusing on series production and minimisation of expenditure for design, installation and maintenance – Development of operational control and communication techniques for PV inverter-dominated stand-alone systems using signal buses and other effective communication systems – Verification of the technology by proving the functionality in existing experimentation plants – Set-up and operation of two on-site pre-industrial pilot PV plants in single and three phase technology. Expected achievements and exploitation Due to their modular features, the same component types could be principally used for broad power and energy ranges, thus covering the total application spectrum for decentralised electrification with photovoltaics world-wide. Therefore, large-scale applicability is guaranteed. These first on-site pilot PV plants will be the base for series production of power and control components. Furthermore, essential cost-reduction is expected after the establishment of series production.
16244	SE./00014/97	nan	IMPACT PROJECT FOR A NEW GENERATION OF PV GRID CONNECTED SYSTEMS (GP CAMPAIGN CYRUS) WITH ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES AND MARKET					1997-07-01	nan		FP4	€ 1,644,789.00	€ 657,916.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	With the realization of our IMPACT project we want to demonstrate that is possible to go one large step ahead in view of low-cost & high quality grid-connected photovoltaic systems. We want to demonstrate our advanced technology and installation techniques in Germany and France. We will reach our global with our overall technical concept, with the advanced market strategy and with our proposed project management & the service structure of the project. SET, selected electronic technologies GmbH Wedel (Germany) has developed a new concept for the realization of 100 grid-connected photovoltaic systems of each 2.04 kWp in Germany and France. In total we will install 204 kW in an installation-period of about 16 months. All the systems will be spread over Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg and 5 areas of France. The main advantages of our proposal will be find in the overall technical and organizational concept. From the technical point of view we intend to optimize the BOS components and the installation technologies & techniques, whereas we are applying standard module technologies. A price advantage will also result from the standardisation and from a strong purchasing strategy for a minimum of 100 systems. Our proposal is to use a kind of rapid fastening technique, which allows to install the modules in only a part of the time which must be spend normally. With this technique the modules have to be engaged and locked only in the substructure which has been specially designed for this purpose. In the same simple way the module cables will be interconnected with water- and environmental proved heavy duty plug connectors. Furthermore we are going to use special fittings which are connectable to the tiles. In the final approach they will be an integral part of the tiles. The group box, necessary to decouple and interconnect the module strings will be realized on the basis of a printed circiut board with an Integrated Diagnostic System (IDS) to allow the clients to check the solar generator personally in a comfortable way from time to time. Within the project we will use the already existing network of solar installers in Germany for the installation purposes, we will train them and establish a service staff organisation Information wil be given within the project to the intersted people via the ‘Internet’.
16262	SE./00122/97	nan	50 KWP GRID CONNECTED IN A WIND FARM IN NAVARRA, SPAIN					nan	nan		FP4	€ 405,966.00	€ 162,387.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	1. To serve as a pioneering experiment for an electric generating company which, by contrast to other existing electric companies, bases all its electric production on renewable energy sources. This company is working at present with mini-hydraulic and eolic systems and is planning, in the near future, to expand to use PV and biomass. Future investment plans of EHN to expand their 3 existing wind farms to 20 by the year 2010 will depend directly on the experience of the present project. We therefore stand to achieve the direct involvement of an electric company with an interest in promoting PV energy. (EHN is the proposer of the project and will become proprietor of the installations made. IBERDROLA is an associate member of ENH). We also stand to achieve the indirect involvement of the local Autonomous Government of Navarra. 2. To demonstrate the perfect technical as well as esthetic symbiosis of a grid conneted PV system to a wind farm, and the possible standardisation resulting from the diffusion and viability of this project, be it in the interest of the public sector or that of potential investors (mainly electric companies), as well as to take advantage of the current expansion and growth in eolic energy that is taking place in the EU and especially in Navarra where objectives for the year 2010 aim for deriving 40% of energy needs from eolic energy. The two PV installations, Tafalla with 21,6 kWp and Gerinda with 28,8 kWp, generate an amount of energy of 65,9 MWh/y, that becomes to 56 MWh/Y supplied to grid. 1. Innovative of the project are : – to achieve a ‘Standardisation of grid-connected stations in the telecontrol installations of windfarms’, for better diffusion of both technologies promoting the perfect harmonisation of both in the environment and recognising the perfect technical comptability of both. – to acquire the total involvement of an electric company in a renewable energy project, and to create a precedent of reference for similar future projects. 2. Context in which the technology is operating : The project is formed by two PV systems installed in two buildings. One of them, in Tafalla, is a solar array of 21,6 kWp integrated into a unique building of bioclimatic design, where the telecontrol of all EHN’s production activity (Wind, hydraulic, solar, etc.) is carried out. This building also houses the logistic centre of the installations of EHN as well as general warehouse of equipment, offices, and the department of new energy. It has been designed combining the use passive, PV and thermal solar energy, and following the optimal orientation and tilt for irradiation. The energy production given to grid is about 23,9 MWh per year. The other one, in Leoz Eolic Plant called Gerinda, has 28,8 kWp and has been built integrated into the sub-station of the wind farm. It also has an original design for the use of solar energy, following the best orientation and tilt for the modules. The energy to grid, thanks to this PV system, is estimated in 32,1 MWh per year. A grid connected photovoltaic system basically consists of PV modules and an inverter and various protective equipment. No accumulation is involved and for this reason no storage device is needed. This makes the system simpler, more reliable and cheaper. The solar array will consist of 90 Wp Saturno model panels, manufactured and supplied by BP Solar. The inverters will have a maximum power tracking system as well as a data acquisition system. The inverter then transforms the electricity into an AC. 3. Economic aspects: The minimum monetary value of the energy produced, that will be distributed through the utility grid and sold to the users is 12 PTA/kWh, this would mean: 12PTA/kWh x 65.889 kWh/y = 790.668 PTA/y The value of the real energy to grid is: 12 PTA/kWh x 56.005 = 672.060 PTA/y
16263	JOR3980229	nan	Solar-thermally driven desalination system with corrosion free collectors and 24-hours-per-day storage					1998-07-01	2001-06-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3010103	OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT 1. To design, set up, operate, evaluate and finally assess a solar thermally driven distillation system that works at 80 C. In the project a pilot system will be operated that has a capacity of 30 litres per hour. The system will be driven by thermal solar energy. 2. To develop, design, construct and operate corrosion-free solar collectors that are suitable and appropriate for the distillation system. 3. To develop and optimize a strategy for operating the solar driven systems for 24 hours-per-day by including a thermal heat storage into the system. The aim is to increase the daily distilled water production from about 150 (without storage) to 600 litres per day. 4. To gather operation experiences and to fully assess the performance and cost results (ECU/m3 potable water) of this system. Additionally, a study will be elaborated to estimate application potentials and water production costs for the case that the distillation unit is driven by diesel waste heat instead of solar collectors. Finally the aim is to evaluate the possibilities for; the application and dissemination a these systems, especially in the Mediterranean countries. TECHNICAL APPROACH The general technical approach to achieve the project goals is based on experimental investigations and developments. The necessary different tasks of the project will be conducted by partners that are specialists in their field of work. This concerns the development of the collector (ISE), the development of the operation strategy (ZAE), the installation and monitoring of the pilot system (CIEA and OS) and the investigations on the water treatment USE). The full technical and economic assessment of the complete desalination system with special concern of the Mediterranean application potential will be carried out by all partners, including AUA. A dissemination workshop will be conducted within the project. EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENT – A technical achievement will be that a collector will developed with a non-corrosive absorber that is suitable to be operated with sea water at temperatures of 80 C and that is adopted to be used with the distillation unit. – An operating strategy will be developed to run the desalination system with a heat storage tank on a continuous 24-hours-per-day basis. The target is to reach a production rate of 600 liters per day. – A pilot system will be set up at the test site ‘Pozo Izquierdo’ in Gran Canaria, Spain. The newly developed collector with non-corrosive absorber and the new operating strategy with storage tank will be applied he pilot system is operated and monitored for a full year The achievement will be that a sound bask of data and operating experience exits for a technical evaluation. – During the monitored operation of the system investigations on the necessary installations for the sea water pre-treatment and the treatment of the distilled water to reach drinking water quality will be conducted. The achievement is that not only the technical assessment of the desalination system but also a full economic assessment is possible. – The final target of the project is a full technical and economic assessment of the desalination system. The aim is to achieve distilled water costs of 25 ECU/m3 for a system that uses the components and the operating strategy developed in the project.
16320	SE./00027/95	nan	NATURAL PARK POMARANCE					1996-12-01	1999-05-31		FP4	€ 224,000.00	€ 89,600.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	The aim of the project is the installation of an hybrid PV-diesel power system rated 14 kWp for a building located in a natural park of Monterufoli near Pomarance. The system will supply the building itself and a network of individual monitoring systems located in the natural park in order to make the acquisition of meteo and environment data. The innovation lies in the intelligent controller for the hybrid system (fuzzy logic management). Site : country house (headquarters of the Natural Park of Monterufoli, 43 rooms, garden, facade), 600 m above sea level. The rack for the pv generator is installed at 260 m of distance from the house. Twenty small Systems : 110 Wp with Siemens M110 12 V module, sealed 12V 336 Wh NiCd battery storage and innovative voltage regulator (battery charge control based on voltage derivative) for environmental data acquisition units designed by SEI with 7 analog and 8 digital inputs (sensors not included in this project) and radiotransmission of data to the control centre in Pomarance (first such environmental monitoring network in Italy). One big System : Main system, photovoltaic/diesel hybrid system : PV generator: 12 kWp, 108 = 27 strings of 4 serial modules of type Siemens M110 12 V, designed to supply > 80% of the energy, installed at 260 m of distance from the house on steel mounting structure. Storage battery : Fiamm lead acid tubular plate battery SMBF/12, 120V, 1200 Ah, 168 kWh,with 10 years lifetime forecast. Inverters : monophase 50 Hz PWM IGBT, 2 kW (89.3%eff at Pmax, doubled with no-break layout) for lighting, 1 kW (87.3%eff at Pmax) for tap water pump, 1 kW (87.3%eff at Pmax) for service water pump, 3 kW (87.4%eff at Pmax, with high surge current) for electric appliances, developed by SEI. Diesel generator : Palmieri, air cooled monophase 8kWp, designed to supply < 20% of the energy, with 20001 fuel tank, 70 m away from building in a box. Electric loads: lighting (2 kW, 12 kWh/d), electric appliances (3 kW, 15 kWh/d), and water pumps (2 kW, 10 kWh/d: tap water from spring at 100 m head and service water from well nearby). Control : Puzzy control circuit for storage, load, and backup generator management. This system is complemented with a solar water heating system not included in this project. Monitoring : Personal computer and 6B Analog Devices acquisition units recording hourly averages, watchdog circuit, pyranometer. Installation : to be completed by May 1997.
16362	JOR3960046	nan	Construction and Testing of a pilot 1 MW solar thermal power station using an innovative heat exchanger concept					1996-04-01	1999-03-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	308	Objectives The objective of the project is to build a prototype solar thermal power plant based on a fixed primary mirror. The prime mover will be a gas turbine. The advantages of the fixed mirror arrangement are that reflector costs can be reduced significantly. The solar receiver can be located on a tracking arm which is always positioned in the direction of the reflected solar radiation. Alternatively a secondary mirror can be located on the arm and used to reflect to a point focus. Technical Approach The present generation of high temperature solar thermal electricity systems all use tracking mirrors and fixed receivers. Mirror accuracy is important in order to achieve high concentration coefficients, and the costs of tracking mirrors is relatively high. For example heliostats for central receiver systems presently cost $250/m2. By fixing the primary mirror, costs can be reduced significantly. The fixed mirror hemispherical bowl system is a known concept that has been discarded by past researchers because of its poor optics – concentration coefficients at the focal line are quite low, limiting its use for power generation. In the proposed concept higher concentrations are possible using a geometry for the main solar/air heat exchanger in which the solar radiation is always incident normally. Alternatively a secondary mirror can be used to re-direct all rays to a point focus. This idea overcomes the problems of former hemispherical systems whilst keeping the cost benefits of a fixed mirror. By using a gas turbine as the prime mover, costs can be reduced. Maintenance costs will also be lower than for other systems and there is no need for cooling water. Gas turbine technology is advancing dramatically, particularly at the lower power range. Solar thermal technologies are in a position to capitalise on this work. Expected Achievements and Exploitation The prototype will produce an output of 1 MWe at a peak efficiency of 22%. Solargen Europe will continue operations to maintain R&D on an ongoing continuous basis and also to exploit the technology with a full marketing staff in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. The Joule team will continue to work together to develop the concept further. In Crete, SDO aims are to develop the local economy by encouraging self sufficiency in energy supply, the rational use of energy and using energy technologies that make use of local labour. Although the Public Power Company in Crete has installed capacity of 400MW, the utility has difficulty meeting increasing peak load demand during the middle of the day. The Solargen Project will demonstrate, by connection to the Greek national grid, the potential contribution of this technology on an industrial scale to counter this problem of supply and demand in Crete and as an example for other countries.
16367	SE./00207/95	EURALP	HIGHLY RELIABLE PV APPLICATIONS IN REGIONS OF THE EUROPEAN ALPS					1996-04-01	1999-06-30		FP4	€ 1,040,000.00	€ 416,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	In the frame of this proposal we intend to demonstrate high reliable PV applications in regions of the European Alps (EURALP) with the help of advanced tele-monitoring and control systems. The project consist of 22 subprojects in the range of 1-5 kWp located in mountain regions all over Europe. Involved will be the German Alpine Club (DAV), Serveis Energetics Basic Autonoms (SEBA) from Spain and the Austrian Alpine Club (OEAV). All the proposed systems are stand alone energy supplies for existing mountain lodges in very remote areas. The objects are of great touristic interest and visited by thousands of people each year. Main objective will be the reduction of pollution and noise in natural reserve areas as well as the avoidance of net-CO2 emission. Some of the existing diesel generator sets will be replaced within this project by rape-oil generator sets. The high reliability will be reached by the application at advanced telemonitoring control systems. Within the EURALP project we intend to demonstrate advanced and high reliable PV systems in regions of the European Alps, were many lightning strikes caused failure or even destroyed the main electronic parts of the systems. This will be reached by implementing an intelligent tele-monitoring system combined with an innovative lightning detection and warning system which is already working in Austria. Since the 22 subprojects are different in their sizes, their power requirements and their natural resources it is impossible to design a standard hybrid system. For that reason it is planned to install at all sites the same advanced energy management system in combination with the monitoring equipment. The total installed PV peak power will be 65 kW. This allows to implement the same control strategy of priority dependent utilization of the power at all subprojects and will lead to a drastical reduction of load peaks, i.e. a high quality energy supply to the consumers. The data acquisition system and the possibility of working with a modem will facilitate, to a large extend, the maintenance and repair time in case of any failure and greatly improve the reliability of the photovoltaic system.
16400	SE./00226/95	nan	AC MODULE PV SYSTEMS					1995-11-01	1999-05-31		FP4	€ 288,000.00	€ 115,200.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	To demonstrate the advantage of using AC modules in grid connected systems. 4 systems will be installed with a total capacity of 18 kW. The innovation relies in the minimization of costs using AC modules, an optimized mounting and module interconnection, improved safety, and the demonstration of an advanced zero energy dwelling concept. The installation in Italy will be in an ENEL building and in Portugal in a Technological park and in the Netherlands will be in an Ecofys building and in a REMU (utility company) building. Four grid connected systems using AC PV modules. Installation shall be completed by December 1996, with a two year monitoring phase starting in July 1997. An estimated electricity production of 18400 kWh/year is expected. Subsystems : 1.) ENEL office building (Italy) 5 kWp, 2.) Tagus science & technology park (Portugal) 5 kWp, 3.) REMU House (Netherlands) 12 kWp, 4.) Ecofys office buiding (Netherlands) 1 kWp Power susbsystems : 1.) 5 kWp, 2.) 5 kWp, 3.) 12 kWp, 4.) 1 kWp Total power : 23.3 kWp Nr. of modules : 1.) 50, 2.) 50, 3.) 120, 4.) 10 Module description : 72 cells, inverter attached to backside (by R&S) Connection : directly to public grid Support : optimized mounting structures Inverter : integral part of AC PV module (by Mastervolt) Inv. in (V) : Inv. out (V) : 220 V Inv. power (kW) : 0.1 kW Load description : grid connection Monitoring :
16401	SE./00004/95	nan	PHOTOVOLTAÏC SOUND-BARRIER, ALONG MOTOR WAY, NORTH OF FRANCE 70 WP					1995-12-01	1999-04-30		FP4	€ 676,014.00	€ 270,406.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	To install a 70 kWp grid-connected PV system (220 V/380 V) integrated in a sound barrier in Lille, which feeds energy into a local school grid. The aims are: to try to decrease the costs associated with sound barriers and PV integration, to demonstrate the use of locally manufactured amorphous silicon modules (25% of the power installed) in a power generating system, to validate a new generation of inverters with an optimized sizing, and to demonstrate a simplified grid connection method. The proposers plan to standarize a PV wall with the environmental advantage of reducing noise pollution. The expected results are : – validation and standardisation of PV sound-barrier thanks to this experience – decrease of the material costs (less cable, no connection box) – easy dissemination, thanks to the site, high way and technical school. Innovative technology : Technical : – association of two technologies (sound-barrier and PV production) – association of two technology-moduls (25% amorphe silicium and 75% monocristalin silicium) – a new generation inverters with more security system, simplified connection method, outdoor standing compatibility, improvement of sizing flexibility thanks to the low unit power rate, data acquisition through the local grid or modem. Economical : decrease of the cost of material.
16419	TE./00275/97	nan	INTEGRATION OF SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY IN A CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANT [PART 2]					nan	nan		FP4	€ 3,000,000.00	€ 1,200,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.2	Retrofit an existing 65MWe fuel oil plant with a 23MWe gas turbine and a solar boiler consisting of 32509m? heliostat field and a central receiver of 23 MWt generating 315?C/115bar saturated steam. The conventional system has already (1996) been changed from fuel-oil to a very efficient combined cycle with natural gas. With a 2.4% solar share in annual electricity production, expected fuel savings of 14% and reduction of CO2 emissions by 28% or 7130t. Aims to demonstrate viability of hybrid plant concept and create favourable conditions for future large-scale market introduction. First commercial applic. in the world.
16435	TE./00111/96	nan	INTEGRATION OF A SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY IN A CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANT [PART 1]					1996-11-01	1997-12-31		FP4	€ 3,222,500.00	€ 1,289,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.2	– Demonstrate the viability of solar energy integration in a conventional power plant, as a basis for the commercial exploitation of a hybrid solar energy-fossil fuel plant and evaluate this benefits. – Analyse the operation of a Solar Central receiver System that will enable developing this technology for future applications under more demanding conditions. – Reduce pollutants emissions in electric energy production. – Obtain a hybrid plant design that could be applicable to thermal power plants. – Commercially develop this type of plants for future applications with increased efficiency and significantly reduced costs. Design phase has obtained the next results (main chosen equipment are new) : – The plant is based on the construction of a small combined cycle (70.4 MW) so that admit saturated steam of solar origin. – The solar energy collector (21 MWt) and conversion system is formed by a Heliostat Field, a Central Solar Receiver, and its corresponding Tower. – Water from the power plant’s heat recovery boiler is sent to the Central Receiver. Saturated steam is generated in the Receiver, and injected in the heat recovery boiler. – The gas turbine has a power of 42.7 MW and the steam turbine of 28.4 MW with sun and 20 MW without sun. The power plant net efficiency is 54% without sun and 61.3% with sun. – The Heliostat Field is North-oriented and composed of 489 heliostats of 70 m² reflective surface each. The plant proposed is based on the construction of a small combined cycle (70.4 MW) so that admit saturated steam of solar origin. The Project is located in the Power Plant of Cristobal Colon, on Huelva, Spain. The solar energy collector (21 MW) and conversion system is formed by a Heliostat Field, a Central Solar Receiver, and its corresponding Tower. – Water from the power plant’s heat recovery boiler is sent to the Central Receiver. Saturated steam is generated in the Receiver, and injected in the heat recovery boiler. The gas turbine has a power of 42.7 MW and the steam turbine of 28.4 MW with sun and 20 MW without sun. The power plant net efficiency is 54% without sun and 61.3% with sun. This allows using a proven, relatively undemanding technology in the Central Receiver, which reduces costs and increases the reliability of the plant. The Heliostat field is North-oriented and composed of 489 heliostats of 70 m² reflective surface each. Contrary to traditional tendencies, in this plant the energy contribution of the solar receiver is not sought at the highest possible temperature compatible with the optical quality and the technological limitations of the material, rather this solar contribution is intentionally made at to relatively low temperature (the evaporation zone of the Rankine cycle) to relax the technological conditions of operation of the solar system, thus increasing its reliability and reducing its cost. That is, this proposed design chooses to forfeit an appreciable fraction of the solar radiation energy to obtain to reliable, cheaper system which saves primary fossil-fuel energy.
16443	SE./00235/97	nan	HAMPTON PHOTOVOLTAIC HERITAGE CENTRE					nan	nan		FP4	€ 234,420.00	€ 93,768.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	The aim is to design, construct and install a fully integrated PV facade on a structure which will be used as an Heritage Centre. The building will be designed with the PV component borne in mind throughout, from conception to realisation. The building with its PV facade will provide the user with an easily operated, serviceable building to the specifications they demand. The building will make a rational use of energy and the PV aspect will compliment a range of other energy efficient measures and features. This project will see the construction of a high profile, architecturally driven Heritage Centre with a fully integrated PV facade. The 17 m high, glazed pyramid structure will be built in Europe’s largest privately funded new town development of Hampton, to the south of the city of Peterborough, England. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY : Using a double skinned shell on the south face of the building and the heat available from the back of the laminates, a passive stack ventilation system will be used; This will reduce electrical loads for ventilation fans, limit cooling requirements in summer and provide some additional warmed air for space heating in winter. As the building will be designed with the PV as an integral feature the structure and its ancillary services such as lighting, heating and ventilation will be optimised for energy efficiency to take the best advantages of the clean electricity generated. Lighting of the building will come from diffuse daylight through glazing in the East, North and West faces of the structure. The power generated by the facade will approximatively equal the total annual energy load of the building. CONTEXT : The 180 m? of roof area on the south face of the building will generate, using 238 of BP Solar’s high efficiency BP585 laminates, 20.2KWp. This will be connected through a Siemens inverter to the local distribution system at 415V three phase in compliance with local regulations. From the geometry of the building the PV facade will be inclined at a close to optimum angle of 60?. The cladding system used for the Heritage Centre’s PV facade will be of a widely available, non specialised design – the idea being to demonstrate the use of PV as a building material which introduces no new technical risks to a project. The system will incorporate an universal curtain wall cladding system which will act as the weatherproofing and insulation for the building as well as carrying the PV laminates.
16456	JOR3980305	ADBATSOL	Test and Optimization of Advanced Batteries for photovoltaic Applications and Development of Battery management Systems for these Batteries					1998-06-01	2001-05-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020104	PROJECT OBJECTIVES In case of small PV systems with high stand-by reliability and low cycling demands to the storage system, i.e. emergency call box or environmental measuring systems, lithium-metal batteries seem to be very good candidates as storage batteries and significant advantages in comparison to lead acid batteries are existing. However, this type of rechargeable battery is in an early state of development and there are some parameters that should be optimized for photovoltaic applications. Additionally the batterThe wide operation temperature range of the lithium-metal batteries and the high energy density are other important features for outdoor and portable applications. So the idea of integrating the battery and the BMS at the backside if a PV module will give the opportunity to reduce installation costs and stimulate the development of new applications. TECHNICAL APPROACH Within this project the state of the art lithium-metal cells will be tested. Parameter tests and solar cycling tests will be carried out with single cells. The results will be used for the development of optimized small lithium-metal cells (AA size) for photovoltaic use. The specific energy, the cycle life, the self-discharge, and the shelf life are the key parameters to be improved. Additionally a low cost battery management system for this cells will be developed. The development will be attended by numerical simulation. The improved lithium-metal cell and the developed battery management system will be integrated at the backside of a photovoltaic module. Special consideration will be taken at the thermal behaviour of the battery. The developed system will be tested by field tests. EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS At the end of the project a lithium-metal cell with the following features will be available: Size: AA Nominal voltage: 3V Energy density: 375 Wh/l, 175Wh/Kg Shelf life: 2 years Operation temperature: -30 C to \ 50 C Charging time: n 10h Volume: 8 ml Weight: 17 gram
16471	SE./00377/95	nan	PLATTENBAUTEN ENGINEERING, REDESIGN AND SOLAR ENERGY UPGRATING SYSTEM					1995-01-01	1996-10-08		FP4	€ 1,160,884.00	€ 464,354.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	Two old ‘plattenbauten’ (multi-storey apartment) buildings will be redeveloped and fitted with PV generators. Flagsol PV modules, with PV cells by Eurosolare in Italy, will be integrated vertically into the South facing balconies and into the tilted roofs. The total installed PV power for the project will be 104.5 kWp. The project will employ new module integrated inverters, of 600 W, which have recently been developed in collaboration with the JRC Ispra. The project is designed to demonstrate and promote use of PV generators in the plattenbauten buildings in Eastern Europe.
16472	SE./00190/97	PHEBUS 97	151 SMALL GRID CONNECTED PV STATIONS					nan	nan		FP4	€ 1,551,390.00	€ 620,556.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	Through the realization of 151 small grid-connected PV stations in France for a total power of 200 kWp (from 0.5 up to 10 KWp range), the aims of the project are : – to pursue the significant fall of cost already obtained with previous projects by standardisation & simplification of erection for this category of equipments. – to diffuse knowledge about grid-connected PV technology & energy savings to private persons, professionals and local collectivities. – to prepare the impending development of this application from expected national & communitary programs. 1. Innovative technology : The innovative part of the project lies in : – technological improvements of grid-connected inverters – better adjustement between the power of PV field & the capacity of inverters – specific disposals making connection more simple & more sure (pre-writing & unfaultable connectors) 2. The context in which the technology is operating : The PV stations will be installed either on private homes, professionnal buildings or public edifices, located either in centre of big towns or in remote areas, but which are all grid-connected electricity consumers. More than producing units, PHEBUS solar roofs may be considered as demand side management tools, not only because they reduce the need of centralized production, but also because they automatically involve a search for maximum energy savings. 3. Economic aspects of the technology : PV energy is clear and without waste for the environment, but it’s more expensive than conventional production. Grid-connection allows to divide production cost per KWH by three compared with remote stations including battery storage. Without financial cost (on 30 years), the cost of PV kWH amounts to 2.00 FF compared with a conventional cost of 0.90 FF, but considering the 80% ratio of nuclear power in France, this does not include external costs such as long term management of nuclear wastes, nor other undirect costs such as insurance fees, R&D,etc. 4. Monitoring : All the stations will be monitored with a monthly manual counter reading, but the 10 biggest & most significant ones will be equipped with an automatic analytic monitoring.
16475	JOR3980261	LOTS-DSC	Long Term Stability of Dye sensitized Solar Cells for large area power applications					1998-07-01	2001-06-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020101	Objectives of the Project To be able to commercialise the Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSC) technology for large area power applications it needs to be clear what module life-times and efficiencies can be obtained. Therefore, there are two main objectives to this project: – To demonstrate that a 10 year outdoor module life-time is feasible. – To demonstrate that a module efficiency of 10% is theoretically feasible. Technical Approach The approach for the stability part is to start with simple, individually available stability tests of state-of-the-art devices. During the project new test procedures will be developed, especially suitable for DSC’s, based on accelerated solar aging, transient response, thermal cycling and hot-spot illumination. The effect of the state-of-the-art cell components, component interactions and fabrication procedures on the stability will be visualised by extended characterisation (chemical, spectroscopic, electrochemical and solar cell characterisation methods). Improved components and fabrication methods will be developed and tested for stability. This will be implemented into devices, whose stability will be compared with earlier results. The approach for efficiency part is to reproduce literature laboratory efficiencies up to 10% for small area single-cell devices. Based on theory and experimental results, including advanced characterisation of devices and components a model will be developed to separate the various contributions of the cell components to the output characteristics. Experiments and model will result in knowledge about the maximum obtainable laboratory single cell efficiency. Combined with data on module design and module components a realistic estimation of theoretically feasible module efficiencies can be given. Expected Achievements At the end of the project, the expected achievements related to stability are: – DSC appropriate accelerated testing procedures are worked out. – The feasibility of a life time of over 10 years is demonstrated. – The components and processes to obtain stable devices are known. At the end At the end of the project, the expected achievements related to efficiency are: – A laboratory device (single cell) with an efficiency of 10% on an area of 1 cm2. – A computer model describing the contributions of the various cell components to the electrical behaviour. – Knowledge about the maximum obtainable laboratory and module efficiencies.
16478	SE./00184/97	OURIQUE	OTIMISED USE OF RURAL ELECTRIFICATION BASED ON PHOTOVOLTAICS					nan	nan		FP4	€ 560,000.00	€ 224,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	This project is an integrated project with three components : energy production using solar photovoltaics (PV) systems, energy production using wind technology and distribution through a consumer interactive grip applying demand-side management concepts, with similar quality to conventional grid. The wind Generator is part of another Thermie project co-ordinated by Vergnet, having CCE, EDP and Ourique municipality as partners. The distribution grid will be financed by the partners and national funds. Within this contract, the Thermie programme will only support the PV component. The overall-project aims to : Provide with electric energy supplied by these units will be used for domestic purposes, irrigation of the 50ha of surrounding area and public lighting. Also 20 abandonned dwellings could be supplied with energy and used for tourism purposes, as is intended by the municipality. Santana da Serra is the most southern Parish of the council of Ourique-Alentejo, and it borders the municipality of Silves, in the region of Algarve. It is composed by several isolated settlements with an elderly population. Many settlements in the distant farms are deprived of electricity. These settelments have a 6 km distances from the nearest electrified area. The solar energy available for Faro (50 km distance) is 5.1 kWh/m?*Y on horizontal plane. The economic activity of the people living in these settlements is almost exclusively conneted with the agriculture for their personal use and the breading of domestic animals. The lack of electric energy has consequently the lack of water and an increase of the difficulties, and therefore the abandonment of the local settlements. With the arrival of the electric energy there will be changes, such as : – drinking water supplying for people and animals – water supplying for agriculture, which will improve and may give people the possibility to grow medicinal plants and flowers from the region – public lighting – 50 ha of neighbourly areas irrigation – better salubriouness conditions for the inhabitants – decrease of the social isolation of the people due to the most frequent visits to the sites of relatives friends. This is possible due to better salubrity conditions and easy access to media – possibility to occupy the inhabited houses (about 20) for the settlement of new families and also for rural tourism purposes, which is already used in neighbourly regions. An important aspect of this project is the direct involvement of the Local Authorities and local electric utility. The social aspect is also important since it concerns citizens involved.The project also includes the innovative solutions for the Photovoltaics and Renewable Energies, including the Demand Side Management (DSM) concept and the integrated planning of the available local resources.
16479	JOR3980304	nan	CIS thin film solar cells on flexible substrates					1998-07-01	2001-06-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020103	The projects aims at the realization of flexible solar modules based on the CIS (CuInSe2) -technology which is the most promising in the area of thinfilm solar modules. Flexible solar cells are envisaged from two reasons: – low-cost fabrication due to lower material need and high-speed in-lineprocessing, – the properties flexibility and light-weight will open a wide scope ofapplications which are today unaccessible with rigid solar modules(indoor and out-door, automotive and space applications). The approach of the project is to choose appropriate flexible and low-cost substrate materials, e.g. steel or aluminum foils, adapt all the module manufacturing processes to the demands of the substrate, which means to develop alternative process sequences, to optimize deposition and treatment parameters and to introduce new encapsulation technologies. The project also includes the use of polymer films as substrates which requires intensive modifications of the CIS deposition process since this normally requires temperatures outside the stability range of most polymers. A stable manufacturing process for reliable, high-efficency (up to 14%), high stability solar modules using the CIS technology developed by the partners in the proposal and modified for the flexible substrates will be the result of the project. The flexible substrates will allow to realize a roll-to-roll manufacturing process with the advantage of high through-put and low costs. All process steps will be analyzed with respect to their suitability for such a type of manufacturing and a concept of a roll-to-roll manufacturing equipment will be designed. A manufacturing cost estimate will show, whether the costs can be driven below the figures given in the APAS MUSIC-FM study (concerning high-volume fabrication of solar modules).
16480	JOR3980243	nan	Applied global simulation of renewable energies on internet: removing barriers to re by embedding powerful software into a social context					1998-05-01	2000-04-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3010101	AVALANCHE uses a completely new approach: a powerful information and educational tool embedded into regional society shall significantly help to enhance the integration of RE into society in a long term perspective. Research hints at A) the parallel development and implementation of (i) standards for individual RE-data presentation on Internet under participation of strategic data providers and (ii) a powerful searching tool i.e. an Internet Agent, forming a RE global distributed information system; B) the development and implementation of visualised online-simulation software providing always up-to-date energy output performance, economic efficiency calculations and environmental impacts for RE-technologies; C) a feasibility study for applying knowledge based systems to support the design and dimensioning of RE-systems for one strategic example of PV-Wind-Diesel Hybrid system to be used in rural areas; D) embedding the simulation programmeon RE into the regional society and ecosystem by analysing target groups, operators and multiplicators and then perform strategic project work and case studies in regional society. Target groups are RE data providers such as manufacturers of RE components (mainly SMEs) and international institutions with data pools on the ‘supply side’, and users such as engineers, architects, building companies, schools and universities on the ‘demand side’. RE addressed in this project include PV, solar thermal energy, wind energy, hydro power and biomass. Research approach for the software development will be based on a thorough review of existing tools which then will be further developed to match the present and future requirements of the project s target groups. Social studies will be based on literature research and empirical work. Partners include experts from each RE-technology addressed as well as for economic and environmental research. European countries with diverse climatic, social and legal conditions are represented in the consortium. Results of AVALANCHE are of strategic importance to the EU as to removing barriers to implementation of REs, supporting SMEs, and strengthen European industries by providing both powerful software tools and introducing them to the target groups.
16510	JOR3980247	nan	Grid control with renewable energy sources					1998-07-01	2000-12-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3040101	Objectives of the project The objective of the research project is to define, develop and demonstrate a system for the control and management of grids supplied by Renewable Energy Systems. The newly developed Grid Control Unit (GCU) will align the operational behaviour of renewable power plants, especially PV and WE-plants (single or as hybrid systems), with that of conventional power plants. The GCU will enable renewable power plants to participate actively in supporting the grid and improving the secured energy fed into the grid. The main components of the GCU are the data acquisition and monitoring subsystem, a superior control component and the power supply. An industrial personal computer system with additional plugin cards is foreseen as a technical solution for the GCU. Technical approach Prior to the development of a method for grid control and the design of a Grid Control Unit (GCU), it is essential to establish a quantitative view of the typical characteristics of weak grids and their impact on consumers. The scientific partners (Uni Kassel, ITER) will define the operating conditions of the grid control system, in co-operation with the participating utility companies (EAM, Unelco, EHN). Based on the defined operating conditions, and the set requirements of the grid control system, a detailed hard and software concept for the separate components of the GCU will be described. A variety of typical plant and grid configurations will be considered, by applying simulation models developed specifically for this purpose. Based on the hardware/software design, the construction of the devices, their realisation, assembly and the laboratory testing will be carried out by SMA in co-operation with the scientific partners. The GCU will be tested extensively in the laboratory under well defined conditions, so that the system components can be fine tuned and optimised. Three different locations have been selected for the practical testing and demonstration of the GCU, because of their different grid parameters (voltage, short circuit power, consumer load), plant configurations (PV/wind, PV/wind/hydroelectric and wind/combined heat and power stations etc.) and their different geographical and meteorological conditions (wind speed, solar irradiation). Prior to field testing and demonstration at the three locations, the GCU will be installed and adapted and modifications to grid and plant components will be made. These tasks will be performed by the involved utility companies. Expected achievements and exploitation The advantages of the project arise from the development of a Grid Control Unit (GCU) with improved power quality, especially in weak grids with large sources of renewable energy. An increase in the calculable/predictable amount of wind energy and improved economy can be expected. A stronger acceptance of wind energy in the changing structure of electrical power supply should also be experienced. SMA will use the results of the project directly for the manufacturing and distribution of the GCU. For the commercial exploitation of the GCU, the manufacturer will first utilise the already existing distribution channels and the partners involved in the project. The involved utility companies will be especially important in the promotion and dissemination of the newly developed GCU.
16533	JOR3980206	nan	Molecular plastic solar cells					1998-07-01	2000-12-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020101	1. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT 1. Demonstrating lab scale photovoltaic devices based on conjugated polymers in composite with acceptors with target power conversion efficiencies of 3%. 2. Investigating techniques for fabrication of large area (>0.1 m2) cells using polymer printing techniques. Determining the production cost per unit area for different techniques. 2. TECHNICAL APPROACH The Polymer/C60 photovoltaic devices demonstrated in the literature use materials which are not optimized at all. Due to the young age of this area of research there has not been any systematic approach to optimize the synthesis and choice of the semiconducting polymers to the solar energy conversion application. Neither there has been any systematic study of optimizing the device architecture (sandwich versus surface contacts, optimum device thickness, choice of metal electrodes, etc.), nor many different acceptor moieties has been tested for photovoltaic devices. The early success of these unoptimized devices encourages a strong improvement of efficiencies by a systematic optimization. Since the great advantage of polymer technology lies in large scale/low cost production schemes, techniques has to be developed and/or adapted to make test productions of large area plastic solar cell prototypes. Application areas of hither to unknown territory, such as photovoltaic windows has to be technically investigated. 3. EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS 1. Optimization of the synthesis and screening of the conjugated polymers towards solar energy conversion (photon harvesting) 2. Optimization of the open circuit voltage by choosing acceptors 3. Achievement of an homogenous, polymeric, photoactive thin films using innovative approaches (such as ‘molecular double cable approach’ as well as ‘two cable approach’) 4. Developing and adapting of know-how on polymer thin film technology for large scale/low cost production schemes of large area plastic solar cell. Prototype development.
16534	TE./00235/96	THESEUS	50 MWH THERMAL SOLAR EUROPEAN POWER STATION AT FRANGOKASTELLO [PART 1]					1997-01-01	2001-12-31		FP4	€ 2,700,000.00	€ 1,080,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.2	The aim of this project is the implementation of a first large-scale European parabolic trough power plant of 50 MWe nominal capacity to be designed, permitted and erected over a 4 years period. With this project it is intended to demonstrate the maturity of large-scale parabolic trough power plants under European energy-economic and operating conditions and to offer, underlined by its sheer unit size, a significant renewable technology able to respond to the Commission’s challenging climate policy targets for 2010. With its implementation it is also intended to qualify and strengthen European companies with expertise in the field of solar field component engineering and manufacturing, to revive and reorganise the industrial supplier’s network, and thus to set up an experienced, strong and devoted supply consortium which is able to respond to the customer’s needs for a reliable technology, secured spare part supply and adequate maintenance. The creation of such a European suppliers group also aims at being a qualified prime candidate for the supply for future solar thermal power plants of the parabolic trough type as they are envisaged through the World Bank’s Solar Initiative in various developing countries in the sunbelt of the world. The aim to successfully implement this very first European parabolic trough power plant of significant size will place European industry and research organizations into a prime position for similar power plant developments in the sunbelt. Through the collaboration of several utility companies it will be secured that the design of this first European solar thermal demonstration plant comforts the utilities’ needs and will be a show-case for subsequent project plans. Major accomplishments were: – Formed on 25 November 1998, the THESEUS S.A., a Greek private shareholding company established in Chania, Crete to lead the commercial development of the THESEUS project. – Submitted on 18 February, 1999 (subsequent to Phase 1) the application to obtain the Permit of installation from the Greek National Ministry of Development. This submission was by the Theseus S.A. and received the ministerial file number 2833/18-2-1999 (document available in Greek and English). – Completed the site, solar field and power plant conceptual engineering design and issued the Design Report. – Accelerated discussions with potential equity investors and project development participants concerning development funding and commercial issues. – Subsequent to the Phase 1 reporting period, on 29 January 1999, a project development contract was signed with the executing arm of a major German investment fund, the Solar Millenium Management GmbH, Erlangen. This uncludes the commitment of the fund to raise the majority of the equity of the THESEUS project. – Met with local politicians and land owners for updates on the new THESEUS project company, to solicit their continued support and guidance, and to make progress on negociations of land use rights. The proposed THESEUS project consists of a nominal 50 MWe net solar power plant with an advanced parabolic trough collector field as the primary heat source. The proposed site is on the southern coast of Crete. The power block is a conventional Rankine cycle reheat steam turbine with its associated balance of plant equipment. The solar field energy source is supplemented with an LPG-fired heater to supply steam during start up and conditions of low solar insolation. Full turbine output can be achieved in any of three modes of operation – solar only, heater only or the hybrid mode. The system will deliver 50 MWe net at full load based on the LS-3 parabolic troughs used at the 80 MWe SEGS plant in California but improved by a number of innovative features developed over the last few years. The supplementary heater will utilize LPG, which will be shipped to Crete and transported on the sea to the site. The site was selected based on solar power plant siting requirements, regional electric load demand requirements and acceptable proximity to water and electric transmission infrastructure. Plant cooling will be accomplished with sea water. Performance projections were carried out using the PILKSOLAR performance model, PERSOL, based on the selected configuration and estimated insolation data for the site. Cost and economic projections were based on the results of these steps and cost data from the California SEGS projects as well as more recent feasibility studies. The project cost is estimated at 2196 ECU/kW and the levelized electricity cost at 79.5 ECU/MWh. (All cost are based on the following exchange rates : 1 ECU = 1.95 DM, 1 USD = 1.8 DM). All aspects will be reviewed and refined in the phase 1 Design Work.
16583	BU./00165/97	nan	ZERO ENERGY OFFICES FOR UK LOCAL AUTHORITY HEADQUARTERS					1997-09-01	2002-09-30		FP4	€ 2,456,400.00	€ 982,560.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	10.1	To create a zero energy public building of 4115m² providing offices for local authority staff and regular potential for demonstrating viewing. To display a package of ventilation, daylighting and heat recovery technologies. To incorporate energy conservation measures related to the design of the building fabric, internal energy systems and control of loads. To reduce energy requirements to 25% of standard office developments. To meet energy requirements in an environmentally sympathetic and economic manner. To demonstrate a small grid-linked PV system. To demonstrate the energy design strategy approach to both the project and its outcomes. To take optimal advantage of the site. Selection and appointement of design team. Design development to pre-tender stage A new zero energy public building, providing offices for local authority staff and regular potential for demonstration viewing and public access; which displays a package of natural ventilation, daylighting and heat recovery and other RUE technologies. The new building will take optimal advantage of : the site, through microclimatic design-exploiting the waterside south face; minimised energy requirements; through energy conservation measures related to the design of the building fabric, internal energy systems and control of loads; and the potent value of wind, PV and water turbine facilities to minimise CO2 emissions in supplying the remaining electrical and thermal requirements of the building. It is projected that the annual energy consumption of the building will be approximately 180000KWH/Y of which 20% will be required each for lighting, fans, pumps, space heating, and both small power and domestic hot water. Energy elevation, overlooking the reservoir, is largely glazed so as to benefit from passive low-level winter gain, and maximise daylighting. This is further enhanced by a linear lightwell. Ventilating air is introduced via a raised ‘termodeck’ floor structure thereby controlling draughts and enabling the structure to be cooled. The walls will achieve high thermal mass around 0.18KW/m².
16586	JOR3980215	MORE	Components for modular renewable energy systems					1998-08-01	2001-07-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3010104	Objectives of the project The main objective of the project is to improve the flexibility and reliability of modularly structured hybrid supply systems, thus paving the way for standard design of hybrid systems. In this way the introduction of hybrid systems for remote areas in Europe and developing countries will be accelerated. Power supply systems for three-phase local-grid electrification for supplying power to different locally dispersed consumers within a restricted area will be investigated. The power range concerned stretches from a few kW up to several 10 kW, which represent an important application potential world-wide. Technical approach In order to create reliable power supply systems existing components will be improved and a suitable communication interface will be designed. The improvements concern: – power supply components (diesel, PV-inverter, battery inverter), – operational control schemes for grid formation and supervision focusing on energy management for grid optimisation and – communication techniques. Utility-grid compatible control schemes which make use of rotating machines in the system like diesel generator sets or rotating-mass storage units will be investigated. The project will focus on systems that contain PV, battery and diesel aggregates. For these systems an operational control and monitoring technology will be developed. In order to verify the results by testing the components in operation an AC-coupled modular RE system consisting of modular components will be set up and operated on the Greek Island Kythnos. Expected achievements and exploitation At the systems level these improvements are a step to create a family of modular, utility-grid compatible RE-components and systems. This will result in – simplified system design, – systems, consisting of components from different manufacturers – series production of components, – cost effectiveness of systems and – simplified maintenance of the power supply systems.
16656	JOR3950093	nan	Cost effective solar silicon technology					1996-01-01	1999-06-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Objectives The manufacturing companies who produce silicon wafers for PV use with ingot technologies, such as Directional Solidification (DS) and Czochralski (CZ) pulling, have a strong need for technical innovations with the aim to reduce manufacturing costs and to increase production volumes, yields, process stability and wafer quality for more efficient solar energy conversion. This project is a common research effort by the European industries and specifically refers to the introduction of new innovative technologies for realizing crystalline silicon substrates. Its aim is to decrease the present production cost of photovoltaic silicon wafers by approximately 45%. The consortium includes Bayer, Eurosolare and Siemens, who are the most important European industrial PV silicon material producers. Technical Approach Research approach and methodologies: 1. A more rational management of the raw material: Studies will be carried out to establish the effect of compensation on the conversion efficiency of solar cells manufactured on substrates originated from mixtures of p-type and n-type electron grade (EG) silicon scraps and recycled production silicon. 2. Crystal Growth: The current Si crystal growth procedures employ DS and CZ technologies. For DS technology the goal is to improve the duty of the furnace by introducing a new technology based on variable thermal insulation during the different steps of the thermal cycle. For CZ technology the goals are to increase the pulling rate by growing multi-grain crystalline structures (3-grain crystals) and to improve the material performance by heat treatments during and after the growth cycle. 3. Wafering technology: An automatic system for wafering, cleaning and collecting silicon wafers must be set up in order to produce thin (< 250 um) and large (> 225 cm2) wafers with a production yield > 95%. 4. Post-growth wafer treatments: These treatments are particu-larly suitable for multi-crystalline wafers. The goal is to recover wafers affected by impurity contamination by industrial POCl3 gettering and hydrogen passivation processes. Expected Achievements and Exploitation Reduction of the cost of active PV material will lead to a lower cost of the PV installed power. Partners involved in the fabrication of substrates will become more competitive. In particular this can be achieved by a wider use of existing silicon feedstock, improving the material quality by a better design and implementation of the crystal growth process and by introducing post-growth treatments, in analogy with the EG silicon process. Partners involved in solar cells and module fabrication will benefit from improved material performance and cost for final products. Crucible and equipment manufacturers will be able to supply higher quality products to the market. Results of the project are intended to be used at first between the partners and, subsequently, on the market.
16659	JOR3950041	nan	Processing of Meteosat data for the production of high quality daylight and solar radiation data available on a WWW Internet server					1996-01-01	1999-03-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	303	Objectives The objective of the project deals with the setting up of a WWW server in Lyon (France) providing solar radiation and daylight data on the ground every half an hour all over Western and Central Europe. Such data are needed by the building industry as well as the solar systems industry. The data base will cover two full years (1996/1997), but could be easily extended if new satellite files are added. The server will include various programmes allowing the determination of data in various forms: statistical, cumulative, etc. within any specified schedule. The major benefit will be the supply of solar data for areas of Europe far away from ground measuring stations. Technical Approach The major challenge is the calculation of data on the ground from measurements from the METEOSAT satellite. For this reason, the SATELLIGHT programme has been divided in two major phases: Phase 1: improvement of models to calculate irradiances, illuminances on the ground as well as luminance distribution on the sky vault from data derived from satellite measurements. The calculated data are compared with ground measurements taken every minute at various locations on the ground. Phase 2: development of a WWW server to provide solar radiation and daylighting data anywhere in Western and Central Europe. This means development of programmes and graphical routines. The storage of data will require more than 200 GB of memory. Expected Achievements and Exploitation There is a need today to gain rapid access to climatic data all over Europe, at any location. These data should not only be raw but processed in order to provide essential information for decision making. Furthermore daylight data are almost nonexistent (less than 15 measuring stations are operating), and measurements are not always performed continuously. The major achievement will be to provide data to anybody connected to the Internet anywhere in Europe: the user will click a location on a map or select a site from a list of cities. He will then conduct a request for calculations and receive the results (in text or graphical form) by electronic mail.
16668	JOR3950029	nan	Single cell module integrated converter system					1996-01-01	1998-09-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Objectives Grid connected Photovoltaic (PV) Systems offer a very promising technology for an environmentally acceptable way of electricity generation. Today, the most serious drawback is the high energy cost compared to conventional energy sources. Therefore, the overall objective of this project is a substantial decrease in manufacturing cost of grid connected PV-Systems. Technical Approach The approach is threefold: – the manufacturing process of PV-modules can be simplified and therefore become less expensive if the series connection of cells can be avoided; – the overall performance of a grid connected PV-system may be improved by introducing the concept of Module Integrated Inverters (AC-modules); – the cost can drastically be reduced if the ‘substrate’ for the cell is a conventional and already mass produced building element. The series connection of cells will be avoided by using thin film technologies, e. g. double or triple junction amorphous silicon, which allows deposition on large areas in a continuous process. Suitable technologies will be developed by NAPS France. These types of cells will produce very high currents (100 A) at very low voltages (1 V). Common inverter topologies are not suitable for these operation conditions. New concepts will be developed by ETH Zürich (CH) and Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Freiburg (D). Finally, the new approach has to be converted into a product which can be used for building integration, e. g. as cladding elements. This task will be tackled by Alusuisse and Enecolo (CH). Expected Achievements and Exploitation The goal is to reach a preliminary product, which can be brought to the production level within a short time period. Three companies are involved in the project, which will guarantee an industrial approach to the product development. The exploitation will follow directly after concluding this project and depend on the results of the present investigations. Manufacturing options are continuously monitored. Alusingen is producing thousand of square meters of Alucobond to be used in buildings. There is an active world-wide sales organisation. The same production and marketing set-up can be used for solar panels based on Alucobond, which fits best to the SCMIC idea.
16684	JOR3950048	nan	Absolute silicon primary irradiance reference					1996-01-01	1998-12-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Objectives This project proposes a new technology for primary standard cells. The goal is to demonstrate the practical accuracy and stability of this new primary standard and have it accepted by standard committees. The new procedure relies on the fabrication of cells whose internal quantum efficiency approaches unity over a range of wavelengths. Such cells are today technologically possible through recent developments in the fabrication of high efficiency silicon cells. Technical Approach The internal quantum efficiency is the ratio between the current produced in the cell and the number of the photons at a monochromatic radiation entering the semiconductor. In practice most methods of calibrating solar cells are based on the assumption that the calibration current of the cell under the standard irradiance can be calculated from the cell spectral response to monochromatic radiation by superposition. The measurement of the spectral response is done by illuminating the cell with an apparatus that provides monochromatic radiation at variable wavelengths such that the power in each wavelength is the same. The calibration of the cell under test is given by: I(R,T) = I(S,T) * I(R,R) / (I(S,R)*M) where I(R,T) is the calibration current of the test cell under the standard spectrum, I(S,T) is the current when illuminated with the simulator, I(R,R) is the calibration current of the reference cell (under the standard spectrum) and I(S,R) is the measured current of this cell under the simulator. M is the spectral mis-match correction factor. Economic Benefits: – Know-how for production of high efficiency PV solar cells – Examination of possibilities for series production of primary irradiance reference device – Decrease of costs of primary irradiance reference devices and high a wide dissemination and availability of reliable standards Expected Achievements and Exploitation The goals of this project are to establish a new method for the production of primary reference cells with a defined consistency of internal quantum efficiency due to accurate definition of the production process and determination of physical parameters, to determine its capacity for producing reference cells, to compare with other reference cells and to explore the guarantees needed before reference institutions can accept the method. Each producer and end user of photovoltaic devices will really have available a high-precision, absolute reference, which will contribute to harmonisation of measurements and improve the credibility of data-sheet values.
16688	JOR3970135	nan	Wide gap chalcopyrites for advanced photovoltaic devices					1997-04-01	2000-03-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	OBJECTIVES The objective of this project is to develop highly efficient, low-toxic, stable, cost effective thin film solar cells based on CuGaSe2 and CuGaSe2 / CulnSe2 tandem structures. The wide-gap CuGaSe2 (Eg =1.68 eV) based solar cell will be processed at low temperatures and should exceed the best PV parameters, achieved so far. We aim in particular for an open circuit voltage of more than 1 V and a short-circuit current density of more than 15mA/cm2 (under AM1.5 illumination). TECHNICAL APPROACH In order to study the influence of source materials and deposition techniques on device performances, MOCVD and PVD will be investigated. Polycrystalline CuGaSe2 and defect chalcopyrite layers will be deposited on glass/Mo and on glass/n\ -ZnO:AI (to form a tunnel junction), and also on glass/p\ -SiC (in order to develop transparent back contacts). For reference reasons the same layers wil be grown on GaAs-substrates by MBE and MOCVD. In some PVD processes various additive materials acting as fluxing agents will be used during the growth of CuGaSe2 thin films (flux-assisted growth). In the MOCVD-system p-CuGaSe2 /n-ZnSe structuires will be deposited in one multilayer-process. With different characterisation methods a study of material, interface and device properties will be performed. The material quality prior to and after deposition will be analyzed by mass spectrometry and nuclear mass resonance. With the help of ion-beam analysis the hydrogen content depth profile in the complete solar cell structures will be studied quantitatively . The stoichiometric composition at the interface between window layers and CuGaSe2 will be analyze by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) together with sputtering and Rutherford backscattering (RBS). Optoelectronic scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and in-situ photoelectron spectroscopy will be used to investigate the junction formation. The devices will be characterized by spectral response and temperature dependent IV-measurements. EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS AND EXPLOITATION It is expected that the wide-gap CuGaSe2 based solar cells developed in this project will exhibit better PV parameters than any state-of-the-art wide gap chalcopyrite device processed so far. If MOCVD-grown wide gap chalcopyrites can be processed into highly efficient solar cells, AIXTRON sees the opportunity to offer MOCVD equipment (with large planetary reactor) and transfer the developed technology with the equipment. The precursor materials developed at EPICHEM could be exploited using batch scale production with a relatively short induction period of 6 to 12 months.
16713	JOR3950030	nan	High efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells based on low cost materials					1996-01-01	1999-04-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Objectives The project aims at the development of low cost silicon sheet material and the demonstration of high efficiency solar cell structures in this material in pilot industrial production. Technical Approach A fast (one wafer per second) and flexible mechanical wafer engineering technique will be developed and its viability demonstrated on a laboratory scale at the University of Konstanz (D) and implemented in an industrial environment at Eurosolare SpA (I). The compatibility of surface engineered wafers with existing solar cell production technology will be demonstrated on both levels. The project aims at the demonstration of the cost-effectiveness of the wafer engineering method on advanced cast multi-crystalline silicon. IMEC (B) aims at the demonstration of more than 17% cell efficiency on large area (10×10 cm2) single-side V-grooved and screen-printed solar cells and a corresponding 16% total area module efficiency. Partially transparent solar cells will be developed at the University of Konstanz based on RGS (ribbon growth on substrate) material prepared by Bayer AG (D). This activity aims at a demonstration of 12% module efficiency. A molten zone silicon sheet process will be developed by the University of Lisbon (P) and the resulting material quality will be evaluated by the different project partners. Expected Achievements and Exploitation The outputs of the project represent a significant advance with respect to the state-of-the-art technology. In particular the demonstration of partially transparent, highly efficient solar modules based on a low cost sheet-grown material and a fast texturing method may lead to innovative applications of photovoltaics e.g. in buildings. The project is most likely to reduce the cost of solar systems in an economy-of-scale approach since the involved methods represent highly flexible and cost-effective mass production techniques.
16718	SE./00075/95	nan	25 kW GRID CONNECTED PV GENERATOR INTEGRATED INTO THE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY STRUCTURE					1995-09-01	1998-05-31		FP4	€ 314,146.00	€ 125,659.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	The main objective of this project is, at the European level, to demonstrate the advantages of an innovative grid connected photovoltaic (PV) installation, which offers an optimal solution to the following problems in the present energy supply structure : – low energy efficiency due to losses in transport – low energy efficiency due to losses in transformation processes – institutional barriers to using purer technology This solution will serve as a model for further diffusion of grid connected PV systems in Spain and in other European countries. Has been determinated that the energy consumption of the Health Centre in Arnoia, where the solar system was installed, will always be more than the maximal theorical capacity of the Solar Generator production. A delay in the Monitoring phase was made when connecting the line phone. It was due to the Spanish Phone Company (Telefonica). Nowadays the modem connection for the data acquisition equipment and the monitoring is concluded. 1. Innovative technology and context : The main innovation of the project is found in the way the electricity is supplied to the local grid in low tension resulting in minimal losses from transformation and transport. The installation has been put in place and directly connected to the local grid with no adaptation necessary in it. As the electricity distribution corresponds with the local authority, who is a co-proposer of this project, no changes in normal procedures in the electricity distribution has been needed. The production will serve as a supplement to the electricity bought and transformed by the electricity distributor, and as such a larger generator could be installed in the future. However, for demonstration purposes, and for generating the positive influence in the local society, a 25 kWp installation is sufficiently large to demonstrate the integration. 2. Economic aspects : Expected annual production :25 kW x 1630 peak solar hours per year = 29150 kWh/y. In 1994, Ayto. de Arnoia bought 1294 MWh from Union-Fernosa and paid 12955000 PTA. Ayto. de Arnoia estimates losses in transformation of 82 MWh and a study done by Albasolar says 97 MWh. This gives an effective price after transformation of 10,7 PTA/kWh. The effective price of electricity paid by the end-users in Ayto. de Arnoia was approximately 28PTA. A prudent estimation of the real cost by Ayto.de Arnoia (taking into account the depreciation of transformers and the cost of maintenance and operation) is 14 PTA/kWh. The minimum monetary value of the energy produced will therefore be : E= 14PTA x 29150 kWh/y = 408100PTA/Y The expected pay-back is 119,7 years. 3. Monitoring : Monitoring phase ongoing
16736	SE./00354/95	nan	PV STAND-ALONE AND HYBRID SYSTEMS IN NATURAL PARKS OF SPAIN AND FRANCE					1995-12-01	1998-08-31		FP4	€ 838,400.00	€ 335,360.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	The technology objectives : to provide standard quality electrical supply and hot water with non-polluting solution; improved cost effectiveness of components by integration of all power conditioning, monitoring and regulation into one single modular unit; reduction of downtime and maintenance costs through standardized layout. Strategic aims : to guarantee maintenance and repairs of PV rural electrification equipment through a service contract backed by telemanagement; To complement PV with solar DWH within the same service contract of supply; to develop a new management model appropriate for this technology involving natural park authorities; local governments and users association; the adoption of these technologies in Natural Parks not only meets nature protection objectives; the creation of jobs by imploying local SME into the installation and maintenance; to set the basis for a communications network among users to share information on high efficiency appliances. This project achieves the functional integration of the following systems : – stand-alone PV electrification installation to supply the necessary amount of electric power, ( on some sites with back up generators) – standard quality of supply (230 V AC, sinusoidal wave), high reliability (cascading inverter power steps), improved efficiency (MPPT) – Solar Water Heating : the system provides DHW or substitutes the electrical resistances of washing machines and dish washers. The system consist of solar collectors and hot water tank with heat exchanger. – centralized energy management and measurement : there is only one integrated control system that manages energy sources as well as load priorities. Loads can be managed according to energy availability (i.e. washing machine is activated if there is hot water and PV electrical energy available, water pumping turns on when batteries are fully charged, etc) to improve the over-all performance ratio (PR) – all the energy installations will have concerted maintenance and guarantee of service.
16738	SE./00298/95	nan	INTEGRATION OF PV PANELS IN TRANSPARENT HIGHWAY SOUND BARRIERS					1996-01-01	1998-11-30		FP4	€ 544,000.00	€ 217,600.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	The aim of the project is to demonstrate a concept for integrating PV modules as a part of a new semi-transparent and highly efficient sound barrier. Bifacial PV cells will be used and 130 W module integrated inverters will be installed to be compared with a standard inverter solution. Total installed capacity will be 34 kWp. The noise absorbing parts of the sound barrier will also act as reflectors for solar radiation. The sound barriers consist of glass panes reflecting sound into sound-absorbing (mineral-wool and galvanized-steel) plates above. In 500 m of barrier length the glass panes are partially replaced by bifacial PV modules (tilted at 60 deg. C), yielding 280 m2 grid-connected PV modules with 34 kWp. A standard inverter solution is compared with AC PV modules having small integrated 130 W inverters. PV modules : Solel m-Si bifacial 56 x 148 cm 100 Wp DC/AC inverters : fifty 130 W/230 V R&S, plus one 25 kW/400 V central inverter Monitoring : according to IEC WG82 standards by Solar Energy Laboratory of DTI and NESA. Installation : to be completed by October 1996.
16744	SE./00096/95	MPPS	MOBILE PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SUPPLY FOR TELECOMMUNICATION					1996-01-01	1998-12-31		FP4	€ 252,000.00	€ 100,801.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	This project aims to demonstrate the concept of a big size, very high reliable, mobile and isolated Photovoltaic System (PV) for remote areas without grid connection. With a very easy and fast set-up it will be shown that photovoltaics are cost competitive and technically advantageous, compared to the use of diesel generator sets, even in remote locations were power is to be delivered during a provisional time frame. Within the frame of this project a total photovoltaic power of 14kWp will be installed on 4 trailers, which could be driven by 4WD car or van. Three towable 4.4 kWp PV systems genset backup, will be build and used in supplying power to Mobile Telephone Telecom sites of Telecel, a major GSM cellular telephone company in Portugal, during the period between the site launching and the construction of definite PV based systems or the power line. The purpose of the project is to supply electric power to a GSM cellular telephone transmitter station far away from any grid connection. The sites were the systems will be installed are located inside of Natural Parks, Reserves and Landscaped Protected areas, were power lines are difficult to install and costly due to its remoteness; The use of these systems will avoid the use of noisy and pollutant diesel gensets, thus reducing visual, aural and emission pollution. The totally mobile power supply of a telecommunication station by photovoltaic power is one of the most ambitious projects of the last years. Our system feature, in addition to the towable concept, is one of the most complete and reliable data acquisition systems on the international market. The bigger subsystem will consist of a photovoltaic array, made up of 40 ISOFOTON 110 Wp modules, with a total power of 4,4 kWp and a storage battery with 26 V rated voltage and 1500 Ah at C100, which will store 39 kWh energy for subsequent use. The systems will be equipped with a small diesel back-up generator with automatically start up function if there is any failure or deep discharge of the battery. The regulation and control system will be managed by a powerful microprocessor which takes into account, among other things, voltage, accumulator capacity and temperature. It will provide two charge states : quick or float charge. The data acquisition system and the possibility of working with a modem will facilitate, to a large extent, the maintenance and repair in case of any failures and greatly improve the reliability of the mobile photovoltaic system.
16745	SE./00058/95	nan	OPTIMIZATION OF WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR A NATURAL LAKE BY MEANS OF PV POWER					1996-04-01	1999-12-31		FP4	€ 208,800.00	€ 83,520.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	Oxygenation system for a waste water treatment plant fed by a PV system (11.6 kWp). Innovation lies in the adaptation of the PV system to this treatment plant. It will improve the performance of the existing lagoons, notably in the summer period or following exceptional discharges of effluent (agricultural or industrial wastes) by providing additional oxygen. Three experimental waste treatment sites. Site 1 : Meze : 10 ha surface, 60 m3/h air injection at 0.5 depth is 648 W over 10h/d, yielding 6480 Wh/d or 135 Ah/d at 48 V. PV generator 84 modules ( 4 serial) 4116 Wp, battery 977 Ah, motor 550 W. Site 2 : Gigean : 3 ha surface, 40 m3/h air injection at 0.5 m depth is 438 W over 20 h/d, yielding 8760 Wh/d or 182 Ah/d at 48 V. PV generator 104 modules (4 serial) 5096 Wp, battery 1317 Ah, motor 370 W. Site 3 : Villeveyrac: 9500 m2 surface, 300 m3/d air injection at 0.5 m depth is 296 W over 12 h/d, yielding 3552 Wh/d or 74Ah/d at 48 V. PV generator 2352 Wp, battery 536 Ah, motor 250 W. PV modules : Photowatt PWX 500 49 Wp Storage batteries : Oldham, lead-acid, tubular plates 48 V, 10 years life expected Control system : Apex, measures physio-chemical conditions of the laguna and controls airation accordingly. Converters and chargers : Victron (NL) Hydraulic gears : MPR Installation : to be completed by December 1997.
16751	JOR3950058	DISS	Direct solar steam					1996-01-01	1998-11-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	308	PROJECT OBJECTIVES The objective of the DISS project is the development of a new generation of solar thermal power plants with improved parabolic trough collectors and direct steam generation (DSG) in the absorber tubes, thus eliminating the oil acting as a heat transfer medium between the solar field and the conventional power block. At present, more than 350 MW peak power are produced by solar thermal power plants with parabolic trough collectors. Nevertheless, the levelized electricity cost (LEC) of these solar plants is still too high to compete with fossil fuels. Project DISS is aims to increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of solar thermal power plants with parabolic trough collectors. TECHNICAL APPROACH The State-of-the-Art of solar thermal power plants using parabolic trough collectors is given by the nine SEGS plants in operation in California. Although increases to the efficiency of these plants has reduced costs from 24 c/kWh to roughly 9 c/kWh under Californian conditions, the levelized electricity cost (LEC) of these plants is still too high. Preliminary simulation results have shown that there exist some improvements that could reduce the LEC by 30%. The technical approach of DISS to develop these improvements is based on the following tasks: -Design and implementation of a real-scale test facility to investigate the open questions concerning the two-phase flow in the absorber pipes of solar parabolic trough collectors in order to eliminate the synthetic oil used in the SEGS plants. -Applied research on direct steam generation to investigate thermohydraulic aspects of the two phase flow in parabolic trough collectors -Study and evaluation of potential improvements for parabolic trough collectors to reduce the cost and to increase the efficiency EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS & EXPLOITATION The expected outputs of the first phase are: -Design and implementation of a real-size test facility to evaluate the technical open questions concerning the two-phase flow under real working conditions. -Design of proper control schemes for the three processes (once-through, recirculation and injection). -Study and evaluation of potential collector improvements to increase the efficiency and to reduce the cost. -Implementation and operation of a test loop for the evaluation of possible collector improvements. The partners of DISS belong to the main sectors involved in a future commercialization of the technology to be developed within this project (i.e. Industries and Electric Utilities), thus guaranteeing a proper exploitation of results in the future.
16752	JOR3950069	LOWTHERMCELLS	Low thermal budget processing for continuous manufacturing of silicon solar cells					1996-01-01	1998-12-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Objectives In order to reach thermal cost reduction as well as environmental safety, new approaches are necessary in the silicon solar cells industry. The aim of the present project is to investigate a new continuous manufacturing line based on low thermal budget processing steps relying on an optical energy transfer to the sample. The general goal of the LOWTHERMCELLS project, carried out by five laboratories (CNRS-PHASE, FhG-ISE, IMEC, ENEA and INSA) in association with industrial companies (AST, ASE and SOLTECH), is the replacement of all conventional thermal processing steps in solar cell manufacturing by Rapid Thermal (RT) steps using lamp furnaces. The main objective is a reduction of the total number of steps. In particular, for homogeneous emitter solar cells, the goal is to perform an entirely passive ‘npp\ structure in a single thermal cycle and to suppress masking and photolithographic steps for selective emitters. Technical Approach This project concerns, for three of the five tasks, the development of the cell structure. Rapid thermal diffusion is used for a simultaneous formation of the emitter and back surface field (BSF) from different doped sources such as glasses, SiO2 or polysilicon layers deposited by spin-on, screen-printing or CVD processes. For surface passivation, rapid thermal oxidation, PE-CVD and doped or un-doped glass deposition are to be investigated together with a rapid thermal sintering of screen printed contacts. For selective emitter solar cells, an additional laser treatment is used to over-dope the regions under the contacts and to perform the grooving of buried contacts. The two other tasks concern the characterisation and production of the solar cells as well as the conceptual design and evaluation of the process by the industrial partners. They will test the stability under encapsulation of the cells (Soltech), design a continuous processing line integrating all the RT steps (AST) and perform an accurate economic evaluation of the LOWTHERMCELLS process (ASE). As preliminary results, 16.3 and 14.1% conversion efficiencies have respectively been obtained by FhG-ISE for 5 x 5 cm2 CZ and by IMEC for 10 x 10 cm2 multicrystalline silicon solar cells. Expected Achievements and Exploitation The main output of this project is a simplification and reduction of the duration and number of thermal manufacturing steps of high efficiency silicon solar cells. The measurable goal is to achieve for 10 x 10 cm2 industrial cells a conversion efficiency of 17.0% on CZ silicon and 15.5% on multicrystalline substrates as well as 17.5 and 16.0% on small 2 x 2cm2 laboratory cells, respectively. In order to be able to propose at the end of this project a new concept for a manufacturing process line to the industry, preliminary stability tests under encapsulation of the structures will be performed, as well as an economic evaluation of these low-level thermally processed cells.
16757	JOR3950075	nan	PV SAFETY: improving PV system reliability by a new concept including a novel arc detection unit					1996-01-01	1997-12-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Objectives The objective of the project is to develop and validate a new device to install in the DC wiring of PV systems in order to improve overall safety. This new device will be capable of detecting faulty conditions such as electric arcs due to failing contacts, ground faults, out of voltage circuits, etc.. In particular, the device should possibly be able to identify the location of such micro-arcs and their nature: loss of isolation or loose contacts, and eventually clear them. The final result of the project should be the development of a comprehensive PV array safety concept including specifications for equipment and procedures for DC-arc prevention, arc detection and arc suppression. Technical Approach The collection of information concerning fault conditions, especially of fires, which occurred in PV systems generated by arcs and micro-arcs in the DC wiring, connection boxes, switch boards etc. and their analysis will supply the basis to recognize the common-mode failures generating the arc. Laboratory arc tests will permit the understanding and characterising of the phenomena; while, by means of field experiments, the lab results will be validated . An arc detector device which analyses the noise spectrum created by an arc will be developed. The problem of the discrimination of signals coming from the environment (e.g. inverter or diffuse noises like radio frequencies) will be solved for different categories of plant and site. By means of computer simulations the influence of the array configuration on the propagation of the arc signal will be assessed. Expected Achievements and Exploitation The outputs of this project are: – The research and the identification of common failures causing an arc in DC wiring. – A deep knowledge of the development of an arc in DC wiring. Specifications concerning arc prevention and installation procedures. – Specification of arc containment by using suitable equipment and installation procedures. – Specification of an active arc detector circuit, using arc detection and suppression with a suitable disabling procedure. – Setting-up of a device or family of devices suitable to be installed in different PV systems to improve general safety and capable to prevent fires generated by electric DC arcs. – The arc detector device could be installed in all PV systems to be erected by the partners of the project and, with a licence agreement at reasonable conditions, by all EU PV installers. – This device should increase the safety of small and large PV power plants by providing protection against fires originated by arcs in the DC wiring of PV plants.
16771	JOR3960101	nan	Development of optical concentrators for small PV systems					1996-07-01	1998-06-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Objectives Photovoltaic systems have advantages as sources of small amounts of electrical power in remote areas, but conventional solar panels are expensive. This project aims to reduce the cost of solar electricity by developing small optical systems to concentrate the sunlight onto solar cells to increase their electrical output. A typical unit of 2m2 aperture will give 200-300 watts, enough for household electrification (lights, radio and television) for a farm, school or a few houses, or for small scale water pumping. It should be possible to make concentrator systems at half the cost of current planar solar panels. Technical Approach Many concentrators have been developed in the past, but they have usually been as expensive as conventional solar panels, because concentrator solar cells have cost much more than one-sun cells, and the optical and tracking systems have been expensive. Recent developments, such as BP Solar’s laser-grooved buried-grid cells, have made it possible to manufacture solar cells, little different in design and cost from one-sun cells, that can be used at concentration ratios up to 40x. Using these cells with minimum-specification optical and tracking systems, there is considerable scope for cost reduction. The collaborators, Reading University, Universidad Politechnica de Madrid, and ZSW, Stuttgart will examine a wide range of possible concentrators, from fixed non-imaging systems with concentration ratios of 2 or 3x, which are expensive in cells but cheap in structure, through cylindrical lens and mirror systems with concentration ratios of 10 to 20x and single axis tracking, to spherical lens systems with concentration ratios around 40x that require two axis trackers. For each system, performance will be estimated using computer ray-tracing programs, taking due account of material properties, manufacturing imperfections, and the daily and annual motion of the sun. The manufacturing cost of each system will be estimated on a common basis, and the cost per watt calculated. Four systems will be chosen to be manufactured as 2 m2 prototypes. They will be built in Reading, and tested for a full 6 months at ZSW’s test site at Widderstall. Expected Achievements and Exploitation It is expected that the best concentrators will cost about 2 ECU per Watt-peak, compared with 5 ECU/Wp for planar arrays. Such a cost reduction will make pv systems much more attractive to users. The principal users of these small systems will be villagers and small farmers in remote areas, mostly in developing countries, so there will be considerable opportunities for export. It is probable that solar cell strings, optical elements and tracker components will be made in Europe and exported, and the relatively bulky mechanical structures will be made in the country of use; this will encourage the development of an indigenous solar PV infrastructure which is essential to provide users with technical support and maintenance.
16772	JOR3970131	nan	Valve-regulated battery with improved separators avoiding electrolyte stratification and charge controller for low-cost photovoltaic and wind installations					1997-04-01	2000-03-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	PROJECT OBJECTIVES The objective of this project is the development of improved and low cost PV/wind systems, to be used mainly in special locations like isolated areas, farmhouses, etc, in which it is more advantageous to install such systems than to be connected to the main network what would be too costly in most cases. These systems are composed of three main subsystems : Solar or wind turbine generators, batteries for storing generated energy, and charge controller/conditioner. Among these systems, the most important for determing the performance and life are the batteries and the charge regulator. The specific objective of the project is to improve the performance of both components, with special incidence in the battery. TECHNICAL APPROACH The specific problem, that at the battery level limits the performance and especially the system life, is the progressive development of acid stratification (different acid densities from the bottom to the top) in the battery. This is mainly due to the fact that in solar/wind applications, due to their random nature, a complete recharge of the batteries cannot be always assured. The development of electrolyte stratification will lead to the following problems : Lower energy available from the battery, high sulphation of the plates, and, especially, high corrosion. The result is a severe limitation of the attainable life. In this project, the intention is to overcome this problem developing a new separator material, that will decrease, or even eliminate, the acid stratification in the battery. To achieve this, the structure of the glass mat separator will be modified by the inclusion of especial filling materials. Concerning charge regulator the main feature will be the degree of overcharge, depth of discharge) along the previous two weeks, for optmizing the using conditions and life. EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS AND EXPLOITATION After completion of the project, the life of these systems is expected to be improved from the actual value (around 400 cycles), to more than 800 deep discharge cycles. This marked increase will lead to a significant decrease of the cost of these systems, on a life basis, making them more competitive and attractive to the user. If successful, the new battery with the new separator could be also applied to other uses that imply heavy and repetitive cycling, like light motive power applications. The financial involvement of several industrial partners a big company like TUDOR and small and specialized ones like BERNARD DUMAS and ATERSA, is an indication of their interest in the exploitation of the results.
16775	JOR3970129	nan	CIS-Module development on float glass substrates					1997-05-01	2000-04-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	PROJECT OBJECTIVES Based on the improved laboratory technology for small CIS – modules on 10 cm x 10 cm substrates R & D activities of Siemens Solar and St. Gobain are combined to scale up to 30 cm x 30 cm prototype modules. Primary focus is on manufacturing issues in order to reduce the PV module costs down to less than 1 ECU / Wp for a further mass production. The main points to be demonstrated in the project are: – module efficiencies of 10 – 12 % – high process yields and reproducibility – pass IEC 12 15 PV module test ( ISPRA – certificate ) – in line processing capability of all coating steps – process control methods and tools – low – cost processes by employing non toxic materials and compounds TECHNICAL APPROACH Siemens Solar’s present CIS technology has proven capability to fabricate minimodules on a 10 cm x 10 cm substrate with an average efficiency of 11 % ; peak efficiencies close to 12 % have been demonstrated. This technology will be transferred within three project phases into a state capable of fabricating prototype stand – alone power modules as well as prototype fassade modules with a minimum efficiency of 11 %. Phase I comprises the final definition of processes and materials for first demonstrator module.The second phase covers the fabrication of demonstrator modules according to the specifications defined in phase I. On the basis of an improved technology a second set of CIS demonstrator modules with a minimum efficiency of 11 % will be produced and tested during the last phase of this project The work packages comprises manufacturing compatible barrier coatings for float glass substrates, high throughput coating and annealing steps as well as an interconnect and encapsulation technology that guarantees stable module performance EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS AND EXPLOITATION At the end of this program, prototype stand – alone power modules as well as prototype fassade modules with a minimum efficiency of 11 % will be provided. Owing to the technical competence and manufacturing capability gained by both companies during that project a closer analysis of the cost structure for further mass production of CIS power modules will be performed. On the basis of these results it is planned at Siemens Solar to start the pilot production of modules for the application in the PV – power market. With St. Gobain mostly interested in PV for fassade integration first product lines will also comprise that market segment.
16782	JOR3950094	MENHIR	Multicrystalline – electromagnetic new material and high production rates					1996-01-01	1998-12-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Objectives Even with increased volume, today’s processing and equipment technology is not able to provide a manufacturing cost lower than 2 ECU/Wp. The main goal of the MENHIR programme is to demonstrate the feasibility of a 1.4 ECU/Wp manufacturing cost for cells based on large (125x100mm2), thin, multicrystalline silicon wafers. This goal shall be pursued through the demonstration of the feasibility of high volume and high speed processing in electromagnetic cold crucible continuous casting and in solar cell and module activities including handling equipment. Casting speeds ranging from 1 to 4 mm/min and solar cell and module processes able to treat one cell every one or two seconds are the main targets. Technical Approach Up to now 120 mm diameter billets with growth speeds of 1mm/min have been achieved. The development of the electromagnetic casting prototype will be pursued with a square cross section cold crucible able to deliver 125 x 125 mm2 wafers. The following points shall be addressed in detail: silicon feed, melting inside the cold crucible, control of the solid/liquid interface, control of the cooling conditions and development of numerical models coupling heat transfer and induction phenomena. Test castings will be realized at EPM-Madylam of Grenoble in collaboration with ALD vacuum technologies of Erlensee for system design, specification, and process control. Faster solar cell and module processes are to be investigated and tested by IMEC of Leuven, IES of Madrid and PHOTOWATT of Bourgoin concerning anti-reflecting surface treatments, front and back junction formation, metallic contact deposition, soldering and cell encapsulation in conjunction with reliability tests performed at ESTI of Ispra. The ECOTECH grouping of four research and analysis laboratories is in charge of cast material and cell characterisation. The selected processes will be tested, demonstrated at the pilot level and cost analysed by PHOTOWATT and SOLTECH. Expected Achievements and Exploitation The expected outputs of this project are: – Development of the EMC caster prototype and process control – Multicrystalline silicon billets to make large and thin wafers – Technical specifications of the electromagnetic caster – Faster processes on large multicrystalline silicon solar cells and module activities. – 14% to 15% conversion efficiency on 125 x 125 mm2 Industrialisation of pilot processes achieving the above targets will reduce costs for 125 x 125mm2 wafers to 1.25 ECU/Wp while reducing capital investments for a 30 Mwp plant by a factor of four.
16793	JOR3960112	nan	Research on low-cost ‘PV-System-Checker-Device’ for future application in individual PV-System monitoring					1996-09-01	1999-06-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Objectives This proposal is to identify the lowest-cost, commercially-available instruments for solar irradiation measurement, data acquisition and display, and remote monitoring. The study shall investigate their suitability for long-term measurements of PV-system performance, and lead to a design for a new device. A major problem in the assessment of individual, widely-spread PV systems, is the determination of the amount of solar irradiation available at a specific site. Only expensive irradiation measuring equipment can give this figure exactly. Usually it is roughly estimated on the basis of decade-long irradiation measurements. This affects the assessment of PV systems, where the ratio between the PV system output (kWh fed to the load) and the energy input (sunlight available at the site) determines the overall system performance, efficiency, and reliability. Technical Approach The main task is to investigate the possibilities of using commercial opto-electronic devices as low-cost solar irradiation sensors. For this, an outdoor measurement site will be established to measure and evaluate different devices. The key points of the work to be performed are: – Test and monitor a number of opto-electronic devices, together with different module types (i.e. amorphous and crystalline silicon cells), and well established reference devices (ESTI- Sensor, Solarimeter, amorphous and crystalline Si-modules) – Compare data and evaluate the influence of different weather conditions on the spectral behaviour of the different devices, and select the optoelectronic devices best suited to irradiation measurement applications – Investigate durability, protection against the environment and expected lifetime of these devices. Identify technical improvements for increased operating lifetime and stability. This project shall identify the lowest-cost irradiation and kWh metering devices. Ideally this shall lead to universal application of monitoring to PV systems. Monitoring systems permit precise estimations of total power generated, and highlight the onset of mal-functions. An early indication of a mal-function can minimise the power lost through prolonged operation of a faulty system. Thorough exploitation of a system’s potential reduces its pay-back time. A reliable and simple indicator of system operating status shall also increase confidence in PV as an energy source, assisting its diffusion. Expected Achievements and Exploitation The goal is to identify suitable opto-electronic devices and related data acquisition and display configurations for low-cost, long-term, accurate solar irradiation measurement in order to develop a prototype for a commercially available solar irradiation sensor with a cost below 100 ECU.
16811	JOR3950020	nan	Solar assisted absorption cooling machine with optimized utilization of solar energy					1996-01-01	1997-12-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	303	Objectives The state of the art of solar driven cooling devices is the combination of a single effect absorption chiller (SE-AC) and conventional furnaces using gas or oil as a fuel. If the available solar heat supply is not enough for the chiller operation, heat from the furnace supplies the absorption machine. This operation change causes an abrupt decrease of the system efficiency (COP). Due to the low efficiency in the gas driven mode a substantial solar contribution of 30 to 50% is necessary to save primary energy compared to an efficient electrically driven compression chiller. For this reason the main objective of this project is to develop an absorption cooling machine, which can use either solar energy from thermal collectors or natural gas with a higher COP than standard single effect chillers. Technical Approach The concept of this project is to set up a double effect absorption chiller (DE-AC) which is gas fired but modified allowing it to be driven directly by hot water from thermal collectors. Essentially this machine acts as a highly efficient DE-AC when driven by gas and as a SE-AC when using solar energy. Compared with the system described above (only SE-AC, solar collector, furnace as a backup), this would lead to an additional saving of about 40% of the fuel consumption for cooling. The solar contribution necessary to reduce the primary energy demand compared to the compression chiller is in this case only 10% – which can easily be reached in Southern Europe. The pilot unit will be in the range of 25 kW cooling capacity typical for small size office buildings, restaurants etc. The reasons for this choice are firstly to have a machine which is not far from the very low capacities needed for residential houses and secondly a machine which can be scaled up or used in a modular way to cover the range necessary for hotels, hospitals, food storage etc. Moreover this is a range which is not well covered by existing manufacturers. As the available area for solar collectors is in general limited, this also favours the low to medium capacity range. Expected Achievements and Exploitation The outputs of this project will be: evaluation of the feasibility and economy of the system development of software tools for the simulation of solar cooling installations definition of the layout and the control strategy design, dimensioning and construction of the components setup of the laboratory prototype and extended tests Within 18 months a prototype will be developed, constructed and tested. The results will allow to decide if there is a chance to build and market a solar assisted absorption chiller, which is not only highly efficient but also economical.
16815	JOR3950003	CODEC	A novel high efficient solar collector for desiccative and evaporative cooling					1996-01-01	1998-12-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	303	Objectives The main objective of this project is the development of a low-cost solar collector with new materials and a novel absorption method, suitable for the following major fields of application: – Heating and cooling for CFC-free air conditioning, by desiccative and evaporative cooling (DEC). – Heat production for modular desalination and water purification plants. – Commercial use in domestic water heating by low-cost collectors. Technical Approach This project looks at material aspects of the novel absorber and its adaptation for air-conditioning by desiccative and evaporative cooling (DEC) with solid sorbents (LiCl). The work includes investigations into materials, technologies and thermodynamic processes in combination with the complete system. The first phase contains the major task of selecting the most suitable overall collector concept from a choice of options. These will be analysed using detailed physical and technological investigations: optical, chemical and pressure tests, joining technologies, and thermodynamic analysis and simulation for different volumetric absorber concepts. The second phase contains the detailed collector engineering model (EM) design. Additionally, DEC system analysis will be carried out for the integration of solar thermal power. The main parts in this phase are the realisation, testing and evaluation of the collector EM, where both standalone and basic tests of interaction with the DEC system will be carried out. The third phase is characterised by the final collector design, solar DEC system design and assembly and performance tests. After the establishment of plans and procedures, the collector array will be manufactured and the DEC system assembled. Performance tests under full load and partial load as well as safety/reliability tests will be carried out under the climate conditions in Portugal and evaluated afterwards. Expected Achievements and Exploitation The outputs of the project will be: Collector concept and specifications DEC system design and specifications Five modules of collector EM Solar supported DEC unit with 2,000 to 4,000 m3/h, a cooling capacity of 18 to 40 kW and a nominal collector capacity of 20 to 45% of the total power demand. Collector and system performances Subsequent to the successful performance of the collector and the DECsystem, contracts are being prepared, regulating the casting of the role of the partners in production and marketing activities. Patents and licences will be offered to the partners and to other EU manufacturers.
16827	SE./00179/95	nan	WATER OXYGENATION WITH PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY					1995-11-01	1998-11-30		FP4	€ 190,800.00	€ 76,320.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	The objective of this project is to solve an environmental problem by using photovoltaic energy. It consists in bringing air into the lake Valencia with oxygenators. These oxygenators permits the rise of the purification of the organic materials and the regeneration of the flora and fauna of the lake. Also the reduction of bad smells coming from the rotten water will be minimised, as well as the progressive destruction of the aquatic life. Innovative in this project is the Oxygenators SO-100 which is able to generate a curtain of air-bubbles with a air-volume proportional to the solar radiation received at every moment on the solar modules. The functioning of the system basically consists in generating electricity by the solar panels. These solar panels feed through the converter (which changes the tension of the solar panels, 2X53W, into the tension of the electric engine) a DC engine which mechanically (by pulleys) drives a volumetric air compressor that pushes the air into the diffuser upon two floating structures of fiber-glass what will make it very easy to move and to install the system in any other location independently to the nature and depth of the lake. The system with the solar panels and the tension converter permits the engine, whose functioning is proportional to the received solar radiation on the panels, to work independently. This proportional function allows us to omit batteries. This configuration (free of maintenance) does not need neither the assistance of a accumulator, nor its substitution when the active life of the accumulator ends.
16834	SE./00232/95	nan	PV ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY FOR THE CIES ISLANDS NATURAL PARK					1996-01-01	1998-09-30		FP4	€ 192,000.00	€ 76,800.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	The aim of this project is to solve, by means of solar energy, the electrical needs of the installations of the ‘Conselleria de Agricultura de la Xunta de Galicia’ in the Cies Islands Natural Park, situated in Vigo-Galicia-Spain. Another objective is to convert the Natural Park into a place of information, formation and education in renewable energies, where the visitors can learn it is possible to satisfy the human energy needs without the destruction of the environment. Nowadays, the electricity is supplied by a diesel generator of 15KVA, which is a source of noise and pollution. With the present project, we will substitute it for a 12 kWp PV System. The expected produced PV electric energy is some 14000 kWh/y what it is expected to save some 10000 liters/year of gas-oil with. The payback time for the investment is expected to be 10,51 years. There was a bad weather in December, January and mid February and the plant was charging batteries and supplying energy to the DC loads but not the AC loads. From mid February the plant is in full operation and has been not necessary to start the auxiliary generator. The users are very happy because now they have power all day (previously they used a diesel generator that were turn off by night and part of the day). They are very amazed too because they did not believe the PV installations would work properly. From the month of March 1998, the station has been in full operation. In the months of March, April, May and June, the load has been moderate, because only the houses of workers and guards were in use, and 100% of it was covered by PV, and the production exceeded the demand. In the months of July, August and September, the Information Centre of the Park was open to the public and the load increased significantly. However, the PV station supplied 100% of the load, except a few days in the first half of September in which, because of continuous fogs, it was necessary to use the back-up diesel generator. The instruction received by the personnel of the Park are to call to the Technical Coordinator as soon the station is malfunctioning, and only has been allowed to commutes between PV system and back-up generator if it is necessary. They dispose of a remote vizualization system in the house of workers so they can see the state of the batteries and the PV production. It is difficult to convince to this staff in order they optimize the installation. For instance, they have not seen the convenience to move to the central hours of the day the main loads of the appliances. In middle July, there happened an excess of load demand in the Information Center (all the lights and appliances were switched on at the same time) what made that sometimes the inverters maximum power was exceeded and consequently caused a malfunctioning of the inverters. Once the cause of the problem was seen, the personnel was instructed to optimize the lights and appliances switched on simultaneously. Lightnings on 27/08/98 caused the system to go down, no electricity arrived to the houses, even with the back-up generator started, and the personnel of the Park thought the all system had broken down. Notified the Technical Coordinator, it was seen that the system worked properly and that what happened was that all the differentials in the houses were switched off due to the lightnings, circumstance that the staff had not noticed. 1. Innovative technology : Diesel generators are the usual technology to supply electricity in isolated places in the power range in study. The PV system, thus, may be considered innovative, in attendence to the geographycal area of the emplacement. The inverter used has a special feature of variable frequency for starting motors, when the output pick capacity is exceeded. 2. Context in which the technology is operating The Cies Islands Natural Park is an archipelago situated at the mouth of the Ria de Vigo (Bay de Vigo) in the South-east of Galicia. The park opens from March to September. July and August are the periods of higher activity. In those months the 800 camping places are covered, and the number of daily visitors reachs 2200. Several cruisers go daily from Vigo. In winter time the only inhabitants are the Guards of the Park. With the present project we are trying to cover, as a first step, the electrical needs of the Guard and Care Services, being left to the future the needs of the tourist sector (camping & restaurants). the installations to supply electricity, all placed on the Monte Faro island, very closed each other, are :- 2 Forest Guard family houses, – 1 residence for workers, – 1 residence for researchers, – 1 museum and information center, – 1 police house, – street lighting. The electricity is now supplied by a diesel generator of 15 kVA, which is a source of noise and pollution. With the present project that hardware is substituted by a 12 kWp PV System, a battery of 1100 Ah , and a 8kWp inverter. 3. Economic aspects : The investment costs of the PV System in comparison with those of the Diesel generator can be 10 times higher, what makes difficult to convince the owners of the advantages of a change. There is, nevertheless, some help from the side of the energy saving. 4. Monitoring: The data acquisition system includes the in-built data acquisition in the power conditioning system and a datalogger recording data from a pyranometer, temperature and humidity sensors, as well as wattmeters for each one of the supplied houses, the entire system being connected to a PC on site. This PC is communicated to a PC in the office of the technical director via a GSM data link so the installation can be controlled and monitored off site. The installation is monitored every two or three days by means of the GSM link. In addition, every few weeks an on site inspection is performed.
16835	SE./00218/95	nan	AUTONOMOUS PV IN AGRICULTURE AND WATER MANAGEMENT					1995-10-01	1999-01-31		FP4	€ 1,458,000.00	€ 583,200.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	To demonstrate the technical and economical potential of autonomous PV systems for agriculture and water management in Europe. 56 stand alone PV systems, each rated at approximately 1400 Wp, giving a total PV power for the project of 81 kWp will be demonstrated in 5 countries of the EU. The PV systems will provide power for pumping of animal drinking water, lighting, aeration of fishponds, and small scale water management for irrigation. 56 stand alone PV systems for various applications, taylored for each specific purpose. Installation shall be completed by January 1998, with a two year monitoring phase starting in January 1997. An estimated electricity production of 45000 kWh/year is expected. Subsystem applications (examples) : fish pond aeration, remote shed, greenhouse, pig sty, stables, alpe cabine, waterpumping (irrigation) Nr. subsystems : 56 Power subsystems : 1.45 kWp typically (0.5…2.0 kWp) Total power : 81 kWp Backup : fuel generators or small cogeneration plants, one wind generator Battery : different sizes Battery capacity (kWh) : 0 or 3…20 kWh Inverter : different sizes in some systems Inv. power (kW) : 0 or 1…4 kW Load description : various applications in different systems Monitoring :
16847	JOR3970152	nan	Development of a highly efficient electrochemical storage unit for PV systems					1997-03-01	2000-08-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	The work described in this proposal aims at the development of a comparatively inexpensive storage battery, the vanadium redox flow battery, which is specially adapted to stand-alone PV-systems requiring seasonal energy storage. The availability of such a battery will significantly reduce the currently high overall system cost. For seasonal energy storage, systems with high capacity are required. Classical secondary batteries, although capable of good energy efficiency in short term applications, suffer from self-discharge, limited system life and high cost. A combination of water electrolysis and fuel cells (hydrogen gas accumulator) suffers from low overall energy efficiency (=36%). Redox flow batteries offer the possibility to design a high capacity storage energy system adapted to the power of a solar home system at high overall energy efficiency (=90%). Furthermore, the cost oi the system is limited, since only the active material and a comparatively inexpensive storage tank is required to provide additional capacity. Fron all possible redox flow batteries, the all vanadium system promises the lowest technical risk in realization. Within the project, suitable materials for high performance electrodes and low cost separators will be investigated. Furthermore, manufacturing technologies for modules and batteries of size up to 5 kW/100 kWh will be developed. Modules and batteries manufactured during the program will be subjected to bench tests and system tests in an existing PV-system. Optimized layouts for solar home systems will be developed as well. The partners are ZSW, Powercell and F.F. Lda, all of which have existing laboratory and testing infrastructures and long-term experience in the field of PV-systems and electrochemical energy storage technologies. ZSW is involved in several battery development and testing programs. Particular emphasis is given to battery related materials research. Powercell has long-term experience in design and manufacturing of flow type batteries. F.F. Lda has experience in the layout of PV- and smallscale wind power systems.
16849	JOR3960107	nan	Dye sensitised nanocrystalline solar cells					1996-09-01	1998-08-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Objectives The large-scale use of photovoltaic devices for generation of electricity was considered prohibitively expensive, with generation from available commercial devices costing ten times more than conventional methods. Recently however, a dye sensitised nanocrystalline solar cell utilising low to medium purity materials and simple construction processes has been developed. The exceptional stability and low cost of the above cell, in addition to an independently verified total conversion efficiency of greater than 10.2% for a sealed device, establishes this as an important new renewable energy technology. Much of the basic and applied research necessary to achieve this level of performance has been undertaken as part of a collaborative programme funded by the Commission under Joule II (JOU2-CT93- 0356). In the present programme an expanded consortium will work closely with a number of leading European industrial concerns to ensure the rapid commercialisation of this and related spin-off technologies. Technical Approach The technical approach to be adopted will involve a very wide range of state-of-the-art basic and applied research techniques in the areas of molecular synthesis, materials science, electrochemistry and photochemistry. In addition, and in association with leading European industrial concerns, issues related to large-scale cell production, with particular emphasis on sealant technology, will be developed. Expected Achievements and Exploitation The principal objectives of the present programme are: – Improved understanding of the physics and chemistry underlying the operation of dye sensitised nanocrystalline solar cells. – Application of the above findings to achieve increased efficiency and stability for such cells. – Development of commercial prototypes in collaboration with industrial concerns. – Exploitation of spin-off technologies. The principal milestones are: – A 12% efficient dye sensitised nanocrystalline solar cell showing a 20 year life-time under accelerated testing conditions. – A 4% efficient prototype solid-state analogue showing a 2 year life-time under accelerated testing conditions.
16998	JOR3987001	nan	Innovative solar modules using the entire spectrum of the sunlight by concentration and dispersion					1998-08-01	2000-03-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302
17002	JOR3960109	nan	Bandgap engineering for Si-based solar cells					1996-07-01	1998-12-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302
17005	JOR3950023	nan	Integration of utility-scale solar thermal power plants into regional electricity supply structures					1996-01-01	1997-12-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	308
17514	IC21960001	nan	Prefeasibility study for the integration of renewable energies for electricity production in the southern mediterranean countries					1996-05-01	1997-12-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-INCO	3	The main objective of this project is to carry out prefeasability studies on the most promising renewable energy technologies that have been identified, together with the concerned countries, in the Southern Mediterranean. This is inscribed in a wider action plan for development of renewable energies in the Mediterranean, which began with the APAS project MEDENERGY, and is expected to provide strategic support for a major market deployment of RE technologies in the Mediterranean basin. National and local authorities, RDD institutions, manufacturers, utilities and users from both Northern and Southern Mediterranean countries. The Southern Mediterranean countries studied will be Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Morocco, Palestine, Tunisia and Turkey. The following technologies will be considered: – wind energy for electricity production and water desalinisation. – photovoltaics energy for stand-alone application and small grid-connectedplants. – biomass fueled power plants. – solar thermal power plants, considering both solar tower and parabolic troughoptions. For each particular case, a basic engineering of a prototype plant will be described, including the techno-economic features. The main industrial base in each country will be evaluated to identify the national capabilities for manufacturing components and equipments. Optimal sites will be selected. The socio-economic and environmental costs and benefits of renewable energies will be considered, including job creation ; opportunities, and emissions reductions. The institutional framework of each country will be taken into account. Finally, alternatives for financing the selected technologies in each country will be analyzed, along with the existing capabilities in the European Union members to complement the gaps in the industrial production in the selected countries. Specific financing schemes will be studied to promote joint ventures between European and Southern Mediterranean utilities for developing renewable energies power plants. The main tasks of the project will be: Task 1. Selection of appropriate sites and technologies given the local context Task 2. Analysis of the Southern Mediterranean institutional frameworkregarding electricity production. Task 3. Basic engineering and techno-economic studies for RE plants, includingnetwork integration Task 4. Local industrial capabilities in each country for manufacturing plants,and technology transfer Task 5. Social and economic impact Task 6. Environmental aspects Task 7. Development of financial schemes
17887	JOR3970147	nan	Dye photovoltaic cells for indoor applications					1997-05-01	1999-04-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Summary The aim of this proposal is the technological development of dye photovoltaic cells, recently invented by the Swiss Institute of Technology (EPFL), from today’s laboratory stage to highly reliable and reproducible products and to become producible by an industrially feasible manufacturing process. Dye PV cells will be optimized for indoor applications where laboratory cells have already shown promising I-V and stability performance. Through such applications, this new thin-film PV technology may be introduced to the market place even before the turn of the century, create new jobs in Europe and, ultimately, smooth the way for the technically more demanding outdoor applications. The high economical and ecological interest of such an approach relies on the increasing importance of stand-alone indoor power systems with a market portential in the order of 1 billion modules per year and the replacement of non-rechargeable batteries by a more sustainable technology. The new PV technology will directly challenge the Japanese domination in the field of amorphous silicon cells. Specifically, dye PV cells will be designed for the fast growing market of electronic price labels in retail stores that fulfil the specifications of the end user with regard to power/size ratio, costs and mechanical requirements. Dye PV cells have the potential to offer more than twice the power output of commercial amorphous silicon cells of a given size and to be produced at relatively low costs. The calculation of cost prices of industrially produced raw materials and dye PV cell manufacturing will be a principle objective for the industrial partners. A pilot line for assembling up to 1 mio. PV modules (ca. 2.5 V) per year will be designed, allowing for a complete estimation of production costs. In order to achieve the goals of the present proposal within the planned 24 months, a consortium of academic (EPFL, University of Uppsala) and institutional R&D laboratories (ECN, IVF), a large chemical manufacturer (DSM)t a specialist on glass/polymer and other polymer film based compounds (L.P.M.), a manufacturer of electrochemical storage devices (Leclanche) and an and user (Pricer) producing electronic price labels have joined forces. The RTD programme is subdivided in nine well-defined tasks, including PV cell specification, first prototype preparation, optimization for the end user’s requirements, characterization, final cell preparation to ultimately the design of a pilot production line and testing of the final dye PV cells in two retail stores.
18393	JOR3980224	nan	AC-Batteries – Prototyping and testing of a flexible energy storage for stand-alone pv systems					1998-10-01	2001-09-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3080101	Project summary The objectives of the project are to design, build and test a novel battery concept for the storage of electrical energy in stand-alone PV systems: the AC battery. The proposed AC battery unit is composed of a conventional DC lead acid battery and a bi-directional inverter for charging and discharging at 230 VAC. The unit will include additional control and communication functions for enhanced battery management. Modular structuring of a stand-alone PV system (SAPV) on the basis of ACbatteries and AC-modules will have a number of significant advantages for the system design procedure, the system installation as well as the maintenance of the system. The most notable advantages of the AC-battery concept will be: – straightforward installation; – highly flexible expandability; – enhancement in battery lifetime; – improved reliability of the system. Furthermore, because of the 230 V interface the AC battery concept can have a strong impact on user acceptation for electrification by stand-alone PV. The balance of system costs for an AC battery system have to be competitive with those for a conventional stand-alone PV systems of similar performance. Additionally, accordingly to the improvement in battery life the AC battery concept will have a positive effect on the environmental balance of SAPV The research will start with the development of a programme of requirements and design specifications by the participants, on basis of their respective competency and know-how. This includes identification of the relevant productmarket combinations, consumer demands, as well as technical requirements. These design specifications will be the input for the technical development of a prototype. In parallel with the development of the first prototypes test procedures for the evaluation of these units will be designed. 2 prototypes will be manufactured, tested at the partners facilities and optimised for the field test. After successful testing, about 50 prototypes will be manufactured for testing in 5 pilot systems. The pilot systems will be closely monitored for about one and a half year. Monitoring results and data-analysis as well as user response will be evaluated. Conclusions will be drawn with respect to the overall performance of the AC battery concept. Specific suggestions for improvements and considerations for future industrial design will be made. The result of the project will be a strong basis for a new industrial product. It is anticipated that the results will point towards further improvements and optimisation of the AC battery. After the end of the project a foreseeable period of one year of additional development and industrial design will be needed to create a fully reliable, user-friendly and market-ready product.
18504	JOR3980233	nan	Silicon thin film on industrial ceramic substrates					1998-10-01	2001-09-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020101	Objectives of the project Crystalline silicon has a number of advantages as high abundance, availability in high purity, high conversion efficiencies, stability, well developed technology and environmental safety. On other respects, thin film PV cells offer the perspective of low cost material and energy consumption as well as relative ease of large scale production. Therefore, a combination of the benefits of both technologies: crystalline silicon and thin film seems to be very attractive. This project has two main objectives: – to develop an adequate industrial ceramic substrate for silicon deposition at high temperature; – to make PV cells on these substrates and PV modules. Technical approach Task 1 focuses on the development of economical ceramic substrates compatible with crystalline silicon thin film deposition at high temperatures. Task 2 optimises the silicon deposition processes in terms of growth rate, grains size and electronic transport properties on adequate ceramic substrates. Task 3 studies and implements a PV cell process in the silicon layers grown on the ceramic substrates. Task 4 investigates a cost effective process to fabricate modules using the silicon thin film based cells. Expected achievements and exploitation Technically, the goal is to demonstrate that silicon thin film PV cells can be produced on lowcost ceramic substrates with a good conversion efficiency. Results are expected on several parts: – Elaboration of adequate ceramic substrates for PV technology; – Formation of high quality silicon thin films; – Solutions for the best electrical contacts for cells and inter-connections of modules.
18582	IN10357I	TOCAP SOUTH	TRANSFER OF COMPUTERISED AGRO PREWARNING SYSTEMS TO THE SOUTH EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT					nan	nan		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-INNOVATION	1.5	Based on detailed Microclimate Data collection, computerised pre-warning systems have been developed which ensure efficient and ecologically sound crop protection. Solar powered radio weather stations collect microclimate data and transfer it to a receiver. Each station can transmit and receive within a radius of up to 20 km so that large radio networks can be erected quickly and economically. The transferred data includes typically relative humidity, temperature, precipitation and leaf wetness. Optionally wind speed and direction, soil moisture and temperature, air pressure and further meteorological sensors can be integrated. The individual micro climate conditions are transmitted (every 15 min.) to a central data base for evaluation and analysis. Using this Database agricultural expert systems have been developed to allow early detection of crop diseases. The systems are based on microclimate conditions and take into account growth rates, crop treatment and environmental conditions. Potential diseases are thus detected early allowing focused usage of crop protection. Expert systems are now available for wine, fruit, potato and sugarbeet. Reference networks exist in the German speaking countries and Scandinavia. The aim of the TOCAP project was to adapt the expert systems to crops (fruits, vegetables, etc.) and diseases of southern European countries. In order to achieve this goal medium sized test networks with solar-radio weather stations were installed in Italy and Spain. Prototype networks were specified by the end users, which typically were larger agricultural companies, associations, co-operatives and local government. Once the environmental data had been analysed new expert systems were adapted to the requirements of southern European crops and implemented through local partners. Users can then utilise the advantages of a focused plant protection program for the benefit of production quality and quantity within an ecologically sound environment.
18654	JOR3987032	nan	Development of a cost effective solar water heating metering system					1998-12-01	2000-11-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	303	AIM The aim of the project is to develop a low cost effective heat meter to me asure the energy delivered in the form of hot water from Solar Water Heating (S WH) systems ready for effective commercial exploitation by the project team. Th e development of this hardware is a key part of the promotion of buy as you us e , where the customer only pays for delivered energy thus avoiding the disince ntive of high capital costs for SWH systems. This technique is being promoted i n a Thermie B proposal Solar Results Purchasing submitted by members of this team. TECHNICAL OBJECTIVES – To design and develop a reliable heat meter su fficiently accurate to enable consumer billing for the energy content of delive red hot water from SWH systems – To limit the retail price of the meter part o f a SWH system to 1 50ECU to make SWH buy as you use competitive – To develo p high quality novel technologies and optimise existing heat measurement techni ques by utilising state of the art micro-controllers. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL OB JECTIVES The capital cost of SWH is widely accepted as one of the major barrie rs to wider scale uptake of the technology, and is a constraint to three of the SME’s in the partnership. The principal Economic and Social Objectives are: – Enable an addittional 10% increase in the uptake of SWH in the world market wi thin 5 years – Increase use of SWH in disadvantaged areas of Europe – Increas e the market share of the collaborating SMEs – Improvement of European market share of SWH through world – wide marketing by facilitating by as you use tec hniques – Increase the contribution of SWH to the EU target for energy provisi on from renewable resources – Promote further collaborative research within Eu rope to improve SWH technology – Promote a standardised pan European approach for this technology DISSEMINATION PATHWAYS – Participating SME’s promotiona l literature – Articles in industry and scientific journals – European semina rs, workshops and conferences – Promotion and dissemination through related pr ojects
18670	JOR3980221	IMPROVESTORE	Improvement of the storage process of electricity in remote photovoltaic installations					1999-01-01	2001-12-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3080101	Objectives The goal of the project is to develop a new type of battery adapted to photovoltaic equipment. A programme of 12 stand-alone PV stations will be set up to be tested in all types of climate and site in order to asess the expected reliability and sustainability of such batteries. The goals of the study are: – to develop a new type of battery characterised by a Low life cycle cost and a long lifetime ( 20 years); – to reduce significantly the usual maintenance of the battery; – to improve the environmental impact by reducing the amount of lead-acid batteries which are not recycled. Technical approach The main problem relating to the lead-acid battery currently used for photovoltaic applications is the difficulty to overcome the problem of positive electrode corrosion which is strongly linked to the overcharge period encountered in the photovoltaic applications. Two alternatives will be explored – the air electrode and the carbon electrode; and the one found to be most suitable will be selected for the prototypes. In the lead-air system, a third electrode will be used for the recharge periods and the air electrode will be associated with a protonic membrane (according to the PEM-FC technology). Two concepts will be studied leading to a vented lead-air system or a totally sealed battery. The latter will be a maintenance free battery. Concerning the second solution to be evaluated, i.e. the replacement of the positive lead electrode by a carbon electrode, a long life and a good reliability are expected, the positive electrode being, in that particular case, a pure capacitive component. Expected achievements and exploitation Twelve prototypes of battery will be built and tested in real operating conditions. The expected characteristics for the new type of battery are: – a cost in the range of 300 to 350 EURO/kWh – a life cycle higher than 300 cycles at a 100 % dod – a life time in the range of 10 to 20 years. The consortium includes a battery manufacturer for the industrialisation of the developed battery and 3PV industrialists to exploit the new battery.
18788	JOR3987008	nan	Energy saving pv-inverter with full digital pulse width modulation control					1998-12-01	2000-11-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Using PV electrical power, demands for most applications a transformation of th e DC-energy source into a more conventional 230V AC output form. For PV-systems operating in a grid connected installation the presence of a DC/AC inverter is evidently a necessity. The inverter must not only operate with a very high eff iciency and being very reliable, but must also have a reasonable price. Howe ver, due to the relative low production quantities of PV-inverters, the develop ment cost per inverter unit is rather important. Especially for relative low po wer (1-2kW) installations, the cost of the inverter takes an important part in the total PV-installation budget. To produce inverters with lower prices, not o nly development cost has to come down, but also an important reduction of the c omponent count is necessary and this without affecting the efficiency. This proposal is written as a result of combining two successful judged Exploratory Awards, both in the photovoltaic inverter domain. The first Award describes a way to cut down the cost of a photovoltaic inverter by replacing the PWM cont rol and the feed-back loop by a full digital circuit having a minimum component count. The second Award proposes a very high efficiency inverter based on the well known stair step topology, but extended with one PWM (pulse width modulati on) stage. By replacing the hard switch of one cell by a PWM stage, that swit ches more smoothly, the output distortion due to the steps in the wave form can be eliminated. The aim of this proposal is to develop and apply the proposed P WM principle of the first Award on the topology of the second Award, resulting in an inverter technique that has both advantages: low cost and high efficiency . Inverters often use PWM to convert the energy. Controlling the PWM is perf ormed by combination of analogue and digital circuits, implementing feed-back l oops to assure the desired inverter sine wave output current and to track the P V-panel in its maximum power point (MPP). When all digital and analogue circ uitry could be replaced by one digital control unit generating directly the PWM control signal in real time, the component count of the inverter control part could be drastically go down. Until now, however, the algorithm is too complex (3th order system) to calculate in real time by limited pieces of electronics.
18792	JOR3970161	nan	Investigation for a quicker assessment of lifetime and other characteristics of batteries					1997-06-01	1999-11-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Stand-alone PV systems with battery storage represent the largest market share and will continue to be the most important type of PV applications in the next decade. How could the cost of such systems be decreased and their reliability be further increased ? This proposal aims at giving some answers to this problem. The battery is the component which most strongly influences the cost and reliability of a P.v system A cost-analysis of installed PV systems is helpful in order to highlight the relative importance of each component of the installation. Considering the initial investment cost, the modules represent the first part of the cost and the battery the second part, almost at the same level for the smaller installations, in the range of 25 to 30 %. But considering the total costs over the lifetime of the systems, therefore including the replacement of the failed components such as lights or batteries, the relative cost of the modules decreases as they are usually supposed to last 15 or 20 years, and batteries, which may have to be replaced 2 to 4 times, become the major cost, in the range of 30 to 45 %. An analysis of the failures of PV installations also shows that batteries play a leading role as a source of problems. All these observations result from field experience on large programmes. The characteristics of the batteries are very different from one model to another, even within the same category of batteries. Observations at the laboratory level show that batteries are the only component of which the main characteristics (efficiencies and lifetime) are variable, rarely mentionned by the manufacturer and often not known by the system installer. Even among batteries of the same type (automotive, stand-by or traction) but coming from different manufacturers, tests have shown significant variations in the performance: the efficiency may be measured at 75 or 85 %, and the lifetime may be doubled. Such ‘unknown’ variations are unacceptable for the PV system designer or the end-user. The normal solution would consist in initially testing the batteries in order to determine their long-term characteristics regarding the specificities of PV installations: energy efficiency and evolution, yearly capacity decrease, long lifetime. But the main difficulty is in fact in the possibility of rapidly quantifying long-term evolutions. An additional difficulty is due to the different operating conditions between conventional battery systems (automotive, UPS, electric vehicles) and photovoltaic batteries, in other words batteries used in photovoltaic systems o. PV batteries are the only ones to encounter large temperature variations, prolonged periods at low states of charge, stratification of the electrolyte, short periods of overcharge. Therefore, research and development in other fields of applications are not directly usable. To address these problems, the main objective of this project is to allow the wisest possible selection of the most appropriate batteries for PV use, by developing appropriate test methods. One of the remarkable points of this proposal is the high involvement level of a major European industrial partner in a relatively fundamental research subject.
18850	JOE3987045	nan	Design of a solar driven cooling unit based on the diffusion absorption principle					1999-04-01	2001-03-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	201	To cover the increasing cooling demand, worldwide research efforts are being ma de for developing environmentally friendly energy saving alternatives to common ly used electrically powered compression cooling units. Thermal driven absorpti on cooling aggregates using ozon friendly working fluids are recognized as an a lternative to the compression cooling technology using Chloro-fluoro-carbon (CF C) containing refrigerants. Absorption cooling units driven by a thermal solar system can substitute environmental hazardous substances (CFCs; Ozon Layer) as well as save energy (CO2; Greenhouse Effect). Up to now, no cooling units are a vailable for the small and medium cooling performance range (2-50 kW) that can be solar thermally powered without technical or economical restrictions. Dir ectly gas powered NH3/H2O diffusion absorption cooling units are known from the refrigerator field (0,1-0,2 kW) to be inexpensive, long lasting and free of ma intenance aggregates. It’s the objective of the project to further develop a di ffusion absorption cooling unit to an indirectly heated, solar driven cooling u nit with 2,5 kW cooling performance. Furthermore, the appropriate system techno logy such as solar-, cold distribution- and controlling system will be designed . The envisaged developments require outstanding know-how of the participating small and medium sized enterprisis (SME) and research and technical development (RTD) performers. The technical risks are high, but well considered. The solar powered diffusion absorption units can be used for residential, industrial and for food cooling applications and will improve living- and working conditions, food quality and supply, especially in less developed countries. Besides as a solar driven cooling unit, the aggregate can also be used as an environmentally friendly heat pump. The development of a solar driven cooling unit based on the diffusion absorption principle will have favourable economical effects for the SMEs of the core group and other European SMEs in the cooling- and solar t echnology sector. A product will be developed for an increasing market, especia lly in southern Europe and other areas, where high solar radiation meets high c ooling demand. It will enable the European solar- and cooling industry to be ah ead of Asian and US competitors referring to know-how and marketable products i n the field of solar cooling technology. Through joint research and developm ent the SME-core group will establish a basis for further cooperation on the Eu ropean level. After a six months demonstration phase and development to a seria l product, the core group plans to market the unit and a solar cooling set in l arge scale. A return on investment of one year is expected following implementa tion of commercial exploitation.
18889	IC18960099	nan	Waste water recycling supplied by renewable energies in the near east					1996-10-01	1998-07-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-INCO	3010102	The main objectives are as follows: * To identify the potential for the employment of renewable energies for waste water treatment. * To work out the technical problems of purification plants supplied with renewable energies depending on: the waste water amount and pollution, the demand of water for reuse, the present state in energy supply, the potential of the renewable energies (especially solar and wind energy). This includes the design of an optimal energy management for these systems. * To determine the environmental and socio-economic impacts resulting from waste water treatment including water reuse and a power supply with renewable energies. With a cost benefit analysis it will be possible to compare the external costs of conventional systems and the systems proposed in this project. * To analyse these objectives in detail for the Near East region and to give criteria for the transfer of the proposed systems to the West Mediterranean region where similar problems exist. Expected Outcome The essential result of this project will be the criteria for the installation of purification plants supplied by renewable energies. With these criteria it should be possible to decide which are the optimal conditions for an installation of these systems taking into consideration : the situation on waste water amount and pollution, the water demand for irrigation, the energy supply and the potential of renewable energies. The results are of direct use in the Near East region but also a concept will be made on how to use the results in the West Mediterranean region. The key activities envisaged are: * Analysis of the amount and pollution of waste water, the existing situation in waste water treatment and the demand of water for drinking and irrigation including the future development. * Analysis of the present state in energy supply for municipal and rural areas including future plans and determination of the potential of solar and wind energy. * Work out of purification methods taking into consideration the waste water amount and pollution and the water demand for irrigation. * Adaptation of these purification plants to the renewable energy supply. * Determination of sites where these purification plants are feasible. * Consideration of environmental and socio-economic impacts and cost benefit analysis for purification plants supplied by renewable energies. * Work out of criteria for the installation of purification plants in the Near East. * Concepts for consultation of local and national authorities and for the transfer to the West Mediterranean countries.
18926	JOE3987006	nan	Development of an autonomous solar thermally driven distillation system					1998-12-01	2000-11-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	202	The proposed project regards the implementation of a prototype autonomous syste m for producing fresh water by desalting seawater. The system is thermally driv en and uses collectors and a heat exchanger for water heating. The whole therma l procedure is done under vacuum, thus increasing the system efficiency. Pumps, vacuum pump lighting and other electricity consumptions are powered by photovo ltaics. The RTD goals are: -The efficient use of solar collectors (type of col lectors, heating fluid etc.) for producing the heat for heating and evaporating the sea or brackish water. -Design and manufacturing of the water vapour cond ensation surface. -Design and manufacturing of the heat exchanger for heating the sea or brackish water. -Determine the right size of photovoltaics to power all auxiliary equipment. -Optimisation of the whole system performance through field-testing. The proposed work is considered to be pre-competitive for th e following reasons: -Research is needed to determine the type of materials to be used in all system components. -Research is needed to determine the size o f the system components and also accomplish the whole system performance optimi sation. -Further work will be needed after project completion before product m arketing. In particular: Field trials will have to confirm system performance t hat is, a prototype installation must be undertaken in a remote coastal area to study and test the system. The innovative proposed desalination method has been accepted as patent. One prototype system will be installed at Megisti isla nd, Aegean sea, Greece. The system will consist of about 200 m2 solar collector s, 7.5 kWp photovoltaic array and 1000 Ah battery storage. The electrical sub-s ystem operation voltage will be 60 V.
18966	JOR3987040	nan	Highly integrated pv / thermal / structural building components					1999-01-01	2000-06-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Overall project technical objectives can be summarised as follows: Integration of PV cells into the Termoshield: This makes it possible to reduce the operation temperature of the cell thus increasing the operational life, particularly in relation to the thermal stress of the mechanical structure of the cells; the Thermoshield allows the circulation of appropriate fluids around the PV cells, collecting the infrared radiation, thus improving the efficiency of the cell and collecting heat like a traditional solar-thermal element. Two kinds of PV cells have been considered: – Dye photo-sensitised cells – dye cells represent the optimal solution in the medium term; the coupling of the Thermoshield device with a dye cells has the potential to overcome some of the existing limits of the dye cells technology, specifically: – allow to operate the device at a substantially constant temperature so as to minimise mechanical and electrical problems (leakage or solvent evaporation through the sealing between the two glass sheets; increase of internal resistance with increasing electrolyte viscosity at low temperatures); – increase the energy utilisation efficiency by performing, in addition to conversion of visible light into electricity, storage and exchange of the heat produced by the near infrared and infrared portion of solar emission. Research on dye cells will focus specifically on reducing the intrinsic resistance of the glass sheets by using a metal grid inside the cell, to be adequately protected by the attack of the liquid iodine based electrolyte placed between the two coated plates and to peripherally seal the cell in a way that guarantees the sealing while having enough mechanical rigidity and also offering long term stability; wide experience is owned by scientific proposers in the field; – Silicon cells – this solution can be effective in the short term, thanks to the common availability of Si cells (amorphous and crystalline); the coupling of Si cells with the Thermoshield device is able to provide a stabilisation of cells efficiency and an increase of operational life; very low manufacturing costs can be assured for a-Si cells and therefore easy coverage of wide surfaces. 1. DYSC cells – Metallic grids- high conductivity glass sheets have been produced, thanks to the insertion of silver conductive fingers by screen printing, a current increase by a factor 7.5 respect to a cell without fingers and with the same active area has been achieved. Insulation of metallic conductors – an ad hoc glass paste has been deposited on metallic conductors by precision screen printing, achieving full, reliable insulation from the aggressive liquid electrolyte. Sensitisers – laboratory studies have been conducted in order to optimise sensitizers of nanocrystalline wide band-gap semiconductors – Peripheral cell sealing – polymeric seals have been produced, whose durability has been sufficient to perform laboratory tests and provide final prototypes, but not enough for a stable long-term operation. Prototyping A 20×20 cm dye sensitive cell has been produced, with glass protected Ag fingers and polymeric peripheral sealing 2. TPVS prototyping: – Design and general arrangements of a large area TPVS device integrating Thermal Shields and PV silicon cells are available; – A portable demonstrator of the TPVS concept has been built and tested by CEA/GENEC during 7 months; – A PV/thermal roof of 100 m2 roof has been completed; – A two glass-sheets transparent TPVS system has been prototype. The Thermo PhotoVoltaic System (TPVS) is an innovative co-generation solar device that makes it possible to convert solar energy into thermal energy and electric energy at the same time using a single integrated system. The TPVS is formed by the coupling of: 1. PV modules capable of collecting the visible spectrum of the light; these can be modules based on any commercial technology; 2. The ThermoShield, an innovative patented solar thermal system that collects the infrared side of the spectrum, cools the PV cell and makes the heat available for the thermal control of the building; The ThermoShield is made of Aluminium panels, behaving like a ‘living’ skin surrounding the building, where a special liquid flows, capturing heat, storing in an insulated tank and making it available for heat control of the living environment; 3. Structural building elements (like panels or tiles); the system has been designed to withstand a structural function, being for instance the covering roof or the walls of a building. The TPV provides allows to reduce the operation temperature of the PV cell thus increasing the operational life, particularly in relation to the thermal stress of the mechanical structure of the cells. In fact, the ThermoShield makes possible the circulation of appropriate fluids beyond the PV cells, thus improving the efficiency of the cell and collecting heat like a traditional solar-thermal element.
19045	JOR3987014	3S	Sistema de Supervision Solar					1999-02-01	2001-01-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	303	Over the last few years, the thermal solar market, principally for supplying do mestic hot water, has grown considerably. However, there has been very little p rogress in the performance of the system controls and monitoring equipment. A small number of measurement points can provide sufficient information for man aging a complete domestic hot water system (including both the solar and the au xiliary energy supply), verifying the working order and the performance, as wel l as detecting eventual anomalies and determining the cause. The system cont rol and monitoring equipment that is used at present, particularly for installa tions with Guaranteed Solar Results (GRS), is limited in scope: the control and monitoring functions are separated, the auxiliary heating supply is controlled independently with respect to the solar part of the installation, an exclusive telephone line is required, both the cost of the equipment and the running cos ts are high, … The present project concerns the development of an advanced control and monitoring system capable of performing the following basic functi ons: – managing both the solar and the auxiliary energy parts of the installat ion at the same time, adapting the energy supply to the needs with respect to t he hot water consumption and the solar energy available; – monitoring the work ing order of the complete domestic hot water system, detecting and signalling a nomalies very quickly, supplying the user with basic information concerning the installation (present state, daily and monthly balance sheets, graphic display , …); – reducing the cost of monitoring the installation, with respect to bo th the investment (lowering the cost of the equipment, eliminating duplicated c omponents, …) and running costs (data transmission by Internet, automatic dat a processing, …). This new system will make it possible to monitor an inst allation permanently throughout it’s lifetime, improve the service offered and lead the way to new financing methods and energy sales.
19060	JOR3987009	nan	Development of low electricity consumption water purification plants using renewable energy					1999-01-01	2001-04-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	301	In Europe rural and remote areas, the problems of drinking water quality are st ill existing. It is possible to estimate that many thousands of sites are conce rned; most of them are in southerr Europe (a thousand in Italy, several hundred s in France, several thousands in Spain…), but other countries are involved ( Ireland, Finland…). Many hundreds thousand of permanent residents are concern ed, as well as an important seasonal population. The world-wide need is much la rger (more than 1 billion people have not access to the drinking water, almost 2 billion people are no connected to an electric grid). The development of l ow electricity consumption water purification plants using renewable energie. a nd UV processing is a solution adapted to this context in rural and stand-alone sites. The sterilization by UV treatment presents different advantages with re gard to the other treatmen processes: – a drinking water without taste of chem ical products, as solicited by the customers; – a drinking water without by-pr oducts, potentially harmful for the users health; – the extreme simplicity of the technique, with reduced maintenance and low exploitation costs. This res earch programme will allow to decrease the UV treatment energy consumption, in order to adapt the processing to renewable energies. The principal aims are to improve higher outflov disinfection systems and to optimize continuous control of all parameters related to the UV sterilizing devices efficacy. As part of a European Joule programme, the integration of the renewable energies in UV wa te processing will be studied in two ways: – development of pico-hydroelectric system adapted to UV treatment – development of a stand-alone PV-UV plant. To reach these objectives, different work packages have been defined: developm ent of a lov energy consumption UV-purifier, design of a PV system for the UV p urifier, design of Picohydroelectric system for the UV-purifier and realization and tests of prototype systems. To perform this project, six proposers and two RTD performers will collaborate, each one specialized in a specific subject and working in the different concerned activities sectors.
19093	JOR3980277	DISS	Direct solar steam – phase II					1998-12-01	2001-08-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3080103	Objectives The objectives of this project are : 1. Experimental investigation of the Direct Steam Generation (DSG) process under real solar conditions, using the test facility implemented at the PSA during DISS-phase I (contract JOR3-CT95-0058). The three DSG processes (i.e. Once-through, Re-circulation and Injection) will be experimentally studied to determine the operational limits, temperature gradients and process controllability under real working conditions. Test results gathered at the PSA would be evaluated and thermo-hydraulic aspects of the DSG process will be investigated. 2. Definition of the more promising concepts for a DSG commercial power plant. Integration of a DSG process into both Combined Cycle and SEGS-like plants will be studied and different options will be compared to find the best one. 3. Development and testing of improved components for parabolic trough collectors. Reinforced mirrors for parabolic trough collectors will be developed and tested. Also a prototype of absorber pipe with secondary concentrator will be manufactured and tested. 4. The need of a second row of collectors at the PSA DISS test facility will be analyzed from both technical and commercial standpoints. Cost-based analysis will be considered also. Technical approach The three DSG processes have shown a high potential to reduce the cost of the electricity generated with parabolic trough collectors; however, there are still a number of technical questions to be fully investigated making use of the life-size test facility implemented at the PSA during DISS-phase I. Experimental data gathered during the tests will be used to validate the simulation results obtained with the computer programs available. Start-up and shutdown procedures for a solar power plant with DSG will be defined and experimentally evaluated at the PSA in order to define the best procedures for a commercial plant. The knowledge to be acquired in the project will be then applied to define the configuration of a first commercial plant with DSG. In parallel with the DSG tests at the PSA, improved components for parabolic trough collectors will be developed. So, mirrors reinforced to withstand high wind loads and secondary concentrators for absorber pipes will be manufactured and evaluated under solar conditions. Expected achievements and exploitation The three DSG processes will be experimentally compared and their advantages and disadvantages to be implemented at a commercial solar power plant will be evaluated. Experimental study of operational characteristics will allow definition of operation strategies for a commercial DSG plant, thus leading to the choice of a proper system configuration for a demonstration plant. Development of improved components for parabolic trough collectors will reduce the price of the electricity produced with this type of solar collectors, for both HTF (Heat Transfer Fluid) or DSG technology.
19126	BRPR980718	TASMANIA	High temperature shape memory alloys and actuators for industrial applications					1998-09-01	2001-08-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-BRITE/EURAM 3	201	Objectives and content Elements made from shape memory alloys have been used to perform the role of an actuator in many commercial applications such as valves, relays, safety and positioning devices. Shape memory has found its way in these applications either because it is the only way to solve the problem or it provides, among many advantages, a simpler and less costly alternative. The market for shape memory solutions to industrial applications is limited today, however, due to the unavailability of commercial shape memory alloys that can provide stable and reliable transformation and shape recovery characteristics in the temperature range 120-200 C. This is the temperature range demanded by high volume applications pertaining to the European industries, in particular automotive and electrotechnical industries. Recent findings have shown that this situation can be definitely remedied and the barrier overcome, provided the development of two alloys, Cu-Al-Ni and Ni-Ti-Hf, with the potential to satisfy the application requirements is completed. This alloy development is a major objective of this project. Further, to demonstrate the use and the market for such high temperature shape memory material, the project will develop systems incorporating the produced material and required by the partners in this project representing the automotive, electrotechnical and energy sectors of the industry respectively. Specifically, high temperature shape memory elements will be used in developing a head lamp levelling system for automobiles circuit breakers for the household and car battery disconnect systems and temperature limiting device for a vacuum tube solar collector. The marketing potential for these applications ranges from immediate to within 3 years of completion of this project. Each system will be tested by the respective industrial partner, to evaluate the performance of the newly developed high temperature shape memory alloys and the product development and cost benefits. It is to be emphasised that the present proposal was initiated at the instance of the end users of the project with diversified core business activities.
19154	JOR3961005	nan	CPC collector for high temperatures					1996-12-19	1997-05-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3	Solar production of process heat in the temperature range of up to 150 C holds a very high potential to substitute high amounts of fossil energy. Many projects in solar building climatisation or solar water desalination are currently under evaluation. In these projects, the up to now only available solar collectors suitable for the desired high temperatures are vacuum tube collectors. However, there is a range of possibilities to improve the efficiency of flat plate collectors, avoiding the expensive vacuum technology: – concentration of the radiation using CPC mirrors – convection barriers – highly selective coatings – inert gas filling – low pressure filling First approximations show that a combination of these technics yields efficiencies for non-vacuum solar collectors higher than 50 % for temperatures up to 150 C. In the proposed project, the effects of these improvements will be evaluated. The aim is to develop a high temperature solar collector that allows lower production costs than evacuated solar collectors. Solar production of process heat in the temperature range of up to 150 C holds a very high potential to substitute high amounts of fossil energy. Many projects in solar building climatisation or solar water desalination are currently under evaluation. In these projects, the up to now only available solar collectors suitable for the desired high temperatures are vacuum tube collectors. However, there is a range of possibilities to improve the efficiency of flat plate collectors, avoiding the expensive vacuum technology: – concentration of the radiation using CPC mirrors – convection barriers – highly selective coatings – inert gas filling – low pressure filling First approximations show that a combination of these technics yields efficiencies for non-vacuum solar collectors higher than 50 % for temperatures up to 150 C. In the proposed project, the effects of these improvements will be evaluated. The aim is to develop a high temperature solar collector that allows lower production costs than evacuated solar collectors.
19171	FMBI961696	nan	Thermal and kinetic analysis of heat storage hydrates					nan	nan		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-TMR	303	It has been shown theoretically and experimentally that cooling system operated by solar energy is technically feasible. Such systems find a special interest in subtropical and equatorial regions where solar cooling could be the most widely used | application of solar energy. | Many efforts are done to get the best system allowing easy installation and low financial invests. Among the suitable systems, | those using phase change materials such as hydrated salts, with low-temperature heat. are very promising. Such materials | form an important class of heat storage substances due to their high volumetric latent storage density. We propose to study the storage behavior of such storage materials by thermal and kinetic analysis. The thermal characteristics of the hydrated salts such as CaC12/6H20, Na2S04/lOH20, Na2HP04/12H20 will be determined using calorimetric methods. The kinetic analysis will be performed by the aid of the thermogravemetric method. Training content (objective, benefit and expected impact) The installation of a recent calorimetric method may provide interesting thermophysical properties of such systems. The kinetic parameters associated with the loss of water of crystallization during heating cycles could be obtained using integrated methods. Links with industry / industrial relevance (22) he am of such a study is to determine the storage efficiency of such materials in view to their use in solar cooling systems
19198	JOR3987021	ALERT PV	Appliances for Reduced Life cycle cost for Electrification of Rural Areas through stand alone pv systems					1998-12-01	2000-11-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	301	Basic power needs in villages and rural settings, is currently the fastest grow ing market for PV applications, at a rate above 20% per year, shared between hi ghly engineered (and expensive) products and locally engineered PV systems. Bey ond the issue of the initial investment cost, achieving large scale market pene tration also implies reducing system cost over the system lifetime by ensuring availability of reliable and appropriate Balance of System Components (BOS: bat teries, charge controllers, small inverters and the appliances themselves) whic h generally represent at least 80% of system cost over its lifetime. The con cept of the ALERT consortium is: – to develop an improved charge controller us ing the CMS technology with a micro controller, that can sustain charge – disch arge patterns of poor quality batteries, and is in a box which is user friendly for dwellers of remote rural areas and tamper proof. With this product, the SM E coordinator expects to multiply his market penetration (from 2000 to 10 000 u nits / year); – to specify an electronic ballast: the target price is ECU 15. There are no products currently available on the market and specially designed for PV applications. Products available vary between ECU 20 and ECU 40; – to s pecify a small inverter ( 100 to 200 W) suited to the daily needs of small scal e PV systems in remote rural areas. The only products available are designed fo r occasional use with, as a consequence, a very low life duration if used on a daily basis; – to develop a franchised package comprising: equipment for local assembly of small 10 W PV modules that can be produced in a small workshop, wi th an investment cost less than ECU 20 000 which can be franchised to developin g country entrepreneurs. The project complies with the scope and objectives of the programme by reinforcing the costeffectiveness and the overall quality o f service which renewable energy technologies can provide to end users. It will also contribute to meet the basic electric power needs in village and rural se ttings. The consortium, comprising two UK and two French SMEs of which two a re system integrators and manufacturers and two engineering firms with strong p artnerships in developing countries have the capability of moving the products developed in collaboration with a specialised German institute from the prototy pe stage to market testing and full scale industrialisation and commercialisati on. The project is thus divided in 4 Workpackages: 1. Technical Analysis of Balance of systems components suited for small scale PV systems in remote rur al settings 2. Testing and analysis of the above 3 BOS components and 10W modu les 3. Product development fof charge controllers and 10W modules 4. Field te sting and commercialisation strategy.
19203	FAIR983807	LAGAR	Water recovery from olive mill wastewaters after photocatalytic detoxification and desinfection					1998-09-01	2001-02-28		FP4	€ 931,520.00	€ 577,760.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-FAIR	1.1	The olive oil production is a large scale agricultural activity of the southern regions with very strong economical significance. During olive oil production, waste waters are generated (OMW) giving place to a serious environmental prsblem due to the presence of recalcitrant compounds with biostatic and toxic action. The objective of this project is the development and application of a photochemical detoxification technology for the mineralisation of the recalcitrant contaminants of OMW, allowing the water recovery and reuse for agricultural or industrial purposes. The basic idea of the project is that Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP), like Photo Fenton type reactions and tio2 photocatalyzed degradation processes, can be used as treatment methods for OMW, using solar irradiation captured by simple, inexpensive and efficient non concentrating solar collector technology, which seems to be the best technological solution to Solar Detoxification Systems. In fact, initial photocatalytic experiments, at engineering scale, to prove the feasibility of the solar water detoxification systems have already been done at basic research level, with promising results. However, an industrial and extensive research on photocatalytic degradation of olive mill wastewaters and the application of sunlight has not been performed yet. So, we propose in this project the development of the following main tasks: . To study the influence of the main parameters involved in the photocatalytic process (reactants, concentrations, reaction rates, irradiation levels, etc.) . To develop the specific technology components not yet available, optimized to the application that is the target of the project. . To test these different reactors (4) to detect the possible improvements and to select the best available technology. . To install the selected reactor prototype in a small pilot plant, integrated in an existing industrial factory, under real working conditions. We believe that the skill acquired with the above mentioned activities in addition to the thorough technical, economic and marketing analysis, will lead to the development of an environmental European technology that will open a today nonexistent market, but for sure1 with a huge potential for the next century. Since the major objective of this project is the development of a new process for water detoxification, the project can be considered as environmental-friendly. By applying this process a major environmental problem of small and medium enterprises like olive mills will be eliminated, thus increasing the competitiveness of these companies.
19427	JOE3987015	nan	Low energy consumption LEC-greenhouse					1998-12-01	2001-04-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	303	The industrial problem to be overcome is the irrational use of energy in Europe greenhouses. Today pot plants are produced in greenhouses with single layer g lass. The greenhouses are heated by oil, natural gas or district heating. Due to the very low insulating value of a single layer glass, the heat consumption per m2 greenhouse is 20 times higher than in a traditional house. A new type o f screen has already been developed which can substitute the single layer glass in greenhouses. If it is possible to combine this screen with a traditional in side energy saving screen, there will be an expected energy saving of approximately 65% compared to a traditional non-insulated greenhouse. This will not only reduce production cost per square meter greenhouse drastically. It will also r educe CO(2) emission in general and as a side effect, make production of vegetables and pot plants in greenhouses stronger, more flexible and cheaper. The means to obtain these objectives is a combination of: – energy saving (screens and heat trap, greenhouse design); – heat storage (water reservoir); – use of renewable energy (solar). The methodology used is a bottom-up development process, starting with design of the main components, combine them into a system, integrate the system by developing the system regulation, and finally make sure it works by testing the total system. The project is a step by step process in five phases, where each phase is evaluated to be sure the development process is on track before the RTD tasks are continued into the following phases. A neigh boring ordinary green house acts as a reference green house with the same plant production at the same time. The innovative content of the project is the iteration and modification of greenhouse state-of-art technology into the LEC concept. The main elements are: 1. Green house structure: A new shape of the green house structure is developed to meet the special requirements for the LEC concept; 2. Screen: Development of the special double layer screen to be a heat trap as well as cover; 3. Rain water heat storage: Development of a water heat storage for a green house based on heating from solar energy; 4. Software development: Development of a programme to regulate and control the entire system. From an industrial and technological point of view, the project could if successfully completed, have an important impact on the energy consumption and C0(2) emission in connection with greenhouse based production considering the fact that: – the innovative level of the LEC concept is high, since it contains several new combinations for a total green house system; – the technology readiness of the used components are relatively high, since they are based on existing technology; – the partners have a strong industrial and economic interest in exploiting the results of the project. This is an attractive combination promoting the possibility of success by getting the benefits of innovations. The figures enclosed shows a European market of the following size: – Energy consumption of European Greenhouses 746.025 TeraJoule; – C0(2) Emission from European Greenhouses 66.176.796 Tons; – Production value of European Greenhouses 28.551 Million ECU; – Construction market size, European Greenhouses 102.424 Million ECU. On a European energy basis, a successful development of the LEC -Greenhouse and implementation of this will eventually result in the following savings: – Reduced energy savings for greenhouses in Europe 48.492 TeraJoule (6 times the yearly energy consumption in Danish nurseries); – Reduced C0(2) emissions: 4.431.492 Tons (9 times the yearly C0(2) emission from Danish nurseries).
19428	JOR3987017	nan	Sundim-photovoltaic street lighting system					1999-01-01	2000-12-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	The project aims at developing an autonomous external lighting system for sites distant from a distribution network of electricity. This system will compri se: – a photovoltaic generator, – a gas-discharge lamp with high flow, – a l ow cost and highly reliable electronic system allowing rational management of t he electric power in order to minimize the energy consumption according to the need for illumination. The innovative aspect mainly lies in the design of th e component allowing the power variation, and in its command/control unit. I n Europe, such a system will be profitable on sites distant of more than one ki lometer of a network and profiting from a sufficient sunning, which is the case of several hundreds of listed sites. In the developing countries, in particula r in the Maghreb, the market is considerable. Six companies of four countrie s joined to conclude this project: two manufacturers of luminaries, two compani es of the sector of electronics, a photovoltaic engineering company, and a cell ular telecommunication company. The research centers have competences in power electronics, in solar energy systems, in lighting and in measurements. The p roject aims to test in two years eight realistic technological solutions, in Fr ance and Greece, and to evaluate their performances before introducing the most interesting products on the market, in four years.
19715	JOR3980228	nan	Advanced refinement techniques for the securing of silicon feedstock					1998-09-01	2000-12-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Objectives The main objective of the ARTIST project is the demonstration of an economical solution to one of the most crucial problems that the Photovoltaic (PV) industry currently encounters: the supply with silicon feedstock for a strongly growing PV solar cell and module production on multicrystalline silicon substrates. The strategy of ARTIST aims at adapting and modifying processing techniques on all levels of PV production in order to make a wider quality range of silicon feedstock usable for PV production and thus, to become less dependent on the currently used electronic grade silicon feedstock and the increasing market prices of this material. The project consortium groups together all established European industries in the field of multicrystalline PV production (Photowatt International SA, Bayer AG and Eurosolare SpA) with leading R&D institutes like IMEC, CNRS and FHGISE. Technical approach – two innovative refinement techniques for low quality silicon feedstock will be demonstrated: (i) plasma purification, suitable for the refinement of upgraded metallurgical grade silicon and, (ii) evaporation and condensation of heavily doped n-type silicon. Both feedstock sources cannot be used by the PV industry at the moment. – the refined feedstock will be crystallised by directional solidification and cut into wafers of 200 mm thickness. Further purification by directional solidification will be investigated. – solar cell processing steps, such as passivation and gettering techniques, will be modified, giving rise to further improvements of the material quality on wafer level. – material analysis and characterisation will be carried out during all development stages. Expected achievements and exploitation The technical goal of ARTIST is to refine low quality silicon material to a level that competitive solar cell efficiencies of 13 – 14 % can be achieved with adapted solar cell processes. A successful realisation the ARTIST project will give rise to solar grade silicon feedstock, a starting material that will be exclusively used by the PV industry. The price for this type of silicon feedstock is expected to be lowered to a level below 20 ECU/kg, resulting in an expected price of PV energy conversion at low levels of around 1.5 ECU/Wp. This target frame will help to maintain both, the competitiveness and the independence of the European PV industry. The industrial partners involved in the project will directly benefit from the new feedstock sources and the related processing techniques.
19724	FMGE980130	nan	The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research (BIDR)					1998-04-01	2000-04-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-TMR	201	Principal characteristics of the facility and of the support offered to users: The facility is a research institute in the Negev desert, with permanent 65 faculty and 60 support staff, catering for 64 visiting and temporary staff, and 100 local and foreign research students, having access to infrastructure and equipment, and option to collaborate with the permanent staff. The unique virtue of the BIDR is its multidisciplinary nature studying the drylands from all, possible aspects. This is the very reason for proposing the entire BIDR as an LSF. It offers the rare combination of an easily accessible desert environment and all the logistics and technology required for conducting modern inter-and multidisciplinary desert research. The institute thus, provides facilities in research programs: on Desert Environment (Physical and Living), Man in the Drylands, Dryland Water Research, Biological Production (Intensive and Extensive Plant Production, and Animal Production). Guests and trainees may use a solar energy test site, meteorological tower, experimental farms, remote-sensing and GIS laboratory, greenhouses and aquaculture (fish and microalgae) installations, and collaborate in photovoltaics, molecular biology, human habitat, aquaculture, bioremediation, biomass production, biodiversity and climate change studies-all under and for desert conditions. The field sites are up to 70 km off campus, covering rocky, sandy, and loessial watersheds; altitude range of -100 to 900 m above sea level; mean annual rainfall of 20 to 300 mm; hyperarid, arid and semiarid dryland types; African, Asian and Mediterranean biotes; intensive dryland agricultural farms, communities engaged in extensive agriculture and pasturalism, water resource development projects; nature reserves, ecotourism and interpretation centers. All research sites are adequately linked to campus which is two hours drive from international airport, that is 2-5 hours flight from European major international airports. The diversity of desert conditions and desert development approaches in Israel, and the proximity of the institute to centers of logistic support in Israel, and to the scientific institutions in Europe, enable European scientists to (a) study the desert’s interactions with European climatic, ecological and social systems; (b) use the Israeli desert as an early warning system for Europe by monitoring global climate change; and (c) join effort to combat southern European desertification, and desertification in developing countries assisted by ODA of EU members, of which many are Parties to the Convention to Combat Desertification. Quantity of access being offered and number of users who may benefit: The total budget requested is kECU 222per annum, totaling kECU 666 for the three year duration of the proposal. The exact number of users is 20 per annum for an average stay of 2 months each, totaling 60 visitors for the three years or 120 man-months. More details can be found in section 7.1 on pages 17, 18.
19790	IC20980404	nan	P.v. venetian store					1998-08-01	2001-07-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-INCO	nan	The main goal of the proposed project is to reduce the cost of photovoltaic electricity. The way to do so is based on the development of bifacial solar cells (that may receive illumination on both faces) and a static concentrator (i.e., a concentrator that does not need tracking). The achievement of bifacial solar cells of high efficiency and low cost is a key for this project. At the laboratory level, bifacial technology has achieved efficiencies over 18% on either face, what makes promising its transference to industry. To do so, questions like the starting material and the metallization technology must be taken into account. Static concentrators can take more advantage of bifacial cells than conventional bifacial flat modules, that need an albedo emitting surface at its rear (generally a white painted wall). Static concentrators can not only avoid the need of white painted walls but they can also concentrate the light on the cell, and so they can help cost reduction by reducing the cell area. In the present project, a static concentrator based on the multisurface synthesis methods developed at the Partner two will be developed. Moreover, a PV module based on these concentrators may be easily integrated in a building. Cost considerations will be almost the unique criteria to decide among the different altematives. A cost evaluation procedure for both bifacial cells and concentrators modules will be done combining the experience of the project leader (Partner One), who has already produced and commercialized bifacial solar cells and has developed several prototypes of static concentrator modules. Project contents the following tasks: Task 1: Cost analyzer (ISOFOTON) Task 2: Development of IES technology bifacial solar cell (IES-UPM) Task 3: Development of ISFH technology bifacial solar cell (ISFH) Task 4: Development of the industrial high efficiency bifacial solar cellprocess (ISOFOTON, IES UPM, ISFH, PILLAR) Task 5: Screen printing metallization for bifacial cells (ISOFOTON, UPV,EUROINKS) Task 6: Fabrication of bifacial solar cells for static concentrators (ISOFOT Task 7: Development of the encapsulation and interconection of the cells(IES-UPM, ISOFOTON) Task 8: Design of the optical concentrator, encapsulation technique and of tmechanical stnucture (IES-UPM) Task 9: Development and fabrication of the dielectric of the concentrator(IES-UPM, ISOFOTON) Task 10:Development and fabrication of the reflectors IES-UPM) Task 11:Assembling of the concentrators (ISOFOTON) Task 12:Testing (ISFH, IES-UPM) Task 13:Balance of energy (US)
19915	SE./00264/98	nan	50 KW GRID CONNECTED PV GENERATOR ON A STORAGE PLANT OF URBAN RESIDUALS					nan	nan		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	50 KW grid connected PV ROOF for a building where arrives the waste of 3500 apartments with a innovative system : pneumatics conduction tubes under the streets which avoid the waste containers and trucks to empty them. The buidling will be environmental representative with a nice design to be showed to the population. The building will be design with a priority, the best solar PV integration. It will be south orientation with 30 degrees tilt; hexagon plant, only one big roof made with PV panels. 1. innovation technology : – Market innovation : the municipality wants a nice building to show the solar panels, with hexagonal plant to be an ‘attraction to the eye’ PV panels are the only roof in the building. This is going to be built up for an architect thinking in the best orientation and integration of the solar system. No windows, chimneys, etc are necessary on the roof, so it will be a good bank of test for a big PV panel. Plastic and aluminium construction elements will be used. – DC wiring connections between the panels are incorporated in the structures making it a prefabricated construction element. – The inverter with grid connection will be last technology using IGBT. 2. context in which the technology is operating – The project will be an important social service for 3500 families of Alcobendas. – Centralsug will take this first experience as standard for many projects they do like this. – First time PV energy and waste pneumatic collection are together. 3. economic aspects of the technology : – Price reduction : 7,44 ECU/W system and 4,14 ECU/W PV modules. – Costs reduction due to the integration of the PV modules into only one large area of roof which have no obstruction such as windows, chimneys, etc., allowing for modular construction and simplified assembly and maintenance. 4. Monitoring : – A new simple and not expensive data acquisition system with a new software that will allowed to all the Centralsug offices in Europe to show in real time the performance of the PV plant.
19960	SE./00162/98	nan	PV SYSTEM FOR THE MUNICIPALITY OF LEGHORN					nan	nan		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	The aim of this proposal is the design and the manufacture of a solar power plant of 36.8 kWp to feed the Leghorn-parking area near the Montenero funicular and the relevant recharge facilities for electric vehicles offering the possibility to promote the application of the PV power systems in the urban environment solving critical problems i.e.: – Reduction of the pollution by the vehicle petrol engines in central areas of the town; – Saving in the service runnig costs by reducing the power supplied by the grid; – Availability of a convenient roof to house new service rooms; – Demonstration of the technical and economical viability of grid connected PV systems in urban applications. – Development of new marketing perspectives for innovative urban services. – Test perfomances and real operative and maintenance costs regarding solar installations. – Test the remote control of a PV system. – Educational value for the population in order to push the use of renewable energies. The project is at the beginning. No problems. The solar power plant will be designed in order to grant the service of recharging electric vehicles and powering the funicular reducing the consumption from the grid. The solar power plant will be tailored on the present requirements of the funicular and the foreseen consumption of the vehicles recharge station which will be installed in the parking area close to the funicular up hill station. the energy will be also used by all the ancillary services of the parking (illumination, computer, TV cameras etc.). The solar power plant will consist of a group of 736 modules, 50 Wp each, series and parallel connected in order to build up a 36.8 kWp, \272 Vdc -272 Vdc, nominal generator. the modules are organised in 23 strings in parallel, each string with 32 modules in series with the centre of the series at ground. The group of modules and its relevant support structure covers an area of approximately 400 m² integrated into the service building of the parking. An high efficiency microprocessor controlled IGBT grid connected inverter with MPPT control and islanding protection designed according to CEI EN 61727 specifications. The project has been approved by ENEL for the technical and bureaucratic aspects of the grid connection.
19980	SE./00068/97	nan	LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION OF AC PV MODULES INTO A NOISE BARRIER ALONG A HIGHWAY NEAR AMSTERDAM					nan	nan		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	– Installation of an innovative 210 kWp grid connected PV system, production of 172000 kWh per year; – reduction of system costs on an overall level through volume, integrated design and prefabrication; – Evaluation of technical, architectural and economical aspects; – Investigations of performance and impact on utility grid of a large number of parallel AC modules, including disturbances, harmonics, spikes, surges etc. 1. Innovation : – fully integrated design of the entire system from the beginning, including serviceability aspects – technical and organisational involvement of all project partners from the start; energy company, municipality, road directorate, building company, governmental organisations, PV consultants – development and demonstration of innovative design approach and prefabrication mounting methods – architectural integration of larger AC PV modules into a new to build 1650 m long noise barrier, including engineering of rather high structures and crossing a river (200 m of length on a bridge) – multi-functionality of PV modules : energy production and noise reduction 2. PV cells in a noise barrier 3. Total costs Hfl.4972500 Electricity production 172000kWh/y Conventional energy production Hfl.0.07/kWh 4. Monitoring for at least 2 years
20001	JOR3980246	ESDEPS	EMC and Safety Design for Photovoltaic Systems					1998-09-01	2001-08-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020104	Objectives of the Project The objective of the project is to prepare PV for the new market without compromises. Today PV systems have to fulfil tsvo different generic standards . The generic standard for residential, commercial and light industry and the generic standard for industrial environment. PV ss sterns have to satisfy the emmission-laws of the generic standard for residal and the immission-laws of the generic standard for industrial environment because the insert point of PV systems lies at a transition between both generic standards. There is still no standard for the ‘product family’ photovoltaic components and systems. Based on this results it could be necessary to propose additions to the existing standards or to propose a new product standard, which includes all important laws to develop and build PV systems with improved reliability, safety and quality. The guideline for this project is to check this existing standards whether they can lead to a safe and EMC conform product (e.g. components or systems). At test plants and systems deficits will come to light. The correction of these deficits leads to improved systems and to new laws and standards for construction and development of PV products. The success of the correction will be verified by measurement. Technical Approach The programme contents the following scientific and technical objectives: – Improvement of reliability, safety and livetime by reducing electromagnetic interference and suspectibility: conducted and radiated low and high frequency phenomena and electrostatic discharge phenomena. – EMC and safety measurements on really components and systems . – Creation of proposals for new standards of Electromagnetic Compatibility of Photovoltaic Systems in collaboration with IEC and CELENEC. All results will be evaluated together with ISE Freiburg at an exploitation meeting. – Specific tasting and measurement techniques, limits for emission and immunity requirements. – Ensure the compliance with harmonized European Product Safety Standards concerning the Low Voltage Directive and the Machinery Directive: Electrical, mechanical thermal dangers and Failsafe. Expected Achievements – Complete EMC and Safety system qualification. – Test of the complete area of operation points. – Modified or new ‘product family standard’ for PV components and systems. – Demonstration by model plant application, brochure publication and internet publication.
20216	JOR3980274	nan	Optimization of RO desalination systems powered by renewable energies					1998-10-01	2001-09-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3010103	PROJECT OBJECTIVES This project intends to make a site-extrapolable optimisation of the design of photovoltaic/wind/RO systems using commercial Reverse Osmosis membranes. Its objectives therefore include: – The collection of solar radiation and wind velocity data for potential sites in various geographical locations – The simulation of solar photovoltaic/wind energy inputs into a pilot RO plant that will be made to function under different modes of operation and under the climatic conditions particular to each of the potential sites – An assessment of the effect of the discontinuities and changes in the availability of solar and wind energies on pressure variations and, hence, on the flow, salt rejection and the useful life of the membranes, – Extrapolable optimisation of the design of photovoltaic/wind/RO systems for a number of sites. TECHNICAL APPROACH Climatic data, i.e. wind, solar radiation and seawater temperature data, will be collected for each of the geographical areas under scrutiny. Simultaneously, a study of the specifications of commercial wind turbines and PV cells that are easily available on each of the chosen geographical areas will be carried out. The climatic data collected will then be analysed in order to determine the most suitable statistical analysis method. Taking into account the specifications of available PV cells and wind turbines, and options such as energy dissipation and storage, the power available to the RO plant as a function of time will be calculated. A software package will be designed in order to help translate the power availability calculations into real power availability to the plant. A pilot RO plant, with flexibility of both component specifications and modes of operation and suitable for the study of commercial membrane performance and ageing under conditions imposed by the use of solar and wind energy, will be designed and installed. This plant will include both hollow-fibre and spiral membranes. A heat pump or similar device will be included in order to simulate feedwater at different temperatures (as determined by the climatic data of each of each site under study). A system that will control the power available to the pump(s) at any given moment (as determined by the power availability calculations) will be designed and assembled. This system shall also control the feedwater temperature and automatically collect the required data. Data on parameters relevant to the ageing and performance of the membranes, such as pressure flow, pH, conductivity, salt concentration and temperature, will be collected at the entrance and exit of the membranes. Additionally, the pH and conductivity will be measured for each membrane in order to assess the performance and ageing of each individual membrane in the tube. EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS AND EXPLOITATION The design of PV/wind/RO desalination systems will be reviewed, taking the effects of the changes and discontinuities in the power availability into account. Appropriate changes in the system’s configuration will be suggested wherever the behaviour of the membranes deviates from the optimum. A software package will be elaborated, including the findings, to assist interested third parties in designing a PV/wind/RO desalination system suited to the climatological conditions of their proposed sites. The results obtained will be used by the academic partners and, especially, bv the end-user BONNY and collaborating membrane manufacturer DOW Chemical co.
20307	JOR3980223	HIT	High through-put crystalline silicon solar cell key manufacturing Technologies					1998-10-01	2001-09-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020103	A recently finished MusicFM study of the EC has clearly demonstrated that increasing the market size towards 500 MWp/year will lead to a drastic crystalline Si photovoltaic module price reduction below 1ECU/Wp if the solar cell process is based on printing metallization and substrates are from Si sheets, ribbons or casted multicrystalline Si. Though laboratory and industrial production processes have already demonstrated required efficiency levels, there are still severe barriers and bottlenecks in all European industrial production lines with respect to through-put, yield, investment cost or material and energy consumption for the available production equipment. The reason for this is the lack of equipment especially designed and developed for the need of the photovoltaic industry. To overcome this situation, an experienced European consortium of 8 partners from universities, research institutes, equipment and PV manufacturing companies (2 partners from each group), was formed in order to develop a new generation of automated high through-put equipment for crystalline silicon solar cell and module key manufacturing technologies. The main technical objectives of the project are in detail: – Identification of alternative low cost processes and development of innovative equipment design for the key crystalline silicon solar cell manufacturing technologies, inherently suitable for processing of future thin (<200um) large-area (at least 4 dm2) cast multicrystalline, ribbon or even thin film Si substrates – Implementation of energy, materials and waste saving aspects in the new processing schemes – Development of new process sequences based on the new technology approaches – Realization of prototypes and establishment of the related processes – Performance of a ‘proof-of-concept’ including testing in an industrial environment and of a cost assessment for these new technology approaches to assess their suitability for a multi megawatt high through-put production. The adressed key technologies are in detail: surface texturization, diffusion, selective emitter, metallization, PECVD-SiN deposition, cell interconnection and wafer handling. The successful realization of these objectives should result in the achievement of the following major scientific and technical targets: – Demonstration by ‘proof-of-concept’ that through-put rates up to 20 dm2 per minute (corresponding to about 10 MW/year capacity) are achievable with the newly developed processes and related equipment – Verification of a mean efficiency increase of 10 % relative for a multicrystalline silicon substrate material – Assessment of a substantial cost saving by the new technology approach in mass production.
20349	JOR3980214	nan	Flexible battery and load controller					1998-09-01	2001-08-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020104	PROJECT OBJECTIVES Power supply systems using photovoltaic or wind energy converters are the most promising sources of electricity for remote areas. Most of the smaller systems use direct current with the charge controller being the central component and the key to the quality of power supply and the lifetime of the battery. Due to the many battery and generator types a large variety of charge controllers is necessary. This leads to small production volumes and inhibits further price reduction. This project aims at the development of a charge controller with a large range of voltage ratios and an automatic battery detection useful for a wide choice of PV modules, small wind generators and batteries. The implementation of a ‘plug and play’ concept provides ease of use. The expandability of regenerative power supply by combined operation of charge controllers leads to easy system design. TECHNICAL APPROACH By means of a market survey the range of applications for the flexible charge controller will be established. Based on this information useful combination of charge controllers will be established. The functions of communication and battery management will be defined. The algorithms for maximum power point tracking, battery management, communications and the diagnostic system will be developed and tested by means of a laboratory circuit. Algorithms for the optimised control of small wind turbines will be established. Different power electronic topologies for the use in this device will be evaluated by means of simulation with special regards to high efficiency. A laboratory circuit will be constructed and optimised through extensive EMC and thermographic measurements. The laboratory circuit will be transferred to a prototype ready for extensive tests. All efforts concentrate on high reliability under all operation condition and production cost which will be accepted by the market. The prototype will be tested indoor at the laboratory and under outdoor condition. EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS AND EXPLOITATION A prototype of a flexible charge controller for the use with wind and solar power will have been developed and a small number of these pre-industrial devices will have been manufactured. Results and experiences obtained during the development and evaluation phase as well as the results of the market survey will be made available for dissemination. The flexible charge controller will allow an easy design of small stand alone power supply systems and therefore can reduce the costs of these systems.
20703	FMGE980113	I.S.O.R	Installations solaires d’odeillo pour la recherche					1998-04-01	2000-12-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-TMR	201	Principal characteristics of the facility and of the support offered to users: IMP Laboratory is, at ODEILLO, operator of the CNRS Solar Research Large Installations the MWFS, 1 Megawatt Solar Furnace, 1000 watt/cm2 at focal plane. The MSSFs, a versatile ensemble of 11 medium size solar furnaces, 1 to 6 kW power, achieving 1500 W/cm2 on 2 kW concentrators. All areas are fully equiped with vacuum or controlled atmosphere chambers, irradiation monitoring, temporal shaping, performant instrumentation for experimental diagnostics for thermo-radiative properties measurements, up-to date instrumentation for materials analysis and characterisation. IMP has large expertise in materials transformation or elaboration and processes with concentrated solar radiation; similar field studies by other techniques, CVD, arcs, lasers, plasmas, experimental and modelling, are also on-going at ODEILLO. Facility may provide a performant and versatile tool for novel methods and processes studies, on new performant materials, surface treatment, solid waste processing, high temperature thermo-chemistry, high intensity photo-chemistry . The high power installation also permit large scale simulation, at pre-industrial scale or, of materials and components in extreme conditions (near sun in space, re-entry situations). IMP has experienced, collaborations and facility access with external users from France, Europe and USA. Quantity of access being offered and number of users who may benefit: The access offered is for a 3 years contract. 69 weeks of access (21 on Megawatt MWFS, 48 on Medium size MSSFs) for an estimated number of 29 scientists
21290	JOR3971026	nan	Module integrated energy saving inverter					1997-11-01	1998-03-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020104	In photovoltaic power for 230 volts applications, the inverter is the key component but one of the majo obstacles are that the present inverter technology is ineffective, and expensive. The problem with the low inverter efficiency is, that typically 10 to 15% of the energy produced by the photovoltaic panels is wasted. The investments in photovoltaic panels is, correspondingly, 10 to 15% higher than actually required. In continuation of present RTD experience of the consortium with inverter technology, we therefore propose to develop an inverter with a completely new technical principle, which ensures an efficiency better than 98% at low cost. The new inverter principle will be a break with the conventional principle which includes bulky and expensive transformer- and filter components, primarily using copper. The copper will be replaced by inexpensive silicon based components, enabled by the implementation of our proposed new module-based stair step concept. To develop the new high efficiency photovoltaic system, the following tasks are needed: Concept evaluation, and optimisation. Specification of photovoltaic, battery, inverter and interfaces Cost and efficiency evaluation of the photovoltaic system, compared with the present standard. Market aspects and opportunities must be implemented in the research.
21424	JOR3971001	nan	Innovative solar-modules with use of the entire spectrum of the sunlight by concentration and dispersion					1997-03-18	1997-10-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	Our aim is to construct an innovative module that uses the entire spectral energy of the sunlight. The light is going to be dispersed and by this four areas are achieved to use the infrared, ultraviolet and visable parts of the spectrum as well as the part that is used for the photovoltaic effect. The dispersion and concentration of the light will be achieved by a new kind of lens. The other components will be constracted by technologies that are already in industrial use. By a module of this kind we want to do a very great step to a cost-saving production of solar modules. At the end we want to fabricate such modules by ourselves.
21552	JOR3971012	nan	Partnership for the development of economic photovoltaic lighting systems giving high, variable luminous flux					1997-11-01	1998-03-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	301	The French small business company CEM, specialised in Electronic technology, and the Brussels small business company DIMA, street lanterns manufacturer, already having participated in the development of innovative power supplies of discharge lamps with the technology Centrum ACTIME in the Provence Cote d’Azur area, have got the idea to put their knowledge together in a new assembling of discharge lamp power supplies and photovoltaic cells creating a high flux lighting system for collective use. A rapprochement had taken place between them and ENERGY CONSULTING, photovoltaic specialist company, for a first feasibility evaluation study, fort the innovative character and fort the economic interest of the innovation. The participants are convinced of the interest of collective action between several areas small business companies for R & D development at first, en then industrialisation and commercialisation of the studied project. Their own R & D means being insufficient, they would like to find help in consulting organisations having these means. The companies CEM and DIMA make a proposal for a exploratory subsidy allowing to research in several areas small business companies and to define a detailed R & D program as part of the JOULE programme.
21799	BRST950142	nan	A hybrid electronic system for the management of renewable energy sources					1995-12-07	1997-01-29		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-BRITE/EURAM 3	101	The aim of the proposed project is the design and development of an innovative hybrid system for the management and allocation of energy that is generated by renewable energy sources, namely wind, solar, geothermal, biomass etc.. The energy produced will be managed through a specially designed power distribution system to the industry electricity consumption lines in parallel to the national power corporation supply (parallel hybrid system). The power distribution unit is controlled by an expert system, that performs the optimisation of the energy flow, presenting the following features maximisation of direct consumption of the renewable energy production selective distribution of available renewable energy to the consumption lines of the enterprise management of energy storing devices (for coverage of elementary needs), dump loads and renewable energy converter controls optional direction of the renewable energy production to the national power network interactive control of the whole power assembly. The maximised exploitation of the available energy along with the system flexibility guarantees an important financial profit, resulting from the significant reduction of the energy supplied by the national power corporation. In the carse of SME, this profit acquires greater value, as the power needs of such industrial enterprises can be partially covered by renewable source systems with low installation cost.
21936	JOR3971015	nan	Development of a solar reflector					1997-11-01	1998-03-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3030101	The research aims at investigating whether recent developments in coating technology such as the sol-gel dip-coating deposition of the dust-repellent surface layers and smoothing base layers, can increase the quality of reflectors used in solar energy applications.
21940	FMBI961650	nan	Application of solar waste water detoxification and disinfection systems in the mediterranean and developing countries					1997-02-01	1999-01-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-TMR	0302;TI08	Research objectives and content The general objective of the joint research training is to assess the market situation of developed solar photochemical technologies for water detoxification and disinfection. Options to improve the water situation of arid zones will be worked out. The formerly achieved research results will be transformed from a model character into the handling of real waste water and the feasibility of solar purification for specific industries and greenhouse companies. The waste water tests will be carried out using the existing small scale facilities at the Plataforma Solar. In case of promising results there will be initiated the planning and construction of first industrial scale solar purification plants in cooperation with the relevant industries and engineering and supplying companies. The applicability will be shown for the region of Almeria as a representative area for the Mediterranean and developing countries. Training content (objective, benefit and expected impact) Practical experience in acquiring industrial contacts for research establishments and coordination between | industry and research will be trained. Further experience in the operation of solar photochemical facilities and the evaluation and dissemination of the results of degradation tests is expected. Links with industry / industrial relevance (22) This proposal aims at proving the feasibility for solar purification in close cooperation with industries. | The build up of first purification plants will be initiated.
22198	JOE3970067	ZED	Innovative electric traction Module for Zero Emission downsized urban vehicle					1998-01-01	2000-02-29		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	2040102	The present proposal is part of a general project aimed at conceiving a Zero Emission Downsized Electric Vehicle for urban mission, covering the full range of potential users, with respect to individual mobility in city. The vehicle should meet the requirements for individual safe, comfortable and effective mobility, according to the approach of a three wheeler structure, with tilting anterior body (featuring all active and passive safety measures comparable to those of conventional cars), with performance adequate to an agile driving in urban use (minimum range 80 km, maximum speed 45 km/h, acceleration 0-45 in 6 s) and with very low energy consumption (less than 30 Wh/km, that is 1/4 – 1/5 of a conventional electric city car). The industrial relevance of the results of present research is very high, as the interest for the diffusion of electric vehicles is increasing very rapidly, due mostly to their environmental features especially needed for urban areas. The specific objective of the present research project proposal is to develop an electric two wheel rear traction module to be integrated within a light weight tilting body, which is made available by the main contractor. Such propulsion module consists of an electric power train connected with the two wheels, a battery pack, the relevant battery management system, the unit providing the functional and energy management of the module itself as well as the interconnection with the vehicle commands and the interface for battery recharging system. Additional objective of the research is the development of a photovoltaic system with appropriate controlled interface for battery recharging. In fact, part of the overall objective is the achievement of a high level of operational management effectiveness in term of recharging flexibility and rational use of primary energy. Actually, the limited size of on board energy storage system, even more enhanced by making use of high specific energy battery, may allow the approach of quick battery substitution and, on the other hand, to make use of solar photovoltaic energy as renewable energy source for battery recharging. Innovative key features of the traction module to be developed within this project are the following: – Low weight, high efficiency, long life storage system based on advancedbatteries (e.g. Lithium-ion) with possible support of supercapacitors bankfor power enhancement, and thermal and balancing management system; – battery packaged into an easy-to-access rear traction module, includingcooling system and battery management unit; – fast and easy change of the complete battery pack as a quick alternativeto on board recharging; – powertrain based on brushless electric motors featuring very highefficiency over typical urban driving cycles; – solar photovoltaic energy recharging station for maximum environmentalcomptability.
22212	JOE3971001	nan	Solar assisted heat pump development					1997-04-24	1998-02-28		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	2010101	The scope of the research project is the development of a compact, cost effective and efficient solar assisted heat pump for DHW and space heating and validate its efficiency. The product combines one small sized heat pump with one solar collector and gives a final product which eliminates many of the technical constraints met in previous EU projects, because it can: . have operation in both modes, space heating and DHW (increasing its yearly working hours per 40%), . have very high energy efficiency. The solar component has much higher efficiency than a usual solar collector and respectively the heat pump component than a conventional air to air heat pump (increasing its overall efficiency by 55%), . be coupled with a solar energy collector simplified, unglazed, working under moderate temperatures (OoC to I OoC), . be compact, presented as a solar collector, heat pump assisted, able to cover space heating needs, with the lowest risk of refrigerant leakage, . be cost effective compared to other complicated and sophisticated solar assisted heat pump complexes, where in site engineering is needed as well as installation know-how, . be cost effective compared to the addifional cost of a solar collector and a small heat pump, . be market friendly, since no in site connections more than for usual solar collectors seem to be needed, . have relatively low afler sales service, due the lack of pumps, fans, etc.
22307	JOE3971016	nan	Novel compact heat exchanger/absorber technology for cost effective absorption cycle machines					1997-11-01	1998-03-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	2010103	The scope of this industrial research project is to develop an efficient and cost effective solar assisted vacuum vapour desalt unit and measure its overall efficiency. The product will combine one plate vacuum H/X as evaporator with vacuum solar collectors and with one pressure gain steam after heater. The product will eliminate many of the techncal constraints met in previous EU projects, because it can: – be compact and of low maitenance cost since no membrane or fillter cleaning or frequent replacing is needed, – have increased energy efficiency, since the back-up energy (oil) will be minimised (using free solar energy we can expect to an overall decrease of primary energy by 70%), – make electricity savings if compared to the conventional inverse osmose units, – penetrate into very large markets (sizes in three series, 2-6 m3/d, 25-60 m3/d and 150-500 m3/d are foreseen), – a payback period of 5 years seems to be achieved.
22574	JOR3971023	nan	Development of an autonomous solar thermally driven distillation system					1997-12-01	1998-03-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3010102	This proposal regards the design, installation and testing of an efficient solar-thermal distillation completely autonomous system for sea water desalination, for remote areas such as small island communities and coastal areas. The system utilises solar energy to produce the heat required for water distillation and photovoltaics to supply the energy required by auxiliary system components. The RTD goals which need to be achieved are: – The efficient use of solar collectors (type of collectors, heating fluid etc.) for producing the heat for heating and evaporating the sea or brackish water. – Design and manufacturing of the water vapour condensation surface. – Design and manufacturing of the heat exchanger for heating the sea or brackish water. – Determine the right size of photovoltaics to power all auxiliary equipment, (water pumps. control system etc.). – Optimisation of the whole system performance through computer simulation. The overall objective of the proposed system is to reduce the cost of produced fresh water by afactor of two in relation to other desalination technologies.
22576	JOR3971019	nan	Development of low electricity consumption water purification plants using renewable energies					1997-11-01	1998-03-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3010103	In Europe’s rural areas problems of drinking water quality are still existing. Many little villages and rural settings don’t comply with standards particularly concerning biological parameters. Renewable energies should offer the possibility to purify this drinking water. Main objective of this research is the integration of renewable energies in biological water treatment systems in two ways: – Development of a pico hydroelectric system adapted to UV treatment – Development of stand alone photovoltaic UV treatment system (low electricity consumption, working following the demand). The different phases of this research will be: – Optimization and adaptation of UV treatment to renewable energy supply – Sizing of PV system including energy storage and sizing of pico- hydroelectric system – Realization of prototypes – Laboratory experiments – Design an sizing of complete treatment chain – Tests under real conditions of use
22611	JOR3971014	nan	Full digital pulse width modulation unit to control inverters for PV applications					1997-11-01	1998-03-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3020104	The cost for PV applications depends for a considerable part on the price of the inverter. To produce inverters with lower prices, not only development cost has to come down, but also an important reduction of the component count is necessary. By replacing all control circuitry by one digital control unit, generating directly the PWM signal in real time, the component count of the inverter could drastically go down. However, the algorithm is to complex to calculate in real time. The proposed project consists in developing simplified PWM control algorithms that will fit in a fast micro controller and do the research towards the integration of the microcontroller and the A/D- converters in one entity. The resulting component could then control a complete inverter reducing both development and Compo- nent costs.
22844	JOR3961001	nan	Study and Development of Energy Management Units for Stationary Batteries in Remote Areas					1996-06-04	1997-02-28		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3	The goal of the project is to develop energy mangement units for stationary batteries in remote areas connected to solar pannels, wind turbines or generating sets in order to improve the cycle life and/or to optimize the use of fuel.
23080	JOR3971016	nan	Stagnation technology for solar thermal systems					1997-11-01	1998-03-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	303	Solar thermal systems with enlarged collector areas for additional solar assisted heating are comming up now on the European market. In the daily practice, however, due to the enlarged collector areas (in relation to the installed hot water storage volume) there are problems with overheating and stagnation during summer time. The aim of the project is the development of collector systems which guarantee a continuous and maintenance-free operation even under stagnation conditions. The approach to find solutions to the stagnation problems will be: 1. Experimental investigations to get a clear and exact understanding of all the steps of the processes that take place when under stagnation conditions the collector fluid evaporates in the collector loop. 2. Different system concepts (with respect to stagnation conditions) will be investigated by means of numerical simulation. The aim is to analyse the stress of the components and the materials (especially the fluid) in the collector loop. 3. Investigation of new control strategies. The aim of the strategies will be to minimise the number of stagnation events. 4. Testing of prototypes of controllers which use the new control strategies. They will be used in existing solar systems and checked on their performance and behaviour under realistic operating conditions.
23212	JOE3971010	nan	Portable, versatile and multifunctional monitoring system that assures the energy output of low cost thermal solar facilities					1997-11-01	1998-03-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	2010103	Our proposal is intended to take advantage of the traditional energy auditing procedure and audits performed by a monitoring system, while avoiding the disadvantages through a so-called ‘portable monitoring system’ that consists of: 1. Stand-alone sensors (temperature gages, flowmeters, pyrometers, etc.), that can store data for a predetermined time period (for instance, a week) every 15 minutes and fitted with their own microprocessor and memory, which is independent from that of the datalogger. 2. Development of a ‘portable reader’ for these sensors, which would be fitted temporarily in the facility and would dump later the information to these ‘portable readers’. 3. Development of a software program to determine the universal energy balances in each facility and once the hydraulic diagram of the installation has been plotted beforehand: – The minimum number of sensor gages required would be determined to define the energy balances in each component of the facility (boiler, pump, heat pump, solar collector, etc.) as well as on a global basis. – The energy balances will be computed as automatically as possible once the data collected from the facility by the portable sensor gages is dumped to the memory. 4. The sensor gages kit would be carried in an auditing handheld case. The gages have to allow for simplified fitting that will not disturb the facility’s operations (contact gages, flowmeters to be fitted under load, etc.). The system is rather convenient since it can be used to show the possible buyer of a solar facility how much money and energy are wasted, and achieves this end using, instead of a complex and permanent monitoring equipment, just some components fined in a few hours, while the facility continues operations undisturbed
23270	FMBI960990	nan	Urban planning research actions to improve microclimate, solar access and passive cooling and to reduce the air pollution					1996-09-01	1997-08-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-TMR	0302;TE08	The present project aims at developing comprehensive design guidance on all aspects of solar and atmospheric components of urban layout in order firstly to ensure good access to a better microclimate and to vital renewable energy sources and secondly to minimise the air pollution levels. In order to meet these objectives the project contains the following tasks: 1. A comprehensive, integrated analysis of all solar and microclimatic aspects of urban layout for both cool and warm climatic conditions of southern Europe. The atmospheric pollution in the urban environment is one of the most important factors taken into consideration and the project will provide guidance for integrated urban planning which minimises the local pollution problems. 2. The development of a major computer based design tool to evaluate solar access and wind patterns within urban configurations in Europe. 3. Selected case studies, including two major case studies of southern European sites, to test and refine the guidance. 4. The production of an illustrated design guide, papers and
23323	JOE3971023	nan	Low Energy Consumption – LEC Greenhouse					1997-11-15	1998-03-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	3030102	The scientific and technical objectives of this research proposal concern developing a new type of greenhouse with a heat consumption of only 30% of normal consumption in traditionaluninsulated greenhouses. This aim shall be reached through high insulating mobile screens combined with solarenergy stored in rainwater reservoirs. Research is necessary to optimize the Low Energy Consumption LEC greenhouse and to investigate the possibilities of storing solar energy.
23357	FMBI961761	nan	Efficient exciton dissociation/formation in supramolecular semiconducting polymer morphologies – demonstration of the fabrication of efficient electroluminescent and photovoltaic devices					1997-02-16	1999-02-15		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-TMR	0302;TP12	We propose a basic research study of mechanisms and conditions required for efficient dissociation/formation of excitons into (from) free charges in organic multilayers and the relation to the morphological parameters of the materials. In the first instance we will concentrate on studying the mechanisms referred to above and the dependence on the electronic structure of monomers, oligomers and specific molecules like C60 and TCNQ. From these basic studies we hope to ma judicious choices of systems which can be tested for device applications. For this a basic research study of the influence the morphological parameters is of great importance since these are known to strongly influence the efficiency of processes New in this proposal are the use of modern molecular beam epitaxy techniques to grow very well defined organic (multi)layers as well as the specific behavior and morphology of block copolymers combined with an in situ study of their electronic structure electrical transport and optoelectronic properties. Knowledge obtained here will be coupled back to the synthesis of new oligomers, monomers and polymers with the hope of further optimizing properties and for a directed effort in the development of multiblock copolymers incorporating all of the required functions for a device. Also judiciously chosen systems will be further studied with regard to the morphology as mentioned above. The development of efficient photovoltaic and electroluminescent devices is one of our long-term targets. Training content (objective, benefit and expected impact) The candidate has an excellent knowledge of and training on the structure of solid state polymers and polymer morphologies. Her involvement in the proposed project will enlarge her knowledge and skills on the functional (photonic, electronic, photovoltaic) properties of polymers and their relation to the structure and morphologies. An optimisation of the structure / morphology of the polymers will allow her to demonstrate the fabrication of efficient electroluminescent and photovoltaic devices Links with industry / industrial relevance (22) This research is related to other projects in which we are closely collaborating with companies such as Oce, Van der Grintz and IBM.
23558	JOR3971013	nan	Sensor controlled solar powered street lighting					1997-11-01	1998-03-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	30201	Today the lighting of smaller streets and passageways is a common factor in the large suburban and village housing areas of Europe. These low density trafficated areas accounts for a large part of the energy consumption used on street lighting. It is the aim of this project to develop and demonstrate a lighting system which is activated only when there is a need for light. This could be made possible by developing long range motion sensors to activate the light only when people are using the street. 75% of the energy consumption could typically be reduced hereby dependent on the-traffic frequency of the street. With such a low power consumption this could be the break through for PV driven street lighting.
23594	JOR3971020	nan	Design of a solar driven cooling aggregate based on the diffusion-absorption cooling principle					1997-11-01	1998-03-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	303	To cover the worldwide encreasing cooling demand, research efforts are made mainly in Japan and the US looking for environmental friendly and energy saving alternatives to the commenly used electrical driven compression cooling aggregates with FCKW-containing working fluids. Solar driven absorption cooling aggregates are one of these alternatives. For technical or economical reasons, no cooling aggregates are available for the medium cooling sector (5-20 kW), which can be driven by thermal solar systems. The diffusion-absorption cooling technology has been used successfully since more than 50 years, designed as a technology for directly gas- or electrical driven, simple, cheap and long lasting aggregates for smallest cooling units (refrigerators) with cooling performances of 0,1-0,2 kW. Goal of the planned research project is to designe a solar driven cooling aggregate based on diffusion-absorption cooling technology with 5 kW cooling performance. Main steps of the research project will be: Design of a diffusion-absorption cooling aggregate with 5 kW cooling performance which can be solar and gas driven and the construction of a prototype with adopted components for intergation of a thermal solar system. Test runs and data recording under laboratory conditions. – Optimising the prototype and design of a controlling strategy for solar drive. – Test runs and data recording under field conditions. – Optimising of the system technology of the cooling system, the solar system and the controlling unit
23595	JOR3971024	nan	Development of an economic and energy saving heliostat technology for room illumination					1997-11-01	1998-03-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	303	Due to high engineering and installation costs and due to the lack of appropriate and supplementary artificial lighting systems common heliostatic sunlighting systems are suitable so far only for effect illumination. The main goal of the project is to develop the basics for an economic and energy saving heliostat technology for a widespread room illumination use by means of direct sunlight combined with artificial light. This heliostat technology consists of three systems: a moveable mirror which tracks the sun (heliostat), a supplementary artificial light system for substituting the sun if absent (solar simulator), and a system which transports and distributes the sunlight inside the building (distributor). The RTD work results in: – a brochure with the scientific and technical foundations of an overall heliostat technology; – a planning handbook for the above mentioned heliostat technology; – a pilot project with a prototype of a low cost and energy efficient heliostat technology, including a heliostat, a solar simulator and a distributor.
23649	FMGE950023	nan	InNOVATIVE TRAINING HORIZONS IN APPLIED SOLAR THERMAL AND CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES					1996-01-01	1998-12-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-TMR	201	The PSA is a unique European center for experimentation in the field of applied concentrated solar energy technologies. Its broad range of facilities enable testing in such different areas as detoxification of industrial effluents, production of fine chemicals, thermal treatment of advanced materials, development of control algorithms for industrial heat transfer processes, desalination of sea water, bioclimatic architecture component research, convective drying of food products and direct solar generation of electricity. The PSA opens its doors to research groups interested in educating their personnel in the applications of these new technologies. Through the performance of innovative experiments, researchers will learn to apply environmentally benign solar energy to industrial processes. They will enjoy the benefit of both expert consulting by Area Heads as well as the services of supporting personnel. The result will be the creation of a new generation of researchers throughout Europe who, through their newly acquired know-how and experience, will be able to apply the ‘solar option’ to diverse multi-disciplinary fields of science and technology.
23920	JOR3970143	nan	Solar cells from metallurgical silicon feedstock					1997-07-01	1999-06-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	SUMMARY Silicon solar cells are not economically competitive when compared with other energy sources due to the expensive solar grade silicon material. The main objective of the SCARF project is to provide a thin filmsilicon solar cell on a cheap silicon substrate by means of the Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) technique. The project co-ordinator Elkem/Norway is the world’s lading supplier of silicon metal (MG-Si) to the chemical and the electronic industries. The company will take on the task to engineer and produce an upgraded low-cost metallurgical silicon. This material will then be cast/crystallized by three of the project partners: * Eurosolare/Italy will use the Bridgman crystallizer. * Institute for Crystal Growth (IKZ)/Germany will use the floating zone technique. * Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (Fraunhofer-ISE)/Germany will produce Silicon Sheet from Powder (SSP). The blocks/ingots will thereafter be cut into wafers by Eurosolare and IKZ. The silicon sheet will be provided with a surface texture at the University of Konstanz (UKN)/Germany. The partners IKZ and UKN will provide the wafers/SSP’s with a thin film of silicon by two different LPE techniques. Fraunhofer-ISE, Eurosolare, and UKN will make solar cells from these thin films of silicon on the silicon substrater and Eurosolare will also make modules. Fraunhofer-ISE and UKN will characterize the solar cells. Finally, the Institute of Energy Technology (IFE)/Norway will asses the economic benefits of the solar cells developed by this project.
24068	SE./00185/96	nan	DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION OF THE FIRST PV FACADE WITH COLOURED PV CELLS					1996-10-01	1999-05-31		FP4	€ 246,400.00	€ 98,559.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	This project is aiming to realise the first PV facade at a significant size (normal rating about 18 kWp) with the recently developed coloured PV cells. These cells can be produced now in colours such as magenta, gold, green. The feasibility and viability of this innovative product is demonstrated and investigated. The implementation of coloured PV cells in PV facades now offers a huge variety of applications in the building sector since any restrictions and limitations for integrating PV system into facades and buildings can be overcome now. The efficiency of the coloured PV cells is almost the same as for the standard PV cells. The nominal rating of the PV generator integrated into the south-oriented facade is anticipated to become almost 18 kWp. The total energy production of this PV facade then is expected to be 10,680 kWh. The colours of the PV cells are carefully selected in order to meet aesthetic requirements. The operating voltage of the PV modules will be 615 VDC in order to feed the PV energy directly into the DC bus of the city tram. The approach of directly connecting the PV generator to the DC grid, increases the overall system efficiency. The costs for the coloured PV modules expected tobe about 10% higher compared to conventional PV facades.
24127	JOR3970188	SPECTRUM	Solar power exploitation by collection and transportation by fibre optics to remote utilisation modules					1997-12-01	2000-05-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	303	SPECTRUM research concerns an innovative system to efficiently capture by means of modular optical collectors the solar energy and transport it by means of low loss broad band Fibre Optic cable to remote load or utilisation modules. These modules will convert the energy to heat, cool and electricity, either directly or trough a storage. Unadulterated sun light can be used for health treatment or natural illumination. The total SPECTRUM system efficiency can be high as compared to present conventional systems, because the available sun power can be shared, by means of a fibre switch, among different conversion modules making it possible to time share and utilise all the collected energy. SPECTRUM system will favourably extend the present and well established use of Renewable Energy (RE) solar plant because of its installation simplicity, lightweight non dissipating optical collectors, thin and flexible fibre cables and multipurpose utilisation modules with power sharing. Although a Proof of Concept laboratory model can be assembled with existing low performance components, SPECTRUM research is necessary to develop a valid full performance demonstrator, pre-engineering model, for which several conceptually new components, need to be developed. This demonstrator is required for the SPECTRUM industrialisation and should be capable to reach the expected targets of efficiency, flexibility of use and cost. A wide range of applications can be foreseen for this RE system which will integrate harmonically with urban architecture and rural landscape. SPECTRUM project, a two and half year research program, will be undertaken by a well balanced European scientific and industrial team across the community North to South axis. It is expected that the subsequent industrialisation phase will require less than two years and new job e)(pectations would be in the order of several thousandths in the mid term.
24405	SE./00064/96	EUCLIDES	DEMONSTRATION POWER PLANT BASED ON THE EUCLIDES PHOTOVOLTAIC CONCENTRATOR					1996-09-01	2000-04-30		FP4	€ 3,288,625.00	€ 1,315,450.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	In this project a PV plant will be constructed and installed. The plant will be formed of 16 concentrators of 75 m long and 2.90 m wide each. The installed peak power will be 480 kWp. This type of concentration plant will be tested here for the first time in the world. In the Joule R&D programme (project n°JOU2-CT93-0418, Euclides) and in the THERMIE demonstration programme (project n° SE/109/91/ES/DE, Toledo PV) all the components have been developed and a 25 m long prototype has been installed and evaluated, with excellent results (measured system peak efficient, 15.1%; measured peak efficiency of the best module, including optical losses, 16.4%). Now the concentrator size will be enlarged to the foreseen economic size of modular units, consisting, each one, in two rows of 75 m long sharing a single tracking system. As compared to the concurrent USA technology for PV concentration, this technology uses reflecting instead of refracting optics, one axis instead of two axes tracking and encapsulated modules instead of bare cells enclosed in a module ‘housing’. The EUCLIDES demonstration plant will consist of 8 units, each one with 72 m long concentrators, that is 16 concentrators in total, paired in groups of two, that share a single tracking carriage. Each unit is rated in 62 kWp, so 480 kWp in total. Each one of the trackers will have an output of 750 V. In the concentrating module the concentrating cells are interconnected and encapsulated just like flat modules. The concentrating optics are mirrors instead of Fresnel lenses used previously in all PV concentration developments. The tracking system is one axis, horizontal, as it is thought that the one-axis solutions are cheaper than the two-axes tracking ones. The concentrating schemes present a more constant output than the flat panels, so they might present some advantage in the value of the electricity produced. Cells have been developed by BP and optical system and tracking by IES.
24455	FMBI972083	nan	Determination of quasi-fermi level separations in quantum well solar cells					1997-08-01	2000-07-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-TMR	0302;TP11	Research objectives and content The quantum well solar cell is a novel device in which quantum wells (QWs) are used to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) cells. QWs are ultra thin layers of low band-gap material, produced by modern epitaxial growth techniques, which have been extensively studied for lasers and other opto-electronic devices. The Imperial College group were the first to demonstrate that QWs enhance the short-circuit current and power conversion efficiency of p-i-n solar cells compared to control cells without wells. There has, however, been controversy concerning the output voltage QW cells might attain. This is determined, fundamentally, by the quasi-Fermi level separation (AEf). The aim of this project is to determine AEf quantitatively in multi-quantum well solar cells. The research will extend the work done in the Imperial College group by myself on my Diploma project while still a University of Karlsruhe undergraduate. The method is to measure the electroluminescence (EL) i.e. the light output from the cells in the dark, as a function of bias and temperature. The light output is calibrated in absolute units by measuring the photocurrent from a known laser excitation, and the bias and temperature dependence is modelled in terms of AEf. The calibration of the EL signal in absolute units is one of the innovative features of this project. The JOULE-THERMIE workprogramme recognises that ‘solar PV is among the most promising renewable technologies for long term energy supply…’ The quantitative determination of AEf is of fundamental importance for all types of solar cells, not just QW cells or those made from III-V materials Training content (objective, benefit and expected impact) The research project will be directed towards the award of a Ph.D. The Experimental Solid State Physics Group organises an M.Sc. in Semiconductor Science and Technology. I will take the M.Sc. courses will in the first year which will provide an ideal theoretical background for the project. The research experience, originality of the project and the organisational experience to be gained by collaborating with the group, Interdisciplinary Research Centre, industry and researchers in other U.K. universities and abroad will provide training which should result in the award of an excellent Ph.D. degree. Links with industry / industrial relevance (22) The group has very good links to EEV, a major European manufacturer of GaAs space solar cells grown by MOVPE. QWs can be added during MOVPE growth with no extra cost. BP Solar, the largest manufacturer of PV cells and modules in Europe, strongly supported the group’s recent application to the U.K. PV Technologies initiative. The research is relevant to many other QW devices being developed by European IT industry.
24555	IC18960039	nan	Desalination of sea-water using renewable energy sources					1996-10-01	2000-03-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-INCO	3010102	The main objectives are as follows: * To accumulate meteorological data in the Mediterranean area for desalination purposes. * To design a desalination method using the vapor compression method, under low pressure where, a) the compressor is powered by wind energy and b) solar energy is used for heating the feed. * To design another desalination method using the Multiple Effect Evaporation method, where the external heating in the top effect is achieved by solar trough collector. * To construct two pilot units using the two mentioned methods, and install them in two different countries (Greece and Jordan). * To monitor the operation of the pilot units and measure the necessary parameters. * To make a feasibility study for future construction of larger units in various sites of the Mediterranean. Expected Outcome The work carried out in this project would provide a pilot test for future further development of these desalination methods. The methods are oriented to handle the draught problem in small and isolated communities, with no technological supporting and facilities. A lot of such cases are appeared in the Mediterranean area, which also have high solar and wind energy potential. So the use of desalination methods with low investment cost, no operational cost, and a minimum of maintenance cost, seem to be very attractive. The key activities envisaged are: * Optimization of the operational parameters for the two methods (temperature, pressure, concentration ration etc.). * Design of the key components for the two methods (evaporator/condenser, compressor, windmill, solar collectors, auxiliary heat exchangers). Three critical points will be taken under consideration: a) Low construction cost, b) Low maintenance cost, c) Minimum control needs. * Construction and installation of the two pilot units. The installation areas are in Makedonia, Northern Greece, and in Aqaba, Southern Jordan. These sites have been chosen due to good meteorological conditions and available facilities for experimental operation. * Installation of a data acquisition system for monitoring the operation of the units. Development of the corresponding software. * Presentation of the operation results. These will correlate the quality and quantity of the produced water with the operational parameters, and also include the financial analysis of the operation. * Scale and site analysis for future industrial apply.
24579	JOR3970151	nan	New battery charge control for PV systems					1997-06-01	1999-11-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	The target of the presented project is to improve the life of lead-acid batteries. The battery manufacters of lead-acid open batteries give a life of S to 10 years for ‘special solar’ types (and sometimes more). These figures are generally used in the expected cost of solar systems. The on-site experiences show that the effective obtained life of these batteries is not the expected values: very often the real battery life is lower, and often more than two times lower. Why the observed life of batteries is not the expected ? It is not a question of manufacturing: the manufacturers have now an enough large experience in this field (thick plates, value of gravity, value of max voltage required…). It is, for us, due to the max charge quality of the batteries used in PV generators. The proposed research wants to develop a new regulation concept which uses as basic information, the gasing of lead-acid open batteries instead of the voltage, which is not, in fact, a good indication of the battery state of charge (it depends of charging current age of the battery, temperature !). Gasing of battery is an absolute an chemical phenomena (charging current, age, temperature…): when gasing appears (with homogene gravity electrolyte!. the battery is surely charged. – Gasing appears when the battery is charged, whatever the ‘environment’ parameters of the battery. – Proposed gasing detection (already tested on a model in a laboratory) is simple and reliable: storage of gas in a small receptacle installed in the electrolyte with electrodes inside: when gas has filled the receptacle, the electrodes are in gas and not in electrolyte and the electric resistance between these electrodes become infinite instead of zero, giving an information to the ‘outside’ world of the battery (the receptacle has a small calibrated hole to evacuate slowly the gas). – The use of this binary information can be taken into account in a ‘PV regulator’ which decides when the battery is charged, for example if ‘we can count x electrodes-drying for each battery element of the set within y minutes’. – The use of this binary information can also be used to check the good health of battery elements, for example if ‘the time to count x electrodes-drying of one element is y times greater than the average time for the set of the battery’. The different phases of this research will be: – Studies of variation of the operating conditions – Reactivation of the laboratory model, validation of observed results – Study, design and development of pre-industrial sensors – Development of mathematical model for the overcharge process – Tests of the prototypes of gassing detection systems – Study, design and development of pre-industrial regulators – Tests of pre-industrial prototypes in laboratory, comparison with classic controllers – On site tests of pre-industrial prototypes
24606	JOR3970145	NEST	New and enhanced silicon thin-film solar cells					1997-06-01	1999-05-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	NEST is a project uniting five European research groups, having a long collaboration history, in the common task of developing silicon thin film cell technology well off present efficiency, stability and technological barriers. The research organisations that participate in this project have achieved up to now stable efficiencies around 10%, holding the European record in a-Si cells, and stable efficiencies of 7.7% on completely æac-Si normal p-i-n cells. The main goal of the project is to develop in the next two years, inverted stacked tandem cells, by incorporating the promising æc-Si bottom cell and by applying major innovations and new technical solutions to the existing know-how of tandem solar cells. Namely the new tandem structures that will be developed are inverted tandems grown on metal and plastic substrates, that will contain the new completely stable microcrystalline silicon bottom cell. Significant effort will be dedicated to the development of new top TCO layers for the inverted structure, that will have superior behaviour in the conditions imposed by the incorporation of the new layers, improved buffer layers, tunnel junction, and light trapping techniques. A major part of this study is devoted to the optimization and deposition rate enhancement of the microcrystalline layers, and further improvement of its optical absorption. The tools used for the achievement of these tasks in a non-empirical manner, include extensive process, interface, materials and device function analysis. As a result, it is expected to achieve completely stable tandem eff1ciencies in excess of 10% and will to module efficiencies better than 9%.
24685	SE./00105/96	nan	GSM TELEPHONE STATION WITH PV					1996-11-01	1999-12-31		FP4	€ 1,197,700.00	€ 478,800.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	The purpose of this project is to show the great technical and economical progress made in medium scale photovoltaic systems for telecommunications which are now capable to support electric power with the same quality and service guarantee as a conventional power source. The project plans to prove a better service than a diesel generator through providing 15 complete power system in Spain with 5.7 kWp each to supply the electrical needs to the GSM relay stations. The power source to operate all the telecommunication equipment’s is mainly a photovoltaic system utilising diesel engine system as a backup. The PV part has an array of solar modules of 5.7 kWp and the diesel has 10 kVA. The load has 500 W continues working 24 h and 365 days per year. The diesel engine will give an average of 20% per year of the energy to the battery to start the engine. The control charge regulator called mP-60 manufactured and developed by ATERSA.
25282	JOR3970137	UPMS	Universal PV management system					1997-06-01	2000-05-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	302	PROJECT OBJECTIVES The proposed activities aim at developing the first two prototypes of a Universal Photovoltaic Management System (UPMS) based on two selected standard sizes for application in hybrid PV power plants. The basic aims are to achieve substantial cost reduction and reliability improvements over the past conventional balance of system (BOS) configurations. This UPMS concept combines in one container all power electronics, energy management unit, and their cabling necessary to control, regulate power, and monitor a complete hybrid PV plant. Cost reduction and reliability improvements are possible because all of the critical BOS hardware and wiring are integrated in one box, resulting in use of common parts, cheaper transportation, installation, testing, and maintenance. TECHNICAL APPROACH The technical approach is to develop two basic types of Universal PV Management System (UPMS) which are briefly described below as Types A and B: -Type A: This is intended as a modular standardized size to be used in low-power hybrid PV power plant, installed near the user’s or owner’s residence, with a standard ac output rating of 3 kVA, PV array sized at 1.5 kW, and battery capacity of 600 Ah. All power electronics, power distribution switching and protective devices, monitoring capability, and energy management systems are completely packaged inside one container. The power sources, one solar irradiance sensor and the residential loads are the only connections to this UPMS. -Type B: This is also modularized and standardized but for larger power applications such as centralized village power source. The standard ratings selected are ac output rating of 15 kVA, PV array sized up to 10kW, and battery capacity of 1,500 Ah. The packaging of the UPMS is the same as Type A. The system would be located at a central point in the village. EXPECTED ACHIEVEMENTS AND EXPLOITATION The project will result in the development of two prototypes of a universal PV management system (UPMS) based on two selected standard sizes for application in hybrid PV plants. The basic aims are to achieve significant cost reduction and reliability improvements over the past BOS configuration. All key R&D results will be presented in conferences and key technologies developed will be reported to other EU partners.
25633	SE./00146/96	HELIOTRAM	250 KWP PV POWER PLANTS FOR DIRECT INJECTION IN LIGHT TRAIN LOW VOLTAGE DC NETWORKS					1996-11-01	2000-08-31		FP4	€ 3,048,860.00	€ 1,219,544.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	Public transportation low voltage networks are particularly well suited for direct connection of PV systems because of their electrical characteristics and since the load of the network coincides with the PV production. So, very simple and therefore reliable PV power stations can be build to inject the solar production in such networks. The purpose of this project is to manufacture and install such PV power plants in Germany (Hannover) and in Switzerland (Geneva and Lausanne). The PV modules are connected in large series to reach a sufficient nominal voltage to feed the network through the diodes. The number of modules to be used in each series will be determined during the first phase of the project according the network voltage characteristics and the weather conditions. The PV modules to be used will be determined on invitation to tender with the conditions of high voltage certification. Antilightening protection will be added along with a general manual switch to disconnect totally the plants from the network. A network voltage control will be added, disconnecting the PV modules in case the voltage reaches the high voltage or low voltage boundaries. A data logger, will be installed on each power plant to monitor the following network voltage, PV currents, sun radiance, temperature and connection state of the plant to the network. TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS Direct connection of the series of modules to the low voltage network. Incite the manufacturer of PV modules to certify their modules for a high voltage usage. Test of a maximum power point tracking dc-dc converter.
25677	IC18960104	nan	Clean water with clean energy. Drinking water provision in remote regions with decentralised solar power supply					1996-12-01	2000-03-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-INCO	3010102	The main objectives are as follows: * To get an overview on the situation of drinking water provision in rural regions of Latin America. * To get an overview on the one hand on water treatment technologies applied in rural regions of Latin America and on the other hand on commercially available devices for decentralised drinking water purification. * To make suggestions for sustainable water management in rural villages in Latin America. * To set up design guidelines for decentralised drinking water purification systems powered by solar energy. * To couple treatment devices for decentralised drinking water provision to photovoltaic systems and to develop by this way stand-alone water purification systems. * To install two water purification systems powered by solar photovoltaics in two pilot-villages, one in the province of San Juan, Argentina, and the other one in the State of Mexico, Mexico. * To disseminate the experience gained in the project. Expected Outcome The work carried out in this project together with the World Health Organisation WHO as external partner should provide suggestions how to improve drinking water provision and therefore how to improve living conditions and health of people settling in rural areas of Latin America. Recommendations for design, implementation and operation of solar powered water purification systems will help to achieve this goal. The key activities envisaged are: * Assessment of situation of water pollution, needs of water and needs of drinking water purification together with the legal background in rural regions of Latin America. * Isolation of typical problems regarding the water provision in rural Latin America. * Elaboration of a catalogue of applicable purification technologies and available devices. * Laboratory- and field tests of promising drinking water purification devices. * Analysis of the water management in different villages in Argentina and Mexico from a socio-technical point of view. * Elaboration of general design guidelines for solar powered water purification devices. * Development of at least two water purification systems operated by solar photovoltaics. * Implementation of two drinking water purification systems in two villages in Argentina and Mexico. Important steps: selection of pilot-villages, preparation of the villages, installation and evaluation. * Elaboration and realisation of three seminars in Latin America for the dissemination of the projects results.
25910	SE./00178/96	nan	1 MW DECENTRALIZED AND BUILDING INTEGRATED PV SYSTEM IN A NEW HOUSING AREA OF A CITY					1996-09-01	2000-12-31		FP4	€ 8,886,870.00	€ 1,807,660.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	The project is a full scale demonstration of a 1 MW BIPV-system in an urban area of the Netherlands through the construction of 350 PV houses. Aims include : large scale demonstration of the technological and architectural potential of BIPV, cost reductions through optimised integration and economies of scale and the establishment of an infrastructure for future co-operation between key decision makers. Prefabricated PV-roofing and facade elements will be architecturally integrated into 350 hours in Amersfoort, Netherlands. Standard frameless PV modules supplied by 2 or 3 manufacturers will be used to provide a total system power of 1 MW. All houses will have standardised electrical designs, including individual inverters. The PV systems will be owned by REMU, although ownership may be transferred to the building owner in exchange for a financial contribution to the project. REMU will be responsible for the maintenance and operation of the systems for a period of 10 years. The size of the project has necessitated the redesign of the electrical infrastructure by REMU. The local authorities have ordered a consortium of project developers to develop the entire area of 5000 dwellings, schools etc. Monitoring will be done via the television cable network.
26378	SE./00135/96	nan	INSTALLATION OF A TOTAL 60 KWP OF A NEW TYPE MODULAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS IN ISLAND OF SIFNOS					1996-12-01	2000-03-31		FP4	€ 929,103.00	€ 371,643.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-THERMIE C	3.1	The project aims to initiate a large scale of photovoltaic systems in the Greek islands. To demonstrate the profitability of the PV systems in the Mediterranean islands, the environmental benefits, and to verify that there are no major technical problems for the introduction of the PV systems to the local grids. A 60 kWp grid connected PV system will be installed in the Greek island of Sifnos. The system will consist of small modular units. The technology adopted in this project will have the rights size for replications in other Greek islands by the utility or individuals. The island of Sifnos was selected as a typical Greek island, with following electrical characteristics : – electricity supplied by diesel generators – local grid weak and low quality – increasing electricity demand and – a peaking load during summer tourist season. Involvment of the Greek Electricity Utility (PPC), which is key to the promotion of photovoltaics in greek islands, is considered as an innovative and important part of the project. Regarding the system components, both the PV modules and inverters are used for the first time. The PV modules are expected to be more reliable than the ones used in by PPC before. The new type reliable than the ones used in by PPC before. The new type of inverter, adjusted for operation in weak island grids, will allow for efficient operation of small PV systems and reduction of power conditioning.
26473	IC18960098	nan	Potential for use of renewable sources of energy in Asia and their cost effectiveness in air pollution abatement					1997-01-01	2000-06-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-INCO	3010101	This project aims on the promotion of renewable forms of energy in China and India by quantifying their potential beneficial role in air pollution abatement policies. This should be achieved by an integrated assessment of the costs and the environmental impacts of renewable forms of energy, particularly in comparison with other fossil fuels. Major aspects of the project are: * An assessment of the potential for renewables by a detailed bottom-up analysis of the energy demand, taking into account the economic heterogeneity within countries and economic sectors, as well as the costs of different energy systems. * An analysis of the costs of emission control through use of renewable fuels. These will be compared to costs of individual control technologies for fossil fuels, as well as of alternative strategies to avoid acidification problems in Asia. * Development of a policy analysis tool for exploring cost-effective strategies for air pollution abatement, in particular focusing at the role of renewable energy. * Creating expert capacity in China and India to assess the potential role of renewable energy sources in air pollution abatement strategies. Expected Outcome This project will result in scenarios for use of renewables in China and India, including a business-as-usual scenario and a policy scenario in which use of renewables is encouraged. In addition, the cost-effectiveness of strategies for air pollution abatement will be explored. The results of the study will be used as input to one of the workshops, leading to policy recommendations with respect to use of renewables. The project consists of the following work packages: 1. The first work package includes a bottom-up analysis of the potential demand for renewable sources of energy in China and India. The potential for renewable forms of energy in China and India is analyzed for the period 1990 – 2020. Traditional as well as non-traditional renewables are included: water, solar energy, wind energy, and biomass. Current trends as well as potential maximum for renewables is considered. 2. The second work package focuses on evaluation of renewables in air pollution abatement. Costs of emission control through renewable fuels will be analyzed and compared to costs of other control options as available in RAINS ASIA. A policy analysis tool is developed for exploring cost-effective strategies for air pollution abatement. 3. Third, workshops and training will be organized during which participants will be trained how to use the acidification model RAINS ASIA. In addition, policy recommendations will be formulated with respect to use of renewables in China and India.
26483	1927	VALWAPHOTO	VALIDATION OF A SYSTEM FOR OPTIMISING WATER RESOURCES IN TREE CROPS AND TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSFER OF TELEMANAGER MOBILE PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS					nan	nan		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-INNOVATION	1	The project consists of the introduction to the agricultural sector of technology which allows the optimisation and rationalisation of hydro and energy resources and the optimisation of fruit tree crops in Southern Europe. Technology from research in new irrigation systems will be validated which measure, and adjust in real time, the water consumption of fruit trees. The technology to be used is transferred from the Photovoltaic and Telecommunications sectors.
26658	IC20970028	nan	Ultra compact high flux gaas cell photovoltaic concentrator					1997-06-01	1999-05-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-INCO	302	The objective of the project is to combine existing industrial technologies and optimise them in a PV concentrator device which has the economic potential to produce bulk electrical power at the low cost required to justify its integration in a utility grid in Southern Europe (Spain, Italy, Portugal, Greece, South of France). The existing industrial technologies to be assembled and optimised are the following: (a) A concentrator providing 1000 suns on the solar cell whilst still allowing an angular acceptance of \ 1,5 degrees to produce more than 95% of the maximum power. This later feature has never been used before in a PV system. (b) Liquid Phase Epitaxy GaAs cells developed by a cheap technology similar to the one used in European optoelectronic industry. Also GaAs cells deriving from recent industrialisation in Europe of thin space solar cells by MOCVD epitaxy. Two substrate options will be evaluated: GaAs and germanium. (c) Bonding and packaging technology already developed for common optoelectronic commercial devices (LED’s, photodiodes, etc.) which are of similar dimensions to the GaAs solar cells envisaged. The technological targets to be achieved by the concentrator device are the following: (a) Conversion efficiency range 20-22% (@ Tcell=25 C); (b) GaAs cell efficiency 24-26% (@ 1000 suns and Tcell=25 C) with a cell diameter in the range 0.5-2 mm, (c) optical efficiency greater than 85%, (d)concentrator aperture 18-70 mm, (e)total concentrator thickness from 0.3 to 0.4 times the concentrator aperture diameter, (f) an angular acceptance not smaller than \ 1.5 degrees between incidence angl for which the output power is 95% of the maximum power, and \ 2.5 degrees for 5 (of power), and (g) a heat sink producing a cell temperature not greater than 40ºC above the am temperature. GaAs cells have already proved to be efficient at irradiances above 1000 suns and one of the partners (IES-UPM) has achieved 23% at 1300 suns (confirmed by the Fraunhofer Institute in Freiburg). Three innovations will be explored in this project with respect to the GaAs cell and the cost objectives of the concentrator device: l) A semiconductor structure similar to the one obtained by MOCVD (i.e., contac layer, window layer, pn junction and BSF layer) but grown up by Liquid Phase Epitaxy with a new low temperature process developed by one of the partners (IOFFE Institute) which allows layer growing rates as low as one nanometer/s (500-700º). 2) A semiconductor structure as described above, but grown on a germanium substrate which is less expensive and may have better thermal properties because of its thickness being less than half of that of GaAs substrate with equivalent industrial production yields. 3) A small area GaAs cell. The small area has several advantages in this project: Production yield increases; heat extraction is easier because perimetric heat spread contribution becomes important, etc. On the other hand, for a given module power, the number of operations associated to a single cell or to a single concentrator increases, but these operations van be highly automated based on the existing tools and equipments developed for the optoelectronics industry. One of the partners (TEMIC) has a broad experience in this field and a leader position in the market. The optical concentrator, called RXI and which is one of the main innovations of the project, was designed according to a new method developed by Minano et al. at IES-UPM. It has two features which make it particularly intersting for the project. 1) a very wide acceptance angle (\1.5 degrees for C=1200) and a very compact aspect ratio (concentrator thickness/aperture diameter < 0.3).
26684	ENV4960292	nan	Integrating technology diffusion micro models for assessing sustainable development policy options					1996-07-01	1998-10-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-ENV 2C	4	To analyze the macro-economic consequences of the process of technology adoption and diffusion of three ‘environmentally friendly’ new technologies. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the macro-economic consequences of the process of technology adoption and diffusion of three ‘environmentally friendly’ new technologies. DESCRIPTION: The research bridges the gap between aggregated representations of technology used in Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) type macro-economic forecasting models, and more detailed micro-models at the level of specific technologies. Improved technology adoption/diffusion models for potentially important new environmentally relevant technologies are developed and integrated into a macroeconomic framework. The employment and resource consumption implications, at the European level, of the three innovative technologies that are widely considered to be ‘environmentally friendly’ are then analysed. These technologies are: i) the use of non-polluting electric vehicles in urban areas(combined with computerized traffic controls, integration with other modes of transport such as high-speed trains, and congestion taxes); ii) the integration of photo-voltaic (PV) and solar heatingtechnologies in buildings; iii) the use of biofuels in automotive transportation. A projection of (technological) performance and costs for each of these technologies is prepared, leading to the formulation of an adoption/diffusion model which describes the process of diffusion through an ‘experience curve’. The innovation submodels are integrated in a CGE framework in an iterative fashion. Several alternative ‘policy mixes’, including fiscal reforms are tested and their political acceptability assessed with respect to those ‘external’ considerations which are not directly incorporated in the models. These include equity issues as well as local and global environmental concerns.
27424	JOE3980095	SMART WINDOW	An innovative adaptive, independently controlled window system with smart controlled solar shading and ventilation					1998-11-01	2001-04-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	201
27743	IC18980265	nan	Development and optimization of a new process for desalination of sea water by means of solar energy					1998-11-01	2003-10-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-INCO	3010102
27746	IC18980273	nan	Technical development and demonstration of closed-loop procedures in electroplating and metal chemistry using solar energy or waste heat to avoid waste water and to minimize solid waste which can be utilized					1998-11-01	2001-04-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-INCO	3010102
28232	JOR3987048	nan	Architectural integration of solar systems in buildings					1999-03-01	2001-02-28		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	303
28234	JOR3987038	nan	Improvement of energy power of solar roof by ventilation with a linear static exhauster.					1999-02-01	2001-01-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	301
28610	FP4_28514	VISOLAR	Production integrated visual inspection and quality prediction for solar cells and modules					1998-07-01	1999-09-30		FP4	€ 422,500.00	€ 211,250.00	0	0	0	0	FP4-ESPRIT 4	6.23
28706	JOE3987020	nan	Thin membrane heat pipe solar absorber with fresnel lens					1998-12-01	2000-11-30		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	201
29435	IC20980402	nan	Solar building facades					1999-01-01	2001-12-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-INCO	nan
29535	JOR3987002	STATIC	Stagnation proof, transparently insulated flat plate solar collectors					1998-09-01	2000-12-31		FP4	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP4-NNE-JOULE C	303
29838	HPRN-CT-2000-00127	nan	Photo-induced charge transfer in the novel low bandgap polymer semiconductors and their use in photovoltaic devices					2000-09-01	2004-08-31		FP5	€ 1,421,000.00	€ 1,421,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-HUMAN POTENTIAL	nan
30055	ENK6-CT-2002-00677	TREASURE	Thin film crystalline silicon solar cell on metallurgical silicon substrate (TREASURE)					2002-11-01	2005-10-31		FP5	€ 2,114,282.00	€ 1,293,523.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	Objectives and problems to be solved: The EU programme on energy calls for mass production of PV systems with a cost target of <1€/Wp for the long term helping the PV industry reach the White Paper target of 3GWp capacity in 2010. Such programme will need supply of large quantity of Solar Grade Silicon for the production of crystalline silicon PVs. A shortage of silicon feedstock is expected in the years to come as long as the PV industry will rely on the off spec silicon waste stream from the semiconductor industry. The high cost of PV energy could be another barrier that could limit its global utilization. The main objectives of the project are to develop a thin film silicon solar cell/ module from low cost and abundant metallurgical silicon feedstock. This approach has also a potential to reducing the PV energy cost to meet the target goal. Description of work: Industrial partner will produce PV-Grade silicon by advanced metallurgy refining processes. The directional solidification ingots from this feedstock will be made and partner 2 will slice the grown ingots to wafers of about 300 m thick. A pilot apparatus will be used for batch growth of thin film by Liquid Phase Epitaxy. Thin film absorber will be made suing melt-back of substrate without the need for highly cost Electronic Grade Silicon. A new electrochemical texturisation will be applied for effective light trapping. Mono- and bifacial solar cells on the texturised epilayers will be made using low cost screen-printing. The material Characterisation will include the substrate, thin film growth, and solar cell using appropriate methods. The cost analysis for the emerging technology will be evaluated. Expected Results and Exploitation Plans: Mid-term target is to achieve 13% efficiency on 5×5 cm2 wafers. At the end of project the expected results include 14% solar cell efficiency on standard sizes wafer and 13% on a module of 36 cells. The expected achievement is a solar cell module cost of about 3€/Wp for monofacial and 2.5 €/Wp for bifacial soar cell module. A Technology Implementation Plan will describe the exploitation plan to implement the achieved results.
30107	ENK6-CT-2001-80578	PV-EC-NET	Network for co-ordination of european an national rtd programmes for photovoltaic solar energy (PV-EC-NET)					2002-01-01	2003-12-31		FP5	€ 1,407,088.00	€ 999,997.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	PV-EC-NET is a Thematic Network of the representatives of the national RTD programmes for Photovoltaic Solar Energy (PV) of the EU Member States and two EU Associated States. The main target of PV-EC-NET is to improve the coherence of the PV RTD programmes within EU in order to increase the efficiency of the national and EC RTD budgets, now at 120 MEuro in total. To achieve this PV-EC-NET will implement an information network and perform a benchmark of the programmes. This information will then be used for the analysis of the position of EU in the world PV market. Based on this, PV-EC-NET will formulate a Common European PV RTD Strategy and prepare recommendations for future European Thematic Networks and Target and Key actions. In doing so, PV-EC-NET will address all aspects of PV RTD, including environmental issues (LCA’ s), large-scale implementation and grid connection.
30150	ENK5-CT-2001-00579	CONMAN	Improvement of photovoltaic concentrator systems and technology transfer to a manufacturer (CONMAN)					2002-01-01	2005-06-30		FP5	€ 1,034,464.00	€ 721,894.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	This proposal will develop concentrating PV systems that have an equivalent module Cost of 1 euro/Wp. These will reduce the cost of solar electricity by a factor of 2 to 3.A prior JOULE 3 project demonstrated that PV concentrator systems with concentration ratios about 30x could be built for 1.7 euro/Wp. This cost reduction came from reduced cell area, small-aperture collectors, which saved material costs and simplified the heat sinking, and the use of modified commercial one-sun cells. This project will improve these designs, using cheaper materials, and novel solar cells and collectors at up to 200x. By paying careful attention to detail design and ease of large-scale manufacture, the EU target cost of 1euro/Wp can be met.2m² prototypes will be built and tested. Then a manufacturer in Southern Spain will set upon initial production line, and assemble three 5 kWp grid-connected systems for test and demonstration purposes.
30257	ENK6-CT-2001-30006	SPURT	Silicon purification technology for solar cells at low costs and medium scale (SPURT)					2002-01-01	2004-03-31		FP5	€ 1,976,000.00	€ 988,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	Objectives and Problems to be solved :SPURT aims at alleviating the PV industry dependence on scrap from the electronics industry and at the same time at reducing the cost of feedstock. The bottleneck that all producers of sog-Sibased on carbothermic reduction face is to remove carbon (left from the carbon used to reduce the quartz) and metals (present as impurities in the quartz) from the silicon on large-scale in a cost effective and reliable manner. SPURT aims to develop an economically attractive solution for the purification of silicon produced via carbothermic routes. By combining experiments with hydrodynamic and thermo-chemical simulations, relevant parameters will be studied and optimised to enable selection of the most economical large-scale purification technique. Thus, the project will provide the detailed knowledge necessary to make a basis of design for a pilot plant for sag-Si. In SPURT, the purification will be studied on a scale of up to 250 kg/batch. The development of production technology for large quantities of sog-Si will enable the continued growth of the PVsectorat 30% or more per year. This provides an opportunity for the SME’s to set up large-scale production of sog-Si. Description of Work :The work is structured in 5 phases: development of Silicon metal (Si) based on a continuous run of the SOLSILC R&D process, development on small-scale of process parameters for the purification process on medium-scale, development of medium-scale process, optimisation of medium-scale process and dissemination and exploitation. The work is divided into 7 work packages, each consisting of a number of interrelated tasks: 1. Silicon metal development. 2. Small scale experiments for purification and directional solidification. 3. Development of medium scale process, both carbon removal as directional solidification. 4. Optimisation through several test runs of the medium scale process. 5. Analysis of the test material and of the solar cells produced from these test materials. 6. Preparation for implementation and dissemination & training. 7. Project management. Expected results and exploitation plans :The project duration is 24 months. After 1 year the feasibility of the small scale process has been assessed, based on the process developed. The consortium is confidant, that by the end of the project, the medium scale process will be made, and the process parameters will be clear. Moreover by then, a basis of design of the process is drawn up, and the technology is ready to be implemented in a 1000 ton/annum sog-Si plant. The project will lead to a basis of design for a sog-Si pilot plant, with a capacity of 1000 t/a. Commercial scale production is envisaged to commence in 2006.
30258	ENK5-CT-2002-80665	PV-CENTER	Photovoltaic center of competence in poland					2002-11-01	2006-07-31		FP5	€ 180,000.00	€ 180,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	The activities of the Photovoltaic Centre in Poland will promote the widespread use of solar (PV) energy as realistic, reliable, and economic energy sources, thus encouraging the integration of PV energy into Poland’s research, economy and everyday life. The links between PV Centre and other EU centres will be improved through networking, exchange, workshops, training and twinning and provide direct interaction and visibility to future PV research and technology. The co-operation will greatly strengthen capacity of the PV Centre in solving environmental problems and its capability at the service of the economic and social needs of Poland, in conformity with the interest of the Union as a whole. Thus, the action will strongly promote PV research and applications, supporting the EU’s RES policies and GHG reduction targets.
30265	ENK6-CT-2002-00613	SWEET	Silicon wafer equivalents based on crystalline silicon thin-film solar cells grown epitaxially on low cost silicon substrates (SWEET)					2002-11-01	2005-10-31		FP5	€ 3,194,798.00	€ 1,597,398.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	Objectives and problems to be solved: The readiness issue of silicon is a medium to long-term threat for PV industry to move beyond the growth constraints imposed by the current supply of feedstock. The main objective of the research project SWEET is to develop ‘wafer-equivalents’, i.e. cost-effective thin film silicon solar cells grown on low-cost silicon substrates, represented either by recycled silicon wafers or by wafers cast from highly doped ‘off-spec’ silicon feedstock not used by the IC industry. The aim is to achieve 16% cell and 14% module efficiency. With this new source of silicon feedstock for the production of PV power, a medium-term cost target of <2.0 €/Wp, and a long term cost target <1 €/Wp shall be achieved. Description of work: For the fabrication of a PV module made from crystalline silicon solar cells, highest cost reduction potential lies in the wafer and cell processing steps. Using reduced-quality silicon feedstock and thin silicon layers are two important steps to realize a cost reduction. Both steps will be addressed in the proposed project work. Main goal is to achieve high efficiencies and lowest cost for a wafer equivalent, which can be introduced directly into a standard solar cell production line. This requires removing a number of technical/economic constraints before the technology can be implemented in a large scale. The work programme therefore includes: – casting of crystals from off-spec silicon best suited for a high-quality substrate; – cost reduction of crystal growth and use of larger and thinner wafers; – usage of re-cycled wafers from IC industry as ‘feedstock’ source from ‘waste’; – optimisation of innovative high-throughput epitaxial CVD growth of silicon layers; – application of surface structuring methods to increase light trapping; – application of innovative passivation techniques to increase cell efficiency; – investigation of applicability of wafer-equivalents in standard cell production lines; – fabrication of modules made from wafer-equivalents based on crystalline silicon thin-film solar cells; – calculation of cost saving potentials given by this technology. Expected results and exploitation plans: Key deliverables of the project are: 1. a 16% efficient solar cell 10x10cm2 on a wafer equivalent made from low-cost silicon; 2. a 14% efficient solar cell module from wafer equivalents made from low-cost silicon; 3. An economic assessment of thin film silicon solar cells/modules from low-cost Si substrates with epic layers. As a result of the project, a technology will be available to manufacture cost-efficient silicon thin-film solar cells based on double-usage of silicon wafers or otherwise wasted highly pure off-spec silicon.
30286	ENK6-CT-2002-00660	NESSI	N-type solar grade silicon for efficient p+n solar cells (NESSI)					2002-11-01	2005-10-31		FP5	€ 2,968,287.00	€ 1,788,629.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	The proposed project will make highly n-doped silicon waste from the semiconductor industry available as a new source of low-cost feedstock for solar cells. Refining steps and equipment will be developed to reduce the do pant concentration by orders of magnitude. This will more than double the present quantity of usable waste silicon. The extra feedstock will be sufficient for 1.3- 1.8 Gap cumulative installed PV capacity in 2010, approx.50% of the EU target. In addition, the project will develop cell-processing technology for n-type wafers. By employing a wafer thickness of 200 micron and process steps such as self-aligned selective emitter and co-diffusion of emitter and back surface field, high conversion efficiency at low cost will be reached in accordance with EU targets for 2010 and beyond. Cells with efficiency of 15.5% will be produced in an industrial scheme,16.5% in a high-efficiency scheme. Both parts of the project will be tested at pilot scale in industry, and implementation will be prepared. The results will be available at an appropriate time, when a serious shortage is expected of the presently used feedstock for silicon solar cells.
30310	ENK5-CT-2002-80667	RO-SWEET	Solar and wind technology excellence, knowledge exchange and twinning actions romanian centre (RO-SWEET)					2002-11-01	2005-10-31		FP5	€ 350,000.00	€ 350,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	The project aims at increasing the scope of the Centre and the liaisons with another European similar organisations and to integrate the Centre into European Research Area. The proposed package comprises following activities: 1.solar and wind stand-alone applications; workgroups with partnership organisations for development/improvement of system components and design in a more cost-effective manner. 2. Integration of solar systems in buildings; it is foreseen workgroups for studying new solutions for building integration and PV grid-connection. 3.improve performances of hybrid photovoltaic and wind stand-alone and micro-grids systems for rural areas and tourism. 4.0rganisation of a Technical Conference with European participation in the field of Solar and Wind energy. 5.WEB page of the Centre and PV and wind library. 6. Will be organised fellow visits, workshops, and a study tour. The results will be disseminated to important fairs and conferences.
30499	ENK6-CT-2002-00629	HYDROSOL	Catalytic monolith reactor for hydrogen generation from solar water splitting (HYDROSOL)					2002-11-01	2005-10-31		FP5	€ 2,634,300.00	€ 1,317,149.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	Objectives and Problems to be solved: The effective harnessing of the huge energy potential of solar radiation has been a subject of primary technical interest and attracted significant scientific attention during the past decade. Highly intensive solar radiation can be obtained by developed parabolic dishes tracking the sun with heliostats. The areas of Southern Europe with high insulation and potential installation of such solar tower plants are mostly coincident with economically depressed regions. The conversion of the so obtained solar energy into transformable forms such as e.g. reduced chemical compounds able to be re-used as fuels (‘solar fuels’) are a concept of major importance. One of the reactions that have tremendous economical interest because of the low economical value of its reactants as well as because of the high economical value of its products is the dissociation of water to oxygen and hydrogen. The proposed Project not only employs the use of renewable solar energy but also produces hydrogen, a ‘clean’ fuel considered to be the energy source of the future with the advancement of fuel cell technology, without any CO2 emissions. Description of the work: By far the most economically attractive reaction for the production of hydrogen is the decomposition of water and the direct pure hydrogen production. However because of unfavourable thermodynamics interesting yields can only be achieved at very high temperatures imposing therefore technological difficulties to any ideas trying to couple solar energy as the driving energy for the reaction. Catalytic materials are therefore required in order to lower the reaction temperature. The reaction is carried out via a two-step process. In the first step the activated catalyst dissociates water and produces hydrogen; in the second step the used catalyst is regenerated. The concept has been proven experimentally, however the catalyst regeneration temperatures are still high (i.e. >1600°C). The aim of this proposal is to exploit solar energy for the catalytic dissociation of water and the production of hydrogen. The basic idea is to combine a support structure capable of achieving high temperatures when heated by concentrated solar radiation, with a catalyst system suitable for the performance of water dissociation and at the same time suitable for regeneration at these temperatures, so that complete operation of the whole process (water splitting and catalyst regeneration) can be achieved by a single solar energy converter. The purpose of this project is thus twofold; 1. Development of novel catalytic materials for the water dissociation reaction at moderate temperatures (800-1100oC) and of the associated coating technology on supports, 2. Integration of the developed material technologies into a solar catalytic reactor suitable for incorporation into solar energy concentration systems, opening the road towards a complete hydrogen fuel production unit based on solar energy. Expected results and exploitation plans: The integration of systems for concentrating solar radiation with reaction systems able to split water molecules forms a system of immense value and impact on the energetic and economics worldwide. The project concerns a key technology for using solar heat to chemical processes (hydrogen production) aiming to reaction yields which when obtained at the temperature interval described above consist a significant improvement of the current ‘state of the art’ and open serious possibilities towards commercialisation of the technology. The project will have a significant impact both from contributing to achievement of the ecological targets (emission reduction, natural source preservation) as well as from job creation and economical growth push to not yet fully developed EU areas particularly those coinciding with high direct normal insulation.
30598	ENK5-CT-2001-00567	RE-SI-CLE	Recycling of silicon rejects from pv production cycle (RE-SI-CLE)					2002-01-01	2004-12-31		FP5	€ 2,854,403.00	€ 1,268,597.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	Objectives and problems to be solved: The major objective of the RE-Si-CLE project is the demonstration of technologies that allow the recycling of 75% of the silicon rejects contained in exhausted wire cutting slurries. On an economical level the project goal is the demonstration of recycling costs below 20€/kg Si. In addition the project developments should allow the PV industry to reduce their industrial wastes from currently 30tons of exhausted slurries per MW produced PV power to 5 tons. During the slicing of silicon blocks into thin photovoltaic wafers by multiple wire saw technology, around 34% of the silicon (or 5 tons of silicon per MW produced PV power), that entered the PV production as silicon feedstock, is lost in form of fine silicon powders which accumulate in the wire sawing slurries. These slurries usually consist of a liquid, either polyethylene glycol (PEG) or oil, and fine silicon carbide grains, which due to their high mechanical hardness are responsible for the cutting action at the places where the wire interacts with the silicon block. As a result, after a certain number of wire cutting cycles and depending on the applied cutting processes, the exhausted slurries contain up to 10% of silicon. The technical objectives of the project can be summarised as follows: I. separation of silicon powders from exhausted wire sawing slurries by a combination of mechanical and chemical treatments II. Conditioning and purification of the separated silicon by plasma evaporation of residual impurities to arrive at suitable silicon feedstock III. Demonstration of highly performing solar cells (with of 16%) on multi-crystalline wafers produced from the recycled silicon Work performed and achievements to date. The following points have been achieved during the first 12 months of the project work: – Granulometric and chemical analysis of different types of fresh and exhausted slurries – Application and adaptation of existing equipment for the recycling of SiC and the liquid in order to produce a Si rich paste-like residue mix called ‘sludge’ with the highest SiC and liquid removal yield possible – Chemical and mechanical approach to remove Fe and other metals from the sludge, general feasibility of the processes – Pre-fusion treatment to remove the residual liquid from the sludge and to arrive at solid silicon pieces for the plasma purification -Definition of most effective plasma purification conditions (highest performance and minimal Si losses), in terms of processing windows by chemical modelling of the plasma purification process – Calculation of acceptable impurity concentrations in the silicon at different stages of the recycling and purification treatment in order to arrive at high efficient solar cells.
30629	ENK5-CT-2002-00631	PVSAT-2	Intelligent performance check of pv operation using satellite data (PVSAT-2)					2002-11-01	2005-10-31		FP5	€ 1,295,244.00	€ 771,284.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	PVSAT-2 will set up an advanced remote performance check for PV systems. The yields of a system will be calculated based on solar irradiances derived from satellite data . Superior to existing routines, PVSAT-2 will include: A cheap hardware device integrated into the PV system for automated measurements and two-way communication with a central client-server decision making system; A central knowledge-based decision making system, which will analyse the performance of the PV system pn a daily basis, and will be able to detect system failures and its possible causes; An improved irradiance calculation scheme. It will increase accuracy by using additional on-line ground data for an kriging-of-the-differences interpolation and supports the decision-making system by supplying information on the expected quality of the derived irradiance values.
30891	G5RD-CT-2001-00558	ECOPRO-SIGE	Economical production of sige material for microelectronics and optoelectronics applications					2001-09-01	2004-08-31		FP5	€ 4,949,941.00	€ 2,991,035.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-GROWTH	1.1.3.-5.	The project will develop an economical, reliable 200/300 mm industrial tool for fabrication of SiGe pseudosubstrates by growing relaxed layers of SiGe on silicon wafers. The project will demonstrate that SiGe-PS can be used for the fabrication of high performant devices for Microelectronics and Optoelectronics (MOSFET’s, Electroluminescent diode and Solar cell). These demonstrations: i) open the road to overcome severe bottleneck CMOS technology will face in the next 10/15 years ii) open the road to monolithic integration of GaAs with bulk silicon and fabrication of integrated EL diode for System on Chip applications iii) allow fabrication of cheap large area solar cells. The Consortium gathers together prestigious European laboratories in the fields of SiGe, dep sumicron CMOS technologies, optoelectronics. Project achievements will increase competitiveness of European Technology.
31044	ENK5-CT-2001-35004	HELSOLAR	High-efficiency low-cost solar cells					2001-07-23	2002-04-22		FP5	€ 30,000.00	€ 22,500.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	Photovoltaic is still the most expensive electric energy due to the solar cell production costs. Many RTD efforts are directed towards making PV panels cheaper and towards other materials with better cell efficiency. Significant changes can be expected only by introducing new technological principles and new materials. Artificial systems self-formation theory applications can be promising solution for changes in solar cell technology. Significant decrease in manufacturing costs for solar cell can be expected from this new approach. The methods of self-formation shows possibilities to produce high quality solar cells with one or two patterning processes instead of four or five. The main aim of the proposal is to introduce high- efficiency (~20%) low cost solar cell manufacturing technology suitable to mass production.
31061	CRAFT/71706/1999	IBPV	Innovative Battery Cell for PV-Applications					2003-04-01	2005-03-31		FP5	€ 1,823,510.00	€ 911,755.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.2.3
31092	NNE5/560/2001	ANDASOL	Andasol 50 MWe Eurotrough Solar Thermal Plant with Thermal Storage in the Marquesado Valley (Granada, Spain)					2003-02-01	2008-01-31		FP5	€ 14,284,641.00	€ 4,999,624.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.2.4	ANDASOL’s main objective is the implementation of a privately owned and financed 32 MWe solar thermal power plant that will produce annually 65 GWhe of clean, emission-free solar electricity in Southern Spain. ANDASOL will demonstrate for the first time on a utility-scale two major innovative advancements of solar thermal technology, that both been developed with EU Support: The EUROTrough technology and the DISS (Direct Solar Steam) technology. The ANDASOL proposers feel confident of cutting the related solar thermal investment costs with this design down to 2,195Euro/kW and by this gaining competitive edge over U.S. American consortia in current GEF/Worldbank sponsored projects in the Southern Mediterranean.
31256	ENK6-CT-2001-50043	JORDAN , ULRIKE	Experimental and Computational Analysis of Flow Patterns at Inlet Devices of Solar Water Stores					2002-01-01	2003-12-31		FP5	€ 144,002.00	€ 144,002.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	For further improvements of the efficiency of solar thermal systems, the temperature stratification in the store is decisive. To maintain or create the stratification, the design of inlet devices for the water entering the store is crucial. The objects of investigation are flow patterns that develop at inlet devices o f solar hot water stores. Two methods shall be applied: – Calculations of fluid dynamics with numerical methods (Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD); – An experimental method to trace particles inside a fluid flow (Particle Image Velocimetry , PIV). The applicant plans to set up a PIV device, composed mainly of a rectangular glass store, a CCD-camera, and a laser. Particles with a density close to that of water will be inserted into the store, illuminated by the laser, and thereby used to visualize flow patterns. The positions of the particles are recorded by the camera. From the pictures, conclusions will be drawn about the fluid velocity field. Flow patterns that develop directly at a vertical inlet device, created by forced convection or thermosyphon flow, shall be analysed. In order to model fluid patterns, simulation tools ( e. g. CFX, Fluent) are available to solve the governing system of differential equations (Navier-Stokes- and simplified energy equation). A major task is to create a mathematical grid, with a zone of major interest close to the inlet device, that defmes the nodes at which the system of equations is to be solved. Calculations will be carried out for different flow patterns, boundary conditions, and geometries of the inlet device and validated by the PIV -measurements. The aim of the investigations is to get insight into fundamental mixing processes and flow patterns inside a solar storage tank and to become acquainted with new experimental methods and simulation tools. Both, CFD calculations and PIV measurements are useful methods in many fields in which fluid flow is examined.
31278	ENK5-CT-2001-00540	INDITEP	Integration of dsg technology for electricity production – (INDITEP)					2002-07-01	2005-06-30		FP5	€ 5,397,571.00	€ 2,698,784.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	Objectives and problems to be solved: Direct steam generation in the absorber pipes of parabolic trough solar collectors (the so-called DSG process) is a promising option to reduce costs of solar power plants using this type of collectors, because it could achieve a 26% reduction in the cost of electricity produced with these solar power plants. INDITEP is based on the experience and knowledge gathered by the Partners in the DISS project and it is the logical continuation of DISS. Once the technical feasibility of the DSG technology has been experimentally proven in DISS-phase II, INDITEP will undertake four main work packages aimed at integrating the DSG technology into the energy market: a) engineering design of a first 5MWe pre-commercial DSG power plant, b) development of advanced components to enhance the competitiveness of the DSG technology (e.g. cheap water/steam separator, buffer-storage unit, advanced components to increase the steam temperature from 400ºC to 500ºC, etc.), c) qualification of key components and operation procedures for DSG power plants, and) socio-economic research on the DSG technology. Description of work and problems to be solved :Four Work Packages are included in INDITEP to achieve the project objectives: 1. Engineering detail design of a 5MWe pre-commercial DSG power plant. Such a detail design is required before the procurement of components and implementation of the first commercial plant. The experience and know-how acquired by the DISS Partners will be applied in INDITEP to design this first commercial plant, adopting a steam Rankine cycle with hybridisation. 2. Integration enhancement of DSG technology developing advanced system components to increase, from 400ºC to 500ºC, the temperature of the superheated steam produced by the solar field. 3. Qualification of key components and O&M procedures for the pre-commercial plant. This qualification is required in order to avoid unexpected problems and assure the good performance of a first commercial plant. The DSG test facility implemented at the PSA during the DISS project will be used for this purpose. 4. Socio-economic study to identify potential market niches for DSG power plants and to assess the integration potential of this new technology. Expected results: The main results items planned in INDITEP are the following: – Engineering design for a 5Mwe pre-commercial DSG power plant (Hybridised Rankine cycle). – Manufacture and delivery for testing at the PSA of at least one prototype water/steam separator specially designed for DSG solar fields. – Manufacture of pipes provided with a new selective coating for 550ºC. Design and delivery of parts to integrate a secondary concentrator into a complete non-evacuated absorber prototype. – Modification of the PSA DISS test facility to perform the qualification tests, in particular by adding two additional collectors to achieve typical operation parameters of the future commercial system (e.g. nominal power, mass flow etc.).
31424	IPS-2001-42119	SOLLET	EUROPEAN NETWORK STRATEGY FOR COMBINED SOLAR AND WOOD PELLET HEATING SYSTEMS FOR DECENTRALIZED APPLICATIONS					2003-06-28	2006-06-27		FP5	€ 1,762,712.00	€ 966,677.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-IST	IPS-2000-1.2
31456	NNE5/86/2002	SOL-MED II	Widening The Use Of European Solar Thermal Technol In Mediterranean Countries Following The Successful Model Of Greece. Part B: I, F, Ro, Bg, Tr					2003-02-01	2004-07-31		FP5	€ 561,719.00	€ 470,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.3.3
31463	NNE5/550/2001	PV-LIGHT	Light Weight PV-louvres For Multifunctional Solar Control And Daylighting Systems With Improved Building Integration – Target Action E					2003-02-01	2005-12-31		FP5	€ 2,589,053.00	€ 1,294,526.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.1.3
31470	IPS-2000-8190	PVACCEPT	IMPROVING PV ACCEPTABILITY THROUGH INNOVATIVE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN-DEVELOPMENT. DEMONSTRATION, ACCEPTABILITY STUDY IN PROTECTED TOURISTIC REGIONS					2001-07-01	2004-06-30		FP5	€ 2,378,501.00	€ 1,601,052.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-IST	IPS-2000-1.2
31491	ENK6-CT-2002-30019	SOLARSKIN	Energy sustainable building with integrated thermophotovoltaic solar system and climate control (SOLARSKIN)					2002-11-01	2004-10-31		FP5	€ 1,095,146.00	€ 547,531.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.
31493	CRAFT/72475/1999	HYDRA	Hybrid latent/sensible compact storage Devised for combined thermal solar energy applications: Refrigeration, heating and Air-conditioning					2003-06-01	2005-05-31		FP5	€ 715,760.00	€ 357,400.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.3.2
31506	CRAFT/70604/1999	OPICS	Optimised Integrated Collector Storage: low-cost solar thermal systems for houses and offices					2002-12-01	2004-11-30		FP5	€ 722,650.00	€ 360,500.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.2.4
31556	NNE5/5/2002	FIRST STEP	Self-formation Research Towards Stairway To Excellence In Photovoltaic					2003-01-01	2004-12-31		FP5	€ 181,148.00	€ 121,632.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.2.3
31631	NNE5/39/2002	EUROPV	Euroconference On Photovoltaic Devices – Target Action L					2003-01-01	2005-04-30		FP5	€ 117,375.00	€ 70,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.2.3
31632	CRAFT/71745/1999	CLON	CLUSTER OF NEW INNOVATIVE SUN REFLECTION CONCENTRATORS					2003-07-01	2005-06-30		FP5	€ 300,000.00	€ 150,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.2.4
31748	HPRP-CT-2001-00012	nan	Setting up an information programme to enhance public awareness on developments concerning renewable energy technology					2001-06-15	2002-05-14		FP5	€ 199,500.00	€ 199,500.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-HUMAN POTENTIAL	nan	The aim of the proposed project is to demonstrate and explain to the general public the beneficial impact that scientific progress (in different areas of science) has generated in the development of Renewable Energy Technologies. The project will focus on solar energy, biomass and wind energy and it will be based on European Research Programmes projects results. The project aim will be achieved through the organization, preparation and implementation of an Information Programme (IP). The IP will target the general public (special target groups will be secondary school students and teachers) and it will be executed within the context of the European Science and Technology Week in November 2001. The IP comprises of several activities (4 exhibitions, 4 workshops/seminars, radio and poster campaign, internet home page) and it will be implemented in 4 south European cities in Italy, Greece, Spain and Portugal.
31886	EVK1-CT-2000-30002	PLASTIC EVAPORATOR	Production of drinking water from the sea using small mechanical recompression vapour units coupled with a new compact plastic evaporator (PLASTIC EVAPORATOR)					2001-02-01	2003-03-31		FP5	€ 1,226,540.00	€ 613,270.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-1.	Scientific objectives and approach: The RTD performers will study the different steps of the designing and manufacturing process, keeping in mind the objective to develop small units consuming less energy at low price and better yield. The research will focus on the following points: – The use of thermoplastic polymers to improve the thermal conductivity (including the choice of the polymeric materials), – The design of the unit to optimise the yield (exchange surface, temperature of functioning) including the use of a new compressor – The use of totally natural biocide substances to clean the evaporator: it will limit the fouling of the system and preserve the environment. – The use of the evaporator with renewable energies – The coupling between the compressor and the evaporator itself Our Work Programme includes the construction of an operational prototype for on-site validation. The follow-up of the on-site validation will be done by research centres and end-users. The Work Programme will be split in the following tasks: Project Management; Technical specifications; Process definition and choice of polymer; Technical development; Labscale test; Coupling compressor/evaporator; Prototyping of the equipment and installation; On-site validation. The project duration will be 24 months. The results of the project will mainly be: – Design of process and calculation of the different parameters of the equipment – Evaporator and compressor development, then coupling – Polymer and technology of assembling – On-site validation of the project results Problems to be solved: The objective of the project is the design and demonstration of small units of desalination (10 to 100 tons/day), made of polymer, using the thermal process called Mechanical Vapour Compression, thanks to innovative compressor. These plastic units will enable to overcome the malfunctions of the present technologies and meet the growing needs of water supply. The impact will be notably; suppression of corrosion and fouling problems, improved yield, maintenance facilitated and less frequent, cost effectiveness. Moreover, we will also study the possible use of the evaporator with renewable energy, solar and geothermal principally. If the preliminary results are encouraging, this application will also be studied on-site. Expected Impacts: The objective we have defined is to develop a range of desalting products, which would enter the market of the small units able to fulfil the needs of 30 to 300 persons. This type of small units is really suitable for numerous target-market. More specifically we target the hot and arid European region, which have an increasing tourist development. The natural resources of these kind of sparsely populated regions are not enough to provide for the needs of two or three times more inhabitants during the summer season. Thus the environmental effects such as draining and the pollution of the tables water appear early. We intend in this region our system for small local communities and tourist centres. Numerous regions in Europe are concerned with these problems particularly in the Iberian Peninsula and in Greece. In Work Package 1, B.S.M.O Company is in charge to find the needs in the Iberian Peninsula and HELIOSTAT does it for the needs in Greece. Upon the deliverable n 5 we will have at our disposal the report on end users needs in Europe. At the same time we intend to have our product for more technical target-market such as national navy or offshore installations. In this special sector people define their own technical specification and we keep it to account in order to homogenise our range of products. Moreover on this market sector people are in the habit of using desalting installations so we are looking into doing on-site validations in this context. In terms of exploitation, the objective of the SME proposers is to have marketable desalination unit as soon as the project ends, thanks to the final on-site validation phase. A first catalogue with a wider range of proposed units would be proposed within 2 years.
32344	HPRN-CT-2000-00141	nan	A challenging solar cell concept- the skilful intercalation of a nanostructured semiconductor by an extremely thin copper (indium) sulphide absorber					2000-09-01	2004-08-31		FP5	€ 1,321,000.00	€ 1,321,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-HUMAN POTENTIAL	nan
32386	HPRI-CT-1999-00013	TRANSSOL	Plataforma solar de almeria					2000-02-01	2003-01-31		FP5	€ 1,590,000.00	€ 1,590,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-HUMAN POTENTIAL	1.4.1.-2.	Description: The ‘Plataforma Solar de Almeria’ (PSA) belongs to the Spanish ‘Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnoligicas’ (CIEMAT), a dependency of the Ministry of Industry and Energy. The PSA is the largest solar test centre in Europe and is recognised as one of the 3 foremost such centres in the world. The accumulated experience and sophisticated installations available for research in solar concentrating technologies are unequalled by any other facility. The facilities offered for access within PSA are: 1. CESA-1: 7 MWth Heliostat Field plus Tower Receiver for solar thermal electricity production; 2. SSPS-DCS: A Distributed Collector System subdivided into two parabolic trough collector fields: a) Single-axis tracking collector field (ACUREX): A thermal oil is used as heat transfer medium. This field is a facility for testing of advanced control algorithms; b) Two-axis tracking collector field (MAN): A photochemical loop fordetoxification of industrial waste water by using the UV part of the solar spectrum; 3. SOLFIN FACILITY: A parabolic mirrors loop for synthesis of fine chemicals with solar energy; 4. SOLAR FURNACE. A 100 m2 parabolic mirror device which can concentrate up to 3500 times the solar light. More than 2500 K attainable.Used for thermal testing and treatment of advanced materials; 5. DISH FACILITIES. It consists of a 7.5 m diameter metal-membrane concentrator with an Stirling motor at its focus. This motor is solar powered to produce electricity directly from the sunlight; 6. LABORATORY FOR ENERGETICAL TESTING OF BUILDING COMPONENTS (LECE); 7. Solar-powered multi-effect desalination plant. Application: The first step for acceptance as a PSA user is to express your interest in gaining access to our facilities under the ARI programme within year 2000. For that purpose, a User’s Research Proposal (URP) must be sent to the address below. The URP must include the following parts: a) A short explanation identifying the research group and its current research lines (1 A4 page); b) A brief CV of the group leader, including a short list of the most relevant papers. (1 A4 page); c) The name of the PSA facility to which the research group intends to gain access (in case you wish to apply to several facilities, please send separate proposals); d) A description of the research project to be carried out at PSA. (1 A4 page). Project Manager: Diego Martinez Plaza, Plataforma Solar de Almeria (PSA), Carretera de Senes S/N Tabernas/Almeria 04200, P.O. BOX 22, Spain Tel: \34-950-387950 Fax: \34-950-365015 E-Mail: Diego.Martinez@psa.es
32832	EVK1-CT-2001-00102	AQUASOL	Enhanced zero discharge seawater desalination using hybrid solar technology					2002-03-01	2006-02-28		FP5	€ 3,254,177.00	€ 1,500,002.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-1.	Proposal addressed to perform an innovative development of environmentally friendly seawarer desalination with zero discharge brine. Scientific and technological developments will be focused in the increasing of current Performance Ratio of conventional MED desalination systems by the inclusion of a double heat pump to energy recovering from brine, the use of brine to the commercial production of salt, avoiding any discharge, and coupling a hybrid solar/gas-fired cost-efficient thermal energy system. Final developed system is expected to have remarkable environmental features, with relevant aspects in energy efficiency and water production cost, when compared with conventional MED systems.
33017	ERK5-CT-2000-80124	REMAC 2000	Renewable energy market accelerator 2000 (REMAC 2000)					2000-11-01	2002-10-31		FP5	€ 424,578.00	€ 172,683.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	Renewable energy (RE) market growth will be accelerated in the EU and world wide, by providing senior decision makers from public administrations and RE industry, with the latest information on RE technologies, industries and markets, and then engaging them in exploring and embarking on new market stimulation initiatives in partnership. This innovative and market focused project will be carried out by an international team of experienced experts from France, Italy, Netherlands, Switzerland and the UK with sponsorship from the EC, the International Energy Agency, EU Member State and Swiss governments, and industry. Through the active involvement of the IEA, it will also be linked to similar work, which is being undertaken in parallel in the USA and Japan. The project is expected to encourage and facilitate the implementation of new initiatives aimed at accelerating markets for renewable energy in the EU and world- wide.
33121	ICB1-CT-2000-80012	nan	A thermophotovoltaic power generator for hybrid electric vehicles ‘the rev’					2001-01-01	2001-06-30		FP5	€ 23,878.00	€ 23,878.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-INCO 2	1.2.1.-2.	Electron beam induced current and electric force microscopy techniques applied to photovoltaic devices.
33212	ENK6-CT-2000-35006	nan	Lightweight amorphous silicon solar panels					2000-07-03	2001-07-02		FP5	€ 30,000.00	€ 22,500.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	Photovoltaic solar energy is one of the most important sources of renewable energy in the next century. In operation there are no harmful by-products. The problem to overcome before a large-scale introduction can take place is a cost reduction. The major part of PV modules is based on crystalline silicon cell technology. These nodules show a high efficiency and long lifetime, but at relatively high costs. A alternative is the use of amorphous silicon cells. The present panel manufacturing process is based on a concept in which the cell layers are deposited onto the front plate of the panel. The transparent electrode is deposited onto a glass plate, followed by the cell and the aluminium electrode. Laminating a glass plate to the back and applying a border around the edge complete the panel. The glass makes the panel’s heavy, breakable and restricts design. New materials have to be applied in order to reach a better overall cost efflciency.Objectives for the proposed research are to investigate the use of new materials, the development of new barrier coatings and low-temperature electrode and photovoltaic layer deposition processes for future generations of solar cells.
33330	ERK6-CT-1999-00021	SOLAIR	Advanced solar volumetric air receiver for commercial solar tower power plants (‘SOLAIR’)					2000-02-01	2004-07-31		FP5	€ 3,311,611.00	€ 1,497,092.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	Objectives and problems to be solved: The EU policy is firmly supporting the development of renewable energies as one measure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, with a target to double the share of renewable in the EU energy balance by the year 2010. Solar thermal power plants in Mediterranean countries present an excellent option to contribute to this goal at competitive CO2- avoidance costs. Europe’s first solar thermal tower power plant to be operated on a commercial basis is being planned in southern Spain. This 10 MWe system based on a metallic volumetric air receiver, will take a conservative design approach to minimise technical and financial risks. It is the objective of this project to develop and demonstrate a new volumetric air receiver technology which is based on ceramic volumetric absorber modules, resulting in improved reliability and performance with reduced component costs for the next generation of solar tower power plants. Description of work: The project consists of two consecutive phases. During the first phase, the design, manufacturing, treatment and assembly of the ceramic absorber modules will be optimised according to specified cost and performance requirements. The absorber module will be qualified in small-scale pre-tests. Steel structure supporting the absorber, warm air return system and passive control elements to homogenise the outlet air temperature will be developed. The qualified components will be assembled and tested at the 200 kith receiver test bed at the Platform Solar de Algeria. Material investigations on absorber material degradation will be performed with the exposed elements in order to estimate lifetime expectations of these new elements. The second phase will provide the necessary intermediate step in the scale-up to a large scale application, to reduce technical and commercial risks. A 3 MWth scale-up receiver will be designed, manufactured and tested in the existing 3 MW solar test bed for volumetric air receivers at the Platform Solar de Algeria. In order to minimise test costs, a modular design representing a typical section of the prototype power plant will be tested, to demonstrate specified performance and reliability criteria, and to gain operation and maintenance experience. In parallel, a detailed optimisation analysis on power plant cycles will be performed to fully exploit the expected benefits of this advanced receiver system. Expected Results and Exploitation Plans: The results of this project will be the detailed design of a modular second generation volumetric air receiver, and the demonstration of the 3 MWth test receiver system, which enables the consortium to implement this technology in the next plant after the 10 MWe Salutary plant under commercial conditions. In addition, an optimised cycle design will be available, which takes favour of the improved capabilities of the receiver with respect to high flu levels, large air return ratio and increased air outlet temperature. An overall reduction of solar electricity generating costs by about 10% are projected in comparison to the current volumetric air receiver technology.
34005	ICB2-CT-2000-80003	nan	Development of an Efficient Photovoltaic Power Supply in Space					2000-12-01	2002-11-30		FP5	€ 129,600.00	€ 129,600.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-INCO 2	1.2.1.-2.	Development of an efficient lightweight cost effective solar concentrator array for photovoltaic power supply in space; based on previous work with nonimaging arched Fresnel lens
34154	ENK5-CT-2001-00521	PV-FIBRE	Indoor operation of 1000x multijunction cells by fibre transmission (PV-FIBRE)					2001-12-01	2004-11-30		FP5	€ 1,400,000.00	€ 700,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	The project proposes to develop an indoor cell receiver made of substrate plates carrying small high efficiency (30%) multi-junction solar cells operating at l000X using conventional two axis tracking low cost sunlight concentrators. The transmission of the concentrated light will be carried out by means of optical fibres that will share the beam focused on a transparent light to the indoor located cells. In this way, all the problems associated to outdoor operation are avoided with a better controlled indoors . The project will develop a complete 25% efficient system of 200 Wpeak, consisting of 200 monolithic ML cells each 5 mm2 in size, mounted on heat sink plates located indoor. The objective is to develop complete alternative concentrator systems for such cells, the most promising way today to reach cost competitiveness. Three R&D centres and a company, each specialised in every part of the project form this European consortium.
34239	ENK6-CT-2001-00575	NANOMAX	Nanocrystalline dye-sentitised solar cells having maximum performance					2002-01-01	2004-12-31		FP5	€ 2,698,121.00	€ 1,499,962.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	The last years work on dye sensitised solar cells (DSC) has been restricted to the optimisation of cells with a standard photo electrode design, i.e. a single sensitising dye adsorbed on nano-crystalline titanium dioxide. Although great progress has been made in terms of stability, in large part due to work on electrolyte composition and sealing, no progress has been made in efficiency. The proposed project will drastically break with this practice. Recent announcements in literature call for imagination and exploration of new innovative ideas. New concepts, both for cell design and materials, are necessary to boost the efficiency from present 7-8% to 15% in the future. In particular, large numbers of test cells with thinner and multiple layer structures will be produced. Nano-crystalline oxides with reduced electron recombination properties will be prepared and surface selective as well as NIR-enhanced sensitising dyes will be applied. The project will provide the basis required for a breakthrough of the DSC technology in terms of costs per watt peak and long-term stability.
34373	ENK5-CT-2001-00548	HAMLET	High efficiency iii-v based solar cell under concentrated sunlight : advanced concepts for mass production and low cost electricity (HAMLET)					2002-01-01	2004-12-31		FP5	€ 2,027,858.00	€ 1,063,928.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	The objective of the proposal to achieve the lower PV system cost (2 .5 ./WP for the installed system) than ever before, suitable for electricity mass production evening the short term. The strategy is to combine very high concentration with very high efficiency III-V compound semiconductor. The approach is to develop two parallel solar cell technologies: monolithic multifunction tandem cell and single junction GaAs solar cells (29% and 27%, respectively). Both, single and multi-junction cells will use an improved ultra-flat TIR-R concentrator, characterised by its high optical efficiency, and large acceptance angle with very uniform distribution of the light beam. Opt electronics highly automated standards techniques have been selected as the most appropriate for cell encapsulation and attachment to the necessary heat sink. Finally, pre-industrial prototypes with overall efficiency of 21% will be built in the framework of this proposal.
34536	EVK1-CT-2001-35006	nan	Development of a solardistillation waste water treatment plant for olive oil mills					2001-07-23	2002-04-22		FP5	€ 30,000.00	€ 22,500.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-1.	The aim is to clean the great amount of the highly polluted waste water that results from the olive oil production. Thus an easy handling solar distillation facility should be developed and combined with constructed wetlands. The sun will heat the sewage and the distillate will run through the constructed wetlands with the effect of a 98% removal of the undesirable organic matter. Operational costs should be reduced by 90 % in comparison to state of the art treatment plants. By using the sun as a renewable energy source the system will run nearly independently from any supply and maintenance, which will lead to high acceptance in the olive oil mill industry.
34653	NNE5/245/2000	CIS	The World’s First Large Scale Cis Based Photovoltaic Installation at the New Museum of Fine Arts in the City of Leipzig					2001-04-01	2004-03-31		FP5	€ 609,173.00	€ 213,211.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.5.2	The City of Leipzig, one of the most famous cities in Saxonia in Germany and internationally well known from its fair, plans the erection of a new building for the museum of fine arts Leipzig directly in the historical centre. The location will be one of the most exposed place in the historical city and will connect the traditional old Leipzig with the city’s approach of being the modern, future oriented business city of Saxonia. The innovative building, screened by the Berlin architects Hufnagel, Pütz and Rafaelian shows a South- North orientation and will be equipped with shed roofs which are planed to be covered with app. 50 kW peak FV modules in southern orientation. For the first time worldwide it is planned to install thin film modules based on CuInSe2 (CIS).
34676	ENK6-CT-2001-00574	RGSELLS	Cost effective, high throughput ribbon-growth-on-substrate solar cell technology (RGSELLS)					2002-01-01	2006-06-30		FP5	€ 2,313,550.00	€ 1,491,241.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	For a fast development of photovoltaic, all links in the production chain of crystalline silicon solar modules must be improved. In this chain this proposal and a related Dutch project addresses a new way of wafer manufacturing (Dutch project) and solar cell process (this project). The technology that will be developed is based on the Ribbon-Growth-on-Substrate (RGS) silicon wafer technology (direct cast from a silicon melt). This technology, of which a proof-of-idea was demonstrated, has the characteristics of high throughput (1 wafer/second) and no Si material losses. Very promising solar cell efficiencies around 12.5% were demonstrated proving the high potential. What is needed and what is the objective of this project is the development of an RGS solar cell process with respect to throughput, costs and efficiency. The successful development of both the RGS wafer technology (Dutch project) and the solar cell process (this project) will reduce the costs of PV modules by at least 35%.
34713	ENK6-CT-2001-00563	PHOTEX	Experience curve analysis of photovoltaic energy systems and components (PHOTEX)					2001-12-01	2003-11-30		FP5	€ 530,606.00	€ 294,939.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	Objectives and problems to be solved: PHOTEX comprises a further development of the experience curve methodology as a tool to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of energy policy and RTD programmes and strategies, with particular focus on photovoltaic (PV) power. Main objectives are to: – assess past trends and future development of the cost of PV systems and components and develop experience curves combining top-down and bottom-up information; – evaluate current and planned energy policies, and identify effective future policies for development and deployment of technologies for the medium to long term; – provide information which can be used to accelerate the implementation of PV systems, essential for the longer term sustainability goals and the renewable energy policy goals of the EU. Description of work: The projects consists of three parts, the first of which is concerned primarily with technical issues: past development of PV components and systems, prospects for future technological development, sources of technological improvements and the construction of experience curves. The latter are developed for different applications and markets and the sources of cost reduction are analysed, such as material developments, cell configuration, production process development, system integration, changes in input prices, learning effects, scale effects, technology transfer, cross-over and spill-over effects. Resulting price ranges for various markets are also estimated from these developments. The second part focuses on RTD and energy policies relevant for PV power development and deployment. Past cost and performance trends found in the first part are analysed with respect to the role of past and current policy initiatives and programmes, and effective and efficient incentives for further development will be indicated. Identified cost reduction due to policy programmes are analysed in relation to the experience curve, i.e. the effect different energy and RTD policy actions and programmes on the ride down the experience curve. Cost effectiveness of policy actions and programmes are evaluated by comparing their cost with the expected cost savings calculated with the experience curve. Finally, the third part will bring together the results and insights gained to arrive at a synthesis and conclusions for further discussion with stakeholders and dissemination to a broad group of potential users of the findings. Expected Results and Exploitation Plans: The results and insights from PHOTEX offer favourable opportunities for accelerated development and implementation of PV electricity generation, thereby creating market opportunities hand in hand with improved competitiveness. The participation of leading PV technology research organisations in the EU will provide for direct benefits from exploiting the results in their RTD planning. Intermediate and final results will be published in reports, workshop and conference proceedings, and through existing research networks represented in the consortium. The work will also be directly disseminated to EU governments and the European Commission, allowing to improve innovation and RTD management within EU and to support strategic approaches towards a widespread distribution of new energy technologies.
34759	ENK6-CT-2001-00562	ADVOCATE	Advanced dry processes for low cost, thin multicrystalline silicon solar cell technology- (ADVOCATE)					2001-12-01	2004-11-30		FP5	€ 2,929,869.00	€ 1,728,125.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	This project focuses on significant cost reduction of crystalline silicon solar cells by developing fully dry, environmentally friendly multi-Si cell fabrication processes. The proposed novel, unconventional cell fabrication technology is capable to: (1) process large area, thin (down to 100 microns) and fragile silicon wafers with a high throughput and a low breakage rate on automated production lines with reduced or without manual water handling operations, (2)use of all types of low cost crystalline silicon substrates: standard multi-Si,EMC multi-Si, all types of silicon ribbons, (3) remove all wet chemical and water rinsing processing steps, (4) reduce the health risk in the production, (5)reach cell efficiency > 16% on ultra thin wafers. The project is aiming at the mid-term cost reduction of the multicrystalline solar cells down to 1 Eur/Wp. Cell process will be executed by two processing techniques: screen printing and plasma.
34857	ERK5-CT-1999-00012	INFLATCOM	Industrialisation of ultra-flat concentrator module of high-efficiency (‘INFLATCOM’)					2000-04-01	2002-09-30		FP5	€ 1,401,632.00	€ 746,771.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	Objectives and problems to be solved: A photovoltaic concentration system suitable for electricity mass production is presented. Predicted cost for the installed system with present solar cell technology is below the medium term target of 3 Euro/Wp established in the thematic priority 5.2.3 (Energies Sub-Programme). Based on III-V solar cell technology and very high concentration the potential of the system for future improvements is very high. Description of work: The specific goal of this project is to achieve 1 kWp of commercial highly modular ultra-flat modules at about 2.8 Euro/Wp for the installed system (after a 10 MW cumulated production). It is planned to fabricate industrial prototypes formed by 25% efficient GaAs cells operating at 1,000 suns with concentrators of some 10 cam of area that will be very flat. Concentrators will have a large angular acceptance of ±1.5º to allow for a cheap construction and tracking requirements. Mosaics of such small concentrators will form the modules with an expected overall efficiency of 18-20%. The 1 kWp PV field should be composed of several modules, each one containing several single concentrators. In a first step, the concentrator GaAs solar cell is bonded to an alumna PCB (or similar heat conducting material) from which p- and n- connections are available. Then, each single unit is assembled on a passive heat sink. The optical concentrator as a block is attached to a flat glass that will be the aperture and will act as mechanical supersaturates. Finally, the GaAs solar cell with its heat sink is attached at the bottom of the concentrator. Small size of the solar cells and concentrators are key characteristics of this approach. It increases efficiency and cell manufacturing yield, simplifies cooling, reduces the concentrator cost and increases modularity. Using LED’s standard assembling techniques compatible with the cost level intended in this project will solve the assembly cost concern of this approach. Additionally, the small size of the concentrator, and thus of the basic module, will allow for a highly modular concentrator, one of the traditional advantages of the flat panels. This might be of great interest for the start up of the concentration market, jeopardised by the large size of the minimum modules required so far by concentrators. Thus, the product to be developed here is not to be restricted to the market of large plants but can be used in small stand alone installations as well. The consortium formed will cover all the required aspects: GaAs solar cell fabrication, optics, opt electronics and encapsulation techniques, PV modules fabrication and commercialisation. Expected Results and Exploitation Plans: A fully commercial photovoltaic system at 2.8 Euro/Wp is expected in the framework of this project (after 10 MW cumulated production). Achieving this low cost the market growth will be explosive not only in long term but also in the short to medium term. A real and cost-competitive mass production of photovoltaic electricity will dawn. Additionally, this concept has potential for further improvements based on tandem cells (or other high efficiency approach).
34888	ICA3-CT-1999-00016	ABWAS2	Photoelectrochemical purification of water					2000-04-01	2004-03-31		FP5	€ 1,128,164.00	€ 770,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-INCO 2	nan	Water purification is a key issue of the 21st century. Slurries or thin films of illuminated titanium dioxide have been shown to provide a means for photo oxidising organic pollutants in water. The project aims at working out the basic concepts and studying the reaction mechanisms for drinking and waste water purification by photo electrochemical means, with the ultimate aim to power these systems with solar energy. More specifically, the two main objectives of the project are the elaboration of efficient, inexpensive photo electrode materials in thin-layer form, and the determination of the chemical-chemical mechanisms leading to oxidative degradation of pollutants and micro organisms. Inexpensive oxide-based photo anodes in thin-layer form and large surface area will be prepared by a number of different techniques. These films will be characterised by physical and photo electrochemical means, and their performance for the photo oxidation of model organic pollutants or micro organisms will be assessed quantitatively in laboratory-scale test reactors.
34955	NNE5/35/2000	PUMPAPUR	Best Practices for Pv Water Pumping and Purification Programmes. Lessons from Selected Experience in Morocco					2001-12-01	2003-08-31		FP5	€ 249,587.00	€ 149,751.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.3.1	The general objective is to disseminate, among all the actors involved in PV water pumping, the relevant lessons from a very successful project realised in the South of Morocco under the auspices of the European cooperation. For this, the particular objectives are: – Elaboration of guidelines for implementing PV water pumping and purification systems, considering technical, social and managerial aspects; – Publication and diffusion of a booklet with such guidelines, also including the description of the above -mentioned project in Morocco, as a good example; – Organisation of a Seminar ‘Solar Energy and Water Purification Systems’ in Morocco.
35198	IST-2001-39088	FULL-TECH	Fullerene Based Self-Assembled Nanotechnology					2002-09-01	2003-08-31		FP5	€ 200,000.00	€ 100,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-IST	1.1.2.-6.1.1	The use of fullerenes in products of substantial economic and societal impact, such as sensory or photovoltaic devices, is impeded by the lack of methods allowing their incorporation into highly organised molecular materials. This project will focus on breaking this technological barrier by building supra-molecular hybrid materials combining fullerenes with conjugated oligomers or polymers. These materials will rely on the use of complementary molecular recognition motifs to induce the self-assembly of organised, highly functional architectures. We will construct and evaluate the performance of novel sensory and photovoltaic devices based on these new materials. OBJECTIVES The goal of the project is to construct molecular electronic components by self-assembly of fullerene nano-objects. We will investigate the electronic properties of these new components; placing particular emphasis on charge injection and photo-induced electron transfer processes. These results will be used to design and demonstrate the utility of novel sensory and photovoltaic devices. DESCRIPTION OF WORK During this project, we will: 1) design and construct novel fullerene architectures capable of self-organisation into functional molecular electronic components; 2) demonstrate the use of these new devices in the fabrication of sensors and light-to-energy conversion products. To begin, we will use a fullerene derivative fused to a barbiturate unit to assemble hydrogen-bonded ribbon architectures in the presence of complementary melamine-containing conjugated polymers. These structures are apt to function as self-assembled p-n junctions because of the special arrangement of the molecules within the linear architecture of the ribbon, and it is expected that such devices will exhibit superior electronic performance due to their highly organised molecular structure. We will use a modified AFM set-up available in the consortium to simultaneously gather structural and electronic information, thereby evaluating the impact of molecular organisation on the efficiency of the device. The self-organised architectures described in this proposal are hybrid fullerene-conjugated oligomer materials selected to rapidly lead to the construction of functional devices. They include the preparation of: i) self-assembled p-n junctions; ii) multi-layer devices. In all cases, the interplay of molecular organisation and electronic properties will be evaluated and used as a basis to engineer new functional architectures.
35477	NNE5/531/1999	ASODECO	Advanced Solar Driven Desiccant Cooling Systems for Central European and Mediterranean Climates					2000-05-01	2003-04-30		FP5	€ 1.00-	€ 689,743.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.1.3	The basic objective of this proposal is to remove the main technical barriers for a market introduction of desiccant cooling (DEC) systems driven by solar thermal energy. The scientific and technical objectives are divided into two fields. The objectives in the field of solar air conditioning (AC) based on solid sorption technology are, to develop: – optimised system configurations compatible to specific conditions (climate, load, solar and backup heat source); – standardised system control maximising indoo comfort at minimised primary energy consumption; – a computer based design tool that includes economic assessment for solar AC based on solid sorption DEC-systems and to *identify cost reduction potentials for solar assisted AC. The objectives in the field of solar air conditioning based on liquid sorption are: – Development of a new solar assisted AC system based on liquid sorption technology for the combined dehumidification and cooling of air; – Implementation of a direct regeneration.
35487	ENK6-CT-2000-35010	nan	Development of a mobile solar-driven refrigerated container for rural areas					2000-07-06	2001-07-05		FP5	€ 30,000.00	€ 22,500.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	In countries with a high level of sunshine there is a considerable demand for cold supply. Statistics have shown that in sough Europe nearly 10% of fresh food become worse in quality due to the lack of sufficient refrigeration. This concerns in particular structurally weak rural areas in Southern Europe (Greece, Spain, Portugal, etc.) which represent about 2/3 of the total territory in these regions. The main problems in these thinly populated areas are often the logistics and the lack of infrastructure. Against this background there is a major demand for new and innovative solutions for decentralised and combined cooling processes. Solar refrigeration plants are ideal for keeping foodstuffs fresh, since the solar radiation which ’causes’ the need for refrigeration is available in sufficient quantities. The COOLTAINER proposed here can be used for different applications such, for examples the storage of fresh fish, meat and vegetables and also of medicine. Prior to the project, the possibility of application on a large scale was tested by means of some basic system-related laboratory trials and the results were positive. The objective is to develop further and optimise the COOLTAINER in the framework of a research project so that upon complete
35488	NNE5/547/1999	SLOPETRACK PV	1.2 Mw Photovoltaic Active Tracking System Power Plant Located on slope					2000-03-01	2002-06-30		FP5	€ 9,718,929.00	€ 3,401,625.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.2.3	The main objective of this project is to design, construct, monitor and demonstrate a 1.2 MW photovoltaic (PV) power plant located on a sloping ground and with an innovative solar active tracking system for supplying electrical energy directly to the electric power grid, with the aim of integrating several technologies within an applied industrial project. This pover plant will be demonstration phase of a combination of several technologies (photovoltaic, electrical, mechanical, information and control) previously developed in other fields, before able to considerate this energy source fully commercial and competitive. Specific objectives of the project are: reducing installation costs to 6.3 Euro/Wp and cell costs to 3.8 Euro/Wp, to develop an innovative individual solar active tracking system for all the PV panels, improving the solar energy radiation capture in a 29% companying with a static system, to improve current reversion technology, increasing their availability to more than 9.
35501	NNE5/744/1999	PV-SALSA	Service Assurance for Large Social Acceptance of Photovoltaic Stand Alone and Grid Connected Systems					2000-01-01	2002-12-31		FP5	€ 3,062,602.00	€ 1,071,908.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.2.3	The main objectives of the project is to improve social acceptance of RES by: -Cost reduction of PV systems thanks to wholesale orders , standardisations and cost effective monitoring through a transnational pool of resource; – Taking in account the point of view of final users small size stand – alone or grid – connected PV systems as a major issue for final users q-small size stand alob-ne or grid connected pv system as major issue for mass development of pv in two European countries with very different legal and economical framework , Spain and France; – Promoting energy efficiency and demand side management anong PV final users; – Improvement of economic and -social conditions in ruralm areas by rural electrification -Reduction of co2 emission by PV generation connected to the grid; – Improvement reduction of deforestation by grid extension in Mediterranean fragile forests.
35712	ERK5-CT-1999-00014	PV2GO	Production and verification of the 2nd generation of ac-modules (‘PV2GO’)					2000-04-01	2003-09-30		FP5	€ 1,826,091.00	€ 960,485.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	A new generation of AC modules is designed, prototyped and tested in laboratory and European field conditions. The AC modules are designed for reliable operation during the typical PV module lifetime of twenty years, the cost of production is strongly reduced in comparison to current technology, and the efficiency of the PV module and the inverter allow high-energy yields. Through demonstration of the state-of-the-art technology in European regions with limited experience with this modular PV system concept, a further expansion of the market is envisaged. At the same time it is the opportunity for both the end-user and the utility company to get acquainted with this technology. The feedback on the technical performance and the overall satisfaction of these demo-systems will provide useful input for the design of the 2nd generation technology in power-electronics packaging. Not only the product itself but also the manufacturing process will be the subject of detailed analysis and improvements will be suggested to enable large scale production of the 2nd generation AC-module aiming at a breakthrough in cost of PV systems. The project results relate to a study of interactive advertising on the Internet, interactive TV and mobile communications, the role of interactive advertising in the marketing mix, the aspirations of advertisers, the contribution to brand building and relevance of click-through rates. References made to standards and measurement of advertising effectiveness. Guidelines are provided for the use of interactive advertising.
35715	NNE5/561/2000	EURECONF	European Re Conferences 2001/2002: Integrated Initiative for Pv, Wind & Biomass Technologies for European Competitiveness on the World Re Markets					2001-06-01	2003-05-31		FP5	€ 2,091,906.00	€ 479,986.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.2.1	The aim of the action is to demonstrate with 3 European major conferences in the RE sector the EU’ s commitment & support to, & the leading European position in the 3 most important sectors of clean & climate preserving RE technologies: PV, wind & biomass. Each conference will present the cutting-edge developments in its field. The conferences will be a unique showcase for the cost-effectiveness & competitiveness of European RE technologies & an excellent forum for the presentation of the EC’s outstanding role in enabling innovative developments in RE markets. A RE excellence & junior award & special activities on the conferences are aimed at bringing about multi-level synergies among the market players of the 3 RE technologies. The co-operation of the major European RE Associations will establish a new form of institutional & organisational.
35717	ENK6-CT-2001-30008	STATIC-2	Stagnation proof transparently insulated flat plate solar collector (STATIC-2)					2002-01-01	2003-12-31		FP5	€ 990,520.00	€ 494,824.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	Objectives and Problems to be Solved:· Development of new concepts for the protection of TIM-collectors in stagnation conditions by taking account of the energy storage capacity of collector. New materials such as Phase Change Materials (PCM) will be looked into (very innovative).· Design of optimised stagnation proof TIM-collectors for working temperatures between 110 to 150 oC so as to give response to the energy market demand for applications at such temperatures (industrial process, LiBr absorption refrigeration machines of double effect…). A cost goal of around 200 EUR/m2 has been fixed for this project (which will be about 50% lower than the commercial evacuated tube collectors).· Consolidation of the use of TIM materials in solar collectors. Research did within this project will increase the experience of using TIM in collectors making easier the introduction of TIM in the active solar energy technology. Description of the working order to achieve the goals of the project, a work plan has been planned based on the combination of four main lines:· Optimisation and design process by means of high level computational tools. Two kind of tools already available and previously used in other projects related to solar energy will be used: . Optimisation and designs codes with little computational effort that allow to find out the most appropriate designs for each situation. 2. High level numerical simulation tools for the detailed study of fluid dynamics and heat transfer, by means of a numerical integration of the differential equations governing the physical phenomena.· Accurate measurement of physical and radiative properties of the materials used in the new collectors: PCM, selective surface…. (this data will be used as input data in the numerical tools, making the numerical results more reliable).· Experimental data obtained form ad-hoc set ups of the most critical elements (in order to validate and compare the numerical data).· Detailed experimental data from the testing of new prototypes and arrays. The following concepts will be looked into:· Use of phase change materials (PCM) with low sensible heat and high phase change latent heat. With an adequate PCM it will be possible to avoid in the collector temperatures much higher than the PCM phase change temperature.· Increase of the mass in the collector when stagnation conditions occur.· Hybrid strategies actuating on both the energy storage capacity of the collector and the heat fluxes (solar energy and/or heat losses). Some of the strategies discarded or even not considered in STATIC-1 (because they did not guaranteed low enough temperatures in stagnation conditions) could become feasible. Expected Results and Exploitation Plans· New stagnation proof flat plate TIM collectors optimised for the medium temperatures (110 oC – 150 oC) suitable for applications such as industrial heat and LiBr absorption refrigeration machines of double effect.· Step forward to making the TIM-collector break into the market.· Increase of the know-how about solar thermal applications at medium temperatures.· Use of a new technology (phase change materials) in solar collector applications.· Enhancement of the solar thermal energy market.
35718	ENK5-CT-2000-00325	HIPROLOCO	High productivity and low cost for the encapsulation of thin film solar cells,(HIPROLOCO)					2001-09-01	2004-08-31		FP5	€ 2,748,194.00	€ 1,130,130.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	Objectives and problems to be solved : The state of the art encapsulation technology for thin film solar cells of double glass encapsulation with encapsulant EVA should be changed significantly to decrease the efforts in material, energy time, handling and cost. New flexible encapsulating materials, ‘One component encapsulants’ which include all encapsulating functions such as -sealing / embedding-
35723	NNE5/88/1999	EUROPEAN PV CONFEREN	European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, May 2000-Demonstrating the European Unions Commitment					2000-01-01	2000-12-31		FP5	€ 268,090.00	€ 70,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.2.3	It is the aim of this action to use the unique opportunity of the European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition in the year 2000 to widely disseminate the state-of-the-art in photovoltaics and to provide a platform for the PV industry to present new developments with a strong focus on innovative and cost effective applications. This will create a new momentum for the PV market fostering innovation, increasing the number of wost effective PV market fostering innovation, increasing the number of cost effective PV applications and raising the share of renewable energy in the European energy mix. It will prepare the European PV sector for the market challenges of the 21st century and will be the perfect opportunity to familiarise delegates from Europe and the rest of the world with the European Union’s commitment to the this rapidly emerging clean energy.
35725	NNE5/772/1999	PHOTOCAMPA	Pv Grid Connected System in a Car Parking					2000-01-01	2001-12-31		FP5	€ 5,225,200.00	€ 939,778.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.2.3	The aim of the project is to encourage the use of grid-connected PV systems, in parking structures. This type of PV integration has the advantage that not extra area is consumed, and the civil works devoted has not extra cost, contributing to reduce the investment required. For these reasons, some projects of small scale have been carried out. In this project, a larger scale is proposed, focusing in a big market (automotive) where the existence of large parking areas are used, and involving a car company with a big capability of investment. Some activities will be performed in order to target this big potential market, and to study the propagation impact obtained by the dissemination tasks, which will be performed in four segments, the up-market car buyers, the car fleet owners, the dealer network of the final user and the PV companies. The fact that the technology is well developed but still exist financial risks, determines the convenience of carrying out a demonstration project.
35784	NNE5/620/1999	THESEUS	Theseus-50 Mwe Thermal Solar European Station of Frangokostello Crete – Implementation Phase					2000-01-01	2001-03-31		FP5	€ 126,403,807.00	€ 471,624.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.2.4	Demonstrate a first, large-scale solar thermal parabolic trough power plant under southern European operating conditions, which is entirely sourced within Europe. Respond to climate policy targets in establishing a utility-scale renewable power technology, easy-to-integrate into power gris structures, with a potential of 7 GW in southern Europe. Improve the security and coast effectiveness of the power system on Crete through a zero-emission technology, which is cheaper than gas turbine peaking units. Qualify and strengthen European component manufacturing, engineering and erection companies to form a strong industrial supplier’s network capable to respond to the needs of a liberalised power market. Improve the socio-economic situation of the people in Crete through the creation of employment for operation & construction.
35811	ENK6-CT-2000-00310	MIBCELL	Metallic intermediate band solar cells for high efficiency and low cost in photovoltaics					2001-02-01	2004-01-31		FP5	€ 1,832,049.00	€ 1,034,791.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	Here we aim at proving the feasibility of a new solar cell concept based on a semiconductor having an additional band within the band gap. Theoretical efficiency limit is of 63.1% to compare ordinary Shockely-Queisser solar cells, of 40.7%. This improved potential is because photocurrent can be produced at energy higher that the one of the photons absorbed. For it, two photons produce a single high-energy electron-hole pair. For the prototype fabrication, we shall follow two alternative paths: MBE precise nano-technology and cheap thin film nano-technology. A prototype solar cell will be fabricated. The R&D described here aims at fulfilling the EC long-term goal of cell cost <0.5. /Wp. We justify in the proposal that this goal cannot be achieved by market driven R&D only. Scientific breakthroughs are needed, as the one attempted here.
35939	ENK5-CT-2000-00345	AFRODITE	Advanced façade and roof elements key to large scale building integration of photovoltaic energy (AFRODITE)					2001-04-01	2004-03-31		FP5	€ 2,435,911.00	€ 907,499.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	Building integration is the way towards large-scale application of PV within Europe. As aesthetics are key to extensive implementation of PV in buildings, special building elements will be required featuring complex geometrical shapes, improved visual appeal, and transparency. This project aims at the realisation of a diversity of electricity generating construction elements of different shapes at competitive cost in order to address the building market. Successful implementation of the project should allow opening market segments until know reluctant to introduction of PV mainly because of non-technical reasons. There will be an advanced generic cell and interconnection technology developed to realise cost effective production of a variety of custom designed PV elements at competitive and comparable cost. Efforts will be made towards increased awareness of the FV integration opportunities towards the European building society.
36025	QLK5-CT-2001-41873	nan	Environmentally integrated sustainable remediation and monitoring of olive oil mill waste					2001-05-03	2002-05-02		FP5	€ 30,000.00	€ 22,500.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-LIFE QUALITY	1.1.1.-5.	The aim of this proposal is the demonstration of environmentally integrated sustainable remediation and monitoring modules for olive mill waste to render process where all by-products are recycled and use of non-renewable energy sources is maintained at a minimum. The modules for implementation will be designed according to the production volume of the olive farmer. Specifically, the project aims to demonstrate remediation of olive mill waste water (OMWW) using solar powered photo catalytic degradation of polyphones with optional additional modules incorporating coronation and/or impregnated membranes. The OMWW will either be recycled for re-use in the production process or used as the energy source for nitrogen fixating bacteria for use as a bio fertiliser. The solid waste will be recycled for use either as fuel or granular activated carbon. A primary aim is the widespread dissemination of the remediation units and possible financial aid available for installation of these.
36215	ENK6-CT-2001-00516	METAFLEX	Towards the roll-to-roll manufacturing of cost effecive flexible cis modules – intermediate steps (METAFLEX)					2001-12-01	2004-11-30		FP5	€ 2,681,611.00	€ 1,274,650.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	The content of this proposal is to develop intermediate steps for the roll-to-roll fabrication of flexible, lightweight and cost effective CIGS based solar cells. 2 novel approaches will be applied: i) Manufacturing of large cells (7x7cm2) on non-insulated steel foils without patterning. Instead, the TCO window will be modified by deposition of an additional metallic grid. ii) Fabrication of very lightweight monolithically integrated modules of up to 30x30cm2 by a ‘substrate-lift-off’ process using thin polymer Additionally large-area cells (5x5cm2) on a polymer coated metal foil will demonstrate the compatibility of this lift-off technique for roll-to-roll manufacturing. The modules will be flexible contacted as well as encapsulated.
36253	NNE5/258/1999	LESVOS II	Small Off-Grid Pv/Diesel Hybrid Systems on the Island of Lesvos					2000-01-01	2003-12-31		FP5	€ 234,590.00	€ 60,289.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.3.	Objective of the proposed project is the installation, demonstration and monitoring of two small autonomous energy systems for agricultural (mainly irrigation) needs at the island of Lesvos/Greece. The demonstration of the systems should encourage the farmers to use more renewable energies for their needs and should prove that the use of renewables in the applications of the agricultural sector can make them environmentally friendlier, more reliable and cheaper. The efficiency and reability of two different system-design-strategies will be compared and evaluated. A ‘photovoltaic-diesel-battery’ system and a photovoltaic-water storage battery system will be installed and compared.
36283	HPCF-CT-2001-00085-01	nan	European Conference on Organic Electronics and Related Phenomena					2001-11-18	2001-11-21		FP5	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP5-HUMAN POTENTIAL	1.4.1.-3.1S7	The European Conference on Organic Electronics and Related Phenomena (ECOER) is intended as a high-level forum bringing together physicists, chemists, material scientists and engineers involved in the research, design, and development of electronic, light-emitting, light-sensitive, opto-electronic and photonic devices based on novel organic materials. This is a fast developing field covering both fundamental and applied research as well as technology, especially information technology. The Nobel Prize 2000 in Chemistry given to researchers being active in this field underline the importance and acceptance of this research area. The conference aims to highlight basic studies on charge and energy transfer in organic materials, on structure-property relationship concerning electrical, optical and related properties as well as on material and device aspects. The latter especially covers organic light-emitting devices including injection lasers, organic field-effect transistors and integrated circuits, organic phototransistors, organic solar cells, and other organic photoresponsive devices while the former will also include very recent research in organic superconductivity, organic quantum hall effect and related investigations. The conference will include oral and poster presentations and will also be organised as a virtual conference via Internet. An exhibition dedicated to the demonstration of the current status of display devices, solar cells and other organic electronic devices will be organised parallel with the conference. Since currently there are activities in the United States, Japan and other Asian countries to organise conferences and workshops devoted to certain of the above mentioned aspects it would be of high importance to create a European conference series covering the whole field of Organic Electronics including fundamental, applied and technological aspects. This would promote scientific and technological excellence and would contribute to attain European leadership in this field of research. ftp://ftp.cordis.lu/pub/improving/docs/HPCF-2001-00085-1.pdf
36406	NNE5/530/1999	IREN-IKARIA	Integrated Re Network for Ikaria Island, First Real-Life Demonstration of Sustainable Energy System					2000-01-01	2002-12-31		FP5	€ 6,546,000.00	€ 400,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.3.	– World-first demonstration of a stand-alone Sustainable Energy System serving a real-life island community, allowing to prove its technical & economic viability; – Autoctonous RE sources available on the island, namely water-, solar- and wind-power shall cover 50% of total power demand (the project creates the basis for future solar- and wind-power expansions allowing to cover even 90% from RE); – Creation of integrated hybrid (renewables\diesel) public power supply network on an island, allowing for compensation between seasonally counter-phased RE’s namely hydro-power available during winter, solar- and wind-power in summer; – High penetration rates in a power grid of stochastically behaving (not-dispatchable) renewables by exploiting the energy storage capacity of the system; – Development and divulgation of reference standards; best practices and modularity requirements favouring replicability of technology in other areas in the world.
36459	NNE5/668/1999	SURE/RESECO	Sustainable Urban Revitalization of Europe / Res Energy Concept					2000-01-01	2003-12-31		FP5	€ 10,718,025.00	€ 1,948,198.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.3.2	The residential part of SURE / RESECO is a demonstration with new energy solutions based on integration of renewable energies, through the fact that all energy for a new large city district with 700 apartments is supplied 100% from locally available renewable energy sources. The project creates opportunities to increase the acceptance of renewable energy supplies amongst a new clientele. SURE / RESECO entails an increased energy demand of 15.000 MWh in two medium-sized European cities with a zero increase in environmentally damaging emissions. The project will also demonstrate how energy conservation through building design and purchase of low energy equipment makes it possible to provide close to 100% solar electricity during summertime. Annually energy demand will decrease with 40% for the residential part of the project and with 70% for public building compared to conventional building.
36525	IST-1999-11214	HELINET	NETwork of Stratospheric Platforms for Traffic Monitoring, Environmental Surveillance and Broadband Services					nan	nan		FP5	€ 4,817,023.00	€ 2,900,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-IST	1.1.2.-1.6.1	The HeliNet project aims at designing an integrated network based on HALE (High Altitude Long Endurance) unmanned solar platforms. The main features of this infrastructure are its reconfigurability, flexibility, quick deployment, zero environmental and human impact. The HeliNet permits the exploitation of the stratospheric segment, and is suitable for several cost effective and interoperable applications in various strategic fields such as localisation, environmental surveillance, provision of telecommunication services. The project addresses all aspects of the HeliNet design. A stratospheric aerodynamic HALE platform, named HELIPLAT, is designed (included the solar and fuel cell energy subsystem), and a scaled size prototype is manufactured in order to perform static tests. The network design is carried out, considering various geographical coverage areas; a common communication interface is addressed, in order to guarantee the flexibility of HeliNet as for possible applications. Finally, the study of 3 pilot applications is performed, in the fields of localisation (including the possible integration with the Galileo system), environmental data processing and transmission, provision of broadband services. The project is carried out by a transnational and multi-sectoral partnership of research departments at universities and companies. Objectives: The objective of the HeliNet project is to create an integrated infrastructure based on HALE unmanned aerodynamic solar platforms. HeliNet contributes to ensure Europe a full role in the economic exploitation of the stratospheric segment and in the development of standards for the related applications. It contributes to EC scientific and technological development through the know-how, which is going to be acquired during the project; it also benefits EC social objectives through the developed applications, as well as EC innovation and added value. The project objective is to address all the design aspects, namely: a) Design of a HALE platform (HELIPLAT) and manufacturing of a scaled size technological demonstrator, fully representative of the HELIPLAT, to be subject to static tests; b) study of three pilot applications (Localisation, Environmental data processing and transmission, Broadband services). Key features of the project are: reduced cost with respect to satellite systems, with consequent possible revenues from third countries – flexibility (easily reprogrammed in case of emergency), no atmospheric and electromagnetic pollution, and development of innovative technologies. Work description: The HeliNet project is intended to show the feasibility of a stratospheric network with the characteristics described above. Three main tasks are considered: 1) The design of the HELIPLAT is addressed, including wing and tail areas and spans, electric power, engine and propeller efficiency, solar cells, fuel cells and electrolyse efficiency and mass, total mass, operations and safety requirements. All structural aspects are studied, such as the design of low-weight advanced composite primary structures, leading to the complete platform CAM layout. Manufacturing and test of critical components, realisation of a scaled size demonstrator fully representative of the HELIPLAT and static tests are performed. As for the avionics, the TT&C Subsystem units are defined. The link budget is evaluated for the nominal attitude and for the acquisition phase; 2) The design of the telecommunication network topology, architecture, protocols, and common communication core interface (CCCI) towards the applications is performed; 3) A system of vehicle localisation based on GPS/GNSS/Galileo is integrated in a general HeliNet-based transmission system. As the system does not demand a terrestrial infrastructure it is particularly tailored for applications such as emergency, failure or lack of terrestrial structures, and critical morphology of the territory. The feasibility of HeliNet integration within GPS/GNSS2 is studied. Semi-passive (DOA) positioning systems are developed as a backup for GPS/GNSS2. Algorithms for on- board processing of environmental data exploiting the particular features of stratospheric platforms are studied and ported on a suitable optical payload for tests. The provision of broadband services based on HeliNet is analysed, and the design of critical parts is addressed. Milestones: – Aerodynamic and structural design of the HELIPLAT; – Energy subsystem: solar and fuel cell, control unit; – Avionics subsystem definition; – Manufacturing of scaled size technological demonstrator and static tests; – Design of the HeliNet topology, architecture, protocols, and CCCI; – Pilot application: localisation based on GPS/GNSS/ Galileo and integration of HeliNet with Galileo; – Pilot application: algorithms for on board processing of environmental data; – Pilot application: provision of broadband services based on HeliNet and design of critical parts.
36647	ERK5-CT-1999-90002	AMFTIORE	Accompanying measure for the integration of renewable energies into the energy systems					nan	nan		FP5	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	The aim is to favour a broader integration of renewable energies in the market of energy systems, in accordance with the Eu Objective of doubling the share of renewable energies for the year 2010. Technical and non-technical problems (legal, economic, social, and environmental, etc.) for the integration of renewable energies into the grid will be analysed in the participating countries as well as success stories of renewable energies integration. The experience of the pioneer Spanish region of Navarra, with 40% of electric energy consumption generated by renewable energies, will be shared. Best Technological and non-technological solutions for solving problems of integration of renewable energies into the grid system will be disseminated in the participating countries at large scale to potential operators of renewable energy parks (on wind, photovoltaic and biomass energies).
36736	ERK6-CT-1999-00004	H-ALPHA SOLAR	Development of new production techniques for highly efficient polymorphous solar cells (‘H-ALPHA SOLAR’)					2000-03-01	2004-03-01		FP5	€ 3,120,743.00	€ 1,992,732.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	Objectives and problems to be solved: The general aim of the project consists in the development of industrially applicable production techniques for solar cells using polymorphous silicon with stable efficiencies above 10%, exploring in-line batch as well as continuous roll-to-roll techniques, aiming to ultimately obtain a system cost of 1 EUR/Watt-peak (1EUR/Wp). The module manufacturing cost reduction aimed at will be reached by simultaneously increasing the photovoltaic efficiency, improving the production yield, increasing the feedstock utilisation efficiency, and decreasing the cost of ownership by enhancing the growth rate. Description of the Work: In this project we will cover the two mainstreams of production technology: in-line batch processing and continuous roll-to-roll processing. On the one hand, the inline batch process allows for fast progress since the technology is mature. On the other hand, the continuous roll-to-roll process offers a perspective to dramatically reduced production costs, but it requires much more process development time. In both cases, the projected improvements will be obtained in existing deposition hardware, where only the operational protocols and the configuration will be modified. Applying robust plasma process monitors, which will be developed and calibrated during the project, will control this modification. The work will be divided in 6 work packages. Their titles are. Materials and devices (optimisation)2. Process monitor (for control and quality assessment during production)3. Batch pilot line (The present technology: high-quality low-throughput)4. Continuous pilot line (Future technology: high-throughput)5. Assessment (of industrial perspectives)6. Coordination Expected Results and Exploitation Plans: The take-off of the photovoltaic solar energy requires to broaden the accessible market base in the competition with other sources of electrical energy. This can only be achieved by a significant reduction of the cost/Wp of photovoltaic solar modules and by the development of thin film solar cell technologies. The effort has to be placed at three levels : increased conversion efficiency per unit area, lower manufacturing cost per unit area, and economy of scale by mass-production experience. The present project is in line with these three issues. By using polymorphous Si thin films instead of standard a-Sigh films, the long-lasting problem of the low stabilized efficiency of a-Sigh based solar cells could be overcome without increasing the complexity and cost of the device structure. Therefore, lowering of solar cell manufacturing costs and reaching economy of scales in mass production are possible by a strategy of reduction of the cost of ownership of the PECVD equipment, which can also have advantages for TFT-Displays technology. The project partners will be the first to exploit the results. The focus of the exploitation and dissemination will be in Europe.
36798	ERK6-CT-1999-00019	THE REV	A thermophotovoltaic power generator for hybrid electric vehicles (the rev)					2000-03-01	2003-09-30		FP5	€ 4,074,441.00	€ 2,376,963.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	A Thermo photovoltaic generator will be produced to be used in a commercial electric vehicle. High efficiency photovoltaic cells will be used to convert infrared radiation produced by combustion into electricity with high overall efficiency
36859	13734	BIOSOD	Development of an autonomous biomass-solar thermally driven distillation system					2002-12-10	2004-12-31		FP5	€ 1,706,290.00	€ 853,145.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan
36896	ERK6-CT-1999-00005	SOLSILC	A direct route to produce solar grade silicon at low cost (‘SOLSILC’)					2000-03-01	2003-02-27		FP5	€ 2,179,031.00	€ 1,089,515.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	Objectives and problems to be solved: General objective of the project is to research and develop the new two-step high temperature plasma-process for solar grade silicon (sog-Si) production, to test the processing and efficiency of SOLSILC cells, to evaluate an approach for scale-up and to investigate relevant technical, environmental and economical aspects. After the SOLSILC project a pilot demonstration on scale (2 years) is anticipated, in order to achieve a market price of 10 Euro/kg sog-Si in a full-scale plant of 5.000 tm/y in 2005. The new sog-Si process was developed and studied by the Norwegian and Swedish partners and evaluated by the Dutch partners. The perspective of this process (low-energy, high yield, low impurities, experience with other metallurgical processes, direct route) is a low cost sog-Si of constant quality in sufficient quantities. The project relies on expertise of Si, Sic, metallurgical and PV cell processing of the R&D partners, in combination with the exploitation expertise of the market partner. Description of work: The work consists of process optimisation, product evaluation (PV cell efficiencies) and technical, economical and environmental evaluations of a follow-up approach. The work has been divided in technical work packages (at 3 R&D locations) and supportive work packages. Development of low-purity Si-process facility, including raw materials selection and supply and development of a Si refinement process for the removal of carbon. 2. Testing of low-purity Si-process. A test facility will be built to test and optimise the two- step Si production process. The work includes modification of a specific plasma torch. 3. Production of artificial solar grade silicon for preliminary testing of the process with respect to its performance in solar cells.%4. Material assessment of artificial solar grade Si to evaluate whether the material properties are compatible with a solar cell production process. 5. Development of high-purity Si-production process, including design and preparation of a 20 kg/hr test facility for both steps of the process. 6. Testing & optimisation of high-purity Si production process and production of high-purity sog-Si. 7. Material assessment of sog-Si with respect to a solar cell production process. 8. Design of high-purity Si-process pilot installation (1.000 tm/y) including cost engineering’s. Technical feasibility and risk assessment, in relation to competing technologies and including identification of alternative routes. The supportive work packages are: economical and environmental assessment, exploitation and dissemination, and project management. Expected Results and Exploitation Plans: After 6 months a low-purity test facility is developed and built. After 12 months this low-purity process is tested and optimised, so that in 18 months a preliminary conclusion on techno-economic feasibility can be made. After 24 months the high-purity test facility is designed and constructed. A conclusion on the feasibility of the pilot plant will be drawn in 30 months. Finally the integral process feasibility is checked and the technology implementation plan is started.
36937	14820	COMPACT	Low-cost compact solar heaters made of plastic materials and composites					2003-05-06	2005-05-31		FP5	€ 1,087,643.00	€ 525,868.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan
37059	9844	SOLARSTORE	Improvement of the efficiency of a solar thermal system by integration of a thermochemical storage process					2005-12-01	2005-11-30		FP5	€ 1,548,494.00	€ 912,179.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	The elaboration of a thermochemical storage adapted to thermal solar energy has two main objectives: 1- Improvement of Solar Heating System: solar energy is provided independently of the needs, leading to some losses of the energy supplied. SOLARSTORE aims at storing unused solar energy and releasing on demand. The efficiency of the solar installation will be thus improved, as well as its autonomy (a solar system is always coupled with other powers installations). 2- New concept for solar cooling: SOLARSTORE will lead to mixed heating/cooling systems thanks to the thermochemical storage, promoting a viable alternative to current energy intensive air conditioning systems.
37130	ERK6-CT-1999-00015	COCON	Hybrid system for co2 conversion by solar energy in a photo-electrochemical device (‘COCON’)					2000-02-01	2003-01-31		FP5	€ 1,756,758.00	€ 1,065,131.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	This proposal relates to a technology development where CO2 and water are converted to hydrocarbons and H2 by means of solar energy in a photo-electromechanical device. The proposed technology can make a significant contribution to the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions for the EU as required by the Kyoto protocol. A consortium bringing together fundamental materials research and industrial expertise will carry out the project. The principal project deliverable is a prototype of a photo-electrochemical device capable of converting CO2 and water into O2, H2 and hydrocarbons with an efficiency of more than 10%. In addition, studies will be performed and reported looking at alternative concepts and techno-economical feasibility.
37611	HPCF-CT-2001-00085	nan	Ecoer					2001-04-30	nan		FP5	€ 100,000.00	€ 312,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-HUMAN POTENTIAL	1.4.1.-3.1.	The European Conference on Organic Electronics and Related Phenomena (ECOER) is intended as a high-level forum bringing together physicists, chemists, material scientists and engineers involved in the research, design, and development of electronic, light-emitting, light-sensitive, opto-electronic and photonic devices based on novel organic materials. This is a fast developing field covering both fundamental and applied research as well as technology, especially information technology. The Nobel Prize 2000 in Chemistry given to researchers being active in this field underline the importance and acceptance of this research area. The conference aims to highlight basic studies on charge and energy transfer in organic materials, on structure-property relationship concerning electrical, optical and related properties as well as on material and device aspects. The latter especially covers organic light-emitting devices including injection lasers, organic field-effect transistors and integrated circuits, organic phototransistors, organic solar cells, and other organic photoresponsive devices while the former will also include very recent research in organic superconductivity, organic quantum hall effect and related investigations. The conference will include oral and poster presentations and will also be organised as a virtual conference via Internet. An exhibition dedicated to the demonstration of the current status of display devices, solar cells and other organic electronic devices will be organised parallel with the conference. Since currently there are activities in the United States, Japan and other Asian countries to organise conferences and workshops devoted to certain of the above mentioned aspects it would be of high importance to create a European conference series covering the whole field of Organic Electronics including fundamental, applied and technological aspects. This would promote scientific and technological excellence and would contribute to attain European leadership in this field of research.
37672	ICA2-CT-2002-60011	SOLEURAS	European-central asian solar energy conference tashkent may 2003					2003-01-01	2003-12-31		FP5	€ 19,996.00	€ 19,996.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-INCO 2	nan	Introducing renewable energy predominantly in remote areas and guaranteeing reliable energy on urban area by integrating RES are of great importance for the Central Asian society. Experiences from installed systems in Europe will support to become familiar with such an innovative technology. Experts in the field of wind energy, Photovoltaic, solar thermal energy and heat pumps will present actual trends, experiences from the very beginning of this technology with first systems as well as the necessary efforts to create a stronger market and dissemination needs. General economic aspects will be treated, the vision of a full renewable energy society, social aspects and the general basic needs for each renewable energy system which is energy saving and efficient use. For being flexible during the Conference smaller working groups will get the opportunity to intensify discussions and to create joint project ideas. The possibilities of financing common projects should be addressed finally. A book of abstracts of the conference should give a complete overview of the content. An internet homepage will finally contain all lectures and the main outcome of the workshops and the discussions as well as further steps in the European Central Asian co-operation in Solar energy. After the two days conference a third day for visiting the first remote solar systems and visiting famous Samarian is moreover dedicated to clearly define further steps of co-operations.
37960	HPMF-CT-2002-01744	nan	Towards the control of photoelectric processes in dye sensitised photovoltaic cells.					2002-01-01	2003-12-31		FP5	€ 114,272.00	€ 114,272.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-HUMAN POTENTIAL	nan	Our goal is to minimise charge recombination losses in Gratzell type solar cells. Such photovoltaic are currently one of the most promising new technologies for renewable energy production. Nevertheless, the relatively low efficiencies of such devices (6-10% for liquid electrolyte devices, 1-3% for solid state devices) are limiting their commercial viability. A key factor limiting the device efficiency is recombination losses at the semiconductor/dye/ electrolyte interface. The Host Institution already has established a strong scientific understanding of such recombination Losses. In this proposal we propose to build upon this knowledge build designing and testing novel Materials/device architectures to minimise recombination losses. Materials design will focus on optimisation of nanocrystalline metal oxide film, including the use Of different metal oxides, composite and core/shell structures designed to favour charge transport over Recombination processes. Film fabrication will build upon procedures already established in the host Institution. Further studies will address post fabrication surface treatments, novel sensitiser dyes and Optimisation of component redox energies. Materials properties will be determined by standard techniques (SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman, voltametry, spectro-electrochemistry etc. Functional characterisation in DSPC will be conducted Photo electrochemical studies including: – Transient optical studies of interfacial electron transfer dynamic – Photoelectrical device characterisation
38034	HPCF-CT-2002-00017	nan	Thinc-pv					2002-05-22	nan		FP5	€ 80,000.00	€ 220,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-HUMAN POTENTIAL	1.4.1.-3.1.	The second generation of solar cells is based on thin film semiconductor (Si, GIGS, CdTe) materials and has the potential of comparable efficiencies to mono or multicrystalline silicon but at much lower cost. However, many issues related to material synthesis, defects at interlaces, stability and contacting are still under development and need more investigations. On the other hand, a new generation of cells based on ‘nano-materials’ like organics (molecules, polymers) or semiconductors (Quantum dots and wells) is emerging and it is growing strongly. The objectives of the ‘Thin Film and NanoStructured Materials for Photovoltaics Symposia’ is to share at the same place the recent developments in both thin films and nano-structures fields in terms of material synthesis and properties. In contrast to conferences devoted to photovoltaïcs which emphasis more on efficiency values, these symposia will focus on the growth issues, optical and electrical characteristics of the materials, carriers transport properties, cells manufacturing and finally the limiting factors of related efficiency, Presence of high level scientists in the different fields will allow to give an update of the last development but more importantly to present the perspectives. The ‘Thin Film and Nanostructured Materials for Photovoltaïcs symposia, planned for 2003 and 2005, will be organized within the framework of the European Material Research Society (E-MRS) Spring meetings which bring about 1600 participants each year. The symposia THINC-PV are aimed to provide a forum meeting for scientists engaged in research and development of all thin films as well.
38318	HPMT-CT-2001-00386	nan	European network on thin film technology					2002-05-01	2006-04-30		FP5	€ 285,000.00	€ 285,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-HUMAN POTENTIAL	nan	The Marie Curie training Site ENTITY (European Network on thin film technology) enables European young researchers pursuing doctoral studies in the field of materials science to acquire the broad knowledge of complex materials and their possible applications for enhancing energy efficiency of new materials the European industry is looking for Embedded within the ENTITY network the scientific and technological significance of this Training Site is based on the qualities of the facilities and the research and educational programmes of its host. The Training Site offers European fellows to deepen their scientific and technological knowledge of complex materials and their applications, to involve new sciences in a multidisciplinary and thematic way and to learn new preparation and analysis techniques making use of advanced equipment. The Marie Curie Training Site’s programme adheres to explore all specialized knowledge and advanced facilities as represented within the ENTITY -network. The Site will focus on the following areas:- enhancing efficiency of solar cells by improved interfaces – new materials with tunable properties – Integration of superconductive materials in semi-conducting devices, nano-structures in particular – magnetic materials for data storage applications. The fellow can select an individual training programme of 6 months up to about 24 months. Much attention is paid to tailoring the individual programme to the background, needs and interests of the fellow. The Training Site welcomes European fellows throughout the whole academic year. They have to pass an admission procedure consisting of submitting a summary of their education, expertise and interests.
38415	G1TR-CT-2001-00062	SOLARTECH	Plasma technologies for solar cell manufacturing, at atmospheric pressure					2002-03-01	2005-02-28		FP5	€ 245,400.00	€ 245,400.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-GROWTH	1.1.3.-1.	– Research for establishing innovative cost effective technologies for photovoltaic manufacturing – In-line process compatibility, all ‘dry’ (gas phase based) atmospheric pressure technology; plasma etching and plasma chemical deposition – Feasibility of concept for scale-up through prototype
38471	HPCF-CT-2002-00017-02	nan	THIN FILM AND NANO-STRUCTURED MATERIALS FOR PHOTOVOLTAÏCS					2005-06-07	2005-06-10		FP5	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP5-HUMAN POTENTIAL	1.4.1.-3.1S3	The second generation of solar cells is based on thin film semiconductor (Si, GIGS, CdTe) materials and has the potential of comparable efficiencies to mono or multicrystalline silicon but at much lower cost. However, many issues related to material synthesis, defects at interlaces, stability and contacting are still under development and need more investigations. On the other hand, a new generation of cells based on ‘nano-materials’ like organics (molecules, polymers) or semiconductors (Quantum dots and wells) is emerging and it is growing strongly. The objectives of the ‘Thin Film and NanoStructured Materials for Photovoltaics symposia is to share at the same place the recent developments in both thin films and nostructures fields in terms of material synthesis and properties. In contrast to conferences devoted to photovoltaïcs which emphasis more on efficiency values, these symposia will focus on the growth issues, optical and electrical characteristics of the materials, carriers transport properties, cells manufacturing and finally the limiting factors of related efficiency, Presence of high level scientists in the different fields will allow to give an update of the last development but more importantly to present the perspectives. The ‘Thin Film and Nanostructured Materials for Photovoltaics symposia, planned for 2003 and 2005 , will be organized within the framework of the European Material Research Society (E-MRS) Spring meetings which bring about 1600 participants each year. The symposia THINC-PV are aimed to provide a forum meeting for scientists engaged in research and development of all thin films as well as on nano-structured based solar cells. The symposia will consist of invited presentations by leading scientists in their respective fields to highlight the recent developments. Most invited speakers are suggested by the chairpersons and the scientific committee. In addition, there will be contributed presentations both oral and posters resulting from a call for papers. All presented contributions, after being reviewed, will be published in an archived and referenced international journal. The set up of the programme is multidisciplinary in order to promote the cross-fertilization at different disciplines, technologies and developments.
38491	ENK5-CT-2002-80666	CEPHOMA	Centre of photonics and materials for prospective applications (CEPHOMA)					2002-12-01	2006-05-31		FP5	€ 249,986.00	€ 249,986.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	The aim of the project is to intensify the research activity in photonics photovoltaic, solid-state ionic and electronics leading to useful material designing and characterisation. The Centre will bring together both practical skills and theoretical knowledge as a multi-domain problem solving approach and will open opportunities for wide international exchange of ideas and experience that normally are outside budget possibilities of the Unit. Long-term targets of the envisaged activities are new photonic devices, solar cells with enhanced efficiency, novel systems for energy storage and conversion, materials for wide group microelectronic devices. Among expected impacts are increased research quality of the Centre responding to social, industrial and economic challenges by cheaper, smaller, safer and environment-friendly energy sources and elements for portable electronics.
39068	HPMF-CT-2001-01167	nan	Photoelectrochromic systems and micro storage dye sensitised solar cells					2001-10-01	2002-09-30		FP5	€ 15,150.00	€ 15,150.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-HUMAN POTENTIAL	nan
39145	ENK6-CT-2001-00512	SOLZINC	Solar carbothermic production of Zn from ZnO (SOLZINC)					2001-12-01	2005-11-30		FP5	€ 3,018,632.00	€ 1,284,282.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	Objectives and problems to be solved: The technical feasibility of a solar thermal chemical reactor for producing Zn from ZnO and carbon as a reducing agent in about a 0.5 MW plant is investigated for i) the production of Zn as a commodity with very low CO2 emissions and ii) the realisation of a cyclic process where Zn is produced from ZnO in a solar reactor and the Zn is used as a ‘solar fuel’ for electricity production in Zn-air fuel cells. This work includes optimising the Zn-air fuel cells for solar Zn and optimising the interfaces between the solar reactor and the zinc-air cells. The CO2-mitigation potential for producing Zn as a commodity is assessed as well as the specific costs for producing electricity from concentrated solar light stored as Zn. Description of the work: First a 10 kW version of the solar reactor chosen for scale-up for about a 0.5 MW plant is build and tested. Quantified performance variables include the specific conversion rate of ZnO to Zn as a function of temperature and the amount of carbon as a reducing agent. The lower the specific amount of carbon the larger the fraction of stored solar energy in the products, but the more difficult is to condense the zinc without re-oxidisation. The experimental results are used to develop a numerical model that predicts performance as a function of operating conditions and to finalise the design concept for the large-scale reactor. A reactor including feeding system and off-gas handling unit for the about 0.5 MW plant is designed, constructed, and tested. The numerical model used to predict reactor performance is validated. Furthermore, a Zn-air fuel cell system suited for up scaling for small electric power plants based on Zn will be designed, build and tested. The large-scale tests are done in a 1 MW solar facility. The 10 kW tests are performed in a large solar simulator. Two industrial partners insure that the project maintains industrial viability. One has vast experience in Zn-smelting and the treatment of off-gas containing Zn vapour without major re-oxidation of the Zn: they develop the condensing unit and the off-gas treatment equipment. The Zn/air fuel cell manufacturer is responsible for optimising the cell modules for the requirements of the solar ZnO-Zn cycle. Expected Results and Exploitation Plans: A detailed economic study of the technology costs and a determination of how economically the solar process mitigates CO2 emissions and produces electricity via the ZnO-Zn cycle is conducted. The experimental, numerical, and eco-efficiency results are used to develop a conceptual design for the reactor and the other components of the ZnO-Zn cycle paving the path to a demonstration at an industrial scale. Numerous exploitation scenarios for a solar ZnO to Zn plant are studied conceptually including the option to produce H2 from Anther expected long-term benefits of the technology include the following: a reduction of CO2 emissions, a saving of fossil fuel resources, an opportunity for a nearly emission free urban transport system, and an expansion of work opportunities in the field of renewable energy.
39247	ENK6-CT-2001-20400	PVNET	Photovoltaic network for the development of a roadmap for pv (PVNET)					2001-12-01	2003-11-30		FP5	€ 396,992.00	€ 396,992.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	The main task of PVNET is organizing communication throughout the European PV community to develop a roadmap for PV R&D based on a broad consensus among different technologies, industry and research institutions and across the whole range from materials to systems. It will cover research, marketing, manufacturing, product and standardization aspects, environmental and health issues and it will indicate ways to en- sure the human resources base for PV. To achieve this goal symposia and workshops will gather the players in the respective fields. A comprehensive coverage of all technological, institutional and developmental areas will be ensured. Preliminary strategic papers will then be disseminated, feedback gathered from the whole PV community making the roadmap development an iterative process. The resulting roadmap will be based on the visions of the European PV-community indicating the main issues for future short and long term PV R&D.
39789	ENK6-CT-2001-00507	PAMELA	Phase change material slurries and their commercial applications (PAMELA)					2001-12-01	2004-11-30		FP5	€ 3,129,159.00	€ 1,994,555.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	This proposal aims to develop and characterise thermo-fluid properties of phase change material slurries ( PCMS ) for use In energy storage, heating and cooling applications over the temperature ranges of 0-20°C and 30-50°C. PCMS can improve system efficiencies, reduce thermal storage volume requirements, effectively smooth peak heating and cooling loads and reduce (by up to an order of magnitude) pumping power requirements. This proposal will deal with underlying technology with a broad range of industrial relevant applications. The emphasis will be on building and solar energy and industrial process applications. At present 40% of final EU energy consumption is used within the built environment. The use of PCMS in building cooling applications alone is predicted to reduce CO2 emissions by 10%, while the reductions from their use in heating systems may save 4 million tonnes of CO2.
39890	ENK5-CT-2000-00063	LOTHECO	Combined cycle power plant with integrated low temperature heat (LOTHECO)					2000-10-01	2003-03-31		FP5	€ 680,371.00	€ 501,217.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	Objectives and problems to be solved: The project is aimed at investigating and developing a new concept of Natural Gas Fired Combined Cycle, which makes use of low temperature waste heat for the evaporation of water droplets in an air-water mixture before entering the combustor of the gas turbine. A significant part of the work focuses on the performance of feasibility studies for potential test cases of application and a market survey for the basic components of the Combined Cycle (gas turbine, compressor, evaporator, heat recovery boiler with condensation and condensate polishing plant). Experimental work is carried out on the combustion of natural gas with an air-water vapour mixture. A basic technical problem to be solved is the instability of combustion that may occur; a pilot flame with higher oxygen content may be necessary. Description of work: The work carried out for the current project is divided in five Work Packages. Work Package 1 is aimed at the development and optimisation of the new Combined Cycle, using a cycle calculation program and an optimisation algorithm. Work Package 2 includes a market survey for the adaptation of the compressor and gas turbine and an experimental study on the combustion of natural gas with an air-water vapour mixture, using a modified combustor sector from a helicopter gas turbine. Work Package 3 deals with the identification of the evaporator’s specifications, the study of the heat recovery boiler with condensation and a market survey on these components. Work Packages 4 is aimed at the identification of one ISCCS (Integrated Solar Combined Cycle System) project and the calculation, evaluation and comparison of the ISCCS thermodynamic cycle with the new Combined Cycle. A market survey of potential sites for adaptation of the new Combined Cycle concept is also carried out. Finally, Work package 5 includes a study of the economic, environmental and social impacts of the new Combined Cycle. Expected Results and Exploitation Plans: The expected results of this project are – Optimisation of the new Combined Cycle and formulation of proposals on the compressor’s and gas turbine’s configuration. – Optimisation of the combustion chamber. – Study of the evaporator, the heat recovery boiler with condensation and the condensate polishing plant. – Identification of potential sites for adaptation of the new concept The results of this project can be exploited for the formulation of a competitive and high efficiency Combined Cycle with advanced fuel utilisation and improved emissions of pollutants, for adaptation by the European power production sector.
40498	ENK6-CT-2000-00091	ABLE	Advanced battery for renewable energy (ABLE)					2000-09-01	2004-09-30		FP5	€ 1,497,127.00	€ 847,323.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	Objectives and problems to be solved: The objective of the ‘ ABLE ‘ project is to develop a new advanced small and compact 12V <=100Ah VRLA (Valve Regulated Lead Acid Battery) especially designed for renewable energy applications like small and medium size PV systems. The final target is to reach higher cost effectiveness of PV systems and very significant exploitation cost reduction of such installations. The main R&D orientation is to promote very high battery reliability (without maintenance) leading to life time more than 15 years (5000 cycles @50% discharge) and to reach a higher energy efficiency for improvement of service to end user during low irradiation periods. Description of work: The Innovation in the project is based on innovative battery design using new collectors and new electrolytes and active materials formulations. The direct integration of sensors and electronic components in the battery will be performed in order to allow a better management of batteries, anti fraudulent utilisation and high adaptability to various PV systems. The concept is a 'plug and play' battery with modular parallel association depending on the capacity of the PV system using tele diagnostic or teleprocessing. The ' ABLE ' project milestones are to reach the targeted technical battery performances (reliability and lifetime) on a complete PV systems of different types and size; to solve problems related to integration of an electronic device in the battery and to succeed in reaching low manufacturing cost objectives. The partnership of this project joins the forces of: - a battery manufacturer, - an electronic and PV systems manufacturer, to design and prototype the electronic device and to fit out its systems with the batteries, - a laboratory with skills in electrochemistry for power sources, - a public organisation and an energy research foundation to test prototype batteries at laboratory scale and PV systems using new batteries. Expected results and exploitation plans: This product should present near the same investment cost than conventional batteries using tubular technology (150 EUR/kWh) but will provide very significant exploitation cost reduction of PV installations (more than factor 2). The results will lead to assess the difference between real and expected performances and the possibilities of improving the technique. Finally chances of success of industrialisation (costs, performance, manufacturing process) will be evaluated.
40635	IPS-CT-2000-00090	PV ACCEPT	Improving PV acceptability through innovative architectural design-development: Demonstration, acceptability study in protected tourist regions					nan	nan		FP5	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP5-INNOVATION-SME	nan	The existing barriers against broad implementation of Photovoltaics are manly non-technical, including design aspects. In sensitive areas under landscape and monument protection the existing PV modules don’t meet aesthetic requirements. The objective of this project is to produce an assessment of the importance of design aspects for the dissemination of the technology, to develop innovative modules for application in sensitive areas and to test possible impact on user acceptance by assessing user and public reactions to selected demonstration objects realised during the project. Two protected tourist coastal areas (one each in North and South Europe) are the test-beds for the evaluation. Close co-operation between local communities (demand side), authorities (legal side), SMEs (technical development), research institutes (acceptability study), universities (design) and international monitoring groups will take place.
40677	HPRI-CT-2001-00160	TRANSSOL-II	Transnational access to the ‘plataforma solar de almería’ : the european solar thermal test centre (2° phase)					2002-03-01	2004-02-29		FP5	€ 517,500.00	€ 517,500.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-HUMAN POTENTIAL	1.4.1.-2.
40722	ERK5-CT-1999-00023	HEEC	High efficiency energy convertor (‘HEEC’)					2000-04-01	2002-03-31		FP5	€ 299,115.00	€ 192,268.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	Objectives and problems to be solved: Potential exists for the delivered energy from solar photovoltaic (PV) plant to be increased by between 10% and 25% compared to converters currently available and depending on the region in which they are deployed. Experience has shown that the unconverted energy of currently implemented PV systems is a considerable proportion of the total energy available, especially in winter time or in the case of partial shading of the PV array. Description of the work: The project will be carried out in a two-year time span with the combined efforts of four qualified partners: SEI in Italy, ATERSA in Spain, CREST in UK and SUT in Slovakia. The project aim is the development and realisation of a new grid-connected inverter of Kew nominal power and having high efficiency (greater than 92%) between 2.5% and 100% of nominal power. The inverter is based on the philosophy of multiple converters, where several sections operate in parallel and are automatically matched to the actual power generated by the PV array. This enables an increase in the energy delivered to the grid in conditions of low solar radiation and also when the PV array is partially shaded. The project consists of six work tasks: 1. Design of the inverter – definition of electrical & mechanical design concepts, design detail, nominal voltage & power, MPPT algorithm, DSP software development, prototype development. 2. Value analysis – total value analysis, definition of cost sensitive inverter sections and cost reduction options. Regulations – up-dated for grid connection in Italy, Spain, UK and Slovak Republic’s. Manufacture – 10 inverters of 2kW.5. Laboratory testing – complete electrical and mechanical test procedure for the inverters and lab tests. 6. Installation and field test – field installation of one complete system, complete monitoring procedure and system monitoring. Expected Results and Exploitation Plans: The new inverter will be particularly effective in building applications, where partial shading of the PV array will occur from time to time. Delivery of a greater proportion of available energy to the grid results in a considerable reduction in the total cost of energy production from the PV system. The structure of the proposed inverter design is highly innovative. New electronic digital components are used to reduce losses and improve price. The price target for the new inverter is less than 300 Euro/kW, considerably lower than the cost of PV inverters currently available.
40745	ERK5-CT-1999-00017	PVFC-SYS	Photovoltaic fuel-cell hybrid system for electricity and heat production for remote sites (‘PVFC-SYS’)					2000-04-01	2004-03-31		FP5	€ 2,177,257.00	€ 1,088,627.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	Objectives and problems to be solved: Many remote sites exist and depend on stand-alone power system. A photovoltaic field, an electrolyser, a fuel cell and gas storage systems constitute the system under study. The primary source is the sun (and water), the produced energy is electricity and heat and the system is intended to be a future competitor of hybrid PV / Diesel systems, both from an environmental point of view (low noise and zero emission) as from an operational cost point of view. The main objective of the project is to demonstrate the feasibility of this system, based on the renewable energy. The investigations will allow to determine the optimal size and design of the components, the best adapted fuel and feeding process and the best way to manage the energy streams. The system has to be performing, reliable, easy to handle and safely constructed. The development of simulation tools will help to chose the design and the management, at first, of the pilot systems and in term, of each power system to be built in a remote site. Description of the work: The PVFC-SYS project is composed of the following work activities:· System design, test and construction· System assessment· Operation cost and market analysis· Simulation and tool design· Safety analysis Two stand-alone power systems will be constructed: The first, a test plant, will be built in the south of France. This test bench, a 3 kWp photovoltaic system equipped with a 5 kW fuel cell and a 3 kW electrolyser, will be used to compare different configurations and operating strategies and to assist the development of the simulation tools. Then, the second pilot system of nearly the same size will be installed in an industrial company interested in exploring new environmentally friendly technical solutions. The selection of the industrial site must be understood as a controlled step to evaluate the degree of reliability of such systems and to validate the configuration best adapted to civil remote sites. In parallel of this technical work, important studies have to be made, like the system security assessment, the analysis of the system operational costs and the corresponding market analysis taking into account quickly evolving investment costs of the components. Expected Results and Exploitation Plans: Results should demonstrate the feasibility and the competitiveness of a environmentally friendly power system (no fossil resource and zero emission). Simulation software should become a precious tool to design optimal systems for remote sites. Market analysis is expected to localise economically feasible sites.
40769	ICA3-CT-1999-00011	WAWAROMED	Wastewater recycling of olive mills in mediterrenean countries – demonstration and sustainable reuse of residuals					2000-03-01	2003-05-31		FP5	€ 943,300.00	€ 899,240.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-INCO 2	nan	The partners will investigate cheap, cost-effective WWT technologies for the processing of olive oil wastewater (OMW) in the Mediterranean. At an experimental test plant biological aerobic treatment technologies (reed beds and Equalisation) will be compared with classical in-plant processes. Anaerobic treatment will be used to produce biogas (valorisation of waste). The effluent quality will be adapted to different reuse possibilities. (Milestone: Definition of water quality). Considering the experimental results a pilot WWTP for the treatment of OMW in Crete will be erected. During the operation of the plant the effluent quality will be economically and ecologically optimised, the biogas production will be maximised; Different reuse possibilities for the WW are investigated: production of plants (treatment and direct production of plants by Equalisation or water reuse in agriculture) and the production of bricks in a nearby brickyard. The objective of the WAWAROMED project was the treatment and reuse of olive mill wastewater (OMW), which in the Mediterranean region is normally stored in open basins and causes harmful ecological impact due to overflows during winter. The OMW was treated aerobically and anaerobically in order to reduce the organic pollution. COD removal rates of 89 % were achieved but the conductivity of the effluent was still high. In order to facilitate the treatment a new biological sedimenter, which combines the advantages of aerobically and anaerobically treatment was developed. This unit shows good removal rates for COD and phenolic compounds and was realized at an olive mill in Crete. As a second treatment technology Epuvalisation which uses plants in hydroponics to purify the wastewater was tested. Diluted wastewater flowed through gravity in channels in which plants were placed, and circulated for several days. Plants absorbed all the nutrients from the wastewater in order to feed, while their roots were operating as natural filters, withholding the solids the wastewater contained. In anaerobic treated OMW the reduction of COD with the Epuvalisation system, reached, 98%, after a few days (5-9) of effluent circulation in the channels. That reduction was more likely due to sludge settlement. EC was also reduced due to K absorption from the plants. Some of the plants used in Epuvalisation system (Canna sp, Cyperus sp) adjusted very well in wastewater and got big in height with extended leaf canopy. Those plants were loosing great amounts of water through evapotranspiration. Test were made and in effluent with 33% of wastewater, more than 220 L/day/channel of wastewater effluent was lost through evapotranspiration, that means more than 70L of wastewater were lost per day. Experiments with lysimeter and field-grown olive tress, 20-year-old, were carried out in Chania, Crete, Hellas, in order to study the effects of winter application of OMW (after one day sedimentation) and summer irrigation with treated effluent (aerobic-anaerobic and epuvalization systems) on soil properties and tree performance. Seasonal application of 416 m3/ha of raw OMW (5 applications) for 3 years had no negative effects on plant physiology, nutritional status, yield and soil properties, while soil K increased, enhancing soil fertility. The analysis of leachate from 2 m soil treated with raw OMW in a lysimeter, clearly showed that pollution load (in terms of phenols and COD) was zero. Treated OMW effluent was generally suitable for summer irrigation of olives; however, the effluent from the aerobic-anaerobic treatment plant has to be diluted before used for irrigation. Toxicity tests had proved that the toxic effect of untreated OMW is given to living species. This shows once again the necessity for a treatment of the yearly huge amounts of OMW in the Mediterranean. Microbiological examinations were executed in order to separate special fungi and bacteria. By this Aspergillus Niger and Geotrichum candidum were isolated, grown and added to the OMW treatment plants in Crete. The removal rate for especially phenolic compounds was increased in order to decrease the toxicity of the untreated and treated wastewater. The energy supply of the OMW treatment plant was designed in order to substitute parts of the conventional energy by renewable energies. A PV generator supplied electric energy and a solar-thermal system was planned to heat the anaerobic reactor up to 37 C. Calculations showed that this concept is useful for small scale treatment plant but for the large scale treatment plant the heating system was realized by a biomass system. The treatment and irrigation facilities will be in operation even after the end of the project due to a cooperation between the local university and the mill owner. Efforts will be taken in order to disseminate the results. In cooperation with the Moroccan partner, contacts to the local government of the city of Fes were worked out in order to realize a similar treatment plant with the developed technologies in Morocco.
40817	G1RD-CT-2000-00194	SERPHO	Self rechargeable photovoltaic microbattery coupled system (SERPHO)					2000-09-01	2003-08-31		FP5	€ 2,389,927.00	€ 1,254,828.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-GROWTH	1.1.3.-1.	The major increase in small and flat objects like smart cards tags intelligent packaging show the needs of improving their characteristics and diversifying their use. There is a real need of innovation on these products to continue the market expansion towards citizens quality of life improvement, by increasing the quantity of information contained and the lifetime of products, decreasing the size and improving their autonomy. Up today the ultra thin batteries available are not rechargeable and no company in Europe is able to produce them. From these two needs, the idea is to build a rechargeable photovoltaic battery coupled system adapted to small smart objects. The 2D solar battery developed will consist of three integrated modules: one thin rechargeable battery and associated solar cell on flexible substrate, one electronic module for power management. Each module will have to reach specifications coming from industrial demand to have a product adapted to the smart card and hotel security device market either in terms of technical characteristics or economic ones.
40889	ERK5-CT-1999-00005	IMOTHEE	Improvement of photovoltaic modules – measures for withstanding electrical and thermal effects caused by reverse biasing of cells (IMOTHEE)					2000-02-01	2002-01-31		FP5	€ 708,446.00	€ 354,223.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	Long lifetimes (>20) of photovoltaic modules (PVM) are a precondition for cost effective operation of PV systems. Besides environmental factors hot-spot heating affects the lifetimes of PVM. European module manufactures are uncertain about the operational behaviour of commercial cells under reverse biased conditions and hence about suitable hot-spot safety measures for the modules. For thin-film PVM this problem in not adequately investigated. Therefore the project will contribute to improving the module design for the different cell technologies that have achieved production level. Each consortium partner contributes a complementary level of expertise to this project (cell and module characterisation, cell processing and module manufacturer). Long lifetimes of PVM will positively affect the efficiency of PV systems and thus create greater acceptance among the public and increased demand and economic growth in Europe.
41072	ENK5-CT-2000-00333	SOLGATE	Solar hybrid gas turbine electric power system (SOLGATE)					2001-01-01	2003-09-30		FP5	€ 3,156,120.00	€ 1,498,772.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	Objectives: The project objective is the development of a solar-hybrid power system with direct solar heating of a gas turbine’s pressurized air. In combination with highly efficient combined cycle systems or recuperated gas turbines significant cost reductions for solar electric power generation can be achieved (predicted LEC of 0.069 EUR/kWh at 50% solar share, specific investment cost of 1410 EUR/kW). The project will prove the technological feasibility, performance and cost reduction potential of such power plants. Description of the work: The project is based on recent developments on solar receivers and new highly efficient gas turbines. It is the consequent continuation of the proof-of-concept receiver test towards a marketable solar hybrid power system. An aero derivative 280 kW gas turbine (shaft power) will be procured and modified for external solar air heating. A new combustor and fuel injection system will be installed, ducts and the control system will be adapted. Auxiliary units will be integrated to build the complete grid-connected power conversion unit (GT, generator, synchronizing board etc.). A pressurized receiver module for 1000°C will be developed and built. The high temperatures will be achieved using ceramic absorbers in combination with active cooling measures on the receiver window. To reduce receiver cost a low temperature tubular receiver module (as first stage in series with the high temperature module) will be designed and built, with emphasis on low-pressure drop. The components will be integrated to a complete solar-hybrid power system and installed in the PSA solar tower facility in Almeria, Spain. The tests will cover all relevant operating conditions to demonstrate the performance of the components and the system: solar-only, solar-hybrid and fossil modes. Solar testing will be carried out for approximately 8 month to obtain reliable information about component durability and maintenance issues. Software tools will be developed to allow simulation of the component and system performance. The tools will be verified by comparing performance predictions with measured data. Then the tools will be extended to allow the cost-optimised layout of commercial solar-hybrid gas turbine power plants. The tools will be used for the conceptual layout of prototype systems, based on 3 industrial gas turbines ranging from 1.4 to 17 MWe. Combined cycle and recuperated gas turbine configurations will be assessed. The required modifications to these gas turbines will be assessed with respect to cost and influence on performance. Cost figures for the receiver system and the components for integration will be determined. The system performance is analysed and the electricity cost evaluated. The European and worldwide market potential will be assessed to define a marketing strategy. A plan for a specific demonstration plant will be developed. Expected Results and Exploitation Plans: The project will provide a sound database for the required modifications of gas turbine as well as for the high temperature receiver technology and the system integration aspects. Solar testing will prove the predicted component and system performance. From the design for 3 solar-hybrid gas turbine systems (1 to 17 MWe) a plan for a specific demonstration plant will be developed. The initial and long-term market potential will be determined, and a plan for market introduction prepared. The main goal to built and operate a solar-hybrid test system was met. The achievements of the project were in detail: 1) a helicopter turboshaft gas turbine was modified for operation with externally preheated air. The power shaft of the gas turbine was coupled to a gear box connected to a generator. A combustor suitable for air inlet temperatures up to 800 C was developed. The compressor discharge and the combustor inlet ducts were modified to enable coupling to the solar receiver system. A new control system was developed to allow for the special operating conditions of solar-hybrid systems. The nominal power rating of the modified gas turbine system was 240 kWe; 2) a low-cost receiver module was developed and tested. This module is operates as first stage in the serial connection of three receiver modules. It consists of 16 bent metallic tubes connected in parallel. The module was designed, manufactured and integrated into the test system. The cost predictions were refined based on the manufacturing data and the expected cost reduction of about 50% was verified; 3) a high temperature receiver module for up to 1000 C was developed and tested. This module uses the pressurized volumetric receiver technology with a newly developed silicon carbide absorber structure and absorber mounting insert; 4) the components were integrated to a solar-hybrid test system. The modified gas turbine was connected with the newly developed receiver modules using special connection tubing. The complete unit was installed into the PSA test bed. The appropriate fuel supply and electric connections were made. Non-solar commissioning tests verified proper functioning of all components; 5) solar-hybrid system operation: the gas turbine system was operated for 135 h, about 96 h of that time were with solar radiation. The estimated solar fraction of the generated electricity was approx. 5.2 MWh. The maximum achieved receiver outlet temperature was 960 C within the test period, and the design temperature of 1000 C seems feasible; 6) the performance for the system and the components was evaluated from the measured performance data (power level, component and system efficiencies). Problems occurred with the accurate measurement of the receiver air mass flow; 7) the cost estimates for the solarised gas turbine and the receiver system were assessed, and the modified cost assumptions were used for the system layout study; 8) software tools were developed to simulate and optimize solar-hybrid systems; the subcomponents (modified gas turbine, receiver components and solar field, auxiliary units) were modelled and the tools were verified using the performance measurements from the test system; 9) optimised system configurations in three power levels from 1 to 17 MWe were obtained. Depending on the configuration, the avoided CO2 emissions can reach up to 0.15 ton/MWh (CC configuration, 16 MWe, 1000 C max. receiver temperature). The average levelized electricity cost can be as low as 0.06 €/kWh, (CC configuration, 16 MWe, 800 C max. receiver temperature, solar share: 16%, 24 operation hours/day). For this case, the solar incremental LEC, i.e. the incremental cost for the solar contribution related to the solar power fraction, goes down to about 0.118 €/kWh. For operation during sun hours and increased receiver temperature, the solar share increases significantly. For the 16 MW CC system with 1000 C maximum receiver temperature, the solar fraction reaches about 53%. Due to the reduced operation hours the LEC goes up to about 0.09€/kWh. Specific plant investment cost were 1440 €/kWe and 1860 €/kWe for 800 C and 1000 C, respectively; 10) the solar market potential was assessed for the Mediterranean region. It was concluded that a potential for solar power plants clearly exists. Still missing is the long term experience with the receiver modules and the modified gas turbine components. The test time collected so far does not enable long term predictions of eventual degradation nor the definition of maintenance schedules.
41092	ERK6-CT-1999-00018	EUROTROUGH II	Euro trough ii – extension, test and qualification of a full scale loop of eurothrough collectors with direct steam generation					2000-10-01	2002-12-31		FP5	€ 1,993,707.00	€ 996,851.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	Based on the encouraging results of the EURO Trough I (JOR3CT980231), DISS I (JOR3CT950058 and DISS II (JOR3CT980277) projects, the major objective of the EURO Trough II proposal is to continue now with the construction, testing and qualification of the EURO Trough collector design in a full-scale loop and generate solar direct steam in parallel to the DISS collector loop at the Plataforma Solar de Almeria in Spain. This proposal within the EURO Trough cluster will be an important element to solving the problem of reducing the total cost of solar thermal electricity production to 0.08 Euro/kWh and below. While the EURO Trough I phase focused on the structural design and qualification of a single 12m long collector segment, the EURO Trough II aims at the qualification of a full collector loop up to 500m long as the missing step before commercialising the EURO Trough collectors in fields with hundreds of such loops. ET150 low-cost parabolic trough design ready, drawings and specifications are available. – Collector prototype at PSA – Test-bed at PSA – Tracking controller prototype – Qualification and test programme complete – Test results evaluated – Case studies for two projects – EU- leadership in low cost parabolic trough design – New measurement systems for parabolic trough collectors available A53
41127	ENK5-CT-2000-00334	PYTHAGORAS	Preparing the market for novel polycrystalline thin film photovoltaic generators by examination and assessment of field performance (PYTHAGORAS)					2001-01-01	2003-12-31		FP5	€ 960,957.00	€ 590,182.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	The main objective of the proposed work is to prepare the PV market for the introduction of the novel high efficiency and low cost polycrystalline thin film technology (CIS and CdTe) which will enter the market from European production towards the end of year 2000. For a successful market implementation a thorough investigation of the outdoor performance is essential. A warning example has been the market launch of amorphous silicon that suffered from insufficient field experience before the worldwide introduction of the technology. The project evaluates the field performance of CIS and CdTe modules at test sites in Northern, Central and Southern Europe, develops a model to calculate the energy output for any sites and climates, supplies feedback to the manufacturers (including results from accelerated outdoor ageing) to develop an improved module generation and -after a second test phase- gives an assessment of the technology.
41134	ERK5-CT-1999-00001	BIODISH	Development of a ceramic hybrid receiver for biogas fired dish-stirling-systems for electric power supply (‘BIODISH’)					2000-02-01	2002-01-31		FP5	€ 803,170.00	€ 437,691.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	Dish/Stirling-systems have demonstrated that they are the most efficient solar electric systems. But high system costs prevent the introduction to the market. Since the Stirling engine is independent of the heat source, the use of an additional, renewable energy source like biogas could enhance the yearly running time and therefore the profitability. To fulfil all demands of such a hybrid receiver, the use of SiC-ceramic seems to be the most promising way. The main objective of this project is the development of a compact ceramic hybrid receiver, absorbing the solar radiation on the one side and being heated by a burner wont he other side. After the production of a prototype and first tests in gas mode, the hybrid receiver will be installed and tested on a Dish/Stirling-system. An assessment on the environmental benefits and an economic analysis will complete the project, providing the necessary information for future marketing activities. 1.) non-LTE populations profiles have been generated and distributed to the consortium 2.) new complementary spectroscopic data have been generated and distributed to the consortium 3.) forward model spectral calculations have been intercompared; differences have been understood and forward model deficiencies have been removed 4.) retrieval processors have been validated by blind test retrievals on the basis of synthetic data 5.) robustness of retrieval processors has been proven by application to real MIPAS measurement data 6.) characteristics of the MIPAS instrument were assessed and described.
41144	ENK5-CT-2000-00331	PROCIS	Production of large area cis modules (PROCIS)					2001-01-01	2003-12-31		FP5	€ 2,117,924.00	€ 1,193,838.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	Cu (In, Ga) Se2 based thin film solar cell technology is at the leading edge of new low cost photovoltaic module production. Aim of the project is to make the technology suitable for the cost effective production of 120×60 cm2 CIGS modules at high throughput. Innovative developments in the project are the deposition of the absorber layer on large area substrates at low substrate temperature and to reduce the thickness of the absorber layers to <0.5um. This task reduces processing time for the deposition of the absorber and at the same time minimises the usage of material. Furthermore, junction formation by dry deposited Cd-free front electrodes avoid the usage of the heavy metal Cd and allow a coherent in- line processing. The goal is to implement these process steps in an existing pilot line for the production on 120x60cm2 modules and by this open the ways for further up scaling to production volumes of more than 10 MW/year.
41432	ERK5-CT-1999-00002	HISICON	High efficiency silicon solar cells concentrator (‘HISICON’)					2000-04-01	2003-03-31		FP5	€ 2,978,726.00	€ 1,489,363.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	Objectives and problem to be solved: The objective of the project is to develop cost effective photovoltaic systems to contribute to the EC strategy of doubling the share of Renewable Energy in the energy mix. Photovoltaic systems working at high concentration are expected to be able to produce electricity at prices comparable to the existing prices. Presently developed concentration systems use expensive Saga cells. Concentration systems using silicon cells produced in conventional silicon foundries are expected to be more cost effective than those based on expensive Saga cells. Description of work: The objective of the project is to develop a low cost X500 photovoltaic concentration system. The system is based on the concept of two stages concentration and the use of silicon cells: · the light is focussed on the silicon cell by a primary concentrator having a concentration ratio of typically X100 to X300· a silicon cell having both n and p grids on the face through which light is entering is placed at the focus of the primary concentrator· an array of micro lenses placed on the silicon cell focuses the light between the grids of· the cell, leading to an overall concentration ratio of typically X500. This concept allows a maximum collection of the light and optimum working conditions for the silicon cell. The target specifications for the system are: · 15% efficient encapsulated modules, at a NOCT not higher than 50°C above ambient.· A kip system demonstrator mounted on a two axis tracking system will me manufactured and tested. Expected Results and Exploitation Plans: The aim of this project is to develop a photovoltaic system capable of producing electricity at prices, comparable to those of grid electricity, i.e. below 0.1 Euro/kWh. Target applications for these systems are small power plants for village mini-grids and larger grid-connected power plants, thus contributing to electricity production by renewable energy in a significant manner.
41515	ENK6-CT-2000-00326	MULTIBAT	Development of multi-battery management system for renewable energies (MULTIBAT)					2001-01-01	2004-06-30		FP5	€ 1,769,732.00	€ 884,864.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	The objectives of the MULTIBAT project are to develop a multi lead-acid battery management system (hardware and software) in order to increase effectiveness and reliability of energy storage systems connected to renewable energy production plants (Photovoltaic systems, wind, biomass). The control of the charging (notably gassing phase) and discharging phases will allow increasing lead-acid batteries lifetime, easier maintenance operations and limitation of over sizing of the storage system. The reliability and effectiveness of the management system will be tested on different sites in Europe, comprising comparison experiments (classical and multi-battery systems in parallel) and tests in real conditions (domestic applications).
41641	ENK5-CT-2002-00639	SENSE	Sustainability evaluation of solar energy systems (SENSE)					2003-01-01	2006-06-30		FP5	€ 1,945,987.00	€ 1,114,659.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	The today’s main challenges for the solar industry are the need to reduce prices for solar systems, the foreseeable scarceness of raw materials and the necessary improvement of the energy pay back time. The unsolved recycling issues will become a problem in the near future. The project SENSE will face these challenges by developing recycling strategies for a-Si, CIS and CdTe solar cells and by scientifically based analysis of the efficiency of the solar systems, based on Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). This has to consider production, use and End of Life(EoL) aspects of the complete systems to be holistic. As recycling is a possibility to save energy for the primary production of new materials, it also will affect the energy payback time positively, beneath the reduction of the material scarceness and the reduction of material costs.
41700	ENK6-CT-2002-50527	STRAPCON	Solar tracking for photovoltaic concentration technologies (STRAPCON)					2002-10-01	2006-09-30		FP5	€ 129,588.00	€ 129,588.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	The recent development of III-V multifunction solar cells with efficiencies over% has stirred a renovated interest in concentration technologies, the only possible shortcut to overcome the high price of this high efficiency novel PV converters, and take advantage of their potential for terrestrial low cost electricity production, to the point of even leapfrogging over other photo voltaic technologies. Low cost, low maintenance, high reliability, sub degree precision sun tracking, jet remains, after more than 30 years of developments for the solar concentration technologies, an unsettled issue. The increasing interest for PV concentration implies an urgent demand for sub degree sun tracking achievements below the 100Euros/m2 of aperture, able to display effective automatic adaptive control strategies which counterbalance the effects of low cost low qualification installation crews, or those of dynamic misalignments due to structural stress, immune to overcast skies, power failures, and inverter interaction when assisted by power output feedback, and all this in an overall rugged design fitted to cope with climatic hostile environments. Moreover the strong growth experienced by the grid connected PV market in the last years due to the emergence of highly subsidized national policies almost everywhere will also claim for building integrated novel sun tracking concepts in order to take advantage of this upcoming progress in high efficiency concentration.
41740	ENK5-CT-2002-00654	CAC	Controlled atmosphere pv concentrator					2002-11-01	2005-12-31		FP5	€ 2,000,009.00	€ 1,000,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	The purpose of this project is to develop a PV concentration system with an innovative line focus reflective concentration module concept. It consists on enclosing in a box the most sensible components of PV concentration modules (PV cells and reflectors), eliminating degradation problems related to this type of systems in reflectors and PV module encapsulating organic elements since they are not needed. The box has a low absorption glass window and contains a non-aggressive atmosphere for any of the internal parts. A passive heat sink element evacuates the remainder heat to the out side. Cost target of 3.0 euro/Wp will be reached for mass production of the whole system.
41850	ENK5-CT-2002-80646	PV-NAS-NET	Accompanying measures for co-ordination of nas and european union rtd programmes on photovoltaic solar energy (PV-NAS-NET)					2003-01-01	2004-12-31		FP5	€ 428,499.00	€ 399,999.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	PV-NAS-NET is an Accompanying Measure Network of the representatives of ten Associated States and seven EU Member States (work packages leaders of the PV-EC-NET) . The main target of PV-NAS-NET is the increase of the coherence of the PV RTD programmes of the NAS and the EU and therefore to promote developing of Photovoltaic Solar Energy (PV) in NAS countries. To achieve this PV-NAS-NET will implement an information network and perform a benchmark for implementation of PV programmes and activities in NAS. This information will then be used for the analysis of the position of CEE in the field of PV in comparison to EU countries, USA and Japan. Based on this PV-NAS-NET will formulate a common PV RTD Strategy for NAS countries and prepare recommendations for future European Thematic Networks and Target and Key actions. In doing so, PV-NAS-NET will address all aspects of PV RTD, including environmental issues, large scale implementation and
41978	ENK6-CT-2002-00674	PROTEAS PS SYSTEM	Triple hybride concentrating pv system fot the co-generation of electricity, heat and cooling power					2003-01-01	2005-12-31		FP5	€ 1,916,685.00	€ 795,990.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	This proposal deals with the development of an industrial prototype of a concentrator type PV system of 3.0 KWp (PV system PROTEAS), which will be able to produce 6000 kWH electricity per year for average Greek solar conditions together with hot water of 55-70oC equivalent to twelve conventional 240 lit hot water solar collectors. Additionally, the system will be able to produce chilled water enough for four 12000 BTU A/C units using the produced hot water in order to produce chilled water in collaboration with a silica-gel absorption heat pump of 15 KW cooling capacity in order to prove the idea of a PV Energy Independent House.
42001	ICA4-CT-2002-10001	SOLWATER	Cost effective solar photocatalytic technology to water decontamination and disinfection in rural areas of developing contries (SOLWATER)					2002-11-01	2005-10-31		FP5	€ 1,818,577.00	€ 960,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-INCO 2	nan	Proposal addressed to the development and on site assessment of a fully autonomous solar reactor system to drinking water purification in remote locations without any chemical addition. Scientific and technological required developments will be base on photocatalytic generation, by using sunlight, of hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen species to, respectively, detoxify and disinfect contaminated (at trace level) drinking water. Detoxification system will use Toil supported catalyst and disinfections system will be generated by polymer supported sensitises photo activated by solar light. Final development system is expected to have remarkable technical features as well as social, development and environmental implications in developing countries.
42008	ENK6-CT-2002-50515	MARIO MOTTA	Thermodynamic design and optimisation of advanced solar assisted desiccant cycles for mediterranean climates					2002-06-01	2004-05-31		FP5	€ 147,400.00	€ 147,400.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	The general objective of the project is to investigate the thermodynamic behaviour of solar desiccant air-conditioning systems for Mediterranean climates. The aim is to draw a clear scenario of design rules and optimised systems configurations according to specific constrains such as climate, end use load. The development and the validation of improved dehumidifier mathematical model is carried out through the following tasks:- Experimental work on desiccant material samples- Mathematical model development- Model validation: through experimental data from test facility Than modelling activity, followed by validation, at system level is carried out. The simulation of different configurations under different boundary conditions is performed. The result analysis leads to design rules and optimised configurations identification. The applicant will have the possibility to broaden his knowledge on solar desiccant cooling systems byte integration of experimental work and computer based modelling and simulation activities. For the applicant, the results of the study will provide the basis for future cooperation in research projects with public bodies and research institutions in southern Europe by supplying a specific knowledge on the potential of such technologies in Mediterranean countries. For the host institution instead the work will provide an excellent premise for acquisition of future projects with private industries in countries in the Mediterranean.
42147	HPMF-CT-2002-01774	EGBERT FIGGEMEIER	Tuning of dye-sensitized particles in nano-structured solar cells					2002-04-01	2004-03-31		FP5	€ 150,054.00	€ 150,054.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-HUMAN POTENTIAL	nan	The project is aimed at the investigation and application of a new group of dye molecules to the dye-sensitized nano-structured solar cell (NSC) . The molecules under investigation are metal complexes with 2, 2′ : 6’2 ‘ ‘ – terpyridine and 2, 2’ bipyridine ligands, which are substituted with thiophene groups. The thiophene substituent was chosen for two reasons: Initial calculations have shown that these complexes have favorable electronical properties. Secondly, the thiophene substituent is a starting point for polymerization reactions. A modification of the starting compounds with oligomer or polymer chains will be performed on the surface of TiO2. The resulting material will be incorporated into the NSC. This procedure is based on a patented method o f the group of Dr. A. Hagfeldt, which does not involve a high-temperature step for the transformation of TiO2 powder into nano-structured material. Beside the application to the solar cell, a fundamental scientific investigation of the properties for the group of molecules will be conducted (electrochemistry, spectroscopy, photo-electrochemistry). This includes a mechanistic study of the electron transfer between the dye molecules and the TiO2 particles, and between the dye and the redox active material in the electrolyte. In conclusion, the project should result in an investigation of surface reactions of TiO2 bound complexes, the application of this material to the solar cell and insights about this new group of dyes .The two years at the host institution would enable me to apply my knowledge in the fields of electrochemistry, metal complex chemistry and surface sciences to the solar cell . I will be able to learn new techniques like the assembling of the NSC and its characterization (IV-, IPCE- and stability measurements) . In particular I will be able to familiarize myself with the femto-second laser set-up of the host institution. This will enable me to study the electron transfer kinetics by means of pulsed laser spectroscopy, complementing the electrochemical methods I used before. Beside its worldwide reputation, the host institution was chosen because it combines basic research efforts and the aim to commercialize the NSC. This applied approach will help me to learn the process of patenting inventions. My contribution to the group will be my broad experience in a variety of research fields ( e.g. Ru-complex chemistry) and experimental methods (e.g. electrochemistry, STM) relevant to the NSC.
42154	ENK5-CT-2000-00332	HELIOSAT-3	Energy-specific solar radiation data from meteosat second generation (msg): the heliosat-3 project					2001-06-01	2005-02-28		FP5	€ 2,566,424.00	€ 1,491,659.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	Objectives and problems to be solved: HELIOSAT-3 is to support the solar energy community in its efforts to in-crease the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of solar energy systems and to improve the acceptance of renewable. HELIOSAT-3 will supply high-quality solar radiation data gained from the exploitation of advanced Earth observation technologies. A substantial improvement of data quality is expected and this should better match the needs of the companies and other customers of the resulting products. HELIOSAT-3 results will be integrated into the follow-ups of the projects Satel-Light, PVSAT, SolarGIS, European Solar Radiation Atlas, and Soda. Description of work: HELIOSAT-3 will establish a prototype service for retrieving surface solar irradiance and derived energy-specific quantities taking advantage of the enhanced capabilities of the new Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellites. The main components of HELIOSAT-3 are: · Retrieval algorithms for the MSG-based estimation of major atmospheric parameters modifying the radiative transfer: water vapour, aerosols, ozone, and clouds· Calculation schemes for (i) solar irradiance based on MSG data and the retrieved actual atmospheric parameters and (ii) additional parameters relevant for solar energy applications (direct normal and spectral irradiance, angular distribution of diffuse irradiance, spatial structure of irradiance)· Implementation of an operational processing chain from Meteosat data to end-use oriented solar radiation data· Comprehensive validation with data resulting from ground measurements and current satellite methods· Prototype applications assessing the economic benefit of the derived products for the solar energy sector. The implementation of HELIOSAT-3 on a routine basis at two partners’ sites will serve the solar energy and climate communities with high quality solar irradiance data. Prototype applications performed by three project partners will assess the economic benefit of supplying application-specific data. This will result in a much more efficient and cost effective use of the solar resource. Expected results and exploitation plans: Main deliverables are the retrieval software for atmospheric parameters, the final version of HELIOSAT-3 for solar surface irradiance calculation, algorithms for the calculation of additional solar energy related quantities, operational processing chains and a complete validation of all methods. Potential users of HELIOSAT-3 will be part of the project and products will be distributed amongst the solar energy industry. A workshop on the benefits of HELIOSAT-3 will be held at the end of the project.
42657	HPAW-CT-2002-80074	nan	Photocatalytic generation of hydrogen from water					2003-01-01	2005-12-31		FP5	€ 22,000.00	€ 22,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-HUMAN POTENTIAL	nan
42724	ENK5-CT-2002-30016	LASSOL	Lightweight amorphous silicon solar panels (LASSOL)					2003-01-01	2005-06-30		FP5	€ 1,378,000.00	€ 689,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.
44116	NNE5/483/1999	MSG	Combined Project on Multi-User Solar Hybrid Grids					2000-01-01	2003-03-31		FP5	€ 3,146,947.00	€ 1,213,657.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.3.
44422	ENK5-CT-2002-30018	HELSOLAR	High-efficiency low-cost solar cells (HELSOLAR)					2003-01-01	2004-12-31		FP5	€ 1,978,344.00	€ 989,171.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.
44576	14225	FLEXCOLL	Development of flexible and extremely economic sun collectors					2003-03-28	2005-03-31		FP5	€ 1,471,211.00	€ 735,586.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan
45065	NNE5/356/1999	PS10	10 Mw Solar Thermal Power Plant in Southern Spain					2000-01-01	2002-12-31		FP5	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.5.2
45174	12636	IBPV	Innovative battery for photovoltaics applications based on intrinsically conductive rubber					2001-11-23	2002-08-30		FP5	€ 30,000.00	€ 22,500.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan
45266	12638	PREFAB-PV-CLADDING	Application of photovoltaic systems on multifamily residential building to be retrofit combined with prefabricated elements					2001-12-28	2002-09-30		FP5	€ 30,000.00	€ 22,500.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan
45349	9850	PVSOUNDLESS	Pv generators integrated into sound barriers					2003-08-22	2003-07-31		FP5	€ 4,950,057.00	€ 1,727,009.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	The aim of the project is to encourage the use of PV grid connected systems in sound barriers along highways and train rails. This type of PV integration has the advantage of matching clean electricity generation by PV technology with the environmental benefits by urban improvement, added to an important increase of quality of life for populations living near these transport ways. Some small pilot projects have been carried out in Europe. In this project, a larger scale installation is proposed. Studies will be carried out determine the optimum configuration, mainly from power conditioning strategies point of view, in order to establish an standardisation of such PV systems. Special attention will be paid to the constructive and integration aspects, and reduction costs. Marketing strategies will be carried out, looking for a large diffusion impact.
45378	11659	UNIVERSOL	Grid-connected Pv systems integrated in educational and cultural facilities					2004-01-29	2004-12-31		FP5	€ 6,013,449.00	€ 2,449,849.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	The main objective of the project is to actively participate in the Take-Off campaign aiming at doubling the share of RES in the European mix by 2010, by installing a significant number of medium-large grid-connected PV systems in educational and cultural facilities in four State-members (Spain, France, UK and the Netherlands). Wishing to establish the foundations on which the Green Campuses and Green Municipalities of the future can be built, the participants (universities, technical training organisations, regional Governments and Municipalities, cultural centres, utilities and enterprises) also aim at raising social awareness on energy issues and actual possibilities of PV technology. Thanks to the best architectural integration and technical design, and to a carefully elaborated monitoring and dissemination programme, the project will clearly contribute to improving the acceptance of renewable energy sources among all concerned professionals, and the general public.
45388	9046	SOL-MBDI	Widening the use of European solar thermal technologies in Mediterranean countries following the successful model of Greece and Cyprus. Part A: Spain, Portugal					2001-11-14	2003-05-30		FP5	€ 215,322.00	€ 172,243.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	The project aims at facilitating the way to the market for high efficiency, proven solar thermal systems, and alleviating the anticipated consequences of limited use of solar thermal systems in the south-western Mediterranean countries, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy. The project is addressed to European markets with very limited penetration of solar energy where from the technological, economic, social and aesthetic point of view it is not justified. The objectives of the proposed action are to: – Setup an information exchange mechanism – Elaborate of working papers addressing the introduction of preferred technologies and relevant legislative and economic issues
45411	13495	PV ENLARGEMENT	Pv enlargement – technology transfer, demonstration and scientific exchange action for the establishment of a strong European Pv sector					2006-06-08	2006-12-31		FP5	€ 9,934,605.00	€ 3,317,324.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	‘PV Enlargement’ will boldly demonstrate Europe’s commitment for improved energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness of PV systems, enhancing the development of large European PV markets. The project can be subdivided into three major fields of activities: 1. Demonstration (> 1, 000kWp) of highly cost-effective or very innovative PV technologies in 10 European countries for increasing public awareness about and visibility of PV solar electricity 2. Transfer of PV Technology know-how between EU-15 and CEE countries 3. Inter-European scientific exchange for improving performance and efficiency of innovative PV technologies through interconnected monitoring of performance data
45415	2290	PV-CITY GUIDE	Pv-city guide					2002-05-29	2002-06-01		FP5	€ 475,386.00	€ 200,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	The objective of PV City Guide is to provide local and regional authorities as well as related professionals (urban designers and developers, project developers and builders) with the necessary information and instruments to define, evaluate, plan and implement PV projects in an urban environment. The project will build on existing work (Thermie, Altener, IEA SHCP and PVPS). Developed through out the project and tested in ongoing BIPV projects, the guide will be designed for a practical use by the target groups to from an accepted approach towards the realisation of future projects. The PV City Guide will achieve objectives in terms of contribution to EU policies regarding RES and also to community social objectives by careful attention to local involvement and replicability. This is demonstrable by the stated interest in the project of the cities of Barcelona, Basel, Florence, Brussels and Zurich as well as several entities in Sweden and also the involvement of the energie-Cites network in international promotion.
45460	ENK5-CT-2001-00543	METEOR	Metal-induced crystallization and epitaxial deposition for thin, efficient and low-cost crystalline si solar cells – (METEOR)					2002-01-01	2005-06-30		FP5	€ 2,495,308.00	€ 1,488,144.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	The main challenge in the development of a thin-film crystalline silicon solar cell is to find an industrially applicable process for the deposition of polycrystalline silicon films of sufficient structural and electronic quality. In this project a two-step process is proposed as a novel approach: Preparation of large-grained Si seed layers on glass and ceramics by metal – induced crystallization (MIC) on which subsequently Si is epitaxially grown by electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapour deposition (low temperature path) and chemical vapour deposition (high temperature path). Targeting at an efficiency of 12% these layers will be used to make efficient solar cells. It is planned to present a mini-module with an efficiency of 10% by end of the project. This innovative approach could result in a crystalline Si thin-film technology with a cost potential below 1 Euro/Wp.
45482	13393	PV-LIGHT	Light weight PV-louvres for multifunctional solar control and day-lighting systems with improved building integration – target action E					2006-01-30	2006-09-30		FP5	€ 2,589,053.00	€ 1,294,526.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	To reach the general objective of this project, the development of a light weight multifunctional PV element, the following objectives are implemented: – definition of the architectural, energetic, engineering and economic design criteria with respect to system integration into facades and roofs – development and manufacturing of system components (light weight PV and day-lighting louvre, supporting structure, drive) – improvement and redesign of components depending on sample test results – manufacture of prototypes in the relevant size – characterisation of the system in laboratory and outdoor tests – optimisation and fitting of the system to climatic and building demands – assembly of a demonstrator to initiate market launch
45487	11767	SOLAR CITIES	Solar cities					2001-12-19	2003-12-31		FP5	€ 293,640.00	€ 234,912.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	The aim of this proposal is to promote environmental initiatives by co-ordinating city efforts and thus improving quality of life. Work will concentrate on energy-related aspects, and actions taken will provide the basis for a sound diversification of energy sources in cities. This includes all kinds of renewable energies (RE) which contribute to the reduction of emissions. The project proceeds past efforts to implement RE into city concepts, where the emphasis was on setting up networks pursuing the use of environmentally friendly technologies. However, know-ledge about successful projects has not yet spread. Therefore, existing networks engaged in implementation of RE technologies and improvement of public awareness will be used to gather information for best-practice and CO2-reduction potential development. Results will later be spread through the same networks.
45490	11706	RESURGENCE	Renewable energy systems for urban regeneration in cities of Europe					2005-08-05	2005-12-31		FP5	€ 9,572,025.00	€ 2,431,910.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	1. To install 1.8MWp of PV in 5 countries as part of significant urban regeneration programmes 2. To demonstrate the application of PV as a re-roofing material in social housing planned refurbishment, thereby improving project viability by transferring roofing budgets to the PV budget 3. To demonstrate the use of innovative energy trading mechanisms that are presented by a liberalised electricity market and the current political / environmental climate 4. To demonstrate the use of innovative PV finance mechanisms by working with banks and finance companies to assess all the possibilities for innovative PV finance mechanisms 5. To demonstrate the potential for cost reductions through competition and economies of scale 6. To review, develop, demonstrate and disseminate best- practice social integration techniques.
45496	12061	ARTISC	Refrigeration, heating and air-conditioning using an absorption refrigeration system heated by transparent insulated solar collectors					2003-09-30	2003-08-31		FP5	€ 820,700.00	€ 402,471.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan
45497	13399	ANDASOL	Andasol 50MWe Eurotrough solar thermal plant with thermal storage in the Marquesado Valley (Granada, Spain)					2006-02-14	2008-01-31		FP5	€ 14,284,641.00	€ 4,999,624.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	ANDASOL’s main objective is the implementation of a privately owned and financed 50 MWe solar thermal power plant that will produce annually 181.7 GWhe of clean, emission-free solar electricity in Southern Spain. ANDASOL will demonstrate for the first time on a utility-scale two major innovative advancements of solar thermal technology: The EUROTrough technology and a 9hour thermal storage system. By this, the ANDASOL plant will be worldwide the first solar plant of such size that can provide firm and dispatchable solar electricity at night and during cloud periods.
45512	13533	MEMDIS	Development of stand-alone, solar thermally driven and Pv-supplied desalination system based on innovative membrane distillation					2003-03-19	2006-03-31		FP5	€ 1,964,920.00	€ 982,459.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	The overall objective of the MEMDIS project is the development of stand-alone desalination systems which are based on the highly innovative membrane distillation technology. The systems integrate solar thermal and PV energy. The desalination energy is supplied entirely by solar thermal solar collectors and the electrical auxiliary energy is supplied by a PV system. Therefore the systems can work as stand-alone systems. Using the membrane distillation technology enables to achieve low-maintenance and durable desalination systems. This is extremely important for stand-alone systems entirely powered by solar energy.
45519	14823	SOLARPOWER	Development of innovative quality assurance measures to improve the efficiency of solar panel production					2004-08-04	2005-04-30		FP5	€ 645,800.00	€ 322,900.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan
45647	9753	PV-COOL-BUILD	Design guide for building integrated Pv to minimise temperature and increase electrical output					2001-04-27	2003-10-31		FP5	€ 552,337.00	€ 363,833.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	Problem: Minimizing the temperature of Building Integrated PV to increase electrical output. It is estimated that an average BIPV cell operates at a temperature of up to 10 degrees C above that which could be achieved by better informed design. This represents a loss of performance of up to 5% of power produced, as well as increasing thermal cycling stresses and ageing processes. In a European context, where 10MWp BIPV is projected to be installed annually, this represents a loss of 500KWp capacity, or around 500MWh/year of electricity generated. Cause: Designers not aware of how PV modules/laminates exchange heat with their surroundings, and therefore cannot take the operating temperature into account when designing their system.
45653	11778	EURECONF	European re- conferences 2001/2002: integrated initiative for Pv, wind & biomass technologies for European competitiveness on the world re- markets					2001-11-21	2003-05-31		FP5	€ 2,091,906.00	€ 479,986.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	The aim of the action is to demonstrate with 3 European major conferences in the RE sector the EU’s commitment and support to, and the leading European position in the 3 most important sectors of clean and climate preserving RE technologies: PV, wind and biomass. Each conference will present the cutting-edge developments in its field. The conferences will be a unique showcase for the cost-effectiveness and competitiveness of European RE technologies and an excellent forum for the presentation of the EC’s outstanding role in enabling innovative developments in RE markets. A RE excellence and junior award and special activities on the conferences are aimed at bringing about multi-level synergies among the market players of the 3 RE technologies.
45662	11735	SOLAR TRES	Molten salt solar thermal power 15MWe demonstration plant (target action “C”)					2007-04-27	2008-12-31		FP5	€ 15,343,220.00	€ 5,000,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	Demonstrating the technical and economic viability of our 15MWe thermal solar- only power plant -technically close to stand-alone operation- by 24hrs/day grid- connected operation thanks to its built-in energy storage system. To approach the goal of 0.04/kWhe by profiting from Lessons Learned in prior experience, improve efficiency, increase availability and reduce operation costs. Attaining sustainable renewables based energy production, without negative environmental impact, contributing to the 8% reduction of GHG emissions by an equivalent of 57Kton/year and supporting EU commitments on renewables. To favour electric market liberalisation, competitiveness and supply reliability.
45666	11742	EUPRES	A cross-European city partnership with large-scale realisation of innovative renewable energy schemes in the tertiary, industrial, public and private sectors					2001-12-20	2005-07-31		FP5	€ 10,388,438.00	€ 2,400,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	The basic aim of the project will be the integration of a significant share of renewable energy sources in energy systems of European communities. With the installation of 2.45MWp of PV and 2,000sqm of solar thermal collectors the project can be truly identified as a large scale implementation of RE systems. The project will prove that especially in urban areas with severe environmental problems RE systems are an excellent tool to improve the situation. On the technical level the systems will be integrated in their urban environment according to the rules of building design, tradition, style and neighbourhood. The integration into the community through the involvement of a maximum of different players (citizens, the municipality, companies etc.) by new means such as participation models represents an important objective on the non-technical level of the project.
45670	13629	BGCSE	Bulgarian centre of solar energy					2005-12-23	2006-07-31		FP5	€ 199,652.00	€ 199,652.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	The objectives of the BGCSE are: l. Rise of the scientific and technological level of ‘clean energy’ production. 2. Promoting the rapid implementation of solar systems and installations. 3. Improvement of education on and understanding of the potential and wide application of solar energy use and its significance for human welfare and the environment within the framework of sustainable development.
45680	13092	SACPEH	Solar air conditioning system using very low cost variable plastic ejector, with hybrid potential for different markets					2005-01-26	2004-10-31		FP5	€ 1,366,140.00	€ 683,070.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan
45681	2126	SLOPETRACK PV	1.2Mw Photovoltaic active tracking system power plant located on slope					2002-07-31	2002-06-30		FP5	€ 9,718,929.00	€ 3,401,625.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	The main objective of this project is to design, construct, monitor and demonstrate a 1.2MW photovoltaic (PV) power plant located on a sloping ground and with an innovative solar active tracking system for supplying electrical energy directly to the electric power grid, with the aim of integrating several technologies within an applied industrial project. This pover plant will be demonstration phase of a combination of several technologies (photovoltaic, electrical, mechanical, information and control) previously developed in other fields, before able to considerate this energy source fully commercial and competitive. Specific objectives of the project are: reducing installation costs to 6.3Euro/Wp and cell costs to 3.8Euro/Wp, to develop an innovative individual solar active tracking system for all the PV panels, improving the solar energy radiation capture in a 29% comparing with a static system, to improve current reversion technology.
45687	13802	SOL-MED II	Widening the use of European solar thermal technol in Mediterranean countries following the successful model of Greece.part B: I, F, Ro, Bg, Tr					2003-03-03	2004-07-30		FP5	€ 561,719.00	€ 470,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	The project aims at facilitating the significant market penetration of high efficiency, proven successful solar thermal systems, and at alleviating the consequences from limited use of solar thermal systems in the Mediterranean and Balkan countries, France, Italy, Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey. Specific objectives are, to: 1. Give the opportunity for the creation of synergies from the EU research work that is being carried out across the EU by all EU member states. 2. Elaborate of working papers addressing the introduction of successful technologies and the related legislative and economic issues 3. Conclude on strategy recommendations to real market actors for the support of solar water heating and its penetration in buildings, 4. Effectively promote the use solar heating to targeted end users 5. Promote European solar technologies in new markets and develop business-to-business contacts
45692	13532	IREWAT-SI	Integrated renewable energy, water & transport network for small islands-target action C-sustainable community					2003-11-06	2007-01-31		FP5	€ 6,112,890.00	€ 1,900,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	Autochthonous renewable energy sources available on the island; wind and solar power shall cover nearly 25%- of total electricity demand; – Demonstrate advantages resulting from exploitation of dedicated power electronic technology to enhance grid stability and increase penetration rates of renewable energy source; Totally (100%) cover the need of imported drinkable water; – First step in introducing electric vehicle technology; – Demonstrate (in small scale) the viability of hydrogen as energy storage; – Creation of an integrated hybrid (renewables\diesel) public power supply network; – High penetration rates in a power grid of stochastically behaviour, i.e . non-dispatchable renewables (wind-and solar power) by exploiting the energy storage capacity of the system; – Development and dissemination of reference standards, best practices and modularity requirements encouraging the application of this technology in other areas world-wide.
45693	9027	PUMPAPUR	Best practices for Pv water pumping and purification programmes – lessons from selected experience in Morocco					2001-11-23	2003-08-31		FP5	€ 249,587.00	€ 149,751.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	The general objective is to disseminate, among all the actors involved in PV water pumping, the relevant lessons from a very successful project realized in the South of Morocco under the auspices of the European cooperation. For this, the particular objectives are: – Elaboration of guidelines for implementing PV water pumping and purification systems, considering technical, social and managerial aspects – Publication and diffusion of a booklet with such guidelines, also including the description of the above -mentioned project in Morocco, as a good example. – Organization of a Seminar ‘Solar Energy and Water Purification Systems’ in Morocco.
45695	11668	PV-STARLET	Photovoltaic standardised tiles attested for roofing with a large European target					2004-10-08	2005-12-31		FP5	€ 5,419,490.00	€ 1,884,606.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	The main objective of the project is the introduction and dissemination at a full market scale of integrated PV systems based on a range of PV-tiles derived from several of the most frequently sold types of conventional tiles in Europe, associated with an appropriate BOS (inverters and wires). The final, ‘turn-key’ concept including a global energy audit of the house and a quick maintenance service is designed to become part of the basic commercial offer marketed by the traditional sector of individual and small-collective houses construction in 8 State-members and 1 associated State (F, B, D, GB, NL, I, SP, P & CH). This objective will be achieved through the installation of PV-Starlet systems on roughly 300 private houses, for a total peak-power of 600kWp. Information and training of professionals of the building sector in charge of sites identification, installation, maintenance and monitoring is a strategic dissemination activity.
45708	2038	nan	Energy technologies observatory					nan	nan		FP5	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP5-JRC	M04;S10;P04	Specific Objectives – Establishment of the framework that will guide the long-term prospects of the activity and development of a dynamic response apparatus to address customer requests, ensuring optimum and efficient coordination among partners; – Promotion of ETO to DGs and establishment of groups of prospective customers. Rise of awareness on the mission, objectives, capabilities, function, deliverables and key assets of the activity. – Establishment of a working framework for the ‘Watch and Alert’ function of the activity, including the setting-up of a literature database; – Addressing requests by DG TREN, including technology roadmaps on issues selected by them; – Strengthening of the links with existing networks and setting-up of new networks as deemed necessary; – Cultivation of underpinning R&D work to strengthen the in-house scientific and technological expertise on energy-related issues and identification of the prospects of the activity to strengthen its scientific reference background and enhance its position within the ERA. Planned Deliverables Specific deliverables to DGs: – Organising of a series of 3 workshops under the following thematic areas: – Conventional and advanced fossil-fuelled power generation technologies. – New and renewable power generation technologies – Evolutionary and advanced transportation technologies – Contribution on the drafting of Energy Technology Indicators by DG RTD. – Three reports and state-of-the art reviews on: – Carbon management on electricity generation – Evaluation of long-term scenario building models for the development and deployment of sustainable energy technologies. – Roadmaps for R&D of Renewable Energies, in particular Solar Electricity and Bio fuels. – Life-cycle assessment of Bio fuel-options to underpin planned recommendations on Bio fuels in Transport. – Technology status report on electricity storage, including advanced concepts of Hydrogen storage – Performing of a feasibility study to evaluate the need for setting up a new European Network on energy technologies that will include members from Candidate Countries. – Development of a website in order to provide information on the activities of ETO and to fulfil the needs for its ‘Watch and Alert’ function. – Establishment of a working framework for the development of a technical literature database on energy technologies. Objectives Output indicators (Specific actions taken) Impact (long term results) To provide the EU policy makers with independent, comprehensive, reliable, harmonised and timely information on energy technologies and related techno-economic assessments and to promote the development and deployment of sustainable energy technologies – Number of assessments of energy technologies, including socio-economical aspects. – Number of follow-up reports on the trends and developments in energy technologies. – Number of reports on monitoring and assessment of the impact of national incentive schemes on the progress of Renewables with respect to Community targets, and the success of voluntary agreements in the field of efficient use of electricity. – Number of Networks affiliated with the activity. – Issue of a Yearbook on New and Renewable Energy Technologies, including efficient use of Electricity Increased security of energy supply. Increased compliance of the energy sector with the EU commitments on environmental protection and climate change. Summary of the project The activity integrates the energy related projects of the Institute for Energy (IE), the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS), the Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES) and the Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU). It aims at providing technical support for the development and implementation of a EU energy policy, compatible with and in support of its sustainable development cause. In doing so, it furnishes independent, reliable and harmonised information on energy technologies and related techno-economic assessments, and promotes the development and deployment of sustainable energy technologies. It monitors trends and developments in energy technologies and their implementation, appraises the impact of a regulatory framework on technology innovation and vice versa, identifies the technologies that could close the gap between needs and trends, analyses anticipated changes and maintains a pertinent knowledge and information infrastructure. In addition, it facilitates and maintains expert networks and information technology infrastructures that will operate within the framework of ERA. ETO has a dual function: on one hand, it responds to requests from its partners/customers, and on the other hand, it executes its own project/tasks plan, to be defined in the Year 2002. The key assets of ETO are: i) its independence from national interests and lobbies; ii) its multidisciplinary character; iii) its sound scientific and experimental background; iv) its access to extensive resources of information (networks of experts, centres of excellence, non governmental organisations, industries and other energy pertinent consortia which are facilitated and operated by the partner-institutes), thus maintaining a global picture of the energy scene. In the year 2002 the activity will enter its preparatory phase so to start fully functioning according to its plan with the start of FP6. Rationale Sustainable development is a fundamental goal of the EU, thus the requirement for making it the central objective of all policies and sectors has become a priority. The contribution of energy policies to sustainable development is of outmost importance, since energy is the main ingredient of the recipe for economic growth, political harmony and social progress but also the source of most of the anthropogenic alterations to environment and global climate. Given that the issues involved are usually multidisciplinary and complex in nature, the policy maker needs to have quick access to independent, harmonised and reliable information beyond political dispute, as well as professional advice on all aspects of the issues involved. Furthermore, the policy maker/regulator needs to measure progress by using indicators and targets, reflecting comprehensive and efficient collection and reporting of information over the long-term. In line with these fundamental principles and requirements, the JRC offers a platform, the ‘Energy Technologies Observatory (ETO)’, by integrating the activities of its Institutes with energy related projects, namely IE, IES, IPTS and ITU and making full use of its networking capacities. Such a platform assists the policy maker in preparing an energy strategy, by assessing energy technologies, gathering and harmonising energy data, identifying trends and developments in sustainable energy technologies, developing and evaluating pertinent techno-economic scenarios, and contributing to foresight studies.
45723	1974	nan	Photovoltaic and solar electricity (SOLAREC)					nan	nan		FP5	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP5-JRC	M04;S10;P01	Specific Objectives Specific Objectives in 2002: General Strategy: – 1. Strengthen position within Europe as Reference for Photovoltaic Technology; – 2. Develop technology ties to Electricity efficiency; – 3. Put the Unit’s concepts of green certification in the heart of DG TREN’s agenda of monitoring the implementation of Renewables; – 4. Accreditation of the European Solar Test Installation to ISO 17025; – 5. Elaboration of technical details for the ETO Integrated Project for FP6 Objectives relating to International Standards/ Organisations: – Input to IEC TC82: three sessions WG2; two sessions WG3; – Establish contacts with CIE (ISO-recognised body for standardisation in lighting); – Accreditation at IECQ level; – Membership of EUROMET. Objectives for Scientific Production – Contact and Interface Investigation on Photovoltaic Devices; – Development of applications for IR thermal probing of wafers, cells and PV modules; – Consolidation of a Reference Measurements and Calibration Competence Centre, in particular initiating a Round-Robin calibration; – Finalisation of the Energy Rating Procedure for Photovoltaic Solar Modules; – The development of operating procedures for PV concentrator measurements will be finalised; – Accreditation of the Nominal Operating Cell Temperature test within the QA System; – Accreditation of the On Site Acceptance Tests; – Develop an internet-based tradable green certification system for the monitoring of the RES-E – Implement Recommendations of Prioritisation Audit, in particular by developing links to DG DEV. Networking Objectives – Start-up of the S/T Reference System on Renewables and Energy Efficiency; – The Ultra-High Efficiency Solar Cells Network (1st Workshop in December); – Roadmaps for Future R&D in Photovoltaic (Starts 2002); – GreenLight networking with the CC – Start-Up Phase of the S/T Reference System on Renewable Energies and Efficient Use of Energy. Planned Deliverables Deliverables 2002: General Deliverables – Edit Proceedings of the 17th European PV Solar Energy Conference in Munich; – Organise the programme for the 18th European PV Solar Energy Conference in Osaka, Japan. Specific deliverables to DGs: – Establish additional web pages for EC energy-efficiency initiatives; enhance GreenLight Web-site; – Call Expert-Workshop on ‘Electronic Green Certification’; – On site Acceptance Tests for EU funded demonstration projects; – European Technical Advisory group on International Standards; – Organisation of the annual European Green Light workshop; – S&T support to the definition, implementation and monitoring of DG TREN initiatives: Appliance standards; Green Light, Motor Challenge; Energy Star; -Standby Initiative. As a result of the research: – Procedures for the calibration of tandem and multi-junction solar cells; – Development of new process characterisation techniques for cost reduction and throughput increase in PV production by application of laser and thermal techniques; – Procedure and draft standard for the Energy Rating of Photovoltaic Solar Modules; – Publication of results in international journals and conferences. Summary of 2001 Deliverables: 31/12/2001 Device Physics and Reference Measurements Renewable Energies Unit Ph.D. Student awarded JRC Young Scientist Prize The Solarec Project team was extremely satisfied to see one of its former students, Guido Agostinelli, awarded the above prize for the excellent work he carried out in the Unit on understanding the limiting factors of CdTe Solar Cells. The spectral response of tandem solar cell were measured for the first time at JRC at the upgraded device spectral response system. With a coloured bias light system the spectral responses of top and bottom cells (in the tandem) were measured separately. The measurements were compared with the I-V curves obtained in a solar simulator (WACOM). This allowed the determination of which of the two cells in the tandem is limiting its output current. During the investigation over 100 (single) measurements of the spectral response on eight different solar cells were performed (together with visiting scientist). The work also highlighted the difficulties in determining the mismatch factors on which work is continuing. New measurement results on the voltage biased optical beam induced current measurement of CSS and CBD CdTe solar cells revealed sub surface localised shunts in the material leading a second junction model as we first proposed at the Materials Research Society Spring meeting this year. The confirmation of these effects on a second source material indicated the generality of the occurrence. In May 2001 the first Calibration of 18 pyranometers according ISO – 9847 was performed on the new outdoor calibration site. Modules and Systems Continuous request from industry, research groups and universities for PV module qualification testing, calibration measurements and proto-type development were processed and executed during 2001. This was the busiest year in the history of these services here at the JRC with over 50 request for measurement and reference data received a total of 35 contracts were concluded. Applications and Exploration of Technology Opportunities Following almost one year of non-operation the display on the ELSA PV Façade was restarted. A new activity was started to fulfil a MoU with European Car Manufacturers and Oil Producers (Concawe) on the Life Cycle Analyse for alternative Fuels, specialising a Biofuels in anticipation a possible future EU directive. Horizontal Activities The European Solar Test Installation successfully passed an external audit of its EN45001 quality system this year extending the accreditation for a further 5-year period. The Unit participated in two Technical Committee Meetings of the International Electro technical Commission. It delivered its ‘New Work Item Proposals’ on Energy Rating, Trace ability of Reference Cells and the Detailed Specification required for the IEC Quality Scheme. During 2001 the Solarec Project contributed to European Research Development and dissemination by chairinghnical programme for the 17th European Solar Energy Conference held in Munich DE. Over 1100 abstracts were submitted and some 953 presentations accepted, making this the largest Photovoltaic conference in the world. Support to DG TREN – Support in the follow-up of the Green Light Programme of DG TREN has continued with: technical co-ordination of all the Green Light demonstration projects in the 14 EU member states; maintenance of the Green Light web site for technical support of energy saving lighting projects; publication of the first-year assessment of the Green Light results; co-ordination of the Green Light stakeholders network; presentations at various workshop, trade fairs, conferences. – Support in the development of the Motor Challenge Programme and the management of the EURODEEM database; – Support for the 2001 Luminaire Competition. Output Indicators and Impact The level of publications in peer reviewed conferences and journals will be monitored. Together with the participation in international networks, expert meetings and invited presentations. A clear indication of the European level of the collaboration and integration is the number of publications made with other international organisations in the field. In 2001 joint publications were made with more than 35 different organisations. Summary of the project SOLAREC supports the action plan for implementing Photovoltaic solar energy, as described in the Commission’s White Paper for a Community Strategy and Action Plan, ‘Energy for the future: Renewable Sources of Energy’. This project is targeted to single market harmonisation through quality and performance standards and will provide technology reference for quality assurance in research, manufacturing, implementation and services concerning Photovoltaic Solar Energy. Specific objectives are: i) to resolve problems of materials’ supply for Photovoltaic Solar Energy by investigating thin-film technology, multi-junction materials with potential to replace the limited silicon stock; ii) to carry out research on new encapsulation techniques to significantly reduce costs and to prevent PV-devices failure by high voltage, light absorption and high temperature/high humidity exposure; iii) to develop quality codes for the integration of Solar Electricity Systems in centralised and decentralised supply (e.g., developing quality codes for integration of PV products in new buildings, ‘green pricing’). The project will maintain the European Solar Testing Installation (ESTI) for type approval and certification and for pre-normative research; it will endeavour in addition to establish the ‘World Photovoltaic Scale’, to increase precision measurements in order to meet market requirements, to harmonise power and energy rating of devices. It also includes activities in the field of end-use energy efficiency in buildings, for maximisation of PV benefits. See also the related EU enlargement process pre-accession (pa) project. Rationale Research on new and renewable sources of energy and their integration, in particular into decentralised systems, and on technologies for the storage and distribution of electricity and new materials, constitute a major priority. The Commission communicated in its White Paper for a Community Strategy and Action Plan ‘Energy for the Future: Renewable Sources of Energy’ an action plan which calls for a 100-fold increase in Photovoltaic systems by the year 2010 (equivalent to a 30% increase per year). This goal can be achieved through the proposed action for 1,000,000 PV systems. However, to meet such an ambitious goal, problems related to materials supply, new technologies and cost reduction have to be resolved. Also, solar thermal electricity generation, in particular in combination with natural gas, is foreseen as a technology option targeted at solving sustainable energy supply in the Mediterranean. The particular role the JRC shall play in the monitoring of progress of renewable energies is specifically mentioned in the above-cited White Paper.
45754	1975	nan	Advanced electricity storage (ADELS)					nan	nan		FP5	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP5-JRC	M04;S10;P01	Specific Objectives Specific Objectives in 2002: – 1. Battery Performance, Testing and Standards: Definition of the test performance and test procedures, which best describe the real operating conditions of energy storage systems in a given category of Renewable Energy Systems. Together with network partners to examine and propose a development strategy and funding priorities for future RTD actions in intermittent renewable storage; – 2. Solar Home Systems: Methods and Standards: Continue to contribute to the improvements of the quality of SHS by developing (together with network partners) test procedures and confirming the reliability of those tests as a tool for SHS quality assurance. Together with partners to do preparatory work on the extension of the energy rating approach for SHS to grid-connected PV systems in view of FP-6; – 3. Hydrogen as Electricity Storage: To complete the work being carried out in the topic area of nano-structured carbon (SWNT and MWNT) by confirming the extent of the hydrogen storage capacity of these materials. Preparatory works for an activity on Photoelectrochemical system for water splitting as hydrogen production system within FP-6 as combination of short-term storage (electrochemical batteries) with long-term/seasonal storage as it can be foreseen with an electrolyser to produce hydrogen combined with a fuel cell; – 4. Analytical monitoring of PV-installations: Continuation of our support role in the market penetration of PV systems by performing the analytical monitoring of DG TREN PV demonstration projects. Extension of this activity by proposing new/alternative means of monitoring; – 5. DG RELEX and DG DEV: Through objectives 1 and 2, ADELS will build closer links with Europe Aid Co-operation Office to support their role as responsible for all phases of the policy cycle assuring the achievement of the objectives of the programmes established by DG RELEX and DG DEV. Planned Deliverables Deliverables 2002: – 1. Battery Performance, Testing and Standards: Draft of test performance and test procedures for lead-acid batteries used in stand alone PV systems (solar home systems). Interaction with the Global Approval Program for PV (PV-GAP) to establish a PV-GAP Recommended Specification (PVRS) as a first step for a widely accepted standard and IEC (new work-item proposal); – 2. Solar Home Systems: Methods and Standards: Report confirming the reliability of the System Balance Point as a parameter to measure the energy rating of SHSs; – 3. Hydrogen as Electricity Storage: Final analysis and report on the hydrogen storage capacity of nano-structured carbon material together with production and characterisation methods; – 4. Analytical monitoring of PV-installations: Monthly monitoring reports of DG TREN PV demonstration projects. Specific deliverables to DGs: – 1. Analytical monitoring of PV-installations: Monthly monitoring reports of DG TREN PV demonstration projects; – 2. Battery Performance, Testing and Standards: Report (together with other partners in the INVESTIRE network) on strategy and future RTD actions in intermittent renewable storage. As a result of the research: – 1. Technical publications (reports, reviewed papers and conference papers); – 2. Testing Techniques and Testing Facilities for hydrogen storage, Integrating storage systems for local grid management, Laboratory for electrical storage measurements; – 3. Dissemination in own Internet site, making available all project information, reports, certification, draft standards and recommendations, product data banks, conference and exhibition organisation. Summary of Deliverables 2001: 31/12/2001 – Battery Performance, Testing and Standards: The battery test facility that is used for performing and developing test procedures to predict the long-term performance of batteries has been pivotal for the acceptance of ADELS as a partner in the INVESTIRE network. ADELS acts as a member of the steering committee of the network and additionally contribute to different technical undertakings. This network is perceived by the DG-RTD as an example of the type of Network of Excellence that should be the basic building block of the European Research Area in FP-6. Moreover, as a service for Solar Home System’s tests, it has decisively contributed to the formulation of the IEC standard 62124. ADELS has provided, on request to DG JRC Headquarters, information and analysis on the issue of a new Directive on Batteries. In particular on the proposal of substituting Ni-Cd batteries by other types (Ni -MH) as indicated in the new directive; – Solar Home Systems: Methods and Standards: Indoor and outdoor tests have been performed on SHSs as a part of an international effort to increase the quality of SHSs by validating a draft international SHSs performance standard. The validation of the proposed IEC standard 62124 (Photovoltaic (PV) stand-alone systems – Design qualification and type approval) by ADELS has demonstrated that the indoor procedure is very reproducible (error < 10%). This will give confidence in the standard that will be voted upon in the near future. The tests are continuing to further validate the proposed standard; – H2 as Electricity Storage: Using the modified CVD technique specimens of carbon nanotubes are routinely obtained in 10 minutes with diameters in the range 2 to 4 nanometers and typical length of one micron. As catalyst magnesium oxides with iron salts and special zeolite material were used. The use of magnesium oxide is due to the ease with which these catalyst are removed and therefore making the purification of the material simpler. We have confirmed, in collaboration with the university of Salford, the absorption of hydrogen on the surface of the carbon nanotubes by identifying the neutron diffraction peak that corresponds to the hydrogen rotational level in the nanostructure. A second peak that indicates the movement of the hydrogen on the surface is still to be confirmed but everything points to the fact that hydrogen is stored between the tubes in a bundle. A high-pressure apparatus (maximum charging pressure of 100 bar) has been set-up and commissioned that complements the measurements made up to now in a thermo balance (with a maximum charging pressure of 10 bar). This allows us to test if, as some authors have indicated, there is an adsorption step at room temperature and a pressure of approximately 40bar. The preliminary results at room temperature have been very disappointing with no indication of any hydrogen uptake; – PV-installations monitoring: This technical support to DG TREN has been strengthened during 2001 and the analytical monitoring of PV-installations, supporting the demonstration of European photovoltaic systems, has continued. Enhancement of PERL scripts (executable on any Windows Platform) has been performed so as to permit automatic data-transfer to the NUFF-format from previously irregular data formats. Furthermore, the report generating EXCEL-MACROs has been enhanced to perform automatic crosschecks for data consistency of PV-Monitoring data blocks. Output Indicators and Impact Number of reports and publication in conferences and refereed journals. Involvement in networks dealing with storage of energy for Renewable Energy Sources (the project is involved already for the next 30 month in the INVESTIRE network). Customer/partner satisfaction survey report. Summary of the project ADELS addresses the development of innovative concepts for storage and control of electrical energy for various applications. The project structure consists of Assessment of Storage Options, Guidelines and Standards and Use of Advanced Materials and Processes. The project targets in particular the following areas: – 1) Battery Performance, Testing and Standards: Because of the decrease of prices of PV generators on the one hand, and the quite constant price of batteries on the other, the cost share of the storage element in the life-cycle cost analysis of a small PV system becomes proportionally higher. It is therefore crucial to optimise the battery storage system and to investigate means to mitigate its capacity losses and service interruptions; – 2) Solar Home Systems: Methods and Standards: The storage of electricity is the core of small (~100 Watt) stand-alone systems, the so-called Solar Home Systems. SHS represents the world’s most widespread current PV application. ADELS provides testing and contributes to the development and validation of methods and standards to raise the overall quality for these products to match those already existing for PV modules; – 3) Hydrogen as Electricity Storage: The high efficient conversion to electricity of fuel cells with no pollution makes the use of hydrogen an attractive medium for electricity storage. Therefore, besides the traditional storage methods (e.g. lead-acid batteries), the project also investigates the potential of hydrogen by examining its production from renewable energy sources and its storage using advanced materials (e.g. carbon nanotubes and graphitic nanofibres); – 4) ADELS also performs the analytical monitoring of PV-installations, supporting the demonstration of European Photovoltaic Systems as technical assistance to DG TREN. Rationale The Commission action plan on energy for the future calls for a 100-fold increase by 2010 in renewable energies produced by Photovoltaic (PV). Meeting the goal of this ambitious plan requires compensating for the fluctuating nature of this energy source through storage for both stand-alone and grid-connected systems where some utility load levelling need to be provided. Apart from lead-acid and NiCd batteries especially in cars and PV systems, other ways of storage with better environmental and economic characteristics are far away from the market (energy storage will become a bigger proportion of the cost of PV system as the modules get cheaper). Low cost and increased capacity for storage of electricity produced from renewable energy is crucial for integration in buildings, utility grids, and remote electricity supplies, within the EU as well as for sustainable infrastructures in the new independent states and in the Mediterranean basin. This serious bottleneck for the use of renewable energies can be overcome by transforming innovative materials and processes for storage applications into industrial products. The technologies studied are very different in terms of costs, efficiency, applications and size. Sound, dependable measurements, qualification and certification standards will be required to enable a common base of assessment, technology transfer and implementation support.
46018	13810	TAQSOLRE	Tackling the quality in solar rural electrification – target action C					2003-01-24	2006-01-31		FP5	€ 662,516.00	€ 496,885.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	– To identify the technical problems linked with the social acceptance of solar rural electrification in developing countries – To establish technical parameters that permits quantification of the reliability of a PV System and confidence ensuring energy delivery on a temporal basis. – To explore the mechanisms to establish local or regional quality controls in PV systems as a whole, modules, B.O.S. components, installation and service. This project will exploit two previous pre normative actions fund by the Commission, which delivered an integral standard for SHS’s successfully disseminated and the qualification process associated to assess their fulfilment. – To increase the confidence in PV systems as an important tool to support sustainable development in rural areas of developing countries.
46116	ENK6-CT-2002-80664	PV-EST	Materials and technologies for photovoltaic applications from estonia					2003-01-01	2007-06-30		FP5	€ 299,991.00	€ 299,991.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	Proposed project aims to strengthen the Photovoltaic Research Centre at Tallinn Technical University and integrate further it into European- and worldwide network of photovoltaic research. Project will be realized via a package of different means: training of graduate and post-graduate students, temporary placements of senior researchers for advancing collaborative research and offering dissemination schemes via workshops and training in exploitation. Current project is to foster leading edge position of TTU PV Research Centre in CEEC and widen European PV research network.
46173	13770	EUROPV	Euro-conference on photovoltaic devices – target action L					2002-12-30	2005-04-30		FP5	€ 117,375.00	€ 70,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	The search for a substitute for fossil energy sources, the world wide improving environmental awareness and the needs of the growing population in developing countries have increased the interest in photovoltaics (PV) as a long term available, environmentally friendly and reliable energy technology. This leads to the search for new developments with respect to material use and consumption, device design and production technologies. If PV is to be implemented as one of the major sources of world energy supply, the question about the environmental impact of this technology has to be answered satisfactorily. The suitability of PV as a sustainable and environmentally benign source of energy has to be proven and therefore, the total lifecycle of PV-systems has to be analysed including where and how the systems are used. To initiate a fruitful and truly international discussion on these topics, two conferences will be held in 2003 and 2004, respectively.
46184	ENK6-CT-2002-00688	CONSOL	Connection technologies for thin film solar cells (CONSOL)					2003-01-01	2005-06-30		FP5	€ 1,300,973.00	€ 541,311.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	The quality and applicability of two different connection technologies will be investigated for bonding metallic tapes to CIGS thin film solar cells and modules: i)using conductive adhesives and ii)ultrasonic welding. This will be realised by using test layers and solar cells/modules on i) glass substrates and ii) flexible metal substrates (new applications). Various adhesives will be tested and analysed to achieve an optimised formulation. The following goals are pursued: i)optimisation of adhesive properties and welding components, ii) optimisation of process steps and parameters, iii) increase of module power output and lifetime by reduction of contact resistance and adhesion problems, iv) decrease of process costs by rationalisation of process steps, vii) design and concept for a manufacturing equipment (separate for each technology).
46271	ICA3-CT-2002-10016	AQUACAT	Detoxification of waters for their recycling and potabilisation by solar photocatalysis in semi-arid countries					2003-01-01	2005-12-31		FP5	€ 1,706,294.00	€ 1,000,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-INCO 2	nan	This proposal is addressed to the development and on site assessment of a fully autonomous solar reactor system to drinking water purification in semi-arid areas of the mediterranean basin. The scientific and technological required developments will be based on photocatalytic generation of hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen species, by using sunlight, to detoxify and disinfect contaminated (at trace level) drinking water respectively. Detoxification system will use Toil supported catalyst and disinfections system will be generated by supported sensitises photo activated by solar light. Final development system is expected to have remarkable technical features as well as social, development and environmental implications in mediterranean countries.
46325	ENK6-CT-2002-00664	NEBULES	New buffer layers for efficient chalcopyrite solar cells – target action l (NEBULES)					2003-01-01	2005-12-31		FP5	€ 2,672,084.00	€ 1,543,711.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	The aim of this project is to develop buffers for chalcopyrite solar cells that make them suitable for production. Therefore a threefold effort will be followed:- make Cads as save as possible by relevant recycling procedures- develop Cd-free buffer materials and their recycling procedures- develop dry in-line compatible deposition methods Improved material yield, relaxed safety conditions and simplicities process management will reduce production costs for these highly efficient and lox-toxic modules. Material and process development will be performed on both: selenideand sulfide absorbers. Efficiencies of 15% for selenides and 12% for sulfides arethe goal.
46370	EVK1-CT-2002-30028	SOLARDIST	Development of a solar distillation wastewater treatment plant for olive oil mills					2003-01-01	2004-12-31		FP5	€ 826,794.00	€ 413,344.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-1.	Scientific objectives and approach: The main objective of the SOLARDIST project is the treatment of the liquid waste generated in small olive oil mills, many of them with no economically adequate treatment system, by means of a combination of a solar distillation process and constructed wetlands. In addition to this, the organic solid waste generated during the process of the olive oil, is proposed to be composted in order to provide an environmental friendly solution to this residue. Problems to be solved: Europe is the most important producer of olives in the world. A significant part of the olives harvested are processed to produce olive oil in several thousand of mills. These producers are mainly placed in the basin of the Mediterranean Sea (Greece, Italy, Spain, and other countries), and all of them with the common trouble of the wastewater generated in the process. Many of them are small and medium sized enterprises, without enough economical resources to afford expensive solutions for the problem of this wastewater. It is necessary to join forces and resources from all of them in order to find an economical and easy solution. Besides, a solid residue is produced within the olive oil production, which usually is burned or deposited in olive farms. Expected Impacts: The project SOLARDIST will have several positive impacts once it is conclude. On the one hand, the establishment of a solar distillation wastewater treatment system for SMEs olive mills in combination with a biological treatment like constructed wetlands would allow to eliminate the 98 % of its organic matter content, including phenols and polyphenolic compounds. As well as this, the reduction of the air pollution and odour generated from uncontrolled evaporation pools, due to the installation of the solar distillation. The SOLARDIST system will be an easy-to-handle, almost maintenance-free and practically process cost-free wastewater treatment system for olive oil mills. The system will allow composting the organic solid waste generated at the same time in the olive oil facilities. On the other hand, from a social point of view, the SOLARDIST project considers the use of the sun as a renewable energy source for the treatment of olive oil wastewater. The cooperation between different sectors as olive oil producers, compost producers, water technology companies and renewable energy sector will be enhanced. Finally, no professional staff will be needed to operate the system, and moreover, SOLARDIST supports the independence of the olive oil mills and employment in the olive oil industry.
46397	ENK6-CT-2002-00618	EPIMETSI	High throughput epitaxial reactor development for solar cell manufacturing from mg-silicon (EPIMETSI)					2002-12-01	2006-11-30		FP5	€ 3,619,803.00	€ 1,997,400.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-6.	Objectives and problems to be solved: The objective of this proposal is to fabricate silicon thin film solar cells on metallurgical silicon substrates with a high throughput epitaxial reactor of novel design. This reactor will be able to be fed with electronic grade source gases or with gases obtained in site from metallurgical silicon (MG Si). In this way, MG Si will be treated along two circuits, one producing medium purified substrates and other producing highly purified epitaxies where the cell is fabricated, to directly obtain solar cells starting from it. Even if electronic grade epitaxy source gases were used, important cost reduction of the cells is expected in the medium term when sufficient learning is achieved. But more important in the shorter term is the security of the supply of wafers as starting material for solar cells thus facing the problem of silicon feedstock shortage in the near future. Description of work: The achievement of this R&D goal will be pursued by addressing the following lines: 1. Upgrading metallurgical silicon to a level suitable for epic – cells substrates; 2. Design and prototype demonstration of a high throughput epitaxial reactor; 3. Design and prototype demonstration of re-circulation and synthesis of pure gases for epitaxy growth and 4. Development of appropriate processing for epic – cells. Industrial perspective will be sought for by 5. Conducting manufacturability studies in a factory environment and 6. Cost and market analysis. The consortium includes a leading photovoltaic manufacturing company (ISOFOTON) that will act as coordinator and will ensure the industrial compatibility of the developed techniques. A metallurgical silicon manufacturer (ELKEM) and a producer of cast silicon and casting equipment (Crystalox) will work in the preparation of suitable substrates from metallurgical silicon. IMEC is a microelectronic and photovoltaic laboratory that will develop the high efficiency thin film solar cell process and will optimise epitaxy parameters on the substrates. IES-UPM is another photovoltaic research laboratory that will undertake the design of the epitaxial reactor based on previous studies. DIQ-UCM is a University group and will deal with the basic chemistry issues of the epitaxy and source gases. Finally, CYTHELIA is a specialised consultant agency that will assist the co-ordinator in the cost and marketing studies. By the middle of the project it is expected to have 12% efficient epitaxial solar cells fabricated with conventional reactors on metallurgical substrates and the design of the reactor and the units for source gas treatment. By the end of the project it is expected to fabricate in a pilot line 14% efficient epitaxial solar cells and 13% in the factory, with which a module will be built. It is expected also to have working prototypes of the high throughput epitaxial reactor with a high packing density (more than 150 wafers in the post-prototype stage) and of the recirculation unit. The fulfilment of these objectives will demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed Si thin film technology. Expected results and Exploitation Plans: This project is addressed to a quickly growing market that by the end of the project will amount € 90 Million. Ultimately this market may be of some € 20 Billion. It would involve the unhampered growth of the PV industry that ultimately might provide 1/3 of the World electricity and so contribute, jointly with other actions contemplated in the RIGES scenario presented to the Rio Summit, to keep GHG below the level of 1985.To ensure the exploitation of the results, the consortium includes a silicon manufacturer, a crystal growing equipment manufacturer and a solar cell manufacturer, all of them with a leading position in the PV market today, and thus all range of applications of the technology is encompassed.
46400	ENK5-CT-2002-00687	EURO-PSB	The european polymer solar battery (EURO-PSB)					2003-01-01	2005-12-31		FP5	€ 2,735,048.00	€ 1,458,517.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	1.1.4.-5.	Integration of a self-rechargeable battery into small planar and mobile objects like cellular phones could revolutionize their use. The aim of this project is to develop a thin (<1mm) and flexible solar battery by coupling on top of each other a polymer photovoltaic cell with a lithium-polymer battery. The use of organic materials allows voltage matching (typically a few volts) between both components of the tandem device as well as specifications compatible with small planar devices (sensitivity to low or diffuse illumination, lifetime>10 years, etc). The partnership is composed of six partners from five European countries including two SME companies producing solar cells, one large company producing lithium-polymer batteries and three research groups working on organic solar cells.
46451	2278	IL VALORE DEL SOLE	Il valore del sole: executive pv conference in Venice, dissemination and follow-up with an international agreement					2000-06-22	2001-07-01		FP5	€ 196,000.00	€ 36,750.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	The project will stimulate future markets for PV technologies in collaboration with International Energy Agency. 200 senior executives from the energy sector, building sector, PV industry, financial institutions and governments will be invited to an executive conference to: – discuss and jointly develop strategic PV business opportunities in rapidly-changing energy markets and the movement toward sustainable buildings, – share lessons learned from recent market experience on the full range additional values that arise from the use of PV system and how those values impact on customer choice – promote international co-operation between private and public sectors on policies for removal of key restraints and for promotion, financing and implementation of PV projects. A ‘Declaration’, modelled on EU Declaration of Madrid, will be drafted and developed as the basis for a wider International Agreement, along the lines of the EU White Paper.
46455	2250	POSHIP	The potential of solar heat in industrial processes					2000-06-22	2001-08-15		FP5	€ 351,233.00	€ 351,233.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan	There is a large application potential for solar thermal energy at a medium temperature level (up to 250°c). The industrial heat demand in Europe in this temperature range is more than 300 TWh. Recent developments of high efficient stationary solar collectors and sun tracking parabolic-through collectors allow producing solar heat in this temperature range in southern Europe with an annual solar heat gain at energy prices from 0.025 to 0.045 EURO/kWh. The basic objective of the present study is to contribute to a significant market introduction of solar thermal energy for industrial process heat in southern Europe countries. A potential study for Spain and Portugal, individual case studies and promotion and dissemination activities will be carried out, informing technicians and decision makers in industry and administration about the possibilities of solar process heat and to provide them with evaluation guide lines.
46457	13090	OPICS	Optimized integrated collector storage: low-cost solar thermal systems for houses and offices					2002-11-13	2004-11-30		FP5	€ 722,650.00	€ 360,500.00	0	0	0	0	FP5-EESD	nan
46750	35533	SOLARNTYPE	Development of n-type polymer materials used as alternative to soluble C60 derivatives and their use in organic solar cells					2006-10-01	2010-09-30		FP6	€ 1.00-	€ 3,264,824.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-MOBILITY	MOBILITY-1.1	The utilisation of conjugated polymers in solar cell active layers is based on a photo induced electron transfer phenomenon and first promising results came from donor/acceptor hetero-junction solar cell based on polymer/fullerene blends, the conjugated polymer being a p-type material and fullerene a n-type material. Since that first discovery, main research on donor/acceptor hetero-junction solar cells has focused on p-type materials and very little on n-type materials, with fullerene and its derivatives currently being the major electron acceptor studied and used in all developments. Conjugated polymers can be divided in two classes: p-type materials with hole transport properties as for example the well-know MEH-PPV and n-type materials with electron transport properties such as CN-PPV. So far, only a few reports have explored n-type conjugated polymers and the main efforts towards such materials were focussed on LED applications with almost none on solar cells. Dedicated conjugated polymers having n-type properties to be used as alternatives to fullerene C60 and fullerene derivatives PCBM in organic donor/acceptor hetero-junction solar cells are now a real need in the organic solar cell research community. The network SolarNtype – made of excellent academic (5 ), pure and applied non-academic research institutes (4) and industrial (1) partners from 7 Member States – will contribute to the design, synthesis and testing in devices of novel n-type ‘electron acceptor’ conjugated polymers for an application in organic donor/acceptor bulk hetero-junction solar cells. The multidisciplinary character of the SolarNtype network and the world recognition of the network partners will broaden the possibilities of the young and experienced researchers to acquire complementary s kills through mobility. The consortium will integrate the gender dimension in this network according to the European Union and national legislation and recommendations.
46791	35884	NANOMATCH	Supramolecular nanostructured organic/inorganic hybrid systems					2006-09-01	2010-08-31		FP6	€ 2,618,044.00	€ 3,682,047.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-MOBILITY	MOBILITY-1.1	NANOMATCH is an interdisciplinary and intersectorial research and training network in the emerging field of nanoscience and -technology. The project aims at the development of tailored photo- and electro-responsive organic/inorganic hybrid systems such as photovoltaic cells, LEDs, and electro-optic modulators, by combining the advantages of organic and inorganic materials. Widespread application of polymeric materials is mainly restricted by their limited chemical stability and lack of control of (inter-) molecular order. In our approach, these limitations are overcome by hierarchical organization of matter at different scales. A. Molecular control is attained by the ‘oligomer approach’, to tailor the molecules to specific applications such as ‘stopcock’ and anchor molecules, colour tuning, high PL and NLO efficiencies, as well as energy (ET), electron (eT) and proton transfer properties. B. Control at the nanoscale is achieved by the supra molecular concept of host-guest compounds, with active molecules encapsulated in (in-) organic hosts, to obtain chemical stability, intrinsic polarization, enhanced lasing-, PL-, NLO-, ET- and eTefficiencies, as well as energy funnelling. C. Control at the microscale is fulfilled by matching the nanostructured microscopic object s to the ‘outside world’, through self assembly, deposition on patterned surfaces, (non-) covalently binding via the ‘stopcock principle’, inkjet printing, and homogeneous dispersion in polymers. The control of order in this approach opens new possibilities in device technologies, but also deepens the understanding of elementary processes such as energy- and electron transfer in 3-dimensional molecular arrangements and at the organic/inorganic interface by full-control of the structural, electronic and optical parameters. Thorough understanding is accomplished by state-of-the-art structural, photo-physical and electrical characterization as well as by theoretical modelling at each step of the project.
46816	8150	NANO-MESO-SOLAR	Inverse Templation of Semiconductor CdSe, CdTe and ZnO Nanorods using Mesoporous Thin Films: Towards High Power Efficiency Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Solar Cells					2005-01-04	2006-07-03		FP6	€ 1.00-	€ 131,457.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-MOBILITY	MOBILITY-2.2	Recent developments in conducting conjugated organic polymers and semiconductor nano-rods (CdSe, CdTe, ZnO, TiO2) have led to the development of hybrid organic/inorganic solar cells. These cells offer the possibility of spin on deposition and low cost fabrication not possible with current silicon based cells. However, the power conversion efficiencies for the hybrid cells are reduced compared to conventional systems. Increased efficiency can only be achieved by controlling the alignment and aspect ratios of the nano-rods in the organic polymer matrix. In this project, I propose to use the ordered hexagonal pore structure of mesoporous thin films (honeycomb silica structure with aligned pores 2-10 nm in diameter deposited on a substrate) to template semiconductor nano-rod growth. Replacing the silica pore walls with a conductive polymer matrix by selective etch and deposition will leave a hybrid organic inorganic composite with unidirectional aligned nano-rods. Additionally, pore engineering of the mesoporous film s will allow aspect ration control over the included nano-rods. Varying the radius of the rods can introduce a quantum confinement effect to control the band gap allowing maximum adsorption of light if the energy difference of the band gap can be tuned to im portant light adsorbing wavelengths. Dimensional control over the nano-rods in the matrix will both reduce charge recombination and increase charge mobility leading to significant increases in power conversion efficiency.
47273	503105	BITHINK	Bifacial Thin Industrial multi-Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells					2004-09-06	2007-10-05		FP6	€ 4,230,608.00	€ 1,999,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.1.1	The aim of the Project is to reduce significantly the cost of PV energy through the development of albedo bifacial modules. These modules will incorporate low cost and high efficiency bifacial silicon solar cells. Bifacial solar cells will be done by a new industrial technology of thin silicon solar cells manufactured by an integral screen-printing technique and using a BSF structure. Previous work, made in part under the sponsorship of the European Commission (Venetian PV project from Joule III), has shown the viability of 14\14% efficiencies in screen-printed bifacial solar cells made on CZ silicon material. This new proposal is oriented to obtain a low cost (under 1.6¿/Wp) crystalline technology over a multi-Megawatt facility to be implemented at the end of the project.
47275	503172	SOLAR PLOTS	MULTIPLE OWNERSHIP GRID CONNECTED PV SOLAR-PLOTS WITH OPTIMISED TRACKING AND LOW CONCENTRATION REFLECTORS					2004-07-09	2006-07-08		FP6	€ 4,824,274.00	€ 1,800,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.1.1	The present project is centred on the development of a new concept for solar photovoltaic installations connected to the grid, capable of obtaining the maximum possible amount of electrical energy from a conventional PV module, optimising the relation between energy production and the investment necessary by means of dual axis tracker, concentrator mirrors and optimiser systems to make it economically profitable for individual and private investors. Combining sun tracking and reflectors, the total energy (kWh) obtained will be increase in a 116% in comparison with a static PV installation. In order to compare this project with the traditional unit is necessary to introduce the new concept of Wp equivalent (Wp eq ). The ‘Wp equivalent’ is the installed Wp in a static installation that produces the same energy (kWh grid input) as one installed Wp in the SOLAR-PLOT system (with reflectors and tracking). Here, the rate is: 1 Wp in SOLAR-PLOT = 2.16 Wpeq.
47327	507997	RO-SOLAR-RANKINE	Development of an Autonomous Low-Temperature Solar Rankine Cycle System for Reverse Osmosis Desalination (RO-SOLAR-RANKINE)					2004-07-01	2006-06-30		FP6	€ 1,516,103.00	€ 1,137,805.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SME	SME-1	The research regards the development, application testing and performance evaluation of a low temperature solar organic Rankine cycle system for Reverse Osmosis (Ro) desalination. Below a technical description of the system to be developed is given: Thermal energy produced by the solar array evaporates the working fluid (HFC,:,134a) in the evaporator surface. The super-heated vapour is driven to the expanders where the generated mechanical work drives the RO unit pumps (high pressure pump, cooling water pump, feed water pump) and circulating pump. The saturated vapour at the expanders’ outlet is directed to the condenser and condensates. On the condenser surface, seawater is pre-heated and directed to the seawater reservoir. Seawater pre-heating is applied to increase the fresh water recovery ratio. The seawater tank is insulated. The use of seawater for condensation purpose on the condenser surface decreases the temperature of ‘Low Temperature Reservoir’ of Rankine cycle thus a better cycle efficiency is achieved. The saturated liquid at the condenser outlet is pressurised in a special pressurisation arrangement consists of two vessels and three valves, substituting a pump. The sub-cooled liquid at the pressurisation arrangement outlet is driven to the economiser. The economiser acts as working fluid pre-heater. In the economiser outlet saturated liquid is formed, which is directed to evaporator inlet and the cycle is repeated. For the prototype system 240 m2 of vacuum tube solar collectors will be deployed. The evaporator and condenser capacity is estimated about 100 kW. For these systems’ characteristics and considering a water recovery ratio of seawater RO desalination unit of 30%, the average yearly fresh water production is estimated at 1450 m3 (or 4 m3 daily). Specific innovations of the system are: Low temperature thermal sources can be exploited efficiently for fresh water production; solar energy is used indirectly and does not heat seawater; the RO…
47428	508108	UPSSIM	Upgrading Semiconductor Silicon Wafers to Manufacture cheap solar cells (UPSSIM)					2004-11-01	2006-10-31		FP6	€ 1,742,000.00	€ 922,900.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SME	SME-1	The European microelectronic industry produces scrap wafers. From such scrap materials, it is possible to reprocess the silicon materials to make it suitable for current solar cell manufacturing processes. Yet, this reprocessing facility has to face 2 main issues: Scrap wafer reprocessing implies that all the reprocessed wafers are tested throughout the reprocessing steps, in order to make sure that any failing wafer with respect to solar energy recovery is discarded as early as possible from the reprocessing cycle: it is therefore of paramount importance to have a cheap and reliable test machine capable of wafer testing at rates typical of the European production rate (say at least one million of scrap wafers per year). Scrap wafer reprocessing is based on two competing techniques : layer stripping processes to get rid of any spurious material which was implemented during the early wafer manufacturing process, mechanical stripping techniques (grinding, lapping, sanding) which can be complementary candidates to clean off the silicon wafers before processing Under the administrative and scientific coordination of IMEC, a consortium of five European SMEs – VEGATEC, EICHHORN HAUSMANN,ENGCOTEC, TFM Solar Photovoltaic and SEI-SISTEMI INTEGRATI – propose to contract a SME which has performed preliminary work on reprocessing CROSS TECHNOLOGIES, together with the Slovak Technical University, in order to optimize a prototype reprocessing process. The main challenges are to verify that: oth p-doped and n-doped waste wafers can be reprocessed to manufacture solar cells with solar energy recovery figures ranging from 10 to 15 % both 100 and 111 crystals can be reprocessed as well solar panel performances can meet some market demands for solar energy in Europe. A successful completion of this research project will impact solar cell manufacturing out of reclaimed silicon wafers processes and, therefore, the European solar panel manufacturing industry.
47493	503123	PV-MIPS	Photovoltaic module with integrated power conversion and interconnection system					2004-11-01	2009-10-31		FP6	€ 10,402,323.00	€ 4,399,813.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.1.1	Photovoltaic (PV) modules with integrated inverters have been the topic of intense research so far because of their many advantages. In spite of this breakthrough of this technology has not been achieved so far. The reasons for this are: – No fully integrated approach with module and inverter manufacturers so far. – No high volume production of power electronics. – No application of highly integrated electronics. – Available power electronic components were not suitable for the high requirements. The main aim of this project is a significant cost reduction of the electricity generated by grid connected PV systems. The work will mainly focus on the development and demonstration of PV modules with integrated inverters. To make an optimum use of the resources combined in this project other issues of grid connected PV systems will be addressed, too.
47508	513046	REFLECTS	Novel bifacial single-substrate solar cell utilising reflected solar radiation					2004-11-01	2006-10-31		FP6	€ 1,509,049.00	€ 908,491.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SME	SME	The use of renewable energies, and in particular PV, is one of the most attractive solutions to overcome the problems caused by conventional energy sources. Whilst much achievements have been made over the last couple of decades to reduce the costs of PV cells, their costs are presently still the main obstacle for a world-wide increased utilisation of electric power provided by this clean and renewable technology. Therefore, the need for innovative, competitive manufacturing concepts is compelling. The project proposed here aims to prepare the back end of an c-Si solar cell by applying self-formation for producing single-sided solar cells. In this technology, the \ and – conductors are both at the front end, and two-sided processes simply can copy the process to the back- end, which is far simpler than the manufacturing process of the current two-sided solar cells.
47518	513212	OPTISUN	The development of a new more efficient grid connected PV module					2005-02-01	2007-01-31		FP6	€ 1,189,347.00	€ 616,185.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SME	SME	Industrial Objectives: The principle technological objective of this project is to develop a new more efficient and easy to install grid connected PVmodule with subdivided solar cells, cell integrated micro inverters and backlight module to increase the efficiency of PV modules by 8-10%. This project will target the fast growing market for grid connected PV systems. The competitiveness of the EU PV industry is a major issue in this rapidly increasing market, as the European PV industry is currently lagging behind the US and Japan, which exports PV components to the EU. Also competition will become increasingly intense, as new players from low labor cost countries such as China and Taiwan are now entering the market PV systems. The proposed project will increase the competitiveness of the 6,000 SMEs in the European PV sector by providing them with a technology that will significantly improve the efficiency and cost effectiveness of PV modules.
47571	32319	SOLATERM	Promotion of a new generation of solar thermal systems in the MPC					2006-10-02	2009-01-01		FP6	€ 815,912.00	€ 800,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-2005-1.1.1-2	The Mediterranean Partner Countries (MPC) of the European Union are confronted with a rapidly increasing energy demand in the coming decades resulting from a bundle of demographic, socio-economic and resource related factors. The Mediterranean region has large potential for the use of renewable energies particularly solar energy due to its high level of solar radiation. Only a small variety of solar thermal technologies, first of all solar water heaters, is used in the region. The MPC have begun to actively support the dissemination of simple solar thermal systems in order to develop alternative ways to meet the challenges of energy supply besides conventional energy resources. But still not only the dissemination of solar thermal technologies but also the state of technology vary considerably across the MPC and in relation to EU countries. A closer cooperation between research institutions and energy agencies from the Mediterranean Partner Countries and the EU is needed in order to promote a new generation of solar thermal and cooling systems in the MPC. SOLATERM works with 18 partners from 8 MPC and 8 EU countries covering R&D, policy and promotion aspects of renewable energies in their daily work. SOLATERM aims at the widespread application of a new generation of solar thermal and cooling systems in the MPC. The project approach can be summarised in three specific objectives: – To transfer technological know-how on solar thermal and cooling systems to the MPC and adapt new technologies to the specific needs of MPC – To broaden the spectrum of solar thermal and cooling applications in the MPC through the promotion of cost-effective solutions e.g. combi-systems – To support the R&D and application of solar thermal and cooling systems in the MPC with political measures
48272	2607	LC-ENERGY	Photovoltaic materials from novel self-assembling nanostructured liquid crystals					2004-05-01	2007-04-30		FP6	€ 272,502.00	€ 272,502.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-MOBILITY	MOBILITY-2.2	This proposal aims to improve the current generation of organic photovoltaic materials by controlling the molecular morphology, a key parameter in the development of organic solar cells. Self-organisation is activated by a newly discovered nanophase segregation process between rod- and disc-shaped molecules. Moreover, the overall liquid crystalline properties of the system allow macroscopic alignment, giving rise to an optimised geometry at all length scales. The proposed project covers the entire chain of knowledge: the design and preparation of the nanophase segregating materials, a detailed investigation of the electro-optical properties, and the analysis of the photovoltaic behaviour. This approach is an attractive method for studying functional materials and allows a direct link from fundamental research to technology-based industries. Apart from developing new concepts in light harvesting and sustainable energies, the proposal envisages advances in the field of nanosciences, particularly in the control of self-organisation and nanostructure formation. Basic understanding of the parameters for self-organisation will be generated, which contributes to the process of conceptualisation, required to support future technological breakthroughs in the field of nanosciences. In the proposal, a close collaboration between the scientist from top-level institutes like MIT, Boston and the University of Nijmegen is realised. The institutes provide a state-of-the-art training opportunity for the applicant. Knowledge and experience built-up during the project can easily disseminate into national and European projects concerning photovoltaic technologies.
48419	517237	FLEXISOL	Explorative research on flexible amorphous silicon solar cells					2005-05-01	2009-04-30		FP6	€ 1.00-	€ 9,470,063.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-MOBILITY	MOBILITY-1.3	Solar energy is the ultimate future energy source. It is a clean and sustainable source of energy that can provide a significant share of our energy needs and greenhouse gas emission reductions. At present, solar energy is much more expensive than conventional energy. Thin film solar cells offer the perspective to bring down the cost of a kWh of photo-voltaic electricity to the level needed (0.05 – 0.10 euro/kWh). Technology forecasts claim adominant role in the future market for photo-voltaics for thin film silicon solar cells. Within the Helianthos group (a joint development between Akzo Nobel and Shell Solar), there is a firm knowledge of thin film silicon photovoltaic cells. The ultimate goal is to acquire the know-how for the production of low cost thin film silicon solar cells that are able to produce electricity at a competitive level compared to other energy sources and energy conversion processes. However, the present prototypes are still a factor of five from commercial application. In order to significantly improve the cost-performance ratio a number scientific/technical bottlenecks have been identified that need to be tackled/solved. It is clear that the identified knowledge gaps need to tackled through the combined efforts of MC ToK fellows having specific know-how and Helianthos’s proprietary know-how. The target is to expand the know-how for the production of low cost thin film Si solar cells that are able to produce electricity at a competitive level compared to other energy sources and energy conversion processes. The fellows will be working within the Research and Technology Centre (RTC) of Akzo Nobel N.V., located in Arnhem (a multinational chemical and pharmaceutical company with 68,400 employees in 75 countries).The Marie Curie Host fellowship is meant to attract 2 renowned experts, e.g. (solid state/semiconductor)physicists and (polymeric/organic) chemists.
48630	44731	FUTURE ENERGY	Les énergies du futur: l’environnement, prise de conscience et source d’emplois					2007-03-19	2008-03-18		FP6	€ 130,000.00	€ 130,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SOCIETY	SOCIETY;SOCIETY-WP-2005-4.3.4.1.a	Audiovisual production By a series a 10 films of 6 minutes each, using a simple pedagogy that every spectator can comprehend, we want to reach the awareness of a broad public and inform it about new techniques in future energies (renewable and other developments) as a source of new environmental professions: situations, solutions, people who protect the richness of our planet through their awareness, their efforts, their progress in science and their know-how. TV-broadcasting The first world chain of television in French TV5MONDE is engaged to diffuse these series (10 films of 6 minutes each) 15 times (it means 15 x 10 films = 150 broadcasts) during 3 years on its different networks. La première diffusion de la série se fera endéans les 12 mois de l’action, en période de large audience de la chaîne : soit entre 18h30′ et 23h30′, en semaine; soit entre 8h30′ et 00h00, le week-end (public nombreux et varié sur ces deux jours). TV5 Monde dispose de l’exclusivité sur la première diffusion. Other modes of dissemination will also be developed with other european télévisions and with important european partners reaching the wide public and youth. Topics of the 10 films 1. WIND -Onshore wind energy (Denmark) 2. SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS -Shell Solar modules (Germany) 3. BIOMASS -1 Power generation: co-firing (Poland) -2 Heat production: pellets (Austria) -3 Biocarburant: UE project TIME) 4. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY -Hot dry rock (1 Italy, 2 France) 5. GRID SMART PLATFORM 6. CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER -Parabolic trough / Parabolic dish / Central tower system (Spain: Platoforma Solar de Energia) 7. OCEAN ENERGY SYSTEMS -Wave / tidal (Wales : Wave Dragon) 8. EUROPEAN H2 AND FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM 9. FUSION -ITER 10. CO2 CAPTURE AND STORAGE -UE project CASTOR
49014	44125	REMAP	Action plan for high-priority renewable energy initiatives in Southern and Eastern Mediterranean area					2007-01-01	2008-12-31		FP6	€ 505,502.00	€ 389,985.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-POLICIES	POLICIES-3.2	The objectives of the REMAP project are to work with key stakeholders in order to achieve the following objectives: – Compilation of a solar and wind energy resource atlas for the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean area. – Identifying and prioritising potential demonstration sites for wind and concentrated solar projects in Algeria, Tunisia, Jordan and Turkey. – Recording a set of commitments to be made by major stakeholders to push forward a few wind and concentrated solar thermal energy projects in the region. – Proposing a credible financing scheme for the identified priority renewable demonstration projects in the region. – Elaborating an action plan for a few well- identified initiatives able to be implemented. – Disseminating the results of the project to as wide an audience in Europe and the Mediterranean region as possible. The REMAP project team is uniquely qualified to achieve these objectives representing all major geographic, sectoral and stakeholder areas necessary to achieve these targets. The team is multidisciplinary, covering sociological, local and national policy, scientific, technology development, investment and energy deployment disciplines in the region concerned by this project. Hence, the project represents the partners’ own objectives, and covers various aspects of work they are engaged in or wish to engage in to promote renewable energy development and investment in the Mediterranean region. The partners, who represent each of the stakeholder groups identified by the REMAP consortium belong to a wide range of European and international networks from which they can draw considerable support and experience, on the one hand, and into which they can disseminate the results of the project, and promote its approaches, methodologies and frame works, on the other. Dissemination and promotion of results are essential to help achieve Community and neighbouring state targets, and are two of the key objectives of the project.
49504	39198	SOLARPEMFC	Power generation from solar energy based on PEM fuel cell					2007-06-04	2009-06-03		FP6	€ 1.00-	€ 229,327.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-MOBILITY	MOBILITY-2.3	The process is based on PEM fuel cell with specific catalysts and assisted by solar thermal energy to dissociate 2-propanol/acetone chemicals (a new coupling) at about 90ºC into hydrogen to feed it in the fuel cell to generate power. Dr. Chaurasia has don e preliminary work on it in Japan and so far experimentally obtained power density 0.259mW/cm2. This demonstrated feasibility and validated the concept of solar power generation based on fuel cell system. The purpose of this project is to improve the power density and efficiency for delivering usable power from the new solar thermal PEM fuel cell system. The specific objectives are as follows: 1. To design and test a new solar thermal system based on PEM fuel cell for power generation from solar radiation. 2. Study on PEM fuel cell in conjunction with solar thermal power assisted 2-propanol/acetone/hydrogen chemical reactions with specific catalysts and develop optimum configurations to maximize power density. 3. Study of solar thermal 2-propanol dehydrogenation reactor to serve as generator of hydrogen for fuel cell. 4. Study of different components in fabrication of PEM fuel cells for their performance. 5. Design of prototype of solar thermal fuel cell and its testing for power generation from solar thermal energy. Dr. Chaurasia will use advanced chemical engineering techniques under the supervision of Prof. Kendall to develop specific types of catalysts, which increase the performance of the PEM fuel cells and 2-propanol reactor. The required specific catalysts (pure/composite) are to be synthesized for optimum catalytic configurations to maximize power density that will enable design of a practical solar thermal fuel cell to harvest chemical energy in addition to heat output. Dr. Chaurasia has a strong background on solar thermal engineering (34 years research experience) and will be able to bring together solar thermal and fuel cell technologies.
49844	31569	DISTRES	Promotion and consolidation of all RTD activities for renewable distributed generation technologies in the Mediterranean region					2007-01-01	2009-12-31		FP6	€ 1,075,484.00	€ 999,832.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-INCO	INCO-2004-B1.5;INCO	The overall goal of the DISTRES co-ordination action project is to exchange and disseminate good practice developed in the field of renewable energy sources distributed generation (RES-DG) technologies by isolated research activities and perform studies an d/or analyses for the Mediterranean needs. DISTRES is a three year co-ordination action project. Since solar potential is an abundant commodity in the Mediterranean region the area of interest of DISTRES will be primarily on the electricity produced from solar energy (photovoltaic and/or solar thermal concentrating systems) from DG systems. DISTRES specific scientific and technological objectives may be summarised as (a) to co-ordinate RTD projects in RES-DG technologies, (b) to promote the electricity gene ration from solar energy, photovoltaic (PV) systems and solar thermal systems, paving the way for pilot systems and products, (c) to produce capacity building methodologies and (d) to disseminate the results as widely as possible in the Mediterranean count ries and in the EU. DISTRES work program is organised into five integrated work-packages (WP). Three of these WPs contain review work and workshops organisation, whilst the fourth WP covers capacity building and dissemination including a conference organisation. The last WP concerns the project management and the coordination of DISTRES activities. The consortium set-up has participants from 11 countries, 6 from within Europe, plus Mediterranean partners from Algeria, Morocco, Egypt, Lebanon and Palestine. DISTRES provides the opportunity for the EU to establish clear leadership in the area of RES-DG research efforts on solar thermal and PV systems.
49895	36986	MEDESOL	Seawater desalination by innovative solar-powered membrane-distillation system					2006-10-01	2010-05-31		FP6	€ 1,794,424.00	€ 1,170,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-2005-3.II.3.4	Despite the advantages of solar membrane distillation (MD) systems very few experimental systems have been developed as opposed to the mature technologies solar PV-driven RO and solar distillation. Therefore, main objective of MEDESOL Project is the development of an environmentally friendly improved-cost desalination technology to fresh water supply in arid and semi-arid regions in EU and Third Countries based on solar MD. The layout involves the innovative concept of multistage MD in order to minimize specific energy and membrane area required and also to substantially reduce the brine generation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the technical feasibility of producing potable water from seawater by integrating several membrane distillation module s (Multi-step Membrane Distillation System). The aim is to develop systems for a capacity ranging from 0.5 to 50m3/day. Technical simplicity, long maintenance-free operation periods and high-quality potable water output are the very important aims which will enable successful application of the systems that are based in membrane distillation. The heat source will proceed from an advanced compound parabolic solar concentrator, developed to the specific concentration ratio to achieve the specific needed range of temperatures (90ºC) and the seawater heater will include the development of an advanced non-fouling surface coatings to avoid the deposit formation (i.e. scaling) at such temperature. Laboratory tests under defined testing conditions of all components are very important for the preparation of successful field tests under real conditions.
49962	21612	NEW POLYMERS	From linear via brush to hyperbranched polymers					2005-10-01	2006-09-30		FP6	€ 1.00-	€ 40,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-MOBILITY	MOBILITY-4.1	In this project the new hyper-branched polymers, polymer brushes will be prepared. Polymer brushes which have the same number of side chains as degree of polymerisation of the main chain are architecturally interesting for both experimental and theoretical chemists because of the possibility to form extended chain conformations, based on the intra-molecular excluded-volume interactions between side chains densely grafted to the backbone. Possible practical usage of highly branched brush polymers with chromophore containing side chains is in the solar collectors. The side chains collect the solar energy with efficiency and concentrate it to the chromophore on the polymer backbone-end chain group &#x2013; antenna effect. Another potential application is the realization of soft nanomachines. Linear flexible chains with densely grafted long side chains exhibit the shape of cylindrical brushes provided that the main chain is much longer than the side chains. With increasing repulsion of the side chains the main chain is stretched until the entropic restoring force of the main chain balances the repulsive forces originating form the interactions between the side chains. Equilibrium between both forces can be moved by external impulse. In case of our prepared labelled polymers this external impulse can be absorption and emission of light of presented chromophores. Techniques switch on/off can produce a mechanical action of soft nanomachines. The macromolecules will be prepared by ATRP. This type of polymerisation allows using functionalised monomers and introduction of reactive end-groups in polymer segments. It provides also narrow molar mass distribution necessary for preparation of polymers with well-defined morphology.
50022	21818	MOSPA	Multi-electroactive organic semiconductors for photovoltaic applications					2006-09-20	2008-09-19		FP6	€ 1.00-	€ 166,530.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-MOBILITY	MOBILITY-2.3	The main drawback of organic solar cells is their effectiveness in converting sunlight into electricity: they run at approximately 20% of the efficiency of silicon devices. The development of plastic PV cells is still in its infancy and a range of strategies needs to be investigated in order to raise the efficiencies of these devices. We intend to prepare multigram amounts of active, organic materials, which will be assessed and assembled into PV cells. Our synthetic targets represent a range of new oligomers (short chain polymers with a precise chain length), based on oligothiophene and polythiophene systems and metallopolymers. These compounds need to be soluble, stable materials that can generate light-induced electron-hole pairs within the same molecule or in blends with suitable acceptor molecules.
50723	36997	MEDINA	Membrane-based Desalination: an Integrated Approach					2006-10-15	2010-01-14		FP6	€ 5,500,402.00	€ 3,295,848.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-2005-3.II.3.4	RO is today the dominant technology in water desalination. However, some critical issues remain open: improvement of water quality, enhancement of the recovery factor, reduction of the unit water cost, minimizing the brine disposal impact. With the aim to solve these problems, an innovative approach based on the integration of different membrane operations in pre-treatment and post-treatment stages is proposed. Expected outcomes and contributions of the research are: i) the development of advanced analytical methods for feed water characterization, appropriate fouling indicators and prediction tools, procedures and protocols at full-scale desalination facilities; ii) identification of optimal seawater pre-treatment strategies by designing advanced hybrid membrane processes (submerged hollow fibre filtration/reaction, adsorption/ion exchange/ozonation) and comparison with conventional methods; iii) the optimisation of RO membrane module configuration, cleaning strategies, reduction of scaling potential by NF; iv) the development of strategies aiming to approach the concept of Zero Liquid Discharge (increasing the water recovery factor up to 95% by using Membrane Distillation – MD; bringing concentrates to solids by Membrane Crystallization or Wind Intensified Enhanced Evaporation) and to reduce the brine disposal environmental impact and cost; v) increase the sustainability of desalination process by reducing energy consumption(evaluation of MD, demonstration of a new energy recovery device for SWRO installations)and u se of renewable energy (wind and solar). The research team embodies science and engineering from both the practitioner and academic perspectives. Potential end-users and participating utilities will be involved in research activities and applications. Link ages with ongoing research activities and demonstration studies at full-scale desalination plants will be conducted to ensure the applicability and transfer of the findings of the proposed research project.
50758	38885	SE-POWERFOIL	Roll-to-roll manufacturing technology for high efficient multi-junction thin film silicon flexible photovoltaic modules					2006-10-01	2009-09-30		FP6	€ 3,658,670.00	€ 2,200,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.2.4	SE-POWERFOIL aims at the development of roll-to-roll manufacturing technology for production of high-efficiency flexible photovoltaic (PV) modules. These modules allow for easy integration and installation leading to low-cost PV systems with kWh costs down to 0.10Euro/kWh or less. This is essential to create mature, subsidy-independent markets for solar electricity, cost competitive with conventional electricity sources. The target is to develop stable 12% efficient, PV modules, with more than 20 years out door lifetime and manufacturing costs below 0.5 Euro/Wp. Flexible PV laminates will allow versatile use in growth markets with billion Euro sized economic potential: 1. Large power markets in which the PV laminates greatly will contribute to European objectives to establish a future sustainable, independent electricity supply system and to strengthen Europe’s industry and export position 2. Mass markets where flexible solar cell laminates provide cost efficient, light weight, portable power, including e.g. personal electronics, ICT, security, leisure, medical, military and affordable power for electrification in rural and remote regions. The workplan focuses on the following key issues: a) use of low-cost base materials and minimal materials consumption for devices; b) improvement of the efficiency; c) strong reduction of the production costs and d) accelerated lifetime testing (acc. IEC 61646) and outdoor monitoring The objectives match the priority targets of PTA 6.1.3.2.6. (CALL 2006.ML). The consortium (8 participants, representing 5 EU Member States) comprises a leading developer/manufacturer of flexible PV foils and modules, a company specialized in chemical vapour deposition technology, an innovation management specialist (two of the three companies are SMEs), two research institutes and three universities each with their specific expertise in thin film silicon photovoltaic research and process technology.
51222	32344	POWERSOL	Mechanical power generation based on solar Thermodynamic Engines					2007-01-01	2009-12-31		FP6	€ 1,456,539.00	€ 1,050,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-INCO	INCO-2004-B1.5	Main project objective is the development of an environmentally friendly improved-cost shaft power generation technology, based on solar thermal energy, optimised for supplying basic need to rural communities. The proposal focuses in the technological development of a solar thermal-driven mechanical power generation based on a solar-heated thermodynamic cycle (POWERSOL system). This technological development consists in optimising a solar-assisted thermodynamic cycle that generates mechanical power from low to medium temperature range. The optimisation is performed by means of experimental testing of the thermodynamic cycle with selected working fluids and three solar collector prototypes. Mechanical energy could be either used to direct electricity generation (using a generator) or to brackish or seawater desalination by coupling the output to a high-pressure pump connected to a conventional reverse osmosis system. Main specific objectives of the project are the following: 1) Modelling a solar-heated thermodynamic cycle (selecting the most suitable boundary conditions and working fluids at three different top temperature ranges). 2) Development and construction of three solar collector prototypes optimised for operating around 80ºC, 150ºC, and 200ºC. They are flat plate (static), compound parabolic concentrators (static) and parabolic trough collectors (sun- tracking), respectively. 3) Experimental testing of solar-driven mechanical power generation and solar collector prototypes. 4) Comparing the cycles at the three temperature ranges for operating autonomous or with backup at different capacity ranges. 5) Full technical evaluation of the proposed POWERSOL technology. 6) Economic assessment of the developed technology against other conventional and solar-driven techniques. 7) Assessment of final potential social impact.
51493	32447	RAMSES	Renewable Energy Agricultural Multipurpose for Farmers					2006-10-01	2010-09-30		FP6	€ 1,943,439.00	€ 1,300,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-INCO	INCO-2004-B1.5;INCO	The RAMseS proposal aims to introduce renewable energy in agriculture (specifically photovoltaic power) in an approach producing a two-fold advantage: solve the problems that are usually associated with renewable energy, that is intermittency and the need for storage and provide concrete support for farms and farmers. The proposal aims at an innovative approach of coupling photovoltaic power to a battery powered, all-purpose vehicle. In this scheme, the batteries serve a dual purpose of storage elements and power sources for the vehicle, so optimising the value and spreading their cost. The vehicle can then be used for a variety of agricultural tasks. The innovative and integrated all-solar power system and multipurpose agricultural vehicle is therefore a complete solar power system able to achieve the project goals of advancing towards sustainability. The proposed integrated prototype of solar power storage and agricultural vehicle will be based on concepts which by now are sufficiently developed to be usable to build a practical and efficient system composed of a photovoltaic system and a light/medium duty vehicle for agricultural work. At the same time, these technologies ensure low cost and suitability to the specific socio-economic local conditions. The solar power photovoltaic system would be used to generate and manage electrical energy. The vehicle is not just a vehicle, but also a multi-purpose energy system for a series of services, which include energy storage, power production on demand, and back-up power system against grid blackouts, which are frequent in Mediterranean countries. As a vehicle it would be used for a variety of purposes such as crops transportation, spraying of pesticides, irrigation, crops collection and it can operate also as an all-purpose, low speed road vehicle. It would be especially suitable for Southern Mediterranean countries where the potential for renewable energy is very high in terms of solar irradiation.
51502	31994	HYRESS	Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Supplying of Services in Rural Settlements of Mediterranean Partner Countries					2006-10-01	2010-09-30		FP6	€ 1,805,595.00	€ 1,249,990.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-INCO	INCO-2004-B1.5;INCO	The strategic objective of the proposed project is to remove the knowledge barriers against the installation of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems and the creation of mini-grids based on renewables. Ultimate objective of the project is to develop, combine, install, test and assess (technically and socially) the performance of low-cost pilot hybrid Renewable Energy (RE) systems in remote areas of the Mediterranean, which are not yet grid-connected. The hybrid systems will be consisted of photovoltaics, small wind generators, hydrogen subsystems and they will be installed in selected areas of the MPC countries to set-up and provide energy and associated services thus aid to the increase of the standard of living of these rural communities. The systems will be configured and sized after taking into account the local conditions. Three hybrid systems will be installed in remote rural areas of Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia. The systems should fulfil criteria as modularity, robustness, and simplicity in use and also require very low maintenance. Additional considerations for the technologies selection and implementation regard the possibility of systems standardisation and replication. Furthermore, the local installations will serve as good practice, accelerate local skill development, and promote and encourage international partnerships amongst all relevant stakeholders, such as research, financial, and regulatory institutions, industry and service companies, in particular SMEs, local representatives and social players. By setting-up the afore mentioned three pilot installations in three MPC the proposed research will bring a significant contribution for creating sustainable structures with a decent living quality in the rural environments of the MPC by developing highly innovative hybrid RE installations based on the availability of local renewable energy sources and the local social conditions and needs.
51523	32559	MEDISCO	MEDIterranean food and agro industry applications of Solar COoling technologies					2006-10-01	2010-03-31		FP6	€ 2,563,119.00	€ 1,400,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-INCO	INCO-2004-B1.5;INCO-2002-B1.5	MEDISCO aims to develop, test and optimise solar thermally driven cooling concepts for the food and agro industry in the Mediterranean region, which under local conditions can become economically and socially sustainable. The objective is to asses which systems would better suite the actual and future demand of the food and conservation industry sectors in the south edge of the basin and estimate in technical and economical terms the most appropriate approach for the application of solar thermally driven systems. The partners will carry out a survey of the energy requirement of the industrial sector analysed in Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia. Furthermore, the project will be devoted to the development of novel high performing solar driven cooling and refrigeration concept, aiming at the best compromise towards innovative technologies use, primary energy savings and economic issues. The concepts developed will be implemented through the collaborative work of the research institutions and the technology providers involved, resulting in theoretical and simulation activities. Therefore the optimised system will be constructed and installed in two experimental set ups (one in Tunisia), allowing on site monitoring activities of the system performance. The experiences gained through the experimental activities, will be used to create guidelines for best practice applications. The project results will increase the knowledge and strengthen the awareness among the major stakeholders on the penetration potential of solar technologies in the food industry in the region. They will contribute to future Community RTD activities related to these systems. Transfer of experiences within the project, at a regional level, will be amplified thanks to the Mediterranean Renewable Energy Centre (MEDREC), based in Tunis within the Mediterranean Renewable Energy Programme (MEDREP). Further dissemination towards the international scientific community will be carried out (IES-SHC Tasks)
51552	26350	AQUA SOLIS	Innovative Applications of Solar Trough Concentration for Quality Fresh Water Production and Waste Water Treatment by Solar Distillation					2006-07-01	2007-02-28		FP6	€ 45,000.00	€ 45,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-INCO	INCO-2002-B1.3;INCO-2003-B1.3	This Specific Support Action starts from the realisation that trough type solar concentration plants are a mature technology, which deserves to be diffused throughout the European Union and in the partner countries. This concept is shared by the European Commission, which has approved in 2005, among others, the FP6-INCO-MPC project REACt (Self-sufficient Renewable Energy Air-Conditioning system for Mediterranean countries) dedicated to solar trough concentrators for the generation of heat and refrigeration in Mediterranean countries. This project aims to demonstrate that the technology is mature enough to be applied in relatively low technology countries. The present SSA is proposed by one of the group partners of the REACt project, with the approval and the encouragement of the REACt coordinator and the other partners. The idea is to find applications of the REACt system beyond heat and refrigeration. At the present stage, a number of possibilities have been identified; the main ones, which will be considered here are related to clean water production by processes such as solar distillation, atmospheric condensation, and waste processing. The aim of this SSA is to investigate the possible applications of the REACt system in these areas, performing a complete feasibility study. Although the technical feasibility of the proposed applications is not in discussion, before attempting to put such applications into practice, it is essential to quantitatively assess their potential economical and environmental benefits in comparison to existing solutions. The results of the feasibility studies will be disseminate in the scientific and entrepreneurial community within the EU and Mediterranean partner countries and discussed in a conference to be held in one of the partner countries at the end of the project. Every feasibility study will be grounded by climatic and socio-economic data gathered in one of the target country of the SSA project: Lebanon, Jordan and Morocco
51592	26064	DRYLAND RESEARCH SSA	The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Drylands Research Specific Support Action – SSA					2006-02-01	2011-01-31		FP6	€ 674,590.00	€ 674,590.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-INFRASTRUCTURES	INFRASTR-1	The Dryland Research SSA will support visits of European scientists to the Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research (BIDR) to conduct research on drylands-related issues under the Transnational Access Program. Located in the heart of the Negev dryland of Israel, BIDR offers a rare combination of an easily accessible dryland environment with all the logistics required for conducting modern multidisciplinary research. An integral part of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, BIDR is composed of 6 research departments: Man in the Desert, Desert Ecology, Water Research, Solar Energy & Environmental Physics, Dryland Agriculture, and Dryland Biotechnologies. The mission of BIDR is to study and disseminate knowledge of the desert environment, based on basic and applied research, in order to: (1) explore potentials for utilizing national, regional and global drylands; (2) develop means to combat desertification; (3) develop means for sustainable development of populated drylands. The unique merit of BIDR, Multidisciplinary approach to drylands research, is the reason for proposing the entire BIDR as an SSA program. BIDR has 8 regional research stations and farms in the Negev dryland. These offer a wide range of climatic and landscape characteristics (rocky, sandy and loessial watersheds); altitudes 100-900 m above sea level); mean annual rainfall (20-300 mm); dryland types (hyper-arid, arid, semi-arid); biota (African, Asian, Mediterranean); farming type (intensive dryland agricultural farms as well as extensive agriculture and pasturalism); and other land uses (water resource development projects, nature reserves and ecotourism). All institutional facilities and field sites will be available to SSA guests. The infrastructure caters to visiting scientists, postdoctoral fellows and research students. The proposal will allow approximately 58 new SSA users to benefit from BIDR infrastructure for periods averaging 38 user days (total 2200 user days) over 4 years.
51644	31880	TERMISOL	New Low-Emissivity the Long Lasting Paints for Cost-Effective Solar Collectors					2006-10-01	2010-01-31		FP6	€ 1,376,476.00	€ 875,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-INCO	INCO-2004-B1.5;INCO	The project aims to set up an improved sort of selective paints, with high photo-thermal performance in solar energy conversion, for coating solar collectors. They are expected to become widespread by being cost-effective and competitive with commercial technologies and making application processes easier (lower final costs at workshops). Solar thermal devices converting solar radiation into heat are mainly flat plate collectors. Their most important and critical part is the absorber surface which, to maximize their output, must be spectrally selective (absorb as much solar energy as possible and have the lowest thermal looses). These surfaces are expensive and mainly based on the application of heavy metals (black chrome, black cobalt, black nickel) continuously under increasing environmental restrictions and, lately, titanium compounds. Moreover, covering is made in special facilities and panels are distributed to workshops where some lacks appear in their manufacture, such as the difficulty in ulterior assembling of previous covered pieces (welding problems, looses of performance) and sensitivity to manual manipulation. Nowadays, some manufacturers use options based on painting the solar panels, presenting a substantial economical advantage but of restricted use due to drawbacks related to high emissivity-low energy efficiency and low durability in service life. To improve these drawbacks new coatings will provide hybrid-structured surfaces, at defined thickness ranges by control application methods and combining multi-layer systems to adjust the whole system performance. The project considers the development of a technology applicable everywhere, especially suited for their implementation in Mediterranean countries (optimal solar conditions and demanding solar infrastructures in remote places (rural areas, villages…) and general buildings (hospitals, hotels).
51999	500355	NAIMO	NAnoscale Integrated processing of self-organizing Multifunctional Organic Materials					2004-04-01	2008-03-31		FP6	€ 22,698,547.00	€ 14,900,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-NMP	NMP-2002-3.4.1.1-2;NMP-2002-3.4.2.3-1	Short description : NAIMO will develop new multifunctional materials that are processed by solution-based additive manufacturing (e.g. direct printing), under quasi-ambient conditions, so that a set of materials can be added onto a wide range of structural substrates, to form a composite material with designed multifunctionality in an environmentally-friendly way. A key outcome of NAIMO will be the set of materials, process and manufacturing capabilities to transform a plastic film substrate into a multifunctional composite (with designed electronic, optical, sensing and magnetic capabilities) by a series of additive manufacturing steps. This solution-based manufacturing approach will enable control of structure on a nanometre scale. NAIMO will build on the important advances made by the Partners in the use of molecular materials (including conjugated polymers) for low-cost large-area electronic and optical applications. Major impacts : 1) NAIMO will create the scientific and technological foundations and the societal environment needed to create a new industry of thin-film multifunctional materials. 2) The NAIMO research program is anticipated to lead to major fundamental advances in materials design, synthesis, process techniques and manufacturing tools. 3) Besides improving the competitiveness of European industry, NAIMO will also contribute to the development of new products, such as organic electronic integrated circuits and displays, sensors, flexible solar cells, and magnetic structures that will directly benefits to the health, welfare, security and environment of the European citizens.
52137	19830	SOLHYCO	Solar-Hybrid Power and Cogeneration Plants					2006-01-01	2010-06-30		FP6	€ 3,385,208.00	€ 1,787,988.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.2.6	Dispatchable renewable power generation is usually associated with expensive storages or additional back-up systems. Solar-hybrid systems combine solar energy and fossil fuel and thus provide power reliable and, if bio-fuels are used, also 100% sustainable at zero net emissions. Systems based on gas turbines are suited for cogeneration or Combined Cycles, making them very efficient and cost effective. Main objective of SOLHYCO is to develop a highly efficient solar-hybrid microturbine (SHM) system for power and heat generation with dual solar power and fuel input. The project includes: 1. development of a prototype SHM unit based on a commercial microturbine: new combustion system for dual operation on solar power and fuel, new control system, adapted emerge ncy modes, mechanical interfaces with solar receiver 2. development of a tube receiver with innovative ‘profiled multi-layer (PML) tube’ for outlet temperatures above 800°C at reduced receiver cost: technology development for PML tubes, evaluation of therm ohydraulic properties, receiver layout and manufacturing 3. development of a new combustion system for bio-fuel for 100% renewable operation: component design and adaptation to more corrosive bio-fuel, integration into test system 4. test and evaluation of the bio-fuel combustion system and the SHM prototype unit with new PML tube receiver at a solar tower test facility in Spain 5. conceptual layout of solar-hybrid systems: extension of layout tools to cogeneration options; evaluation of SHM cogeneration co nfigurations (heat, cooling); definition of a SHM demonstration system 6. market assessment for solar-hybrid cogeneration systems: determination of initial niche applications The consortium consists of 9 partners and includes industrial members that will b e future suppliers of components and systems. At the project end industry will be ready for a first cogeneration demonstration plant.
52195	17893	MEDI-VOICE	A Low Cost, Environmentally, Friendly Smart Packaging Technology to Differentiate European SME Suppliers to Service the Needs of the Blind, Illiterate and Europe’s Aging Population.					2005-09-01	2008-02-29		FP6	€ 1,325,479.00	€ 686,562.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SME	SME-1	Printed instructions are meaningless to around 20% of the European Population. This figure, combined with the 8million registered blind and partially sighted as well as the ever increasing aging population are contributing to the 194,500 deaths a year in the EU due to miss-dose and non-compliance of prescribed medication. Non-compliance is estimated to cost the European Union 125bn euros annually, of which 2.25bn euros is annually paid by Europe’s struggling SME pharmacist community. Our idea is to take current state-of-the-art compliance monitoring, enhance it and combine it with our speech technology incorporating them into Pharmaceutical blister packaging through novel manufacturing techniques such as In-mould labelling, over moulding and encapsulation. These technologies will overcome the problems associated with non-compliance and miss-dose, specifically through the incorporation of Spoken instructions. Further more, the primary objective of the project is to develop an eco-friendly power generation system that will harness ‘free’ solar energy through the incorporation of thin film, flexible, photovoltaic laminates, with specific innovation being in the homogenisation of the photovoltaic and the polymer packaging through in-mould labelling techniques. The speech system and compliance electronics will be developed onto a flexible PCB which will be over-moulded enabling incorporation into the packaging ensuring that the instructions are never lost from the medication. The spoken instructions will be heard through a piezo-electric sounder that will be encapsulated into the polymer packaging during the injection moulding process. Dosage assurance will be achieved through the printing of conductive ink electrodes onto the blister sealing film that will input to the compliance circuitry. The technical risks are high, but justified by the huge economic, social and environmental benefits, and are addressed through a methodical and structured program of work.
52721	516510	SOLAR-H	Linking molecular genetics and bio-mimetic chemistry – a multidisciplinary approach to achieve renewable hydrogen production					2005-01-01	2007-12-31		FP6	€ 2,316,000.00	€ 1,800,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-POLICIES	NEST-2003-1	SOLAR-H brings together world-leading laboratories to carry out integrated, basic research on the common goal of hydrogen production from renewable resources. Our multidisciplinary expertise spans from molecular biology, via bio-physics to organometallic and physical chemistry. The vision is to develop novel, today non-existing routes for H2 produc-tion from solar energy and water. In a unique effort the project integrates, for the first time, two frontline topics: artificial photosynthesis in man-made systems, and photo-biological H2 production in living organisms. Hydrogen production by these methods is still distant, but has a vast potential and is of utmost importance for the European economy. The scientific risk is high – the research is very dema nding. Thus, our objective now is to explore, integrate and carry out the basic science necessary to develop these novel routes. Along one track, the knowledge gained from biophysical studies will be exploited by organometallic synthetic chemists for syn thesis of bio-mimetic compounds. The design of these is based on molecular knowledge about natural photosynthesis (natural solar energy conversion), and hydrogenases (enzymes that form H2). Along a second track, we perform research on the genetic level t o increase our understanding of critical steps in photosynthetic alga and cyanobacteria. Detailed knowledge about the enzymes involved, is crucial for the synthetic chemists. These studies are also directly aimed at improvement of the H2 producing capabi lity of the organisms, using genetic and metabolic engineering. Our project intends to link the fragmented European research, and provide the critical mass of expertise that is necessary to challenge the USA in this competitive area with its large future implications.
52728	16956	INDOT	MOCVD technology for production of indium nitride based nanophotonic devices					2005-11-01	2008-10-31		FP6	€ 2,084,731.00	€ 1,079,915.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-NMP	NMP-2004-IST-NMP-3	The main objective of this project is to develop an MOCVD technology (Equipment, Precursors, Gas purification and Growth processes) for the industrial production of Indium Nitride (InN) quantum dot based devices. The know-how produced will also be applicable to the production of InN and In-rich InGaN alloy based devices. On a purely scientific basis, this project will address the epitaxy of a new, challenging and extremely promising semiconductor material, InN, and its nanostructures. This material has a huge potential for applications in infrared emission and detection, for telecommunication applications, high efficiency solar cells and electro-optic modulators. Another aspect of the proposed project is linked to environmental issues. Nitride semiconductor growth is a much more environmental friendly technology compared to the state of the art since it involves non-toxic precursors. The consortium consists of three industrial partners (AIXTRON, EPICHEM, SAES Getters) and one international level academic laboratory (GES). They will join their complementary expertise to develop the advanced MOCVD technology for InN based nanophotonic devices. The workplan has 9 technological and scientific workpackages and 1 related to management issues. The work will be realized through a strong interaction between all partners. GES will qualify the new precursors, MOCVD and purifier technology and will use those for the process design. Based on the process results the equipment and precursors will continuously be optimised. At the end of the project, an InN nanostructure based LED will be realized as demonstrator, to qualify the whole production technology developed in the frame of the project. The project addresses the key activity NMP-2004-IST-NMP-3 of the second joint IST NMP call FP6-2004-IST-NMP-2.
52837	15434	REACT	Self-sufficient Renewable Energy Air-Conditioning system for Mediterranean countries					2006-01-01	2010-12-31		FP6	€ 2,399,860.00	€ 1,700,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-INCO	INCO;INCO-2003-B1.5	The REACt proposal aims at the introduction in target Mediterranean Partners countries of an advanced and innovative hybrid Solar hot water and Air Conditioning System. Taking into account the climatic, geographical and economic situation of each country, we propose to operate on two systems based on linear parabolic trough collectors. Both systems will be calibrated for two different applications and will act as ‘test bed’ for innovative technologies such as: Direct Steam Generation, never before utilized on systems of this size and purpose; new Diathermic Fluids, optimized for high thermal capacity; high performance double-effect ammonia chillers. Specifically, we propose to operate in view of the placement of the systems in two test areas: a public Hospital in Casablanca (Morocco) and a Tourist resort in Aqaba city, in Jordan. A further site that will be examined is a public Hospital in the city of Baabda, Lebanon, where many of the activities (country analysis, assessments, dissemination) will be performed even if no system will be installed in such site in the framework of this project. The action envisaged here is the introduction of a RES based co-generation system able to produce heat and air conditioning using solar power. The system works by means of an ammonia based ‘chiller’ which uses heat as input and produces refrigeration and heat as output. The input heat will come from thermal solar linear parabolic collectors. The main socio-economical objective is to generate nodes of good practice, accelerate local skill development, and promote and encourage relevant stakeholders, on all aspects of an innovative certified technology that is efficient, robust, and suitable for standardised production and replication. The proposed system is a pilot system that will meet different needs and climate conditions under the national strategies and socio-economic conditions of the Mediterranean Partner Countries.
52991	516081	USE HAAS	Study on High Altitude Aircrafts and Airships (HAAS), deployed for specific aeronautical and space applications					2005-03-01	2006-08-31		FP6	€ 435,882.00	€ 435,882.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-AEROSPACE	AERO-2;AERO-2003-1.3.1.1d	The proposed ‘USE HAAS’ study objectives aim to examine prospective aeronautical research agenda in HAAS that European deployment of High Altitude Aircraft (HAIRCRAFT) or High Altitude Airship (HAIRSHIP) implies.Especially the main objectives of the pro ject are to develop a EU advanced aeronautical research strategy in the HAAS sector and develop alternative solar-regenerative fuel cells propulsion for aircrafts. A single HAIRCRAFT, like the US ‘Helios’ aircraft, or HAIRSHIP, like the UK ‘StratSat’airsh ip, based on aviable design and existing technology would have in certain applications excess of higher capacity than satellite and could be capable of dynamic sharing with terrestrial or satellite users.Recently completed experiments with the ‘Helios’ H AIRCRAFT deployed at 20 km altitude show significant advantage in Communications/Mobile Wireless Service. A single HAIRSHIP equipped with relevant sensors could provide Emergency Communications and Disaster Services, National Securityand Intelligence Servi ce, and to Risk Management. The proposed ‘USE HAAS’ study would contribute and provide the European Community with an option to launch significant AeroSpace program of High Altitude Aircrafts and Airships for multiple or specific uses. The proposed study will last 18 months.The structure of the workplan will be based on 5 parts: Part 1: Analysis of the world state of the art including European work done in HAAS aeronautical uses. Part 2: Developing tentative Research Objectives for European Deployment of HAAS with regard to variety of user services, users services, and prepare Potential Aeronautical ResearchProgramme to support developed Objectives. Part 3: Discussion of developed Objectives and Potential Aeronautical Research Program with EU Community t o examine perceived benefits. Part 4:To disseminate recommendations on the Objectives and the Research Agenda. Part 5:To issue the Final Report including conclusions and recommendations.
53076	17586	SOLARPLAS	Development of Plasma-Chemical Equipment for Cost-Effective Manufacturing in Photovoltaics					2005-11-01	2008-02-29		FP6	€ 1,472,314.00	€ 838,560.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SME	SME-1	The project is aimed to the development of cost saving manufacturing technologies and, innovative equipment to achieve a step-change in production of solar power photovoltaic cells. Solar power production are suffering from a cost structure which on mid-term would retard the penetration into a decreasingly deregulated market for power production. Strategic objective for the EC is to bridge the gap between renewable and conventional energy production costs and, as a result, to significantly increase market share of renewable energy use. Strategic goal for the project is to develop platform for a new generation of production technologies for crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells based on a thoroughgoing in-line manufacturing concept. Target is to reduce specific production cost for photovoltaic cells by introducing into the production chain highly innovative surface technologies which fulfils both criteria of in-line compatibility and reduced costs. Medium sized SMEs are currently dominating the PV market in Europe. By integration of innovative technologies being developed by highly experienced RTD performers into the portfolio of SMEs their competitiveness will be significantly improved. An additional objective of the consortium is to develop a multi-purpose technology with applications that includes surface functionalisation on web in a high throughput roll-to-roll process. This project will significantly widen-out technological basis of the involved SMEs.
53104	15286	CRESMED	Cost efficient and reliable rural electrification schemes for South Mediterranean countriesbased on multi user Solar Hybrid grids					2006-01-01	2009-06-30		FP6	€ 1,800,000.00	€ 900,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-INCO	INCO-2003-B1.5	Based on the successful implementation of multi-user solar hybrid grids (MSG) in Europe, this project deals with the design of rural village electrification technology and schemes for rural communities, schools, or dispensaries in Mediterranean partner cou ntries. For this purpose, this project further develops and adapts an integrated approach, covering all aspects required (social, economical, financial and technical) for long term sustainable energy service achieved with hybrid systems. This approach is e laborated in a common effort between partners in the EU and Mediterranean partner countries). There is an initial preparation phase addressing research on technological, socio-economic and institutional issues in each target country covered by this project (Morocco, Algeria, Jordan, Lebanon), which are all crucial for successful implementation. The systems to be developed are adapted to the context in Mediterranean partner countries, such as high robustness, and additional communications for remote monitori ng. They are based on a locally appropriate energy mix based on PV plus wind or micro-hydraulic, and fuel, feeding local micro grids. Intelligent energy distribution devices assure reliable energy service for each user so that a high level of energy effici ency and demand side management is achieved during the operation of the systems. The project previews dissemination of results using a rural electrification manual, local dissemination actions in each target country, one training seminar and one internatio nal conference targeting at specialists from all Mediterranean partner countries.
53216	17928	DESOL	Low cost low energy technology to desalinate water into potable water					2005-12-01	2008-08-31		FP6	€ 1,018,484.00	€ 527,655.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SME	SME-1	In South of EU tourism is a main business on which up to 90% of employment depends on. Tourism requires ca. 300 Litres/pers./day of drinking water. The areas where most of the hotel resorts and secondary facilities are located scare on potable water. The available source of water is sea and groundwater which has to be desalinated too. Hotels and restaurants are mainly local SME business. Due to the high demand of potable water there is a threat to this increasing industry. SoA technology to desalinate water is Reverse Osmosis, which is expensive in invest and operation and due to the high electrical energy consumption not environmental friendly. The proposing SMEs have come together to develop DeSol as innovative, environmental friendly and efficient process that desalinates water using thermal energy at a low level which will be provided by solar collectors. The low temperature level of evaporation could be achieved through processing at vacuum pressure. Vacuum is generated through the water column in the effluent formed by the gravity of the condensed water. DeSol will be a highly competitive product with significant technological features: Evaporation at temperature of 60deg.C in a vacuum atmosphere generated by the gravity of effluent water column; Raw water charged by a maintenance free pump combining a piston pump with a directly coupled Stirling motor; Modular design for flexible adaptation to low or high capacities required by customers; Control and adjustment by hydro-thermo-mechanical systems to achieve energy efficiency of up to 92%. The system will be cost-efficient, save investment and energy, easy to be operated and designed for low maintenance efforts at a long life time. Innovation barriers have to be overcome to realise the self-adjusting the water column generating the vacuum; Pump driven by direct coupled
53279	513548	PV SEC	Strengthen the European photovoltaic sector and support to establish a PV technology platform					2005-07-01	2009-06-30		FP6	€ 651,873.00	€ 650,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-2003-1.2.9	The main objectives of the PV Secretariat for the Technology Platform are to provide organisational support within this activity. The activity includes the general administrative co-ordination and organisation of meetings to create the proper environment t o ensure the execution of the work within framework of the Technology platform. This involves also the information and communication via a dedicated website and regular newsletters to be distributed to the stakeholders. This ensures an information flow, wh ich keeps all stakeholders informed about the key activities going on in the PV sector. An Information and Communication Centre for PV Technology Platform will be established. The information and communication flow between Steering Committee, Advisory Co uncil Group and Working Groups is essential and has to be organized. For the support of the PVTP and PV TRAC it is important that an efficient information system is in place. The IT support will include the provision of an electronic communication and doc ument handling system via an internet homepage. Training and education activities of the PV Technology Platform will be supported by preparing conferences (mainly for dissemination activities), seminars and workshops (for specific targets). The Strategic Research Agenda will be supported by the Secretariat. In order to ensure wide dissemination, relevant documents such as publications which support the SRA (e.g. R&D Roadmap) will be compiled, updated and publicised. The PV Technology Platform needs t o be informed about the development of PV in non-EU countries including developing countries and China. Therefore the Secretariat will gather information and provide well-defined market concepts for non-EU countries. The same efforts (information collecti on, monitoring, reports, workshop organisation, dissemination) will be conducted for standardisation and regulation issues, including quality assurance.
53359	19757	LARCIS	Large-Area CIS Based Thin-Film Solar Modules for Highly Productive Manufacturing					2005-11-01	2009-10-31		FP6	€ 7,205,501.00	€ 4,193,500.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.2.4	In order for the commercial production of large CIGS modules on the multi-MW scale to be successful, the processes must still be streamlined and optimised taking considering both economical and ecological aspects. This project aims to support the developme nt of this material- and energy-saving thin-film technology so it can gain a foothold in the free PV market. Promising laboratory results will be transferred to large-scale production, where the availability of appropriate production equipment and very hig h material and process yields are of decisive importance. 4 universities, 2 research institutes, and 4 companies will work closely together in order to merge the physical understanding of the processes and the engineering know-how, which are necessary for up-scaling the CIGS technology to a marketable multi-megawatt production volume. We will focus on: (1) very high-quality modules manufactured by coevaporation of CIGS and applying cost-effective methods, ETA up to 14 % on 0.7 m2; (2) the development of Cd-free buffer layers for Cd-free CIGS modules on an area of up to 0.7 m2, ETA up to 12 %; (3) and the development of a mid-term alternative: electrodeposition of low-cost CIS modules with ETA above 10 % (estimated cost about 0.8 E/Wp). We will transfer the Mo back contact sputtering know-how to a specialised European large-area glass coater to provide substrates for both the coevaporation and the electrodeposition approaches. All process developments such as modifications of the back contact, wet- or vacuum-deposited buffer layers, the multi-stage coevaporation of CIGS, or improved Ga incorporation in electrodeposited absorbers will first be tested and evaluated on the laboratory scale. Successful approaches will be up-scaled and transferred to three independ ent commercial CIGS pilot lines located in three different European countries. Novel process and quality control techniques must also be developed and applied to reach these ambitious goals.
53436	13944	NANOPHOTO	Nanocrystalline silicon films for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications					2005-06-01	2008-11-30		FP6	€ 1,937,215.00	€ 1,699,954.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-NMP	NMP-2003-3.4.2.1-2	The primary aim of this research project is to develop computational tools capable of assisting the design of a new nc-Si growth process with a Low Energy variant of a Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (LEPECVD) reactor, addressed at the depositio n of nc-Si films for both photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications.This objective is for many aspects really at the frontier of the today knowledge of multiphase materials, and for this reason requires the involvement of different theoretical and exp erimental tools and expertises. An LEPECVD reactor is actually in full use in one of the partner’s laboratories and has been already demonstrated to be a very powerful tool for high growth rate, high quality epitaxial silicon and silicon-germanium films . The modelling activities include Molecular dynamics (MD) and ab-initio calculations applied to the the simulation of the growth of nc-Si grains in a amorphous silicon (a-Si) matrix, to the evaluation of the best a-Si/ nc-Si ratio and the elastic/plas tic effects consequent to the presence of nanocrystals of silicon in the a-Si matrix and to the presence of a grain boundary phase, which could be responsible of unwanted carrier recombination processes.The computational tools will be also used to evalua te the band offset vs microstructure and strain, in view of the of the fine-tuning of the optoelectronic properties. As the computer modelling could not be granted for a complete forecasting of the role of process parameters on the local nanostructural a spects and associated physical properties, additional theoretical studies on quantum confinement will be carried out. Such theoretical studies will be based on the results of systematic measurements of optoelectronic properties of nc-Si.The development o f the computer modelling will be paralleled from the very beginning by state of the art characterization investigations and by quantum confinement studies.
53607	19883	SOS-PVI	Security of Supply PhotoVoltaic Inverter: combined UPS, power quality and grid support function in a photovoltaic inverter for weak low voltage grids					2005-10-01	2008-12-31		FP6	€ 2,898,970.00	€ 1,500,587.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.2.3	The liberalisation of the electricity market, combined with the international pressure to reduce CO2 emissions, lead to new architectures of the future electricity networks with a large penetration of distributed energy resources, in particular from renewa ble sources. But the integration of distributed energy resources at the time being is performed in such a way that their intermittency impacts strongly on the grids, what leads to increasing concerns in terms of power quality and of security of supply by t he end users. The present project aims at developing an inverter, dedicated to the injection of photovoltaic energy into low voltage grids, with special features so that first, the impact on the grid of the very quick fluctuations of sun irradiation is min imised and even more, the PV system provides grid support on demand and secondly, the end user is protected against poor power quality and outages of the grid. In the project 6 partners join efforts for developing a Security of Supply PV Inverter of which, at the end of the project, 5 prototypes will have proved in field tests to provide both power quality and UPS function to the house grid and to support the external grid on demand. The energy supply will be ensured by storage systems for which the lithium -ion technology and a hybrid of lead-acid battery and supercapacitors will be compared in terms of performance and cost of ownership.Targets for the SoS-PV inverter are to have the same efficiency as conventional PV inverters with an additional cost of les s than 30% excluding storage, to prove low environmental impact and high efficiency with maximum PV energy production. At the end of the project, provisions will be given for the integration of the SoS-PV inverter in a virtual power plant.By providing such services, the SoS-PV inverter is expected to increase acceptability of photovoltaic energy and thus allow its increased penetration in the grids.
53700	509178	LPAMS	Production process for industrial fabrication of low price amorphous-microcrystalline silicon solar cells					2004-10-01	2008-03-31		FP6	€ 1,056,000.00	€ 609,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-INCO	INCO-2002-C.1.3	In the medium to long-term future, PV should play an important role as a renewable energy source for the production of clean electricity in Western Balkan Countries (WBC). Such large-scale implementation of PV requires at least drastic reduction of prices of PV systems to more competitive levels. Production of PV modules and systems in WBCs facilitates low cost PV production with the additional benefit of local development of innovative and clean technologies. This project aims at lower cost price per Wat tpeak (Wp) for film-Si PV produced in a local production plant in WBC by a significant upgrade of the cell and module efficiency, while keeping the production costs per m² almost constant.The increase of cell efficiency will be achieved in several sequenti al steps. 1)improvement of TCO layers (better stability in hydrogen plasma, better transparency) 2)introduction of doped micro-crystalline Si layers as window layers (less optical losses) 3)introduction of intrinsic micro-crystalline Si layers as active la yers (no light induced degradation,improved light absorption) 4)integration of previous steps leading to the introduction of a-Si/mc-Si tandem cell concept (enlarge effective absorption spectrum). Steps 1) and 2) will be performed using existing industrial production tools of Participant 4. Scientific support and analysis of the deposited layers will be provided by Participants 2, 3, and 5. Step 3) will be performed by applying MW-PECVD on lab scale at Participant 1 with assistance of Participant 7. Analysi s of the layers will take place by Participant 6. In parallel, Participant 7 will make a design for an industrial scale MW-PECVD system, suitable for this application. Step 4 will be a joint action of all participants involved. This procedure should lead to a concept for an opgraded production such that the existing module efficiency (5 %) can be increased to 8 %. This will result in decrese of production costs towards less than 2 Euro/Wp.
53722	509161	RISE	RENEWABLES FOR ISOLATED SYSTEMS – ENERGY SUPPLY AND WASTE WATER TREATMENT					2004-12-01	2007-11-30		FP6	€ 1,845,424.00	€ 1,273,065.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-INCO	INCO-2002-C.1.3	The project has as main objective the investigation of the possibilities offered by Renewable Energy Sources, mainly solar, wind and biomass, as well as biogas as a by-product of wastewater treatment, for energy supply in isolated areas. To achieve its goals the Consortium will investigate the application of low-cost innovative RES technologies and will develop innovative decision support and operational tools for a wide implementation of RES in isolated regions for energy supply and wastewater treatment. These tools will be applied to the design of selected study cases from four Western Balkan countries, namely Serbia & Montenegro, Croatia, FYROM and Bosnia-Herzegovina. The selected study cases comprise remote regions, non-connected to the electrical grid, that have been particularly affected by the war and also physical islands. The results of these applications will be projected to alarge scale implementation of RES on a wider scale of isolated regions in these countries.The long-term objectives of the proposal are to contribute to sustainable development of the region, especially in the making good of the consequences of the war in the environment and health. The Consortium comprises Utilities, Manufacturers and Research Organizations from Western Balkan Countries and Research Organizations from CC and EU Countries with particular know-how in large- scale renewable penetration in isolated regions. The project will also significantly contribute to the increase and re-establishment of the collaboration among industry and research /academic institutions of the WB countries and such have positive effect on the overall future development of the region.
53802	509204	RES INTEGRATION	Rural sustainable development through integration of renewable energy technologies in poor European regions					2004-11-01	2007-10-31		FP6	€ 1,150,000.00	€ 900,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-INCO	INCO-2002-C.1.3	The ultimate goal of the present project is to study the implementation of innovative low cost Renewable Energy and Energy Saving Technologies at selected poor regions of the participating countries. Locally available Energy Resources will be used, with a final goal the regional sustainable socio-economic development. Pathways will be invented for maximising Renewable Energy penetration in the region. Ideally, 100 % renewable energy penetration will be pursued for. Through the project, specific Integrated R enewable Energy Systems (1RES) will be proposed for sustainable development of each Region. By the term 1RES it is meant ‘o« energy system with an optimal energetic autonomy including food production and if any excesses, energy exports. Energy production a nd consumption at the region has to be sustainable and eventually based mainly on renewable energy sources. It includes a combination of different possibilities for non-polluting energy production, such as modern wind and solar electricity production, as w ell as the production of energy from biomass and any other renewable sources ‘. Each partner team (in each of the participating countries) will select a pilot rural region and perform the following tasks: 1. Study the today Energy situation in the region ? Study the sources of energy. ? Consumption by sector. Space and time distribution of the consumption. 2. Study the local Energy Potential. Space and time distribution. 3. Define development scenarios of the region. 4. Develop a prototype model (expert sys tem) for introducing in the regions the 1RES s. 5. Propose specific IRESs and development policy to be applied in the region through the developed model (expert system). 6. Socio-Economie and Environmental considerations. 7. Dissemination activities The re sults of the studies for each region will supply the local governments the plans for region sustainable development. The overall project results will provide #
53806	509187	ADEG	Advanced decentralised energy generation systems in Western Balkans					2004-05-01	2007-04-30		FP6	€ 1,189,802.00	€ 1,189,802.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-INCO	INCO-2002-C.1.3	The overall objective of the work is to formulate promising solutions for decentralised systems in the area of Western Balkans based on the utilisation of renewable energy sources and hybrid systems. Aiming to contribute to sustainable development differen t technological concept including biomass combustion and gasification, wind, solar and hydropower will be examined in parallel with the local capacity and particularities. Alteration of existing technologies in order to achieve increased efficiency and rel iability of stand-alone power supply in selected isolated regions will be investigated. The technical, operational, economic and environmental characteristics of renewable energy systems will be examined and hybrid systems will be formulated for the optimi sed grid performance with the optimum utilisation of local energy sources. Proposals for type of technology and units’ size will be formed. The specific needs of the existing and the future regional energy demand side will be taken into account. For the ad vanced utilisation of renewable sources the alteration of existing technological solution with the production of Hydrogen will be investigated and the opportunities of the introduction of novel technologies such as Fuel cells in decentralised energy grids will be assessed. The work to be carried out will result into the formulation of Specifications for the optimisation of Grid penetration in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in conjunction with the determination of specific low cost power production schemes for decentralised areas in these 3 WE countries.’
53829	19770	SOLHYCARB	Hydrogen from Solar Thermal Energy: High Temperature Solar Chemical Reactor for Co-production of hydrogen and carbon black from natural gas cracking					2006-03-01	2010-02-28		FP6	€ 3,254,600.00	€ 1,997,300.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.2.6	The SOLHYCARB proposal addresses the exploration of an unconventional route for potentially cost effective hydrogen production with concentrated solar energy. The novel process thermally decomposes natural gas (NG) in a high temperature solar chemical reac tor. This process results in two products: a H2-rich gas and a high-value nano-material, Carbon Black (CB). H2 and marketable CB are thus produced with renewable energy. Solar energy is stored as a transportable fuel. The fuel has zero CO2 emission: carbon as opposed to CO2 is sequestered, and fossil fuels are saved. Potential impacts on CO2 emission reduction and energy saving are respectively: 14 kg CO2 avoided and 277 MJ per kg H2 produced, with respect to conventional NG steam reforming and CB processin g. The proposal aims at designing, constructing, and testing innovative solar reactors at different scales (1-10 kW and 50 kW) for operating conditions at 1500-2300 K and 1 bar. First, two prototypes based on different concepts of solar receiver/reactor (d irect and indirect heating concepts) will be developed and studied. A critical analysis of the results from experiments and modelling will determine the best reactor concept suitable for solar methane splitting. Based on the concept retained, a 50 kW power pilot reactor will be developed. The targeted results are: methane conversion over 80%, H2 yield in the off-gas over 75%, and CB properties equivalent to industrial products. This experimental work is highly combined with advanced reactor modelling, study of separation unit operations, industrial uses of the produced gas, and determination of CB properties for applications in batteries and polymers. Decentralized and centralized commercial solar chemical plants (and hybrid plants) will be designed for 50/1 00 kWth and 10/30 MWth. Projected cost of H2 for large-scale solar plants depends on the price of CB: 14 Euros/GJ for the lowest CB grade sold at 0.66 Euros/kg and decreasing to 10 E/GJ for CB at 0.8 E/kg
53865	518351	CREATE ACCEPTANCE	Cultural influences on renewable energy acceptance and tools for the devel-opment of communication strategies to promote acceptance among key actor groups					2006-02-01	2008-01-31		FP6	€ 1,975,720.00	€ 1,345,543.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.2.8	The objectives of this project are to increase the competitiveness RES and RUE technologies by developing a tool that can measure, promote and improve social acceptance of these technologies by means of: i. Assessing the already developed Socr obust tool platform for the suitability in general by mapping its potential to contribute to societal embedding of RES and RUE technologies and identification of the limitations to assess the social acceptance of RES and RUE.; ii. Determine the key elements of social acceptance of RES and RUE technologies by assessing the regionally historical and recent social acceptance of renewable energy technologies such as hydrogen, biomass, CO2 capture and sequestration, solar thermodynamics, and wind; i ii. Enhance the Socrobust tool platform into a multi-stakeholder tool for assessing and promoting social acceptance by integrating knowledge gained in objectives (i.), and (ii.), and by designing the necessary instruments and procedures to creat e a region and target-group specific strategy to address the social acceptance of the deployed technology; iv. Validation and deployment of the multi-stakeholder tool in five selected demonstration projects, covering a wide range of RES and RUE technologies as well as various regions in EUROP. The preliminarily selected demonstration projects are ECTOS in the Nordic countries, a biomass project in East-European region, CCS in West-Europe region and the solar thermodynamics project Archimede in t he Mediterranean region; dissemination of the multi-stakeholder tool to key stakeholders involved in implementation of new RES and RUE technologies. The result of this project will be a publicly available tool that can measure, promote and improve soci al acceptance of new sustainable technologies.
53935	38889	ORGAPVNET	Coordination Action towards stable and low-cost organic solar cell technologies and their application					2006-11-01	2009-07-31		FP6	€ 1,352,631.00	€ 1,199,728.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.2.4	One can observe a strongly increasing R&D-effort in the domain of solar cells based on organic layers. In order to have a real impact on the PV-market, additional progress is needed on the level of efficiency, stability and application technologies to allow also the application of these solar cell technologies for power generation on a larger scale. The OrgaPvNet coordination action consortium wants to foster necessary progress on these issues by integrating a number of leading institutions in this field in association with the main industrial players entering this field. We believe that a Coordination Action is an appropriate vehicle by which the isolated competences that exist around Europe in this field can be integrated, structured and organised. In this way a powerful Organic Photovoltaic Plateform will be created that can sustain the leading R#Amp;amp;D-position of Europe within this domain and in the end strengthen European competitiveness in a sector which is of high strategic relevance in ensuring a sustainable energy supply. Key actions to reach the above-mentioned objectives are: i) to promote interaction between scientists, ii) to take advantage of the previous experience of research groups, iii) to join forces to maximize the synergy between individual skills, thus obtaining the best achievable global results, and iv) to provide an appropriate communication channel between academic groups, SMEs and industrials. OrgaPvNet will contribute to this by: a) the exchange of information during the workshops organized by the network, b) scientific exchange between partners by research visits of scientist and student grants, c) Set-up of a web-based database containing news, resources, project results, reports, links, seminars, training, courses, job opportunities, grants, d) Elaboration of a ‘Who is Who’ Guide in organic photovoltaic field, e) Elaboration of the European Organic Photovoltaic Roadmap: identification of scientific priority areas
53962	20030	HYDROSOL II	Solar Hydrogen via Water Splitting in Advanced Monolithic Reactors for Future Solar Power plants.					2005-11-01	2009-10-31		FP6	€ 4,294,600.00	€ 2,182,700.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.2.6	Building on the results of FP5 project HYDROSOL the present proposal concerns the technical realisation and evaluation of a directly solar heated process for two-step thermo-chemical water splitting using an innovative solar thermochemical reactor as the core of a volumetric receiver. The reactor is based on ceramic honeycombs incorporating active metal oxide redox pair systems. This method provides two major advantages: Hence no transportation/recycling of vast amounts of solid materials is needed and Hydrogen product separation is straightforward. As a central result of HYDROSOL, the feasibility of solar hydrogen production and the capability for multi-cycling of the thermo-chemical process developed was applied and proven. The results of the experimental and conceptual investigation show that a scale- up is possible and worthwhile and that the technology applied is a promising method for mass production of renewable hydrogen. Cost analyses indicate that technical improvements of the HYDROSOL process provide the potential to reduce by the production costs of hydrogen from 18 to 10-12 Eurocent/kWh (LHV) in the medium-term and by ongoing commercialisation to 6 Eurocent/kWh (LHV) in the long-term. In the present Proposal, a pilot reactor for solar thermo-chemical hydrogen production will be designed, constructed, installed and operated. The tasks of the Project include the enhancement of long-term stability of the thermochemical reactor, the development of operation/control strategy for continuous production of hydrogen, the design and development of a 100 kWth pilot reactor, the installation and test operation of the pilot reactor and all necessary peripheral components at a solar platform. Finally a detailed technical and economic evaluation of the entire process and its integration in future solar power plants will be performed.
53964	19948	FLEXCELLENCE	Roll-to-roll technology for the production of high-efficiency low cost thin film silicon photovoltaic modules					2005-10-01	2008-09-30		FP6	€ 4,691,951.00	€ 3,095,319.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.2.4	Photovoltaic (PV) energy will play an important role in the electricity generation of the future. On the medium term it will stimulate the creation of a dynamic new high-tech manufacturing segment. Todays mainstream PV production is based on crystalline Si , whereas amorphous Si deposited on glass in batch processes are entering the mass market with the lowest price per Wp (2.5 Eu/Wp). This project will go a step further and contribute to the extension of the PV market, by developing equipment and new proces ses for the roll-to-roll production of high-efficiency thin film silicon photovoltaic modules. This technology will have decisive advantages for the fabrication of low-cost modules, with unsurpassed capability for building integration. The consortium forme d by equipment manufacturers, module producers, and research institutes will target the following objectives: -Working out of novel concepts, designing new production equipment, and implementing manufacturing systems for roll-to-roll preparation of a-Si/mc -Si modules on plastic and metal foils. This will include systems for monolithic integration of the cells in modules by roll-to-roll laser scribing and screen-printing. -Developing new processes for roll-to-roll pilot-lines and fabricating tandem a-Si/mc-S i solar cells with efficiencies > 11% and modules with efficiencies >10% on flexible substrates, with novel encapsulation processes for product lifetime higher than 20 years. – Blueprint planning of complete roll-to-roll modular production lines with capacities >10 MW/year and with module production costs of 0.5 Eu/Wp, with a benchmarking in terms of life cycle analysis against c-Si silicon and other thin film technologies. The project will not only allow the module manufacturers to implement new e quipment and processes in their production lines, but will also allow the equipment manufacturers to construct and sell equipment for complete production lines producing unbreakable modules at unbeatable costs
54004	22095	FV-TR-SMS	Time Resolved Single Molecule Spectroscopy Studies of Photoinduced Charge Separation and Charge Transfer in Model Photovoltaic Solar Energy Devices					2005-12-01	2008-11-30		FP6	€ 1.00-	€ 271,192.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-MOBILITY	MOBILITY-2.2	The development of renewable energy – particularly energy from wind, water, solar power and biomass – is a central aim of the European Commission’s energy policy. Renewable energy sources are expected to be economically competitive with conventional energy sources in the medium to long term. Many of the most promising strategies for solar energy conversion involve charge separation of an exciton in a photovoltaic device comprised of a nanostructured composite of various types. We propose to use novel single molecule (particle) modulation spectroscopy techniques to investigate photoinduced charge separation and charge transfer reactions in model photovoltaic solar energy devices based on nanoparticles. We believe that this general strategy will ultimately lead to new tools for photovoltaic device and materials research that will be single molecule spectroscopy (SMS) ‘functional equivalents’ for photo-electro-chemistry and ultrafast spectroscopy. In particular, this proposal takes a new direction in solar energy conversion research by developing and applying a new technique, Fluorescence Voltage-Time Resolved-Single Molecule Spectroscopy (FV-TR-SMS). This method involves simultaneous and synchronized SMS E-Field modulation, and light intensity modulation and/or pulsed lasers. Preliminary FV-TR-SMS results demonstrate that these methods are well suited to study the kinetics of photoinduced charge separation and transfer at the molecular level, and will allow us investigate in the proposed research critical unresolved issues regarding how charge separation and charge transfer processes depend upon chemical structure, morphology and the physical state (e.g. charging) of the layers and interfaces in the model photovoltaic solar energy devices.
54277	11814	PV-ERA-NET	Networking and integration of national and regional programmes in the field of Photovoltaic (PV) solar energy Research and Technological Development (RTD) in the European Research Area (ERA)					2004-10-01	2009-09-30		FP6	€ 2,626,344.00	€ 2,626,344.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-COORDINATION	COOR-1.1	PV-ERA-NET is a European network of programme co-ordinators and managers in the field of photovoltaic solar energy (PV) research and technological development (RTD). The consortium comprises major key players in the field of national and regional RTD programmes involving photovoltaics (PV), which is considered a key technology and industry. The consortium comprises 17 partners from 11 countries with more than 20 national and regional RTD programmes. The mission of PV-ERA-NET is to carry out activities towards sustained co-ordination and co-operation between national and regional programmes in the field of PV RTD in the European Research Area (ERA) and thereby create a durables structuring effect and impact in terms of coherence, innovation and economic growth and strengthen Europe’s position in photovoltaics, which is considered a high technology and a key industry. The major goals related to this overall objective are: * Enhanced and sustained co-ordination, co-operation and coherence of photovoltaic RTD programming activities, through systematic information exchange; assessment of best practice for programme design and implementation; identification of complementarities, gaps and opportunities between different RTD programmes; analysis of barriers and solutions towards sustained co-ordination and co-operation; and implementation of joint activities and approaches. * Improvement and corroboration of the structure and effectiveness of photovoltaic RTD activities and to foster ERA, through increased co-ordination and co-operation of programmes (considering that at least 75% of PV RTD in Europe is financed at national / regional level); contribution to overcome the traditional fragmentation of research efforts in Europe; durable structuring effect in RTD programmes and programming on a European level; achievement of critical mass in specific RTD issues; increased excellency of RTD and the competitiveness of related industries in Europe.
54369	508159	NANOSPARK	Development of a new machinery for nanotubes mass production based on the channel spark ablation technique (NANOSPARK)					2004-11-01	2007-01-31		FP6	€ 1,450,832.00	€ 860,992.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SME	SME-1	Carbon nanotubes have many unique and extreme physical properties for this reason they will playa key role in the next future of society. Many governments allover the world are investing great resources in nanotechnologies research activities. The reason is the great performances of nanostructured materials and the large variety of applications of these technologies. The objective of this proposal is to realize a new machinery based on a cheap technological procedure, the Channel Spark Ablation (CSA), to produce high quality single walled carbon nanotubes which should yield the same quality as laser ablation, but at much lower costs. The nanotubes produced by this equipment will be used as passive electronic elements into innovative solar cells and dye sensitised solar cells. The major innovation of the proposal IS the idea to adopt an innovative technology to provide single-walled nanotubes at first on the kilogram scale and ultimately on a tonne scale. The.CSA is a system based on the pulsed electron-beam generation from the glow-discharge plasma environment. The applicability of the CSA to nanotubes preparation relies on the high effective temperatures that can be reached at the target surface and on its similarities to Pulsed Laser Ablation. It is clear that the development of sophisticated equipment and its further adjustment required for different materials utilisation can not be tackled by an only company. The contribution of the RTD performers will be essential to avail the indispensable know-how and resources to overcome the theoretical and technical problems and so to get the final positive result. The economical reason of the trans-national cooperation is given by the great industrial interest, allover the Europe, for this new, promising technique for nanotubes mass production. Actually the most important limitation of the nanostructured materials is due to the high production cost mainly due to high energy consumption and low process pro
54403	510603	SOLARSAFEWATER	Emerging technologies to address water treatment in developing countries					2004-09-01	2005-11-30		FP6	€ 147,125.00	€ 84,249.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-INCO	INCO-A.2	To address the subject of Emerging Technologies to Address Water Treatment Problems in Developing Countries, it is proposed to organise the Course Possibilities for Safe Water Provision Using New Technologies and the Symposium The Challenge of Safe Drinkin g Water Provision: Technologies for the Latin American Region, in coincidence with the Final Meeting of the ongoing INCO Project: Cost Effective Solar Photocatalytic Technology to Water Decontamination and Disinfection in Rural Areas of Developing Countrie s (SOLWATER), Contract: ICA4-CT-2002-10001. Both events are also addressed to strongly reinforce the dissemination of results of the SOLWATER project. The proposed date is October 14-19, 2005, were the SOLWATER meeting will take place. The Symposium, addre ssed to scientists and engineers working in the subject, will be a 3-days event to discuss the state of the art of the photocatalytic technology for water purification and to disseminate the capabilities of available technologies among potential users and Small or Medium Sized Enterprises and top Officers of the nearby countries. The full participation of partners of the SOLWATER Project is foreseen. The Symposium will also promote the transfer and exploitation of the results of the SOLWATER Project and wou ld serve to explore Further possible future research activities, including pilot actions on the developed solar photocatalytic technology. The Course is a two-days event that includes technical lectures on the characteristics of available technologies, dir ected to young scientists and engineers. The estimated audience includes 50 attendees from nearly all Latin American countries. Lectures will be mainly given by the partners of the SOLWATER Project. Registration shall be open to further participants, on th e basis of adequate qualifications and payment of the costs of the course. The Course will contribute to the training of scientists and engineers in the technology
54404	501974	WELLBUS	Study of Efficiency Enhancement Mechanisms in Quantum Well Solar Cells for Better Utilization of the Solar Spectrum (WELLBUS)					2004-02-09	2006-02-08		FP6	€ 167,665.00	€ 167,665.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-MOBILITY	MOBILITY-2.1	The GalnP/GaAs/Ge tandem triple junction cells are the highest efficiency photovoltaic (PV) devices and are likely to be the first of the ‘Third Generation’ cells to enter the terrestrial PV market in concentrator applications. They employ three different solar cells stacked on top of each other to capture and convert a wider spectral range of solar radiation to electricity. The commercial viability of concentrator systems depends crucially on the use of the highest efficiency cells. The Strain-Balanced Quantum Well Solar Cell (SB-QWSC) is an innovative, nanostructured cell, pioneered by the Quantum Photovoltaic Group (QPG) at Imperial College, which has the potential to enhance the efficiency of the triple junction cell significantly by replacing the GaAs cell. The SB-QWSC increases tandem efficiency by reducing the absorption band-gap of GaAs resulting in better utilisation of the solar spectrum. Recent experimental and theoretical work based onphotoluminescence (PL), photoconductivity (PC) and electroluminescence (EL) studies have revealed that the Quasi-Fermi Level Separation (QFLS) in single quantum well (SQW) devices is smaller than expected in both the dark and the light. This implies lower recombination and hence enhanced efficiency. Furthermore, the SB-QWSC dark currents at concentrator current levels show ideality factor n=1. This suggests that minimum non-radiative recombination levels can be achieved in SB-QWSC. Finally the exciting possibility of efficiency enhancement by photon recycling can also be considered as the unavoidable radiative energy would be re-absorbed in other wells in a light-trapping environment. There is therefore a great need to clarify the mechanisms behind the general efficiency enhancement in the SB-QWSC. This will be done by extending the recent studies on QFLS in SQW devices under light illumination to SB-QWSCs.
54420	3092	ITMPC	Improving the tuning methodology for MPC+C108					2004-05-01	2008-04-30		FP6	€ 83,172.00	€ 102,094.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-MOBILITY	MOBILITY-1.3	Model Predictive Control (MPC) is an strategic control technology in terms of market and research. Dept of Sistemas e Automatica is recognized as being a very active group in the area combining research, training, dissemination and application of MPC to a variety of processes and in particular to solar plants. The market is dominated by American companies although there are a few very active European SMEs in the field. MPC performances relies on the quality of the model used for prediction and therefore the techniques for identification of plant models in a realistic environment and during normal operation is a very important issue both for improving the performance and to develop systematic tuning procedures. These techniques are basically: Identification in closed loop-On site tuning-Robustness. This new area of competence will enhance the capability of the host for research and applications to processes such as solar energy systems. Solar energy systems have a great importance from a regional an environmental viewpoint. Efforts in better control schema for solar systems will have a positive impact. The proposed action consist of hosting ‘More experienced researchers’ at applicant for a total of 18 persons-month. This will be an effective way of transferring the knowledge. The action does not only include lectures but also development of projects and benchmarking and is spanned over a realistic period of time. The group is active in the field but located at one of the less favoured peripheral regions in Europe which is an added difficulties to its integration in the European Research area. This action will contribute to the European cohesion and to the establishment of the European Research area.
54644	502775	PV-CATAPULT	PV CAtapult					2003-12-01	2006-01-31		FP6	€ 1,959,465.00	€ 1,700,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.2.4;SUSTDEV-2002-6.1.3.1.1.2-4	The potential for EU solar electricity (PV) industry to contribute to a clean energy system are enormous. However, a great co-ordinated effort is needed to ensure that sector fully benefits from the expansion of PV market.In PV catapult industry, consultants and research institutes work therefore together to give a boost to EU solar energy.The consortium aims to accelerate market development by means of various strategic actions. In the first step the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for the PV sector will be identified. The Consortium also aims to optimise the transfer process from the research laboratories to mass production. As the integrating of PV in buildings is a major market potential in Europe, the consortium will engage construction industry to strengthen the PV market. In this project new financial instruments will be exploited for the industry and the end-consumer to decrease the cost of PV. This will be done for different regions: the current EU-members, Newly Associated States and emerging/ developing countries.The simultaneously production of solar electricity and thermal energy (PVT) has the potential to reduce cost significantly. This project aims at bringing together all the key players in the R&D and industrial PVT field in Europe, to collect the knowledge, to structure it and to make it accessible. The gathering of key players will result in a strong network and have positive influence on the R&D effectiveness. A grown up PV-marketed needs reliable standards and energy yield predications. To increase the understanding of the measurement of PV the same panels will be measured in different laboratories. This so call-ed robin test will be made available to the PV community through a variety of means. Non EU-members are at the moment taking the lead for new standards, with the risk that EU interests are neglected. By exchange knowledge within the EU PV-community a good preparation for this process is made.
55144	2325	nan	Electricity Storage and Demonstration of Renewable Energy Systems					nan	nan		FP6	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP6-JRC	2.3.2	Specific Objectives: Battery Performance, Testing and Standards: Objectives: Verification of proposed drafts on test performance and test procedures for lead-acid batteries used in stand alone PV systems (solar home systems) as a pre-condition for their acceptance as international standards. Solar Home Systems: Methods and Standards: Objectives: Confirmation of the System Balance Point as a parameter to measure the energy rating of SHSs by comparing the indoor and outdoor test performance. Renewable Energy Systems Demonstration: Objectives: Construction of small demonstrator using RE and reverse-osmosis for drinking water production. This objective supports the development of arid areas in Member States and Candidate Countries. Analytical monitoring of PV-installations: Objectives: Continuation of our support role in the market penetration of PV systems by performing the analytical monitoring of DG TREN PV demonstration projects. Extension of this activity by proposing new/alternative means of monitoring. This objective also supports the penetration of PV in Member States and Candidate Countries. Anticipated milestones and schedule Milestones Schedule 1 1st Interim report on lifetime assessment of lead-acid batteries 30/06/2003 2 2nd Interim report on lifetime assessment of lead-acid batteries 15/12/2003 3 Draft proposal on test for battery assessment of SHS (own) 31/06/2003 4 Interim report on battery assessment for SHS 30/10/2003 5 Interim test report on SHS outdoor tests 30/11/2003 6 Design of water-desalination demonstration system 30/11/2003 7 Reports on PV demonstration projects Continuously. Planned Deliverables: 1.1 Lifetime assessment of lead-acid batteries using already proposed tests procedures 1.2 Test our own draft proposal for lifetime assessment of lead-acid batteries for SHS’s application 2.1 Test report of six SHS in outdoor conditions calculating their System Balance Point and comparing them with the indoor test 3.1 A water-desalination demonstration system using photovoltaics and reverse-osmosis 4.1 Monthly-monitoring reports of DG TREN PV demonstration projects in close partnership with DG TREN and the management of the demonstration projects. Summary of the Action: This action addresses both the short-term storage and the mid- to long-term storage of electricity. The first goal addresses mainly grid-connected applications to increase the quality and availability of the grid power, as well as to smooth the fluctuation of renewable energy systems in a distributed electricity generation system. The second goal targets off-grid electrification applications (urban or rural) and seasonal storage. The present action also focuses on: Stand-alone Systems. It aims to increase the quality and reliability of Solar Home Systems to match the already very high ones of the photovoltaic modules as a means to increase customer acceptance and in turn renewable energy penetration. Renewable Energy Systems Demonstration. Aims at demonstrating the viability of renewable energy, above all in arid zones and remote islands where basic energy and water needs remain largely unfulfilled. Analytical monitoring of photovoltaic installations: Continuation of our support role in the market penetration of photovoltaic systems by performing the analytical monitoring of DG TREN demonstration projects. Rationale: The ambitious EU target of doubling the penetration of renewable energy in the European energy mix by 2010 requires the introduction of electricity storage devices. Electricity storage provides on one hand continuity of supply from an inherent intermittent energy source (i.e. wind, sun) and on the other it enables electricity power levelling over time. Furthermore, nearly half of the world population still does not have access to electricity and is unlikely to get it in the near future as the creation of a centralised electricity distribution (electrical grid) is beyond the budgetary capabilities of developing countries. Photovoltaics have the capability of bringing electricity to this population by the use of stand-alone systems, the so-called Solar Home Systems (SHS). The core of a SHS is the battery that allows to delay the use of the electricity from the production period (over daylight hours) to the consumption period (normally during the evening). Today, SHS is the world’s most widespread photovoltaic application and the battery their weakest component. Electricity storage will become a bigger proportion of the cost of photovoltaic systems as the modules get cheaper. Therefore, to reduce the cost impact of the electricity storage, a longer lifetime and improved quality is needed.
55153	2312	nan	Scientific-Technical Reference System on Renewable energy and Efficient Use of Electricity					nan	nan		FP6	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP6-JRC	2.3.1	Specific Objectives: 1. To compare and assess national incentive schemes for renewables and electricity efficiency, including their socio-economic impact; 2. To monitor progress of renewable electricity (implementation of Directive 2001/77/EC) and to assess renewable energy resources in Candidate Countries; 3. To promote Best Available Technologies and Techniques for the efficient use of electricity with emphasis on professional energy services (ESCO) and stand-by loads, to contribute to an European ‘Energy Star’ Green Light and Motor Challenge initiatives as well as new Directives initiative and to assess the potential to substantially decrease energy intensity in buildings, in particular in Candidate Countries Anticipated milestones and schedule Milestones Schedule I. 1st core group meeting March 2003 II. 2nd core group meeting June 2003 III. 3rd core group meeting October 2003 IV. 1st demonstration of web-based Green Certification for Demand and Supply October 2003 V. resource maps of the candidate counties solar and wind- potential Nov. 2003 VI. Assessment of Renewable Energy resources in candidate countries Nov. 2003 VII. First Pan-European Conference on ESCOs May 2003 VIII. First draft of the Green Building Programme Sept. 2003 * The core group of the Scientific Reference System on renewable energy and Energy End-use Efficiency will consist of a multidisciplinary group of key scientists and public administrators, who are specifically or sectorially responsible for Renewable Energy and Energy End-use Efficiency. Planned Deliverables: 1.1 Reports on the impact of the Member State’s incentive schemes; 2.1 Web-based Green Certification system for demand and supply 2.2 Open standards for demand/supply certification for renewable energies and efficient use of electricity 2.3 Technical monitoring reports on Community demonstration projects 2.4 Resource maps of solar and wind-potential in Candidate Countries; 3.1 Standardisation and implementation actions (Energy Star, Green Light and Motor Challenge Programmes, Code of Conducts and CFL Quality Charter, European Design Competition) for electricity efficient electronic appliances (IT and Multimedia equipment, highly efficient lighting) 3.2 Technical assessment of the energy performance of the Candidate Countries building stock. Summary of the Action: The function of the Scientific/Technical Reference System (REF-REE) is to provide relevant, validated and dependable information on renewable energy and the efficient use of electricity to decision makers . On the side of renewable energy, REF-REE will set up a network of similar expert centres to access information on vertical technologies, such as biomass, wind and solar thermal. The action defines and uses quality criteria for the assessment of technologies, implementation actions and incentives schemes. It also delivers at 6-months intervals indicators on the progress of development and implementation. REF-REE provides continuously updated information in harmonised format. REF-REE is part of JRC’s Sustainable Energy Technical Reference and Information System (SETRIS). Rationale: The EU is implementing challenging commitments to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in accord with the Kyoto protocol, and has established ambitious renewable energy targets in its Campaign for Take-Off. In the past decade, renewable energy technologies have made significant progress in terms of performance, cost and reliability, thanks to vigorous research, development, demonstration and market introduction programs at European and national level. The opening of new market niches is supporting the development of a young dynamic industry. While technology development has been a key driver in the progress of renewables, significant penetration would have been impossible without appropriate policies including instruments such as introduction targets, elimination of non-technical barriers, internalisation of external costs of energy, and harmonisation of market rules. The efficient end-use of energy is a parallel area where modern technology, policies, and market forces have combined to achieve significant results. This is of particular strategic importance as the use of energy in the Candidate Countries is significantly less efficient than the Member States.
55179	2324	nan	Solar Electricity					nan	nan		FP6	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP6-JRC	2.3.2	Specific Objectives: Fair and transparent Markets: Development and harmonisation of European standards for Reference measurements, performance assessment and quality certification in the field of solar electricity. 1st Generation Photovoltaics(Silicon) To support and enhance the leading position of the European Photovoltaic industry by providing: – Reference measurements on the efficient use of conventional and alternative silicon supply: minimum quality requirements for MG-silicon. Type approval test for a harmonised market. – New measurement concepts for Energy Rating. – Assessment of ultra thin crystalline silicon solar cells. 2nd Generation Photovoltaics (Thin Film) To accelerate market penetration of emerging technologies from pilot production to industrialisation. – Advanced Characterisation Methods. – Investigate encapsulation technologies and integration issues in the Built Environment. 3rd Generation Photovoltaics (Ultra-High Efficiency). To provide the appropriate European platform for the development of the scientific base of new ultra high efficiencies solar cells and alternative ultra low cost technologies. – Science and Technology Roadmap – Beyond Horizon Concepts, Plastic Solar Cells. Anticipated milestones and schedule Milestones Schedule A1 International Intercomparison of Si Irradiance sensors March ’03 A2 Publication of Direct to Global solar spectrum study September ’03 A3 Executive report on traceability methods for PV calibration December ’03 B1 Introduction of new Laser Line Scan Analysis tool for defect detection during Type Approval Testing March ’03 B2 Validation and verification of alternative Energy Rating Procedures August ’03 C1 Publication of material characterisation results during Light soaking of CIS May ’03 C2 First test encapsulation on new thin film PV technology June ’03 D1 First Publication on Polymer Solar Cells from JRC June ’03 D2 Workshop on Path to Ultra High efficient PV October ’03. Planned Deliverables: 1.1-International intercomparison campaign for the traceability to Si-Units of silicon solar irradiance reference sensor; 1.2-Solar spectral irradiance measurement methods; 1.3-Draft standards at IEC and EUROMET level on traceability; 2.1-Type-approval tests on commercial products; 2.2-Universal Energy-rating procedures targeted to replace current user- information, which is related only to instantaneous power output at standard test conditions; 3.1-Measurement procedures and data for feed-back in the development cycle of European research and pilot activities; 3.2-Development of dedicated accelerated procedures to screen new encapsulations and sub/superstrates for thin-films; 4.1-Co-ordinated roadmap, benchmarks of concepts; 5.1 First Publication on new Polymer Solar Cell, Patent application on characterisation technique for Si technology, and organisation of two workshops on key technology issues. Summary of the Action: The SOLAREC action contributes to the implementation of renewable energy in the European Union as a sustainable and long-term energy supply by undertaking new S&T developments in fields where harmonisation is required and requested by customers and by developing standards and references to ensure the quality of 1st and 2nd generation photovoltaic technology. SOLAREC also acts as a catalyst for the development of the science base of 3rd generation photovoltaic technology with particular attention to integrating the scientific knowledge available in Candidate Countries. This action focuses mainly on: 1. The first generation technology (Crystalline Silicon), by measurements on efficient use of existing supplies and identification of alternatives to conventional silicon feedstock and by the type approval and quality assurance of commercial photovoltaic products; 2. The second generation technology (Thin Films), by development of advanced characterisation methods which take into account specific features of the devices developed, by assessing on a technical base the new production and encapsulation methods and by undertaking harmonisation of standard proposals for the application of these 2nd generation materials; 3. The third generation technology, which will achieve the ultimate goal of high efficiency (up to 80%) or provide low cost alternatives. This action will contribute with dedicated research on plastic/organic solar cells (low cost option) to the variety of options, which will be investigated. This work will be carried out in collaboration with networks within Europe and world-wide; 4. In October 2003, this action will organise an international workshop on the Path to Ultra High efficiency photovoltaics. Rationale Photovoltaic solar electricity is currently growing world-wide by almost 50% per annum and the European policy goal is to increase the share of this particular renewable energy technology 100 fold by 2010, compared to the 1997 situation. Overall the SOLAREC action contributes to the development of fair and transparent markets through the development of standards. This regards in particular the performance and lifetime assessment of the technologies involved and precision reference measurements on all generations of photovoltaic (PV) technology. This action strives to ensure that the highest quality can be achieved for a technology that is still fairly expensive.
55300	501975	ECHELLE	Electrodeposited Chalcopyrite thin film solar cells: High efficiency Limits and Losses Evaluation					2004-02-15	2006-02-14		FP6	€ 157,652.00	€ 149,103.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-MOBILITY	MOBILITY-2.1	This project concerns New and Advanced Concepts in Renewable Technologies. It is relevant to FP6 objective Research Development and validation of thin -film PV technologies with higher efficiency cost ratio. The field of study is thin film solar cells manufactured by novel low cost methods. It adopts an interdisciplinary approach from two leading European scientific institutions. It is proposed to increase solar cell efficiency in the II-VI materials field by: – Flexible and quantitative modelling optimisation from a knowledge based perspective based on characterisation on a nanometre scale. This will develop a quantitative understanding of light and dark currents taking materials issues specific to this system into account down to the grain size scale. – Extrapolation of the knowledge to improved designs. These will primarily consist of changes to the band structure of the cell in order to maximise photocurrent, and minimise the trap dominated dark current by manipulating carrier density profiles in the depletion layers. – Increase efficient use of light by using light trapping techniques. In turn these relax requirements on layer thickness required to absorb incident light, and consequently relax the requirements on minority carrier transport. This leads to solar cells more tolerant of imperfect material, of particular interest in polycrystalline material. – Implement innovations in real thin film polycrystalline devices (chalcopyrite type) produced by low cost methods (electroplating) in which the host laboratory has a recognised experience.
55365	502620	FULLSPECTRUM	A new PV wave making more efficient use of the solar spectrum (FULLSPECTRUM)					2003-11-01	2008-10-31		FP6	€ 14,616,440.00	€ 8,339,993.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.2.4	The project pursues a better exploitation of the FULL solar SPECTRUM (as requested in the Work Programme) by further developing concepts already scientifically proven but not yet developed and by trying to prove new ones in the search of a breakthrough for the PV technology. More specific objectives are the development of: a) III-V multijunction cells (MJC), b) Solar Thermo-photovoltaic (TPV) converters, c) Intermediate band (IB) materials and cells (IBC), d) Molecular based concepts (MBC) for full PV utilisation of the solar spectrum and e) Manufacturing Technologies for novel concepts including assembling. MJC technology towards 40 % efficiency will be developed using lower cost substrates and high light concentration (up or above 1000 suns). TPV is a concept of high theoretical efficiency limit because the whole energy of all the photons is used in the heating process and because the non-used photons can be feed back to the emitter, therefore assisting in keeping it hot. Small prototypes with sun/gas heated emitters will be developed. In the IBC approach sub-band gap photons are exploited by means of an IB. IB materials will be sought by direct synthesis suggested by material band calculations and using nanotechnology in quantum dot IBCs. In the development of the MBC, topics like the development of two-photon dye cells and the development of a static global (direct and diffuse) light concentrator by means of luminescent multicolour dyes and QDs, with the radiation confined by photon crystals, will be particularly addressed. Manufacturing technologies include using opt electronic assembling techniques and coupling of light to cells with new-optics miniconcentrators.
55371	502578	ECOSTAR	European Concentrated Solar Thermal Road-Mapping (ECOSTAR)					2003-12-01	2005-02-28		FP6	€ 335,293.00	€ 223,129.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.2.6	The European Union has adopted the potential of Concentrating Solar Thermal Power (CSP) to contribute significantly to the achievement of a truly sustainable energy system in the medium-to-long term in Europe. Thus, the EC currently supports the implementation of three pilot solar thermal power plants. Besides continuous implementation of this technology, cost targeted innovation approaches are needed to achieve cost-competitiveness of this technology in the medium-to-long term. Up to now a variety of different and competing approaches have been promoted by the fragmented research base in Europe. The major objectives of the ECOSTAR co-ordinating action are: – to identify the European innovation potential with the highest impact on CSP-cost reduction, – to focus the European research activities and the national research programs of the partners involved onto common goals and priorities, – and to broaden its basis of industrial and research excellence, capable to solve the multidisciplinary CSP specific problems. High level commitment of six large research centres from Germany (DLR), Israel (WIS), France (CNRS-IMP),Spain (CIEMAT), Switzerland (ETH) and Russia (IVTAN) each with long-year experience in the subject and most of them conducting a significant program on concentrating solar technologies and operating their own facilities express the readiness to combine their national expertise to achieve these goals. This group has teamed-up with the international association of power and heat generation (VGB Powerless),which includes many of the European players in the power sector, to ensure by an independent industry assessment, that the identified innovation pathways are feasible from an industry perspective, to disseminate them to the power sector, and to support the identification of further expertise needed.
55429	507091	SOLFACE	High flux solar facilities for Europe					2004-01-01	2007-12-31		FP6	€ 345,000.00	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP6-INFRASTRUCTURES	INFRASTR-1
55448	510550	SOLAR CAREER	Research and teaching in renewable energy					2004-10-10	2006-09-30		FP6	€ 80,000.00	€ 80,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-MOBILITY	MOBILITY-4.2
55658	508462	SOCOLD	Development and implementation of a cost effective adsorption refrigeration system utilising high temperature (120°C) solar Compound Parabolic Collectors (CPC) (SOCOLD)					2004-08-01	2006-07-31		FP6	€ 1,753,625.00	€ 1,013,510.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SME	SME-1	SOCOLD aims at the development of a cost effective small sized lSkW) solar cooling system based on adsorption technology and new high temperature (120¦C) solar Compound Parabolic Collectors (CPC). The new CPC solar collectors were previously developed in a past CRAFT project [JOR3-CT97-7001] by SOLARFOCUS (A). Two different cooling levels shall be achieved by low pressure adsorption meaning solid gas sorption technology most probably using pure water as liquid phase: -18¦C for building air conditioning (AC) and pure methanol for low temperature below the freezing level (FROST) for food conservation. Consequently it will be an non polluting process. The consortium will not only target an energetically efficient system but will keep the cost aims in mind in order to provide a product ready for market penetration after finalisation of the project. These ambitious aims shall be achieved by a well balanced international consortium containing the necessary critical mass. Whilst CNAM-IFFI (F) will target the FROST area, FRAUNHOFER (E) will focus on the AC development. SOLARFOCUS will improve its existing high temperature CPC solar panel based on the conclusions of the above mentioned CRAFT project. Finally two 5 kW prototypes will be built by 2 SMEs: FAVIER (F) and SORTECH (0) and tested under real field conditions at 1 end-user location in Spain. The energy management will also playa decisive role. PROFACTOR (A) will bring in therefore its know how concerning alternative refrigeration methods gained in former RTO projects as POLAR [CRAFT-1999-71242] or EJECTOR [JOR3-CT98-7007]. In order to prepare a fast market penetration, SOLARFOCUS’ distributor in Spain, AL TERSUN, is included in the Consortium. AL TERSUN will not only involve its (potential) clients in order to build up a reliable data basis concerning the end-user requirements but will be responsible for the long term solar tests of the collectors and the integrated system field trials. The final product shal
55706	503526	DISTOR	Energy Storage for Direct Steam Solar Power Plants (DISTOR)					2004-02-01	2007-10-31		FP6	€ 3,936,650.00	€ 2,228,917.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.2.6	Solar thermal power plants represent today’s most economic systems to generate electricity from solar insulation in them-range in regions like the Mediterranean area. By demonstrating the feasibility of direct steam generation in the absorber pipes European industry and research institutions have gained a leading position in this technology area. A key element foray successful market penetration is the availability of storage systems to reduce the dependence on the course of solarinsolation. The most important benefits result from -reduced internal costs due to increased efficiency and extended utilisation of the power block-facilitating the integration of a solar power plant into an electrical grid-adoption of electricity production to the demand thus increasing revenues Efficient storage systems for steam power plants demand transfer of energy during the charging/discharging process at constant temperatures. The DISTOR project focuses on the development of systems using phase change materials (PCM) as storage media. In order to accelerate the development, the DISTOR project is based on parallel research on three different storage concepts. These concepts include innovative aspects like encapsulated PCM, evaporation heat transfer and new design concepts. This parallel approach takes advantage of synergy effects and will enable the identification of the most promising storage concept. A consortium covering the various aspects of design and manufacturing has been formed from manufacturers, engineering companies and research institutions experienced in solar thermal power plants and PCM technology. The project will provide advanced storage material based on PCM for the temperature range of 200-300°C adapted to the needs of Direct Steam generation thus expanding Europe’s strong position in solar thermal power plants.
55708	502783	MOLYCELL	Molecular Orientation, Low Band Gap Materials and New Hybrid Device Concepts for the Improvement of Plastic Solar Cells (MOLYCELL)					2004-01-01	2006-06-30		FP6	€ 4,598,629.00	€ 2,499,967.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.2.4	Organic solar cells promise a strong cost reduction of photovoltaics (PV) if fast improvements of the power efficiency and the lifetime can be achieved. There are still some crucial obstacles to overcome before a large-scale production of plastic solar cells can be considered. The latter is the clear aim of all industrial partners here involved. The feasibility of this approach will be proven with a new generation of organic PV having better efficiency ( 5% on 1cm2 glass substrate and 4% on 1cm2 flexible substrate), longer lifetime and a production cost far below those of competing technologies based on silicon. To reach this goal, the following questions will be worked out in parallel: 1. Design and synthesis of new materials to overcome the large mismatch between the currently available polymer materials absorption characteristics and the solar emission spectrum and also to improve the mediocre charge transport properties. 2. Development of two device concepts to improve efficiencies: all-organic solar cells and nanocrystal/organic hybrid solar cells : All-organic solar cells will be based on donor-acceptor bulk heterojunction built by blending of two organic materials serving as electron donor (hole semiconductor, low band gap polymers) and electron acceptor under the form of an homogeneous blend and sandwiching the organic matrix between two electrodes. One of these electrodes is transparent and the other is usually an opaque metal electrode. Two concepts will be developed to improve efficiencies: a) an innovative junction concept based on the orientation of polar molecules and b) a multi-junction bulk donor-acceptor heterojunction concept.Nanocrystal/organic hybrid solar cells will be based upon solid-state heterojunctions between nanocrystalline metal oxides and molecular/polymeric hole conductors. Two strategies will be addressed for light absorption: the sensitisation with molecular dyes and the use of absorbing polymeric hole conductors.
55806	502829	SOLREF	Solar Steam Reforming of Methane Rich Gas for Synthesis Gas Production (SOLREF)					2004-04-01	2009-09-30		FP6	€ 3,427,982.00	€ 2,087,999.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.2.6	Methane reforming is an endothermic reaction between methane, steam and/or CO2. The products are a mixture of hydrogen and CO, called syngas. In solar reforming, the calorific value of the fuel is upgraded by 20-30%, accounted for the contribution of the solar energy. The products can be directly combusted in a gas turbine for electricity generation or, can be used as a source for hydrogen production. The process is attractive where the sun is plentiful and where natural gas is available close by (e.g. Italy). The products can be piped in the existing pipeline and can be used as a fuel by customers far from the solar plant. Solar reforming can also be applied to other methane containing feedstocks such as biogas, and CO2 contaminated wells. This makes solar reforming a powerful candidate for benign, pollution free fuel processing in the future hydrogen economy. In the framework of the EC/FP4 the fundamentals of this technology have been developed (SOLASYS project) and tested at a scale of few hundreds kilowatts solar input. Based on the results of the SOLASYS project, the SOLREF project aims to bring the technology forward to the edge of industrialisation. Three main subjects that are crucial to success of this technology will be studied in the SOLREF project. 1) A durable and stable catalytic system for reforming different feedstock’s at high temperatures that complies with the specific conditions imposed by the solar application, such as rapid thermal fluctuations. 2) Mechanical modifications and improvements to the reformer and the concept design of the industrial module. 3) Establishing operation procedures, especially for faster start up and shut down. Industrial partners who, following successful completion of SOLREF including the pre-design of a pilot plant, would look to demonstrate and apply the technology in southern Italy back the project.
55860	19902	LAB2LINE	From the laboratory to the production Line					2007-02-01	2010-01-31		FP6	€ 2,795,463.00	€ 1,269,674.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.1.1	The project aims at taking solar cell processes and materials successfully developed within previous RTD projects to manufacturing level. In particular the project will address low cost options for the well known laser grooved solar cell which include screen printing and laser local rear contacts, and will also address manufacturing issues related to the use of n-type multi-crystalline silicon, which has demonstrated excellent quality at lab level. The two project lines are kept separate for faster achievement of scale up, which is an overall goal of the project, but in principle optimised cell processing can be applied to any kind of substrate, and thus to n-type, for instance. The project will verify such option as well. The objectives of the project are to fully test and specify process sequences which can be scaled to volumes compatible with the present growth rate of the PV market already at the end of the project.
55864	38519	HIGHSOL	High volume manufacturing of photovoltaic products					2007-09-01	2010-08-31		FP6	€ 2,728,640.00	€ 1,118,362.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.1.1	The project highSol aims at the transformation of innovative manufacturing concepts on a laboratory scale into the full industrial scale. The result will be the demonstration of technologies which will enable the mass manufacturing of Photovoltaic products with a serious reduction of manufacturing costs. The objectives are: – Demonstrating the automated manufacturing of Photovoltaic products based on thin wafers with a thickness of 150µm. – Increasing and maintaining the overall yield with the implementation of in-process quality control and feedback systems. – Demonstrating the manufacturing integration with the implementation of interfaces which will serve for future standards. The objectives will be reached by the following approach: Saving feedstock, by enabling manufacturing of 150µm wafer with a wafer size of 210*210mm, will enable a direct cost reduction of 25%. As the envisaged cost reduction in Photovoltaic industry is 5% per year, this action alone will provide European Photovoltaic industry.
55867	38655	MESOR	Management and exploitation of solar resource knowledge					2007-06-01	2009-05-31		FP6	€ 1,027,824.00	€ 899,968.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.1.1	Knowledge of the solar energy resource has been generated over the past years within several European and national projects. Large steps forward have been made for the benefit of research, renewable energy industry and the environment. Nevertheless, these multiple efforts have led to a fragmentation and uncoordinated access: different sources of information and solar radiation products are now available, but uncertainty about their quality remains. At the same time, communities of users lack common understanding how to exploit the developed knowledge. The project MESoR aims at removing the uncertainty and improving the management of the solar energy resource knowledge. The results of past and present large-scale initiatives in Europe, will be integrated, standardised and disseminated in a harmonised way to facilitate their effective exploitation by stakeholders.
55891	38659	HIGH-COMBI	High solar fraction heating and cooling systems with combination of innovative components and methods					2007-06-01	2011-05-31		FP6	€ 2,574,867.00	€ 1,144,539.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.1.1	The HIGH-COMBI project aims at developing high solar fraction systems by an innovative combination of optimized solar heating, cooling and storage technologies. In the research phase, different configurations will be examined and optimized by detailed simulations. Demonstration plants will be constructed, using different combination of technologies, components and control strategies. All demo plants will achieve high solar fractions values with a sound economy; for some of the plants more than 70% of coverage for the space heating, domestic hot water and cooling loads is expected to be reached. Innovative techniques, components and/or configurations will be examined (e.g. new storages, use of rejected heat during cooling, combined heating and cooling control etc.) Demonstration plants’ monitoring data of about 15 months will be analysed, the simulation and design tools validated and the plants’ performance evaluated.
55896	38406	CRISTAL	Control of renewable integrated systems targeting advanced landmarks					2007-12-10	2009-12-09		FP6	€ 221,280.00	€ 198,540.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1;SUSTDEV-1.1.7	The CA aims to contribute to the integration and strengthening of European research on Renewable Energy Sources and associated power converters, controllers and combined use. The proposal is a step forward in securing a leading role for Europe in sustainable energy systems, strategically important to some EC Programme objectives: large scale implementation of Distributed Energy Resources (DER), energy storage technologies and systems for grid connected applications. It is focused on the development of key enabling technologies for distributed / smart energy networks, with high power quality and service security. The technical issues to be coordinated are concerned with solar, wind and micro-hydro systems control in conjunction with compensatory energy storage systems (fuel cells, hydrogen) and connection to the grid.
55924	20063	PV-EMPLOYMENT	The role of the European PV industry for the Europe’s jobs and education today and tomorrow					2006-01-03	2008-07-02		FP6	€ 380,485.00	€ 380,485.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.1.1	As the employment situation is a key political issue the following questions concerning the European PV industry will be answered: -How many net jobs will be created and how many will be replaced by the expanding European photovoltaic? -What are the qualification profiles of employees needed in the future to allow the on-going expansion of the European PV industry? -How should the higher education institutions react? An input-output model with special emphasis on the production structures of the different stages of PV production, installation, operation and maintenance will be developed. This will be based on the available input-output tables of key member countries of the EU. The model will allow the calculation of the expected numbers of net created jobs by the European PV industry. Different market scenarios e.g. up to 2020 will be fed into this model. The model will allow calculating the number of created jobs in dependence of -Different scenarios for the PV market development up to 2020.
55933	38681	SELFLEX	Demonstration of self-formation based flexible solar cells manufacturing technology					2007-06-01	2010-05-31		FP6	€ 1,699,497.00	€ 700,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.1.1	Whilst many achievements have been made over the last decades, costs of PV cells are still the main obstacle for increased utilisation of electric power provided by this clean and renewable technology. In order to become competitive, new improved solar cell concepts and cost-effective manufacturing solutions have to be developed to facilitate further growth of the sector. The overall objective of the project is to demonstrate at industrial scale cost-effective crystalline Si PV cells manufacturing technology based on highly innovative manufacturing concept – self-formation. The fundamental principle of self-formation, having much in common with growth processes found in living nature, is generation of structural growth processes through interaction of chaotic and structured media. Self-formation manufacturing concept is based on the selected groups of planar bottom-up processes (so called self-formation processes) able to specifically form the structure of object.
55966	22253	ULTHEFFCONSYS	Ultra-high efficiency photovoltaic systems with concentrator modules based on Fresnel lenses and multi-junction solar cells					2005-09-01	2007-08-31		FP6	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP6-MOBILITY	MOBILITY-2.1	The main goal of this project is the development of all parts of the concentrator photovoltaic system: photovoltaic concentrator modules with Fresnel lenses and III-V multi-junction solar cells, sun tracking systems and equipment for testing of the concentrator modules parameters. 410 concentrator photovoltaic modules based on Fresnel lenses and high efficiency III-V and silicon solar cells will be manufactured and installed on the sun tracking system in Fraunhofer ISE. The concentrator module construction made by ‘All glass design’ will be modified. The sun tracking system construction is planned to be changed. The long-term test of the whole photovoltaic system will allow solving the possible problems with its durability and stability. The methodics of concentrator modules testing will be established after testing of the whole photovoltaic system. Final purpose is ultra-high efficient (up to 30%) photovoltaic system.
55976	20008	HIGHSPEEDCIGS	High speed pilot production line for CIGS manufacturing					2006-01-02	2009-01-01		FP6	€ 3,057,800.00	€ 1,124,258.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.1.1	This innovative project will create a pilot production line capable of producing CIGSe solar cells for much less than 1/Wp. This is possible not by roll-to-roll production, but instead by passing many small circular substrates through a small vacuum chamber at very high speed, enabled by a load lock and other high speed automation techniques and experience from the optical disc industry. The use of small circular substrates gives advantages in everything from handling and production-yield to interconnection of cells as well as encapsuling. The project will focus on productivity (Cost/Wp) as compared to the more common focus on conversion efficiency. The CIGSe absorbance layer will be deposited by sputtering, a technique widely used 10 years ago for CIS deposition. The risks and problems with Selenium sputtering has been given special attention as is described in the Work Plan, Risks in Stage 2. Another innovation utilized in this project is the use of a zone-point-melting technique as a post treatment proc
56002	38589	SUNRISE	Strengthening the European photovoltaic sector by cooperation with important stakeholders					2007-05-01	2009-10-31		FP6	€ 657,000.00	€ 650,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.1.1	The main aim of this proposal is to support the key objective to reduce costs by achieving further growth to compete in the liberalised energy markets of the future. The co-operation with important stakeholders and networking with the European PV industry needs will lead to cost reduction as the market will be increased. With reduced levels of subsidies the production of PV systems has to be more cost-effective if the PV industry wants to be competitive with conventional energy production. Therefore, this project delivers the base to ensure a cost-effective supply of PV products by improving interaction and production processes within the European PV industry and involves all relevant stakeholders, such as semiconductor industry, construction sector, utilities, equipment manufacturers, and the European Commission. The main objective of this activity is to receive a wide-spread dissemination of the results of this project.
56018	21498	ECMRGC	Energy landscapes and the structure and properties of complex materials					2005-09-01	2007-08-31		FP6	€ 1.00-	€ 1.00-	0	0	0	0	FP6-MOBILITY	MOBILITY-2.1	This application is for a Marie Curie incoming international fellowship for Dr Partha Biswas to study in the chemistry department at Cambridge University. The research aims to combine ideas from energy landscape theory, especially global optimization, with first principles modelling of structure and properties of complex materials of technological interest, such as amorphous silicon and chalcogenide glasses. In particular, we propose a novel scheme to combine abinitiomolecular relaxation with global optimisation techniques while enforcing consistency with available experimental constraints. We believe this represents the first attempt to systematise the agreement of atomistic models with experimental data and the appropriate interatomic interaction. The host group in Cambridge has already applied a number of global optimisation techniques (especially the basin-hopping algorithm) to characterise the potential energy surfaces of a wide range of disordered systems, including polymers, proteins and glass-forming liquids. These optimisation tools can be effectively combined with first principles simulation to incorporate experimental information. Dr Biswas has recently implemented the latter approach to model amorphous silicon and silica by exploiting experiment al data via reverse Monte Carlo methods. The proposed project will combine and further develop these ideas by jointly satisfying both theoretical and experimental constraints, and aims to answer some of the fundamental questions concerning the structure and dynamics of technologically important network glasses. The project will consider a wide range of materials and applications, ranging from computer memory (glassy chalcogenide-silver electrolyte) and digital X-ray radiography to solar photovoltaics (a morphous silicon with hydrogen). The new methodology should be very useful in developing high quality models of oxide and chalcogenide glasses.
56161	38696	SOLBIOPOLYSY	Biofuel polygeneration system integrating MSW landfill gas and solar energy					2008-01-08	2011-01-07		FP6	€ 4,959,246.00	€ 2,099,186.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.1.4	The BIOPOLYSY proposal seeks to advance the development of innovative and readily applicable technologies to develop an efficient and competitive polygeneration system based on integration of landfill with solar system, reforming for the syngas production, ICE for electric generation and heating/cooling system for thermal energy requirements satisfaction. BIOPOLYSY demonstration project aims to encourage and promote the use of new, renewable energy sources do this mainly through demonstration activities involving polygeneration for energy and syngas production through the use of landfill gas and solar energy. The demonstration plant is planned in Slovenia. BIOPOLYSY also aims to create jobs within Europe and enhance the competitiveness of EU industry through increasing public and industrial awareness of polygeneration technology. Further advantages of the BIOPOLYSY solution include the reduction of CO2 emissions (a major aim specified in several EU directives and the Kyoto Agreement).
56244	38441	STACCATO	Sustainable technologies and combined community approaches take off					2007-11-07	2012-11-06		FP6	€ 20,166,712.00	€ 8,013,499.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1	With the STACCATO project the three European capital cities Amsterdam, Budapest and Sofia, will demonstrate sustainable energy concepts in representative existing residential areas. Presently, the urban areas all facing technical arrears and a lack of social cohesion. Redevelopment is a unique opportunity to implement energy efficiency measures and renewable energy sources. STACCATO will result in more than 50% energy savings compared to a standard renovation project. Thus, the energy performances will even be better than the requirements for new housing projects. The building envelopes will be improved drastically resulting in healthy indoor climates and low energy bills. The heat distribution based energy infrastructure will be modernised. All three cities will integrate large solar thermal systems in their energy supply. Additionally Amsterdam introduces heat pumps and seasonal storage. Pivotal for realising ambitious goals is setting up a tight organisation of the redevelopment programmes.
56248	38604	SECESTTP	Supporting the development of a European solar thermal technology roadmap					2007-03-07	2010-03-06		FP6	€ 362,484.00	€ 323,965.00	0	0	0	0	FP6-SUSTDEV	SUSTDEV-1.1.1	The SecESTTP project is a Specific Support Action (SSA), which will set up a supporting structure called ‘Secretariat’ for the European Solar Thermal Technology Platform (ESTTP). The aim of the Secretariat (SecESTTP) is to support the different entities of the ESTTP by providing organisational support and information to the steering committee and working groups and ensure a smooth functioning of, and between these groups. The ESTTP aims at bringing together relevant stakeholders, mainly from R&D, solar thermal industry and the buildings sector, but also from policy, finance and other interested groups in order to develop the European Solar Thermal Technology Roadmap. This roadmap will comprise of: – European Solar Thermal Outlook 2030 – Strategic Research Agenda for the solar thermal sector – Reports on the solar thermal sector’s needs in terms of market deployment and framework conditions: – Research infrastructure – Skills and training – Raw materials and components
56459	286719	COOLSUN	Development of a tri-generation solar heating and COOLing System including the Use of the heat extracted from the adsorptioN chiller re-cooling circuit					2011-11-01	2013-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,470,790.52	€ 1,128,787.47	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2011-1	“About 400 solar cooling pilots have now been installed, tested, living and analyzed throughout Europe. Yet, none of them combines in a single integrated system the solar thermal tri-generation: sanitary water heating, space heating and space cooling. The on-going HighCombi project will result in a first tentative of such a concept. However, the partners of the COOLSUN project have already identified sources of comparative performance improvement, using the EnerSun system basis. To do so, the COOLSUN concept will combine : i)pure glycol stable in liquid phase at ambient pressure up to 170°C as the thermodynamic fluid, ii) a set of heat storage tanks, iii) an adsorption chiller delivering chilled water at 20°C to cool the building floor, which re-cooling extracted heat will be valorized and iv) a single intelligent control system performing solar energy injection on demand. The proposed concept has the potential to enable the full thermal autonomy to any inhabited building under the Mediterranean climate. This is why 5 SMEs from different southern European countries have asked Enersun, Honeywell, SWT, InvenSor and LNEG, acting as RTD Performers, to validate the technical and economical potential of this new solar heating and cooling system. In two years, the project objective is to develop, test and validate a prototype system that will optimize the thermal energy use, reaching a ready-for-industrialization system. The project will conclude on a public demonstration at the test site in the south-West of France. The coordinator, Enersun, is a research SME, whose Manager was already involved in a “”Research for the benefit of SMEs”” European project. Combined with industrial capacities of 2 manufacturing SMEs of the consortium, the COOLSUN system has a high potential to meet the market within short time beyond the project.”	none given	none given	none given
56528	327199	IQEOPV	Internal Quantum Efficiency limitations in Organic Photovoltaics					2013-04-16	2014-10-15	nan	FP7	€ 126,595.80	€ 126,595.80	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF	Organic photovoltaics (OPV) are emerging as a potential cheap route to convert solar energy into electricity due to recent progress in the field. The global energy need makes OPV a highly strategically relevant renewable energy approach for European research and industry as very low production costs are envisaged. However, higher power conversion efficiency is paramount for making these devices attractive for the market and a much better understanding of the current principal limitations is needed. The approach of this project is to identifying the dominant electrical limitations for OPVs, and currently disregards the more well-known optical limitations.We aim to accurately determine internal quantum efficiency as a function of both intensity and wavelength of the incident light and the applied voltage for a variety differently performing OPV cells based on selected materials and conditions. We will focus our investigation on the dominant recombination processes, the origin of their voltage and light intensity dependence and their relation to charge transfer states as link between geminate and non-geminate recombination. We aim to disentangle these recombination rates, to be able to better identify the dominant loss routes of charge carriers and to describe their impact on solar cell performance by reconstructing the experimental current-voltage characteristics. We also want to determine the properties affecting radiative and non radiative contributions to recombination by probing radiative quantum yield of charge transfer states and trap assisted recombination.By combining a new set of complementary electro-optical transient experiments, we aim to establish a detailed picture of the loss mechanisms for OPVs between active layer photon absorption and electrons flowing into the external circuit. The results of this project allow providing detailed feedback to both material synthesis and device manufacturing in view of optimizing the performance of OPVs.	none given	none given	none given
56572	622358	HYBRIDSOLAR	Morphology and Molecular Packing in Polymer-Nanocrystal Hybrid Solar Cells Revealed with Synchrotron X-ray Characterization and Other Techniques					2014-03-01	2016-02-29	nan	FP7	€ 173,370.60	€ 173,370.60	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IIF	Polymer-nanocrystal hybrid solar cells offer promise as a low-cost alternative to traditional solar cells due to their potential to combine the advantages of organic and inorganic materials to produce lightweight, flexible, and high-performance solar cells using low-cost solution processing. This project, which includes the first detailed synchrotron study of polymer-nanocrystal hybrid solar cells, will advance the understanding and performance of hybrid solar cells by demonstrating control of molecular packing and morphology in hybrid solar cells, correlating molecular packing and morphology with solar-cell properties and performance, and using the obtained knowledge to fabricate high-efficiency solar cells. The results will be of interest to researchers in a variety of fields and will be published in a series of high-impact journal articles and presented at materials science and chemistry conferences.The researcher will join the Solution-Processed Nanophotonic Devices (SPNP) group led by Professor Gerasimos Konstantatos at the Institute of Photonic Sciences (ICFO) in Castelldefels, Spain to complete this project. The SPNP group, an interdisciplinary team of physicists, chemists, and engineers, will share its knowledge of the design, synthesis, and modification of nanocrystals with the researcher. The researcher has extensive experience with organic solar cells and synchrotron characterization due to her research at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) as a PhD candidate at Stanford University and a postdoctoral researcher at Robert Bosch, LLC. The researcher will use her experience to perform the host group’s first synchrotron experiments and form lasting collaborations with SSRL and ALBA, a third generation synchrotron source less than 40 km from ICFO.	none given	none given	none given
56632	232349	EFISOL	Solar Thermal Cogeneration Plant based on Organic Rankin Cycle					2009-07-01	2011-06-30	nan	FP7	€ 1,521,716.20	€ 1,134,823.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-1	Strategic overall objective of the proposed project is to develop an efficient and cost effective small solar energy system for combined electrical energy power and hot water production that uses concentrated direct solar radiation as the primary energy source. In order to achieve these objectives we are presenting a concept that is based on the highly innovative integration of existing technologies, development of new thermo energetic components and advance guidance and control system implementation. All components will be integrated and optimized as an autonomous unmanned power production unit in a form of new commercial product, the EFISOL. EFISOL is therefore a combination of following key innovative technologies; – half linear Fresnel lens based concentrators – PCM (phase change materials) based heat storage tanks – ORC (Organic Rankin Cycle) cogeneration unit – Advanced control system This proposed system will be suitable for various small and medium energy consumers, it will be particularly well suited to those placed in ‘sunny areas’ such as MEDITERRANEAN AREA. Various types of energy consumers e.g. hotel resorts, campsites, industrial units, housing groups and energy producer entrepreneurs are targeted users. Proposed product will be able to produce renewable electrical energy and sell it directly to the power grids or use it for internal consumption purposes. This proposal will emphasize the most relevant issues to be addressed by this project. EC is investing large sums of money in Renewable Energy sources in order to increase the overall efficiency of technology, improve their cost benefit effects and finally gradually reduce incentives on renewables. To answer on that we are proposing development of a product that will still remain profitable even with lower el. energy incentives.	none given	none given	none given
56706	629222	QPorQPcQdaP	The Development of Quinoidal Porphyrins, Quinoidal Phthalocyanines, and Quinoidal Diazaporphyrins for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Into the Red					2014-03-01	2015-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 144,475.50	€ 144,475.50	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IIF	The development of novel materials is crucial to the improvement of solar cells. State-of-the-art dye-sensitized solar cells utilize “push-pull” porphyrin dyes (coded YD2-oC8) and have reported efficiencies up to 12.3%. However, YD2-oC8 and structurally similar dyes display limited to no absorption in the far red and near infrared regions of the solar spectrum. This region is where photon flux is at a maximum and improved absorption in this area should result in improved device efficiencies. We propose optimizing the under-studied quinoidal porphyrins and synthesizing novel quinoidal phthalocyanines and quinoidal diazaporphyrins to address the long wavelength absorption deficiencies of state-of-the-art porphyrin dyes. Quinoidal porphyrins have pronounced far-red/near infrared absorption and can be tuned similar to bona fide porphyrins. Pristine phthalocyanines already have adequate long wavelength absorption, but devices made from these dyes have low efficiencies as a result of strong dye aggregation. Quinoidal phthalocyanines should be non-planar similar to other large quinoidal species (exTTFs, porphyrins, etc.). This trait is proposed to lead to significantly reduced aggregation, improving the photophysical attributes, as well as the processability of phthalocyanines. The synthesis of the proposed dyes will help elucidate the importance of long wavelength absorption in dye-sensitized solar cells, shed light on the applicability of quinoidal porphyrinoid dyes and, in the long term, lead to higher efficiency solar cells. The applicant has extensive experience with the quinoidal porphyrins and is uniquely skilled to carry out this project.	none given	none given	none given
57052	911932	NoVoSiP	Nano-Voids in Strained Silicon for Plasmonics					2014-09-01	2015-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 15,000.00	€ 15,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF	The project aims at exploring the use of nanovoids and nanodots prepared as plasmonic structures to enhance the efficiency of Si single-crystalline photovoltaic (PV) devices. Fabrication and experimental investigation of plasmonic structures in strained Si/SiGe multilayered structures will be carried to enhance light harvesting in solar cells due to both near-field and far-field effects. The main idea behind the production of nanovoids and nanodots is based on the ability of compressively strained thin SiGe alloy layers, incorporated in a Si matrix during epitaxial growth, to collect small-sized molecules (H, He, C) or vacancies, induced by irradiation. Further, thermal treatment results in the formation of nano-voids which are strictly assembled within the strained SiGe layers. The following key processes will be used: Molecular beam epitaxy of strained Si/SiGe/Si structures followed by irradiation with light ions (hydrogen, carbon) and rapid thermal treatment. This structure will then be additionally used as a template for segregation and self-assembling of metallic or carbon nanodots. The fundamental investigations of the structural, optical and electronic properties of the strained Si/SiGe layers will be carried out with a range of available methods for structural, electronical and optical characterization. By placing the nanovoids and nanodots in a highly doped emitter layer close enough to the p-n-junction that the near-fields will extend into the depletion layer, the effects of near-fields will be obtained. This will give a contribution to the electron-hole pair generation, and this will be additional to the far field effects. Being formed periodically, strained layers with self-assembled nanovoids or nanodots will display fundamentally unusual electronic and optical properties. These effects have not previously been experimentally studied in a solar cell configuration. The present system offers a unique configuration for such investigation.	none given	none given	none given
57289	315131	ADIOS-RU	Advanced Design and Industrialization of Organic Sensitizers without Ruthenium for Dye Sensitised Solar cells					2012-11-01	2014-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,118,520.40	€ 865,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2012-1	Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) are a promising new generation of photovoltaic which have relatively high performance compared to silicon-based solar cells in many non-ideal light environments such as dim, diffuse and indoor light. They are on the verge of wide-scale commercialization but still face challenging issues to solve on long-term stability, materials cost and ability to recycle. Many of these issues are rooted in the liquid phase of the cell, the dye / electrolyte pairing. In particular, the reliance on the rare earth Ruthenium as the active constituent of the dye has strong implications on the raw material cost and could potentially be difficult to source in the long term. The ADIOS-Ru project aims to develop a suite of materials for highly stable, low cost DSSC with immediate commercialisation potential. Organic dyes have reached an advanced stage in laboratory development and the RTD partners will undergo selection, modification, analysis and stability improvement tasks in order to provide the SME partners with a low cost alternative to the universally used Ruthenium dye. An ionic liquid electrolyte with tailored properties to support the dye performance will be selected and developed. The SME partners will aid in materials validation, accelerated stability testing amd lab to industrial scaling of production, and design and validate a DSSC device tuned specifically for the dye/electrolyte combination. The RTD performers in the consortium are leading European institutes in the field of DSSC, with numerous publications and patents relating to the development of the technology. The SMEs are the furthest advanced value chain members in the DSSC market, and therefore have the industrial capability to quickly exploit the results of this project. The SMEs have complementary, non-conflicting roles in the supply of materials for DSSC and the production of the final devices, and will work in cooperation to build European leadership in the DSSC market.	none given	none given	none given
57348	629370	DIELECTRIC PV	Advanced light trapping with dielectric micro-particle self-assembled arrays for low-cost and high-performance thin film solar cells					2014-11-01	2016-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 153,330.00	€ 153,330.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF	A novel light trapping approach will be developed to enhance the absorption of thin film silicon (Si) solar cells using periodic arrangements of resonant dielectric micro-particles (DMPs) with dimensions on the other of the illuminating wavelengths. The main goal is to construct prototype cells that show enhanced sunlight-to-electricity conversion efficiency due to the action of DMP arrays incorporated on their transparent top contact.The strategy investigated here deals with advanced optical concepts that allow the manipulation and concentration of light in ways that can greatly surpass conventional geometrical optics or sub-wavelength plasmonics, by employing wavelength-sized dielectric scatterers. Therefore, the results of this work should not only broaden the understanding of the scientific community in the field of physical optics, but also foster the interest of the photovoltaics community towards light trapping with DMPs, a topic that is currently still under germination.The project will involve computational and experimental work executed in parallel in the Portuguese host institution CENIMAT-I3N, a world-renowned nanotechnology center in the area of functional materials. The computational studies will be performed using a finite-elements-method software (COMSOL) to optimize the physical parameters of the DMPs that allow maximum photocurrent enhancement in the Si cell material. The DMP structures will be then fabricated in laboratory using colloidal self-assembly combined with lithographic processes, and implemented in solar cells grown by plasmon-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.The work will be performed in close collaboration with the Italian institute IMM-CNR, a top microelectronics center where the candidate is currently working as a Marie Curie ITN Experienced Researcher. Therefore, the project shall nourish a new partnership between CENIMAT and IMM which is likely to be extended to other research and industrial partners in the European Union.	none given	none given	none given
57355	251542	LASER-CONNECT	Ultrafast laser processing of thin film interconnections in microelectronic, display, and photovoltaic applications					2010-06-01	2014-05-31	nan	FP7	€ 649,269.00	€ 649,269.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IAPP	Laser-Connect connects fundamental studies of ultrafast laser matter interactions with demand-driven high volume electronics production. The project is highly relevant to the development of new intelligent laser-based manufacturing systems in Europe targeting touch panel interactive screens, high density circuit boards for hand-held electronics, and other photovoltaic technologies. The project brings together a recently established high growth rate UK company engaged in laser systems development, its sister company engaged in system integration in Asia, and an Irish academic research group engaged in laser material ambient interactions. The objectives of the project are to generate improved understanding of laser-material interactions, develop new concepts in optical design and process control, and to demonstrate new processes for emerging thin film electronic materials and devices. The technical challenges of creating channels in thin film coatings on glass and flexible organic substrates, cutting tracks and drilling vias in high density multi-layer circuit boards, and etching isolation tracks for photovoltaics, over large areas, at high speed, with micron precision, are appreciable. The partners are committed to realising these goals by extensive knowledge transfer. Laser-Connect proposes 54 intersectoral fellowship months, with 40% involving early stage, 38% involving experienced and 22% involving more experienced researchers. Three researchers will be recruited to prepare and enhance impact of secondments. In addition to normal dissemination, the partners will communicate results at two regional workshops in years 2 and 4.	none given	none given	none given
57367	285897	INDUCIS	Development and industrial implementation of cost effective advanced CIGS photovoltaic technologies					2011-09-01	2015-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 794,000.00	€ 794,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IAPP	The objective of this project is the interchange of knowledge and the establishment of cooperative synergies between the research and industrial sectors that are required for the development and industrial implementation of advanced photovoltaic (PV) technologies for the fabrication of low cost high efficiency Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGS) thin-film solar cells and modules. The project aims exploiting the potential of CIGS based cells for achieving high efficiency devices together with that of electrodeposition (ED) based processes for the low cost industrial implementation of PV technologies. Increase of the competitiveness of these technologies requires for a significant effort in the improvement of the efficiency of the devices, which in turn implies the need for a detailed characterisation of the processes and the identification of the main loss mechanisms in the cells.The main scientific objectives of the project are: a) to decrease the gap in the efficiency of ED-based solar cells in relation to that of devices fabricated with conventional higher cost PVD techniques and b) to improve the production yield and throughput by the implementation of quality control and process monitoring techniques. For this, a consortium formed by a research institute (IREC) and a company (NEXCIS) with strongly complementary competences and scientific background is defined. In this consortium, the strong experience of the group at the NEXCIS company on the development and industrial scale-up of ED based CIGS PV technologies is complemented by the solid background and maturity of IREC on the advanced characterisation of heterostructures and processes in CIGS thin film technologies, and on the application of Raman scattering based techniques for process analysis and monitoring. The consortium covers a broad range of expertises in deposition methods, thin film devices, materials and devices characterization, and looks forward manufacturing and industrial production objectives	none given	none given	none given
57387	269167	PVICOKEST	INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE PROGRAMME FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC KESTERITE BASED TECHNOLOGIES					2011-03-01	2015-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 180,500.00	€ 180,500.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IRSES	The key objective of this multidisciplinary project is to intensify and consolidate cooperation between research groups from member states and Third countries on topics of synergy in research, innovation, sharing common expertise and technology transfer in the area of photovoltaic, more specifically in Kesterite materials. This project will provide the possibility to the involved research organizations, to reinforce their research cooperation on the long term. They will establish through this joint program, new opportunities for a further exploration of solar cell materials science, which plays nowadays a critical role in the implementation of technologies into area of photovoltaic devices. In this sense, the project aims to investigate absorber materials for thin film solar cells that only contain abundant and non-toxic elements as a contribution to a sustainable energy economy. Currently, earth-abundant copper-zinc-tin-chalcogenide kesterites Cu2ZnSn(Se,S)4, are potential alternatives for the two leading technologies Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) (CIGS) and CdTe, reaching promising efficiencies over 9.6% . The obtained knowledge of these materials will help to understand their physics and give routes to engineer technologies of growing of structural perfect crystals, films and devices on their base. There is still a large need for an ample scientific study in order to support a future implementation of kesterites in the European industry. This multidisciplinary project comprises research activities in materials science and physics and includes the structural, optical and transport characterization of kesterite films and crystals. Throughout the exchange program the individual expertise available at the partners will be combined to study kesterites that are especially appropriate for use as materials for high-efficient, ecologically lovely and low-cost photovoltaic devices. Finally all ideas/developments will be turned into one device that will find applications in photovoltaics	none given	none given	none given
57392	241378	HELATHIS	High Efficient Very Large Area Thin Film Silicon Photovoltaic Modules					2010-01-01	2012-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,132,528.60	€ 2,108,152.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2009.2.1.1	Recent photovoltaic market trends point to an increased market share of thin film technologies in addition to an increased volume of module production. In particular for amorphous silicon (a-Si) and microcrystalline silicon (uc-Si) this is driven by the recently increased availability of large area deposition systems from different equipment suppliers. The present project identifies optical light confinement as a key point to increase module efficiency. The optimization of the properties of Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) layers at the front contact and the back reflector have to be achieved for large area deposition. Additionally, methods for the reduction of reflection losses at the front glass shall be developed. This optimization has to be done, on the one hand, for single a-Si cell modules and, on the other hand, for modules with a-Si/u-Si tandem structures, where, in the latter case, also an intermediate reflector has to be considered. Objective of the project is to push the implementation of optical layers as part of adapted thin film silicon solar cells into large scale production facilities.	none given	none given	none given
57431	286513	CESAR	Cost-Effective Solar AiR conditioning					2011-12-01	2013-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 985,458.50	€ 672,100.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2011-1	“Summer electricity use is growing year upon year, mainly due to air conditioning (AC) demand. Electricity grids are increasingly experiencing problems during the hottest summer days, to deal with the increasing demand of electricity from air conditioning systems.Absorption cooling can be a solution to this growing problem, as it can supply cooling from a heating source, with only a very small electricity input (negligible) in comparison with traditional AC systems. Due to the use of renewable energies such as solar thermal or other residual/waste energy as heat source, the primary energy consumption is much lower than with conventional chillers.However, solar cooling technology has a lot of barriers that delay the penetration of absorption machines in the market. The most important is the high costs of absorption chillers, as well as lack of standardization, market familiarity and compatibility with building design methodologies. The fact that all absorption machines based on LiBr technology currently in the market need a cooling tower is also a barrier for absorption chillers market acceptance.The objective of the CESAR project is to develop a small scale, low cost absorption cooling unit, with efficient ambient air heat dissipation and which can use renewable heat sources and therefore have a minimum electricity use.This goal will be achieved by:- Use of new working fluids and fabrication materials never used in commercial absorption chillers, more efficient and cost-effective than commonly used alternatives- Development of efficient, compact, cost-effective and simplified heat exchangers- Development of control systems for efficient operation of the absorption machine- Development of a friendly-use design tool for installers and planners in order to design and dimension solar cooling installations with the new absorption machine in an easy way”	none given	none given	none given
57542	295660	SOLARBREW	Solar Brewing the Future					2012-02-01	2016-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 4,894,032.80	€ 2,628,572.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2011.4.1-2	The objective of the project is to demonstrate the technical and economical feasibility of large-scale solar thermal system integration in the brewing industry for the first time. Brewing and malting processes are especially suitable to be supplied by solar thermal systems since basically all required processes are in the temperature range between 50°C and 100°C.Three large-scale solar thermal systems are going to be applied at three different sites: in one drying process of a malting plant, at one mashing process of a brewery and one pasteurizing process of a brewery. The total installed capacity of the three plants is going to be 5.08 MWth, corresponding to 7,270 m² of collector area. Besides the different processes also different climatic zones were chosen for the solar thermal systems in order to evaluate the performance of the plants under different solar radiation conditions. The objective is to have good examples and best practices for the brewing sector which can act as the basis for the large-scale market deployment of the huge potential of the solar thermal source in the whole beverage sector.Special efforts are going to be devoted to an integrated approach combining energy efficiency measures in the brewing and malting processes itself and advanced solar integration concepts, which are adapted to the special requirements of these processes.Special requirements of the type and size of solar thermal systems relate to stagnation behaviour, collector field hydraulics and an intelligent heat storage management in combination with the related batch processes.Based on the operation experience and the monitoring results the so called “Green brewery sector concept” will be developed. This sector concept will serve as basis for a broad European wide training and dissemination programme, which is going to take place for the energy manager of all breweries of the HEINEKEN group, solar experts and energy consultants.	none given	none given	none given
57634	626117	ACTIVRENERGY	Active Balancing Power Converters for Photovoltaic Energy Systems					2014-11-06	2016-11-05	nan	FP7	€ 166,336.20	€ 166,336.20	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF	The project is within the framework of power electronics applications for photovoltaic (PV) energy systems, which play a key role in the generation and storage of carbon-free energy.The main objective of the project is the development of new, smart PV modules, enhanced thanks to the intelligent useof power electronics devices. These power electronics devices replace bypass diodes and allow differential power processing between submodules (or substrings) in order to mitigate mismatch effects due to partial shading, soiling, temperature gradients, manufacturing tolerances and ageing. As a result, the proposed smart PV modules will be virtually immune to mismatch and will be able to operate during more years. This will increase the energy yield of PV systems, while decreasing cost and easing the operation of downstream power electronics.The proposal focuses (i) on the development of a comprehensive cell-level simulation tool for the prediction and evaluation of the advantages of the new PV modules and their optimal design, and (ii), on the high-power density realization of the power electronic devices, considering the results of objective (i).	none given	none given	none given
57677	625840	JUMPKEST	JUnction iMProved KESTerite based solar cells for cost efficient sustainable photovoltaic technologies					2015-01-15	2017-01-14	nan	FP7	€ 173,370.60	€ 173,370.60	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF	Kesterite based solar cells are emerging devices with a strong interest for the development of high efficiency and low cost sustainable photovoltaic (PV) technologies. Kesterites are quaternary compounds with a crystalline structure very similar to that of chalcopyrites (CIGS: Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2). In contrast to CIGS – where the potential for high mass production is compromised by the scarcity of In and, to a lower extend, also Ga – they are only constituted by abundant elements.Although rapid progress has been achieved for this innovative technology in the recent years, record devices are still significantly below their chalcopyrite counterparts. Up to now, kesterite technologies have simply adapted cell designs from their chalcopyrite relatives, namely the chemical bath deposited CdS buffer and ZnO window layer. Recent findings reveal that one main limiting factor for kesterite solar cells is interface recombination at the still not optimized absorber / buffer junction.The aim of this project is to develop a deep study on the optimization of this junction, in order to achieve a significant increase in the efficiency of the devices by the use of buffer materials better adapted to the kesterite band structure. Within this scope, an in-depth analysis of state-of-the-art kesterite solar cells with respect to efficiency limiting dominant recombination paths and the buffer/absorber junction will be employed. Traditional and innovative opto-electronic techniques such as photoluminescence, Raman-based spectroscopy, temperature dependent IV- and surface photovoltage analysis will help to reveal and quantify performance limitations due to a non-optimum junction. With the aid of numerical simulation tools successfully implemented for chalcopyrite solar cells the whole solar cell design will be reconsidered with special focus on alternative buffer layers such as In2S3 or Zn(O,S).	none given	none given	none given
57769	614623	MULTISCOPE	Multidimensional Ultrafast Time-Interferometric Spectroscopy of Coherent Phenomena in all Environments					2014-04-01	2019-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,669,124.00	€ 2,669,124.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-CG-2013-PE4	“We propose to develop and apply novel methods of nonlinear spectroscopy to investigate the significance and consequences of coherent effects for a variety of photophysical and photochemical molecular processes. We will use coherent two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy as an ideal tool to study electronic coherences.Quantum mechanics as described by the Schrödinger equation is fully coherent: The phase of a wavefunction evolves deterministically in the time-dependent case. However, observations are restricted to reduced “systems” coupled to an “environment.” The resulting transition from coherent to incoherent behavior on an ultrafast timescale has many yet unexplored consequences, e.g. for transport in photosynthesis, photovoltaics or other molecular “nanomaterials.”In contrast to conventional 2D spectroscopy, we will not measure the coherently emitted field within a four-wave mixing process but rather implement a range of incoherent observables (ion mass spectra, fluorescence, and photoelectrons). Yet we can still extract all the desired information using “phase cycling” with collinear pulse sequences from a femtosecond pulse shaper. This opens up a new range of interdisciplinary experiments and will allow for the first time a direct nonlinear-spectroscopic comparison of molecular systems in all states of matter. Specifically, we will realize 2D spectroscopy in molecular beams, liquids, low-temperature solids, and on surfaces including heterogeneous and nanostructured samples. Tuning the external couplings will help elucidating the role of the environment in electronic (de)coherence phenomena.Furthermore, we will combine 2D spectroscopy with subdiffraction spatial resolution using photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM). This enables us to map transport in molecular aggregates and other heterogeneous nanosystems in time and space on a nanometer length scale. Thus we access the intersection between the domains of electronics and nanophotonics.”	none given	none given	none given
57793	605502	PLUS-MOBY	Premium Low weight Urban Sustainable e-MOBilitY					2013-09-01	2016-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,506,686.00	€ 2,347,648.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-TRANSPORT	GC.SST.2013-3.	The Plus-Moby project is focused to the implementation of low cost and low energy intensity technologies to manufacture premium four wheel fully electrical micro vehicles (450-650kg and speeds up to 90+ km/h)) that can be upgraded to M1 configurations.•Technologies and methodologies developed in previous calls of the EU Green Car will be implemented in terms of low aero-drag and safe structural designs, system integration on powertrain, batteries, solar panels, energy management (Wide-Mob and P-MOB), design criteria to reduce electromagnetic emissions (EM-safety), customer demand (Capire,ICT4FEV).•Weight is optimised to satisfy maximum stability in all weather conditions including high lateral wind.•Materials and systems are selected to assure the highest EURONCAP standards applied in conventional cars for both front and lateral crashes. Safety cells concepts will be introduced with low cost structures based on the combination of pure retainable and self-adaptable mechanics.• Starting from a prototype having an energy consumption already demonstrated at 65Wh/km in the NEDC cycle, further reduction of energy consume is expected by enhancing the performance under pure electrical braking.•Altogether the average energy consume is expected to be lower than 40Wh/km in the NEDC cycle with most of the days fully run by solar radiation only in most southern EU countries.•The two motor electric powertrain addressed, which has been demonstrated to have the highest fail safe mode, within Plus-Moby it will be demonstrated to emulate, and for certain extent replace, both the ABS and ESP expensive systems.• The technology addressed will be implemented with low cost and easy to access manufacturing technologies.• A relevant role is given to SMEs and regional SMEs clusters to assure competing speed and commitment.• The partnership is organised in such a way that a new era of easy to produce low cost but high performance micro e-vehicles is opened across all EU countries.	none given	none given	none given
57803	237411	ECPM	Computational modelling of electromagnetic control of melt flows and heat/mass transfer during manufacturing of bulk photovoltaic materials					2009-08-01	2010-07-31	nan	FP7	€ 0.00	€ 121,110.23	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008	This is a continuation of our experimental and numerical study of instabilities of melt flows in Czochralski growth of optical oxide crystals, which we plan to extend for bulk growth of photovoltaic materials. Our general target is a full-scale computational modeling of a bulk crystal growth technological process. The research is based on state-of-the-art numerical codes, and experimental and numerical results, which were developed and obtained in our previous studies, in which we established cooperation between Tel-Aviv University (Israel), University of Nottingham (UK) and Institute of Crystal Growth (Berlin, Germany). Our recent results posed new unanswered questions and problems, which are being addressed now. This application is assumed to cover the expenses of a one year stay of Israeli PI in University of Nottingham. The computational codes we developed, as well as setups built for experimental modeling allow us to extend the study to other monocristalline materials. In the present project we wish to focus on manufacturing of photovoltaic materials needed for wider and more effective utilization of solar energy. In the framework of the project the model experimental studies will be continued in Tel-Aviv University, the computational codes will be developed in University of Nottingham by joined efforts of UK and Israeli PIs, crystal growth experiments and the heaviest computations will be carried out in Berlin. The numerical codes will be extended to include additional physical effects and to be able to run fully 3D simulations thus reflecting real growth conditions.	none given	none given	none given
57849	252179	HJSC	Hierarchical Junction Solar Cells: Theory guides Experiements					2010-08-01	2013-07-31	nan	FP7	€ 337,093.80	€ 337,093.80	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IOF	Light harvesting and the conversion of solar energy into other usable forms of energy is currently one of the most challenging topics on the field of renewable energy. Different possible scenarios exist to achieve this goal, some are based on solar thermal power and others on a variety of pathways for artificial photosynthesis. Perhaps the most promising approach is based on direct conversion of solar energy into electric current using photovoltaic cells. Needless to say, any significant advancement in cheap, accessible, photovoltaic technology will have a tremendous impact on the world energy economy. The overall goal of this proposal is to develop enabling technology needed to realize breakthrough photo-conversion efficiencies for nanostructured thin film photovoltaic systems. We will meet this goal through fundamental physical understanding of the kinetic and photo-physical processes involved in the conversion of solar radiation into useful electrical current for these systems. Building on this understanding will enable the development of new nanoscale materials, device structures, and interconnection schemes that will transcend the limitations of current devices providing for efficiencies to support new classes of all-inorganic solar cell devices. At the heart of the present program is the collaborative experimental (Berkeley host) – theoretical (PI) scientific effort. We believe that the field of renewable energy calls for such a close, fruitful, and fertilizing program. It will generate new ideas, thoughts, and directions required for a major paradigm shift in these systems. Furthermore, it will open novel directions for fundamental and applicable research for years to come.	none given	none given	none given
57889	221165	LIFORGANICPV	Investigation of interfacial structure of buried inorganic-organic interfaces in organic photovoltaics — LiF at organic-cathode interface					2008-07-01	2010-06-30	nan	FP7	€ 159,828.87	€ 159,828.87	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	PEOPLE-2007-4-2.IIF	In order to improve the efficiency of organic microelectronic devices, there has to be a better understanding of both the connection between the crystalline structure and device performance, and the role that the organic/organic and inorganic/organic interfaces play in determining that structure. The main objective of the proposed research project is understanding the role of structure in solar cell efficiency and using control of that structure to produce a device with improved efficiency. In order to reach that goal, the work is aimed at establishing the structure of LiF on the surface of an ordered organic thin film, exploring the impact of deposition of LiF on the order of the underlying organic molecule, and relating any changes in structure near the interface to device performance. The intention would be to produce a small molecule solar cell with improved power efficiency achieved by modification of the organic/inorganic interfacial order.	none given	none given	none given
58302	625064	VISTA-CARB	VISIBLE LIGHT MEDIATED CARBONYLATIONS					2014-07-01	2016-06-30	nan	FP7	€ 223,778.40	€ 223,778.40	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF	The present proposal aims to develop a sustainable reaction methodology to expand the current scope of carbonylative couplings using sunlight and organic (metal-free) dyes. The planned activities are at the interfaces of photophysical, organic synthetic, and technological studies. Two novel chemical concepts are proposed: i) the use of available and reactive gases, such as carbon monoxide, for the synthesis of organic intermediates and fine chemicals via photo-redox methodology using visible light as the most abundant energy source, and ii) the development of two-photon processes for the activation of hitherto unreactive organic halides by visible light. To achieve these objectives, we will initially focus our studies on visible-light mediated photo-redox functionalizations of simple arenederivatives with common nucleophiles and study appropriate organic photocatalysts under carbon monoxide atmosphere. Secondly, light upconversion processes (from mid-VIS to high-energy VIS and near-UV) will be evaluated toward the photo-redox activation of sigma-bonds (i.e. in aryl bromides) that lie outside the energy window of the primary irradiation wavelength. We will apply such methodology to novel synthetic carbonylations which result in the formation of various industrially relevant benzoate, phenone, and chalcone derivatives. Finally, commercial microflow reactors will be equipped with a transparent reaction chamber in order to demonstrate the potential of the combination of photo-redox and high-pressure methodologies for continuous synthesis. Both concepts rely upon high dispersion and rapid mixing, so that microreactors contribute to the overall reactivity.	none given	none given	none given
58388	336679	FOPS-water	Fundamentals Of Photocatalytic Splitting of Water					2014-03-01	2019-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 1,498,800.00	€ 1,498,800.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-PE4	Hydrogen produced by sunlight is a very promising, environmentally-friendly energy source as an alternative for increasingly scarce and polluting fossil fuels. Since the discovery of hydrogen production by photocatalytic water dissociation on a titanium dioxide (TiO2) electrode 40 years ago, much research has been aimed at increasing the process efficiency. Remarkably, insights into how water is bound to the catalyst and into the dynamics of the photodissociation reaction, have been scarce up to now, due to the lack of suitable techniques to interrogate water at the interface. The aim of this proposal is to provide these insights by looking at specifically the molecules at the interface, before, during and after their photo-reaction. With the surface sensitive spectroscopic technique sum-frequency generation (SFG) we can determine binding motifs of the ~monolayer of water at the interface, quantify the heterogeneity of the water molecules at the interface and follow changes in water molecular structure and dynamics at the interface during the reaction. The structure of interfacial water will be studied using steady-state SFG; the dynamics of the water photodissociation will be investigated using pump-SFG probe spectroscopy. At variable delay times after the pump pulse the probe pulses will interrogate the interface and detect the reaction intermediates and products. Thanks to recent developments of SFG it should now be possible to determine the structure of water at the TiO2 interface and to unravel the dynamics of the photodissocation process. These insights will allow us to relate the interfacial TiO2-water structure and dynamics to reactivity of the photocatalyst, and to bridge the gap between the fundamentals of the process at the molecular level to the efficiency of the photocatalys. The results will be essential for developing cheaper and more efficient photocatalysts for the production of hydrogen.	none given	none given	none given
58414	298932	NoVoSiP	Nano-Voids in Strained Silicon for Plasmonics					2012-07-01	2014-06-30	nan	FP7	€ 318,514.60	€ 318,514.60	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF	The project aims at exploring the use of nanovoids and nanodots prepared as plasmonic structures to enhance the efficiency of Si single-crystalline photovoltaic (PV) devices. Fabrication and experimental investigation of plasmonic structures in strained Si/SiGe multilayered structures will be carried to enhance light harvesting in solar cells due to both near-field and far-field effects. The main idea behind the production of nanovoids and nanodots is based on the ability of compressively strained thin SiGe alloy layers, incorporated in a Si matrix during epitaxial growth, to collect small-sized molecules (H, He, C) or vacancies, induced by irradiation. Further, thermal treatment results in the formation of nano-voids which are strictly assembled within the strained SiGe layers. The following key processes will be used: Molecular beam epitaxy of strained Si/SiGe/Si structures followed by irradiation with light ions (hydrogen, carbon) and rapid thermal treatment. This structure will then be additionally used as a template for segregation and self-assembling of metallic or carbon nanodots. The fundamental investigations of the structural, optical and electronic properties of the strained Si/SiGe layers will be carried out with a range of available methods for structural, electronical and optical characterization. By placing the nanovoids and nanodots in a highly doped emitter layer close enough to the p-n-junction that the near-fields will extend into the depletion layer, the effects of near-fields will be obtained. This will give a contribution to the electron-hole pair generation, and this will be additional to the far field effects. Being formed periodically, strained layers with self-assembled nanovoids or nanodots will display fundamentally unusual electronic and optical properties. These effects have not previously been experimentally studied in a solar cell configuration. The present system offers a unique configuration for such investigation.	none given	none given	none given
58440	314596	PITAGORAS	Sustainable urban Planning with Innovative and low energy Thermal And power Generation fröm Residual And renewable Sources					2013-11-01	2017-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 14,357,143.47	€ 8,364,785.97	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2012.8.8.2	The project is focused on efficient integration of city districts with industrial parks through smart thermal grids. The overall objective of the project is to demonstrate a highly replicable, cost-effective and high energy efficiency large scale energy generation system that will allow sustainable urban planning of very low energy city districts.The main focus of the project is medium (150-400ºC) and low (30-150ºC) temperature waste heat recovery from industry and its use for energy supply to cities.The following systems and concepts will be developed:- Waste heat recovery systems- Organic Rankine Cycle for heat and power generation- Thermal energy storage systems (short and long-term)- Optimized thermal energy distribution network (low temperature thermal grids)- Solar thermal energy- Optimized integration of new technologies and concepts developed and state-of-the-art renewable energy systems- Innovative tools for efficient energy management of the systemThe concept of the project will be demonstrated at two different European cities: Brescia (Italy) and Graz (Austria).- Demonstration plant in Brescia: medium/high temperature waste heat recovery (600ºC) from a steel foundry and ORC unit (2,1 MWe) for heat and power generation. District heating to a city district nearby.- Demonstration plant in Graz: Seasonal thermal energy storage system for the management of the surplus waste heat in the city thermal network. Solar thermal energy (10.000m2) as support energy system, increasing the RES contribution in the city of Graz from 0,5% to 0,9%. Heat supply to a residential area nearby.	none given	none given	none given
58442	239288	PIME’S	CONCERTO communities towards optimal thermal and electrical efficiency of buildings and districts, based on MICROGRIDS					2009-12-01	2014-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 18,095,488.71	€ 10,825,320.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2008.8.4.1	PIME’s is a CONCERTO joint proposal from Salburua community in Vitoria (ES), Dale community in Sandnes (NO) and Szentendre community in Szentendre (HU). The three communities will work together on RTD, demonstration and dissemination in order to maximise the effect of the measures implanted and the impact of the individual projects. The project has 14 partners from 4 countries. The proposal unites around some central principles, being the implementation of large scale solar thermal and associated heat storage, the application of intelligent energy management through microgrids and the development of new ESCO models by increase ownership of the inhabitants.	none given	none given	none given
58472	326579	HIMAMIS	Highly mismatched alloys to implement multiband solar cells					2013-03-21	2015-10-29	nan	FP7	€ 230,036.60	€ 230,036.60	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF	As it is well-known, it is a fact that one of the biggest problems that concern the current world is relative to the high energy consumption. This proposal is relative to the solar cell, in special with the third generation. This new generation of solar cells is created to obtain high efficiency and low cost conversion devices. Therefore, they are a potential component for the future. The proposal presents the know-how for the design, growth and improvement of the multiband solar cell. So far, this kind of solar cells are a specific topic of the Renewable Energies in the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7). However, despite a considerable effort of many research groups, there was no evidence of a working multiband photovoltaic device. Recently, the applicant, within a group at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in the USA, has designed, grown, tested and demonstrated the first multiband device, growing by dilute nitrogen, and being this concept the transfer technology relate to this proposal. Relying on the technological capabilities of the host institution, its deep knowledge on nanotechnology and its recent activities on new efficient solar cells, the new incorporated know-how will boost the activities of host institution to the topmost frontier of knowledge and development within the solar energy field.	none given	none given	none given
58473	268445	WATERSPLIT	Modular Ligands for Water Splitting					2011-09-01	2014-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 45,000.00	€ 45,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG	This project aims at addressing several key issues in the highly importance and challenged topic of water splitting by solar energy, an alternative energy source. Additionally, the designed systems will provide a starting point explore further catalytic applications. Its originality and timeliness lies in the design and study of two highly modular families of ligands which will be use as platforms to get insights and key features to enlarge the reactivity, such as: the basic geometrical and electronic parameters, the modification of the second coordination sphere, presence of multi-metallic systems among others.	none given	none given	none given
58475	229927	BIOSOLENUTI	Bio-inspired Solar Energy Utilization					2009-05-01	2012-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,115,795.00	€ 995,521.60	0	0	0	0	FP7-REGPOT	REGPOT-2008-1-01	Upgrading the RTD capacity and capability of Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry (LBIC), training of research staff, improvement of research management, scientific equipment as well as the quality of research for a bio-inspired solar energy utilization. Improvement of the potential of the LBIC to participate in FP7 projects by a better integration in the European Research Area. Molecular systems that mimic the photoconversion steps of photosynthesis have been synthesized using complex and costly sequences of chemical reactions. Yet, modular systems that avoid these difficulties by self-assembling into complete artificial photosynthetic systems remain largely unknown. The design and development of light-harvesting, photoconversion, and catalytic modules capable of self-ordering and self-assembling into an integrated functional unit will make it possible to realize an efficient artificial photosynthetic system for solar fuels production. Achieving the goal of producing a functional integrated artificial photosynthetic system for efficient solar fuels production requires: (1) developing innovative architectures for coupling light-harvesting, photoredox, and catalytic components; (2) understanding the relationships between electronic communication and the molecular interactions responsible for self-assembly; and (3) understanding and controlling the reactivity of hybrid molecular materials on many length scales. In order to achieve a new contribution, the deep knowledge in details of the already mentioned by this multidisciplinary variety of impact is needed. And this is the answer to the question “why this contribution requires a European (rather than a national or local) approach”. The acceptance of the BIOSOLENUTI will push our work-team to interact in a respectable and reciprocal way with other national or international research activities in this attracting research area.	none given	none given	none given
58478	302236	CASi-CVD	Stable Unsaturated Silicon Clusters as Nucleation Sites in Solution and the Gas Phase					2012-04-01	2014-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 174,475.20	€ 174,475.20	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF	Amorphous silicon (a-Si) is an important industrial material. It is used widely in electronic devices such as thin-film transistors (TFTs). Solar energy generation also relies heavily on a-Si for mass produced photovoltaic cells. Amorphous silicon is prepared via chemical vapour deposition (CVD) from silanes (e.g. SiH4), in which small, unsaturated silicon clusters are short-lived gas-phase intermediates. Significantly, such clusters are incorporated into the bulk a-Si and are critical in determining fundamental properties of the material, such as optical and electronic band-gaps. Crucial details of structure and bonding in these clusters are elusive.We propose to build on the emerging chemistry of isolable, stable unsaturated silicon clusters. Using a novel systematic synthetic approach, we will prepare stable unsaturated silicon cluster compounds as models for the unsaturated clusters present in CVD processes. We will exploit the reactivity of these compounds to use them as solution-phase nucleation sites for cluster expansion. The electronic and photo-physical characteristics of these compounds will be investigated, shedding light on the analytically elusive clusters present in a-Si.We will use unsaturated silicon clusters as gas-phase nucleation sites for the CVD of a-Si (Cluster Assisted Silicon CVD – CASi-CVD). By depositing a-Si from gas phase mixtures of silanes and our novel clusters we will be able to control the concentration and properties of the residual unsaturated clusters in the a-Si produced. Improved control over these parameters is directly relevant to industry: it would allow improved materials for semi-conducting electronics and solar-energy generation. Such advances would increase the global competitiveness of the EU.The fellow will gain high quality training in main group chemistry and materials chemistry (deposition of a-Si) as well as complementary skills training that will equip the fellow for a top level independent research career.	none given	none given	none given
58480	606632	E-SIGNAGE-D	Viability verification and market launch preparations for outdoor electronic message board displays					2014-01-01	2015-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 2,965,773.00	€ 1,771,870.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2013-3	The aim of the E-Signage Demo project is to explore the market potential and prepare the market launch of a widely usable outdoor electronic signage and message board (OEMB) display module based on a fundamentally new display technology in combination with transparent electrode front-plane layers. As an example, the OEMB display module can integrated into OEMB device that consists of a display module, power supply i.e. a solar cell system, GPRS modules, software, and is used for transmitting visual information.The demo-project draws on the outcomes of a successful FP7 project E-SIGNAGE (Nov. 2011- April 2013) where the partners developed a low-cost, durable, high brightness and contrast level, energy efficient (bi-stable; no backlight needed), high information content two colour electronic outdoor message board device that is able to receive data via GSM communication and uses solar energy as a power source. However, usage possibilities of the display module that was developed as a part of the OEMB device under E-SIGNAGE are not limited with the original OEMB device structure. Therefore in order to have a wider applications possibility and through this a wider impact on the SME participants / overall market, current project partners are focusing on exploring its extended market potential. This exploration will be followed up by viability verification and market launch preparation activities for reducing the gap between the OEMB display module developed by E-SIGNAGE and the market.	none given	none given	none given
58481	293449	QUANTUM BIOTECH	QUANTUM PHENOMENA IN BIOLOGY: THEORY AND EXPERIMENTS TOWARDS NOVEL SOLAR ENERGY QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES					2011-11-01	2015-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 100,000.00	€ 100,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG	Nowadays, the alarming trends in global energy demand and the finite nature of conventional oil and natural gas reserves are unavoidably leading to the urgency of finding and timely developing new renewable energy technologies, by facilitating also participation by qualified researchers. In this context, quantum biology is a new strategically important and rapidly developing research field, whose practical implementations will be crucial for novel and more powerful solar energy ‘quantum’ technologies and for the creation of a European knowledge-based bioeconomy.Here, we will investigate theoretically and experimentally the role of quantum effects in biology, especially in natural photosynthesis, by studying theoretical models of energy transport in quantum complex networks and testing them by means of designed experiments based on quantum optical simulators, cold atoms in optical lattices, and ultra-fast laser spectroscopy on natural and artificial light-harvesting biomolecules. It will allow us, first of all, to have a deeper understanding of how Nature has been exploiting, since billions of years, quantum coherence and environmental noise to get very efficient and robust energy transfer in photosynthesis, and, even more desirably, to design new clean energy structures and light-harvesting molecular geometries, leading to future ‘quantum’ solar cells more efficient than today’s photovoltaic ones.Finally, it will help the Researcher, Dr. F. Caruso, whose previous expertise makes him very well suited for this project, to be reintegrated for the first time in his own country, at LENS in Florence, after a period of mobility of three years in foreign countries (UK, Germany), to have his own research budget, to set up an independent team, to transfer his knowledge in quantum biology (acquired abroad) making a pioneering contribution to Italian science and establishing himself as a leader there, with very promising prospects of a permanent academic position in Florence.	none given	none given	none given
58482	610692	INNOSTORAGE	USE OF INNOVATIVE THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE FOR MARKED ENERGY SAVINGS AND SIGNIFICANT LOWERING OF CO2 EMISSIONS					2013-11-01	2017-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 142,800.00	€ 142,800.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IRSES	INNOSTORAGE proposal is driven by the need to develop efficient thermal storage (TES) systems using phase change materials (PCM). One of the main contributions to the rational use of energy is given by the TES systems. They accommodate efficient storage of thermal energy, promoting the possibility of using renewable energy such as solar energy, ambient cold and residual heat. The use of PCM for TES is the system that has aroused more practical interest, due to their large energy storage density available within a narrow temperature range. In this project we aim to study means of improving the development of the constituent PCM, their encapsulation and use in a number of important applications in both the domestic and industrial sectors, with the final aim of achieving commercialization in the European market. The implementation of these storage systems may lead to marked energy savings and significant lowering of CO2 emission.The research scheme considers the expertise and capabilities of each partner and also the possibility of creating new synergies among them. It will be implemented through 7 work packages covering the objectives of new materials, with special emphasis to cost, and the characterization of their thermophysical properties. It will also cover the modelling of materials and systems, and their applications in industry and in PCM in construction elements. The proposed exchanged program includes visits of experts and ESRs in all the work packages with the overall aim of extend, enhance and strengthen established collaboration among the INNOSTORAGE partners, increasing the individual mobility and career prospects of each researcher. These exchanges will involve a transfer of knowledge at different levels and training opportunities for ESRs searching the future scientific development of the groups through their involvement in projects relevant for future experiments. It is also an important objective the dissemination of the exchange activities.	none given	none given	none given
58483	293569	META-PHOT	Light-Matter Interaction in Smart Optical Materials					2011-08-01	2015-07-31	nan	FP7	€ 100,000.00	€ 100,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG	It is well accepted that the future progress in many areas such as optical telecommunications, nonlinear optics, optical imaging, and light emission devices will sensitively rely on the availability of novel and/or strongly improved optical materials.Metamaterials have recently opened an exciting gateway to reach unprecedented physical properties and functionality unattainable from naturally existing materials. The artificial “atoms” and “molecules” in metamaterials can be tailored in shape and size, the lattice constant and inter-atomic interaction can be precisely tuned, and “defects” can be designed and placed at desired locations. The recent demonstration of negative refraction in bulk optical left-handed metamaterials is only one excellent example of new exciting physics arising from these materials. Yet such demonstrations are only the tips of the iceberg of what might possible with artificially engineered optical materials.This project sets to explore the revolutionary physics of optical metamaterials, covering nonlinear optical phenomena and wave dispersion engineering, adaptive polarization control of waves using chiral metamaterials with real time reconfigurations, optical loss compensation, and modification of light emission. The unique properties of metamaterials arising from their specific configurations opening up exciting new venues for device development in the fields of all-optical data processing, optical meta-nanocircuits, light collection for solar energy harvesting, superlenses for perfect imaging, perfect mirrors, and electromagnetic cloaks.The project will investigate the possibilities of enhanced light-matter interaction and novel nonlinear optical processes in metamaterials. It will cover fundamental investigations of the origin and the design of effective nonlinearities, as well as their potential for optical devices. The findings will be combined with new design methodologies such as Transformation Optics and Hybrid Optical approaches.	none given	none given	none given
58484	253945	LENS-WALLED CPC	A Novel Lens-walled Compound Parabolic Concentrator (Lens-walled CPC) PV/Thermal System					2011-05-01	2013-04-30	nan	FP7	€ 181,103.20	€ 181,103.20	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF	This International Fellowship will bring an excellent Chinese researcher to work in the Europe. The project has been carefully chosen to match the researcher’s expertise in PV/Thermal assisted heat pump systems with the expertise in non-tracking solar concentration and sustainable building technology at the University of Nottingham so as to maximise the benefit to the Europe. The proposed project aims to develop a novel lens-walled compound parabolic concentrator (lens-walled CPC) PV/Thermal system for building-integrated applications. The sector of buildings accounts for about 40% of the total energy consumption in the Europe. The proposed system may play an important role in promoting solar energy applications in buildings, hence make a significant contribution to the EU target in cutting CO2 emissions. The proposed lens-walled CPC is an innovative idea and has the advantage of larger acceptance angle for solar radiation compared with a common CPC of the same geometrical concentration ratio. The lens-walled CPC PV/Thermal panel is the key component in the proposed system and comprises an array of mini lens-walled CPCs to give the appearance of a flat panel. The proposed system has the potential to reduce the sizes of PV modules by up to four times compared with common installations and would have better overall electricity and thermal performance. The proposed system is very suitable for non-tracking solar concentration PV/Thermal applications in residential and commercial buildings and will have a potential large market worldwide. Development of the proposed technology requires comprehensive scientific knowledge including PV/Thermal, solar concentration, heat pump and sustainable building design. The training of the researcher will be achieved through regular supervision and mentoring and a carefully managed research programme including computer modelling, testing and monitoring of the proposed technology as well as economic and environmental analyses.	none given	none given	none given
58833	286943	SolarSoft	Development of Ultra Soft Copper Conductors for Crystalline Silicon Solar Photovoltaic Applications					2011-10-01	2013-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 1,357,463.56	€ 1,005,936.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2011-1	In the relentless drive for cost-competitive Renewable Energies, progressive reductions in the cost of manufacture of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic cells are being compromised by damage caused to the cells by the thermal strain at the interface between the increasingly thinner silicon wafers used and the soldered copper conductor. The SolarSoft project aims to solve this problem by developing a novel high purity copper conductor possessing a uniquely low proof stress, thus enabling a substantial contribution to be made towards Solar PV Technology achieving cost parity with conventional power generation.	none given	none given	none given
58858	282825	MACSHEEP	New Materials and Control for a next generation of compact combined Solar and heat pump systems with boosted energetic and exergetic performance					2012-01-02	2016-01-01	nan	FP7	€ 3,088,642.20	€ 2,259,013.85	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2011.4.1-1	The objective of this project is to develop new innovative products and advanced test methods for a next generation of compact combined renewable energy systems based on solar thermal and heat pump technology for space heating and hot water preparation, using breakthroughs in ICT, new materials and technology. The goal is to achieve 25% energy savings compared to current state of the art systems, with still competitive prices on the market. Thus, the work proposed aims for a seasonal performance factor of the system (solar and heat pump) of e.g. 6 as compared to 4.5 for the current state of the art. This will be possible by using new materials, components and ICT in an integrative approach for new system concepts where the focus is on the overall system’s cost and performance. A systematic approach will be used to evaluate new breakthroughs such as e.g. low-cost materials and selective paint for solar collectors that collect solar irradiation as well as ambient heat and PV/T collectors that produce heat as well as electricity. Exergetic optimization of heat pump circuits includes using de-superheating heat exchangers for DHW preparation as a by-product of the more efficient space heating operation, and variable speed controlled compressors for heat pumps that match the collector heat input to the evaporator and/or the demand. New storage concepts include phase change materials (PCM) on the cold side of the heat pump, low cost materials for storage tank construction, improved temperature stratification and charging/discharging control. On the control and ICT side, weather and user forecast based predictive control for intelligent storage charging by different heat sources will help to increase the overall system performance significantly. Online monitoring and fault detection within small controller units will be used to increase system reliability both for the installation phase and for the whole operational life of the installation.	none given	none given	none given
58889	278380	PPOLAH	Predicting Properties of Large Heterogeneous Systems with Optimally-Tuned Range-Separated Hybrid Functionals					2011-09-01	2016-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,500,000.00	€ 1,500,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-PE4	I propose to develop a broadly applicable, quantitatively reliable, computationally simple approach to the study of large heterogeneous systems, and to apply it to important problems in molecular and organic electronics and photovoltaics. This will be based on a radically different approach to the development and application of density functional theory (DFT) – determining an optimally yet non-empirically tuned system-specific functional, instead of seeking a universally applicable one.Large heterogeneous systems are vital to several of the most burning challenges facing materials science. Perhaps most notably, this includes materials systems relevant for basic energy sciences, e.g., for photovoltaics or photocatalysis, but also includes, e.g., organic/inorganic interfaces that are crucial for molecular, organic, and hybrid organic/inorganic (opto)electronic systems. Theory and modelling of such systems face many challenges and would benefit greatly from accurate first principles calculations. However, the “work-horse” of such large-scale calculations – DFT – faces multiple, serious challenges when applied to such systems. This includes treating systems with components of different chemical nature, predicting energy level alignment, predicting charge transfer, handling weak interactions, and more. Solving all these problems within conventional DFT is extremely difficult, and even if at all possible the result will likely be too computationally complex for many applications.Instead, I propose a completely different strategy – sacrifice the quest for an all-purpose functional and focus on per-system physical criteria that can fix system-specific parameters without recourse to empiricism. The additional flexibility would help us gain tremendously in simplicity and applicability without loss of predictive power. I propose a practical scheme based on tunable range-separated hybrid functionals and a plan for its application to a wide range of practical systems.	none given	none given	none given
58985	239511	METAPV	Metamorphosis of Power Distribution: System Services from Photovoltaics					2009-09-11	2014-03-10	nan	FP7	€ 9,383,212.07	€ 5,520,793.52	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY-2007-2.1-11	MetaPV is the first project world-wide that will demonstrate the provision of electrical benefits from photovoltaics (PV) on a large scale. Additional benefits for active grid support from PV will be demonstrated at two sites: a residential/urban area of 128 households with 4 kWp each, and an industrial zone of 31 PV systems with 200 kWp each. The enhanced control capacities to be implemented into PV inverters and demonstrated are active voltage control, fault ride-through capability, autonomous grid operation, and interaction of distribution system control with PV systems. A detailed technical and economic assessment of the additional services from PV is carried out. The role of PV in an area fully supplied by renewable sources is to be assessed. The work covers 3 phases. In the first phase, the demonstration is prepared for the specific demonstration zones. The PV side (inverter) and the network side will be both addressed. Small and large PV inverters for residential and industrial applications, which both can provide additional benefits for electrical network operation, will be developed. On the network side, adapted concepts for grid planning and operation of distribution networks with large amounts of PV generation will be developed. In the second phase, based on the development and suggestions of phase one, two pilot demonstrations will be carried out and evaluated. The first one will demonstrate the active contribution of PV for increasing power quality and security of the system operation in a residential area. In the second one, security of power supply and autonomous operation will be demonstrated in an industrial zone. The third phase covers communication with stakeholders that will take place from the beginning of the demonstration phase. The project results will be disseminated and communicated to the stakeholders, the scientific community and to the local public. The demonstration will allow for successful replication in other grids in Europe.	none given	none given	none given
59195	331745	SolarIn	Solar cells based on InGaN nanostructures on silicon					2013-03-11	2015-03-10	nan	FP7	€ 194,046.60	€ 194,046.60	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF	The target of this project is the establishment of a technology platform for the fabrication of a new generation of multi-junction photovoltaic cells based on nanostructured InGaN layers synthesized on silicon substrates. Currently, the photovoltaic market is dominated by single-junction crystalline silicon modules because of their low cost and long-term reliability. However, higher conversion efficiencies are obtained using advanced multi-junction techniques operating under concentration. In this context, this project aims at a major break-through in the solar domain by introduction of InGaN-on-Si solar cells. The ultimate objective is to implement a tandem cell with an InGaN junction in series with a silicon solar cell, in order to achieve a photovoltaic device with high conversion efficiency at a moderate production cost. Furthermore, the outstanding physical and chemical stability of III-nitrides enables them to operate in harsh environments, showing high stability under concentration conditions and superior resistance to high-energy particle radiation. We propose a completely new approach to the nitride-based solar cell, addressing directly nitrogen-polar high-In content layers on low-cost Si(111) substrates. The project must face a number of technological challenges: new state-of-the-art for nitride material design, growth and fabrication technology adapted to the InGaN specificities. As relevant novelties, three novel approaches are incorporated into the solar cells design: (i) growth of N-polar material by introducing a new concept of 3D buffer layer to improve the carrier collection, (ii) incorporation of InGaN/GaN nanostructures (quantum wells/dots) in the active region to enhance indium incorporation, facilitate the strain management and increase the spectral response in the infrared spectral range, and (iii) incorporation of heterostructured p-type region.	none given	none given	none given
59302	286161	EAGLE	Development and demonstration of a dynamic, web-based, renewable energy rating platform					2011-12-01	2014-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 3,120,159.19	€ 2,398,548.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2011-2	In order for the EC to achieve ambitious renewable energy targets there is a strong need to accelerate market penetration of Renewable Energy Systems (RES) in both industrial and domestic sectors. The domestic sector is of major significance, as it will reduce reliance on large centralized energy plants. There are several domestic options including solar thermal, solar electric, heat pump and biomass systems. Of these, solar and heat pump technologies have the widest potential application as they require no physical feedstock. However, despite steady market growth, these technologies still make up only a small fraction of total household energy supply. One of the main reasons for this is the initial investment required, coupled with uncertainty over return on investment. This is compounded by the huge range of available products and a lack of objective information relating to system performance. As a result, consumers are often confused and unable to make informed decisions. In addition, installation companies often experience difficulties when advising customers on the various options and their respective benefits. Hence, despite considerable technological advancements in terms of system performance and efficiency, there exists a significant knowledge and confidence barrier that restricts increased market acceptance. In order to address this problem, we propose to develop a system that can automatically provide accurate and objective information about the suitability of a renewable energy technology for a given user scenario. The system will be intuitive and easy to use employing a unique dynamic grading technology. This will enable consumers to make better informed decisions and will allow our membership to provide better service. This will help to significantly increase market penetration and revenues for our pan-European membership involved in the design, manufacture and installation of domestic renewable energy technologies.	none given	none given	none given
59303	268205	SECRHC-PLATFORM	Support to the activities of the European Technology Platform on Renewable Heating and Cooling					2011-01-01	2014-06-30	nan	FP7	€ 1,109,632.32	€ 999,423.41	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2010.4.5-1	This proposal aims at establishing a secretariat to support the activities of the European Technology Platform on Renewable Heating and Cooling. Such a Platform was launched in December 2008 with a view to bringing together stakeholders from the solar thermal, biomass and geothermal sectors, as well as related technologies (e.g. heat pumps, construction, district heating and cooling), to draft a common research and policy strategy for the whole renewable heating and cooling sector.	none given	none given	none given
59329	303921	NLO FOR PV	NonLinear Optics for Photovoltaics					2012-04-01	2016-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 100,000.00	€ 100,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG	The Shockley Queisser limits the efficiency of single junction solar cells and sets the maximum efficiency for Si solar cells at about 30%. The limit is imposed because of two constraints. First, the energy a solar cell generates from each conversion event is approximately maximized by its bandgap, irrespective of the incoming photon energy. Thus, energetic photons lose most of their energy to heat in the solar cell. Second, a solar cell cannot harness photons at wavelengths longer than its bandgap. Therefore, splitting of energetic photon to two Near-IR (NIR) photons doubles the quantum efficiency and the output energy a PV delivers. Also the fusion of two NIR photons below the bandgap of PV to generate one photons accessible for the PV (energy above the PVs bandgap) bust the potential efficiency of PV above Shockley Queisser limit.Nonlinear optics (NLO) offers efficient frequency conversion. Yet, it cannot contribute to PVs due to operation limits at high intensity and coherence, much above the solar radiation. Solar powered lasers allows to increase intensity and coherence by orders of magnitude, thus it is the missing link between PVs and NLO. But thus far, power threshold of solar laser is above 2000 suns , making it inapplicable for PVs. Here I propose to build solar powered laser at low solar concentration (below 2 suns), which will open the field of NLO for PVs. This proposal is based on my recent experimental demonstration , which enables the reduction of current power threshold of incoherently pumped laser by three orders of magnitude. In addition to PVs, this research opens the way to new high power lasers, and many on-chip applications in spectroscopy, sensing, and communication.	none given	none given	none given
59353	622653	ELECTPROPOIPC	Atomically thin layers of Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Crystals – Electronic Properties and Application in Solar Cells					2014-06-01	2017-05-31	nan	FP7	€ 274,810.20	€ 274,810.20	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IOF	We propose to experimentally study the electronic properties of organic-inorganic perovskite crystal (OIPC) monolayers by means optical spectroscopy and charge transport measurements.In the last few months, OIPC’s have emerged as an outstanding material for inexpensive and efficient solar cells. In a series of studies, various research groups have successfully demonstrated the preparation of solar cells with 10-15% power conversion efficiency. In addition to their remarkable performance in solar cell applications, OIPC’s can form layered structures that are held together by relatively weak VdW interactions. Thus, monolayers of OIPC’s can be readily separated and isolated by mechanical exfoliation, which enables controlled studies of their surface and interfacial properties.The overall goal of the research described in this application is to understand what makes OIPC’s such efficient materials for solar cell applications and to develop methods to further improve their performance.	none given	none given	none given
59444	300194	STOLARFOAM	Thermochemical Storage of Solar Heat via Advanced Reactors/Heat exchangers based on Ceramic Foams					2012-09-01	2014-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 224,462.40	€ 224,462.40	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF	“ThermoChemical Storage (TCS) involves the exploitation of the heat effects of reversible chemical reactions for the “storage” of solar heat. Among gas-solid reactions proposed for such an approach the utilization of a pair of redox reactions involving multivalent solid oxides has several inherent advantages that make it attractive for large-scale deployment.The new concept introduced in the current proposal is instead of using packed or fluidized beds of the redox material as the heat storage medium, to employ ceramic foam structures made entirely or partially from the redox oxide materials. In this respect the proposal involves an Experienced Researcher (applicant) who is a specialist in the synthesis of advanced oxide redox powder materials and in the shaping/manufacture of advanced porous ceramic structures for demanding applications, to be hosted in a world-classresearch institute (host organization) that is a solar simulator/furnace/tower facilities owner, specialized in the design and construction of high-temperature solar reactors. The main research training objectives for the applicant are related with the acquisition of hands-on experience with the design, operation and requirements of this variety of real concentrated solar power facilities and systems available at the host institution that will be used as test bench for pilot scale testing and validation of the project’s technological innovations .The proposed concept combines the demonstrated technologies of ceramic volumetric receivers and structured solar reactors with the inherent advantages of foam structures and promotes them one step further to the development of an integrated receiver/reactor/heat exchanger configuration with enhanced heat storage characteristics, through a series of innovations to be implemented concerning new reactor/heat exchanger designs, enhanced incorporation of redox materials in the reactor’s structure and improved redox material compositions.”	none given	none given	none given
59471	213824	MED-CSD	Combined solar power and desalination plants: technico-economic potential in Mediterranean Partner countries					2008-06-01	2010-05-31	nan	FP7	€ 999,960.00	€ 999,960.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY-2007-2.5-02	The growing economies in the southern and eastern Mediterranean area increasingly need affordable and efficient energy and water for sustainable development. Hybrid solar/fossil thermal power plants with combined sea water desalination based on concentrating solar power technology (CSP) offer a unique, cost efficient solution to the growing energy and water demand. Hybrid solar/fossil operation offers a smooth transition from the fossil fuel to a solar economy and provides firm power capacity to the grid with up to 8000 full load operating hours per year. The main objective of the MED CSD project is the assessment of the technico-economic potential of CSP for electricity and desalination in Mediterranean region, particularly the Mediterranean Partners Countries (MPCs) (WP3) based on a technology review and considering the results of past and on-going studies and projects (Aqaba project as a reference) (WP1) and attained through the realization of feasibility studies in Mediterranean countries and an impact assessment analysis (WP2). WP1 is the selection of CSP and desalination configurations suitable for application in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean region, using information on state of the art of CSP and desalination, specifically engineering performed for Aqaba hybrid CSP desalination plant, and taking into consideration the specific situation and needs where the feasibility studies will be performed. In WP2, a generic feasibility study will be defined and applied to Algeria, Italian Island, Egypt, Morocco and PNA including an impact assessment analysis for a broad dissemination. WP3 will relate to the assessment of the technico-economic potential of CSP for electricity and desalination in Mediterranean Partner Countries (MPCs). It will be followed by an Action Plan and dissemination of the results (WP4).	none given	none given	none given
59482	219110	SOLUGAS	Solar Up-scale Gas Turbine System					2008-11-01	2014-04-30	nan	FP7	€ 12,169,915.00	€ 5,997,752.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY-2007-2.5-04	The SOLUGAS project consists in the demonstration of a solar-hybrid power system with direct solar heating of a gas turbine’s pressurized air. In combination with highly efficient combined cycle systems or in cogeneration applications significant cost reductions for solar electric power generation can be achieved. The demonstration project will be the first commercial-scale system that can later be offered to customers in several configurations (combined cycle, cogeneration, etc). The project will prove the technological feasibility, performance and cost reduction potential of such power plants. A complete solar-hybrid gas turbine demonstration system will be designed and erected in the project. Major new developments include a tube receiver and a solar-adapted commercial gas turbine. The solar concentrator field and tower are laid out and built. Software tools will be used and extended to allow simulation of the components and system performance. The tools will be verified by comparing performance predictions with measured data. Later the tools will be applied to allow predictions for other commercial systems. This project will reduce the water consumption of CSP power plants and land usage by increasing the efficiency, this will reduce the investment and O&M costs and improve the enviromental profile of CSP power plants. This kind of improvements are necessary to make CSP systems more competitive with conventional electricity sources and other renewable	none given	none given	none given
59537	321319	ESUX	Electron Spectroscopy using Ultra Brilliant X-rays – a program for the advancement of state-of-the-art instrumentation and science					2013-02-01	2018-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,486,128.00	€ 2,486,128.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-AG-PE4	The progress of materials science depends critically on the access to advanced characterization methods. During the last decades there has been an almost revolutionary development of modern X-ray based tools. We are today at a turning point in the development of synchrotron radiation based electron spectroscopy, where the program of the PI has maintained a leading position since 20 years. New techniques are evolving parallel to the development of a new generation of ultra-brilliant synchrotron radiation (SR) facilities. Electron spectroscopy is one of the most important techniques for the advancement of materials science and is one of the corner stones for the research at SR facilities. It is of highest priority to introduce new types of instruments to push the spectroscopy into new domains of time, spatial, energy and angular resolution.We have recently accomplished a break-through in this field with a new type of electron analyzer, the ArTOF instrument, capable of increasing the energy resolution down to the micro-eV range with a simultaneous increase of the transmission of almost three orders of magnitude, compared to the earlier instruments. In addition the emission angles of all electrons are determined, with high precision and within a wide cone. This allows us to obtain three dimensional electronic structure information in real time. The present ERC proposal defines an ambitious program to fully exploit the new possibilities in urgent fields of research: In situ time resolved electronic band structure of organic crystals for electronic applications, time resolved studies of 3D band structure of solids and new 2D materials (graphene, topological insulators), electron structure and dynamics of materials for solar cell applications, and in other important research fields. The research program will also adapt the new technique to take advantage of new opportunities opened by emerging ultra-brilliant X-ray sources.	none given	none given	none given
59545	297424	BrightEMIL	BrightEMIL : EMIL goes green – Exceptional Materials from Ionic Liquids for Energy Saving Applications in Photonics					2012-03-01	2013-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 167,786.92	€ 149,610.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-OA-2011-PoC	The idea which should be taken to the proof of concept is the application of nano energy-conversion phosphors in ionic liquids. The energy efficiency and performance of photonic devices such as CFLs (compact fluorescent lamps), LEDs (light emitting diodes) and SCs (solar cells) will be improved by more efficient use of light. For this, special nano energy-conversion phosphors (ecPs) will be coated on the respective device by a new technique relying . As no new development of the devices themselves is required, the invention has a near-market potential. The new technology will allow for a better device performance, higher energy efficiency, safer and greener production, diminish the impacts on health and environment during manufacturing as well as end-of-life. The consumption of rare materials where world-market shortage is observed will be reduced and the economic position of European companies improved.	none given	none given	none given
59560	261901	AGATHA	Advanced Gratting for Thin Films Solar Cell					2010-09-01	2016-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,114,719.22	€ 1,539,747.86	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2010.2.1-2	The minority carrier diffusion lengths are small in polycrystalline or amorphous materials used in thin film solar cells, requiring thin layers to maximize charge collection. This is contradictory for the requirement to maximize solar energy absorption. The optical design consisting in increasing solar cell’s light-trapping capability is of prime importance. In order to provide total internal reflection, both randomly textured surfaces and regularly patterned surfaces have been investigated. No one of these approaches provides optimal light trapping because no one is suitable for the broad solar spectrum.Recent approaches involving new TCO layers show that double textures provide improved scattering. The AGATHA project aims to realize an advanced light trapping design by combining micro-texturing of glass by hot embossing and nano-texturing of the top TCO layer by etching. The parameters of this “modulated surface texture” can be adjusted to maximize the light scattering in all the solar spectrum to provide a significant increase in both short-circuit current and EQE. Suitable for high production throughput, the new texturation process chain developed in AGATHA fits with the intrinsic low cost nature of thin film solar cellsTo demonstrate the efficiency of this optical trapping design, the modulated texture concept will be implemented in a-Si:H based, µ-c-Si:H based and CIGS based thin films technologies. The objective is to reduce the active material thickness, from 250 nm up to 150 nm for the a-Si:H, from 1.5 µm up to 1 µm for µc-Si:H and from 2.5 µm up to 800 nm for the CIGS, when increasing the short circuit current of 15 % The choice of these technologies aims to maximize the impact by addressing 70% of the thin film market. According to typical solar cells cost structure, a 15 % reduction of the cost/m2 is achievable. Combined with the Jsc improvement, the implementation of modulated surface texture should result in a 20 % decrease of the €/W indicator.AGATHA is an EU coordinated project in the framework of call FP7-ENERGY-2010-INDIA, foreseeing a simultaneous start with the Indian coordinated project. Accordingly, the Indian project should start at the latest within 3 months of the signature of the EU grant agreement.	none given	none given	none given
59618	240299	SINGFISS	Singlet exciton fission as a route to more efficient dye-sensitized solar cells					2009-12-01	2014-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 1,199,999.99	€ 1,199,999.99	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-PE4	One of the greatest scientific challenges of the coming decades will be to produce sufficient energy to meet consumption demands, particularly as fossil fuel reserves decline. A leading alternative method of producing energy is the conversion of solar energy to electricity. At present, energy produced by photovoltaic cells is significantly more expensive than that obtained by burning fossil fuels. Therefore, we need to find a method of producing solar cells more cheaply. The prime example of such a cheap solar cell is the dye-sensitized solar cell. However, the efficiency of these cells is currently too low to be commercially interesting. In this project, a process called singlet exciton fission is proposed as a new route to more efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. In this process, a singlet excited state formed by photo-excitation converts into a pair of triplet states by a spin-allowed transition. When both triplet excited states lead to a charge separation event, the theoretical maximum efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells can be increased from 32% to ~46% for a cell combining a singlet fission absorber with a normal dye. This project will have a two-fold benefit: it will be the first major systematic study of the fundamentals of the singlet fission process, and it will explore the use of singlet fission dyes in photovoltaics. Using a variety of disciplines, ranging from organic synthesis to ultrafast spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations, this project will deliver the clearest picture yet of the exciton fission process. In addition, this research will enable the design of specific chromophores possessing optimal triplet fission yield and, by doing so, will open exciting new possibilities for the production of more efficient dye-sensitized solar cells.	none given	none given	none given
59697	331795	SolarRevolution	Revolutionizing Understanding of Organic Solar Cell Degradation to Design Novel Stable Materials					2013-05-06	2015-05-05	nan	FP7	€ 166,336.20	€ 166,336.20	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF	SolarRevolution aims to revolutionise the understanding of bulk-heterojunction organic solar cell (OSC) degradation by developing a detailed knowledge of the chemical and physical processes involved. This knowledge will be applied to the rational design of novel materials to give OSCs 20-year lifetimes and allow mass-market uptake of this low-cost, low-energy-footprint, transparent, lightweight and flexible technology. Quantum-chemical modelling of degradation mechanisms will provide detailed and experimentally-inaccessible insight. This will dramatically enhance the clarity and robustness of experimental conclusions, leading to a deeper understanding of OSC degradation. Diffusion of oxygen into OSCs and the subsequent photochemical reactions represent the dominant source of degradation of the photo-active layer. Quantum-chemical calculations will characterise the chemical species and photochemical reactions involved in degradation. Semiclassical models will reveal how degraded materials impact exciton and polaron dynamics, and hence OSC efficiency. Finally, our new understanding of degradation will be exploited in the design and in-silico screening of novel materials for stable OSCs. Close collaborative links with leading academic and industrial groups will be forged via host-participation in the pan-European OSC research project Establis (FP7-ITN-290022). Two-way knowledge-transfer under strict IP control will: i) provide SolarRevolution with state-of-the-art materials and experimental data, and ii) allow hypotheses and novel material designs generated by SolarRevolution to be experimentally verified and industrially trialled. This will ensure that SolarRevolution will be well-positioned to contribute to high-impact publications and patent filings, raising Europe’s profile in OSC research and establishing the fellow, Michael Wykes, as a leading researcher in the field.	none given	none given	none given
59925	314891	ULITES	Ultra-lightweight structures with integrated photovoltaic solar cells: design, analysis, testing and application to an emergency shelter prototype					2013-01-07	2015-01-06	nan	FP7	€ 1,386,650.40	€ 1,045,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2012-1	The introduction of new technologies in the fabrication of light-weight high-performance materials for civil-engineering applications opens many new possibilities for the design of extremely lightweight structures. In particular, the inclusion of photo-voltaic cells together with the use of carbon-fiber cables will allow new design concepts combining an extreme lightness with an excellent structural performance while preserving the sustanability. Even if the new technology constitutes a potential breakthrough, in order to allow a successful impact on the market the properties of the novel materials need to be investigaded in detail so to understand their behaviour with respect to fatigue, aging, or other long-term effects. The wide adoption of such new solutions, will on the other hand imply the definition of an improved computer-based design approach. New tools will be needed to allow modeling to structural behaviour of ultra-lightweight structures and to realize them in conceptual designs.	none given	none given	none given
60122	282949	ENORASIS	ENvironmental Optimization of IRrigAtion Management with the Combined uSe and Integration of High PrecisIon Satellite Data, Advanced Modeling, Process Control and Business Innovation					2012-01-01	2014-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,716,118.00	€ 2,085,965.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENVIRONMENT	ENV.2011.3.1.9-1	The overall aim of ENORASIS is to develop an intelligent, integrated Decision Support System (ENORASIS Service Platform and Components) for environmentally optimized and, thus, sustainable irrigation management by farmers and water management organizations. ENORASIS system will actually target to motivate irrigation farmers to optimize the use of water, whereas it will also provide to (irrigation) water management organizations intelligent tools and services to effectively forecast and manage irrigation water resources, cover irrigation demand and charge customers (farmers) on the basis of an intelligent system of motives and incentives that exploits irrigation demand side fluctuations.To achieve so, ENORASIS will develop and integrate a bouquet of advanced technologies, methodologies and models in the fields of: (i) weather prediction systems that exploit satellite observations; (ii) irrigation optimization techniques and (iii) smart irrigation systems in order to arrive at a solution that will be easy to use for farmers and that will be flexible and robust enough for its use by irrigation water management organizations; and (iv) wireless sensor networks (functioning with solar energy) as key enabling technology for field measurements and monitoring conditions. Such an intelligent irrigation management and charging system is expected to have a major impact towards the adoption of more sustainable irrigation water management practices in agriculture and thus, increased environmental protection and costs savings for all stakeholders involved in agricultural economy.Finally, the ENORASIS project will be implemented over a period of 36 months by a multi-disciplinary and well-balanced consortium of 13 partners, including academic partners, research centers & institutes, SMEs as well as end-users (water management organization).	none given	none given	none given
60450	315663	SOLGAIN	Competitive stationary low concentrating solar module of novel design					2012-10-01	2014-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 1,618,362.00	€ 929,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2012-1	The achievement of the goals of the European energy and climate change policy necessitates the development and deployment of a diverse portfolio of low carbon energy technologies. In 2010, photovoltaic (PV) technology was the leading renewable energy technology in terms of capacity growth in Europe. But for reaching the main sectorial target: “up to 15% of the EU electricity will be generated by solar energy in 2020” it is a pre-requisite to achieve the substantial reduction of costs and the improvement of device efficiencies.Recent developments in PV worldwide business are showing that other global economies are fiercely fighting to take over EU leadership in the production of the PV products as well as technology. EU could maintain a competitive position due to introduction of new cost-effective photovoltaic technologies underpinned by strong RTD efforts allowing European companies to develop innovative knowledge intensive solutions through whole supply chain to capture market share.The biggest influences on the cost effectiveness of the conversion of cells to modules are the optimisation of cell efficiency and material consumption and the optimisation of the combined module manufacturing and installation cost.The proposed project aims to bring the innovative photovoltaic technology enabling achievement of 0,67 €/W cost target in next two years. To achieve this goal proposers will develop innovative concepts for key components of PV system, prototype and test the stationary low concentrating photovoltaic module of novel design. The proposed solutions enable higher conversion efficiency and 5-fold reduction of active material – both leading to significant cost/performance, resulting more than 20% reduction of the Watt-peak. By creating a non-competitive supply chain within the consortium the SME partners will be able to use the new technology developed to secure their competitive advantage in PV markets and over 10 year’s period make a cumulative profit of about 27 M€.	none given	none given	none given
60607	262374	INTENSOL	Transparent Fresnel Based Concentrated Photovoltaic Thermal System					2011-01-01	2012-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,264,299.70	€ 970,991.10	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-1	Strategic overall objective of the proposed project is to develop an efficient and cost effective solar energy system for combined electrical and thermal energy production that uses direct solar radiation as the primary energy source. In order to achieve those objectives we are presenting an innovative concept of Highly Concentrated PV Solar Thermal System, which is based on a combination of latest developments in photovoltaic technology and solar thermal components, a product that is able to produce electricity and heat from one integrated system. System that we are proposing is based on the development of novel cost effective Fresnel lens based concentrators implemented on a multiple junction PV cell technology. Product will be equipped with integrated cell cooling and heat recuperation system, positioned by high accurate two axis tracking system and guided by adaptive control system. All components will be integrated and optimized as an autonomous unmanned co-generation power production unit in a form of new commercial product, the INTENSOL. Therefore INTENSOL is combination of following key innovative technologies; – Fresnel lens based concentrators with multiple junction PV cells – PV cells cooling and heat recuperation system – Highly accurate two axis tracking system – Advanced guidance and control system This proposed system will be suitable for various small and medium energy consumers, it will be particularly well suited to those placed in ‘sunny areas’ such as MEDITERRANEAN AREA, but because of high concentration factor and efficiency and cost-effectiveness for MIDDLE EUROPEAN ZONE, as well. Key advantages of our solar system are: – low price (2000-3000 EUR/1 kWe) – easy maintenance (self-cleaning, cheap, easy removed concentrating lens) – light construction of the system	none given	none given	none given
60723	256672	PEPDIODE	Peptide-based diodes for solar cells					2011-08-01	2015-07-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,643,131.39	€ 2,749,966.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2010.10.2-1	In a solar cell that converts energy as efficient as the natural plant photosystems, electrons should travel over very short distances, through an extremely ordered structure free of traps. Guided by these principles that were worked out at WIS and CUNY, we want to synthesize many different peptides, and consecutively screen variants thereof for a putative diode function. When linked to light-harvesting building blocks, these should yield a novel type of solar cell that is based on biomimetic principles. To achieve these goals, UPC will chemically synthesize a panel of artificial building blocks that are designed to harvest light and/or tunnel electrons. When assembled into many different peptides, some of these constructs are expected to function as a diode, and, when linked to light-harvesting molecules, as a solar cell. Peptides will be embedded into a self-assembled monolayer of alkanethiols on individual gold pads of a computer chip, which will be designed and manufactured by IMS. Each individual peptide can be addressed by feeding in, and at the same time measuring, the amount of current flow in both directions through the gold pads of the individual pixels. A similar kind of screen should then detect a functional peptide-based solar cell. 10.000 Peptides per cm(+2) will be synthesized by a particle based combinatorial synthesis recently developed by KIT-G and PPP. These peptides will be transferred in the array format to the chip where they couple to the gold pads. Therein, peptides will be coupled through cysteine residues to the flat gold surface, where they are embedded into a membrane-like structure. We expect that our evolution inspired approach may open a novel route to very efficient, and very cheap solar cells. This is due to the small percolation distances, highly ordered modular peptide structures, the large number of generated peptides, the ability to easily combine and modify eventually found peptide-diodes, and the frugal material consumption.	none given	none given	none given
60877	278779	Nano@Energy	Novel Design of Nanostructures for Renewable Energy:Fundamental Questions and Advanced Applications					2011-10-01	2016-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 1,500,000.00	€ 1,500,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-PE5	Photovoltaics and liquid fuels are poised as major contributors to the global energy market, promising cleaner, renewable sources of energy than fossil fuels. However, the technologies required to make this possibility a reality are limited by their high cost per kWh, and current share of photovoltaics and liquid fuels in the energy market is thus extremely small. One method of reducing the costs of photovoltaics lies in the use of semiconductor nanocrystals to absorb and convert solar photon energy to usable electricity and liquid fuel. Among the advantages of a nanocrystal-based design for photovoltaics are the requirement for thinner absorbing layers, the less energy-intensive refining processes, and their scalability with respect to photovoltaic production.To address these challenges, I plan to initiate a multidisciplinary research project that comprises three separate, but interrelated and complementary, parts that will be conducted in parallel. The first and the main part will be the preparation of novel hybrid nanostructures that have potential for PV and fuel cells applications. The second will focus on a systematic study of the fundamental processes of charge dynamics in the nanoscale regime. The materials and knowledge generated can then be applied in the third part of the project—development of PV and photoelectrochemical devices with scale-up potential for large-scale solar energy exploitation, and examination of benchmark properties (overall efficiency, I V characteristics, external quantum efficiency, hydrogen and liquid fuel production) of our new hybrid materials and devices. These properties will be used as feedback for the synthesis of more complex hybrid structures and for improving our device assembly methods and the choice of materials and/or composites for the devices.	none given	none given	none given
60958	318524	NANODEV	INTEGRATED NANODEVICES					2013-01-01	2015-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 380,000.00	€ 380,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IRSES	The primary objective of this proposal is to carry the results, knowledge, and international collaboration gained throughout our first project (NANOBIOSOENS) that was conducted as a part of IRSES call in the last 3 years to the next level, which will focus on nanodevices and advanced applications. The proposed research project is focused on two different applications, main one being on biosensors and bioelectronics and the other one on potential solar energy science. The results obtained during NANOBIOSENS were very promising opening interesting possibilities to more detailed investigations, which produced around 25 publications with around 50 conference presentations. At the end of the NANOBIOSENS project, our success was published in the PROJECTS magazine as “Biosensors Received the Nanotreatment”. The obtained results along with the synergy formed among these 6 international partners motivated us to carry our research to a more advanced level. With this motivation, the objective of the currently proposed project is to test the synthesized and integrated nanomaterials in two of the most appealing applications that are “biosystems and solar energy”. This had been the motivation for this group to continue the researcher and knowledge exchanges for the above mentioned higher level of scientific objective that is hoped to be achieved throughout the proposed NANODEV project. In terms of participants, there will be two main distinctions of NANODEV with respect to the NANOBIOSENS project. The first one is our new partner who joined us from CHINA and is an expert in the field of nanomaterial synthesis, design of new bioactive compounds, and biosensor development. The second distinction is the newly built research center at METU, Center for Solar Energy Research and Applications. With these two additional assets, it will be possible in NANODEV to test the jointly made nanomaterial integrated compounds in two different fields of applications.	none given	none given	none given
60967	331952	NANO-DNA	Functional DNA nanomaterials					2013-10-01	2015-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 231,283.20	€ 231,283.20	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF	Solid phase DNA synthesis is certainly one of the most influential developments of the last century. Together with the understanding of DNA structure and function, not only biology and molecular genetics have advanced significantly, but also new emerging fields such as bio-nanotechnology would not have evolved. The term ‘DNA architectonics’ is probably most descriptive for the current directions the field of DNA synthesis is taking, where DNA becomes more and more a construction material and intelligent glue while not downgrading its importance in the life sciences.The research proposed here will evaluate novel functional DNA nanomaterials and will significantly advance the field by combining DNA nano-technology with chemically modified nucleosides, incorporating designer molecules to add specific programmed function and apply these systems to make ground breaking advances in electronics, photovoltaics and medicine.	none given	none given	none given
60972	626576	NANODAOHP	Nanoparticle based direct absorption oscillating heat pipes for solar thermal systems					2014-09-01	2016-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 221,606.40	€ 221,606.40	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IIF	Developing sustainable solar energy technology becomes extremely important to secure our energy future. A highly novel solar thermal technology, from both nanotechnology and phase change approaches, is proposed in this project to address the limitations associated with conventional solar thermal collectors. In this innovative technology, direct absorption nanoparticles are used to overcome the surface-controlled heat transfer limitation and absorb solar energy directly in the carrying fluid, and oscillating vapour bubbles (in oscillating heat pipes) are used to drive the fluids instead of pumps. Preliminary studies have shown the feasibility of the new concept, which has both prosperous scientific and applicaton propsects. Scientifically, it extends the direct absorption nanoparticles into a phase change domain, and practically it could promote the emergence of a new generation of solar collector. A systematic program is proposed in this project to address the challenges associated with the novel concept, which extends from suitable direct absorption nanofluid formulation, understanding the role of nanoparticles in the evaporation and condensation process, to its performance in ossillating heat pipes. The project is an ambitious, highly novel piece of work ideally suited to a Fellow with a strong background in solar energy and thermal science and engineering. The Fellow in question, Dr Lizhan Bai is perfectly (perhaps uniquely) suited to drive this project to success as he has independently designed, constructed and experimented with a number of challenging flow and heat transfer devices, especially heat pipe systems, and has outstanding analytical and mathematical modelling capability, which will contribute uniquely to the project. It will allow significant knowledge transfer into Europe, especially heat pipe systems, and create potentials long term collaborations and mutually beneficial co-operation between Europe and China.	none given	none given	none given
60973	279548	PROGRAM-NANO	Programmed Nanostructuration of Organic Materials					2011-11-01	2016-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,300,932.00	€ 1,300,932.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-PE5	“Program-Nano” aims at establishing unconventional and versatile strategies towards organic architectures whose size, composition, internal structure, and function can be rationally predesigned and controlled. In a bio-inspired manner, we will “program” functional molecules with the required information to self-assemble into unique, well-defined nanofibers or nanotubes. We want to focus on two main ambitious objectives for the application of such organic nanostructured materials.1) The design and preparation of optoelectronic devices, such as plastic solar cells, where nanostructured fibers are integrated within the active layers. The major goal is to determine the influence of the molecular organization and the morphology at the nanoscale on the performance of the device, and to try in this way to set new records in device efficiency.2) The fabrication of plastic nanoporous materials for the separation, storage or catalytic transformation of (bio)molecules in which the size, the shape ratio, and the internal functionalization of the nanopores can be custom-tailored.	none given	none given	none given
60975	276963	NIOS	High Efficiency Nanostructured Electrodes for Organic Solar Cells Using Solution Processed LiF					2011-03-01	2014-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 45,000.00	€ 45,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG	Conventional electrode structures for organic electronics often rely on interlayers to enhance the efficiency at inorganic electrodes. In this project, we propose to implement improved electrodes in organic solar cells by introducing solution processed LiF interlayers. The performance of devices would be compared with state- of-the-art production devices. A potential increase of performance of 1-2 % with substantial decrease in production costs may be possible. As effective charge balance is a critical component of device operation, optimization of one interface can be changed by modifications at the counter-electrode, so we propose to modify both interfaces in a controlled and systematic way.Recent work on surface modification of indium tin oxide suggests that solution processed LiF can be used to tune the surface work function. LiF has been known to improve device efficiency, although the exact mechanism is still intensely debated. To realize the most effective electrode structure for solar cells, structured layers of solution-processed LiF nanoparticles would be investigated and compared with conventional structures. At the optimal thicknesses for device performance, thermal evaporated LiF forms nanoparticles on organic surfaces. Solution processing would allow controlled assembly of the LiF dispersion on the organic surface, thereby enabling studies of the nanostructured electrode/organic interface on performance. Systematically changing the surface with arrays of nanoparticles would also facilitate a relation between the effects of roughness and electronic properties and device performance.The overall objective of this research plan is to produce alternative electrodes, with a high degree of control over the nanoscale structure, for organic solar cells. Tailoring interfacial structure with improved charge extraction and prevention of detrimental interfacial quenching is a break through milestone on the road to commercialization of organic solar cell devices.	none given	none given	none given
60982	623733	MUAPPEN	Multi-junction nano-materials with coated highly ordered structure and their Application in energy generation and Energy storage					2015-01-26	2017-01-25	nan	FP7	€ 309,235.20	€ 309,235.20	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IIF	Energy crisis and environmental pollution have been suggested to be two serious problems to world countries. The efficient energy generation and use of clean energy are the effective pathways for solving these problems. This project promotes a cutting-edge research collaboration on the development of the late-model multi-junction nano-materials for energy applications in relation with solar energy driven production of hydrogen from water and rechargeable battery for renewable energy storage. Using a modified electrochemical atomic layer deposition method, multi-junction materials with large specific surface areas or complex shapes can be produced with a formation mechanism of atom-by-atom growth. Based on this, the narrow-band-gap semiconductors are conformally deposited onto TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTs) to form a coaxial heterogeneous structure with atomic-level control. Such structure can greatly improve the separation efficiency of photo-induced electrons and holes, resulting in a highly active photocurrent generation. On the other hand, both sulphur and carbon atomic layers are deposited alternately on the TiO2 NT walls in the atom-by-atom contact form. The resultant sulphur-carbon/TiO2 NTs multi-junction positive electrodes demonstrate properties useful for resolving these bottleneck problems that exist in the current Li-S battery. Furthermore, the relationships among the optimizing designs (including micro-geometrical structures, compositional control, and atomic-level interface properties), the charge transfer mechanism, and electrochemical performance are studied. On the basis of these results, the high-performance multi-junction photocatalysts and rechargeable Li-S battery are carried out for hydrogen generation and energy storage application. The proposed research will enrich the synthesized methods for multi-junction nano-materials, and be extremely useful to advance the technological quality of existing energy generation and energy storage industries.	none given	none given	none given
60987	226820	SOLAMON	Plasmons Generating Nanocomposite Materials (PGNM) for 3rd Generation Thin Film Solar Cells					2009-02-01	2011-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,092,937.00	€ 1,599,948.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	ENERGY.2008.10.1.2;NMP-2008-2.6-1	The objective of the SOLAMON project is to develop high potential Plasmon Generating Nanocomposite Materials (PGNM) which will pave the way to the generation III solar cells (high efficiency & low cost). The objective is an augmentation in the External Quantum Efficiency resulting in an increase of 20% in the short circuit current density of the thin film solar cells. To achieve such an ambitious goal, the project will focus on the development of fully tailored building block nanoparticles able to generate a plasmon effect for enhanced solar absorption in thin film solar cells. Such nanoparticles designed for an optimum absorption will be integrated in solar cells matrix using a recently developed room temperature deposition process. This step will result in the specific design of PGNM for solar cells using a knowledge based approach coupling modeling at both scales: nanoscopic (plasmonic structure) and macroscopic (solar cells). SOLAMON will address three different classes of solar cells: a-Si:H thin films, organics and dye sensitised. Developing the PGNM on these three classes aims at maximizing the project impact and not to compare them because scientific background acquired on these technologies could be easily transferred to other ones. As a matter of fact, a-Si:H technology targets mainly the BuiIding Integrated PV (BIPV) market (large surfaces) whereas the two others are most suitable for the consumer good market (nomad applications). The project workprogram, the critical path and the contingencies plans are designed to maximize both social and economic impact. For this reason, the BIPV applications (i.e. a-Si:H based technology) will be firstly considered when a strategic choice occurs, keeping in mind that, even of large economic importance, the two other technologies do not have the same key BIPV environmental and social impact.	none given	none given	none given
60998	311086	3Ps	3Ps Plastic-Antibodies, Plasmonics and Photovoltaic-Cells: on-site screening of cancer biomarkers made possible					2013-02-01	2018-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 998,584.00	€ 998,584.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-LS7	This project presents a new concept for the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of cancer biomarker patterns in point-of-care. The device under development will make use of the selectivity of the plastic antibodies as sensing materials and the interference they will play on the normal operation of a photovoltaic cell.Plastic antibodies will be designed by surface imprinting procedures. Self-assembled monolayer and molecular imprinting techniques will be merged in this process because they allow the self-assembly of nanostructured materials on a “bottom-up” nanofabrication approach. A dye-sensitized solar cell will be used as photovoltaic cell. It includes a liquid interface in the cell circuit, which allows the introduction of the sample (also in liquid phase) without disturbing the normal cell operation. Furthermore, it works well with rather low cost materials and requires mild and easy processing conditions. The cell will be equipped with plasmonic structures to enhance light absorption and cell efficiency.The device under development will be easily operated by any clinician or patient. It will require ambient light and a regular multimeter. Eye detection will be also tried out.	none given	none given	none given
60999	913576	NANODAOHP	Nanoparticle based direct absorption oscillating heat pipes for solar thermal systems					2016-11-01	2017-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 15,000.00	€ 15,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IIF	Developing sustainable solar energy technology becomes extremely important to secure our energy future. A highly novel solar thermal technology, from both nanotechnology and phase change approaches, is proposed in this project to address the limitations associated with conventional solar thermal collectors. In this innovative technology, direct absorption nanoparticles are used to overcome the surface-controlled heat transfer limitation and absorb solar energy directly in the carrying fluid, and oscillating vapour bubbles (in oscillating heat pipes) are used to drive the fluids instead of pumps. Preliminary studies have shown the feasibility of the new concept, which has both prosperous scientific and applicaton propsects. Scientifically, it extends the direct absorption nanoparticles into a phase change domain, and practically it could promote the emergence of a new generation of solar collector. A systematic program is proposed in this project to address the challenges associated with the novel concept, which extends from suitable direct absorption nanofluid formulation, understanding the role of nanoparticles in the evaporation and condensation process, to its performance in ossillating heat pipes. The project is an ambitious, highly novel piece of work ideally suited to a Fellow with a strong background in solar energy and thermal science and engineering. The Fellow in question, Dr Lizhan Bai is perfectly (perhaps uniquely) suited to drive this project to success as he has independently designed, constructed and experimented with a number of challenging flow and heat transfer devices, especially heat pipe systems, and has outstanding analytical and mathematical modelling capability, which will contribute uniquely to the project. It will allow significant knowledge transfer into Europe, especially heat pipe systems, and create potentials long term collaborations and mutually beneficial co-operation between Europe and China.	none given	none given	none given
61003	331003	NRforHF	Development of Advanced Renewable Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation Technology					2013-10-01	2015-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 168,794.40	€ 168,794.40	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF	The project is aimed at developing the nanoscience and technology required for efficient production of hydrogen fuels by using H2O and solar energy as sources. It is basically a laboratory based research work, which includes the design and development of hierarchical Schottky nanostructures (HSNs) and thereby Solar Fuel Cells (SFC) for hydrogen fuels. Today, the realization of technology to harvest the solar radiation into various forms is a crucial and significant task since presently available conventional energy sources are fossil, hazardous and expensive. Recently, nanostructured materials, building blocks of various devices, have received great attention due to their large aspect ratio, surface area and unique physical and chemical properties. In this direction, the proposed project is aimed to develop a new class nanostructures i.e. HSNs and investigate their performance as photocatalyst. Initially, we will develop a high quality HSNs using three-step process: seeding, first order nanostructures (nanorods as stems), and second order hierarchical structures (nanoparticles, nanohairs, nanorods). Then, we will probe the impact of growth conditions on their physical and chemical properties. Finally, the best quality HSNs will be adopted for the development of SFCs and studied their photocatalytic performance as a Nano Reactor for Hydrogen Fuel (NRforHF).	none given	none given	none given
61089	603718	SIKELOR	Silicon kerf loss recycling					2013-11-01	2016-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,954,286.20	€ 1,401,498.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENVIRONMENT	ENV.2013.6.3-1	Solar energy direct conversion to electricity is expanding rapidly to satisfy the demand for renewable energy. The most efficient commercial photovoltaic solar cells are based on silicon. While the reuse of feedstock is a severe concern of the photovoltaic industry, up to 50% of the valuable resource is lost into sawdust during wafering. Presently, the majority of silicon ingots are sliced in thin wafers by LAS (loose abrasive sawing) using slurry of abrasive silicon carbide particles. The silicon carbide is not separable from the silicon dust in an economical way. The newer FAS (fixed abrasive sawing) uses diamond particles fixed to the cutting wire. It is expected that FAS will replace LAS almost completely by 2020 for poly/mono-crystalline wafering. The intention of the proposed project is to recycle the FAS loss aiming at a sustainable solution. The main problem is the large surface to volume ratio of micron size silicon particles in the kerf loss, leading to formation of SiO2 having a detrimental effect on the crystallisation. The compaction process developed by GARBO meets the requirements of a reasonable crucible-loading factor. Overheating the silicon melt locally in combination with optimised electromagnetic stirring provides the means to remove SiO2. The technology developed by GARBO removes the organic binding agents, leaving about 200 ppm wt diamond particle contamination. If untreated, the carbon level is above the solubility limit. Formation of silicon carbide and precipitation during crystallisation is to be expected. The electromagnetic mixing, in combination with the effective means to separate electrically non-conducting silicon carbide and remaining SiO2 particles from the silicon melt by Leenov-Kolin forces and the control of the solidification front, is the proposed route to produce the solar grade multi-crystalline silicon blocks cast in commercial size in a unified process.	none given	none given	none given
61251	608623	DNICAST	Direct Normal Irradiance Nowcasting methods for optimized operation of concentrating solar technologies					2013-10-15	2017-10-14	nan	FP7	€ 3,778,616.29	€ 2,994,758.08	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2013.2.9.2	Concentrating solar technologies (CST) have proven to be very efficient sources of “clean” power for the electrical grid. The efficient operation of concentrating solar technologies requires reliable forecasts of the incident irradiance for two main reasons. First, such forecasts yield a better management of the thermodynamic cycle because it becomes possible to dynamically fine tune some of its parameters such as the flow rate of the working fluid or the defocusing mirrors. Second, the electricity production can be optimally connected to the grid.Currently, forecasts are made by several techniques, which have their own merits and drawbacks. The uncertainty in the forecast of the DNI is still too large and must be reduced. Therefore, we propose a concept of portfolio of innovative or improved methods and possibly hardware that can be assembled by company experts to answer the specific needs of a given plant.To fulfil the objective, the Consortium will follow a strategy based on interactions with potential users of the system nowcastings, i.e., the plant operators. Requirements expressed by users will be collected and then converted into requirements on optical properties of the clear atmosphere and clouds for the design or improvements of methods. Users’ feedback on the advances will be later collected in the course of the project where intermediate results will be shown. A final workshop will be held for the demonstration of the final version of the methods and their combinations. Additionally, bilateral face-to-face meetings will collect technical views that cannot be expressed in a general forum comprising competitors. These individual meetings will help in addressing the issue of the further commercial exploitation of the assembled know-how. A detailed plan for the scientific dissemination was developed.	none given	none given	none given
61308	254339	POMHYDCAT	Coupled Polyoxometalate – Hydrogenase Catalysts for Photocatalytic Water Splitting					2010-09-15	2013-09-14	nan	FP7	€ 242,927.80	€ 242,927.80	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IOF	Alternatives to fossil fuels are of rapidly increasing importance, driven by concerns over energy security, cost, and global warming. In response to these concerns, the EU has set the target of obtaining 20% of all energy from renewable sources by 2020. A key challenge in renewable energy is finding an efficient way to convert plentiful solar energy into a source of chemical energy which can be stored, used for applications such as transportation, and consumed without releasing carbon dioxide – that is, a means of using solar energy to split water into molecular hydrogen and oxygen. This fellowship aims to develop a novel approach to complete water splitting, taking an interdisciplinary approach that combines recent breakthroughs in polyoxometalate-based water oxidation catalysts and enzymatic hydrogen evolution catalysts. The proposed hybrid systems will be among the first complementary polyoxometalate-enzyme catalysts; they also promise to become the first molecular catalytic systems to efficiently split water under visible light irradiation in mild conditions.	none given	none given	none given
61437	227017	CLEAN WATER	Water Detoxification Using Innovative vi-Nanocatalysts					2009-06-01	2012-05-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,364,800.67	€ 1,705,224.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENVIRONMENT	ENV.2008.3.1.1.2.	The concept of the project is based on the development of innovative nanostructured UV-Visible photocatalysts for water treatment and detoxification by using doped TiO2 nanomaterials with visible light response. The project aims at an efficient and viable water detoxification technology exploiting solar energy and recent advances in nano-engineered titania photocatalysts and nanofiltration membranes for the destruction of extremely hazardous compounds in water. To this aim, the UV-vis responding titania nanostructured photocatalysts will be stabilized on nanotubular membranes of controlled pore size and retention efficiency as well as on carbon nanotubes exploiting their high surface area and unique electron transport properties to achieve photocatalytically active nanofiltration membranes. This will be the crucial component for the fabrication of innovative continuous flow photocatalytic-disinfection-membrane reactors for the implementation of a sustainable and cost effective water treatment technology based on nanoengineered materials. Comparative evaluation of the UV-visible and solar light efficiency of the modified titania photocatalysts for water detoxification will be performed on specific target pollutants focused mainly on cyanobacterial toxin MC-LR and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC) in water supplies as well as classical water pollutants such us phenols, pesticides and azo-dyes. Particular efforts will be devoted on the analysis and quantification of degradation products. The final goal is the scale up of the photocatalytic reactor technology and its application in lakes, tanks and continuous flow systems for public water distribution.	none given	none given	none given
61731	608466	REELCOOP	Research Cooperation in Renewable Energy Technologies for Electricity Generation					2013-09-01	2018-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 7,287,845.20	€ 5,170,961.40	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2013.2.9.1	REELCOOP stands for REnewable ELectricity COOPeration, and will address 5 areas: photovoltaics (PV), concentrated solar power (CSP), solar thermal (ST), bioenergy and grid integration. REELCOOP will develop decentralised (distributed) building integrated PV systems and ST/biomass micro-cogeneration systems, as well as centralised generation of electricity in hybrid solar/biomass power plants. This is in accordance with the EU SET-Plan approach of developing a European electricity grid able to integrate renewable and decentralised energy sources.The overall aim of REELCOOP will be to significantly enhance research cooperation and knowledge creation on renewable electricity generation, involving Mediterranean partner countries (MPC), while at the same time developing and testing new renewable electricity generation systems. The proposed systems will be developed in European organisations with collaboration of MPC partners, and tested under real-life operating conditions in the MENA region, thus establishing a cooperation network amongst partner countries.Three novel prototype systems will be developed and tested, being representative of both micro (distributed) and large (centralised) scale approaches to electricity generation: prototypes 1 and 2 are representative of typical micro-generation systems, while prototype 3 is representative of a large scale power plant on a reduced scale. The development of the 3 prototypes will also contribute to bring to the market energy efficient, renewable electricity generation systems. The environmental sustainability and economics of the prototype systems will be assessed, and the results obtained will be disseminated to industry and research, as proof-of-concept of renewable electricity generation solutions. Grid integration will also be assessed. The prototype systems will have a great potential for exploitation/commercialization. The commercialisation of the systems will bring economic and environmental benefits to the EU.	none given	none given	none given
61768	295273	NANEL	Functional ordered NANomaterials via ELectrochemical routes in non-aqueous electrolytes					2012-01-01	2014-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 250,800.00	€ 250,800.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IRSES	“The NANEL joint exchange project aims to establish long-lasting research cooperation between Portuguese, Bulgarian, Belgian, Belarusian and Russian scientists in the field of electrochemical synthesis of advanced nanostructured materials. The collaborative consortium joins together a critical mass of the expertise available in the involved groups. The partners bring the complementary experiences and experimental facilities which are essential for effective development and testing of the nanomaterials for to be applied in sensors and photovoltaics. Mutually beneficial transfer of knowledge will be implemented through an intensive exchange program between six partner organizations.The main technical objective of the project is development of novel functional nanomaterials for sensors and solar cell applications on the basis of ordered nanoporous anodic oxides. The main scientific novelty of the project is functionalization of the porous anodic oxides, such as alumina or titania based ones, via electrochemical or electrophoretic ways using non-aqueous electrolytes. Ionic liquids and molten salts will be used as prospective candidates for the electrolytes. The electrochemical synthesis of nanomaterials has several important advantages because of relatively low costs and fine control of the process parameters. The suggested approach will confer creation of new ordered functional nanomaterials via electrochemical routes which are not possible in water-based electrolytes. Use of non-aqueous solution confers significant advantages for specific materials which are not stable in presence of water or can not be electrodeposited because of the relatively narrow electrochemical window of water.”	none given	none given	none given
61799	231019	NANO-MAT	Self-Assembled Nanostructures for Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials					2009-02-01	2013-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 100,000.00	€ 100,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	PEOPLE-2007-4-3.IRG	Bio-inspired self-assembled nanostructures comprises one of the most exciting developments in the fields of chemistry, physics, biology and materials science. These materials are vastly ordered structures with high-aspect ratio and are used as scaffolds to create chemically functionalized surfaces with control at the atomic level. The chemical properties of the materials are highly tailorable based on the choice of organic struts. These remarkable characteristics and properties have interesting applications such as photovoltaic cells, selective catalysis, adsorption, sensing, and bio-recognition. Herein, it is now proposed to extend the range of properties of self-assembled nanomaterials to encompass presentation of chemically functional groups on novel nanostructures. Our design approach relies upon hydrogen bonding, amphiphilic and metal chelating small molecules programmed to form nanostructures upon need. The work to be performed will encompass design, synthesis and characterization of self-assembled nanoscale materials in variuos architectures. Quantitative experimental studies of metal binding capability and systematic experimental use of the nanostructures will be studied for building devices for practical applications. The proposed interdisciplinary studies will accumulate knowledge that may lead to novel highly selective catalytic ensembles, chemical sensors, chemically smart coatings and alternative renewable energy products.	none given	none given	none given
61825	230964	SOAFNPCM	Supramolecular Organization and Application of Functional Nanostructures of Phthalocyanine-like p-Conjugated Molecules					2008-10-01	2011-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 45,000.00	€ 45,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	PEOPLE-2007-2-2.ERG	We plan to use supramolecular chemistry and self-assembly as a tool to organize p-conjugated molecules of the family of the phthalocyanines in a controlled way, in order to build well-defined, nanometer-sized functional objects. More concretely, we want to synthesize phthalocyanine-like molecules that are able to aggregate by p-p stacking interactions forming stable nanowires or nanoparticles. These assemblies are expected to have unprecedented physical properties, which will be studied both in solution and in the solid state, our final goal being the incorporation into nanoscale devices for organic photovoltaics, data storage or sensors that yield an enhanced performance and/or derive in novel potential applications.	none given	none given	none given
61842	256797	MACCSOL	The development and verification of a novel modular air cooled condenser for enhanced concentrated solar power generation					2010-09-01	2015-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 5,912,100.20	€ 4,088,546.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2010.2.5-1	This project will develop and verify a novel modular air cooled condenser (MACC) for concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. This technology will enable CSP plants to increase net power output, and reduce costs compared to existing dry cooled plants. Conventional dry cooling is unresponsive to changes in ambient conditions. However, the MACC will incorporate sensors which detect changes in temperature, ambient wind, and fan flow rate, and control algorithms, which will communicate with these sensors to continuously vary fan speed. The MACC will therefore maintain optimum condenser pressure and temperature irrespective of ambient conditions. As a result, turbine outlet conditions will always be optimised, thus maximising power output and reducing operating costs. Also, because the MACC is modular, installation and maintenance costs will be significantly reduced.The project will first optimise and characterise the performance at module level. Fan control algorithms will be developed and interfaced with temperature and flow sensors which will be developed. At system level, module layouts will be investigated to assess the possibility of harnessing the wind to assist fan operation. Both system and module level development will involve numerical simulation, analytical modelling, physical scale modelling, and measurements on full scale prototypes. The effects of all design options will be assessed using thermodynamic models. Techno-economic modelling will assess the life time cost implications of various design options. To prove the merits of the MACC, full scale testing in an operational CSP plant will be performed. The main outputs of the project will be patented MACC designs, an industrial scale prototype, and dissemination of project activities to ensure a lasting project legacy.	none given	none given	none given
62114	605028	INTERSOLAR	Development and demonstration of intelligent non-contact inspection technology for concentrated solar power plants					2013-09-01	2015-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,377,116.19	€ 1,063,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2013-1	Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) is the renewable energy source with the highest potential for growth. From a strict techno-economic aspect, the two CSP technologies which are currently commercially viable are those based on parabolic trough and Linear Fresnel Reflector designs. Parabolic trough concentrators are the most widely deployed type of solar thermal power plant. Most of the existing parabolic trough plants operate up to 400°C, but with recent technological advances the maximum operating temperature of newly commissioned plants can reach 550°C. Solar thermal power plants still face several technical problems related to the structural integrity and inspection of critical components such as the absorber tube and piping of the coolant system. It is currently impossible to inspect the absorber tube as it is located inside a glass envelope under vacuum. Moreover a significant proportion of the coolant system is insulated to minimise heat losses and therefore it cannot be inspected unless the insulation has been removed beforehand. One of the highest priorities for the European solar thermal energy industry is the significant improvement of the structural reliability of critical components of CSP plants. This should involve a solid reduction in inspection and maintenance costs mainly associated with unpredicted failures and leaks.INTERSOLAR seeks to decrease by a noticeable margin the number of failures associated with the coolant system and absorber tubes of CSP plants resulting in the minimisation of corrective maintenance costs. The consortium members of the project will achieve this through the development and successful implementation of an intelligent guided waves inspection platform based on the use of preferably non-contact Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer Sensors (EMATs).	none given	none given	none given
62247	329195	XLIM	Well-defined Conjugated Block Copolymer Nanofibers and their Applications in Photovoltaic Devices					2013-04-08	2015-04-07	nan	FP7	€ 231,283.20	€ 231,283.20	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF	“This proposal for a Marie Curie Fellowship focuses on the preparation of well-defined nanofibers from conjugated polymers and their use in photovoltaic devices. This project will be highly interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary, involving polymer synthesis, polymer self-assembly in the solution state, polymer crystallography, polymer physics, the physics of semiconducting materials, the fabrication and characterization of photovoltaic devices, and nanoscience. Therefore, this research is expected to have a substantial multidisciplinary impact ranging from polymer chemistry to polymer physics, to materials science, and to expand our knowledge of photovoltaic devices. To achieve the project goals it will be vital to combine the expertise of the applicant, Xiaoyu Li, on nanofibers and polymer-based device fabrication, with that of the host, Prof. Ian Manners, on polymer synthesis and crystallization-driven self-assembly of block copolymers in solution. Mr. Li is completing his Ph.D. in Canada and after working with Prof. Manners in the UK he aims to find a faculty position in China, his country of origin.”	none given	none given	none given
62251	220272	PORASOLAR	Organic Optoelectronic Device					2009-01-01	2010-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 169,094.27	€ 169,094.27	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	PEOPLE-2007-4-3.IRG	This program targets the development of novel porphyrin-based organic light-harvesting materials exhibiting satisfactory solubility, physical and electrochemical properties and light conversion efficiency. Fabrication of stable organic solar device with up to 5 % power conversion efficiency will be pursued. It builds directly upon the world leadership in organic polymer based solar cells of Linz institute for organic solar cells (LIOS) and the applicant’s professional expertise in synthesis of porphyrin and highly conjugated compounds for light-harvesting application. A synthetic strategy addressed in the project is the combination of porphyrin and appropriate co-absorber in a form of triazine derivatives to achieve extensive light-harvesting ability throughout visible spectrum. Effects of porphyrin-co-absorber linkers, attachment sites, central metal on the porphyrin ring and solubilizing groups on the photoactivity of the compounds will be investigated to optimize the molecular structure and functionality. In order to reach the proposed goal, the project will bring together the established expertise of the project participants in the development of organic light harvesters, photophysical and photochemical characterization of such materials and reel to reel device fabrication and optimization. The achievement of the project objectives will establish the potentiality of this technology to achieve a step change to higher organic photovoltaic device efficiency and economically reasonable and environmentally friendly production process.	none given	none given	none given
62252	301369	CHESS	Block Copolymers for High Efficient Solar Cells with novel Structures					2012-04-01	2014-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 193,594.80	€ 193,594.80	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF	“This IEF project aims to address both hurdles apparent in the fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaics (OPVs), i.e. the tailoring of the domain size to be close to the excitonic diffusion length and the stability of the blend morphology, through a wise incorporation of block copolymers in the blend that forms the active layer of OPVs. My target is to fabricate highly efficient solar cells with enhanced morphological stability and prolonged lifetimes, applying process techniques that can be easily adopted by industry. The self-assembly properties of block copolymers as well as their ability to form well controlled nanostructures and to act as compatibilizers in the blends of the respective homopolymers will be exploited to form stable nanomorphologies with optimum domain size, according to the specifications required for OPV applications. An integrated study will be conducted, starting from fundamental research on the polymer physics of the ternary system: rod-like homopolymer A – homopolymer B – rod-coil copolymer A-B. Next, the blends which exhibit the desirable co-continuous morphological characteristics will be incorporated into OPVs and the device performance and stability will be studied and optimized. Finally, I am going to apply the concepts of graphoepitaxy, a novel technique applied for the fabrication of well-ordered arrays of block copolymers, in the construction of OPVs, in an effort to realize the ideal interpenetrating structure proposed and achieve even higher efficiencies through a precise control of the nanostructure. The scope of the proposed research lies on the cutting-edge field of organic electronics (OE), which is of strategic importance for the competitiveness and the advancement of the socio-economic conditions of the European Union. The skills acquired during my studies will be complemented by the extensive experience of the host institute on OE to assure a successful accomplishment of this fully interdisciplinary project.”	none given	none given	none given
62254	275319	HySOL	Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Materials through Controlled Self-Assembly of Nano-Building Blocks					2011-04-01	2011-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 163,800.00	€ 163,800.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IEF	There have been major advances in the efficiency and efficacy of flexible electronic devices such as Organic Photovoltaics (OPV’s) and Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDS). Premature failure of the devices will occur through ingress of moisture and oxygen. Today there is however no simple, low cost process to create a “barrier” to such ingress and extend device lifetimes. This project will investigate the structure–barrier property relationships in inorganic-organic hybrid coatings. The structures will be formed through the controlled self-assembly of nano-scale inorganic building-blocks synthesized through adaption of sol-gel chemistry. A variety of characterization methodologies including NMR, GPC, LC-MASS, DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), WAXD (wide-angle X-ray diffraction), SAXS (small-angle X-ray scattering) will be used to assess the structures formed. Focus will be directed toward regimes of hybrid composition where the inorganic self-assembles as lamellae. Such structures offer the prospects of coatings which give both the high “barrier” and the high optical transparency required in targeted applications. Cytec Surface Specialties, a chemical company, is the world leader in the supply of radiation curing resins for coatings and has the capabilities to formulate, apply, cure and test these hybrid coatings. The prospective fellow, Dr D Kogelnig, will have ample potential to expand his chemical skills from his previous work on the P/O/C based inorganic chemistry of ionic liquids to Si/O/C based chemistry required here and broaden his technical competences in polymer chemistry. His geographic transfer (Austria to Belgium) and from academia to industry is an example of genuine mobility. The training available would help him establish a career in Industry, but should he return to academia his experience will make his potential contribution from an academic environment all the more valued by industrial partners.	none given	none given	none given
62262	236566	SOLARPAT	Self-nanostructuring Polymer Solar Cells					2009-04-01	2010-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 154,102.06	€ 154,102.06	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-IIF-2008	The participant’s research objective is to develop new and viable solar cell architectures in which self-assembled and light-induced nanostructures improve device manufacturing, construction, and operation. The participant, an optical applied physicist whose expertise is nonlinear dynamics, will be hosted by the ICFO-Institute of Photonic Sciences where she will join nanophotonics researchers trained in chemistry, material science, and physics. She will contribute the knowledge of numerical methods for analyzing pattern formation, self-assembling, and light scattering dynamics and will theoretically and experimentally investigate the sunlight absorption and exciton dynamics due to nanostructures. Among many mutually-beneficial long-term benefits of the participant’s involvement at ICFO is the encouragement of future collaborations between the Third country, the U.S., and European research groups. There is increasing environmental, commercial, and scientific interest in organic and polymer solar cells because the technology uses low-cost and biodegradable materials for producing electrical energy, however, challenges remain. In this research proposal, we summarize recent advances and general schemes for improving thin-film solar cells using nanostructures, largely from within the last 5 years. We describe what tools are not yet available and unresolved physical explanations accompanying demonstrated measurements. We cite examples of self-assembled thermally-annealed nanostructures that show promising results, as well as methods that we will develop for modeling and optimizing new solar cell designs. The research proposed here will focus on the designs for stable bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells, however, results from the investigations may also be relevant to other thin-film solar technology, and may contribute to future nanofabrication processes or methods of nano-characterization.	none given	none given	none given
62300	273316	SYNABCO	Synthesis and Application of Block Copolymers for Interfacial Stability in Organic Solar Cells					2011-09-01	2013-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 209,092.80	€ 209,092.80	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IEF	“SYNABCO will increase the efficiency and lifetime of organic solar cells (OSCs) by creating a highly original and industrially viable polymer layer which will bind critical components together within the device. Finding an inexpensive, clean and completely renewable energy source is the most pressing challenge of current times. OSCs offer superb potential to meet this challenge but are currently not able to do so because they are inefficient and lack long term stability. It is critical that the technological break-through required to bring solar energy to every household across the world is explored while we are still in a position to do so. The scientific goal of SYNABCO is to provide just such a step-change technology platform. SYNABCOs multidisciplinary solution will exploit polymer nanotechnology and so although it will be ‘smart’ it will also be cheap and readily scaleable. Moreover, as it will be developed in concert with Konarka, the largest manufacturer of OSCs in the world, it will be immediately applicable in a global marketplace. The IP, papers and seminars that result from SYNABCO will also help maintain the EU as a leading centre for both academic and industrial research into OSCs. SYNABCO will also provide a unique training opportunity to develop a highly skilled fellow with broad OSC-relevant scientific skill and knowledge sets. The SYNABCO fellow will additionally receive training in a broad range of complementary skills. The training, skills and knowledge base with which SYNABCO will imbue the fellow will ensure that upon successfully completing the project he will be capable of becoming a leading research figure in OSCs within the EU. The ERA will thus reap considerable benefit from the development of an independent and mature researcher with a truly transnational background who will be able to contribute a significant and long term research effort into a pivotal area of research in which it is vital that the EU remains at the forefront.”	none given	none given	none given
62315	340906	MOLPROCOMP	From Structure Property to Structure Process Property Relations in Soft Matter – a Computational Physics Approach					2014-02-01	2019-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,025,000.00	€ 2,025,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-AG-PE3	“From cell biology to polymer photovoltaics, (self-)assembly processes that give rise to morphology and functionality result from non-equilibrium processes, which are driven by both, external forces, such as flow due to pressure gradients, inserting energy, or manipulation on a local molecular level, or internal forces, such as relaxation into a state of lower free energy. The resulting material is arrested in a metastable state. Most previous work has focused on the relationship between structure and properties, while insight into the guiding principles governing the formation of a (new) material, has been lacking. However, a comprehensive molecular level understanding of non-equilibrium assembly would allow for control and manipulation of material processes and their resulting properties. This lag of knowledge can be traced to the formidable challenge in obtaining a molecular picture of non-equilibrium assembly. Non-equilibrium processes have been studied extensively on a macroscopic level by non-equilibrium thermodynamics. We take a novel route approaching the challenge from a molecular point of view. Recent advances in experimental, but especially computational modeling, now allow to follow (supra-) molecular structural evolution across the range of length and time scales necessary to comprehend, and ultimately control and manipulate macroscopic functional properties of soft matter at the molecular level. Soft matter is particularly suited for that approach, as it is “slow” and easy to manipulate. We take the computational physics route, based on simulations on different levels of resolution (all atom, coarse grained, continuum) in combination with recent multiscale and adaptive resolution techniques. This work will initiate the way towards a paradigm change from conventional Structure Property Relations (SPR) to molecularly based Structure Process Property Relations (SPPR).”	none given	none given	none given
62335	295303	SUN ON CLEAN	Study of soiling effect and glass surface modification of concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) modules: Climate influence and Comparative testing					2012-02-01	2015-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 53,200.00	€ 53,200.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IRSES	“The present multi-annual International Research staff exchange program has the aim to strengthen the research partnerships among European (Italy and Spain) and Third Countries (Brazil and Russia) in the field of Concentrating photovoltaic (CPV). The scope of the project is (I) to promote a transfer of knowledge between the partners on the CPV technology, (II) to study the soiling effects on CPV modules and (III) to propose alternative solutions for glass surface modification in order to reduce the dust accumulation on the photovoltaic modules. For the first time a throughout comparative testing will be carried out, bringing new scientific insight about surface functionalization and climate influence on the photovoltaic performances. The transfer of knowledge between the partners will take place through several cross actions comprising seminars, courses and trainings to be held both in Europe and in third Countries, as well as through the research activities foreseen in the project. This project will strengthen the European expertise and knowledge on the CPV technology, in order to promote a wider exploitation of this renewable Energy resource producing a step ahead towards a sustainable global energy system. The results of the research will be disseminated throughout scientific publications and by means of final Workshop where new proposals for reinforcing the research cooperation between European and third Countries research organizations in this field will be launched.”	none given	none given	none given
62345	262484	POLYGLASS	Development of a new method to produce high efficiency solar concentrators based on polymer casted directly on glass					2010-12-01	2012-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 1,218,531.20	€ 896,762.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-1	To develop a production method for manufacturing of optical lenses with micro structured surface and extreme high precision of details in large format. The Developed Product shall be utilized to improve the efficiency of Solar collectors. The primary target is the Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) market. Today the CPV manufacturer use concentrating optics made from PMMA (Acrylic) or silicon on glass. The disadvantage by using PMMA is the expected lifetime of the material. When PMMA is exposed to continues UV radiation is the expected lifetime according to leading producers of PMMA limited to 15 years. It might also be expected that the light transmission will be significant reduced during the lifetime. The Concentrator optics in a CPV module make up approximately 23% of the cost for 10 x concentration system. It is therefore essential for the CPV market to have access to Concentrator optics in large format in order to move from the development stage to large scale deployment. CPV modules of today are using an average concentration ratio in the range of 300: to 500:1. The trend within CPV is going towards higher concentration ratio, studies has shown 2 junction solar cell with an efficiency of > 31% @ 3000:1 concentration ratio. With a solar cell size of 5.5 x 5.5 mm2 is the dimension of the concentrator lens approximately 300 x 300 mm2 @ 3000:1 concentration ratio. The purpose of the concentrator lens is to focus all the light on the solar cells surface, is it extremely important to avoid warping of the substrate used to carry the actual lens surface. By using polymer on a well known material such as glass can the warping be avoided. In systems based on PMMA lenses will the exterior surface absorb moisture faster than the surface facing the solar cell, which will cause the entire lens to deflect significantly. This will change to focal point of the lens, which will cause lower energy production.	none given	none given	none given
62362	303779	LBL OF CNTS FOR SCS	Preparation of ITO free transparent conductive electrode via layer-by-layer deposition of carbon nanotubes and its application for solar cells					2012-04-01	2015-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 75,000.00	€ 75,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG	The objective of this work is to prepare ITO free transparent conductive electrodes on glass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate via layer-by-layer deposition (LBL) of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and to utilize the prepared electrode for solar cell devices.First, CNTs will be chemically functionalized with carboxylic acid and amine groups. Next, the substrates will be subjected to oxygen plasma etching to introduce hydroxyl groups, followed by immersing in gamma-APS (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) solution. Then, CNT multilayer will be formed on the gamma-APS modified substrate via LBL deposition of carboxylic acid and amine functionalized CNTs alternatively. The deposition conditions will be optimized by measuring the sheet resistance and optical transmission and it will be compared with standart ITO values. In addition, film thickness and morphology will be investigated with ellipsometry and AFM, respectively. Moreover, the CNT multilayer film on the substrate (glass and PET) will be subjected to adhesion and chemical resistance test, and to mechanical bending tests for PET substrate. Finally, solar cell device will be fabricated on the CNT multilayer electrode by using commercial photoactive polymers. The electrical properties and device efficiency values will be investigated and compered with the one with ITO coated substrate.Here, I believe that this proposal is very relevant to the work programme since it includes material science, nanoscience, and optoelectronic and energy device application, which are known to be among the core topics of FP7 programme. Also, the CIG programme is very relevant to myself since i started my career in Turkey (associate country of FP7 programme) as a fresh PhD holder after i came back from South Korea, where i resided and completed PhD work.	none given	none given	none given
62411	267816	LILO	Light-In, Light-Out: Chemistry for sustainable energy technologies					2011-01-01	2015-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,399,440.00	€ 2,399,440.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-AG-PE5	The project is concerned with a coordinated approach to the development of of novel chemical strategies for light harvesting by photovoltaic cells and light generation using light emitting electrochemical cells. Both technologies have proof of principle results from the PIs own laboratory and others world-wide. The bulk of efficient dye sensitized solar cells rely on transition metal complexes as the photoactive component as the majority of traditional organic dyes do not possess long term stability under the operating conditions of the devices. LECs based upon transition metal complexes have been shown to possess lifetimes sufficiently long and efficiencies sufficiently high to become a viable alternative technology to OLEDs in the near future. The disadvantages of state of the art devices for both technologies is that they are based upon second or third row transition metal complexes. Although these elements are expensive, the principle difficulties arise from their low abundance, which creates significant issues of sustainability if the technology is to be adopted. The aim of this project is three-fold. Firstly, to further optimise the individual technologies using conventional transition metal complexes, with increases in efficiency leading to lower metal requirements. Secondly, to explore the periodic table for metal-containing luminophores based on first row transition metals, with an emphasis upon copper and zinc containing species. The final aspect is related to the utilization of solar derived electrons for water splitting reactions, allowing the generation of hydrogen and/or reaction products of hydrogen with organic species. This latter aspect is related to the mid-term requirement for liquid fuels, regardless of the primary fuel sources utilized. The program will involve design and synthesis of new materials, device construction and evaluation (in-house and with existing academic and industrial partners) and iterative refinement of structures	none given	none given	none given
62721	284216	COMPOSOL	Fibre Reinforced Composite Reflectors for Concentrated Solar Power Plants					2012-01-01	2014-06-30	nan	FP7	€ 1,414,187.36	€ 1,104,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2011-1	The principle of concentrated solar power (CSP) is to reflect and focus solar energy collected from a wide area on to one point, using the thermal energy to produce steam or a hot liquid in order to transfer or store the energy.For this proposal, the solar collector will be made of carbon fibre composite material. This can be designed to be stiff (maintaining its position) whilst being light weight. For a similar sized currently used heliostat CSP, the structure would be self supporting (Sandwich structure) the weight would be 627kg, giving a weight saving of 80% of the backed structure and 23% of the unreinforced glass collector.This weight saving has benefits in terms of installation and transportation, but the main advantage of the weight saving is, the energy required to adjust the collector would be greatly reduced thus a reduced energy control system could move the collectors during service. With the metal components removed, corrosion resistance is greatly reduced.An advantage of a carbon fibre structure is the low coefficient of thermal expansion. In the areas that will benefit most from a CSP, the arid conditions produce high temperature variations daily.The technical goal of this project is to produce lightweight yet robust components for CSPcollector components. Materials and processes will be identified and exploited to optimise the product and issues preventing optimisation will be investigated and solved. This proposal will have several aspects of work. Design and production of a novel composite collector, producing an adequate reflective surface on the composite, ensuring composite supports for the reflective surface, protecting that surface, and evaluating the effectiveness of the product. Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) will be considered to deposit a highly reflective coating onto a composite that will need to be manufactured to a high accuracy (surface finish) and durability.	none given	none given	none given
62893	291482	INTERSOLAR	Rectifying interfaces for solar driven fuel synthesis					2012-04-01	2018-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,800,000.00	€ 1,800,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-AG-PE5	There is rapidly growing interest in the science required to enable the conversion of solar energy into molecular fuels, motivated both by the need to develop a renewable, globally scalable transportation fuel strategy and the need to address the intermittency limitations of solar electrical power generation. Rapid progress is being made in the fabrication of inorganic, low cost, nanostructured photoelectrodes which utilise visible irradiation for such fuel syntheses, including water photolysis and CO2 photoreduction. However the efficiency of low cost photoelectrodes remains modest, due significantly to electron / hole recombination in the photoelectrode competing effectively with interfacial photochemistry. I propose to address this limitation by the use of multilayer interfaces designed to achieve enhanced uni-directional (i.e.: rectifying) charge separation, building directly from the extensive lessons I have learnt from my studies addressing an analogous challenge in dye sensitized solar cells. A key focus will be on the functionalisation of photoelectrodes with molecular and/or inorganic multi-electron catalysts to enhance the specificity and efficiency of the photoelectrode for fuel synthesis, exploiting recent, rapid advances in the syntheses of such catalysts. The use of rectifying interfaces is essential for the encorporation of such catalysts onto photoelectrodes, enabling the accumulation of multiple oxidations on the catalyst without this accumulation resulting in enhanced recombination losses. The proposal will undertake the assembly of such multilayer photoelectrodes, utlilising state of the art photoelectrode and catalyst materials, and the functional characterisation of these photoelectrodes, including measurement of interfacial electron transfer dynamics, with the aim of developing materials design rules which will enable systematic optimisation of photoelectrode function for efficient solar driven fuel synthesis.	none given	none given	none given
62987	302088	PHOTOQWELL	Photonic optimisation of multiple quantum well structures for single and dual-junction solar cells					2013-01-15	2015-01-14	nan	FP7	€ 200,371.80	€ 200,371.80	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF	“Concentrator photovoltaic solar systems achieve some of the highest module power conversion efficiencies and have the potential for clean electricity generation in the world’s deserts and arid regions. Sunlight is collected by inexpensive optical collectors and focused upon small but highly efficient solar cells. Still, the costs of the overall system is high and further improvements must be done to enable the general implantation of this technology. This project will raise the efficiency of those highly efficient multi-junction solar cells by using nanotechnology to tailor the optical and electronic properties of the photovoltaic material. Key to the project is the design of internal optical modes in the solar cell, exploiting quantum effects, maximising absorption, reducing radiative loss and enabling the cells to become more tolerant to the changes in the solar spectrum that occur naturally during the day and season of the year.These designs will then be demonstrated in single and monolithic dual-junction prototype solar cells with the potential to break the present world record for a dual-junction solar cell of 31.7% and aiming to a 35% efficient devices.”	none given	none given	none given
63046	290490	ECNP-GROWTH	CONSOLIDATION OF THE EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR NANOSTRUCTURED POLYMERS					2012-02-01	2015-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 537,624.50	€ 444,192.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP.2011.4.0-5	This proposal addresses the consolidation of the European Centre for Nanostructured Polymers – ECNP – which was established in 2006 by the European Network of Excellence NANOFUN-POLY (FP6 2004-2008) and is currently operating in coordinating research, dissemination and technology transfer activities among its partners. ECNP is focused on the continuation of the four main activities of the NoE: a joint research road map, a joint educational programme, a joint infrastructure and joint technology transfer services in the specific field of multifunctional nanostructured polymers and nanocomposites.So, this support action intends to consolidate ECNP offering a realistic financial plan to expand the current activities by ensuring coverage of industrial technologies research and transfer relevant to the main application sectors addressed by ECNP: Manufacturing (Polymer Nanocomposites), Energy (Flexible Photovoltaics), Healthcare (Biomaterials), and ensuring the extended participation of relevant industrial partners. It is expected that this support action will improve coordination in research and innovation on polymer nanotechnologies and will generate a more robust critical mass of the durable integrated structure of ECNP, leading to a better structuring of the European Research Area.	none given	none given	none given
63074	622187	NMAOREL	Novel materials for organic electronics					2014-06-02	2016-06-01	nan	FP7	€ 221,606.40	€ 221,606.40	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF	A series of new conjugated polymer materials and conjugated small molecules based on new isoindigo analogues core for high performance, air stable, ambipolar OTFTs and/or OPV will be developed. The main requirements of the materials are: (1) enough solubility for solution processability; (2) decreased LUMO level (increased electron affinity) and HOMO level (to achieve air stability) with a low band gap; (3) highly organized microstructure with favourable molecular orbitals packing along the larger and planar pi-system direction.	none given	none given	none given
63271	309620	RECLAIM	Reclamation of Gallium, Indium and Rare-Earth Elements from Photovoltaics, Solid-State Lighting and Electronics Waste					2013-01-01	2016-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 7,072,109.20	€ 4,715,525.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP.2012.4.1-2	Prospective global supply and demand for gallium, indium and other key metals show an increasing discrepancy, amongst others due to the explosive growth of green technologies such as photovoltaics (PV) and solid-state lighting (SSL). While their primary production is highly controlled by a few countries, recycling systems to reclaim these materials from discarded products are not yet in place. This makes Europe susceptible for the provision of materials that are crucial for meeting policies on energy saving and renewability, as well as challenges the further development of the concerned industrial sectors.Hence there is a strong need to establish recycling systems for PV, SSL and other electronic waste and capitalise on these as yet unexploited and growing deposits of key materials. The bottlenecks are in the disconnection and sorting of the parts with the targeted materials from the waste and in the release, concentration and purification of the reclaimed metals. More in particular, the concerned materials tend to be used as compounds (gallium arsenide, gallium nitride, indium tin oxide) rather than in their elemental form and to be applied as thin layers on substrates in overall very low amounts.Objectives of the proposed project are (1) technological solutions that relieve current bottlenecks in the recycling of gallium, indium and rare-earth elements, and (2) demonstration of their application potential by means of a pilot implementation in an industrial setting. The project is to result in separation methods for electronic assemblies that reduce manual work (>80% automation) as well as in subsequent recovery methods that yield recycled materials of commercial-grade quality (>99-99.99%, depending on the element), apt to fit an industrial context and being environmentally compliant. To this end, (thermal) disconnection methods, part recognition methods and hydrometallurgical refining processes will be developed. Impact assessments will also be included.	none given	none given	none given
63350	613732	ENTHALPY	Enabling the drying process to save energy and water, realising process efficiency in the dairy chain					2013-11-01	2016-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 8,309,413.00	€ 5,981,433.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-KBBE	KBBE.2013.2.5-02	Saving energy and water in the Dairy industry, by introducing innovations in the processing plant. Namely RF heating, solar thermal energy, mono-disperse atomising, dryer modelling, inline monitoring, cleaning with enzymes and membrane technology. With these technologies energy and water loops are closed instead of lost in the plant. These technologies will be demonstrated in pilot facilities.The proposal has significant SME participation to realise industrial and commercial relevance.	none given	none given	none given
63389	228743	NOVA-CI(G)S	Non-vacuum processes for deposition of CI(G)S active layer in PV cells					2010-01-01	2013-06-30	nan	FP7	€ 5,405,072.70	€ 3,474,727.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP-2008-2.4-2	Current production methods for thin film photovoltaics typically rely on costly, difficult to control (over large surfaces) vacuum-based deposition processes that are known for low material utilisation of 30-50%. NOVA-CI(G)S proposes alternative, non-vacuum ink-based simple and safe deposition processes for thin film CI(G)S photovoltaic cells. The low capital intensive, high throughput, high material yield processes will deliver large area uniformity and optimum composition of cells. The project objectives are to achieve competitive about 14% small area cell efficiency and to demonstrate the processes at high speed on rigid and flexible substrates while maintaining acceptably high efficiencies. The processes reduce cost of the CI(G)S layer by 75-80% in comparison to the evaporated CI(G)S, which translates into a 20-25% reduction of total module cost. Major scientific breakthroughs of the project include improved materials control in novel precursor materials by using nano-sized particles of specific chemical and structural characteristics and innovative ink formulation, to enable coating by simple processes while avoiding the use of toxic gases in subsequent process steps. This industry-led project constitutes the first essential step for a fully non-vacuum, roll-to-roll process aimed to achieve the solar module production cost below 0,8 €/Wp that will make photovoltaic directly competitive to traditional energy generation.	none given	none given	none given
63390	241384	HIPOCIGS	New concepts for high efficiency and low cost in-line manufactured flexible CIGS solar cells					2010-01-01	2012-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 5,018,483.67	€ 3,644,791.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2009.2.1.1	The Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) on glass technology is already heading towards industrial maturity, but to meet the production cost target of below 0.6 €/Wp in mid-term and below 0.4 €/Wp in long-term, development of highly efficient flexible modules is an attractive option. The ultimate advantage of thin-film technology is the possibility of monolithically connected flexible modules produced with high speed roll-to-roll manufacturing systems. Partners of this proposal have already demonstrated a record efficiency of 14.1% for cells on polyimide and >15% efficiency cells on metal foil using “static deposition” processes. However, transfer of “static deposition” process to “in-line deposition” on moving substrates brings additional challenges for control of layer composition and interfaces. Choice of appropriate substrate and deposition processes to overcome problems of thermal mismatch-related stress are important for high performance and monolithic cell interconnection. The main goal of the project is to develop innovative flexible substrates and deposition processes suitable for the in-line and/or roll-to-roll production of highly efficient solar modules using thinner (< 1 micron) CIGS absorbers and with potential for production costs below 0.6 €/Wp in future. The objective will be achived by developing novel concepts in growth of “high quality” layers and interfaces for efficiency improvement, aiming a new world record efficiency of 16% on polyimide and low-cost metal (mild steel and Al-based) foils. Also, the implementation of in-line compatible buffer, improvements in interconnect technologies and application of multifunctional top layer will lead to an advancement towards roll-to-roll manufacturability of integrated solar modules. This project will help research institutions to maintain a Global lead in CIGS field and will enable the European industries to implement the research excellence in industrial production of low cost flexible CIGS solar modules in future.	none given	none given	none given
63405	329346	ATOMIC	Advanced Transformation Optical Materials for bio-Imaging and light-Concentration					2013-06-15	2016-06-14	nan	FP7	€ 294,693.00	€ 294,693.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IOF	With the dramatic advances in micro- and nano-fabrication methods, we are presented with the opportunity to control light in a way that was not possible with the materials provided to us by nature. In an artificial pattern of sub-wavelength elements, the propagation of electromagnetic energy can be defined by an equivalent spatial and spectral dispersion of effective dielectric and magnetic properties. Transformation optics (TO) is a new paradigm for the science of light, which is enabled by recent developments in our fabrication capabilities with respect to metamaterial-based devices. TO is based on the invariance of Maxwell’s equations with respect to coordinate transformations, provided that the basic optical parameters of materials, dielectric permittivity ε(r) and magnetic permeability µ(r), are also transformed appropriately. This makes possible molding and controlling light on all scales, from macroscopic sizes down to the deeply sub-wavelength scale. My project aims to study the fundamentals of the emerging area of TO through the use of novel metamaterial-based devices. These photonic elements hold the promise for establishing new paradigms in integrated photonics by enabling an unprecedented control of light. We will develop both the simulation tools and the fabrication processes for creating a new-generation of planar magnifying hyperlenses and light concentrators. While the first components are fundamentally useful in order to image below the diffraction limit, the latter can be revolutionary for boosting photovoltaic cell efficiency. Following these goals, during the last part of our experimental campaign, our devices will be incorporated in two home-made set-ups; one for the evaluation of the photo-electric efficiency, and the second for the imaging of biological sample carrying sub-wavelength features. Finally, both these two experimental set-ups will be tested and characterized while the figure of merit of our devices will be evaluated.	none given	none given	none given
63464	321988	HTFORTCOS	A High-Throughput Computational Search for New Transparent Conducting Oxides					2012-08-01	2015-07-31	nan	FP7	€ 75,000.00	€ 75,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG	Transparent conducting oxides (TCO) are materials exhibiting the unusual combination of transparency in the visible range and high electrical conductivity. These materials are essential to many technological applications (e.g., photovoltaics, low-emission windows, touchscreens…). Important experimental efforts are currently focused at finding cheaper and better performing alternatives to the currently used TCO materials. This experimental process can however be very time consuming as the chemical space to explore is rather large. On theother hand, many of the relevant properties (e.g., optical absorption, electronic mobility, dopability,…) can be nowadays evaluated by first principles computations. This offers up the possibility to accelerate the TCO discovery process by computationally searching, on a largescale, new TCO compounds using available electronic structure techniques such as density functional theory and many-body perturbation theory in the GW framework. While such approach will be used to directly search for new TCO materials, the large data set generated will also be used to enhance the fundamental understanding of the relation between materials factors at the atomic scale and the relevant TCO properties, helping therefore the materials design process.	none given	none given	none given
63723	276836	VisDynamics	Visualizing Molecular Structural Dynamics					2011-08-01	2014-07-31	nan	FP7	€ 45,000.00	€ 45,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG	Here, I seek funding to study the conformational dynamics of lipid bilayer fusion and electronic excitations in organic electronics, i.e. organic photovoltaic materials. I plan to use time-resolved wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) for these experiments, which I have developed funded by an Intra-European fellowship.Direct observation of structural dynamics will have enormous impact in many natural sciences. Here I will demonstrate this using two examples.(1) Fusion of cell membranes is central to life. It is important for endocytosis, viral infection, and its malfunction causes widespread diseases, such as Alzheimer or obesity. Despite its importance, the molecular mechanism of cell membrane fusion remains unproven. Time-resolved WAXS, as developed by myself, opens a unique experimental window to visualize the structural dynamics of the process. If successful, these experiments will significantly contribute to the understanding of the lipid bilayer fusion mechanism.(2) Semiconducting polymers are currently actively investigated due to their potential use in electronic devices,. Using time-resolved WAXS, I propose to study the structural relaxation that key-polymers undergo when electronically excited. The study will shine new light onto the long-standing photophysical question about the nature and degree of structural relaxation of a molecular backbone when exposed to light. I also seek to visualize the structural relaxations in organic photovoltaic materials, which are thought to be performance limiting.Combining my research experience prior and during the Intra-European fellowship, all experiments target fundamentally important scientific questions and each project will open a new experimental window to study molecular structural dynamics	none given	none given	none given
63793	239988	MIMESIS	Microscopic Modelling of Excitonic Solar Cell Interfaces					2009-10-01	2013-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 1,050,000.00	€ 1,050,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-PE4	Organic Photovoltaic Solar Cells and Dyes Sensitized Solar Cells (collectively referred to as Excitonic Solar Cells) are one of the major alternatives to silicon photovoltaics and the subject of the proposed investigation. The PI s expertise in the theory of single molecule electron transport, organic electronics and condensed phase simulations will be used to build a research team that will investigate all elementary processes that take place at the interface of excitonic solar cells. For the first time within a single theoretical research team, the same attention will be paid to the morphology of the relevant interfaces, their electronic structure at an atomistic level and the computation of the rates of the elementary processes (e.g. charge separation, charge recombination, triplet formation, etc.). Although the rates of the interfacial processes are what determine ultimately the efficiency of the cell, no theoretical tool so far has been used for their prediction and to guide the synthesis of new materials. This limitation of theory is related to the intrinsic complication of electron and exciton transfer across heterogeneous interfaces whose study does not fall within the remit of a single discipline. Breaking the traditional boundaries between soft-matter and quantum chemistry simulations and between solid state theory and molecular photochemistry, the proposed research aims at providing what is thought to be the best possible theoretical description of excitonic solar cells that can be achieved in 4 years time. The proposed investigation will provide a comprehensive understanding of the relation between chemical composition and efficiency in excitonic solar cells that will serve as a reference for future investigations in the field of photovoltaic research.	none given	none given	none given
63830	329953	POLYMAP	Mapping and Manipulating Interfacial Charge Transfer in Polymer Nanostructures for Photovoltaic Applications					2013-06-01	2015-05-31	nan	FP7	€ 231,283.20	€ 231,283.20	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF	“The goal of the proposal is to develop unique capability and understanding of electroactive materials and their composites, for photovoltaic applications, through the use of emerging nanoscale electrochemical imaging techniques. By combining the strong background and experience of the Fellow (Josh Byers) in materials science, with the impressive facilities, equipment, infrastructure and expertise at the Host Institution, exciting new directions in hybrid photovoltaic materials will developed and explored. Nanostructured organic and inorganic materials are attractive for potential low cost photoelectrochemical energy generation for large scale exploitation. However, these materials are characterized by nanoscale features (typically tens of nm’s), and it has only now become possible to study their electrochemical response on a similar length scale using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM), recently invented by the Host Institution. The Fellow will join the Host group to expand the current capabilities to include high resolution photoelectrochemical imaging to study in detail the local (photo)electrochemical processes that occur at the interfaces of electrode materials for next generation photovoltaic devices (eg. dye sensitized solar cells), elucidating the impact of nanoscale morphology and structure on activity. Exploiting the nanoscale dimensions of the SECCM system, new methods for fabricating conjugated polymer nanostructures and composites will also be investigated to develop novel electrode materials. Through a combinatorial approach made possible by SECCM, these materials will be studied in-situ following their fabrication. The results of the project will provide a new view of photovoltaic devices at the nanoscale, ultimately allowing the rational design of improved solar cells. Dissemination to a wide audience is planned to maximise impact and opportunities in Europe.”	none given	none given	none given
63851	329513	EXTMOC	Exciton Transport in Molecular Crystals: The Role of Dynamic Disorder					2013-09-09	2015-09-08	nan	FP7	€ 221,606.40	€ 221,606.40	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF	The need to develop renewable energy sources has stimulated a rapid growth of photovoltaic technology which uses solar energy to directly convert the daylight into electricity. Photovoltaic cells based on π-conjugated organic materials, also known as organic solar cells, potentially offer a significant reduction cost compared to inorganic solar cells and allow for large-scale production since organic materials can be solution-processed. However, the fundamental processes that determine the efficiency of these organic photovoltaic cells are still not understood. In particular, a deeper molecular-level comprehension of the exciton transport and charge generation mechanisms that take place in these photovoltaic devices is crucial to rationally design novel and enhance organic semiconducting materials for highly-efficient photovoltaic devices.The aim of this project is to develop a theoretical model able to give an appropriate description of the exciton transport mechanism in molecular crystals and to explore the connections between this mechanism and the free charge generation in photovoltaic junctions. Emphasis will be made on the role of the dynamic disorder but the other elements highlighted in the recent literature (vibronic effects, charge transfer excitons) will be included as well. The formalism will be complemented by atomistic study of the nuclear dynamics and electronic structure calculations so that accurate parameters can be feed into the model. Finally, the improved understanding of the exciton wavefunction will be used to provide a microscopic picture of the exciton dynamics in bulk and near the interface with an electron acceptor.	none given	none given	none given
63910	321571	SOLAR-ERA.NET	ERA-NET on Solar Electricity for the Implementation of the Solar Europe Industry Initiative					2012-11-01	2016-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,284,101.34	€ 1,999,987.77	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2012.10.1.2	The goal of SOLAR-ERA.NET is to undertake joint strategic planning, programming and activities for RTD and innovation in the area of solar electricity generation, i.e. photovoltaics (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP). Joint activities, namely joint calls, are defined for key topics and priorities in accordance with the Solar Europe Industrial Initiative (SEII) based on the Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan and its related Implementation Plans for PV and CSP.The network’s activities will primarily involve the launching of joint calls for RTD proposals by national and regional RTD and innovation programmes. In order to define and support best joint activities, strategic information exchange and use of implementation tools will be carried out among the network participants and associates from key stakeholder groups.As the largest European network ever – with 19 partners from 18 countries and regions – in the solar power field, SOLAR-ERA.NET will involve more than 20 RTD and innovation programmes dealing with PV and CSP. This high level of involvement of most relevant stakeholders will provide excellent outreach and coordination needed for an efficient and coherent approach in the highly diverse and versatile RTD landscape.The EC funding (for the ERA-NET project) shall be multiplied by a factor of 50 in the form of joint calls. These joint calls for RTD and innovation topics in PV and CSP shall result in a total funding volume by the participating programmes of at least 50 MEUR. Assuming an average leverage factor of associated funding by industry and research of 2,5, this shall lead to the mobilisation of at least 125 MEUR in joint projects.SOLAR-ERA.NET will thus contribute to reach the objectives of the SEII, namely boosting the development of the PV and CSP sector beyond “business-as-usual”, and of the ERA-NET, namely enhancing cooperation between the national/regional programming stakeholders at European level.	none given	none given	none given
63916	232062	PV-SERVITOR	Autonomous cleaning robot for large scale photovoltaic power plants in Europe resulting in 5% cost reduction of electricity					2009-09-01	2011-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,500,222.19	€ 1,205,383.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-1	The PV-Servitor project focuses on concepts for a fully autonomous cleaning robot for ground mounted large scale photovoltaic power plants consisting of several 100 kW units. The PV-Servitor shall be able to automatically clean glass surfaces of solar modules in several areas of up to 2,500 square meters in an unrestricted way. Its application will increase the electricity output of the PV plant by 8% at a service cost of only 3%, thus resulting in a 5% user-benefit by cost reduction of the electricity yield. Europe’s largest PV distributor and Europe’s largest PV module manufacturer, as well as other important players active in the main European PV markets such as Germany and Spain, strongly support this SME project as potential end-users and grant access to their large scale PV power plants. This end-user involvement will also guarantee the SME’s a rapid market success after the completion of the PV-servitor project. Tasks for research are lightweight construction, automated cleaning of glass surfaces, the synchronisation of technical and economical lifecycles, sustainable outdoor mobility including the challenge to replace rechargeable batteries with a long life energy supply system, unrestricted navigation and cognitive vision systems for pollution detection and cell inspection.	none given	none given	none given
63946	260087	P-MOB	Integrated Enabling Technologies for Efficient Electrical Personal Mobility					2010-05-01	2013-04-30	nan	FP7	€ 4,351,761.00	€ 2,788,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	GC-ICT-2010.10.3	The P-MOB project is aiming at breaking the link between the growth in transport capacity and increased fatalities, congestion and pollution. Transport is responsible for 73% of total oil consumption in EU, it is a major source of pollution and greenhouse gas emissions and the chief sector driving future growth in world oil demand. Most continents have an increasing dependence from primary energy. The demand on increased safety, reduced noxious and green house emissions has the following expectations: less than 30.000 fatalities in EU in the 2010, radical reduction of both CO2 and NOx aiming at zero local emissions. Transport will be faced to the followings: People and good will increase their need of mobility some 35% per decade for at least 3-4 decades – The number of megalopolis is increasing and most of the traffic will be urban – Urban centers are more and more congested and closed to traffic; 1% of our GDP is wasted in congestion – Mobility is related to invariants such as: people move 1 hour a day – The average speed, since it has measured the first time in 1923, is stable in the range 35-40km/h – people tend to relate mobility to a mental freedom and as many as 90% of km are run with a single occupant – In EU 1 more million cars are on the road every 50 days and globally the number of vehicles is projected to 2200 millions in the 2050. The emerging markets require at most low cost and environment compatible vehicles. P-MOB addresses the above challenges proposing: a novel concept of fully electrical personal mobility, reduction of system complexity concentrating on the essentials, advanced systems integration including solar cells, e-motor and magnetic torque control of the wheel, power-energy management, distributed pack of accumulators, technologies to sell-buy electricity by adaptable vehicle to grid connections. On an average day in South EU the propose vehicle is aiming at 20 km/day by using solar energy only.	none given	none given	none given
64080	223888	BeyWatch	Building EnergY WATCHer					2008-12-01	2011-05-31	nan	FP7	€ 5,083,578.00	€ 2,873,170.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	ICT-2007.6.3	Targeting environmental sustainability, energy efficiency and new power distribution business models, BeyWatch aims to design, develop and evaluate an innovative, energy-aware, flexible and user-centric solution, able to provide interactive energy monitoring, intelligent control and power demand balancing at home, block and neighbour level.The system will interconnect legacy/consumer electronic devices with a new generation of energy-aware white-goods in a common network, where multilevel hierarchic metering, control, and scheduling will be applied, based on power demand, network conditions and personal preferences. By scheduling and controlling the electronic devices operation, BeyWatch aims to minimize power distribution peaks, balancing energy load in power distribution networks and ultimately achieving predictable large-scale energy-consumption profiles. Moreover, BeyWatch will integrate an innovative combined photovoltaic/solar (CPS) system, which will provide hot water for white goods in order to reduce/remove the energy-hungry heating operational cycles and generate electrical energy, which can be utilised at home, or during peak periods even fed to the electricity network in a reverse power generation/ distribution business model.BeyWatch proposed solution combines innovation in six areas:a) Technologies for very low-cost white goods’ power consumption. Incorporate ultra-low power motor control and FET technologies (refrigerator) and removal/ reduction of the heating phases by using hot-water available from solar energy and smart cycles (washing machine, dishwasher).b) Mechanisms and standards for in-home ultra low-cost communications. Select the most appropriate technology and protocol for seamless, reliable and ultra low-cost in-home communication and control of white goods and consumer electronic devices.c) Intelligent personalized energy-management/control and small-scale power demand balancing platform. Design and build an intelligent metering/remo	none given	none given	none given
64243	301103	LiSF	Mechanics of Energy Storage Materials: Swelling and Fracturing in Lithium ion Batteries electrodes during Charging/Discharging Cycles					2013-04-29	2014-08-28	nan	FP7	€ 170,046.27	€ 170,046.27	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF	One of the greatest challenges facing the electric power industry is how to deliver the energy in a useable form as a higher-value product, especially in the area of renewable energy. By storing the power produced from immense renewable sources off-peak (e.g., daytime for solar energy) and releasing it during on-peak periods, energy storage can transform low-value, unscheduled power into high-value “green” products.The development of high-energy and high-power storage devices has been one of the research areas of top-most importance in recent years. Lithium batteries currently have the highest energy storage density of any rechargeable battery technology. Their behavior is based on the classical intercalation reaction during which lithium is inserted into or extracted from both cathode and anode. Huge volume changes are associated with this process, often resulting in disintegration of the material.Exploration of nanostructure is one of the encouraging research directions in order to avoid materials failure. Experiments suggest that size reduction is an effective strategy in creating fracture resistant electrodes.Using a combination of diffusion kinetics available in the literature and fracture mechanics, the first part of project aims at giving insights on the critical size for flaw tolerant nano-structured battery electrodes. Approximated analysis of crack coalescence and debonding at the interface between active particles and porous electrodes will be achieved by means of new ad-hoc multi-physics cohesive interfaces.Since effects at different scales are involved during charge/discharge cycles, the simulation of the mechanical response of Li-Battery systems requires a multi-scale approach. The second part of the project aims at enriching current computational homogenization techniques – originally developed in the framework of elasticity for heterogeneous materials – as a tool to model the electrochemical-mechanical interactions in lithium batteries.	none given	none given	none given
64244	264710	MANANO	MANUFACTURING AND APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS					2011-04-01	2015-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,313,945.80	€ 2,313,945.80	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2010-ITN	Nanotechnologies and nanostructured materials is expected to be the most promising area of technological development and among the most likely to deliver substantial economic and societal benefits to the EU in the 21st century. It is a time of rapid advance in the development of these technologies, which can organize materials at the nanoscale and tailor their properties. This offers exciting possibilities in virtually all sectors of EU activity and could create entirely new industries. However, the exploitation of nanomaterials by European industry has been disappointing and one of the critical reasons for this is a general shortage of scientists/engineers with the knowledge to undertake relevant research and transfer the research findings into industrial production. The aim of the proposal is to encourage the very best researchers to get jobs in EU industry, where they can create these breakthrough opportunities. This will be achieved by giving them intellectually stimulating and industrially relevant research projects that will be undertaken in collaboration with universities and industry, and include industrial secondments together with comprehensive technical and complementary skills training. A network of 5 universities and research institutes, and 10 companies from 8 EU countries will be set up to carry out the integrated research and training programme. The research will include new nanomaterials for organic electronics, lithium ion batteries, solar cells on roof tiles and on flexible polymers, ultra-light aerogels for transportation and an innovative technique for 3D characterization at the nanoscale. The network will train a new generation of ESRs in the disciplines needed to understand nanotechnology and the complementary skills to enhance their career progression. All recruits employed in the programme will be ESRs and the partners will provide experienced researchers from their own staff without charge to the European Commission	none given	none given	none given
64255	629213	PHOTON	Perovskite-based Hybrid Optoelectronics: Towards Original Nanotechnology					2014-06-01	2016-05-31	nan	FP7	€ 199,317.60	€ 199,317.60	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF	Materials define progress. Organic-inorganic hybrid materials based on the perovskite crystal structure have recently attracted a great deal of attention in the field of new and emerging photovoltaics, where photo-conversion efficiencies of over 15% have been demonstrated (with independent verification at 14.1%). These recent developments are the first examples of a truly low-cost photovoltaic system based on earth-abundant materials yielding efficiencies that are competitive with traditional photovoltaic technologies. It was recently shown that photovoltaics based on hybrid perovskites can operate in a thin-film architecture. The thin-film architecture enables simplified processing, potentially better control, provided the method of processing is carefully chosen, and a greater availability of analytical tools compared to solution processing. Crucially, it is possible to transfer over 30 years of existing, proven thin-film photovoltaic technology into the new system such as photonic management in light-trapping techniques and a whole host of electronic contact engineering knowledge thus rapidly progressing State of the Art.Understanding thin-film formation and properties is paramount to the development of this technology beyond the State of the Art. The application of advanced thin-film deposition techniques such as pulsed-laser deposition allows the formation of atomically smooth films and crucially it allows control over the material stoichiometry and composition, thereby enabling control over material properties. Furthermore, sophisticated instrumentation to monitor thin-film growth in-situ thus allowing the researcher to carefully probe the processes in thin-film formation exists. Another imminent challenge is to gain control over the material crystallisation and film formation, achieving this will lead to better reproducibility thus help devise realistic industrial scale-up strategies	none given	none given	none given
64283	285273	GloNet	Glocal enterprise network focusing on customer-centric collaboration					2011-09-01	2015-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 3,647,082.00	€ 2,618,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	FoF-ICT-2011.7.3	GloNet aims at designing, developing, and deploying an agile virtual enterprise environment for networks of SMEs involved in highly customized and service-enhanced products through end-to-end collaboration with customers and local suppliers (co-creation). GloNet implements the glocal enterprise notion with value creation from global networked operations and invol¬ving global supply chain management, product-service linkage, and management of distributed units.In specific it aims to: (i) develop a novel way to commonly represent/provide information and knowledge (e.g. catalogue of products, brochures, process descriptions, best practices, company profiles, etc.) which needs to be shared/exchanged among different stakeholders in the collaborative environment as dynamic software services that may upgrade in time; (ii) generate user-customized interfaces which is adjustable to different stakeholders, supporting their access and visualization needs; (iii) provide these services through the cloud, to be available to anybody, at any time, from anywhere, (iv) demonstrate how a broker in very close contact with the customer who gives an order, can iteratively retrieve all needed information to step by step design the customer order and finally presenting the solution that is accepted by the customer, (v) support the negotiation among all involved parties, (vi) generate a workflow from the accepted/negotiated solution, which will then be automatically monitored, while also available for monitoring by the involved stakeholders, during its execution.The guiding use case is focused on the deployment and maintenance and life cycle support of solar parks. GloNet results are expected to bring major improvements in production and product life cycle support processes shortly after the conclusion of the funded project.	none given	none given	none given
64445	245513	NATIOMEM	Nano-structured TiON Photo-Catalytic Membranes for Water Treatment					2010-07-01	2013-06-30	nan	FP7	€ 4,093,309.50	€ 2,993,230.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP-2009-2.6-1	More than 1.2 billion people, mostly in poor regions, suffer from water scarcity, due to a global shortfall of potable water caused by population growth, over-exploitation, and pollution. NATIOMEM proposes to alleviate this by developing novel technology for treating contaminated surface and waste water so that it will be potable. This technology will not require electrical power, chemicals or other logistical support, and hence will be suitable for poor areas lacking infrastructure. The technology uses membranes functionalized with a photocatalytic material, eg. N-doped TiO2 (TiON). Raw water will be directed through the membrane while it is exposed to solar radiation. The membrane will filter out particles and micro-organisms larger than the its pore size, and TiON photocatalysis will kill micro-organisms, decompose and mineralize organic pollutants, and oxidize dissolved metals, thus providing a one-step treatment against a broad spectrum of contaminants. In the NATIOMEM project, functionalized membranes will be developed with two approaches: (1) coating conventional membranes with TiON nanostructured films, using several candidate deposition methods, and (2) electrospinning TiON fibers, from which membranes will be fabricated. The functionalized membranes will be characterized for their morphological, physical, mechanical, chemical, and in particular, their photocatalytic properties, and the most effective will be extensively tested to determine their pollution abatement mechanisms and kinetics. A pilot plant incorporating these photocatalytic membranes will be designed, and field tested in the Middle East and in Africa. The results of these tests will be correlated with potential end-user requirements to set the stage for industrial exploitation. Achieving this result will be a breakthrough in water purification and reclamation technology, advancing far beyond the state of the art with a system which is simple, solar enabled, and chemical free.	none given	none given	none given
64786	226364	ENERGEO	Earth Observation for monitoring and assessment of the environmental impact of energy use					2009-11-01	2013-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 7,866,511.30	€ 6,010,977.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENVIRONMENT	ENV.2008.4.1.3.1.	The main objective of the EnerGEO project is to develop a strategy for a global assessment of the current and future impact of the exploitation of energy resources on the environment and ecosystems and to demonstrate this strategy for a variety of energy resources worldwide. The global observation strategy will be developed to appropriately assess the impacts of current and future transitions in energy-use on the environment by a combination of: • models already available for the different sources of energ: TASES, REMIX and MESSAGE • existing global datasets from which environmental indicators will be derived to quantify changes to freshwater systems, biosphere, ecosystems, atmosphere and oceans. • existing and currently developed models capable of assessing and forecasting environmental impacts and costs of energy exploitation. By developing a distributed system based on the recommendations of the GEO-Architecture and Data Committee global collection and dissemination of data relating to the effect of energy use on the environment will be supported. By including members of the Energy-Community of Practice of GEO, sustained contribution of the GEO-tasks EN-07-02 and EN-07-3 will be realised. The project takes the testing and demonstration of the observing system and developed scenarios through the execution of dedicated pilots at heart. The pilots are focused on the most important issues relating to atmospheric composition and land degradation through the use of fossil fuels, future impacts of the use and production of biomass on land ecosystems and food security, sustainable integration of solar energy in current grids as well as its visual impact and relating to the impact of wind energy on marine ecosystems. Attention will be given to pollutants that are continuously cycling between the atmosphere and aquatic ecosystems. The results of the pilots feed into an integrated platform that will be run for known scenarios in order to assess energy strategies.	none given	none given	none given
64997	909106	Adsor-Resor Cycle	A new type adsorption-resorption cycle for the combined power generation and refrigeration driven by low grade heat					2012-01-01	2012-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 15,000.00	€ 15,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF	A new type of combined cycle of power generation and refrigeration, which is driven by the low grade heat such as the waste heat from chemical engineering factory and combustion turbine, and the low grade heat from solar energy, is proposed in the proposal. This new type cycle mainly includes two high temperature adsorbers with high temperature salt as adsorbent, and two low temperature adsorbers with low temperature salt as adsorbent. The working processes mainly include desorption and resorption processes. The desorption process of high temperature adsorber generates electricity, and the resorption process between two types of adsorbers, i.e. low temperature and high temperature adsorbers, generates refrigeration effect. In order to improve the power generation and refrigeration efficiency, a superheater and a precooler are designed in the cycle. Compared with traditional Rankin cycle that utilizes water as working media for power generation, this new type of combined cycle utilizes ammoniate salt as working media, thus it has higher efficiency because the temperature for desorption process of the ammoniate salt varies in the process of heating, and the average heating temperature of new type cycle is higher than that of water media in the Rankin cycle, which has an isothermal heating phase while the water vaporizes. If compared with combined absorption cycle for power generation and refrigeration, which is based on the Kalina cycle, this new type cycle not only has simple structure, but also has higher refrigeration efficiency for the reason of resorption refrigeration process, and it also has higher reliability because there are very less liquid ammonia exists in the system.	none given	none given	none given
65006	253106	ADSOR-RESOR CYCLE	A new type adsorption-resorption cycle for the combined power generation and refrigeration driven by low grade heat					2010-12-06	2011-12-05	nan	FP7	€ 120,144.80	€ 120,144.80	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF	A new type of combined cycle of power generation and refrigeration, which is driven by the low grade heat such as the waste heat from chemical engineering factory and combustion turbine, and the low grade heat from solar energy, is proposed in the proposal. This new type cycle mainly includes two high temperature adsorbers with high temperature salt as adsorbent, and two low temperature adsorbers with low temperature salt as adsorbent. The working processes mainly include desorption and resorption processes. The desorption process of high temperature adsorber generates electricity, and the resorption process between two types of adsorbers, i.e. low temperature and high temperature adsorbers, generates refrigeration effect. In order to improve the power generation and refrigeration efficiency, a superheater and a precooler are designed in the cycle. Compared with traditional Rankin cycle that utilizes water as working media for power generation, this new type of combined cycle utilizes ammoniate salt as working media, thus it has higher efficiency because the temperature for desorption process of the ammoniate salt varies in the process of heating, and the average heating temperature of new type cycle is higher than that of water media in the Rankin cycle, which has an isothermal heating phase while the water vaporizes. If compared with combined absorption cycle for power generation and refrigeration, which is based on the Kalina cycle, this new type cycle not only has simple structure, but also has higher refrigeration efficiency for the reason of resorption refrigeration process, and it also has higher reliability because there are very less liquid ammonia exists in the system.	none given	none given	none given
65011	298340	ANTSPSE	A NOVEL TRI-GENERATION SYSTEM POWERED BY SOLAR ENERGY					2012-11-01	2014-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 270,145.80	€ 270,145.80	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF	“This International Incoming Fellowship will bring a leading Chinese researcher to work in the Europe. The project has been carefully chosen to match Dr Huang’s expertise in heat and mass transfer and solar energy systems with the expertise in renewable energy application in power supply and HVAC technologies at the University of Nottingham so as to maximise the benefit to the Europe.The project aims to develop a tri-generation technology that can be used to provide decentralized electricity, heating and cooling powered by solar energy. The tri-generation is achieved by integration of steam engine with desiccant cooling/heating technology. The desiccant cooling/heating system will use an innovative membrane technology to maximise heat and mass transfer between the air and the desiccant solution and also eliminate the carryover issue associated with liquid desiccant systems. The proposed research investigates electricity output, heat and mass transfer properties through theoretical and experimental measures. A small scale prototype system will be designed and constructed and tested under a range of conditions. The proposed programme of work will take a maximum of 24 months to complete.The training of the researcher will be achieved through regular supervision and mentoring and a carefully managed research programme including computer modelling of heat and mass transfer, development of a prototype system and primary test as well as economic and environmental analyses.”	none given	none given	none given
65099	299517	PECQDPV	PLASMONICALLY ENHANCED COLLOIDAL QUANTUM DOT PHOTODETECTORS AND PHOTOVOLTAICS					2012-05-01	2014-04-30	nan	FP7	€ 176,053.20	€ 176,053.20	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF	“Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have recently attracted significant attention as a candidate material for optoelectronic devices, and in particular photodetectors and solar cells. These materials can be manufactured in the solution phase and spin-cast onto a variety of substrates, significantly reducing the cost of device fabrication. Additionally, the bandgap of CQD films can be tuned to allow absorption of specific wavelength regions by varying the diameter of the CQDs, due to the quantum confinement size effect. To maintain efficient charge extraction in these devices, the thickness of the CQD layer is restricted, resulting in devices that are limited by non-complete absorption. To improve efficiencies it is necessary to decouple the optical thickness from the electrical thickness by employing novel light-trapping schemes. Plasmonics offers the opportunity to confine light in sub-wavelength volumes, increasing the absorption in thin films. Discrete metal particles can be fabricated on a glass substrate, by simple self assembly or by nano-fabrication techniques, before the CQD are spin cast thus allowing plasmonic scattering structures to be incorporated into the cells without significantly increasing the complexity or cost of cell fabrication. By integrating plasmonic light trapping based on sub wavelength scattering structures with CQD devices, we will aim to dramatically increase the absorption, while maintaining good electrical characteristics, and hence achieve gains in overall performance and efficiency. Additionally, we will study the physical mechanisms behind plasmonic enhancement by employing FDTD simulations to investigate the scattering behaviour of single particles and periodic arrays embedded in CQD films, and combine this with simple conceptual models to design optimal scattering structures. These will be fabricated on CQD devices with the aim of providing the maximal absorption enhancement possible with plasmonic structures.”	none given	none given	none given
65417	299571	CO2REDUCTDINUCLEAT	“A New Approach to Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction Based on Supramolecular, Dinucleating Catalysts”					2012-09-15	2014-09-14	nan	FP7	€ 170,327.10	€ 170,327.10	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF	“In this project it is wanted to synthesize a new family of homobimetallic complexes with designed characteristics for the activation and conversion of CO2. The principles derived from these studies will be applied to electrocatalysis or photocatalysis, for the reduction of CO2 to biocombustibles like MeOH, HCHO or OHCOCOOH, with high values for the activity, turn over number (TON), and rate of the reaction (turn over frequency, TOF) as well as the lifetime of the catalyst. Why is this goal proposed? Because recently, there has been considerable focus on the rapid increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and in particular CO2 is of major concern. This rise in greenhouse gas concentrations has been linked to the warming of the global climate observed since the mid-20th century, and is projected to result in extensive environmental damage. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in its fourth assessment report, published in 2007, suggested that the observed warming is “very likely” due to greenhouse gas emissions from anthropogenic sources, particularly the burning of fossil fuels. This concern, coupled with the projected need for independent and renewable energy sources, has focused considerable attention on the potential use of solar energy for the production of chemical fuels. A particularly attractive scheme would involve the use of solar energy to produce an electrical current, which would then be employed for the reduction of CO2 to provide carbon-neutral energy sources as alternatives to fossil fuels. Thus, the main two targets of this project are important issues in the modern society: global warming and the need of new sources of energy.”	none given	none given	none given
65440	285343	INROADS	INtelligent Renewable Optical ADvisory System (INROADS)					2011-12-01	2015-05-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,853,305.00	€ 2,536,758.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-TRANSPORT	SST.2011.5.2-2.	This project aims to develop Intelligent Road Studs (IRS) combining LED lighting, sensor systems and communication technologies. The IRS will integrate renewable energy technologies that will fully or partially power the devices, making them self contained. The principle identified renewable technologies are solar photovoltaic and piezoelectric, although other sources will be investigated. Powering the units using renewable energy will reduce carbon emissions and allow for their use on sections of highway with no readily available power source. The integration of communication technology, and for certain applications, sensors within the individual units will enable enhanced traffic management and driver information and this will represent the significant step forward over existing systems, as the lights will be able to communicate with each other and with a central control. Intelligent Road Studs embedded across the highway will create a number of new intelligent lighting applications that will enable the more effective operation of the highway network, improve safety, and reduce CO2 emissions by maximising the use of the existing asset and reducing the need for additional road construction.The safety of the systems and the optimum positioning of the lights will be assured through human factors simulation, and assessed during a period of validation testing, initially of the units, and subsequently through a live trial.Development of appropriate devices will be based not only on the extensive combined experience within the group, but also through an advisory board comprised of road operators and experts, who will also extend the geographic range of the consortium. The potential for prompt delivery to market is strengthened considerably by the presence of Siemens, who have sales channels in over 20 countries.	none given	none given	none given
65501	273648	SOLFORRENEW	A comprehensive framework for high-resolution assessment and short-term forecasting of the solar resource for renewable energy applications					2011-10-03	2014-10-02	nan	FP7	€ 212,869.60	€ 212,869.60	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IOF	“The foreseen depletion of the fossil resources is forcing us to seek for new energy springs but the everyday issue of the climate change claims for non-pollutant solutions. In addition, it is expected that the demand for electricity will strongly increase between 2006 and 2030. Therefore, it is unavoidable the transition to more and more renewable energy shares. In this scenario, solar and wind energy are probably the only energy solutions that are acceptable enough to sustain the planet’s long term requirements.However, as solar and wind energies are strongly dependent on highly variable weather, increased penetration rates will lead to strong fluctuations in the electricity grid. Therefore, renewable energies cannot guarantee the amount of energy which is requested by the users and secondary support energy sources are required. Consequently, accurate assessments and forecasts of the resources are pivotal for optimal sitting of the facilities and improved planning and operating decisions. In this proposal we address the development of the methods for assessing and forecasting the solar resource using Numerical Weather Prediction models, the current state of the art in weather modelling. The outgoing phase will be conducted at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) of the USA, one of the foremost centers in weather modelling.The fellow will acquire high-quality research training, NCAR’s work methodologies, organization, transfer of knowledge and synergy with university and private sector. Reintegration will increase the perspectives available on this topic in the EU and the experience will be used in future management positions of the fellow. This project will help to promote the solar production in Europe and to increase its penetration in the electricity grid. This proposal will help to meet the increasing demand of electricity, to decrease the emission of greenhouse gases, and also to overcome the dependency of energy imports from outside Europe.”	none given	none given	none given
65543	608784	FREE-MOBY	People Centric easy to implement e-mobility					2013-09-01	2016-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 6,031,840.00	€ 3,997,764.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	GC-ICT-2013.6.7	The FREE-MOBY project is focused to the implementation of easy to deploy micro fully electrical vehicles (450-650kg and speeds up to 90+ km/h)) and city EVs (650-1000kg). By an extra cost of only 15% solar installations in roof houses can be integrated with robust battery packs that can smooth peak powers up to 30%. Solar parking and integrated photovoltaic-battery installations are becoming more and more popular in many EU countries. The availability of largely deployed renewable energy installations attracts a large number of EV users with a push-pull impact on efficiency, reduced energy waste (wind) and dependency on hydrocarbons. FREE-MOBY addresses:• Developments of prototypes of premium Micro EVs for both passengers and freight delivery applying large scale manufacturing concepts,• Full convergence between renewable energy and electromobility with common technology developments,• Demonstration of secure and smart interactivity vehicle to infrastructures,• Development of a simplified electric architecture serving a two motor powertrain with robotised two gear box and independent two axels control,• Development of universal battery-monitoring systems, with a focus on simplified battery management systems based on pure monitoring of cells status,• Development of sub-module battery packs holdings integrating monitoring and managing sensing electronics,• Development of modular battery packs sub-modules based on standard battery cells including the option of safe partial swapping,• ICT use leading to lower vehicles production cost and simplified maintenance,• Developments smart photovoltaic modules with embedded electronic,• Integration of simplified overall electric architectures by adopting the ICT advancements introduced in portable devices. The project will open a new route in electro-mobility based on simplicity, freedom of operation, low cost of use and easy to find components.	none given	none given	none given
65615	239582	POLYDOT	Control of the Electronic Properties in Hybrid- Quantum Dot/Polymer-Materials for Energy Production					2009-11-01	2014-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,299,960.00	€ 1,299,960.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-PE4	The PolyDot project aims to foster necessary progress on frontier research that integrates a number of leading concepts in the field of photoelectrochemistry in association with new concepts from areas such as nanoscience and materials chemistry. As an example, key scientific elements of the PolyDot project are the synthesis of new molecular electronic components, such as semiconducting quantum dots, the design of self-organising functional interfaces through supramolecular interactions and the evaluation of these systems for its potential technological application as light driven energy supplier devices. Thus, the proposal is at the meeting point between supramolecular chemistry, nanostructured inorganic materials science and optoelectronic device physics. It is therefore highly multidisciplinary and involves my research group, which is working in the device physics characterisation and materials science fields. We believe that this project will develop a critical mass of expertise targeting this innovative approach towards solar powered devices allowing Europe to establish a scientific world lead and will also form a secure basis for renewable energy technological exploitation.	none given	none given	none given
65657	272362	HP-LP-SOLAR-FACADE	A Novel Heat Pump Assisted Solar Façade Loop Heat Pipe Water Heating System					2012-03-01	2014-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 210,092.80	€ 210,092.80	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IIF	The proposed research aims to develop a novel solar façade water heating system involving several technical initiatives, i.e., unique loop heat pipe structure, integrated façade and heat pipe configuration, and heat pump assisted low temperature heat pipe operation. These initiatives will have potential overcoming the difficulties associated with existing solar water heating systems, i.e., unpleasant architectural view due to use of the roof space, hazard of piping freezing due to indoor-to-outdoor water transporting, separate layout of the heat absorbing pipes and façade, and low solar efficiency. This will generate a façade integrated, highly efficient and aesthetically appealing solar water heating system. Specific objectives of the project are:1. Designing a conceptual module of the proposed solar façade water heating system2. Developing a computer model to optimise the configuration of the system and predict its thermal performance.3. Constructing and testing a prototype solar façade system in laboratory.4. Carrying out economic, environmental and regional acceptance analyses.The programme will integrate Dr Wei He, the selected incoming fellow from China, into Institute of Energy and Sustainable Development at De Montfort University. The process will result in knowledge transfer from the incoming researcher to European host which will further extend to whole Europe, in terms of advanced solar system design, computer modelling, experiment and economic and environmental analyses. It will benefit to Europe host in terms of new technology development, enhanced research capacity, and strengthen international/industrial cooperation.Results of the research will contribute to establish European excellence and competitiveness in solar heating technology, and thus help achieve EU’s goals to promotes use of renewable energy, reduce fossil fuel consumption and cut carbon emission. Deployment of the technology will help enhance EU’s economy and industrial competit	none given	none given	none given
66186	332366	TRANSOLAR	Assessing the conditions for a region-wide TRANsition to SOLAR energy in the Mediterranean					2013-11-06	2015-11-05	nan	FP7	€ 166,336.20	€ 166,336.20	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF	North Africa and the Middle East have the largest solar energy potential in the world (World Bank 2010). Developing solar energy is capital intensive, and the Mediterranean region is not rich in private and public capitals. This means that the transition to solar energy has high initial costs that Mediterranean countries cannot afford alone. Experts and political scientists have been working on how to scale-up solar energy investment to targeted countries (scaling-up problem). However, official reports showed that the shift to solar energy is taking place in very few Mediterranean countries rather than within the region as a whole (UNEP 2012). Surprisingly, no specific attention is being devoted to the problem of ‘how a region-wide transition to solar energy can be achieved in the Mediterranean’ (widening problem). The TRANSOLAR project is tackling the ‘widening problem’ directly on the ground. Drawing on comparative country-case studies in five selected countries (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt and Turkey) between 1994 and 2012, This project will offer an in-depth study of: (a) the regulatory frameworks and existing financing mechanisms in the Mediterranean region; (b) the limits and potential of Euro-Med renewable energy cooperation; (c) and the state of public participation (i.e. civil society at large) and transfer of know-how in the field of solar energy within the Mediterranean region. To gather evidence, this project will employ the following methods: semi-structured interviews with policy makers, questionnaires and a participatory assessment with public/private decision-makers. As a result of this, this project will build knowledge on how to facilitate a region-wide transition to solar energy in the Mediterranean. KEYWORDS: Socio-Technical Transitions in Developing Countries, Solar Energy, Euro-Med Relations, Governance Studies, International Relations.	none given	none given	none given
66203	248752	PRIAM	Printable functionalities for truly autonomous, intelligent lighting and signalling systems					2010-01-01	2012-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,840,459.00	€ 2,664,887.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	ICT-2009.3.3	PRIAM addresses the development of two new product families:•Light emitting autonomous road signs•Autonomous car signals and taillightsThe underling technology consists on the integration on a plastic foil of:•A solar cell•A thin film battery•Solid state light sources•A sensor of ambient light•A Radio Frequency RF communication element•An energy management processing unit.The developed systems do not need to be connected to an external source of energy, there is no need of expensive cabling or dedicated infrastructures.The new road signs can be easily applied on existing road panels which will then be luminous assuring high visibility in all climate conditions. The average age of car drivers is continuously increasing with associated lower reaction times and lower visual acuity. Benefits are then straightforward in terms of road safety in that a relevant share of car accidents happens at night because of drivers’ hesitations due to low visibility of road signs. While the car is approaching the road sign, the RF element communicates with the central processor of the car which can inform the driver by either presenting the information on the display or by a voice synthesizer.The new car signals and taillights are very thin and light; they can be easily integrated into the car body and do not need to be connected to the main battery system. The RF element assures the communication with the central computer and the pedal. The system represents a considerable advantage for conventional cars in terms of the overall lower systems complexity and reduction of fuel consume. However the major advantage is foreseen for the development of efficient electrical vehicle requiring low consume auxiliaries for higher range autonomy.The issue of low cost fabrication is addressed by implementing high throughput heterogeneous processes based on the integration of both printing and laminating technologies into roll-to-roll lines. Additionally, the car lighting systems become cheaper thanks to the low cost production, high throughput and processes implementation.The involvement of two renowned research institutions, two large industries and three SMEs, covering all aspects of the supply chain from research to the final installations, guarantees that the project results will be turned into innovative products having a direct large application potential and exploitable into several other products of the emerging flexible and organic electronics sector with a relevant impact on jobs and economy.	none given	none given	none given
66319	315049	CPV/RANKINE	Improving the Performance of Concentrating PV by Exploiting the Excess Heat through a Low Temperature Supercritical Organic Rankine Cycle					2013-01-01	2014-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,247,525.00	€ 951,550.50	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2012-1	In concentrating photovoltaic systems (CPV) the incident solar radiation is multiplied by a factor equal to the concentration ratio. The electricity production per cell area is increasing almost linear with the concentration ratio. Concentration on PV cells surface, directly results in a proportional temperature increase, deteriorating the performance of the cells. To cope with this effect, in some configurations the cells are cooled and the removing heat is then used for other purposes, like for domestic hot water production, resulting in a CPV/Thermal (CPV/T) configuration. On the other hand, Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is one the most efficient technologies to convert heat to power. The proposed innovative concept deals with the conversion of that CPV/T heat to additional electricity through the Supercritical ORC (SCORC) process. SCORC is selected because enjoys better efficiencies at low temperatures in comparison to Subcritical ORC. This integrated CPV/T-SCORC system minimizes the temperature effect on the PV cells performance and improves the annual energy productivity (in kWh/kWp). In comparison to a flat PV system a performance improvement between 15-40% is anticipated, depending on the season, along with a more efficient heat transfer from the CPV/T system to the Rankine process (i.e. lower pinch point), due to the supercritical cycle. The aim of the proposed project is to extensively study this integrated process and to develop, construct and test a hybrid CPV/T- SCORC system of 14 kWp, where CPV/T heat is effectively recovered by the SCORC process for electricity generation. A significant reduction of specific electricity cost is anticipated, reaching 0.12 €/kWh by the end of the project and around 0.10 €/kWh by 2016, making the current technology competitive in the PV market and increasing significantly the competitiveness and business cycle of the involved SMEs.	none given	none given	none given
66942	320541	SUNFUELS	SOLAR THERMOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION OF FUELS					2013-03-01	2018-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 2,187,650.00	€ 2,187,650.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-AG-PE8	The research is aimed at the efficient production of solar fuels from H2O and CO2. Solar thermochemical approaches using concentrating solar energy inherently operate at high temperatures and utilize the entire solar spectrum, and as such provide thermodynamic favorable paths to efficient solar fuel production. The targeted solar fuel is syngas: a mixture of mainly H2 and CO that can be further processed to liquid hydrocarbon fuels (e.g. diesel, kerosene), which offer high energy densities and are most convenient for the transportation sector without changes in the current global infrastructure. The strategy for the efficient production of solar syngas from H2O and CO2 involves research on a 2-step thermochemical redox cycle, encompassing: 1st step) the solar-driven endothermic reduction of a metal oxide; and 2nd step) the non-solar exothermic oxidation of the reduced metal oxide with H2O/CO2, yielding syngas together with the initial metal oxide. Two redox pairs have been identified as most promising: the volatile ZnO/Zn and non-volatile CeO2/CeO2-δ. Novel materials, structures, and solar reactor concepts will be developed for enhanced heat and mass transport, fast reaction rates, and high specific yields of fuel generation. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses of the pertinent redox reactions will enable screening dopants. Solar reactor modeling will incorporate fundamental transport phenomena coupled to reaction kinetics by applying advanced numerical methods (e.g. Monte Carlo coupled to CFD at the pore scale). Solar reactor prototypes for 5 kW solar radiative power input will experimentally demonstrate the efficient production of solar syngas and their suitability for large-scale industrial implementation. The proposed research contributes to the development of technically viable and cost effective technologies for sustainable transportation fuels, and thus addresses one of the most pressing challenges that modern society is facing at the global level.	none given	none given	none given
66999	626014	SOPRIS	Stochastic Optimal Planning for Renewable energy sources Integration in power Systems					2015-05-15	2018-05-14	nan	FP7	€ 270,964.80	€ 270,964.80	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IOF	Environmental concerns and the pursuit of sustainable energy sources have resulted in policy measures toward high shares of renewable generation. However, Renewable Energy Sources (RES), such as wind and photovoltaic power generation, are non-dispatchable, variable and uncertain. Traditionally, conventional generators provide balancing reserves. The increasing share of RES results in an increasing amount of required reserves, and hence it may have an opposite effect both from an environmental and economic point of view. The latter raises the need of cheaper and environmentally friendlier reserves providers. Demand response and storage resources could be utilized to offer ancillary services including reserve provision. However, these technologies include uncertainty, mainly introduced due to human behavior and weather conditions, rendering their successful exploitation challenging.Making optimal scheduling decisions in the presence of uncertainty is a challenging problem. The core in such mechanism to assess the trade-off between optimality and reliability. The SOPRIS project aims to address this problem by providing algorithms and tools for optimal decision making in power systems with uncertainty and provide performance guarantees for the system reliability. Specifically, we propose using stochastic and optimization based techniques to address the problem of unit commitment, reserve provision and energy scheduling both on the generation and the demand side, while taking the network and reliability constraints into account. The SOPRIS project proposes additional corrective control schemes that exploit the controllability not only of the demand side but also of other network components that may not provide reserve capacity but their set-point can be modulated in a post-disturbance situation thus leading to lower operating costs. Emphasis will be also given on the tractability of the developed algorithms to facilitate their application on large scale systems.	none given	none given	none given
67105	246637	OPTELOMAC	Opto-Electronic Organic Materials by New Acetylene Chemistry					2010-03-01	2015-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 1,690,200.00	€ 1,690,200.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-AG-PE5	“Atom-economic, atom-economic (“”click””-type)transformations of donor (N,N-dialkylaniline, TTF, ferrocene)-activated acetylenes with strong electron-accepting olefins (TCNE, TCNQ, tricyanovinyl derivatives) are applied to the construction of stable molecular and supramolecular chromophores with unusual electronic and optical properties. Their properties are characterized in interdisciplinary collaboration with the objectives to provide new classes of chromophores for opto-electronic device applications, to investigate pi-electron delocalization in acetylenic molecular architectures extending into one, two, and three dimensions, and to advance fundamental knowledge in an interplay between experiment and theory allowing prediction and tuning of opto-electronic properties. Specific aims are: 1. New “super-electron acceptors” and investigation of their intra- and intermolecular charge-transfer interactions. These non-planar, stable, and sublimable chromophores are expected to possess high third-order optical nonlinearities and are investigated for formation of amorphous, high-optical quality films and conductive or magnetic charge-transfer complexes and salts with various electron donors. 2. Optically pure alleno-acetylenic macrocycles and oligomers adopting helical conformations. The chiroptical properties of these chromophores are exceptional and will be further enhanced in supramolecular assemblies. 3. Covalently modified fullerenes with increased electron uptake capability for applications in photovoltaic devices. 4. Regular [AB]-type oligomers and polymers using the formation of charge-transfer chromophores from acetylenic precursors as the chain-propagation step. 5. Zwitterionic, redox-amphiphilic dendrimers for mono- and multi-layer formation in organic electronic devices.”	none given	none given	none given
67247	619547	VIMSEN	VIMSEN: Virtual Microgrids for Smart Energy Networks					2014-02-01	2017-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,331,399.00	€ 2,247,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	ICT-2013.6.1	The subsidy feed in tariff policy, which has recently been adopted for accelerating renewable energy investments, cannot be retained as a sustainable business model for the future smart energy grid. This is mainly because this policy increases the energy cost, especially when the amount of the energy generated by renewable sources is not negligible compared to that generated by traditional ones, as is expected to be the case in the near future. Additionally, the current centralized electricity market prevents small or very small energy producers, who usually generate energy by renewable means (e.g., photovoltaic units or wind turbines), to participate. VIMSEN addresses the aforementioned difficulties by transforming the current centralized electricity market framework into a distributed one, introducing the concept of virtual micro-grid networks. Virtual micro-grids (VMGs) are associations of distributed energy generators and/or micro-grid networks that have agreed to operate on a common basis. VMGs provides flexibility to small or very small energy generators, since, i) they can re-distribute energy resources with each other to compensate energy production-distribution, and ii) they can directly participate in the electricity market through the respective association, which acts similarly as a big power generator unit. VIMSEN researches i) on an intelligent data metering techniques suitable for the VMG distributed network, ii) on information and decision making technologies for the dynamic VMG creation in a way to optimize the participants’ benefits and macro-grid perspectives, iii) on a reliable communication infrastructure that permits Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning for data exchange in the VMG network and iv) on an active energy management and control tool for the operation of the virtual micro-grid as a common virtual power unit. Business models to investigate the trade-off between the benefits of the association and the cost of the technologies needed to establish the VMGs will also be developed.	none given	none given	none given
67342	320971	SEED	Seizing Electron Energies and Dynamics: a seed for the future					2013-02-01	2018-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,700,000.00	€ 1,700,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-AG-PE3	Electronic correlation causes a wide range of interesting phenomena, such as superconductivity or the fractional quantum hall effect. It strongly impacts our surroundings – think about defect creation through a self-trapped exciton, or, in the animal world, the adhesion of a gecko on a surface (through the van der Waals attraction). Although the underlying Coulomb interaction is « simple » and well understood, a unifying framework is still missing that would allow us to describe, analyze, understand and predict all those phenomena on the same footing. In this project we will introduce and establish a completely new method for the calculation of properties of correlated electron systems including ground state total energies, excitation spectra, electron-phonon coupling and non-equilibrium dynamics. The method is based on a non-perturbative solution of a multidimensional functional differential equation. This equation is the SEED from which distinct sub-lines of research will be grown.Based on my widely recognized experience in the field of many-body physics and starting from recent results of an exploratory study, the project will encircle the problem working on different levels of approximation, each of them introducing new physics. Thus every step along the project will allow us to tackle challenging questions, such as: “Does strong coupling in a material lead to new or exotic elementary excitations?” or “What can we say about multi – exciton generation, and how could it be tuned?”. These questions and our theoretical answers will be embedded in a tangible context through the study of emerging topics including Mott insulators and materials for photovoltaic applications. Each of these theoretical steps and planned applications carries the potential for breakthrough; together, they promise a seismic shift in our understanding of correlated processes and in our capability to predict new materials properties.	none given	none given	none given
67391	631111	CHEMABEL	Low-temperature CHEMical approaches to novel materials based on earth ABundant ELements. Towards advanced electronic and optoelectronic applications					2014-03-01	2018-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 100,000.00	€ 100,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG	“The renewable energy technologies already available are not yet capable of competing with fossil fuels mainly due to a poorratio cost/efficiency. A clear example is photovoltaic energy, for which high costs and moderate performances yield too longpayback times, despite the huge amount of solar energy constantly reaching the Earth. The key to cheap and more efficientrenewable energy sources lies in the materials at the heart of the different technologies. The synthesis of novel materialswith superior tailored properties for each particular energy application, and the development of cheap and scalablefabrication protocols is therefore crucial if renewable energy technologies are to take a main share of modern society energymix. Thus I plan to focus on the synthesis and study of novel materials based on earth abundant elements, with tailoredproperties for application in photovoltaic cells and other electronic devices, such as transparent electronics. On a complementary research line, the design of simpler and more efficient cell (nano)architectures is another key factor in maximizing the efficiency/cost ration of solar cells. In this sense I intend to develop novel nanoarchitectures in which the two main processes in solar cells, namely light abslorption and charge extraction, are decoupled and thus can be separately tackled and optimized. I want to address these goals by using and developing facile, low-cost and scalable approaches. Thehydrothermal method has proven to be a very effective synthetic approach yielding both known and new phases. Moreover,it is a low cost method and easily scalable. I have also shown the efficiency of hydrothermal reactions for the fabrication ofhybrid nanostructures. Additionally, other low-cost, solution-based methods will be explored (electrochemistry, chemicaloxidation, etc). Finally, an exciting new approach to Atomic Layer Deposition that operates at atmospheric pressure will bedeveloped and implemented.”	none given	none given	none given
67447	319067	INTECOCIS	Introducing Exascale Computing in combustion instabilities Simulations (INTECOCIS)					2013-02-01	2018-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,488,656.00	€ 2,488,656.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-AG-PE8	“INTECOCIS is a project on energy production by combustion built by IMFT (experiments, theory and instabilities) and CERFACS (numerical simulation). Combustion produces 90 percent of the earth energy and will remain our first energy source for a long time. Optimizing combustors is a key issue to burn fossil and renewable fuels more efficiently but also to replace wind or solar energy production on days without sun or wind. This optimization cannot take place without numerical simulation (‘virtual combustors’) that allows to test designs without building them. These virtual combustors cannot account for combustion instabilities (CI) which are a major risk in combustors where they induce vibration, loss of control and destruction. CIs cannot be predicted reliably today. INTECOCIS aims at introducing recent progress in High Performance Computing (HPC) into studies of CIs, to build simulation tools running on massively parallel computers that can predict CIs in future combustors and assess methods to control them. To achieve this goal, the simulations used today for CIs will be revolutionized to integrate recent HPC capacities and have the capabilities and brute power required to compute and control CI phenomena. A second objective of INTECOCIS is to distribute these HPC-based tools in Europe. These tools will integrate UQ (uncertainty quantification) methodologies to quantify the uncertainties associated with the simulations because CIs are sensitive to small changes in geometry, fuel composition or boundary conditions. Moreover, simulation tools also contain uncertain parameters (numerical methods, space and time discretization, impedances, physical sub models) that will have to be investigated as well. Most of the work will be theoretical and numerical but INTECOCIS will also include validation on laboratory burners (at IMFT and other laboratories in Europe) as well as applications on real combustors for European companies collaborating with IMFT and CERFACS.”	none given	none given	none given
67484	315019	InnovTEG	An innovative very low-cost thermo-electric technology for large-scale renewable solar energy applications					2012-09-01	2014-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,732,921.40	€ 1,290,979.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2012-1	The aim of the INNOVTEG project is to create nano-structured thermo-electric materials based on (low cost and abundant) sulphur with carefully controlled structure and properties.By doing this our consortium will create a step-change in the application of thermo-electric technologies for large-scale solar renewable applications in the EU by developing thermo-electric at massively reduced cost (€5.20/kg).The technologies developed will be particularly suited to building integrated renewable systems.This will enable us to create a very low-cost thermo-electric system suitable for building integration that can achieve an output of ~30Wp/sq.m and a power generation cost of €533/kWp (significantly less than the corresponding cost of ~€3,000/kWp for PV systems) across a range of European climatic conditions.In so doing, the InnovTEG technology will offer greatly improved environmental performance due to improved reduced dependence on fossil fuels, reduced emissions (CO2, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and particulates) at a cost that is affordable to the end-user.It is expected that the InnovTEG project will generate ~€200m million business growth for its SMEs within a 5 year period creating more than 171 jobs.The project results are expected to benefit other SMEs in the renewable energy, materials processing and electronics industry sectors.In addition, the technology has the capability to reduce CO2 emissions by 208,000 tonnes of CO2 per year 5-years post-project.	none given	none given	none given
67553	312643	SFERA-II	Solar Facilities for the European Research Area-Second Phase					2014-01-01	2017-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 8,560,764.37	€ 6,999,064.61	0	0	0	0	FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES	INFRA-2012-1.1.17.	Solar Energy, as the primary source of renewable energy, will contribute a major part of this share, and its conversion by concentrating technologies for concentrating solar power (CSP) and heat generation has long been proven cost-effective for a wide range of applications. Several CSP projects have recently been put into operation. Some 2.400 MW are under construction and several GW are in advanced stages of planning, particularly in Spain, but also in other Southern European countries, like France, Greece and Portugal.In view of this challenge for research, development and application of concentrating solar systems involving a growing number of European industries and utilities in global business opportunities, the purpose of this project is to integrate, coordinate and further focus scientific collaboration among the leading European research institutions in solar concentrating systems that are the partners of this project and offer European research and industry access to the best-qualified research and test infrastructures.This proposal deals with the continuation of the successful SFERA, now looking for a closer approach to the European CSP industry.	none given	none given	none given
67623	294965	PRIMA-ERA	Promoting and Improving Azerbaijan Research Collaboration with European Research Area					2012-01-01	2014-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 567,488.00	€ 498,621.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-INCO	INCO.2011-6.1	The PRIMA-ERA project is designed to reinforce research collaboration between the Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (IPA) and research centres in the European Research Area. The IPA is a leading organization on scientific research, knowledge transfer and graduate education in physics in Azerbaijan. PRIMA-ERA will facilitate the collaboration of the IPA with research centres in EU member and associate countries and reinforce its engagement in the FP7 projects in research topics covered by such thematic priorities as energy and nanotechnologies.The primary objectives of the project are:-to increase IPA capacities and preparedness for collaboration in the FP7 through twinning and networking, development of joint research plans and training modules and trainings;-to increase visibility of IPA for international scientific community and other stakeholders through dissemination of scientific information and promotional activities;-to ensure the compliance of the IPA’s research activities with socio-economic needs of the country and regionally and provide better career opportunities for young scientists through encouragement innovative approaches and development of research strategy.The project consortium between the IPA, CNRS Institut de Recherche et Development sur l’Energie Photovoltaique, CNRS-IRDEP (France) and TUBITAK – Marmara Research Centre, TUBITAK – MAM (Turkey), has been established to effectively fulfill the project’s objectives.The PRIMA-ERA will comply with the EU strategies for an “open ERA” as mentioned in the EC Communication for International S&T Cooperation by providing mobility and access to research facilities between the centres with similar research interests. The project actions will be in coherence with the concept of the “mutual interests of the EC and the ENP partner countries” as stated in the mentioned Communication.	none given	none given	none given
67675	324459	LaserMicroFab	Laser Digital Micro-Nano fabrication for Organic Electronics and Sensor applications					2013-03-01	2017-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 1,125,353.41	€ 1,125,353.41	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IAPP	LaserMicroFab proposes a joint research programme exploiting on the knowledge and expertise of two academic partners (National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) and CNRS-LP3) and one SME, Oxford Lasers (OL) through inter-sectorial exchange of knowledge, networking activities and training in the areas of advanced laser processing for organic electronic devices and biosensors. The goal for this project is to develop Laser digital micro-fabrication processes such as selective laser micro and nano-patterning, laser micro-curing and laser micro-printing for precision patterning of complex materials, such as metallic nanoparticle (NP) inks and organic materials. The developed laser processes will be employed for the micro-curing of metallic nanoparticle (NP) interconnects to achieve submicron spatial resolution, for the nanostructuring of ultrathin (<50 nm) layers and for the printing of organic semiconductors for electronics and/or photovoltaics applications. Moreover, patterns of biomolecules will be printed using the laser micro-printing process with high spatial resolution (<10 μm) without compromising the viability of these delicate structures. The integration of laser micro-fabrication processes and the design of a laser platform based on the Oxford Lasers equipment (DPSS pulsed lasers ranging from nanosecond (ns) to femtosecond (fs) duration pulses) will be achieved, in collaboration with the research groups from NTUA and the CNRS-LP3.The success of this project will have a great impact on the market potential of Oxford Lasers’ products and the research excellence of NTUA and CNRS-LP3 in the fields of materials engineering, biotechnology and chemical engineering, ensuring its multidisciplinary character. At the end of this project, a full set of parameters will be established and optimised as an innovative tool for material processing and will be further exploited for new applications and market areas.	none given	none given	none given
67732	303824	SUNLIGHT	Solution-processed nanocrystal photovoltaics from environmentally benign and earth-abundant elements					2013-01-01	2017-05-01	nan	FP7	€ 100,000.00	€ 100,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG	In the search for cost-effective solar cells, colloidal inorganic semiconducting nanocrystals (NCs) have received much interest due to their readily-tunable absorption across the visible/near-IR, their high absorption coefficients and photostability. Yet many state-of-the-art NCs for photovoltaics are either based on toxic compositions or scarce elements on earth. It thus becomes essential to develop new systems from environmentally benign and earth-abundant elements with strong absorption properties. This project identified a few potential candidates, namely FeS2, Cu2S, CuO and Cu2ZnSnS4, due to their low raw material cost, their suitable band gaps, their high absorption coefficients and the availability of NC synthetic protocols. Relatively little work has been done on applying these NCs in solution-processed solar cells compared to those from II-VI/IV-VI groups, the Cu(InGa)(SeS)2 and Si systems. Specifically, this project involves the following aspects:1. Optimization of synthetic methods for the above-mentioned NC systems.2. Functionalization of NC surfaces with difference ligands via ligand exchange.3. Realization of field-effect transistors based on NC thin films and investigation of the effects of NC size/morphology and ligands on charge transport.4. Realization and optimization of solar cells based on NCs or NC/organic hybrids by correlating the effects of different synthetic and ligand conditions, improvement in light harvesting by the tandem cell approach.It can be anticipated that, by developing solar cells based on these new NCs, this project will gain fundamental understandings on how different NC and surface properties can impact the charge dissociation, transport, and recombination processes. The Marie-Curie grant would also consolidate the current efforts of this applicant, establish her further in her research and provide the ideal platform for her to become internationally leading in the field of applying colloidal NCs in optoelectronics.	none given	none given	none given
67837	282932	CSP2	Concentrated Solar Power in Particles					2011-12-01	2015-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 3,069,346.63	€ 2,263,192.80	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2011.2.5-2	The CSP2 project puts forward an alternative heat transfer fluid (HTF) for concentrating solar power (CSP) plants. We propose to use dense gas-particle suspensions -DPS- (approximately 50% of solid) in tubes as HTF; these tubes set in a bundle constitute the solar absorber (receiver), placed at the top of a central receiver CSP system. This new HTF behaves like a liquid although it permits to extend working temperatures at temperature higher than 550°C; moreover, it may be used as an energy storage medium because of its good thermal capacity. It is composed of any particulate mineral standing high temperature, thus deeply reducing the environmental impact and addressing the safety concern in comparison with standard HTF. Finally, it can be easily produced in high quantities without any chemical process development.Eight partners with complementary capabilities will work together in order to reach the project goals. They are 5 top-ranked public research organisations and universities and 3 private companies (including 2 SMEs), well established and specialized in electricity production from concentrated solar energy, high temperature gas-solid reactors, and solid handling, respectively.In the frame of the project, a 100-150 kWth pilot loop will be designed, constructed and tested at the focus of the CNRS solar furnace in Odeillo, The main target for the innovative solar receiver is to deliver hot DSP in the temperature range 500°C-750°C for solid mass flow rate varying from 1 to 2 tons/h with a 70% thermal efficiency. Finally, the global system will be analyzed and scale-up will be proposed toward industrial CSP facilities (10-50 MWe). Economic assessment will allow comparing this new technology to the molten salt one.	none given	none given	none given
67934	622428	SMARTWAVE	Power quality in coastal smart grids					2015-01-05	2017-01-04	nan	FP7	€ 194,046.60	€ 194,046.60	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF	Although almost half of the European population lives in coastal areas, the specific issues associated with the dramatic transformation of the coastal electrical networks into smart grids have been little addressed. These issues stem from the fact that coastal electrical networks are usually more structurally fragile than inland electrical networks. Hence, the former are more prone to be affected by a significant deterioration of the quality of the electricity supplied to the customers which is referred to as “power quality”. This problem will be further aggravated due to the high amount of distributed renewable energy sources (e.g. wave energy farms and groups of photovoltaic panels), whose rapid power fluctuations may be very detrimental to power quality, and of electric vehicles to be connected to the low-voltage, electrical distribution systems in the next decades. However, no study has addressed their combined grid impact yet in the specific context of coastal electrical networks. This constitutes a considerable gap which must be filled immediately for Europe to meet its targets in terms of renewable energy consumption. The proposed “SmartWave” research project will constitute a positive step in this direction. Its objective is to bring the research on coastal smart grids to the next level by tackling urging challenges by means of a realistic, integrated approach which addresses the combined impact on power quality of the different renewable energy sources mentioned earlier and of electric vehicles. It will also investigate different options to mitigate this impact in the form of intelligent charging scenarios for electric vehicles. The studies will be conducted based on typical coastal networks which will allow the conclusions of the research project to be transferable to a wide range of maritime countries, thus giving it a worldwide impact.Keywords: power quality, renewable energy sources (wave and photovoltaic), coastal smart grids, electric vehicles	none given	none given	none given
67940	228296	SFERA	Solar Facilities for the European Research Area					2009-07-01	2013-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 9,042,935.88	€ 7,396,804.66	0	0	0	0	FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES	INFRA-2008-1.1.2	Concentrated solar energy is a very promising renewable source of energy. The solar resource in the Mediterranean countries of the EU and in North Africa is huge. The best known application so far is bulk electricity generation through thermodynamic cycles, but other applications have also been demonstrated, such as production of hydrogen and solar fuels, water treatment and research in advanced materials. Europe is a leader in research and development of this technology. Most of the large R&D infrastructures are European and our industry is leading the way in its commercial deployment, now in an early stage. All the most important European R&D infrastructures on concentrated solar energy are participating in this proposal. Five of them, CIEMAT-PSA, DLR, PROMES-CNRS, ETH and PSI were already part of a virtual laboratory consortium known as ‘Sol LAB’, which has initiated several networking activities since its creation in 2004. ENEA and WIS now join the consortium submitting this proposal, thus looking to consolidate a partnership as the reference European Solar Research Laboratory. This proposal concerns three activities: – Networking: Aiming at the creation of a stable framework for co-operation in which resources are shared, common standards developed, duplication of research effort is avoided and interaction with European research, education and industry is encouraged. – Transnational access: Opening the doors of the most relevant R&D infrastructures to interested users, optimizing the use of the facilities and creating critical mass for new research initiatives. – Joint Research: developing common standards and procedures for better consortium performance and development of advanced instrumentation and new RI thus improving the services offered to the user community.	none given	none given	none given
68308	249169	NANOICP	Self-organized TiO2 nanotubes-intrinsically conductive polymer composite material for applications in solar cells, biomedicine systems, and electro-chromic devices					2009-10-15	2013-10-14	nan	FP7	€ 100,000.00	€ 100,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG	This project aims to develop new generation of composite material based on TiO2 nanotubes and intrinsically conductive polymer (ICP) deposited in nanotube framework. Our objective is to combine of electrical conductivity of ICP and UV sensitivity of TiO2. Particularly, dye sensitization of TiO2 in conjunction with ICP is of our interest. It is expected that high surface area morphology offered by high aspect ratio nanotube system, which provide extremely high TiO2/ICP interface, will play the key role in specific interaction between conductive polymer and wide band-gap semiconductor. Remarkable electric and optical properties of new composite material are expected. A variety of polymer dopants, electrochemical conditions, and electropolymerization methods will be applied in order to find electrochemical route for successful, homogeneous deposition of ICP`s in TiO2 nanotube system. Two conductive polymers will be electrosynthesized in nanotube framework: poly-3,4-ethylenedioxytiophene (PEDOT) and poly-3-hexyltiophene (P3HT). The p-n junction, which is expected at the polymer-semiconductor interface, will be electrochemically controlled by switching polymer between oxidizing and reducing state. PEDOT will be tested as a p-type electrolyte in dye sensitized solar cell device Ti/TiO2/ruthenium-based-dye/PEDOT. P3HT absorbs visible light and thus may replace the dye and the electrolyte, giving the function of charge transport and light absorption. The effects of nano-architecture of the Ti/TiO2/P3HT composite material will be studied in order to meet the dimension of phase separation within the exiton diffusion length of the polymer. Above features make the new composite material very attractive for applications including solar cells and electro-chromic devices. Furthermore, improved bio-compability of the material should find practical applications in biomedicine systems. This project will be taken in close collaboration of Hokkaido University and University of Erlangen.	none given	none given	none given
68311	299657	DELUMOPV	Delayed Luminescence Spectroscopy of Organic Photovoltaic Systems					2012-05-16	2014-05-15	nan	FP7	€ 185,763.60	€ 185,763.60	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF	“This project aims to accomplish an understanding of the processes that currently limit the power conversion efficiency of solution-processed organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, by identifying the factors that are responsible for the losses in device photocurrent generation. In particular, attention will be given to the origin of the photocurrent generation losses in OPV devices that take place due to the recombination of free charge carriers, prior to charge collection at the device electrodes. For the realization of the study a new set of non-fullerene based perfluorinated materials will be used as electron-acceptors and commercially available polymeric matrices such as poly(fluorene)-copolymers and poly(thiophene)s will be used as electron-donors. Free carrier recombination in the fabricated OPV layers and in their devices will be monitored by the detection of delayed luminescence in the μs – ms time scales, as a function of the photoactive layer morphology. The resulting luminescence dynamics will be then correlated to the photocurrent generation efficiency of the corresponding OPV devices and to the charge transport capabilities of the OPV layers. The project aims to deliver a new insight on the nature and the dynamics of charge transfer excited states that survive at delayed times after photoexcitation (delxplexes) in photoactive donor/acceptor composites. Throughout the project the photophysical and electrical characterization of next generation electron-acceptor materials will be realized and this will contribute in the progress of the OPV research field. The significance of the proposed project stems from the high potential of organic semiconductors to produce inexpensive and efficient photovoltaic systems. The project will mutually benefit the applicant and the Host Institution by supporting a smooth exchange of knowledge, by integrating their different expertise on the field of organic semiconductors and by accelerating the applicant’s research career.”	none given	none given	none given
68315	306398	photocatH2ode	Gathering organic and hybrid photovoltaics with artificial photosynthesis for Photo-Electro-Chemical production of hydrogen					2012-12-01	2017-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 1,500,000.00	€ 1,500,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-PE5	The future of energy supply depends on innovative breakthroughs regarding the design of efficient systems for the conversion and storage of solar energy. The production of H2 through direct light-driven water-splitting in a Photo-Electro-Chemical (PEC) cell, appears as a promising solution. However such cells need to respond to three main characteristics: sustainability, cost-effectiveness and stability. Fulfilling these requirements raise important scientific questions regarding the elaboration and combination of the best materials able to harvest light and catalyse H2 and O2 evolution.The objective of this project is to design an operating photocathode based on Earth abundant elements for PEC H2 production, answering therefore the sustainability and cost issues. The novelty relies on the approach gathering organic and hybrid photovoltaics with artificial photosynthesis to design new materials and architectures: I will combine and immobilize molecular photosensitizers with bioinspired catalysts on an electrode thanks to electronic junctions. This will allow (i) optimizing light-driven charge separation, (ii) driving electrons from the electrode to the catalyst, (iii) and limiting charge recombination processes.The project is divided into four tasks. The two first tasks are focused on the elaboration of new photoelectrode architectures: In task 1, I propose to engineer a H2-evolving electrode thanks to donor-acceptor dyes immobilized on p-type semi-conductors. In task 2, I propose to implement organic photovoltaics materials in a H2-evolving electrode. The third task focuses on the elaboration of new catalysts, incorporating redox-active (non-innocent) ligands in order to systematically bias electron transfer towards the catalyst. These new catalysts will be implemented on the new photoelectrode architectures.The last task focuses on the ultimate assembly of a PEC cell and on the performance assessments at all steps of the project (photocathodes and full cell).	none given	none given	none given
68321	274046	HybridSolar2010	Development of inorganic / organic hybrid heterojunction solar cells					2011-07-01	2014-06-30	nan	FP7	€ 218,744.80	€ 218,744.80	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IOF	Heterojunction hybrid solar cells, consisting of an organic electron donor and an inorganic oxide semiconductor electron acceptor, have attracted much attention in the past decade. In this type of solar cell, photons are absorbed in the p-type semiconductor polymeric layer, and the generated excitons (holes and electrons) are separately transported within different nanophases, resulting in considerably large charge carrier lifetimes. An effective approach to building the heterojunction is to infiltrate the organic polymer into an oxide nanotube array (NTA) framework, which has several key advantages: (a) vertically aligned NTA affords pathway for vectorial electron transfer; (b) light propagation can be optimized by controlling the pore diameter, wall thickness, and nanotube length; (c) the NTA offers high surface area while maintaining structural order; (d) carrier collection is optimized by the proximity of exciton diffusion distances (5-15 nm) to the oxide nanotube diameter.Efficient infiltration from solution of a high molecular weight polymer into the NTA host can be challenging. In situ approaches are more attractive, either chemical or UV polymerization has been deployed to synthesize polythiophene derivatives in the oxide host. Intrinsic electroactivity of a monomer precursor molecule can also be exploited to electrochemically infiltrate the polymer in situ into the NTA. We presented the feasibility of this approach by using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and TiO2 NTA recently.The aim of this work is that by combining our knowledge on inorganic NTAs and conducting polymers, we can exploit the advantages of electrochemistry in order to achieve the fine tuning of the composition and morphology of the composites. By optimizing all key processes (light absorption, exciton generation, charge transport) we will prepare hybrids possessing improved photo-electrochemical properties. The best performing materials will be utilized to fabricate solar cell devices.	none given	none given	none given
68323	224949	ULTRADSSC	Ultrafast Spectroscopies for Dye Sensitised Solar Cell study and Optimisation					2008-04-01	2011-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 45,000.00	€ 45,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	PEOPLE-2007-2-2.ERG	The environmental problem is one of the most cared from the international community. In this framework the research in the in the field of production of energy in renewable way can be very important for the future of the planet. The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) provides a technically and economically credible alternative concept to present day p–n junction photovoltaic devices. However, the precise understanding of physical mechanisms involved in the DSSC is still missing. The simultaneous presence of electrons, holes, excitons and ions in the typical operative condition of the cell, make the description of cell behaviour and its optimisation quite difficult. In this context, ultrafast spectroscopies allow for the identification of the processes involved in the DSSC operation. The main object of the reintegration of the researcher, with a well know experience in ultrafast spectroscopies, consists in the set-up of an ultrafast spectroscopy laboratory in the host institution in order to address several aspects of the photo-electro-chemistry of the DSSC. Different processes, such as the photophysics of the dyes, the electron injection from dye to the semiconductor layer or the evaluation of the time resolved photocurrent of the assembled cell, will be studies for the single elements and for the complete device. This project can be very important for the reintegrated researcher’s carrier allow him to return back in his native country and to be fully integrated into the activities of the hosting Institute: this will include access to the characterization, fabrication and computing facilities, participation in the seminars organized in the Institute and in the Department, involvement in the cooperative projects with national and international partners with concrete perspectives of a long time position in the hosting Insitute.	none given	none given	none given
68349	252296	PHOTORODS	Photovoltaic cells based on nano-structured CdTe					2010-05-03	2012-05-02	nan	FP7	€ 229,253.20	€ 229,253.20	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF	Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) is already established as a prominent conventional solar cell semiconductor material due to its energy gap 1.5 eV with an almost perfect match to the solar spectrum. The aim of this research is to study the use of nano-structured CdTe as the absorbing layer in PV solar cells, and to evaluate the performance and industrial potential of these cells for a spread of PV applications, from low cost to high efficiency thermo-sensitive platforms and devices. It would require an investigation of processes for inexpensive fabrication of large periodic arrays of semiconductor nanostructures that will allow for (a) controlled variations in the size and composition of the nanostructures, (b) encapsulation of the semiconductor nanostructures in a rugged host material, (c) flexibility to use a variety of substrate materials, and (d) compatibility with standard silicon fabrication techniques. Additionally, the same CdTe-based PV nano-structures could be used as efficient imaging flat-panel direct-conversion semiconductor detectors for applications in such diverse fields as nuclear medicine, homeland security, astrophysics, and environmental remediation.	none given	none given	none given
68352	300971	Solar Fuel by III-Vs	Direct photoelectrochemical generation of solar fuels using dilute nitride III-V compound semiconductor heterostructures on silicon: epitaxy, electrochemistry, and interface characterization					2012-08-01	2015-07-31	nan	FP7	€ 255,453.00	€ 255,453.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF	The proposed IOF research programme addresses crucial issues of fundamental and technological importance in the field of solar fuel generation. The key success factor is a strong multidisciplinary approach combining top-level electrochemistry, high-end epitaxial III-V device preparation and cutting-edge surface science analytics. At the core of the project are the objectives of:►obtaining record solar to hydrogen efficiencies and lifetimes with III-V/Si tandem devices►enhancing III-V device stability in contact with electrolyte using dilute nitride materials►advancing the scientific understanding of the decomposition of III-Vs by advanced analyticsThe applicant, Dr. Henning Döscher, is an expert both in III-V heteroepitaxy on silicon and in semiconductor surface science and has accomplished significant contributions to the in situ analysis and advanced control of anti-phase disorder at polar on non-polar interfaces. He has authored and co-authored more than 20 papers including 4 Applied Physics Letters, 2 Surface Science, 2 Journal of Applied Physics, and 2 Physical Review B over the last 4 years.The outgoing phase will be hosted by the pioneer of III-V-based water-splitting, Dr. John Turner at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), where the fellow will also collaborate with the world’s reference group in multijunction photovoltaics around Dr. Jerry Olson. Advanced interface analysis will be done with one of the leading soft X-ray spectroscopy groups in the USA, headed by Prof. Clemens Heske at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV). The return host, Prof. Thomas Hannappel, currently builds a new, integrated epitaxy and surface science group at the Ilmenau University of Technology (TUI), strengthening his unique strategy for in-depth in situ analysis and benchmarking.	none given	none given	none given
68358	301182	CHOIS	Characterisation of hybrid inorganic-organic solar cells by advanced spectroscopic methods					2012-06-06	2014-06-05	nan	FP7	€ 200,371.80	€ 200,371.80	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF	“The displacement of CO2 emissions by renewable sources of energy critically depends upon the development of low-cost and widely accessible routes to clean energy generation. Of all the renewable energy sources, solar energy has the greatest potential as a world power source. However, the inorganic solar cells available on the market now are too expensive to compete with conventional power sources. Hybrid solar cells are an emerging solar cell technology with a great potential for cheap fabrication. They usually consist of a nanostructured junction of inorganic and organic semiconductors and therefore combine cheap and abundant organic materials with the advantages of inorganic materials in terms of stability and charge transport. Power conversion efficiencies exceeding 3 % have been obtained and there is a large potential for further efficiency improvements. In order to achieve these, a detailed understanding of the working mechanism of hybrid solar cells is of crucial importance. In this project, we therefore aim to carry out an in-depth characterization of hybrid solar cells using a variety of advanced spectroscopic and microscopic techniques and a multidisciplinary approach. The project will consist of three phases: In the first phase, a state-of-the-art hybrid CdS/polymer system will be characterised in order to gain a better understanding of the working mechanism of the solar cells. Following this, hybrid solar cells consisting of different materials and prepared by different methods will be compared and loss processes in the solar cells will be identified. In the final phase of the project, the gained knowledge will be used to propose new materials combinations, which will lead to the construction of more efficient hybrid solar cells. The proposed project will therefore aim to develop a scientific framework that will enable the custom design of hybrid inorganic – organic heterojunctions for high performance solar cells.”	none given	none given	none given
68366	298022	NIRPLANA	Near-Infrared Semiconductor Plasmonic Nanocrystals for Enhanced Photovoltaics					2012-05-16	2014-05-15	nan	FP7	€ 193,726.80	€ 193,726.80	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF	“Plasmonics is a hot and rapidly expanding research field. Of particular interest is the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) observed in noble metal nanocrystals (NCs). It leads to strong light scattering and enhanced light-matter interaction. However, the LSPR of metal NCs is restricted to visible wavelengths, unless multipole resonances are enhanced via shape engineering of the NCs.Recently, two papers were published showing that copper-deficient semiconductor Cu2-xS(e) NCs can also exhibit a strong LSPR, in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral region. This exciting result both pushes the LSPR to longer wavelengths and allows plasmonics using semiconductor materials, which are transparent near the LSPR wavelength.The project aims at expanding this new field by focusing on the fabrication of a NIR photovoltaic cell with enhanced performance. This is achieved through incorporation of NIR plasmonics NCs, which allow improved absorption in the active layer via strong light scattering in NC thin film and an enhancement of the electric field near the NC surface. Two crucial steps need to be taken to achieve our goals. First, we need to further develop the synthesis of novel NIR plasmonic NCs. The focus lies here on a tuning of the spectral position and width of the LSPR by varying the Cu2-xS(e) material composition, size and shape, in order to optimize the NC scattering cross section and field enhancement at the desired NIR wavelength. Second, strategies will be developed to incorporate the plasmonic NCs into novel NC-based thin film photovoltaic cells. The device performance will be evaluated with and without plasmonic NCs, for different thin film configurations, in order to quantify the efficiency enhancement.Considering that our devices combine an improved absorption with an expansion of the photovoltaic response into the NIR, we expect that NC-based photovoltaics can offer a viable low-cost alternative to current solar cell technologies.”	none given	none given	none given
68367	229568	MIPPOD	Morphology and Interfacial Processes in Polymer Blends for Optoelectronic Devices					2008-09-30	2011-09-29	nan	FP7	€ 45,000.00	€ 45,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	PEOPLE-2007-2-2.ERG	Fossil fuels consumption is no longer going to be substained both for its environmental impact and for the limited availability of such fuels. Solar energy produced from photovoltaic cells based on organic or organic/inorganic hybrid materials has been proposed as a sustainable alternative. By selectively chosing the electronic properties of two semiconducting polymers, and by mixing them in a polymer blend formed on solid substrate, well defined and efficient LEDs and photovoltaic diodes can be prepared. However, important issues like, the identification of the quantum-mechanical states involved in electron-hole recombination at the hetero-interface and the effect of intermolecular interactions on the optoelectronic response, have still to be investigated in detail. Most of these optoelectronic properties rely on the nature and distribution of the polymer heterojunctions in the blend therefore, the meso-scale structure determined by the kinetics of the phase separation process occurring during the blend formation, plays a crucial role on the devices performance. Our aim is to achieve a control over the molecular self-assembly, length scales and degree of self-organisation, of newly synthesized polyelectrolyte semiconductors and, correlate these features with their optoelectronic properties in LEDs and photovoltaic devices. Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) and Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) studies will allow us to determine the microscale and nanoscale structure of the blend, in terms of such parameters as particle sizes, shapes, distribution, and surface-to volume ratio. The present work will be developed in collaborations with researchers having a long time experience on making organic based optoelectronic devices and this will ensure that the output of the morphological study will be directely correlated to the device’s performance. This study will ultimately enable the optimization of these optoelectronic devices in terms of polymers interfacial mixing.	none given	none given	none given
68371	612285	CANTOR	Carbon-nanotube-based terahertz-to-optics rectenna					2014-01-01	2017-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 91,200.00	€ 91,200.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IRSES	The efficiency of traditional semiconductor solar cells is subject to a fundamental limitation, known as the Shockley-Queisser recombination limit, and is found to be near 30 per cent. The invention in the early eighties of solar cell rectifying antennas (rectennas) – a combination of an optical antenna and a rectifying diode to efficiently absorb the incident solar radiation and directly convert the ac field across the antenna into the dc power – provides a way to overcome the limitation. The recent rapid technological progress in the design of different nano-dimensional structures gives rise to a new promising possibility in designing nanorectennas. A solar cell will incorporate a large array of such elements, which provide high conversion efficiency and can be produced cheaply in a roll-to-roll process. However, a practical realization of such devices requires precise theoretical modelling and experimental study to provide optimization of the antenna and nanocontact configuration. The project focuses on the physics and theoretical modelling of the nanorectenna performance. The rectification effect comes from the photo-assisted charge carrier tunneling through the nanotube energy gap. For the efficiency enhancement we propose using the coherent effect of the photon dressing of electron-hole pairs. Theoretical modelling will be carried out on the basis of the Landauer- Büttiker formalism extended to the case of photon-dressed electrons. The fundamental thermodynamic limitation of the rectenna efficiency and the prospective applications of the device will be studied. This multidisciplinary and challenging project relies on the complementary expertise of the consortium teams and is based on an original approach – nanoelectromagnetics – combining the electrodynamics of mesoscopic inhomogeneous media and quantum transport theory of charge carriers in structures with reduced dimensionality.	none given	none given	none given
68534	230861	FLEXSOLCELL	Development of Flexible single and tandem II-VI-Based High Efficiency Thin Film Solar Cells					2009-10-01	2013-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 0.00	€ 259,200.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-IRSES-2008	“The primary aim of this research project is to develop low cost photovoltaic systems. Routes to decrease “cost per Watt” are either to reduce the cost of the technology or to increase its efficiency. The first of these is addressed by the use of thin film technology for low cost deposition at low temperatures and with low material usage. The second is addressed by using multiple threshold devices to push efficiencies beyond the Schockley-Queisser limit for single band-gap PV cells. Our research activities will focus on the study and development of new electronic devices for both PV and optoelectronic applications. Materials of interest for PV system include compound II-VI thin film semiconductors, especially CdTe, transparent conducting oxides required for the fabrication of solar cells. The main goal of this project is the development of polycrystalline growth techniques of high efficiency CdS/CdTe and ZnSe/CdTe solar cells on the polyimide substrates in different substrate configurations. Continuation of joint research towards the development of commercially viable CdTe-based solar cells will be build on the research collaboration, which will successfully combine the glass and flexible solar-cell fabrication by close space sublimation (CSS) and hot wall technique (HWT) at Moldova State University, chemical bath deposition (CBD) and electrodeposition at University of Trieste, Italy with the characterization and analysis expertise in mechanism of CdCl2 treatment process, annealing ambient and formation of electronic properties of the layers and junction at Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia. Specific goals of the project are (1) increased cell efficiency to near 15% by improvements in electrical contact and reductions in window-layer absorption, (2) demonstration that cell stability can be reasonably extrapolated to several years, and (3) enhanced measurement and analysis capability in Moldova.”	none given	none given	none given
68546	227497	ROD-SOL	All-inorganic nano-rod based thin-film solarcells on glass					2009-01-01	2011-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 4,075,102.40	€ 2,699,842.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	ENERGY.2008.10.1.2;NMP-2008-2.6-1	Thin film solar cells, based on non-toxic, abundant and air-stable silicon (Si) will probably, based on forecasts, dominate the photovoltaic market in the future and thus replace bulk Si from its leading position. This prognosis is fostered by the strong cost reduction potential due to highly effective materials utilization at low energy consumption. However, thin film Si suffers from inherently small grains, which limits efficiencies to ~10% due to carrier recombination at grain boundaries. A radical innovation of the Si thin film materials synthesis route is needed to circumvent this problem. ROD_SOL aims at the synthesis of Si nano-rods, densely packed at sufficiently large diameters (few 100 nm’s) and lengths (>1µm for sufficient carrier absorption in indirect semiconductors) directly on cheap substrates like glass or flexible metal foils. The idea is to grow Si nano-rods from the gas phase that are inherently defect free, with a wrapped around pn-junction that bares the potential to decouple absorption of light from charge transport by allowing lateral diffusion of minority carriers to the pn-junction, which is at most a few hundred nm away, rather than a few µm as in conventional thin film solar cells. That way, efficiencies as in bulk Si are expectable, however, with the advantage that the ‘nano-rod carpet’ layer, is at most a few µm thick. A ‘nano-rod carpet’ that thin shows a strongly increased optical absorption. Thus, the ‘nano-rod carpet’ is not only the active solar cell element but at the same time its own light trapping structure. For synthesis of the nano-rods, development of suitable contact materials and characterization of physical and structural properties four experienced research institutes have joined forces. Despite the fundamental materials research to be in focus, three companies joined the consortium to directly test and implement the novel materials and processes in a well proven, industrially viable thin film solar cell concept.	none given	none given	none given
68551	248666	NOBLETITANIA	MODIFICATION OF TITANIUM(IV) OXIDE WITH METAL COMPOUNDS FOR PHOTOCATALYSIS UNDER VISIBLE LIGHT IRRADIATION					2009-11-15	2013-11-14	nan	FP7	€ 100,000.00	€ 100,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG	Although environmental remediation by TiO2 photocatalysis has become increasingly interest among scientists in recent years, wide range application is still limited by its absorption below 400 nm. UV photons are much more expensive compared to visible ones, as the latter compose a large fraction of solar energy (UV light compose only 3% of the solar energy), and relatively cheap artificial light sources can be applied. In order to achieve a break through in photocatalytic applications of TiO2 and other stable semiconductor materials (mostly oxides), the photocatalytic properties must be improved, either by red shifting of the light absorption and/or enhancing quantum yield by inhibition of recombination of photogenerated charge carriers (e-/h+). TiO2 remains the most popular oxide semiconductor in photocatalysis R&D because of combination of unique features such as stability, low cost and high efficiency. It is believed that in addition to exploration of other oxides (e.g. WO3) and their mixtures, doping and surface modification of TiO2 is highly promising for increasing the efficiency and reducing the cost of photooxidation. Noble metals seem to be excellent modifiers, because they accelerate the transfer of photoexcited electrons of titania to substrates, and due to their photoabsorption inducing photocatalytic reaction under visible-light irradiation either by metal complexes fixed on titania or by photoexcitation of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of nanoparticles of noble metal. The present proposal concerns preparation and testing of new nanoparticle photocatalysts composed of metal oxides, as well as binary and ternary metal oxides/metal (metal complex) systems. The principle is the reduction of appropriate metal ions and ion mixtures with controlled structure and tunable nanoparticle size and composition. These new materials will be tested for catalytic and photocatalytic activity, as well as for water splitting and solar cells application.	none given	none given	none given
68557	301554	NANO2SOLAR	From nanolayers to solar cells: Advanced in-situ optical characterization of thin-film materials					2013-03-01	2015-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 191,675.40	€ 191,675.40	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF	This project aims at the development of advanced surface-sensitive characterization methods for PHOTOVOLTAICS (PV) MATERIALS RESEARCH within the framework of enhancement of mutual collaboration between the European host research group at TU-Eindhoven and the applicant’s group of origin at UT-Dallas (USA). Nanolayer-engineering based on advanced deposition of ultra-thin oxides becomes an increasingly important subject in the current worldwide efforts to boost solar cells efficiencies. Advanced real-time non-destructive monitoring of reactions that take place on semiconductor surfaces during oxide nanolayer deposition is the key factor that allows precise control over the thin-film quality and functionality. (Non)linear vibrational spectroscopic methods are known to be especially powerful in surface and interface analysis at sub-monolayer coverage. To gain fundamental understanding of surface chemistry of ultra-thin oxides, we propose to develop broadband sum-frequency generation (BB-SFG), a novel nonlinear surface-specific vibrational spectroscopic technique for in-situ monitoring of PV-related deposition processes. The project will benefit from the unique combination of internationally acclaimed UT-Dallas group’s expertise in application of vibrational spectroscopy to fundamental studies of surface phenomena and TU/e expertise in real-time optical monitoring of thin film deposition processes. In combination with infrared spectroscopic tools and other standard surface-sensitive techniques, we intend to explore the properties of atomic-layer deposited (ALD) oxides for (i) Si surface passivation of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells and (ii) buffer layer engineering in Copper-Indium-(Gallium-) Diselenide (CI(G)S) thin-film solar cells. Intended at innovations in current and next generation photovoltaics, this project lies within the EU aims to strengthen European competitiveness in the global PV marketplace through technological leadership in R&D.	none given	none given	none given
68566	293687	ULTRA PARTICLE	Ultra precise nanoparticles to harvest light					2011-09-01	2015-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 100,000.00	€ 100,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG	Solar energy is an attractive source of alternative energy contributing to fossil fuel independence. Research is still needed to bring down the cost of solar cells for commercial use. For this, novel concept solar cell research make use of low cost materials with novel techniques, often at the nanoscale. The main aim of this grant proposal lays in the development of ultra precise nanoparticles with sizes where quantum confinement becomes dominant. With these so called quantum dots (QD) the band gap of any semiconductor can be tailored by changing the size thereby harvesting different parts of the solar spectrum. The applicant has worked for 8 years outside the Netherlands and will endeavour to establish a new research line in quantum dot photovoltaics. This Career Integration Grant will help him to reach a solid starting point from which to apply to project funding in national and international consortia. A nanoparticle source (gas aggregation in vacuum) will enable the production of ultra precise nanoparticles (silicon, germanium, etc), i.e. high size control, which will considerably enhance the quality of the QD solar cell and the involved processes. A second research theme is the use of plasmonics of metal nanostructures (particles) to enhance optical absorption in solar cells. Both field enhancement and plasmonic coupling will be explored.The applicant has extensive international research experience in the field of nanoparticles. Combined with the host expertise in photovoltaics this forms a formidable effort to advance the science and technology of novel concepts in solar cells. The applicant has a tenure track assistant professor position and will start his own research team within the host group. The existing infrastructure and expertise are readily available to make this project a success resulting in a permanent position for the applicant and significant contribution to frontier solid state physics research towards a highly efficient and cheap solar cell.	none given	none given	none given
68574	331389	ECOCHEM	Development of Low Band GapConjugated Polymers by EcoFriendly Synthetic Methodologies for High Performance OrganicPhotovoltaics					2013-04-01	2015-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 161,968.80	€ 161,968.80	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF	“Novel low band gap (LBG) conjugated polymers and state-of-the-art electron donor polymeric materials used in high performance organic photovoltaics (OPVs) will be developed with the aim to replace existing hazardous ones for cleaner and environmentally friendly laboratory and industrial processes. Direct Arylation (DAr) represents an economically attractive and ecologically benign alternative to the traditional cross-coupling methodologies (Suzuki and Stille; Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010). Despite the great versatility and choices in Suzuki and Stille cross-couplings, these reactions have drawbacks such as numerous steps to monomer synthesis, instability of the organometallic reagents, and formation of stoichiometric amounts of toxic by-products, preventing their easy scale-up manufacturing. Easy large scale production of organic semiconductors by eco-friendly procedure (DAr) and their applications platforms entails robust, non-cleanroom, low-cost infrastructure along with affordable, environmentally benign materials, ideal for globally competitive production by local SMEs and large enterprises. Finally, advanced spectroscopic characterization and photovoltaic evaluation will be performed on the new polymers and blends thereof with fullerene derivatives in order to identify the elementary mechanisms that govern the fundamental physicochemical processes. As a proof of concept, solar cell fabrication and optimization will be performed on the most promising systems with the goal to achieve world class power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) above 9.0%.”	none given	none given	none given
68584	307357	INFIBRENANOSTRUCTURE	Fabrication and characterization of dielectric encapsulated millions of ordered kilometer-long nanostructures and their applications					2012-10-01	2017-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 1,495,400.00	€ 1,495,400.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-PE5	The objective of this project is the realization of a radically new nanowire fabrication technique, and exploration of its potential for nanowire based science and technology. The proposed method involves fabrication of unusually long, ordered nanowire and nanotube arrays in macroscopic fibres by means of an iterative thermal co-drawing process. Starting with a macroscopic rod with an annular hole tightly fitted with another rod of another compatible material, by successive thermal drawing we obtain arrays of nanowires embedded in fibres. With the method, wide range of materials, e.g. semiconductors, polymers, metals, can be turned into ordered nanorods, nanowires, nanotubes in various cross-sectional geometries. Main challenges are the thermal drawing steps that require critical matching of the viscoelastic properties of the protective cover with the encapsulated materials, and the liquid instability problems and phase intermixing with higher temperatures and smaller feature sizes that require high thermal and mechanical precision. Initially, fabrication by drawing will begin with soft amorphous semiconductors, phase change materials, polymers of interest in high temperature polymers, followed by a wider range of materials, low melting temperature metals, metals and common semiconductors (Si, Ge) in silica glass matrices. In this way nanowires that are ordered, easily accessible and hermetically sealed in a dielectric encapsulation will be obtained in high volumes. Potentially, these nanowires are advantages over on-chip nanowires in building flexible out of plane geometries, light weight, wearable and disposable devices. Ultimately, attaining ordered arrays of 1-D nanostructures in an extended flexible fibre with high yields will facilitate sought-after but up-to-now difficult applications such as the large area nanowire electronics and photonics, nanowire based scalable phase-change memory, nanowire photovoltaics, and emerging cell-nanowire interfacing.	none given	none given	none given
68596	302489	SIRACUSA	Study on intermediate band materials with prevailing radiative carrier recombination for superior solar energy applications					2012-10-01	2014-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 200,371.80	€ 200,371.80	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF	“This project proposes an experimental investigation on the basic material physics and the feasibility of the intermediate band solar cell (IBSC), which is a new type of photovoltaic device with the potential for very high conversion efficiencies and low spectral sensibility. The operation of the IBSC relies on the use of a light absorbing material that differs from a conventional semiconductor by having an intermediate band (IB) of allowed electron states within the band gap. According to the theoretical model, a p-IB material-n solar cell can render a higher photocurrent than a comparable p-n structure, without significant degradation of the voltage. The work to be performed in this project comprises the production (epitaxial growth) of IB material samples and devices, and their characterization. The approach proposed is to focus on a well-known material as semiconductor host (GaAs). The IB materials will be synthesized by introducing high densities of a transition metal impurity, such as Fe or Co, in that host. The characterization tools will include time-resolved photoluminescence, electrical transport measurements and optical absorption spectroscopy. The main results expected from the project are: (a) to assess the feasibility of a material with a sufficiently high impurity content so as to exhibit the predicted properties of an IB material, whilst maintaining a sufficient crystalline quality (with emphasis on the radiative/non-radiative recombination properties); (b) to characterize the IB electrical and optical properties correlating them to optimized growth conditions. To fulfil those objectives we rely on the wide experience of Prof. Foxon’s group at University of Nottingham on epitaxial growth of heavily-doped spintronic materials, as well as on the knowledge of the fellow on IB solar cells. This project addresses fundamental physics questions which are relevant to the photovoltaic industry and to the European future energy needs.”	none given	none given	none given
68609	315262	RENEWX	Development and demonstration of compact, multi-source heat eXchanger technologies for renewable energy applications					2013-02-01	2016-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,225,141.06	€ 1,711,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2012-2	Europe’s refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump industry has an annual turnover of €30 billion and employs around 200,000 people. Within this industry our SME Associations represent over 1,000 SMEs within the heat pump manufacture, solar thermal system manufacture, design and installation sectors. Led by these associations the HeatXchange consortium consists of European SME associations, SME end users and some of Europe’s leading research associations. Together, we are proposing to develop new platform technologies that are relevant to our industries and their markets across Europe. The HeatXchange project will provide European manufacturers with alternative designs and manufacturing routes that will assist them expand their product range and to effectively compete with non-European competition. This will be achieved through the development and demonstration of a novel heat exchanger technology and manufacturing process that will enable increased market penetration of European-made air source type heat pump systems. The new platform technology will improve the efficiency and reduce the size of the evaporator, whilst enabling the integration of secondary or even tertiary energy sources. Overall these advanced will enable significant increases in Seasonal Performance Factors (SPF) which will improve the return on investment for consumers and hence attractiveness of EU air based heat pump systems. During the project this technology will be disseminated amongst our 1,000 members within the industry and showcased at events and conferences. Our aim is for HeatXchange to increase air-based heat pump sales by European manufacturers by at least 100,000 across Europe between 2014-2020 adding €300 million of value to Europe’s economy.	none given	none given	none given
68623	300998	PercIGS	PercIGS					2012-08-15	2014-08-14	nan	FP7	€ 181,418.40	€ 181,418.40	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF	To a large extent, the latest CIGS improvement is due to enhancements in the semiconductor material quality. However, as the material quality of the semiconductors improves, other parts of the solar cell are becoming the new bottlenecks to increase the efficiency further towards the theoretical limit for non-concentrated light, which is 30 %.Therefore, this project is focused on an advanced, yet industrially feasible, device structure: The introduction of point contacts and a passivation layer will be used to reduce the back contact recombination and thus enhance efficiency. The application focuses towards CIGS based solar cells, but the concept can be generalized to other high quality thin film solar cell technologies as well. The project is structured in four sub-projects, of which the motivations are described below.Specific goals:•An innovative concept to reduce the high recombination back contact surface area will be developed. This will drastically reduce the recombination rate at the back contact for state of the art CIGS solar cells•Increase of solar cell efficiency by up to 1.5 absolute percent by increasing photo-generated voltage and current.•The concept will also be used as a powerful tool to investigate the influence of grain boundaries in the polycrystalline CIGS semiconductor material.The project has four main objectives: (1) point contact development, (2) assessment of passivation layers, (3) application in solar cell devices, and (4) a CIGS material study.A successful outcome will advance the current state-of-the-art in CIGS research, through:•New methods to develop nano-sized contacting points•Novel (rear) passivation layers for CIGS material•An advanced device structure to increase CIGS solar cell efficiency•Improved understanding of the influence of grain boundaries on charge transport in CIGS material	none given	none given	none given
68625	330524	IQDotPV	All-Inorganic Quantum Dot Films for Photovoltaic Applications					2013-09-01	2015-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 192,622.20	€ 192,622.20	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF	Great progress has been achieved over the last 20 years in the colloidal synthesis of semiconductor, metallic, and magnetic nanocrystals (NCs). The state-of-the-art synthetic approaches allow obtaining inorganic nanostructures with high degree of crystallinity and precisely engineered compositions, sizes, and morphologies, while solubility in nonpolar solvents provides remarkable processability of colloidal nanomaterials. In the present time, research efforts are largely focused on the implementation of colloidal nanocrystals in a broad spectrum of electronic and optoelectronic devices. Highly promising is the use of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (also known as colloidal quantum dots, QDs) in solar cells with the theoretical potential to overcome the Shockley–Queisser limit of 31-41% power efficiency for single bandgap solar cells. Recently, Sargent et.al. have shown that electronic properties of colloidal NC films currently limit performance of nanocrystal-based solar cells. Efficiency of the carriers’ transport through NCs in the NC solid strongly depends on NC environment. However, NCs prepared by traditional colloidal techniques are capped with long-chain hydrocarbon ligands (“organic capping”) introducing insulating layers around each NC. Significantly improved charge transport has been achieved by using shorter organic linking molecules or by partial removal of ligands by hydrazine treatment. Yet small and volatile organic molecules cause instabilities in solid state devices. Recently, an important breakthrough has been made through the use of small and chemically simple inorganic ligands such as discovery of metal-chalcogenide complexes and metal-free inorganic ligands.The goal of this project is to design inorganic surrounding for colloidal nanocrystals that will lead to semiconductor NC solids with predictable optoelectronic characteristics and eventually to novel absorber layers for all-inorganic, stable and efficient solar cells.	none given	none given	none given
68633	303650	PhotoCO2	Photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide into fuels					2012-09-01	2014-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 50,000.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG	A promising research area, which could provide a solution to the high energy demands of our society, as well as to the devastating effects of greenhouse gases, has arisen from the idea of using CO2 as chemical feedstock for fuel production. The capture, conversion and storage of a sustainable, clean and secure energy represents an important multidisciplinary research area.The goal of artificial photosynthesis is to mimic the conversion of water and CO2 under solar irradiation, carried out by plants and other bacteria, to obtain high-energy chemicals for energy production. Light induced water splitting and CO2 reduction devices at a molecular level require the integration of at least three essential components in a stable supramolecular architecture: a photosensitiser, a water oxidation catalyst and a CO2 reduction catalyst. An interesting way for the incorporation of this catalytic system in a complete functional device is the so called dye sensitised photoelectrochemical cell. In this device, the oxidation and reduction reactions take place at the anode and cathode electrodes of an electrochemical cell.The aim of this proposal is the development and study of an efficient photocathode, composed of a photosensitiser, a semiconductor support and a catalyst for the reduction of CO2 into fuels. This electrode will then be integrated into a new molecular-based device able to produce high value chemicals such as CH3OH or CH4 from CO2. A clear advantage of this innovative scheme is that it allows the study of the kinetic reactions that occur at the CO2 reduction electrode and the mechanisms of the photochemical CO2 reduction in an independent system. The final device will be prepared as a composition of two different sub-systems: for water splitting and CO2 reduction. The electrodes included in the final device are exactly the same systems studied independently, therefore the kinetic studies and mechanisms of action will be applicable to the complete system.	none given	none given	none given
68637	243542	HIP	Development of low-cost, lightweight Highly Insulating Polymers for refrigerated transport, heating and cooling installations					2010-10-01	2013-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 2,581,236.00	€ 1,931,038.90	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2	Our members, as operators of refrigerated transport and installers of HVAC systems, are dependent on excellent insulation for energy efficiency. There are over 600,000 refrigerated vehicles and containers in Europe and each one wastes thousands of Euros of energy each year due to poor insulation. Likewise, payback on renewable energy systems is compromised by poor thermal storage, reducing their popularity. In short, our members are wasting energy and hence losing money through a lack of optimal insulation. Currently, our options are limited to expensive, high performance materials such as aerogels and vacuum insulation panels, or low-cost but poorly-performing foams. We need a new insulation material that can fill this performance gap, offering high thermal resistance but at a cost close to insulating foams. The HIP project will develop an innovative new class of polymer insulation materials based on high internal phase emulsion templating (HIPE). HIPE materials have been used in other applications but never before for high-performance insulation. HIPE materials allow close control over porosity, pore size distribution and mechanical properties. Because of this, we can precisely engineer the thermal properties of the material within a low-cost manufacturing process. Our objective is to achieve a thermal conductivity of ≤0.015W/m.K at a cost of less than €500 per cubic metre. Compared to conventional PU foam insulation, the savings will be considerable: Based on our predicted uptake in the refrigerated transport and solar thermal markets alone, the reduced CO2 emission will be over 200,000 tonnes by 2020 and our members will save in excess of €50 million in energy costs.	none given	none given	none given
68643	315677	NanoPhoSolar	Innovative, environmentally friendly nanophosphor down converter materials for enhanced solar cell efficiency that will reduce energy production costs and increase cell lifetime					2013-01-01	2015-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,445,264.27	€ 1,928,675.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2012-2	The NanoPhoSolar project aims to overcome the limitations relating to the efficiency and performance of a range of photovoltaic (PV) systems by developing a transparent NanoPhosphor down converting material capable of absorbing Ultra Violet (UV) and short wavelength visible light and re-emitting in the more useful longer wavelength visible spectrum(range 525-850nm).This will enable the efficiency of Photovoltaic (PV) cells to be increased by an additional 10% for silicon PV and ≥25.8% for Cigs or cadmium telluride PV and potentially increase system lifetime.By doing this, the PV system created will offer greatly improved environmental performance due to capture of a larger proportion of the incident visible spectrum.This will lead to significant economic and societal benefits to consumers and manufacturers.The SME consortium target a total in-process coating technology market penetration of 5.5% when applied in the manufacturing process and 0.25% when as applied to existing installed PV systems within a 5 year period post project, achieving direct annual sales of over €66 million, ~470 new jobs and annual CO2 emissions savings of 154,697 tonnes per annum.The project results are expected to benefit other SMEs in the PV and materials processing industry sectors.	none given	none given	none given
68646	330090	BLEND	Stability of blended organic semiconductors under various environments					2013-09-01	2015-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 231,283.20	€ 231,283.20	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF	Electronics is a very fast developing field of industry. The main trends, especially in commercial products, have been for several years smaller size, increased amount of functionality, higher reliability, and lower price. There is significant, competitive electronics industry in Europe. However, it faces global pressures and to success it needs constantly solutions for better products and lower prices. Organic semiconductors offer several advantages over inorganic semiconductors such as silicon, including lightness, mechanical robustness and ease of manufacturing which makes them interesting alternatives for new innovative products. However, these materials suffer from problems associated with stability resulting severe use restrictions due to reliability issues. To solve this problem far more attention in the research associated with organic semiconducting materials should be directed on their stability and how to improve it.In this project organic semiconductor materials blended with more stable commodity insulating polymer materials are studied to increase the overall stability of the resulting structure. Such blends have already been processed and electronically characterised in the host institution, and it has been shown that good electrical properties can be achieved provided suitable processing protocols are selected. The aim of the project is to explore whether the stability of the organic semiconducting materials can be improved by blending. Another advantage by blending may be cost reduction due to low cost of the bulk commodity polymers. Within the project blended organic semiconducting systems are processed, organic photovoltaics (OPV) and thin-film transistors (FETs) are manufactured and characterised before elucidating the stability of both material and devices. To this end, focus will be on developing systematic environmental testing procedures for such architectures.	none given	none given	none given
68647	301100	LOTOCON	Low-toxicity copper chalcogenide semiconductor nanocrystals					2012-07-22	2014-07-21	nan	FP7	€ 185,763.60	€ 185,763.60	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF	The objective of the present project is a development of approaches for facile colloidal synthesis of Cu-containing semiconductor nanocrystals, characterized by low production cost, high stability, high photoluminescence efficiency and low toxicity. The materials that will be synthesized will undergo comprehensive physico-chemical characterization including a deep assessment of their toxicity and will be evaluated as light absorbing components for fabrication of excitonic solar cells.Copper chalcogenides represented by binary, ternary and quaternary compounds, like CuS(Se,Te), CuIn(Ga)S(Se,Te), CuZnSnS(Se,Te) are one of the most attractive series of low-toxic semiconductor materials, which are truly alternative to the widely studied cadmium, mercury and lead chalcogenides. This new generation of semiconductor nanocrystals is now being in the focus of a great scientific interest. These nanocrystals are characterized by tunable visible and near infrared emission and absorption properties and high extinction coefficients and therefore hold great promise in bio applications, in light emitting diodes fabrication, photovoltaics and optoelectronics.This project will provide new knowledge into the mechanisms governing the reactions involving the various precursors during the stages of nanoparticle nucleation. This new knowledge will then allow for a proper control of nanoparticles crystal structure, composition, size, shape, and consequently of their optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties. The synthesized and fully characterized copper chalcogenide nanoparticles will be used for fabrication of solar cells. Combination and adaptation of state-of-the-art approaches as well as creation of novel synthetic methods will result in innovative investigation covering wide range of tasks from the synthesis of novel materials through their comprehensive characterization and ending with their application in photovoltaics.	none given	none given	none given
68652	273418	SOLiCOAPs	Self-Organising Liquid-Crystalline OligoAnilines for Photovoltaic Applications					2011-05-03	2013-05-02	nan	FP7	€ 208,592.80	€ 208,592.80	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IEF	Major interest exists and research activities have grown over the last decade to investigate the development of renewable energies generated from natural sources, especially in the area of solar cells (or photovoltaics, PV), a high priority area of research in the European Research Area (ERA). Central to addressing this challenge is the development of novel materials with tunable optoelectronic properties. However, one class of materials that has received almost no attention at all is the aniline-based materials (polyaniline and its lower oligomers). The proposed research focuses on the design and synthesis of Self-Organising Liquid-Crystalline OligoAnilines for Photovoltaic Applications, making use of newly developed synthetic approaches to produce such tunable materials.Several series of oligomers with new architectures, liquid-crystalline properties and varied conjugation architectures and lengths will be produced. These will be characteristed and combined with suitable inorganic semiconductors. The nanoscale morphology of such photoactive blends will be optmised, and utilised to produce proof-of-concept photovoltaic devices.This research will open unexplored avenues through its interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach, i.e., it will rely on modern synthetic organic chemistry, chemicophysical analyses of optoelectronic properties, morphologies and structure relationships, self-assembly in the solid state, device fabrication and testing. It is expected that the research and training outcomes of this proposed research will impact across the mentioned range of disciplines, and contribute highly trained researchers and knowledge to a high priority area for both society and research within the EU as well as on an international level.	none given	none given	none given
68663	252239	SINANOTUNE	Dopant-surface interactions in silicon nanoclusters					2011-01-01	2012-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 148,283.60	€ 148,283.60	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF	Silicon nanostructured films are promising materials for photovoltaic applications. By exploring confinement effects and changing the surface morphology, it is possible to vary the optical absorption threshold energy without the resource to different semiconductors. However, to exploit the potential of this class of materials, it is necessary to achieve a detailed understanding and control of n- and p-type doping. Here, a study of the interaction of dopant atoms with the surface of stand-alone silicon clusters is proposed. The investigation will be carried out using density functional theory electronic structure calculations, and observable properties will be applied to the interpretation of experimental results. The aim is to find the combination of dopant species, surface passivation and post-processing treatments that leads to optimum n- and p-type doping efficiency.	none given	none given	none given
68701	606400	DEMOSOLNOWAT	Testing and up scaling of technology developed under the SOLNOWAT FP7 Project which developed a competitive 0 GWP, dry, atmospheric pressure etching process for use in manufacture of PV solar cells					2014-04-01	2016-04-30	nan	FP7	€ 2,400,098.00	€ 1,295,077.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2013-3	“Following on the successful results of SOLNOWAT project that commenced in September 2011, this project will focus on up scaling and demonstrating the novel technology that was developed for the photovoltaic manufacturing industry under the first FP7 project.The technology developed and proven in the SOLNOWAT project serves to reduce the water consumption of the cell manufacturing process, focussing on the etching steps, high throughput technology and specific process control – this follow on project will act as a stepping stone in getting the innovations from the “”lab to the fab””.Under this project specific industrial scale prototype equipment will be built by the participating SMEs and the technology will be demonstrated and tested i.e. the equipment will feature a dry etching tool with high volume/ high throughput system, integrating specific process control.Given the turmoil that exists in the solar industry at this time the funding of this prototype testing would be very difficult without European Funding. Up to 68% of all cells made in 2011 came from China or Taiwan, innovation & significant cost reduction is required if Europe is again to become a player in the PV manufacturing industry.”	none given	none given	none given
69348	296014	CPV4ALL	Novel CPV system fit for mass production, for electricity costs beyond grid parity and for applications in B2B, industrial and residential areas					2012-12-01	2015-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 12,606,895.60	€ 7,252,307.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2011.2.1-3	CPV4ALL propose an innovative solution for concentration-based photovoltaic electricity beyond grid parity kWh prices and is oriented on short term results. CPV4ALL aims towards large scale replication in 2015 so that the demonstrated technologies will quickly lead to market deployment and thus significantly contribute to the EU energy and climate change policy (20-20-20 targets by 2020).CPV4ALL focuses on demonstrating and validating, at industrial scale, the production technology for the components and the assembly technology for the CPV modules and system. The developed CPV systems itself will undergo extensive evaluation programmes at test sites and real situations by CEA-INES.In order to realize the concepts and objectives described in the previous sections, a structure of six work packages has been defined. WP1 is focused on RTD activities and deals with the development and optimisation of the system components. In WP2-3-4 the necessary demonstration activities will be defined and developed. WP2 is dedicated to the demonstration of pilot line for the manufacturing of components and module assembly for volume > 100.000 modules/yr, while WP3 focuses on the demonstration of high-throughput manufacturing processes of critical system components for volume > 1 million units/yr.During WP4 will take place the demonstration and evaluation of CPV systems in various location (France, Austria, The Netherlands) and for various system configuration (Agricultural, Transport, Real estate, etc..). Dissemination activities under WP5 include also the preparation of a market deployment plan and the identification and selection of third parties. WP6 is dedicated to the project and risk management .	none given	none given	none given
69537	286955	REPTILE	Repairing of Photovoltaic Wafers and Solar Cells by Laser Enabled Silicon Processing					2011-10-01	2013-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 1,445,068.00	€ 1,029,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2011-1	“REPTILE will develop a laser-based technique for repairing of broken and defective silicon cells and wafers, improving the yield of the European wafer and cell manufacturers, and representing an opportunity for European SMEs for the reuse of scrapped and recovered silicon to produce custom PV products at low price, covering a growing demand for small format, semi-transparent or custom shape PV cells.The concept is based in the automated defect recognition and classification performed on C or D class cells, and the subsequent laser reprocessing to obtain a smaller A-class cell.Research efforts will be focused in image-based cell inspection, computer-based detection of optimal process path, precision laser cutting, laser ablative isolation, and automatic handling of the processed parts. Advances will be made in defect classification and interpretation algorithms by luminescence and thermal imaging. In the field of laser processing, advantage will be taken from high brilliance laser sources and advanced scanner control for performing surface processing in novel repairing techniques. These developments will allow the integration of the whole process in a single station which comprises automatic wafer/cell handling, recognition, processing and classification.The work plan is designed to end up with a prototype system, able to automatically select and cut or isolate non-defective areas in scrap cells and wafers, with computer based calculation of the best geometry for maximum efficiency and minimum waste of material. Proof-of-concept modules will be then built, installed and tested to asses the market potential.The project will bridge the gap between the need of the PV market for a solution for their rejected cells and wafers, and the capacity of European SMEs to reprocess this material and take economical advantage from its recovery. Hence, this project can lead to market replication and easily be implemented in a profitable way, opening new markets for SMEs.”	none given	none given	none given
69560	283974	R2R-CIGS	Roll-to-roll manufacturing of high efficiency and low cost flexible CIGS solar modules					2012-04-01	2015-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 9,635,797.75	€ 7,021,501.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	ENERGY.2011.2.1-2;NMP.2011.1.2-1	“CIGS solar module technology on rigid glass substrate is already mature and industrial companies are producing hundreds of MWp each year. Bringing flexible CIGS solar modules to industrial maturity will yield the next breakthrough for further cost reduction by taking into account the inherent advantages of thin film technology, e.g. high throughput and large scale coating with less energy and material consumption.The aim of R2R-CIGS is to develop efficient flexible solar modules by implementing innovative cost-effective processes such that production costs below 0.5 €/Wp can be achieved in large volume factories with annual capacity of 500MWp in future.The main objectives of this project are:• Flexible solar cells on polymer film with 20% efficiency and mini-module with 16% efficiency by control of composition gradient, surface, and interface properties on nano-scale• Transfer of innovative buffer layer process for roll-to-roll manufacturing and replacing problematic CBD-CdS by higher yield processes such as (spatial) ALD and ultrasonic spray• Developing fully laser based patterning technology for monolithic interconnection in R2R pilot-line• Scale-up of static multi-stage CIGS deposition process from laboratory scale towards inline R2R compatible processes• Implementation of the up-scaled multi-stage CIGS deposition process into pilot lines for R2R manufacturing of flexible CIGS modules• Development of moisture barrier with WVTR < 5x10-4 g/m2/d and cost-effective encapsulation• Decrease cost of ownership for enabling production costs below 0.5 €/Wp for a commercial plant with annual production of 500 MWp in future"	none given	none given	none given
69658	321305	EXCITON	Advanced Measurement and Control of Exciton Diffusion for Next Generation Organic Semiconductor Optoelectronics					2013-04-01	2019-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,100,000.00	€ 2,100,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-AG-PE3	There is great interest in organic materials with semiconducting electronic properties. This arises from both a scientific point of view (how can a plastic be a semiconductor?) and a technological point of view as these materials can be used to make light-emitting diodes, lasers and solar cells. The performance of all these devices is strongly affected by exciton diffusion, a process that is little studied or understood (particularly compared with charge transport) largely because of the lack of reliable measurement techniques. The purpose of this proposal is to make a breakthrough in the measurement, understanding and control of exciton diffusion in organic semiconductors, and so create a new generation of materials and devices with enhanced performance due to control of exciton diffusion. The key elements of the study are first to develop and validate advanced measurements of exciton diffusion. This will open up the whole topic of exciton “transport” and provide the tools for us (and others) to explore the physics of exciton diffusion and how it is affected by a range of factors relating to the structure of the materials and how they are processed. The following phase of work will use information about the main factors affecting exciton diffusion to develop strategies for controlling it. A particular challenge is to increase exciton diffusion which will then lead to improved efficiency of organic solar cells. We aim to address this both by applying the structure-property relations we develop and by developing directional exciton transfer, including quantum coherent energy transfer. This is an unconventional approach to improving organic solar cells, which could not only improve their efficiency, but also greatly simplify their structure, leading to a breakthrough in their manufacturability. Control of exciton diffusion arising from the proposed research will also lead to strategies for increasing the efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes and lasers.	none given	none given	none given
69679	247544	BIOMOLEC	Functionalized biopolymers for application in molecular electronics and in photonics					2011-09-01	2015-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 349,200.00	€ 349,200.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES	The project will unite efforts of leading laboratories of 5 countries: France, Romania, Poland, Brazil and Russia to render the two well known biopolymers: DNA and collagen applicable in molecular electronics and in Photonics Marine DNA, extracted from waste in salmon industry and commercial collagen will be used to obtain biodegradable photoresponsive materials for application in photonics and in molecular electronics.Biodegradable and coming from renewlable ressources pure DNA and collagen, well known biopolymers, are chacterized by an ionic electrical conductivity and photoinactive large transparency range material. These materials will be functionalized with photoactive chromophores such as 1D charge transfer molecules to render them photoresponsive. On the other hand doping with such molecules as PEDOT, fullerenes and particularly the nanotubes will increase significantly the charge mobility and make the biopolymers applicable in optical signal processing, molecular electronics and solar energy conversion. At the output of the project materials with controllable charge mobility and nonlinar optical response will be obtained. Practical applications, particularly in solar energy conversion and in making smart windows will be demonstrated	none given	none given	none given
69681	239342	ALHSOLAR	Advanced Light Harvesting for Organic based Solar Energy Conversion					2009-11-01	2012-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 45,000.00	€ 45,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	PEOPLE-2007-2-2.ERG	During last years, there has been a strong research effort in order to cut down photovoltaics costs. Several possible alternative technologies to silicon-based photovoltaics have been proposed and Organic PhotoVoltaics (OPV) could represent the cheapest way to convert solar energy into electricity. The Bulk Heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell represents a photovoltaic system that can be processed from solution leading to large area devices on transparent and flexible substrates, using cheap techniques like spin-coating, doctor blading, ink-jet printing and screen-printing, in conformity with the request of low cost photovoltaics.One major obstacle to be overcome is the low Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) that has been demonstrated up to now, a maximum of about 5%.Various parameters influence the low efficiency: among the others, PCBM, a soluble fullerene derivative, is the almost exclusive n-type material (acceptor) in these devices, obliging to optimize the donor in a particular device configuration; only a little amount of the solar spectrum is involved in the energy conversion process; charge carrier mobility is lower than the one of inorganic counterparts, only partly balanced by a higher absorption coefficient and a higher charge mean lifetime.The major objectives to be achieved in the present proposal framework are:1) to study the optical and the electronic properties of new low-bandgap materials, both polymers and inorganic nanoparticles, as donor phase to be used in BHJ solar cells;2) to study the optical and electronic properties of inorganic nanoparticles to be used as acceptor phase in BHJ solar cells.3) to optimize the device structure in order to increase the fraction of absorbed photons from the incoming solar photon flux studying the light harvesting by Resonant Surface Plasmon coupling;4) to optimize the light harvesting by Resonant Energy Transfer and/or new conceptual spectral shaping.	none given	none given	none given
69687	235286	NANOSOL	From Femto- to Millisecond and From Ensemble to Single Molecule Photobehavior of Some Nanoconfined Organic Dyes for Solar Cells Improvement					2009-06-01	2011-05-31	nan	FP7	€ 0.00	€ 161,899.59	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008	In this project (NANOSOL), we wish to study the femtosecond to millisecond dynamics of some selected triphenylamine dyes in solutions and confined within MCM-41 mesoporous silica material in absence and in presence of TiO2. The dyes are being proposed as potential candidates for solar energy conversion with an efficiency in classical configuration up to 5.33%. We will interrogate their relaxation dynamics and study the effect of zeolites nanoconfinement on the related and subsequent elementary events from fs to ms regime. Powerful techniques based on ultrafast-laser and single-molecule technologies will be our tools to follow the electronic flow from its birth triggered by a photonic excitation of the dye to its death due a charge recombination. We will then explore for the selected dyes the relationship between the time domain and nature of the zeolites (space domain, nano to micrometer domain).This relationship will be examined at a single molecule and particle level with both time and spectral resolutions. The results will be correlated to their solar-energy conversion efficiency in a classical scheme, and will serve for designing confined systems for a new generation of photovoltaics cells. We believe that the expected results will be of great interest to the scientific community working in nanotechnology (nanoLED’s, nanostwitches, etc) nanomedicine (drug delivery), and environmental science (clean energy), and in particular to those performing dye-sensitized solar cells.	none given	none given	none given
69688	327367	ChalQd	Chalcopyrite Quantum dots for Intermediate band Solar cells					2013-04-01	2015-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 147,210.00	€ 147,210.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF	Solar cells based on today’s technology are limited to power conversion efficiency around 30%. To achieve mass deployment of photovoltaic systems there is the need to lower the actual production costs and one way to do so is to produce solar cells with very high efficiencies. Intermediate band solar cells are, in theory, limited to efficiencies as high as 60% and they can be prepared by incorporating quantum dots in a matrix material. The purpose of this proposal is to prepare intermediate band solar cells based in quantum dots of chalcopyrite materials. Chalcopyrites were chosen because they are known to have good optoelectronic and material properties as demonstrated by their performance when used in thin film solar cells. Solar cells based in chalcopyrites exhibit the highest performance of all the thin film solar cells.To achieve this proposed aim the project is structured in three objectives. The first one is the preparation of chalcopyrite quantum dots using molecular beam epitaxy, the second one deals with the choice and growth of a suitable matrix material and the last one consists in bringing these two parts together and creating a solar cell stack. The candidate has a sound experience in chalcopyrite thin film solar cells and will be trained in the cross-disciplinary areas of preparation, characterization, and theory of nanostructures based in quantum dots.The main objectives are therefore:(1) Development of controlled growth of chalcopyrite-type QDs, and tuning their optoelectronic properties for suitable application in photovoltaic energy conversion(2) Development of a suitable matrix material(3) Tuning the properties of the interface between QDs and matrix to provide the basis for efficient photovoltaic energy conversion.A successful outcome will make significant progress in the knowledge of very high efficiency photovoltaic.	none given	none given	none given
69689	293567	SOLAR-PLUS	Maximizing the Efficiency of Luminescent Solar Concentrators by Implanting Resonant Plasmonic Nanostructures (SOLAR-PLUS)					2011-09-01	2015-12-01	nan	FP7	€ 100,000.00	€ 100,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-CIG	Maximizing the Efficiency of Luminescent SOLAR Concentrators by Implanting Resonant PLASmonic Nanostructures(SOLAR-PLUS) is a four-year interdisciplinary research project in optical electromagnetic modeling, material engineering and nanotechnology fabrication, whose aim is to reduce the cost of harvesting solar energy by exploiting advanced nanophotonic concepts. The main technical objective of the proposed work is to double the energy conversion efficiency of a typical monolayer luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) system, currently standing at <4% to >8%, by harnessing the interplay phenomena between fluorescence and localized surface Plasmon resonances. The deliverables of the project are: i) To understand the fundamental interactions between plasmonics and fluorescent molecules and through the gained physical insight to derive a set of design rules for metallic nanoparticles tailored to LSC applications, ii) to develop a generic simulation platform that combines nanoscale and macroscale modeling, to allow for rapid prototype performance assessment before proceeding to expensive fabrication, iii) to fabricate highly efficient prototype plasmonic-LSCs and, iv) to explore completely new research avenues that can bring about radical improvements to LSC efficiency. Improving the energy conversion efficiency of LSCs and reducing their cost are important steps towards the commercial viability of this technology, which will assist in the EUs efforts to limit its dependence on fosil fuels. In addition, the project will serve to ensure the long term professional stability of the fellow by assisting him in securing a permanent position in the department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at University College London.	none given	none given	none given
69695	278912	PHOTOSI	Silicon nanocrystals coated by photoactive molecules: a new class of organic-inorganic hybrid materials for solar energy conversion					2012-01-01	2017-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,182,606.00	€ 1,182,606.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-PE5	Silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) have gained much attention in the last few years because of their remarkable optical and electronic properties, compared to bulk silicon. These unique properties are due to quantum confinement effects and are thus strongly dependent on the nanocrystal size, shape, surface functionalization and presence of defects.The aim of the present project is the coupling of SiNCs with photo- and electroactive molecules or multicomponent systems, like dendrons, to build up a new class of hybrid materials to be employed in the field of light-to-electrical energy conversion (solar cells).SiNCs possess several advantages with respect to more commonly employed, quantum dots, which usually contain toxic and rare metals like lead, cadmium, indium, selenium: a) silicon is abundant, easily available and essentially non toxic; b) silicon can form covalent bonds with carbon, thereby offering the possibility of integrating inorganic and organic components in a robust structure; c) absorption and emission can be tuned across the entire visible spectrum from a single material, upon changing the nanocrystal dimension.This project will address the understanding of the fundamental photophysical and electrochemical properties of SiNCs, and their electronic interactions with the functional coating units. Taking advantage of the acquired knowledge, the project will then be devoted to the implementation of these hybrid materials as light-harvesting and charge transport components in photoelectrochemical cells. PhotoSi is expected to lead to solar cells with high efficiency (superior electronic properties of the hybrid material), low cost (the amount of the nanostructured material is significantly reduced compared to conventional Si cells), and low environmental impact (Si is essentially non toxic, and new less-energy demanding synthetic methodologies will be explored).	none given	none given	none given
69697	334302	SusNano	Sustainable Nanocomposites for Photocatalysis					2013-10-01	2018-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 100,000.00	€ 100,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG	Sustainable generation of energy is arguably the biggest challenge facing society. Investment into energy research is considerable (e.g. ~€2.5billion in EU FP7), with one key goal being the capture of solar energy. Production of electricity from sunlight (photovoltaics) is perhaps the most well-known option, but is restricted to less than 0.1% of the current market due to cost and problems with long term storage. An alternative approach, inspired by photosynthesis, is the use of sunlight to generate storable, transportable chemical fuels. These can include hydrocarbons from carbon dioxide and hydrogen from water splitting. While considerable advances have been made in artificial photosynthesis, efficient visible light catalysts are still a major challenge. Furthermore, any feasible large-scale system must be based on abundant materials and facile fabrication processes. This is emphasized in a recent White Paper prepared by the UK, US, Japanese, German and Chinese Chemical Societies. They state the need for, “new catalysts and materials from low-cost, earth-abundant elements that can be used to build affordable, sustainable solar energy transformation and storage systems” This proposal will directly address this challenge by creating new photocatalyst/cocatalyst composites based on earth-abundant elements and facile methods. These unique approaches will enable H2 production in an economically viable and sustainable manner.	none given	none given	none given
69698	615217	PS3	An artificial water-soluble photosystem by protein design					2014-06-01	2019-05-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,997,944.00	€ 1,997,944.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-CG-2013-LS9	This project aims at producing a fully functional light energy conversion system that is inspired by, but does not necessarily mimic, the fundamental solar energy conversion unit of natural photosynthesis – the photosystem. This is a formidable challenge that can be met with thorough understanding of biological energy and electron transfer processes, and the growing capabilities of computational protein design. Here, this knowledge and capabilities will be further developed and utilized for the design and construction of multi-cofactor, multi-subunit protein complexes with photosystem functionality. These will be designed to efficiently capture light in the visible and near infrared range, exploit it for driving the oxidation of a molecular redox carrier at one end, and providing highly reducing electrons at the other end.Our general goal will be achieved by designing protein-cofactor complexes that will facilitate light-driven electron- and excitation energy-transfer that will make up the reaction center, and light harvesting modules, respectively. Constructing protein scaffolds that will assemble and organize arrays of multiple pigments, and chains of redox cofactors are significant challenges at the forefront of the field of protein de novo design, and current theories of biological energy and electron transfer.Success will set a new standard, well beyond the current state of the art, for our ability to use computational protein design methods for assembling functional protein-cofactor complexes. These can be used as benchmarks to test and validate the engineering principles of biological energy conversion systems, as well as new ideas about their evolution. Practically, it will open new and exciting technological possibilities for constructing artificial solar energy conversion systems from biological building blocks, which may enable their introduction into living systems and the construction of novel bioreactors for light driven fuel production.	none given	none given	none given
69700	260661	PHOTOBIOFUEL	Direct photobiological conversion of solar energy to volatile transport fuels					2011-01-01	2015-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 916,119.90	€ 916,119.90	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-LS9	The aim is to integrate photosynthetic solar energy conversion and synthesis of volatile engine-ready transport fuel in a single photobiological process. The focus is placed on the construction of phototrophic model systems for synthesis of the short-chain alkane propane (C3H8). Propane can be used in existing engines without further chemical conversion and can be easily recovered from the production process without destructive harvesting and extraction. However, no commercial biological production process exists and there is no known metabolic pathway for short-chain alkane biosynthesis. The intention is to construct a synthetic pathway for propane biosynthesis. In order to facilitate the construction, alkane biosynthetic pathways are studied in detail and genes encoding key-enzymes are isolated from diverse organisms.In order to directly capture solar energy to drive fuel biosynthesis, the synthetic pathways are assembled in the photosynthetic model organism Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Native host metabolism is thereafter optimized to maximize the delivery of metabolic precursors and reducing energy to the synthetic pathways. In order to facilitate strain construction, cyanobacterial host strains are optimized for metabolic engineering and hydrocarbon fuel biosynthesis.The project has the ultimate aim to generate cyanobacteria strains that synthesize short-chain alkane using only light, CO2 and H2O as substrate. The project has a clear applied target with high potential for socio-economical impact and a high risk / high gain character.	none given	none given	none given
69704	617516	ETASECS	Extremely Thin Absorbers for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage					2014-09-01	2020-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,150,000.00	€ 2,150,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-CG-2013-PE8	ETASECS aims at making a breakthrough in the development of photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells for solar-powered water splitting that can be readily integrated with PV cells to provide storage capacity in the form of hydrogen. It builds upon our recent invention for resonant light trapping in ultrathin films of iron oxide (a-Fe2O3), which enables overcoming the deleterious trade-off between light absorption and charge carrier collection efficiency. Although we recently broke the water photo-oxidation record by any a-Fe2O3 photoanode reported to date, the losses are still high and there is plenty of room for further improvements that will lead to a remakable enhancement in the performance of our photoanodes, reaching quantum efficiency level similar to state-of-the-art PV cells. ETASECS aims at reaching this ambitious goal, which is essential for demonstrating the competitiveness of PEC+PV tandem systems for solar energy conversion and storage. Towards this end WP1 will combine theory, modelling and simulations, state-of-the-art experimental methods and advanced diagnostic techniques in order to identify and quantify the different losses in our devices. This work will guide the optimization work in WP2 that will suppress the losses at the photoanode and insure optimal electrical and optical coupling of the PEC and PV cells. We will also explore advanced photon management schemes that will go beyond our current light trapping scheme by combining synergic optical and nanophotonics effects. WP3 will integrate the PEC and PV cells and test their properties and performance. WP4 will disseminate our progress and achievements in professional and public forums. The innovations that will emerge from this frontier research will be further pursued in proof of concept follow up investigations that will demonstrate the feasibility of this technology. Success along these lines holds exciting promises for ground breaking progress towards large scale deployment of solar energy.	none given	none given	none given
69705	339031	TRIPLESOLAR	Solar Energy Conversion in Molecular Multi-Junctions					2014-03-01	2019-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 2,493,585.00	€ 2,493,585.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-AG-PE5	The project focuses on investigating and developing novel principles for solar-to-electricity and solar-to-fuel conversion using organic semiconductors and employing multiple photons in a process that mimics natural photosynthesis. The goal is to develop efficient solar energy convertors based on cheap and abundant materials that offer prospects to be employed on large scale and contribute to global conversion and storage of solar energy.Presently, state-of-the-art polymer solar cells reach power conversion efficiencies of ~10% in solar light. Projected efficiencies are as high as 20% when multi-junction solar cells can be employed. Closing this gap is a tremendous challenge that will require pushing every single step in the conversion process to its intrinsic limits, eliminating losses close to perfection. In addition to efficient conversion, storage of energy is crucial because solar electricity supply and demand are intermittent. Capturing solar energy in chemical bonds of molecular fuels is most effective in terms energy density and the first firm ideas are emerging on how this can be achieved. We will use our expertise in the area of polymer solar cells to create multi-junction molecular solar-to-electricity conversion devices with unprecedented power conversion efficiencies and develop new concepts for efficient solar-to-chemical conversion.To reach these ambitious goals, the project focuses on investigating fundamental questions regarding charge generation and on developing new organic materials, electrocatalysts and devices for solar-to-electricity and solar-to-fuel conversion. The activities involve designing and synthesizing new materials, performing photophysical and morphological studies, analyzing charge and exciton transport in relation to morphology, developing new interfacial layers, electrocatalysis, and exploring the use of multi-junction configuration devices in solar cells and artificial leaves.	none given	none given	none given
69707	628605	PBFREEPEROVSKITES	Pb-Free Perovskites for Efficient All-Solid-State Hybrid Solar Cells					2015-02-01	2017-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 161,968.80	€ 161,968.80	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF	Organo-lead halide perovskite absorbers offer an extremely promising solution to solar energy conversion, in line with the European Union’s 2020 renewable energy targets. This family of materials can be processed from solution utilizing common techniques and equipment developed by the printing industry, achieving power conversion efficiencies on par with the silicon industry. However, the state-of-the-art perovskite developed uses lead as the metal center, which is highly toxic and water soluble. This poses a serious environmental threat and a serious deterrent to the commercial development of this technology. Furthermore, in the usual processing scheme, toxic solvents such as DMF are used, which in combination with the carcinogenic lead salts employed make the production of these devices rather hazardous.This project seeks to address these issues via a novel solvothermal in situ bottom-up crystallization approach to form lead-free perovskite films from non-toxic solvents on a range of different substrates. The project has been designed with the idea of exploiting both the Fellow’s previous expertise in solid-state hybrid solar cell design and device physics and the Host’s expertise in the directed growth of ordered, metal-organic crystals. The expected developed devices will directly serve as commercial prototypes for the industrialization of this technology. The technology developed here will contribute to remove a significant hurdle (removal of a very toxic element) towards the implementation of an environmentally friendly alternative solar technology, thus enhancing European industrial competitiveness.	none given	none given	none given
69708	340511	APHOTOREACTOR	Entirely Self-organized: Arrayed Single-Particle-in-a-Cavity Reactors for Highly Efficient and Selective Catalytic/Photocatalytic Energy Conversion and Solar Light Reaction Engineering					2014-03-01	2019-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 2,427,000.00	€ 2,427,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-AG-PE5	The proposal is built on the core idea to use an ensemble of multiple level self-organization processes to create a next generation photocatalytic platform that provides unprecedented property and reactivity control. As a main output, the project will yield a novel highly precise combined catalyst/photocatalyst assembly to: 1) provide a massive step ahead in photocatalytic applications such as direct solar hydrogen generation, pollution degradation (incl. CO2 decomposition), N2 fixation, or photocatalytic organic synthesis. It will drastically enhance efficiency and selectivity of photocatalytic reactions, and enable a high number of organic synthetic reactions to be carried out economically (and ecologically) via combined catalytic/photocatalytic pathways. Even more, it will establish an entirely new generation of “100% depoisoning”, anti-aggregation catalysts with substantially enhanced catalyst life-time. For this, a series of self-assembly processes on the mesoscale will be used to create highly uniform arrays of single-catalyst-particle-in-a-single-TiO2-cavity; target is a 100% reliable placement of a single <10 nm particle in a 10 nm cavity. Thus catalytic features of, for example Pt nanoparticles, can ideally interact with the photocatalytic properties of a TiO2 cavity. The cavity will be optimized for optical and electronic properties by doping and band-gap engineering; the geometry will be tuned to the range of a few nm.. This nanoscopic design yields to a radical change in the controllability of length and time-scales (reactant, charge carrier and ionic transport in the substrate) in combined photocatalytic/catalytic reactions. It is of key importance that all nanoscale assembly principles used in this work are scalable and allow to create square meters of nanoscopically ordered catalyst surfaces. We target to demonstrate the feasibility of the implementation of the nanoscale principles in a prototype macroscopic reactor.	none given	none given	none given
69711	254227	SOLAR CELL MATERIALS	Electronic Structure Methodology Reveals New Materials for Solar Cells					2010-06-01	2013-10-01	nan	FP7	€ 239,739.10	€ 239,739.10	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IOF	State-of-the-art electronic structure methods will be studied and implemented for characterizing new materials. We will explore novel materials that may be used for solar energy conversion to electricity, seeking potential materials that utilize solar energy. Quantum mechanical approaches will be used to understand the energy band structure of the materials, such as density functional theory and Green’s function techniques. The efficiency of the solar cell will be evaluated by calculating the electron transfer rate in realistic systems. We expect significant contributions to the search of new energy resources.	none given	none given	none given
69714	299345	EASE	Energy Transfer in Supramolecular Nanostructures					2012-07-01	2015-06-30	nan	FP7	€ 353,579.00	€ 353,579.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF	The primary aim of this project is to substantially expand the frontiers of current investigations on synthetic polymers for photovoltaic applications by in silico studying new supramolecular assemblies. The main features of efficient natural photosynthetic centres will be used to understand how to improve artificial devices. One of the key issues which this proposal addresses is the inherent difficulty associated with achieving artificial polymers capable of reaching high quantum yield in energy conversion. Up to now it is known that the best performing systems in bulk heterojunctions reach a 5% conversion efficiency; with the actual technology it is estimated that the upper limit is roughly 10%. The present project strives for tackle the barrier of organic solar cell efficiency: to this end state-of-the-art computational techniques will be used to catch the unique features of natural photosynthetic centres which allow for high quantum yield. Recent experimental and theoretical investigations on the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex have revealed that coherent Quantum Dynamics could be the key to explain its performance in energy conversion. To reproduce coherent dynamics, a regime of intermediate coupling between the exciton and the phonon bath should be attained in the electronic energy transfer process. Such regime has been reached by evolutionary paths in many other natural systems. From the theoretical point of view very little is known about the main features/parameters governing the coherence among chromophores; only recent advances have paved the way to the study of quantum dynamics in supramolecular (natural or artificial) systems. Classical Molecular Dynamics simulations and ab initio calculations will be performed to get an insight on natural systems and to develop a theory relating structural and functional features.	none given	none given	none given
69717	272444	ALD4PV	ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION OF METAL OXIDES FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR CELLS					2011-10-01	2014-02-03	nan	FP7	€ 184,540.80	€ 184,540.80	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IEF	“The proposal lies within the field of RENEWABLE ENERGY and aims to assist in achieving the EU climate and energy goals. Photovoltaics (PV) will have a significant impact on the energy market when the energy conversion efficiency of solar cells is enhanced. Most types of PV cells employ functional thin films and cell efficiency can be improved tailoring the properties of such films. Major challenges are to enhance photon absorption, reduce electron-hole recombination and improve charge transport.Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is an ultrathin-layer deposition technique well known for its excellent uniformity, conformability and composition control. Recently, this method has proven promising for PV through excellent surface passivation of crystalline Si cells by Al2O3. The full potential of ALD for PV cell manufacturing is yet to be exploited. This is why this project will explore the use of ALD-synthesized oxide films, in particular Zn-based and related oxides (In2O3, SnO2), for different types of solar cells. These films will be used as specific layers, such as tunnel layer in 1st generation crystalline Si cells; transparent conductive oxide or window layer in 2nd generation amorphous Si and CIGS thin film cells; and high surface-area photoanode in 3rd generation nano-based cells. After process development using various ALD configurations, different compositions and doping options will be investigated and characterised. The screening results will indicate the best candidates for conducting in-depth studies. Experimental and statistical techniques will be combined to establish the physical relationships between process parameters and film characteristics. Subsequently, optimisation and validation tests will be conducted through selected demonstrator experiments.The applicant is to attain total research autonomy and maturity at the end of the project. Transversal benefits for other energy devices (fuel cells, Li-ion batteries, etc.) are expected from this project.”	none given	none given	none given
69721	321339	ECOF	Electroactive Donor-Acceptor Covalent Organic Frameworks					2013-03-01	2019-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 2,431,728.00	€ 2,431,728.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-AG-PE5	The effective conversion of light into chemical or electrical energy is one of the major challenges of humanity during the 21st century. Organic bulk heterojunctions of polymers or aggregates of small molecules combining donor- and acceptor-functionality offer promising prospects for effective light-induced energy conversion. In order to efficiently utilize the solar energy, interpenetrating networks of donor- and acceptor components are often required. While impressive advances have been achieved in organic photovoltaics systems, so far a deterministic control of their nanoscale morphology has been elusive. It would be a major breakthrough to develop model systems with well-defined periodic, interpenetrating networks of electron donor- and acceptor-phases. It is the goal of this project to create such highly defined model systems, to enhance our understanding of the relationship between the electronic and structural parameters and the resulting light-induced charge carrier dynamics. To pursue this challenge, we base our strategy on the recently discovered conceptual paradigm of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs). COFs are a class of highly porous, organic crystalline materials that are held together by covalent bonds between molecular building blocks. In a concerted team effort with organic chemists, we will create COFs with different π-stacked heteroaromatic electron donor- and acceptor moieties, thus forming highly ordered interpenetrating networks for light-induced charge separation. This interdisciplinary program is unique as we join the forces of top-level organic synthesis with advanced nanoscience and in-depth physical characterization in one team.	none given	none given	none given
69722	251802	SNS PV CELLS	Development of SnS Based Solar Cells					2011-02-02	2013-02-01	nan	FP7	€ 240,289.60	€ 240,289.60	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF	Most solar cells manufactured are made using crystalline or multicrystalline silicon. However producing power with these cells remains expensive compared to conventional power generation. In order to reduce production costs thin film solar cells have been developed especially those based on the use of the compounds, cadmium telluride and copper gallium indium diselenide. Despite the excellent success of these cells in recent years, problems remain. Because of the cadmium contained in the former cells, there needs to be controlled disposal after use. In the latter cells there are concerns with the lack of abundance of indium and gallium when the scale of production is increased. It is possible that other inorganic materials can be used to produce solar cells without these drawbacks; one such material is tin sulphide. This compound has a near optimum direct energy bandgap for photovoltaic solar energy conversion, it consists of abundant elements and it can be made either n-type or p-type by appropriate doping. Large scale industrial processes already exist for producing thin films of tin and sulphidising metals and in previous work we have produced devices with efficiencies up to 1-2%. In this work we aim to increase the efficiency to>10% to demonstratre the viability of this exciting new material.	none given	none given	none given
69729	213303	HIGH-EF	Large grained, low stress multi-crystalline silicon thin film solar cells on glass by a novel combined diode laser and solid phase crystallization process					2008-01-01	2010-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 4,471,401.60	€ 2,864,560.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY-2007-2.1-06	HIGH-EF will provide the silicon thin film photovoltaic (PV) industry with a unique process allowing for high solar cell efficiencies (potential for >10%) by large, low defective grains and low stress levels in the material at competitive production costs. This process is based on a combination of melt-mediated crystallization of an amorphous silicon (a-Si) seed layer (<500 nm thickness) and epitaxial thickening (to >2 µm) of the seed layer by a solid phase crystallization (SPC) process. Melting the a-Si layer and solidifying large grains (about 100 µm) will be obtained by scanning a beam of a diode laser array. Epitaxial thickening of the large grained seed layer (including a pn-junction) is realized by deposition of doped a-Si atop the seed layer and a subsequent SPC process by way of a furnace anneal. Such a combined laser-SPC process represents a major break-through in silicon thin film photovoltaics on glass as it will substantially enhance the grain size and reduce the defect density and stress levels of multi-crystalline thin layers on glass compared e.g. to standard SPC processes on glass, which provide grains less than 10 µm in diameter with a high density of internal extended defects, which all hamper good solar cell efficiencies. It is, however, essential for the industrial laser-SPC implementation that such a process will not be more expensive than the established pure SPC process. A low cost laser processing will be developed in HIGH-EF using highly efficient laser diodes, combined to form a line focus that allows the crystallization of an entire module (e.g. 1.4 m x 1 m in the production line or 30 cm x 39 cm in the research line) within a single scan. Specific attention has been given to identify each competence needed for the success of the project and to identify the relevant partners forming a balanced, multi-disciplinary consortium gathering 7 organizations from 4 different member states with 1 associated country.	none given	none given	none given
69751	256283	PHOTOBIO23JC	SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL NANOSTRUCTURED METAL-SUPPORTED PHOTOCATALYSTS: CHARACTERIZATION AND PROMISING APPLICATIONS IN THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH VALUE CHEMICALS FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS					2010-04-01	2014-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 100,000.00	€ 100,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG	Heterogeneous photocatalysis offers a lot of possibilities to find the appropiate environmental friendly solutions for the problems affecting our society among them the energy´s problems. Researchers are still looking for a new routes to synthetize solid photocatalysts which will be able to transform more efficiently solar energy into chemical energy. In many developing countries, biomass is still a major energy source. The Roadmap for Biomass Technologies, authored by 26 leading experts from academia, industry, and government agencies, has predicted a gradual shift back to a carbohydrate-based economy. Biomass and biofuels appear to hold the key for satisfying the basic needs of our societies for the sustainable production of liquid fuels and chemicals without compromising the needs of future generations. In this research, I will work on novel routes of preparation of metal-nanostructured photocatalysts. The novelity of these methods of synthesis are based on the anchoring of metals such as Fe, Cr, Ti, Pd, Pt by the application of ultrasonic and photo-ultrasonic irradiation to obtain metal-nanostructured materials with specific properties. USY-Zeolite with high Si/Al molar ratio and Fumed-SiO2 will be used as carriers. Those carriers have interesting textural properties which are very helpful in hetero-photocatalysis and have not been yet broadly investigated. I will provide a complete characterization of all synthesized photocatalysts using a wide range of physico-chemical techniques (XRD, XPS, UV-vis, chemisorption, among others) and explore the potencial application in the specific example of selective conversion of glucose/xylose (model compounds of lignocellulosic biomass structure) to high value chemicals.	none given	none given	none given
70002	282889	TCSPower	Thermochemical Energy Storage for Concentrated Solar Power Plants					2011-11-01	2015-07-31	nan	FP7	€ 4,421,226.40	€ 2,849,240.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2011.2.5-1	The overall objective of the TCSPower project is to realise a new, efficient, reliable and economic thermochemical energy storage (TCS) for concentrated solar power plants which has the capability to contribute significantly to further cost reduction of regenerative electricity production. This will be achieved by applying reversible gas-solid reactions. Dissociation of calcium hydroxide is used for storing thermal energy in a temperature range between 450 and 550°C in connection with trough power plants with direct steam generation. For the higher temperatures of central air receiver CSP plants the redox reaction of manganese oxide will be applied.The scientific and technological development in the proposed TCSPower project is focused on three areas: (1) chemical reaction system and storage material issues, (2) design of the TCS reactor taking heat and mass transport aspects in combination with reaction kinetics into account, (3) system integration of the TCS system into the CSP plant.The outcome of the project will include suitable, long-term stable calcium hydroxide and manganese oxide materials with improved functionality in regard to reversible reaction kinetics and heat transfer. A simulation tool for the design of TCS reactors with improved heat and mass transfer characteristics will be applied to identify suitable reactor concepts for the hydroxide and the redox reaction system. Both concepts will be experimentally evaluated in laboratory scale. Additionally, an up-scaling to 10kW will be realized for the more promising reaction system to evaluate the performance of a pilot-scale TCS reactor experimentally.Based on the obtained results, two application-oriented concepts for the integration of the respective TCS systems into CSP plants will be elaborated. Finally, strategies for up-scaling to commercial scale and a techno-economic evaluation of the thermochemical storage systems will be developed.	none given	none given	none given
70966	249782	PEPPER	DEMONSTRATION OF HIGH PERFORMANCE PROCESSES AND EQUIPMENTS FOR THIN FILM SILICON PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES PRODUCED WITH LOWER ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND REDUCED COST AND MATERIAL USE					2010-09-01	2013-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 10,047,809.22	€ 6,001,749.01	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2009.2.1.2	Improving the cost-competitiveness and approaching grid-parity are the major challenges for micromorph thin-film photovoltaics. This project tackles major factors relating to micromorph module efficiency and production cost by assessing the influences of glass, TCO and silicon deposition (including in-situ cleaning). The project bridges the gap between research and industrial application by executing new developments and improvements in the field of TCO and PECVD reactors and processes and transferring them to production plants where the full impact on module efficiency and costs can be evaluated. On the other hand it also takes some innovations already used in other applications like different glass types and F2 as cleaning gas and transfers these improvements into the photovoltaic application. While different glass types have a high impact on production cost of solar modules, the utilisation of F2 as cleaning gas also has high impact on cost by increasing cleaning rates and decreasing gas cost and also has a strong environmental impact by replacing cleaning gases with a higher global warming potential. All these approaches will not only be developed in parallel but this project will ensure a strong interlink between these activities, e. g. the impact of narrow gap reactors on the F2 cleaning rate. The joint goal of the different work packages is the demonstration of a 157Wp micromorph module with a cost of ownersip (CoO) reduced to 0.5€/Wp. Succeeding in this project will ensure the competitiveness of the micromorph technology and further approach the final goal of grid parity. Having European companies jointly engaged in this project will ensure key players in this important technology branch in Europe, therefore strengthening the European economy. The consortium is comprised of seven partners from four European countries and includes 3 Universities and 4 industrial companies (1 equipment supplier, 1 gas supplier and 2 producers of solar modules).	none given	none given	none given
70980	621252	PECDEMO	Photoelectrochemical Demonstrator Device for Solar Hydrogen Generation					2014-04-01	2017-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,337,682.79	€ 1,830,644.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-JTI	SP1-JTI-FCH.2013.2.5	To address the challenges of solar energy capture and storage in the form of a chemical fuel, we will develop a hybrid photoelectrochemical-photovoltaic (PEC-PV) tandem device for light-driven water splitting. This concept is based on a visible light-absorbing metal oxide photoelectrode, which is immersed in water and placed in front of a smaller-bandgap thin film PV cell. This tandem approach ensures optimal use of the solar spectrum, while the chemically stable metal oxide protects the underlying PV cell from photocorrosion. Recent breakthroughs have brought metal oxide photoelectrodes close to the efficiency levels required for practical applications. We will use our extensive combined expertise on nanostructuring, photon management, and interface engineering to design innovative ways to solve the remaining bottlenecks, and achieve a solar-to-H2 (STH) energy conversion efficiency of 10% for a small area device, with less than 10% performance decrease over 1000 h. In parallel, our academic and industrial partners will collaborate to develop large-area deposition technologies for scale-up to ≥50 cm2. This will be combined with the large-area PV technology already available within the consortium, and used in innovative cell designs that address critical scale-up issues, such as mass transport limitations and resistive losses. The finished design will be used to construct a water splitting module consisting of 4 identical devices that demonstrates the scalability of the technology. This prototype will be tested in the field, and show a STH efficiency of 8% with the same stability as the small area device. In parallel, our partners from industry and research institutions will work together on an extensive techno-economic and life-cycle analysis based on actual performance characteristics. This will give a reliable evaluation of the application potential of photoelectrochemical hydrogen production, and further strengthen Europe’s leading position in this growing field.	none given	none given	none given
71003	239743	UPCON	Ultra-Pure nanowire heterostructures and energy CONversion					2010-01-01	2014-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,286,000.00	€ 1,286,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-PE5	This proposal is devoted to the synthesis of ultra-pure semiconductor nanowire heterostructures for energy conversion applications in the photovoltaic domain. Nanowires are filamentary crystals with a very high ratio of length to diameter, the latter being in the nanometer range. Nanowires are of significant interest owing to their large surface-to-volume ratio and low-dimensional properties, as well as attractive building blocks of novel devices, including for novel energy conversion applications. The most widely employed nanowire growth method relies on the use of gold, which is known to be an impurity limiting mobility and carrier lifetime in semiconductors. It is generally realized that nanowires with higher purity could enable significant advances in both fundamental studies and technological applications. This proposal combines two complementary and essential aspects of semiconductor nanowires: (i) synthesis in extremely clean conditions and (ii) their application to new concepts of photovoltaic devices. The first part involves the use of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) system for the synthesis of III-V semiconductor nanowires and heterostructures. Special emphasis will be given in the synthesis of new heterostructure designs, i.e. across the nanowire radius and along the growth axis. The fabrication of ordered arrays of nanowires on large areas and on silicon substrates will also be investigated. In the second part, nanowire based solar cells will be designed, fabricated and characterized. Particular emphasis will be given toward understanding the role of geometry and interfaces in the energy conversion efficiency of the novel nanowire-based solar cells. Here, the high cleanliness and precise heteroepitaxial growth of MBE nanowires will allow us to perform fundamental studies, generating ground-breaking knowledge on the microscopic processes in energy conversion. This project will foster the use of nanotechnology in the energy challenges of the XXI century.	none given	none given	none given
71021	308997	NANOMATCELL	NOVEL ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY SOLUTION PROCESSED NANOMATERIALS FOR PANCHROMATIC SOLAR CELLS					2013-01-01	2015-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,545,958.90	€ 2,722,101.30	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2012.10.2.1	Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is the leading technology of third-generation solution-processed solar cells with reported efficiencies in excess of 10%. However despite the huge efforts in the last two decades saturation effects are observed in their performance. Efforts so far have been concentrated towards engineering and fine-tuning of the dyes, the electrolytes and the interface of the dye to the electron acceptor, employing titania as the electron acceptor.DSSCs rely, then, on dyes for efficient light harvesting which in turn entails high fabrication costs associated to the Ru-based dyes as well as the use of 10 um thick devices. In addition, optimized titania requires high-temperature processing raising concerns for its potential for low-cost, flexible-platform fabrication.In this project we propose a disruptive approach; to replace titania with a novel electron accepting nanoporous semiconductor with a bandgap suitable for optimized solar harnessing and a very high absorption coefficient to allow total light absorption within 2 um across its absorption spectrum. In addition the deposition of the nanostructured platform will employ processing below 200oC, compatible with plastic, flexible substrates and cost-effective roll-to-roll manufacturing.We will focus on non-toxic high-abundance nanomaterials in order to enable successful deployment of DSSCs with targeted efficiencies in excess of 15% and 10% for SS-DSSCs, thanks to efficient solar harnessing offered by the novel nanocrystal electron acceptor.To tackle this multidisciplinary challenge we have assembled a group of experts in the respective fields: development of nanocrystal solar cells, DSSC technology and physics, atomic layer and surface characterisation and a technology leader (industrial partner) in the manufacturing and development of third generation, thin film, photovoltaic cells and modules (DSSCs).	none given	none given	none given
71070	252228	EXCITONIC SOLAR CELL	Photovoltaic Excitonic Solar Cells					2010-06-01	2012-05-31	nan	FP7	€ 182,970.80	€ 182,970.80	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF	Photovoltaic cells (PVCs) use semiconductors to convert light energy into electrical current and are regarded as one of the key technologies towards a sustainable energy supply. The current PVCs supplying power conversion efficiencies of 10–20%. However, their poor absorbing properties and the difficulty in producing uniform thin films over large area substrates make the manufacturing processes quite costly. Further, most current PVCs harvest solar energy with a wavelength below 1.1 micron, though almost 50% of the sun power reaching the earth is in the infrared (IR) regime, and the power conversion efficiency could be improved with the use of the IR portion above 1.1 micron. This paper proposes the development of radically new nanostructures and molecular materials for the production of innovative solar cells, called excitonic solar cells (XSCs), competitive with traditional energy sources. The goals of the research are to develop XSCs using of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) as light harvesting units, with a fine tuning of the optical cross section and of the band gap in the IR regime. To design molecular relays (MRs) that connect the QDs to electron conductor materials, the MRs should enable carriers’ transport and good adhesion to the electron-transport nanostructures. Moreover, a specifically designed n-type semiconductors will be developed, such as ZnO or TiO2 nanofibers, with architecture, morphology and surface structure suitable to maximise the efficiency of the charge transfer processes at the QD. The competitive cost-efficiency ratios of the materials used in this research will be improved, developing efficient synthesis approaches and surface functionalization to enable reliable, large scale applications of XSC devices. The significance of this research is the integration of innovative materials in XSC devices to be used as environmentally clean, renewable electric power sources, paving the way for short-, medium-, and long-term applications.	none given	none given	none given
71153	254337	EMM3	Emerging Materials and Methods for 3rd generation solar cells					2010-09-01	2013-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 250,392.00	€ 250,392.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IOF	Third generation solar cells represent alternatives to traditional bulk and thin film devices. They constitute a novel way to improve the ratio between photovoltaic efficiency and total cost, by including new physical principles and materials. This proposal combines two complementary aspects of third generation solar cells: new materials and new materials combinations and new physical mechanisms for photovoltaic conversion. The initial phase of the proposed research is mainly material characterization oriented: (i) Study of the combination of materials –such as InGaN, InN superlattices- which can lead to the formation of intermediate bands through the implementatuion of nanofrabrication technologies (ii) combination of optical spectroscopy and electronic transport techniques for the study of physical phenomena such as up/down conversion and intermediate band formation. In a second phase, the initial results and methodologies will be combined with the know-how within the host institutions through close collaborations, and the research will evolve towards the realization of photovoltaic devices based on nanostructured material.	none given	none given	none given
71158	609000	GreenDataNet	Green and Smart Data Centres Network Design					2013-09-01	2016-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 4,354,946.00	€ 2,897,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	ICT-2013.6.2	The GreenDataNet project aims at designing and validating a new, system-level optimisation solution allowing urban data centres to radically improve their energy and environmental performance. The objective is to develop a set of beyond state-of-the-art technologies that will allow urban data centres to reach 80% of renewable power and decrease their average Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) from 1.6-2.0 today to less than 1.3. GreenDataNet will enable energy monitoring and optimisation of IT, power, cooling and storage at three levels: servers and racks, individual data centres, and networks of data centres. To further reduce the need for grid power, GreenDataNet will also work on the integration of local photovoltaic energy in combination with an innovative, large-scale storage solution that will facilitate the connection of data centres to smart grids. Within this project, second-life electric vehicle Li-ion batteries will be investigated as a more advantageous solution for data centres to become actual smart grid nodes.The whole solution will be implemented as an open-source platform to allow third parties to provide additional optimisation modules and ensure the long-term sustainability of the project. Three demonstration sites will be utilised to test and validate the GreenDataNet concept: a data centre from Credit Suisse in Switzerland, a data centre from CEA in France that includes a large photovoltaic area and a smart grid test platform, and a pilot site in the Netherlands that is being used by a Dutch consortium working on Green IT technologies. In addition, research on heat reuse vs. free cooling will be conducted in a new data centre built by ICTroom in Belgium. Performance indicators that go beyond PUE will be experimented in the project and will support the work of the consortium in standardisation bodies like CEN/CENELEC/ETSI. Based on the project outcome, GreenDataNet will release guidelines to help make data centres more sustainable in the future.	none given	none given	none given
71165	310230	IDSC	Indoor Dye Sensitized Solar Cells					2012-07-01	2013-06-30	nan	FP7	€ 160,400.00	€ 148,440.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-OA-2011-PoC	“Low power electronic devices are growing ever more omnipresent in the home and work environments. From digital music players, to cell phones, wireless keyboards, and hearing aids, the operation of all such devices requires available electrical power. Batteries are presently the dominant power source for these applications, however the fixed capacity requires periodic replacement or recharging. On the other hand, photovoltaic power sources continuously provide electrical power in lit environments. High power conversion efficiencies are key to enabling design flexibility by lowering the required surface coverage of devices. The tunable nature of dye sensitized solar cells (DSC) make them uniquely well fit to efficiently harvest indoor light.With this project we aim to demonstrate that DSCs are a competitive power source for the indoor environment. The unique ability to align the harvesting with the incident spectrum provides significant innovation potential for indoor DSCs. Demonstration of superior power conversion efficiency along with the requisite durability metrics will form a persuasive package to motivate additional investment. Drawing from concepts developed under the MESOLIGHT project (ERC grant 247404), the latest advancements in DSC designs will be employed to gain further advantages over competing technologies. Particularly, dye molecules and the corresponding electrolyte compounds designed and synthesized as part of MESOLIGHT task 1 will be utilized in the construction of DSCs for testing under indoor lighting conditions. These new cells are expected to demonstrate unprecedented power conversion efficiencies exceeding 20% under simulated indoor lighting. Beyond laboratory scale DSCs, we will further demonstrate enhanced indoor performance with an industrial DSC architecture based on flexible substrates.”	none given	none given	none given
71169	326919	COCHALPEC	Development of electrodes based on copper chalcogenide nanocrystals for photoelectrochemical energy conversion					2013-06-01	2015-05-31	nan	FP7	€ 184,709.40	€ 184,709.40	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF	“Solar energy is renewable and abundant enough to meet the growing energy demand, but its variability limits the application. Direct storage in the form of a clean fuel, like hydrogen, would solve this problem.Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells employ solar energy to split water molecules producing H2 and O2. Thin films of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and ZnCuInS2 (ZCIS) have shown remarkable efficiencies in photovoltaics (PV) and preliminary promising results in PEC cells, but costly fabrication. Currently, much attention is being paid to the synthesis of nanocrystals (NCs) of these materials because of their low cost preparation and tunable optical and electrical properties just by controlling the nanometer dimensions of NCs and the composition of the particles, giving more versatility to meet the energetic requirements for water splitting. These new materials in the forefront of PV remain unexplored in water splitting PEC cells to date.In this project, we propose the fabrication of photoelectrodes based on CZTS and ZCIS NCs to perform the water splitting. First, the control over the size, shape and composition of these NCs will be demonstrated using inexpensive solution-based techniques. Next, two photoelectrode configurations (viz. sensitized metal oxide and 3D-arrays of NCs) will be pursued applying state of the art overlayers to improve the charge separation and the catalytic activity at the interface with water. Finally a PEC device will be assembled that demonstrates a 5% overall solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency. In this research we propose a bottom-up approach whereby the comprehensive analysis of the interfacial charge transfer will both contribute to the basic science of solar energy conversion systems and optimize the performance of very promising materials for direct solar to fuel energy conversion. Our approach will finally create a significant impact on the scientific and general European communities through the dissemination of the field and the results.”	none given	none given	none given
71175	247404	MESOLIGHT	Mesoscopic Junctions for Light Energy Harvesting and Conversion					2010-03-01	2015-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 2,046,000.00	€ 2,046,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-AG-ID1	Research will focus on the generation of electric power by mesoscopic solar cells, a domain where the PI has an outstanding track record and leadership on the global scale. The target is to increase the photovoltaic conversion efficiency from currently 11 to over 15 percent rendering these new solar cells very attractive for applications in large areas of photovoltaic electricity production. The approach to reach this challenging target is highly creative and has a strongly interdisciplinary character. Successful implementation of the project goals is assured by the vast experience and know how of the PI and his team in the key areas of the project. The project is divided in four work packages. The first three introduce creative new concepts to enhance substantially the performance of single-junction dye sensitized nanocrystalline devices, while the fourth addresses multi-junction cells and photon up-conversion systems. The tasks to be accomplished comprise 1) The theoretically assisted conception and synthesis of new molecular sensitizers to extend the spectral response of dye sensitized photovoltaic cells into the near IR up to 900 nm, increasing substantially the short circuit photocurrent of the solar cell. 2) The implementation of highly innovative mesoscopic oxides structures to support the molecular dye or quantum dot and collect the photo-generated charge carriers. 3) The introduction of smart amphiphilic molecular insulators and ultra-thin ceramic barriers at the mesoscopic junction in order to retard the interfacial electron-hole recombination and 4) The exploration of radically new cell embodiments based on multi-junction tandem cells and photon up-conversion schemes, whose solar to electric power conversion efficiency can be raised beyond the Shockley-Queiser limit of 32 percent.	none given	none given	none given
71179	285956	SOLEGLASS	All Glass Mid Temperature Direct Flow Thermal Solar Vacuum Tube					2011-09-01	2014-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,817,325.60	€ 2,130,423.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2011-2	The strategic overall objective of this project is to produce the highly innovative product in the Solar Thermal market segment, the All Glass Mid Temperature Direct Flow Thermal Solar Vacuum Tube (SOLEGLASS in the future text). That will be achieved by combining the latest cutting edge technology developments in Solar Thermal and Glass industries and the comprehensive and focused research activities to be performed within this project backed with technological integration activities. The SOLEGLASS will enable further development of the innovative types of solar collectors within this project what will ultimately stimulate implementation of enhanced and more efficient Solar Thermal applications for the heat production.Thermal solar market is rapidly growing today in the world at all levels, indifferently whether it is related to the application field or temperature levels. Different application or temperature levels are meeting different complexity issues in product or technology implementation.In this project we are particularly targeting the mid temperature range of thermal solar applications from 100 deg C up to 300 deg C. Mid temperature solar thermal heat generation is combinable with a whole series of power generation, industrial and home applications as:oIndustry processes heatoSolar Cooling and Heating, residential and serviceoSolar power plantsProducts that we are proposing to develop are designated to the wide population of users which are among others members of the partnering SME-AGs (Croatian Chamber of Economy – CCE, Milan Chamber of Commerce – CCIAAMI and the Asociación Nacional de Fabricantes de Bienes de Equipo – SERCOBE), their national complementary associations and the EU umbrella Solar Thermal associations that are supporting this project.	none given	none given	none given
71191	336506	CEMOS	Crystal Engineering for Molecular Organic Semiconductors					2014-01-01	2018-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,477,472.00	€ 1,477,472.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-PE8	“The urgent need to develop inexpensive and ubiquitous solar energy conversion cannot be overstated. Solution processed organic semiconductors can enable this goal as they support drastically less expensive fabrication techniques compared to traditional semiconductors. Molecular organic semiconductors (MOSs) offer many advantages to their more-common pi-conjugated polymer counterparts, however a clear and fundamental challenge to enable the goal of high performance solution-processable molecular organic semiconductor devices is to develop the ability to control the crystal packing, crystalline domain size, and mixing ability (for multicomponent blends) in the thin-film device geometry. The CEMOS project will accomplish this by pioneering innovative methods of “bottom-up” crystal engineering for organic semiconductors. We will employ specifically tailored molecules designed to leverage both thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of molecular organic semiconductor systems to direct and control crystalline packing, promote crystallite nucleation, compatibilize disparate phases, and plasticize inelastic materials. We will demonstrate that our new classes of materials can enable the tuning of the charge carrier transport and morphology in MOS thin films, and we will evaluate their performance in actual thin-film transistor (TFT) and organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Our highly interdisciplinary approach, combining material synthesis and device fabrication/evaluation, will not only lead to improvements in the performance and stability of OPVs and TFTs but will also give deep insights into how the crystalline packing—independent from the molecular structure—affects the optoelectronic properties. The success of CEMOS will rapidly advance the performance of MOS devices by enabling reproducible and tuneable performance comparable to traditional semiconductors—but at radically lower processing costs.”	none given	none given	none given
71367	323034	LIGHTDRIVENP450S	Light-driven Chemical Synthesis using Cytochrome P450s					2013-03-01	2019-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 2,499,699.00	€ 2,499,699.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-AG-LS9	The goal of this proposed research initiative is to engineer chloroplasts into production units for high value bio-active natural products. The first aim is to re-route the biosynthetic pathways for these compounds into the chloroplast and to boost compound formation by optimizing and channeling reducing power from photosystem I into to the energy demanding steps. By these measures we aim to overcome the inherent limitations in plants to channel photosynthetic fixed carbon and reducing power directly into production of desired bioactive natural products. Our production targets are diterpenoids with the anti-cancer drug ingenol-3-angelate and the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin as the two chosen test compounds. Formation of the complicated hydroxylated core structures of these compounds is catalyzed by diterpenoid synthases and cytochrome P450s. These will be identified and expressed in the chloroplast. The ultimate aim is to construct a single supramolecular enzyme complex effectively using solar energy to produce complex diterpenoids. This will be accomplished by tethering the terpenoid synthases and the key P450 enzymes directly to the photosystem I complex using some of the small membrane spanning subunits of photosystem I as membrane anchors. The experimental systems used will initially be transient expression in tobacco and then move to stably transformed moss (Physcomitrella patens). The production system is built on the “share your parts” principle of synthetic biology and the aim is to construct a modular ‘tool box’ as template for tailoring the synthesis of a whole range of valuable bioactive diterpenoids. Typically, these are difficult to obtain because they are produced in very low amounts in plants difficult to cultivate. The proposal opens up entirely new research horizons and removes current bottlenecks in industrial exploitation. The technology holds the promise of true sustainability as it is driven by solar power and CO2.	none given	none given	none given
71424	258806	CHEMHEAT	Chemical Control of Heating and Cooling in Molecular Junctions: Optimizing Function and Stability					2010-12-01	2015-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 1,499,999.00	€ 1,499,999.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-PE4	Nanoscale systems binding single molecules, or small numbers of molecules, in conducting junctions show considerable promise for a range of technological applications, from photovoltaics to rectifiers to sensors. These environments differ significantly from the traditional domain of chemical studies involving molecules in solution and the gas phase, necessitating renewed efforts to understand the physical properties of these systems. The objective of this proposal concerns one particular class of physical processes: understanding and controlling local heating in molecular junctions in terms of excitation, dissipation and transfer.Local heating and dissipation in molecular junctions has long been a concern due to the possibly detrimental impact on device stability and function. More recently there has been increased interest, as these processes underlie both spectroscopic techniques and potential technological applications. Together these issues make an investigation of ways to chemically control local heating in molecular junctions timely and important.The proposal objective will be addressed through the investigation of three challenges:- Developing chemical control of local heating in molecular junctions.- Developing chemical control of heat dissipation in molecular junctions.- Design of optimal thermoelectric materials.These three challenges constitute distinct, yet complementary, avenues for investigation with progress in each area supporting the other two. All three challenges build on existing theoretical methods, with the important shift of focus to methods to achieve chemical control. The combination of state-of-the-art computational methods with careful chemical studies promises significant new developments for the area.	none given	none given	none given
71600	268154	SOBONA	Solar Cells Based on Nanowire Arrays					2011-06-01	2014-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 302,100.00	€ 302,100.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IRSES	The area of photovoltaic devices is a very promising field for technological developments, with a very strong ecological and economic impact. The purpose of this exchange program is to create novel photovoltaic devices with record efficiencies using interdisciplinary expertise of the partners, and thereby to propose new concepts for solar cells. Joint experiments and training of researchers and PhD students will be carried out during the program. We plan to design and produce state-of-the-art prototypes of hybrid solar cells, which could include the best features from both thin-film and nanowire technologies.In particular, new promising routes for controlled engineering of CdTe/CdS junction interface in thin-film solar cells will be explored by growing CdTe nanowires at high temperature and under controlled ambient conditions. Other material interchanges will be performed using as platform recent advances in the growth of a wide range of III-V and II-VI nanowire arrays.To achieve the research goals of the project it is planned to carry out intensive exchange of research staff and PhD students. Five high rank international research groups will participate in the program, three of which are represented by the EU universities:•University of Durham, Department of Physics, Durham – UK (UDUR)•University Jaume I, Departament de Física, Castelló de la Plana – Spain (UJ-I)•University of Würzburg, Experimental Physics VI, Germany (UW)And the two third country groups are represented by the following Russian institutions:• Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Ioffe PTI)• St. Petersburg Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPb-AU)This project will allow the essential knowledge and material transfer between the partners, strengthening the collaborations and helping to establish a long-term research co-operation.	none given	none given	none given
71627	622091	SONO ENGINEERING	Electronic Structures Sono-Engineering of Semiconductor Nanoparticles for Efficient Solar Energy Exploitation					2014-10-01	2016-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 231,283.20	€ 231,283.20	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF	This research aims to harness ultrasonication as innovative thermal treatment tool to effectively engineer the electronic structures of colloidal particles. The main objectives of this project are: 1) to develop various interfacial strategies to establish a general and innovative low cost ultrasonication based thermal treatment protocol; 2) to gain novel and effective sono-engineering methodologies for introducing intrinsic/extrinsic defects in seminconductor nanoparticles; and 3) to acquire innovatively enhanced photovoltaic behaviors of from the sono-engineered semiconductor nanostructures.The anticipated thermal treatment will be easy, cheap, easily accessible, and feasible for massive production in comparison with conventional black-body-radiation-based thermal treatment. This will enable one to gain in-depth insight to the physics of acoustic bubbles and especially the energy release during bubble collapse and to effectively transform existing semiconductor particles to be photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical more active for efficient storage and conversion of solar energy and exploitation, thus making a significant step forwards in solar energy exploitation.The proposed project is a multidisciplinary one, and the results of the project can be of great interest for scientists and engineers from diverse areas including colloids and interface science, material science, nanotechnology, condensed matter physics, sonochemistry, electrochemisty and photovoltaics. According to the project objectives, the proposed project contributes to the “Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and new Production Technologies (NMP)”, one of the themes of the 7th European Framework Cooperation Programme. Successfully carrying out of this project will result in significant economic, environmental and strategic impact to energy industry and our sustainable society.	none given	none given	none given
71635	299818	PhotoCatMOF	Dye-Sensitized Metal-Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Water Splitting					2012-04-01	2014-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 209,033.40	€ 209,033.40	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF	This project is proposed to enhance hydrogen generation form metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for photocatalytic water splitting via dye sensitization. Solar energy-driven renewable hydrogen could transform the supply of carbon free fuel and make an enormous impact on the viability of hydrogen as an energy carrier.Secondary building units (SBUs) in MOFs are typically comprised of transition metal oxide/nitride coordination units that can be considered as semiconductor quantum dots and thus MOFs are regarded as a matrix of such quantum dots. Although MOFs have exhibited the photocatalytic activity for water splitting, the apparent quantum yield is low because of large band gaps of SBUs. Suitable dyes are employed to sensitize the SBU semiconductor quantum dots via post-synthetic modification to enhance the capability to capture visible light, by integrating the concept of dye-sensitized semiconductor into MOF-based photocatalyst. Porosity of MOFs makes it possible to adsorb water molecules inside of free pore space which is expected to capture photoinduced electron for hydrogen generation. This system is well suited for the mechanism study due to the self-containing water molecules. In contrast, water can only be adsorbed on surface of the dense bulk semiconductor via weak interaction. This project stands at the intersection between MOF chemistry and semiconductor science. MOF provides a semiconductor quantum dot matrix and they are stable and free from agglomeration due to the strut of organic linkers, which is the drawback of for bulk and nanosized semiconductor materials. And the quantum effect of SBUs will play a great effect for the photocatalytic performance. Dye sensitization of MOFs fully adopts the merits of both MOF and semiconductor and overcomes their respective drawback for photocatalysis. The scientific and technological strengths identified between the researcher and host, Professor Rosseinsky, University of Liverpool is well aligned to the project.	none given	none given	none given
71740	622934	OPTCHATRA	Optical charge transfer processes in early stages of photosynthesis from first-principle computational techniques					2014-10-01	2016-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 166,336.20	€ 166,336.20	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF	Optically exited charge-transfer states play a crucial role in the early stages of photosynthesis but are notoriously difficult to describe efficiently with first-principles computational techniques. This difficulty not only limits the current understanding of the detailed atomistic processes in photosynthesis but is also an obstacle in simulating novel designs of photovoltaic materials that are based on organic absorbers. Current first-principles techniques for electronic excitations suffer either from failure to describe charge-transfer excitations or from poor scalability. This project aims to overcome the limitation in describing such optical excitations by implementing an efficient scheme to solve the Bethe-Salpeter equation, which is the state-of-art method for optical properties of solids and has been shown to correctly describe charge-transfer also in molecules. This method is based on a local-orbital basis for the electronic structure and uses a self-consistent Sternheimer equation to obtain the electronic response aiming to solve the Bethe-Salpeter equation for systems containing several hundreds of atoms and thus considerably broadens the range of what can currently be done with available software. It will be used to study the components of natural light-harvesting complexes that participate in the absorption and charge separation process. The application of this computational method is, however, not limited to these systems. On the contrary, this method, being a first-principles approach, has a wide range of applicability, including technological developments such as the design of photovoltaic devices. The implementation developed in this project will therefore be made available to several widely used electronic structure simulation packages through an interface, so that a wide community of users can profit from this development.	none given	none given	none given
71753	271909	nanoPV	Spectroscopic insight with nanoscale resolution on model photovoltaic systems					2011-05-02	2014-05-01	nan	FP7	€ 230,027.20	€ 230,027.20	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IOF	Engineering of cheap nanoscale elements based on self-assembled organic molecular materials with spatially distributed p-n interfaces is envisaged as a promising alternative to the expensive inorganic photovoltaic cells. In this frame, we plan to explore nanophotovoltaic interfaces to advance our understanding of the processes of sunlight conversion into usable electrical energy in molecular-scale structures.Of particular relevance for the working principle of solar cells are the interfaces between n- and p-type semiconductors, as well as those between the semiconductors and metallic contacts. We will address 3 main types of model systems: (i) bicomponent molecular layers comprising both donor and acceptor semiconducting molecules, (ii) single molecules featuring covalently coupled but yet differentiated donor and acceptor moieties, and (iii) donor-acceptor networks resulting from surface supported polymerization of previously assembled appropriate precursors. As substrates we will use the bare surface of atomically clean single crystal metals, as well as an isolating buffer layer grown on top to decouple the molecules from the metal.The functionality of such interfaces strongly depends on their electronic properties, and also on their crystalline structure and morphology. A combination of STM and STS measurements will provide not only a thorough structural analysis of the systems under study, but also detailed and spatially resolved spectroscopic insight of the relevant interfaces. Furthermore, complementary spatially averaging photoelectron and NEXAFS spectroscopies, as well as DFT calculations, will complete our study.Such study of the electronic structure of all these systems, put in relation with their simultaneously measured spatial arrangement, is expected to give valuable insight into the underlying physics of nano-photovoltaic interfaces, and thereby allow for the design and synthesis of functional interfaces with optimized optoelectronic response.	none given	none given	none given
71756	267374	DYNAMO	Dynamical processes in open quantum systems: pushing the frontiers of theoretical spectroscopy					2011-04-01	2016-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,877,497.00	€ 1,877,497.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-AG-PE4	“Scope “”Energy Materials. In this project we develop new concepts for building a novel theoretical framework (the ab-initio non-equilibrium dynamical modelling tool”) for understanding, identifying, and quantifying the different contributions to energy harvesting and storage as well as describing transport mechanisms in natural light harvesting complexes, photovoltaic materials, fluorescent proteins and artificial (nanostructured) devices by means of theories of open quantum systems, non-equilibrium processes and electronic structure. We address cutting-edge applications along three major scientific challenges: i) characterize matter out of equilibrium, ii) control material processes at the electronic level and tailor material properties, iii) master energy and information on the nanoscale. The long-term goal is developing a set of theoretical tools for the quantitative prediction of energy transfer phenomena in real systems.We will provide answers to the following questions: What are the design principles from the environment-assisted quantum transport in photosynthetic organisms that can be transferred to nanostructured materials such as organic photovoltaic materials and biomimetic materials? What are the fundamental limits of excitonic transport properties such as exciton diffusion lengths and recombination rates? What is the role of quantum coherence in the energy transport in photosynthetic complexes and photovoltaic materials? What is the role of spatial confinement in water and proton transfer through porous membranes (nano-capillarity)?The ground-breaking nature of the project lies in being the first systematic development and application of the theories of open quantum systems and quantum optimal control within an ab-initio framework (time-dependent-density functional theory). The project will open new methodological, applicative and theoretical horizons of research.”	none given	none given	none given
71780	316633	POCAONTAS	Polymer – Carbon Nanotubes Active Systems for Photovoltaics					2012-11-01	2016-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,421,494.40	€ 3,421,494.40	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN	Organic solar cells (OSC) feature several advantages over “classical” silicon solar cells: low cost, energy effective production, low weight and semi-transparency. This makes them apt for novel applications like, building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) with high market potential. However, both the efficiency and the long-term stability must be enhanced for OSCs to become profitable. POCAONTAS will develop highly efficient and stable OSCs based on tailored blends of polymers (P) with single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT), that are ideally suited for OSCs due to their inherent stability, high carrier mobility and the tunability of optical gaps. Up to now, no breakthrough in SWNT based OSC has been achieved due to challenges with the control of SWNT-chirality, -aggregation, orbital energy mismatch and nanoscale sample morphology. Our consortium will address these issues: We will synthesize functional polymers that (i) allow for a tailored selection of SWNT chiralities, and (ii) match the SWNT energy levels to polymers for maximization of efficiency. The introduction of SWNT-P exchange protocols enables us to optimize (i) and (ii) with different polymers, avoiding compromises in performance. We will obtain optimized donor-acceptor blends, in which the SWNTs are light antenna and charge transporter. We unify leading European groups in time- (down to 10 fs) and spatially (down to 10 nm) resolved spectroscopies providing unique insights into SWNT-P interactions at the molecular level. Experts in multi-scale quantum chemical modeling will develop greater predictive power of charge transport. FLEXINK, a startup in optoelectronics materials, will provide tailored polymers. KONARKA, world leader in commercial OSCs, will build and test solar cells using our blends. Both full partners can directly exploit the project’s outcome to strengthen their market position. Three associated industrial partners provide industry internships for each ESR maximizing their career perspectives.	none given	none given	none given
72050	235272	ELSI	Electrochemical Silicon Layers Formation in Fused Salts					2009-10-01	2011-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 0.00	€ 246,983.34	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008	The goal of this project is to create new electrochemical methods of silicon layer formation in fused salt electrolytes in the range of thicknesses from nanometres to micrometres. The research aims to achieve results of high technological significance – formation of silicon thin films for photovoltaic applications (e.g. solar cells). The advantages of the proposed electrochemical SiO2 deoxidation include: 1) possibility to use electrons as absolutely clean agents instead of toxic volatile chemicals used in classical processes; 2) energy efficiency; 3) spatial control of the silicon formation from pinpoint to complete layer, which will open new possibilities for microelectromechanical systems and silicon chip technologies; 4) control of the composition, morphology, structure and crystallinity of the layers depending on the operating conditions. Socio-economic reasons of the project stem from the imperative to search for effective substitutes of fossil energy. Solar energy can be converted to electricity with no impact on the environment and the fuel is free. However, so far, solar energy is expensive. The major part of its costs is related to materials, mainly silicon, which is the most widely used material for manufacture of solar elements. The classical processes of silicon production are highly energy consuming, low efficiency and unfriendly to the environment. The project proposes a new advantageous methods, which offer an opportunity to avoid the drawbacks of classical processes. The research results will be important to major European solar electricity programmes.	none given	none given	none given
72112	259619	PHOTO-EM	Solar cells at the nanoscale: imaging active photoelectrodes in the transmission electron microscope					2010-12-01	2015-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 1,381,541.00	€ 1,381,541.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-PE4	The exploitation of renewable sources of energy is one of the biggest challenges of our time, with wide ranging implications in both Science and Society. The new generation of dye-sensitized solar cells and hybrid polymer-inorganic solar cells represents one of the most exciting developments in this field. These promising devices based on photoactive nanomaterials can be produced at low cost, but they have an overall power conversion efficiency of 10-12%, attributed to short charge carrier recombination times and diffusion lengths. If we hope to improve this performance we must learn how the solar cells behave at the nanoscale, under realistic working conditions.To achieve this I propose to study photovoltaic materials in the transmission electron microscope, under photon irradiation. The three main areas to pursue are: a) In situ illumination technique development, b) Study of physical properties of solar cells, c) Theoretical interpretation of the spectroscopy results. The work plan of this ERC project will follow different strands in parallel, so that we can explore this novel field more efficiently.Our in situ illumination technique will be exported to a new monochromated and aberration corrected transmission electron microscope with very high spatial and energy resolution. The ultimate challenge is to provide maps of the electronic properties and photovoltaic behaviour of a solar cell, in particular to evaluate –on the atomic level- the effect of grain boundaries and surfaces on the performance of the device.We will study both dye-sensitized and bulk heterojunction solar cells, starting from the individual nanostructured components, with the aim of producing working cross-section devices to be mounted and operated inside the electron microscope. Efficient data processing and theoretical interpretation of the microscopy results will be essential to the success of this process, so we will build capabilities in these areas to support and guide the experimental work.The team I want to lead in this scientific mission is ideally composed of a postdoctoral research assistant and two PhD students. The postdoc will take care of technique development and theoretical aspects, while the students will concentrate on the study of materials and devices.	none given	none given	none given
72156	219332	CAMBAR07	Large-area ordered arrays of semiconducting oxide nanowires as electrodes for nanostructured hybrid solar cells					2008-10-01	2010-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 169,390.93	€ 169,390.93	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	PEOPLE-2007-2-1.IEF	The target of the present project is to fabricate high efficiency nanostructured hybrid solar cells in which the exciton recombination is strongly avoided by interface nanoengineering. The cells will be made in three main steps. First, large-area, ordered Anodised Aluminium Oxide (AAO) templates will be fabricated electrochemically onto transparent conducting substrates. Order will be induced prior to the anodization of aluminium by pre-patternig using Focussed Ion Beam (FIB). In a second step, the ordered templates fabricated will be used for the synthesis of large-area arrays of aligned semiconducting oxide nanowires. The arrays will be synthesized by electrodeposition within the template pores and by later removal of the same. Finally, films of conducting organic materials will be deposited onto the nanowire arrays by classical methods such as spin-coating from solution or thermal evaporation. The structures and devices obtained after each of the steps will be thoroughly characterised and the final test device performance will be evaluated. There are many materials science issues which will be addressed for improving the efficiency of hybrid solar cells. In particular, reduction of recombination of photo-induced charges through control of arrangement and size of oxide nanostructured electrodes, understanding of charge transfer at inorganic/organic interface, and permeation of organic semiconductor into the oxide nanostructures.	none given	none given	none given
72170	298012	nfesec	Nanophotonics for Efficient Solar-to-H2 Energy Conversion					2012-08-01	2014-07-31	nan	FP7	€ 209,033.40	€ 209,033.40	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF	Photoelectrochemical H2 production from water is a field of high present interest. This project is to design nanophotonics for efficient solar-to-H2 energy conversion. A method will be developed for fabricating nanophotonic structure (such as inverse opal photonic crystals, nanoarray photonic structure) of narrow band gap ternary metal oxide as photoanodes, for example, BiVO4 (2.4 eV), InVO4 (2.0 eV), BiFeO3 (2.2 eV), etc. Highly efficient solar-to-H2 energy conversion is expected to be achieved due to the superiorities of the structure and unique optical properties of nanophotonic structures, including stronger interaction between light and the photoelectrode induced by the stop-band edge effect, greatly improved light harvesting due to the multiple scattering effect, efficient photogenerated charge carriers separation due to the distance for photogenerated holes to reach the interface of semiconductor and the electrolyte can be significantly reduced. The proposed project will try to address how nanophotonic structures with their unique physical properties can enable efficient harvesting of light.	none given	none given	none given
72203	622630	Solar Beyond Silicon	Nanoengineering High-Performance Low-Cost Perovskite Solar Cells Utilising Singlet Fission Materials					2014-10-13	2017-10-12	nan	FP7	€ 294,219.60	€ 294,219.60	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IOF	This project aims to combine two recent breakthroughs in solution-processed thin-film solar photovoltaics (PVs) to demonstrate a low-cost, stable PV device with an efficiency approaching conventional crystalline silicon devices. The aim will be achieved by integrating singlet fission, a process capable of pushing PV efficiencies beyond conventional limits, with recent exciting perovskite results. The researcher is uniquely suited to this ambitious project, which will engage him with world-leading techniques, collaborations, and transferrable skills and help him to achieve his goal of establishing a leading UK-based device spectroscopy research group.The project comprises an outgoing phase in Prof. Valdimir Bulovic’s Organic & Nanostructured Electronics Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where their unrivalled expertise in the deposition and nanopatterning of materials will be applied to perovskite/singlet fission devices. This expertise will be transferred back to Prof. Sir Richard Friend’s Optoelectronics (OE) Group at Cambridge University, world-leaders in ultrafast spectroscopy. Device behaviour will be elucidated and performance optimised by studying ultrafast phenomena such as the dynamics and mechanism of charge generation. Such a partnership of high-end nanoengineering and ultrafast spectroscopy is yet to be achieved and is likely to lead to revolutionary breakthroughs.The work will ensure that state-of-the-art expertise not currently available in the European Research Area (ERA) is transferred to the European community. This will create strong international links between the two leading groups, with enormous potential for intellectual property generation and industry involvement through OE Group spin-outs and partners and knowledge transfer from interaction with successful enterprises in the Boston area. This will increase Europe’s competitiveness in the solar energy sector and ensure its energy security and emission targets are reached.	none given	none given	none given
72238	623061	CO2TOSYNGAS	Visible-light-driven CO2 reduction to SynGas using water as electron and proton donor over a Z-scheme photoelectrochemical cell					2014-10-01	2017-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 231,283.20	€ 231,283.20	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF	The finite petroleum feedstock and the increased concentration of the greenhouse gas CO2 in the atmosphere have led to the concept of renewable CO2 utilization. The use of CO2 as a starting material for the chemical industry would not only relieve environmental pressures on our society, but it is also vastly abundant; with approximately 300 billion tons, CO2 is the most abundant carbon source in the Earth’s atmosphere. Therefore, a driver for investment in CO2 utilization will be the ability to maintain security in the supply of sustainable fuels and commodity chemicals that have traditionally relied on non-renewable petrochemical sources.Currently, approximately 75% of the world’s energy demand is covered by fuels, while only 25% by electricity. Photovoltaics, wind and other renewable energy sources can only cover the electricity demand. There is currently no viable solution to produce fuels on a global scale in developed nations in a post-fossil era. This ambitious and innovative project tackles the challenge to produce renewable fuels through the conversion of CO2 to SynGas (CO + H2), which can be subsequently transformed into liquid hydrocarbons through the known Fischer-Tropsch process, and it would address the three quarters of the global energy demand.Conventional heterogeneous catalysis, electrocatalysis and photocatalysis are presently the most commonly used methods of reducing CO2 to useful products. All of these techniques require an energetic input (thermal energy, electricity and light). The sun delivers solar energy to the Earth with a power of >120,000 TW, which greatly exceeds the current annual global energy consumption of ~15 TW, and is thus the most sustainable source of energy available to humanity.The ultimate goal of this project is converting CO2 to SynGas with the use of solar light as energy source. In addition, water an extremely abundant, non-toxic and sustainable resource will be used as electron and proton donor.	none given	none given	none given
72278	624997	CO2SF	Solar Fuel Chemistry: Design and Development of Novel Earth-abundant Metal complexes for the Photocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide					2014-03-01	2016-02-29	nan	FP7	€ 299,558.40	€ 299,558.40	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IIF	The world’s demand for energy is increasing and is expected to double in the next 50 years. To meet the energy demand, sustainable carbon-neutral energy sources must be exploited. Solar energy is a greatly underutilized sustainable resource. New large-scale, sustainable energy technologies are required to decrease our dependence on fossil fuels and to decrease the anthropogenic production of greenhouse gases. Technologies for the capture, conversion and storage of solar energy, specifically in the form of chemical bonds, will allow us to develop carbon-neutral energy sources.The design and development of CO2 reduction photocatalysts using Earth abundant metals is described. Our targets include the synthesis of ligands capable of absorbing light in the ultraviolet and visible range and coordination of these ligands to earth abundant metal centres, such as Fe, Ni, Mo and W. Photocatalytic testing will be carried out towards the reduction of CO2 to CO. Subsequent modification of the ligands to incorporate a phosphonate tether will allow grafting of the newly designed catalysts to semi-conducting electrode materials. Catalysis will then be carried out in a heterogeneous fashion in aqueous solution rather than in organic solvents. This will make use of water, the world’s most abundant proton source for sustainable CO2 reduction. This cathodic half-cell will then be combined with a water-oxidizing anode to form an overall photoelectrochemical cell which will make syngas (H2 and CO) from water and sunlight.	none given	none given	none given
72293	280078	EMATTER	New materials for energy production and sustainable energy use					2012-02-01	2018-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,963,834.60	€ 1,963,834.60	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-PE8	The proposed research is in the field of nanofiber materials, focusing on the development of functional nanofibers for the complementary purposes of energy production and sustainable energy use. Significant opportunities exist in these areas, stemming from the development of several methods in the last decade for higher capacity nanofiber production, as well as the strategic need to find alternatives to current production of energy and its uses. Nanofibers are expected to bring revolutionary advances to these and many other fields of science and technology, including catalysis, filtration, protein separations, tissue engineering, and flexible electronics. We will work on creating such materials with potential applications in multi-exciton photovoltaics and catalysis for energy production. For sustainable energy use, we will develop bioinspired responsive materials and architectures, which would store energy, release it on demand, and act as life-like, efficient, and autonomous entities. Fundamental questions we will address in the research include: How do we tailor semiconductor band structures, as well as achieve nanoscale morphologies for efficient dissociation of photogenerated excitons? Can we develop general predictive rules for the conditions needed to fabricate nanofibers from any polymer solution by liquid shear processing? Can the molecular crystallinity and porosity be controlled in the fibers? What are the simplest life-like, autonomous devices that could be made with synthetic materials?This work will include extensive solution-based synthesis, processing, structural and chemical characterization (by optical and electron microscopy, small angle X-rays), physical property measurements (mechanical, optical, electronic), device fabrication and assembly, and computer simulations. Most of the facilities needed for the research are available in Cambridge, and some will be arranged for through external collaborations.	none given	none given	none given
72333	328085	RPSII	Re-wiring of photosystem II enzymes to metal-oxide electrodes in artificial photosynthetic devices for enhanced photocatalytic water splitting performance					2013-03-11	2015-03-10	nan	FP7	€ 221,606.40	€ 221,606.40	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IIF	“Photocatalytic water splitting is an attractive means of efficiently converting solar energy into a storable hydrogen fuel, offering a clean and renewable source of energy that can replace fossil fuel. In this study, the Photosystem II (PSII) enzyme is employed as a biological catalyst in important proof-of-principle studies to establish the basic principles behind emerging artificial photosynthetic devices for efficient light-driven water splitting. Currently, the maximal output of PSII-based photocatalytic water splitting systems is capped by a number of factors, most significantly the non-ideal ‘wiring’ of the enzymes to the electrode giving rise to inefficient electron transfer. The present Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship (IIF) project proposes to enhance the performance of benchmark PSII-based photocatalytic systems by ‘rewiring’ the electron transfer from the bio-catalyst to the anode to eliminate inefficient steps, and hence establish new maximal outputs achievable by such systems. This will be achieved by directed immobilisation of the PSII to the anode, followed by the inhibition of redox events in the electron flow pathway to bypass the rate-limiting step. Moreover, current photocatatlyic water splitting systems rely on expensive rare-earth components which are ultimately non-sustainable and uneconomical for use in future photocatalytic devices. In this study, newly accessible nano-structured earth-abundant substrates will be investigated as electrode material to ultimately encourage the development of more sustainable systems for photocatalytic water splitting.”	none given	none given	none given
72375	300501	ENERGOSIL	Silicon Films on Metals for Energy Applications					2013-01-07	2015-09-07	nan	FP7	€ 258,306.40	€ 258,306.40	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF	The main objective of this project is creation of porous silicon films with effective light absorbance on technically important metallic substrates such as steels, aluminium alloys and copper as well as metal-coated glass. This will give the possibility of combining structural materials with silicon for facing panels for buildings, which could be used to harness solar energy. The project aims to create highly efficient silicon films with nano-micro porous architectures, which will improve the efficiency of solar energy harvesting due to light trapping by internal reflection. The proposed concepts and methods are relevant to a wide range of applications where specifically high silicon surface to volume rates are of importance: solar cells, solar-driven generation of hydrogen, electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, precursors for production of silicon nano-particles and platforms for chemical and biological sensors.	none given	none given	none given
72829	306983	HySPOD	Hybrid Solution Processable Materials for Opto-Electronic Devices					2013-01-01	2017-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,500,000.00	€ 1,500,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-PE4	This proposal aims at developing, studying the physical properties, and fabricating solar cell devices based on novel hybrid semiconductors. These new hybrids will combine the electronic properties of colloidal semiconducting nanocrystrals (nanorods) with those of semiconducting organic molecules. Semiconducting nanocrystals are confined systems and therefore are usually not good building blocks for electrical devices. The solution proposed by this ERC project to turn them into efficient components for optoelectronics devices is to build a functional interface between nanocrystals using organic molecules. This will allow extracting charge carriers from these confined systems by means of different physical phenomena including multiple exciton generation. The proposal thus aims to carry out fundamental research as an important step towards making solar cells an economically viable alternative source of energy.The execution of this highly challenging investigation will be based on multidisciplinary expertise in physics, device physics, and physical chemistry and delivered through three well defined, interconnected and targeted key objectives. i) The creation of a fully functional interface for semiconducting nanorods for the extraction of charge carriers; ii) the first fundamental investigation of multiple exciton generation with direct electrical measurement of the photo-excited carriers in these new hybrids based on nanorods; iii) the use of the new hybrid materials for the fabrication of highly efficient low cost solar cells.The applicant is well-established in this field, and has already achieved major breakthroughs in the design, study and fabrication of organic-inorganic hybrids. With the strong support of the Host Institution, she is in a perfect position to deliver on the ambitious goals of this proposal.	none given	none given	none given
72857	626852	SECQDSC	Towards Long-term Stable and Highly Efficient Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells					2014-10-01	2016-05-31	nan	FP7	€ 152,891.50	€ 152,891.50	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF	Colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solar cells (SCs) offer the potential advantages of low cost and flexibility via facile solution processing. However, practical application of CQD SCs is still limited by the relatively short lifetime and low efficiency. The short lifetime is due to the fact that the active spots on CQD surface can readily react with oxygen in ambient. The low efficiency is limited by the trade-off between charge collection and photon harvesting. The research objectives of this proposal include two aspects: (i) to protect CQD film away from ambient oxygen to prolong the lifetime of CQD SCs; (ii) to circumvent the trade-off between charge collection and photon harvesting to improve the efficiency of CQD SCs.In order to realize our research objectives, we carefully propose two promising strategies for each objective. (1) For the first objective, firstly we will grow a stable inorganic semiconductor shell outside CQD core as the protecting layer; secondly, we will fill up the voids in CQD film using stable amorphous n-type TiOx or p-type MoO3 to cut off the way of oxygen attacking the exposed CQD surface. (2) For the second research objective, firstly, we propose to increase electron mobility by incorporating semi-conductive materials, possessing higher electron mobility and lower-lying conduction band (CB) than CQD, into CQD film; secondly, we propose to enlarge the depletion region width by incorporating ferroelectric (FE) material between active layer and anode as interfacial layer.The proposed project aims to address two limitations of CQD SCs. The proposed project falls directly under “Energy Strategy” of the 7th Framework Programme (FP7), which underlines the relevance of the proposed project. The expected results of the proposed project will contribute to European excellence and European competitiveness.	none given	none given	none given
72923	295985	ECOSOLE	Elevated Concentration photovoltaic solar energy generator and fully automated machinery for high throughput manufacturing and testing					2012-08-01	2015-07-31	nan	FP7	€ 11,955,283.29	€ 6,998,000.12	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2011.2.1-3	Today most of HCPV (High Concentration PhotoVoltaic) generators are built with refractive lenses. A few companies have developed efficient solutions and set up manufacturing lines for these kind of products, but there aren’t effective reflective optics HCPV systems in Europe.ECOSOLE regards the realization and demonstration of an innovative HCPV generator made of:• New high efficiency,very high concentration, photovoltaic modules made of high acceptance refractive optics with high performance coatings, new III-V spectrum tuned quantic effect multi-junction solar cells and novel heat and humidity management systems.• New high efficiency DC-AC module converters with radio communication and specific fast MPPT algorithms.• A low cost, high precision solar tracker with improved reliability moving parts and lightweight structures.The project will focus on the integrated design of the new HCPV generator and on the study and demonstration of new methods for its large scale low cost manufacturing. The project will also focus on the study and testing of the generator’s reliability. The generators will be tested in outdoor conditions in different sites and a system performance model will be developed.The product’s cost and performance are strictly affected by the manufacturing methods, and the product’s market competitiveness is dependent upon the manufacturing method and its automation level. The manufacturing process will be capable of very high production rates as high as 1 HCPV module per minute to guarantee the high throughput necessary to drop the manufacturing’s cost.The new HCPV generator and its manufacturing methods will enable the setup of large production scale processes that will make it possible to deploy the new generators for the realization of huge photovoltaic power stations, preferably in desert areas and in the southern European regions, due to their higher application efficiency compared to standard PV systems.	none given	none given	none given
72933	609355	APPOLO	Hub of Application Laboratories for Equipment Assessment in Laser Based Manufacturing					2013-09-01	2017-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 14,555,771.00	€ 10,999,954.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	FoF-ICT-2013.7.2	During more than 50 years of the laser existence, they have been proved as the unique tool for diverse material processing application. New application ideas, coming from universities and research institutions, are usually implemented by spin-off companies with limited resources for market penetration. Research laboratories are using universal laser tools, while effective and low-cost production requires adaptation of the processes and equipment during the technology assessment by the end-user.The APPOLO project seeks to establish and coordinate connections between the end-users, which have demand on laser technologies for (micro)fabrication, knowledge accumulated in the application laboratories of the research institutes, as well as universities and the laser equipment manufacturers (preferable SMEs) of novel lasers, beam control and guiding, etc. The goal is to facilitate faster validation of the process feasibility and adaptation of the equipment for manufacturing, as well as assessment of the selected production processes. The core of the consortium comprises laser application laboratories around Europe which are connected into a virtual hub to accumulate knowledge and infrastructure and promote the easy-to-access environment for the development and validation of laser-based technologies. All the partners have chosen a few directions for the assessment of novel laser technologies: in ultra-short pulse laser scribing for monolithic interconnections in thin film CIGS solar cells – from lasers to pilot lines; use of the lasers and intelligent scanning in smart surface texturing for automotive and printing/decoration industries and for 3D flexible electronics.Implementation of the APPOLO project will help the partners from European photonics industry to preserve their competitiveness and penetrate new niches on the global market. The equipment builders for automotive, photovoltaics, electronics and printing industries will benefit from faster integration of innovative technologies which will provide the new-quality consumer products, including low-cost and high-efficiency solar cells, comfortable interior and functionality of cars, smart sensors for environmental monitoring and more.	none given	none given	none given
72940	253085	SNB09	Substrate nanopatterning by e-beam lithography to growth ordered arrays of III-Nitride nanodetectors: application to IR detectors, emitters, and new Solar Cells					2011-01-01	2012-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 153,917.00	€ 153,917.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF	The overall objective of the proposed project is the development of novel optoelectronic and photonic devices based on ordered arrays of GaN/AIGAN and InGaN/GaN nanorods. The mechanisms of spontaneous nucleation and growth of such nanorods on Si substrates, under specific experimental conditions, have been recently clarified and understood. However, the realization of true devices relies on the achievement of ordered arrays of nanorods by localization of the epitaxial growth on predetermined preferential sites. This challenging issue would be tackled by controlling the growth of such heterostructures by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) growth on nanomasks and nanopatterned substrates, and by the subsequent processing of the nanodevices arrays. Ordered growth following a predefined pattern is a critical step to allow subsequent applications. Nanomasks and nanopatterning will be achieved by e-beam lithography and dry etching. Three different devices will be developed as demonstrators, namely, arrays of nanophotodetectors in the IR, white light nanoLEDs, and nanocolumnar Solar Cells. It is worth to remark that all these devices are beyond the state-of-the-art and will benefit from the very high and unique crystal quality of nanorods. Other advantages of such nanostructures are a wide absorption surface and the capability to exploit Photonic Crystal effects for light extraction. The objectives of this project, being very ambitious, are perfectly feasible because all devices are based on the same basic structure of nanorod arrays (building block). The project, aside from very relevant scientific aspects, will offer the young researcher a full training program on technological and complementary issues.	none given	none given	none given
72945	607153	LONGESST	Low Cost Germanium Substrates for Next Generation 4-Junction Space Solar Cells Utilising Dilute Nitride Technology					2014-07-23	2017-02-01	nan	FP7	€ 3,990,870.80	€ 2,498,366.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SPACE	SPA.2013.2.2-01	Multi-junction solar cell technology, based on III-V semiconductor structures grown onto Germanium substrates, is well established as the primary photovoltaic technology used in satellite power generation. As future satellite power requirements will significantly increase due to the adoption of technologies such as electrical propulsion, sensing and telecommunications, next generation space solar cells will be required to significantly increase their conversion efficiency to enable higher energy generation with minimal increase in overall system weight and cost. To this end, this proposal will develop multi-junction space solar cells on high quality, low cost, large area (150mm diameter) Germanium substrates, which will have conversion efficiencies >33% (AM0), utilising novel 4-Junction architectures. The process will adopt dilute nitride epitaxial technology that has been developed by Nanyang Technological University (1). To enable this, a powerful consortium has been assembled, which covers the entire skill set required to produce such cells, including substrate manufacture, advanced epitaxy, device design, device fabrication, test and qualification. (1). Molecular beam epitaxy grown GaNAsSb 1 eV photovoltaic cell, K.H. Tan, S. Wicaksono, W.K. Loke, D. Li, S.F. Yoon, E.A. Fitzgerald, S.A. Ringel, J.S. Harris Jr, Journal of Crystal Growth 335, pp66-69, 2011.	none given	none given	none given
72965	308468	PVCROPS	PhotoVoltaic Cost r€duction, Reliability, Operational performance, Prediction and Simulation					2012-11-01	2015-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 5,395,951.40	€ 3,798,605.40	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2012.2.1.1	PV CROPS addresses 3 key objectives of the call topic:1) Improvement of performance, reliability and lifetime2) Cost reduction of PV systems3) Better integration of PV into gridThe 2 first objectives lead to a lower Levelized Cost of Energy, LCoE. So, the main objectives of PV CROPS are:1- Reduction of 30% of the LCoE of PV to achieve 0.14-0.07 €/kWh by 2020 and 0.20–0.09 €/kWh by 2015 and an increase of 9% in the performance ratio of PV systems2- Enhancement of the grid integration of PV by mitigating PV power fluctuations and integrating energy management and storage to allow 30% of PV penetration by 2020The objectives are attained through 5 fields of work.1) Robust modelling, advanced simulation and design optimization: through an open source, simulation and design toolbox incorporating built-in learning tools2) Prediction of system output with respect to solar resource, local weather and system behaviour: including prediction and mitigation of PV power fluctuations3) Integration of energy management and storage strategies: using innovative batteries and allowing PV to participate in the secondary regulation of the grid.4) Monitoring, real time follow-up and advanced diagnoses of performance: providing performance analyses including the detection of hidden problems reducing operational costs.5) Hardware, software and contractual solutions for field and laboratory testing: developing kit solutions for the commissioning of PV plants and BIPV.PV CROPS includes 19 results: technical documents, toolbox solutions, technology development, databases, training and spin-offs. The results will be validated on a wide set of EU PV systems, and in one of the biggest PV plants in EU and one of the biggest one in the world under project in Morocco.The results will lead to the following quantified impacts:30% LCoE reduction9% Performance Ratio increaseReduction of PV power fluctuations to less than 10% in 10 min to allow 30% of PV penetrati	none given	none given	none given
73001	211640	IBPOWER	Intermediate Band Materials and Solar Cells for Photovoltaics with High Efficiency and Reduced Cost					2008-02-01	2012-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 4,611,846.00	€ 3,489,529.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY-2007-2.1-01	This proposal pursues the manufacturing of intermediate band materials and solar cells according to the following main strategies: a) Insertion of transition elements into III-V semicontuctor matrices; b) use of quantum dot systems to artifficially engineer intermediate band solar cells; c) development of intermediate band materials and solar cells based on InGaN; d) Insertion of transition elements into thin film polycristalline hosts; Approaches “a” to “c” rely on the use of concentrated sunlight to achieve cost competitive goals. Approach “d” relies on low cost materials.	none given	none given	none given
73009	205442	TOHPN	Towards the optimization of hydrogen production by nitrogenase					2008-10-01	2014-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 1,968,000.00	€ 1,968,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-LS7	In nature, molecular hydrogen is produced by the hydrogenase and the nitrogenase enzymes. Nitrogenase reduces dinitrogen to ammonia and, in this process, it evolves hydrogen. Nitrogenase and hydrogenase are oxygen-sensitive enzymes. We chose to optimize a hydrogen production system based on nitrogenase for four reasons: some organisms carrying nitrogenase simultaneously perform photosynthesis and hydrogen evolution by nitrogenase (direct biophotolysis), thus harvesting solar energy and autonomously converting it into chemical energy in a continuous process; cellular mechanisms exist to protect nitrogenase from oxygen but do not appear to exist for hydrogenase; because nitrogenase couples ATP hydrolysis to hydrogen evolution, this enzyme is able to generate hydrogen against a substantial gas pressure; finally, the biochemistry of the nitrogenase system is well known. The objective of our proposal is to provide new eco-efficient strategies for the biological production of hydrogen. Energy research is a priority theme under the Seventh Research Framework (FP7) cooperation program. The objective of energy research under FP7 is to adapt the current energy system into a more sustainable, competitive and secure one, with emphasis and support given to hydrogen research and renewable fuel production. Our proposal has three major components: (i) in vitro evolution of nitrogenase, in which we generate new nitrogenase variants by metagenomic gene shuffling and random mutagenesis, and select those with increased hydrogen production activity; (ii) the development of a genetic system to select for hydrogen overproducers; and (iii) a biochemical element designed to understand the biochemical requisites for efficient hydrogen production by the molybdenum nitrogenase as a basis for its re-engineering.	none given	none given	none given
73013	299878	METACELLS	Advanced epitaxy of metamorphic semiconductor structures for multijunction solar cells					2013-03-01	2016-02-29	nan	FP7	€ 256,206.00	€ 256,206.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF	The objective of METACELLS project is to develop the epitaxy technique for the growth of metamorphic semiconductor structures that allow to realize the full efficiency potential of concentrator multijunction solar cells, paying special attention to the subsequent manufacturability and cost-effectiveness of the solar cells developed.Eventually, this growth technique will allow to fabricate a monolithic multijunction (3 – 4 junctions) solar cell exhibiting ~75% of the maximum theoretical efficiency calculated for the standard direct terrestrial spectrum (i.e. approaching 50%) at 1000 suns, using only one growth step and minimizing costly post-processing.The implementation of the optimum subcells bandgap combination, using materials with the required photovoltaic quality will be pursued. The metamorphic MOVPE growth technique will be revisited by in-depth understanding of strain and relaxation dynamics during growth of lattice-mismatched layers, using in-situ monitoring, which will be the central research topic. Development and functional multijunction cell structures, including the tunnel junctions, optimized for operation at 1000 suns, is aimed.The epitaxy routines for the growth of the step-graded buffer layers will be cost-optimized so that the process time and gases consumption are reduced while keeping the material quality unaffected. A decrease around 10% is projected to be attained, resulting in a similar reduction in fabrication cost.The accomplishment of METACELLS project objectives will contribute to widen current European excellence in high efficiency concentrator cells development and industrialization, allowing the many companies involved in this business to lead the market with the best performing product. This will enable Europe’s involvement in further research for solar cell development and will pave the way for the attainment of a photovoltaic technology suitable for mass production of electricity at competitive cost.	none given	none given	none given
73215	246310	SNAPSUN	Semiconductor Nanomaterial for Advanced Photovoltaic Solar cells Using New concept of nanocrystal and conductive host					2010-06-01	2013-05-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,170,432.00	€ 2,294,535.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP-2009-1.2-1	Renewable energy production is a key driver for innovation in the material domain. Researchers and industries look to reduce the energy cost and to increase the efficiency of PV solar cells. Nanotechnologies and nanomaterials show broad opportunities. Indeed, at the nanoscale level, energy band gaps depend on nanomaterial architectures (nanoparticles size, bulk dispersion, interfaces with embedding matrix). Silicon nanocrystals allow the design of highly efficiency architectures, like multijunction solar cells or low-cost, optimised, thin film solar cells. The usual elaboration technique is based on the deposition of either multilayer or nanocomposite material in which excess silicon is aggregated into nanoparticles through high temperature annealing. No control of nanoparticle size and bulk dispersion is possible. Moreover, only limited surrounding materials could be considered (silicon containing). This prevents any knowledge-based tuning of the material properties. The main objective of SNAPSUN project is to develop a nanomaterial with reliable and tailored characteristics. To overcome limitations described above, fully tailored silicon nanoparticles will be optimised, in terms of size (3nm) and size dispersion (>10%;0.3nm). The SNAPSUN innovation is the incorporation of these silicon nanoparticles in a wide band gap material, such as silicon carbide or Transparent Conductive Oxides (TCO). This architecture will allow band gap engineering through accurate structure control, together with exceptional electrical characteristics (resistivity, carrier lifetime, etc.) in order to produce high conversion efficiencies above 25 %. Control of material structure will arise from the development of very promising processes allowing the separation of nanoparticle generation and embedding matrix codeposition. Vacuum and wet technologies will be used to target low-cost solar cells with a target production cost below 0.5 €/Wpeak.	none given	none given	none given
73252	309201	GO-NEXTS	Graphene doping and texturing in efficient electrodes for organic solar cells					2012-11-01	2015-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,689,525.60	€ 2,087,998.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2012.10.2.1	Organic semiconductor solar cells are a promising route to scalable, economically viable, energy conversion technologies due to the potential for development of low-cost, flexible, large-area cells and modules.In order to achieve the goal of obtaining efficient bulk heterojunction solar cells (BHJ-SCs), graphene electrodes have been recently proposed as a promising candidate. Research is however at the very beginning, so that if graphene will manage to accomplish this task still has to be proved.In particular, many questions remains open like the degree of interaction of graphene with the polymeric layer, which could degrade the outstanding graphene electron conductivity, as well as the graphene/polymer electron affinity, which plays an important role in the overalls solar cell efficiency. Furthermore, up to now no analysis on light management improvements induced by structuring graphene as photonic crystal for light trapping in BHJ-SC has been reported.The GO-NEXTS project, will focus its attention on new kind of electrodes based on doped, textured (ie 3D) graphene electrodes, in order to increase the overall efficiency and performance of bulk heterojunction solar cells. To our knowledge, this represents the first proposal to enhance light trapping in a solar cell by structuring one or more graphene contact electrode(s) to act as photonic crystal(s).The project will leverage the combination of two different fabrication processes, and in particular the doping of the graphene, to obtain semi-transparent electrodes as well as the texturing of the electrodes. This approach, which has never been proposed before, represents a high-risk, high-impact approach. If successful, it should lead to improvements in solar cell efficiency by up to 14%. Furthermore, all the technologies proposed are suitable for large area realization paving the way for a scalable, economic fabrication technologies on low-cost flexible substrates.	none given	none given	none given
73275	262647	THERMALCOND	Polymeric composite materials with enhanced thermal conductivity properties for heat exchangers applications					2010-12-01	2012-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 1,404,718.07	€ 1,056,160.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-1	The main goal of the project is to develop a new family of low cost polyolefin based components (sheets, pipes and fittings) to be used in the manufacture of flat-plate solar thermal collectors. These components are expected to be a viable alternative to current collector’s metallic components. However, due the current limitations of thermoplastics materials (low thermal conductivity and low resistant coatings) two main developments will be claimed in this project: • Polyolefin nanocomposites by using different nanoparticles with high thermal conductive properties as additives. • A novel and specific surface treatment based on SAM technology to provide an energy absorber flexible coating (based on metallic oxides, e.g. TiO2 or ZnO) to the different components. These developments will allow novel low cost and low weight components design’s with enhanced thermal conductivity and high solar energy absorption to develop high efficiency thermal collector designs. The use of plastics components instead of metallic ones offers additional advantages: folding and easy assembling structures design, low energy consumption in motorized thermal collectors (follow sun light), corrosion resistance, low friction coefficient (less pump energy consumption), prevent theft or vandalism (due the low cost of components in comparison with copper). The solar thermal collector parts to be substituted by the new thermal conductive materials and flexible absorber coatings will be the extruded pipes and injected fittings of the collector heat absorption circuit and extruded sheets which will be used as absorber plate. In this context, the polymeric materials appear as a real alternative to develop new low cost procedures in which a wide variety of component’s designs could be obtained to optimize the thermal energy obtained per thermal collector surface. Due to their properties, plastics permit to produce any type of part with a free design at very competitive cost.	none given	none given	none given
73316	310333	SOLAROGENIX	Visible-Light Active Metal Oxide Nano-catalysts for Sustainable Solar Hydrogen Production					2013-02-01	2016-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,906,486.00	€ 2,755,708.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP.2012.1.1-1	The rising global interest in hydrogen as the fuel of future has prompted tremendous interest in the development of efficient hydrogen production technologies that may serve as economically viable solutions towards solar fuels.The project SOLARGENIX will investigate novel nanostructured photocatalysts starting from comprehensive theoretical and experimental investigations on visible-light active meta-oxides for photoelectrochemical splitting of water to target the environmental hydrogen production from saline water by sun illumination. For this purpose, efficient multi-functional photoactive nano-catalysts will be developed whereby underlying atomic understanding of elementary chemical reactions and electrochemical processes will guard the scope of the project. The development of efficient nano-catalysts will be mastered by novel material combinations and interfacial engineering in nano-hetrostructures.Furthermore the project will demonstrate the feasibility of this technology together with industrial partners to develop first module-sized demonstrators for testing under real operating conditions.	none given	none given	none given
73349	322425	SUMMIT	Smart large lightweight long life Multifunctional PV Module Technology for large Power Installations and Distributed Energy Generation					2013-12-01	2016-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 6,544,242.80	€ 3,999,969.25	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2012.2.1.2	SuMMiT brings value to Europe by demonstration of large lightweight PV modules with record power output, lowest installation cost, lowest PV system cost and lowest carbon footprint in a secure way, i.e. certified performance, quality and durability, protected by patents and proprietary knowhow.SuMMiT combines and demonstrates three step-change innovations: 1. COSMOS PV module design, i.e. a large lightweight hybrid subassembly structure; 2.Highly efficient, long-lasting, top quality, single glass PV laminate; 3.Smart module power management.The demonstration is twofold. The manufacturability of the novel PV module concept will be demonstrated as well as simplicity of installation and utilization, applicability, performance and durability in 5 to 6 field demonstrations.The consortium brings together the required critical mass in polymer technology and polymer processing, encapsulant technology, smart electronics, world class high performance PV module technology and production capacity as well as one of the Europe’s leading turn-key PV system installation companies with subsidiaries all over the world.	none given	none given	none given
73351	604603	MATHERO	New materials for highly efficient and reliable organic solar cells					2014-01-01	2016-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 5,158,270.80	€ 3,611,691.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP.2013.4.0-2	Over the last couple of years, the global research community has been experiencing an Organic Photovoltaics (OPV) boom, nowadays triggering a fast growing interest in industry in this young and disruptive technology, since OPV devices enable various new applications that cannot be served by classical silicon solar cells. In particular, OPV open up new opportunities for design in architecture, e.g. the integration of solar cells into facades, overhead glazings or windows.Major challenges associated with bringing organic photovoltaics to the market are: Increasing the power conversion efficiency, reducing the production costs and increasing the material and device long-time stability. A key to meet all those objectives is the utilization of environmentally friendly (“green”) synthesis of materials and green deposition techniques, since only green synthesis allows to go to large scale material and device fabrication.MatHero is designed to tweak all those key parameters in order to enable devices with a power conversion efficiency exceeding 10%, a cost reduction below 0.5 €/Wp and a life-time of more than 10 years by developing disruptive green synthesis and fabrication techniques. Hence, the MatHero proposal is in line with the efforts of the European Union to strengthen low-carbon energy supplies as described in its European Strategic Energy Technology Plan as the Materials Roadmap enabling Low Carbon Energy Technologies (SET-Plan).The MatHero consortium comprised world leading research groups and companies that are capable of reaching the challenging goals of MatHero. The companies can directly exploit the results and bring organic solar cells or components to the market.	none given	none given	none given
73358	296108	DCC+G	DC Components and Grid					2012-04-01	2015-03-01	nan	FP7	€ 18,417,695.00	€ 3,075,756.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-JTI	SP1-JTI-ENIAC-2011-3	Europeans economic success depends highly on a safe, reliable and sustainable energy supply. The European Community has specified its 20-20-20 targets on energy consumption savings and electricity generation from renewable sources to reduce Europe’s dependency from imported energy sources, to conserve European fossil fuels for future generations and to reduce Europe’s CO2 footprint. Buildings contribute by 40 % to Europe’s energy consumption today. The European Community has also defined the target of net-zero energy buildings for new constructions from 2020 onwards. Most significant contributions to the energy budget of such buildings come from of HVAC applications, lighting and photovoltaic (pv) electricity generation. Net-zero energy buildings are only possible with building integrated photovoltaic power systems. Nowadays electricity from photovoltaic solar systems is lost due to the multiple conversions that are inherent to the use of today’s AC power grids. DC power grids will increase the efficiency to distribute solar electricity in buildings by at least 7 %. Cost of solar electricity is reduced by the same percentage. Thus DC power grids will accelerate cost reduction trend of photovoltaic solar systems beyond grid parity and hereby boosting the application in buildings and the self-consumption of solar electricity.The DCC+G project aims to impact energy efficient building infrastructure technology. To achieve this the project will:Design components and system modules for optimal electricity generation, energy transport by the DC grid and energy efficient usage by electrical appliances like eg solid state lighting.Validate the electricity usage of the integrated installation in a test building. By integrating all these aspects of electricity generation, distribution and usage we aim to reduce power consumption of all-electric buildings by 6 %, reduce the cost of solar electricity by 7 % and reduce CO2 emissions of buildings.	none given	none given	none given
73381	604506	SOLPROCEL	SOLUTION PROCESSED HIGH PERFORMANCE TRANSPARENT ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS					2013-11-01	2016-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,771,798.00	€ 2,860,434.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP.2013.4.0-2	The triggering of SOLPROCEL took place when COMSA EMTE and ICFO realized the potential that an organic photovoltaic (OPV) based technology has to be incorporated in transparent modules to generate electricity. Indeed, the OPV technology is the only one capable of producing semitransparent colorless cells providing a clear and undistorted image when looking through the device. It can be perfectly integrated in buildings façades offering an enormous potential for electricity production units to penetrate in urban areas. However, COMSA EMTE is well aware that transparent OPV cells are not yet ready for a module production phase and priority must be given to material research. Several issues, spanning from the development of low cost module fabrication to having stable and durable devices, must be addressed. Much of the success rests on having the materials for such low cost module fabrication. To achieve an optimal light harvesting in a solution-processed semitransparent OPV cell, we propose to combine the device processing developed by FAU with the photonic control developed by ICFO. Encouraged by COMSA EMTE and FAU, ICFO took the lead of SOLPROCEL. The project incorporates 3 companies which will be able to industrially produce the PV and nano materials needed in solution-processed OPV cells: Specific Polymers the PV polymers, Nanograde the nanoparticles used in the buffer layers, and RAS the Ag nanowires used in the electrodes. In SOLPROCEL such companies will be guided by three research institutions which can provide complementary knowhow in three of the fundamental aspects of OPV technology: nano-fabrication (FAU), light management (ICFO), and organic synthesis (FhG-IAP). The quantifiable goal of SOLPROCEL is to obtain the materials needed for fully solution-processed high performance transparent OPV cells and to raise the efficiency of such cells from 5.6% to 9%. This later value corresponding to 80% of the 12% efficiency of the corresponding opaque cell.	none given	none given	none given
73392	212792	ROBUST DSC	Efficient and Robust Dye Sensitzed Solar Cells and Modules					2008-02-01	2011-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 5,318,899.00	€ 3,980,010.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY-2007-2.1-02	ROBUST DSC aims to develop materials and manufacturing procedures for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSC) with long lifetime and increased module efficiencies (7% target). The project intends to accelerate the exploitation of the DSC technology in the energy supply market. The approach focuses on the development of large area, robust, 7% efficient DSC modules using scalable, reproducible and commercially viable fabrication procedures. In parallel with this objective, more fundamental research, employing new materials and device configurations, will target increasing the efficiency of labscale DSC to 14%. Progress on labscale devices will be fed directly into module development. The approach is based on the use of innovative low-cost materials, scalable manufacturing techniques, predictive device models and in-and outdoor lifetime testing. A sound and scientific understanding of the basic procedures to manufacture the cells and a thorough knowledge of the fundamental processes in the cell are important tools for our success. The partnership consists of: two SMEs (Orionsolar and G24i) that are committed to large-scale production of DSC, one industry (Corning) that has proven experience on inorganic frits for sealing of a variety of applications, three research institutes (ECN, IVF, FISE) with expertise in the field of long-term testing, up-scaling and module fabrication and four academic partners, world leaders in both new materials and concepts, and in fundamental research on cell function and modelling (EPFL, IMPERIAL, ICIQ, UAM). We anticipate that this project will result in the demonstration of a new scalable, low cost, photovoltaic technology. It will therefore form the basis of a potentially substantial business opportunity aiming at developing a new solar cell product with cost and payback characteristics strongly advantaged over existing technologies.	none given	none given	none given
73396	246200	NANOSPEC	Nanomaterials for harvesting sub-band-gap photons via upconversion to increase solar cell efficiencies					2010-06-01	2013-05-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,994,486.80	€ 3,033,843.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP-2009-1.2-1	To continue the path of cost reduction in photovoltaics the efficiency of silicon solar cells must be increased. With higher efficiencies more kWh can be produced from the same amount of silicon, which is the dominating cost factor at present. Fundamental loss mechanisms limit the maximum achievable efficiency: around 20% of the incident power is lost, because photons with energies below the band-gap are transmitted. Upconversion of two low energy photons into one usable photon reduces these losses. In this project we will realize upconversion with the help of nanostructures and nanotechnoloy-based materials and show a significant improvement in solar cell efficiency. The combination of upconverting Er-based phosphors with PbSe/PbS core shell quantum dots increases the spectral range of light that is upconverted. The quantum dots will be incorporated into a fluorescent concentrator to achieve concentration within the upconverting device. Both the increased photon flux due to a wider spectral collection and the additional geometric concentration will increase upconversion efficiency because of its nonlinear characteristic. Optical nanostructures shall serve as selectively reflective structures that avoid unwanted parasitic absorption. The development of very efficient quantum dots and suitable host materials, the optimization of the upconverter and the fabrication of photonic structures are main objectives. Additionally, solar cells and system designs will be optimized, to make the best use of upconverted photons. A thorough understanding of the underlying principles is critical for the success, so gaining knowledge about nanostructures and materials is a major goal. The big advantage of this concept is that the solar cells remain fairly unchanged. The proposed concept opens a technology path for an evolutionary development of silicon solar cell technology to efficiencies towards 30%, starting from the solid base of today’s established silicon technology.	none given	none given	none given
73407	247710	Interflex	Interconnection technologies for flexible systems					2010-01-01	2013-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 5,466,966.00	€ 3,494,966.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	ICT-2009.3.3	InterFlex targets the development and standardisation of interconnects within flexible foil systems: On-foil connections of different components on a single substrate foil and interconnection of several functional foils into a foil system. The integration technologies required, when building a flexible foil system, i.e. homogeneous integration of electrical components on foils, heterogeneous Si IC-to-foil and foil-to-foil integration will be developed. This includes handling and alignment of silicon or foil based components on foil, electrical contacting, mechanical stabilisation, mechanical and electrical contacting via one-step lamination processes, as well as developing interconnection technology by vias. Reliability investigations will prevent failure mechanisms of flexible foil systems and their interconnections.The interconnection technologies will be applied in the realisation of a flexible, energy-autonomous system for environmental sensing with radio frequency communication capabilities. A combination of flexible amorphous silicon, photovoltaics and thin film foil battery provides the energy for driving sensors (temperature, dew point, humidity, CO2 concentration) and reading out their signals as well as driving the transmission of the sensor output to an external base station via a UHF radio frequency link at 868 MHz.The consortium of InterFlex consists of European industrial giants Bosch and ST Microelectronics who combine their expertise on packaging and flexible foil systems. Their expertise in complemented by Henkel Belgium in the materials field and by Infotech in the automation field, as well as leading applied research organisations CEA and Fraunhofer with background in flexible components and systems.	none given	none given	none given
73410	315452	HS-Demo	Demonstration of a novel thermo-chemical heat storage system to improve energy-efficiency in CHP power plants and in solar driven industrial applications with high relevance in SMEs					2012-11-01	2014-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,142,667.00	€ 657,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2012-3	The FP7 R4SME HeatSaver project (Grant Agreement No.: 222116) successfully developed a zeolite based thermo-chemical heat storage concept at an integrated 1000 litre scale with significant advantages compared to SoA technologies in terms of energy density and flexibility. HeatSaver was assessed by the EC Research Executive Agency(REA) as delivering high quality science and technology development: That the project made good progress, achieving most of its objectives and technical goals with only relatively minor deviations. The REA also noted that “further development of the concept would be effective in close collaboration with potential end-users to enable simplification of system components and their optimization”.HS-DEMO will bring HeatSaver RTD results closer to market, within six months of the completion of this project, the SME partners seek to achieve sales of units. This project will result in an industrially and commercially viable thermal storage system that has wide applications. The demonstration project will involve: 1) Industrialisation of the manufacturing process through a Value Engineering approach. 2) Enable economies of scale in manufacture. 3) Validation of a commercially viable process that can be marketed with a reasonable return on investment by customers; requiring the recovery of heat at a cost of less than €50 to €90/MWh. This cost will be an economic target of HS-DEMO. 4) The need to demonstrate the technology over extended periods in industrial locations. Outline agreement has already been obtained for this from power plant company, CHP plants and solar thermal plants. 5) The demonstrations to be shown to relevant potential customers from across industry and across Europe (over 25 visitors), in a format that is able to show it to be of potential to benefit to their respective businesses. 6) Feedback from demonstrations to be collated in a format that enables iterative system enhancement to improve the commercial viability of the process.	none given	none given	none given
73451	286935	SolChemStore	Efficient system to enable storage of high temperature solar heat energy					2011-10-01	2014-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,745,097.00	€ 1,291,100.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2011-1	Heating and cooling account for 49% of world energy demand, this requires significant fuel sources to satisfy demand and attention has now become focussed on renewable sources such as wind, wave and solar. Currently there are problems associated with using solar heat for industrial processes. Chief among these is that the availability of heat is not synchronised with the demand for it, with the additional complication that solar availability undergoes natural fluctuations according to weather patterns. Until now there have been no technologies capable of storing heat at a temperature level that will be useful in an industrial setting, 100-200°C. Therefore we believe it is essential that a new method of heat storage technology is developed. This proposal contains details of the approach we will take to develop an automated system capable of storing solar heat, and heat recovered from processes, for use when required. Using novel materials for the reactor and a thermochemical process involving reaction pairs to provide the heat storage, we will develop and optimise a system that will be appropriate for use in industrial applications where heat between 100 to 200°C is required. The system, comprising a Fresnel concentrator, reactor, storage vessels and process control equipment, will be constructed in as simple format as possible to ensure that it can be easily installed and maintained at the site where heat is needed. With over 310,000 companies involved in the food and drink sector in Europe, 99.1% of these being SMEs, we have selected this as our primary target market. Energy use in this sector is high due to processes requiring steam or hot water such as cooking, evaporation, sterilisation, drying, space heating and baking. However, other sectors such as abattoirs, the pharmaceutical industry, paper and pulping and the chemical industry could also see significant reductions in process costs due to a lower use of fossil fuels associated with the SolChemStore system.	none given	none given	none given
73521	324280	E2COGAN	Energy Efficient Converters using GaN Power Devices					2013-04-01	2016-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 26,271,910.00	€ 3,940,788.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-JTI	SP1-JTI-ENIAC-2012-1;SP1-JTI-ENIAC-2012-3	The E2COGaN project will target the demonstration of GaN-on-Si as a disruptive power device technology platform through the whole value chain up to demonstrators with high industrial, societal and environmental relevance. Its innovative character will be proven through a well-balanced and application specific trade-off between the “corner” benefits given by higher efficiency, higher switching frequency, smaller footprint and weight and competitive cost on system level with respect to Si or SiC. The consortium comprises the whole GaN power electronics value chain from the substrate provider, device manufacturer, assembly house to the end user, completed by top academic institutes, tool and service providers. The plan is to start with 600V, 10A GaN devices and gradually explore higher voltages (up to 1500V) and currents (up to 100A) towards the end of the project, giving priority to the early exploration of applications below 10kW. Special attention will be paid on the control of reliability issues and parasitic effects on device and module level – especially regarding high frequency and high temperature operation – and the choice of the best suitable gate drivers. Finally, the main project demonstrators will focus on two application domains with strategic relevance: first, on photovoltaic where the use of GaN will be explored in micro-grid interfacing circuits and, second, on automotive, where the benefit of GaN will be investigated in grid-connected chargers for high voltage batteries, as found in new hybrid and full electric vehicles. These demonstrators should prove the potential of the GaN power devices through a gain in efficiency, weight, footprint, heat management ease and overall system cost. Moreover, the project will include a pre-study in Aeronautics with specific high temperature (250°C) and high radiation mission profiles.	none given	none given	none given
73535	268219	MATS	Multipurpose Applications by Thermodynamic Solar					2011-07-19	2015-01-18	nan	FP7	€ 21,960,134.71	€ 12,515,552.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2010.2.9-1	The proposed MATS Project aims at promoting the exploitation of concentrated solar energy through small and middle scale facilities, suitable to fulfil local requirements of power and heat, and easily to back-up with the renewable fuels locally already available or that can be expressly produced. The implementation of the project will allow to test the CSP (Concentrating Solar Power) technology in a location very advantageous with regard to the solar radiation rate as an example for the diffusion of this technology in other Mediterranean Countrie. Besides, it will represent the start-up for a development of specialized local industries.More in detail, the MATS project is focused on the innovative CSP technology developed by ENEA as an improvement of its Solar Thermodynamic technology based on molten salts as heat transfer fluid. This technology, referred as TREBIOS, allows combined heat and power production from solar source integrated with renewable fuels, such as biomass, biogas, industrial residues etc. by means of standardized units that provide high performances and limited cost.The objective of the proposal is the full scale demonstration of TREBIOS technology through the industrial development, the realization and the experimental operation of a multipurpose facility to be installed in Egypt. The thermal energy produced by this plant will be used as energy source in a desalination unit included in the installation, as well as for district heating and cooling. The use of suitable heat storage systems enhance mismatch of power production from the instantaneous solar radiation availability. These features enable electrical energy production “on demand” and the optimized utilization of captured solar heat by additional loads like desalination units. The integration with a back up fuel like biomass makes the system flexible and enables continuous power production	none given	none given	none given
73556	308792	FRESH NRG	FREsnel for Solar Heat with New Receiver and Geometry					2013-03-01	2016-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,185,890.02	€ 2,499,445.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2012.4.1.1	FRESH NRG will target efficiency of 60% at 250°C with a Linear Fresnel Collector (LFC) optimized for industrial use. Our integrated approach will design, implement and test disruptive innovations in 4 key parts of the value chain.Highly innovative sol-gel coatings will target robustness, durability and performance (transmittance >96%, absorbtivity >95%, emissivity250°C <7%).To increase the annual yield, a LFC design with radically new geometry will target differentiation of the width of the primary mirrors and concentration factor >90 to limit heat losses. Ultra light mirror panels will target safety, durability and reflectivity >93%. Modular “plug-in” components (e.g. clip-on secondary mirrors) will simplify transport and installation.Laboratory and field tests of the new LFC and its key components will include existing methods (e.g. EN12975) and methods that are currently revised or will be developed in IEA-SHC/SolarPaces Task 49.A first-of-its-kind lean manufacturing system including receiver assembly and optimized processes to reduce cost and ensure mirror optical accuracy will be prototyped and co-located to optimize cost reduction.Integration packages for Mediterranean industrial applications will include a new control logic to optimize energy output for industrial use. A full blown polygeneration system in Jordan will provide actual use of the new LFC for power generation, heating and cooling.A clear plan for the exploitation of the technical results will include a highly multi-disciplinary approach. Detailed bottom-up prospection of high-potential applications will be analysed to drive industrial strategy towards a large economic impact. Relevant key findings will be shared also with policymakers and industry regulators.Knowledge dissemination will promote the innovative results of the project (e.g. comparison of test methods) to achieve a full scientific impact at EU level.	none given	none given	none given
73615	226267	ASPIS	Active Solar Panel Initiative					2009-01-01	2011-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,915,227.00	€ 2,884,334.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2008.10.1.1	The Active Solar Initiative targets development of a fundamentally new, multi-disciplinary photovoltaic technology that will enable meeting and exceeding the year 2015 cost targets of the EU Photovoltaic Strategic Research Agenda, driving European consumer premises power generation to cost parity with grid electricity. The basis of Active Solar is a novel Parallactic Tracking technology concept that supports flat, fixed solar panels with internal concentration and dynamic sun-tracking. Active Solar panels will be a direct replacement of the ubiquitous photovoltaic solar modules. By means of a ten-fold reduction of amount of polycrystalline silicon, costs of the Active Solar panels will be reduced by up to 3 times compared to conventional PV modules. Unlike existing silicon-reducing technologies such as thin film panels, Active Solar panels will enable cost reduction per installed Watt without sacrificing installation area efficiency. The goals of the project include prototyping and verification of the technology, as well as development and verification of cost-efficient manufacturing techniques and dissemination of knowledge among European manufacturers. The project will also lay the groundwork for the next generation of Active Solar technology that will enable a drastic additional increase in residential solar generation efficiency through use of the highly efficient multi-junction cells in flat, fixed rooftop-mounted panels.	none given	none given	none given
73625	285245	MAINBOT	Mobile robots for inspection and maintenance activities in extensive industrial plants					2011-11-01	2014-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,793,593.68	€ 2,499,851.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	FoF.NMP.2011-3	Efficient and effective maintenance is crucial for all kind of industries. In the case of capital intensive investment industries it is even more relevant and has an important impact in the operation costs during the long life cycle of their production means.Besides the traditional maintenance problems of any industrial installation, this kind of facilities presents other additional challenging characteristics:-Extensive production facilities-Huge number of control points-Multiple inspection technologies to be used-Hazardous working conditionsMAINBOT proposes using service robots to autonomously execute inspection tasks in extensive industrial plants in equipment that is arranged horizontally (using ground robots) or vertically (climbing robots).The industrial objectives are:-Ubiquitous sensing-Leakage detection-Surface and internal monitoring of equipmentOur approach is not to develop robots from scratch but to take available wheeled mobile platforms and climbing robots that have already been tested in other related scenarios as starting point, and adapt them deploying innovative solutions in order to fulfill these industrial objectives:-Autonomous navigation: Robots (ground and climbing) must be able to autonomously navigate in a rather structured environment in a safe way.-Mobile manipulation of tools and sensing equipment for maintenance and inspection.-Sensor fusion: to exploit the information provided by multiple sensing technologies deployed in the robot.These industrial objectives will be instantiated in a real industrial scenario, a thermal solar plant that depicts common problems of this kind of plants: 230 hectares, 209.664 mirrors, 90 km of absorber tubes, huge tanks (Diam. 38 m, height 14m), harzardous working conditions.The operation of semi-autonomous or fully autonomous mobile robots will increase the efficiency of the plant, reduce the operation and maintenance costs and improve safety and working conditions of workers	none given	none given	none given
73639	286605	FabriGen	Fabric structures for solar power generation					2011-11-01	2014-04-30	nan	FP7	€ 1,531,842.00	€ 1,181,700.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2011-1	The proposed project: Fabric Structures for Solar Power Generation (FabriGen), addresses the need to bring innovative products to the solar energy market to achieve the ambitious European targets for renewable energy generation. The FabriGen project aims to combine organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials with tensile fabrics to enable the construction of solar-power generating fabric structures. These structures could be connected to the grid, or used for distributed power generation, and will enable generators to participate in Feed-In-Tariff schemes that are being offered to promote the uptake of renewable energy technologies.The FabriGen project will research the use of commercial roll-to-roll printing technologies to deposit and pattern state-of-the-art OPV materials and produce large-area PV modules (20cm in research, scaling up to 100cm roll width). Means to integrate the PV fabrication processes with polyester fabric membranes will be developed. A key aspect of the research will be development and integration of barrier and encapsulation layers to provide long-life performance needed for outdoor use. The use of innovative materials to give enhanced UV response and improved resistance to UV degradation will be researched. Compliance testing to EN61646 will be carried out on fabricated PV modules to prepare for microgeneration certification and exploitation in the market.	none given	none given	none given
73659	262149	POLYSOL	Development of a modular, all-POLYmer SOLar thermal collector for domestic hot water preparation and space heating					2011-01-01	2013-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,467,744.94	€ 1,115,506.75	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-1	By 2020, the EC aim to increase our overall renewable energy capacity from 8.5% to 20% as a proportion of Europe’s total energy demand. Considering that domestic heating and hot water provision accounts for nearly 40% of total energy demand it is clearly desirable to increase market penetration of renewable heating systems. On a domestic scale solar thermal systems are increasingly common and are, to the general public, the most visible renewable energy technology. Moreover, compared to biomass they have distinct user benefits when it comes to domestic heating or hot water provision as they do not need physical feedstock. However, despite significant market growth their market penetration only accounts for 0.05% of our total energy consumption. This is mainly due to the high initial investment required which is a function of equipment and installation costs. Conventional collectors rely on high value materials such as copper and aluminium, which are essential to achieve acceptable performance. However, these materials are also relatively expensive and it is unlikely that component costs will decrease in the future. Moreover, supply of these materials is limited and not large enough to cope with expected increases in demand. Alternative materials such as polymers have been investigated and can theoretically offer significant cost savings due to potential weight reductions, mass production techniques and increased freedom of functional design. However, they are generally not suitable for domestic type solar thermal installations. This is mainly due to their low heat deflection temperature and thermal conductivity. In PolySol we aim to develop a novel polymeric collector that can substitute a metallic solar thermal collector for domestic heating and hot water applications. As a result cost savings of at least 25% can be achieved which will greatly enhance the appeal of solar thermal energy to the public and will reduce overall reliance on government incentives.	none given	none given	none given
73660	265096	LCA TO GO	Boosting Life Cycle Assessment Use in European Small and Medium-sized Enterprises: Serving Needs of Innovative Key Sectors with Smart Methods and Tools					2011-01-01	2014-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 5,088,138.82	€ 3,499,802.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENVIRONMENT	ENV.2010.3.3.2-1	“””LCA to go”” develops sectoral methods and tools for bio-based plastics, industrial machinery, electronics, renewable energy, sensors and smart textiles. These sectors have been chosen, as the manufacturers show a high interest in making clear the environmental benefits of their products to customers (“”Green industries””) and in prioritizing so they can reduce their environmental impacts. This is particularly the case for SMEs. Free webtools (“”apps””) will serve dedicated needs of these sectors, addressing the specifics of the technologies and implementing parameterised models, such as calculators for energy-break-even-point of photovoltaics, Product Carbon Footprints (PCF) based on technology parameters of printed circuit boards, and Key Environmental Performance Indicators (KEPIs) for smart textiles. Selected Product Category Rules will be developed to provide a robust LCA guidance for SMEs. Practically, the project website will provide an exchange of scientifically validated data templates, to assist SMEs to pass the right questions to their suppliers. Carbon Footprints are a perfect entry point for SMEs to LCA strategies. Thus, implementation of an SME-compatible PCF methodology is a key element of the project. The approaches will be tested in 7 sectoral case studies, involving suppliers, end-product manufacturers and engineering companies. Inter-linkages between the sectors (on a technical and data level) will be thoroughly addressed. A broad dissemination campaign includes a mentoring programme for 100 SMEs, which will act as showcases for others, boosting use of LCA approaches among European SMEs at large. RTD and dissemination activities will be complemented by policy recommendations and liaison with standardisation activities. The web-tools, being compatible with ILCD data and other external sources, will be made available as open source software, to be adapted to other sectors. The project will have a direct impact on sectors representing nearly 500,000 SMEs.”	none given	none given	none given
73681	286658	SOLNOWAT	Development of a competitive 0 GWP dry process to reduce the dramatic water consumption in the ever-expanding solar cells manufacturing industry					2011-09-01	2013-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,601,430.00	€ 1,189,283.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2011-1	“The proposed project (SOLNOWAT) aims to develop a dry route alternative for the solar cell industry that will eliminate the very high water consumption and GWP emissions of current process while meeting all production requirements. This project will clearly outline the environmental impact, cost and efficiency of the new process and equipment required, and include dissemination to cell manufacturers.BENEFITS-Dramatic reduction of water usage*-Very low-environmental-impact processing *-Advance process control, real time monitoring*-High-throughput, high-yield, integrated industrial processing (inline)*-Devices with increased efficiency*-Enabling thin wafer processing* and surface decoupling (single sided).-Smaller footprint-Low cost of ownership*-Reviewed by a panel of cell manufacturersMost of these benefits(*) are fundamental criteria outlined by the European Photovoltaic Technology Platform in its Strategic Research Agenda for Photovoltaic Solar Energy Technology, in order to meet the sector’s ambitions for technology implementation and industry competitiveness.The SMEs involved believe that by cooperating together through this R&D program, they will be able to achieve significant results. The consortium is composed of 5 SMEs and 3 RTD performers located in 5 different EU countries. The R&D work will propose and develop a novel process replacing wet chemical steps by 0 GWP dry process steps. The successful development will lead to a cleaner, highly controllable, and potentially cheaper process that will deliver more efficient solar cell products with far less environmental impact. The process will meet the current high throughput demand from the industry and show its potential to meet the PV market growth demand.”	none given	none given	none given
73707	219036	BIONICOL	Development of a bionic solar collector with aluminium roll-bond absorber					2008-09-01	2011-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,719,348.00	€ 1,059,202.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY-2007-4.1-01	The aim of the project is to develop solar collectors with absorbers which feature bionic channel structures (“FracTherm®” structures), which are multiply branched in a fractal way in order to obtain a uniform flow distribution, a low pressure drop as well as a high thermal efficiency. The absorbers will be built of aluminium using the so-called roll-bond process. Small solar absorbers have already successfully been built in a previous research work. It is now necessary to develop collectors with typical dimensions needed for the market up to a prototype stage and demonstrate their efficiency and functionality as a basis for a following series production. It is expected that high-efficiency collectors at low costs can be obtained as a result of the project. The collectors are to be investigated for a wide temperature range in order to cover various applications. To reach the mentioned aims, the FracTherm® algorithm is to be developed further and the obtained designs have to be produced, evaluated and optimized. Moreover, the possibilities and constraints of the roll-bond production process have to be investigated in order to find out the best possibilities to produce a solar absorber with maximum efficiency and minimum costs. One of the very important tasks of the project will be the coating of the absorber after its channels are produced. Finally, the absorber has to be mounted into a collector casing and thus also has to fulfil a number of requirements. The target of a prototype and small-series production is to demonstrate the possibilities of manufacturing FracTherm® solar collectors with variations of the absorber. In order to prevent corrosion, it is necessary to work on appropriate heat transfer fluids. It is intended to build demonstration systems in various sites in Europe which are operated for more than one year within the project. The final objective is to evaluate the competitiveness of the developed solar collectors with state-of-the-art products.	none given	none given	none given
73727	229205	ADGLASS	Adhesion and Cohesion at Interfaces in High Performance Glassy Systems					2009-09-01	2013-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 4,311,299.27	€ 2,999,622.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP-2008-2.5-2	The present project aims to establish a European Consortium bringing together leading experts in the fields of computational materials modelling, experimental materials research and industrial development of high-performance glass materials. The scientific and technological activities of the consortium shall be devoted to improving the efficiency, functionality and reliability of glass products for pharmaceutical and thin-layer optical and photovoltaic applications. The scope of the work will be to gain a detailed, atomic-scale knowledge of chemical and physical processes taking place at glassy interface systems. The Consortium will further develop a recently proposed atomistic modelling method which spans across multiple time and size simulation scales bridging the quantum-mechanical with the classical level of precision. The method will be applied to two scientific problems which require quantum precision and very large model system sizes. We will investigate (i) the adhesion between a glassy SiO2 phase and a protein-containing water solution, relevant to pharmaceutical applications and (ii) the cohesion between a glassy SiO2 phase and a TiO2-based coating layer, relevant to thin-layer optical or photovoltaic applications. The theoretical work will be carried out in close coordination with experimental activity. Novel materials will be designed and implemented into product prototypes within the R&D infrastructure of a leading European glass-producing company on the basis of the acquired knowledge. Our results will be disseminated through scientific papers, workshops and training activities especially designed for members of the industrial sector as well as for the scientific academic community.	none given	none given	none given
73728	222582	THERMOTEX	The development of a new more efficient and easy to install high strength solar collector withstanding high temperature (120°)and operating pressures form circulating water and externals					2008-10-01	2011-06-30	nan	FP7	€ 1,054,561.77	€ 812,943.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-1	This project will target the fast growing market for solar collector systems. The competitiveness of the EU solar collector industry is a major issue in this rapidly increasing market. Currently, European industry is lagging behind the China and US, which exports solar collector components to the EU. Also competition will become increasingly intense, as new players from other low labour cost countries are now entering the market for collector systems. The proposed project will increase the competitiveness of the 6,000 SMEs in the European solar collector sector by providing them with a technology that will significantly improve the efficiency and cost effectiveness of collector modules. This will provide the sector with the necessary momentum to increase their competitiveness against current market leaders in China and the United States. Current solar collector module technologies are based on top plate absorber polymeric system. However, these systems have poor thermal conductivity, which lead to poor performance of the systems. We propose to overcome these problems by developing a more efficient, cost effective and easy to install polymeric solar collector module, with hybrid parallel plate back absorber and projection fins to increase the efficiency of the absorber thermal conductivity. The operating temperature is 120°C with high mechanical strength to withstand pressure from the circulating water and the external environment. We will support EU policy to reduce harmful CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and help reach the EU target of 320 Gigawatt (GWth) of solar thermal output by 2020. In addition, the proposal will help towards The European Union meeting its commitment to cut greenhouse gas emissions according to the Kyoto Protocol.	none given	none given	none given
73752	230882	SOLARIS	A novel modular solar air source heat pump system					2009-03-01	2011-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 1,425,077.62	€ 1,067,285.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-1	There are 195 million households in Europe whose combined domestic heating needs account for 26% of Europe’s energy demand and 500 billion tonnes of CO2 emissions annually. Reducing this will be important if Europe is to achieve ambitious emission reduction targets, reduce its excessive reliance on imported energy and the decrease costs to households and industry. The most effective way to decentralise energy production is to increase the amount of generation at source, in this case within the home. A common barrier to the adoption of most energy saving technologies is the high initial investment cost which results in long payback periods considering current energy prices. However, with prices on the rise, existing technologies such as solar thermal heating systems and heat pumps are becoming increasingly popular. Although both are reasonably efficient, existing solar thermal heating systems generally only provide up to 60% of a typical household’s annual hot water demand. Air source heat pumps are more effective and can provide up to 100% of total household heating requirements but their performance decreases significantly in winter and they suffer from frost-build up. As these technologies are becoming commodity products, SME’s in these markets are coming under increasing pressure from cheap and often unreliable imports from Asia. It is therefore paramount that European SME’s keep a technological edge over these competitors. We therefore propose to develop a novel solar air source heat pump system which is 25% more efficient than a typical air source heat pump and 7% more efficient than a combination of a standard ASHP and a solar thermal system while only costing 60% of the combined price of these separate systems. The SOLARIS system will result in significant savings to the energy consumer, reduced CO2 emissions and a significant financial return to the SOLARIS supply chain.	none given	none given	none given
73806	280581	NANOMEND	Nanoscale Defect Detection, Cleaning and Repair for Large Area Substrates					2012-01-01	2015-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 10,357,516.73	€ 7,250,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP.2011.1.4-2	NanoMend will pioneer efforts to develop better, more integrated process inspection, cleaning, repair and control systems for nano-scale thin films on large area foils, and will do so in two exemplar vertical supply chains for functionalized polymer-coated paper products and for low cost flexible photovoltaics (PV). The aim is to demonstrate beyond state-of-the-art in-line detection, cleaning and repair of micro and nano-scale defects. The NanoMend strategy to develop novel optical inspection methods has three strands: 1.Enhance the effective lateral resolution and the vertical resolution of high speed optical inspection systems currently used to scan large area foils. 2. Develop high precision optical interferometric sensors with significantly higher spatial range and scan speed than existing laboratory interferometers. 3.Build and test prototype optical interferometers that can detect defects which have a spatial size below the diffraction limit (down to approximately 10nm) by utilizing a priori knowledge of the geometry of the defects and inverse modeling approaches. The NanoMend strategy for cleaning is to decrease defect density and enhance yield by using directional cleaning methods optimized for i) continuous operation to remove sub-micron defects from large area foils prior to barrier deposition, and ii) local removal of particles generated during fabrication of PV modules. Local repair techniques will be investigated in particular for interconnection defects detected near the end of PV module manufacture where the value of the work to be recovered is very high. NanoMend solutions proposed for inspection, cleaning and repair will be integrated into a) production of large-area photovoltaic panels for use in building-integrated systems with demonstrable long life (15-20 years) and b) production of polymer-coated papers used in fibre-based packaging solutions.	none given	none given	none given
73818	226409	NACIR	NEW APPLICATIONS FOR CPV’S: A FAST WAY TO IMPROVE RELIABILITY AND TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS					2009-01-01	2012-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 7,114,257.00	€ 4,397,583.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2008.2.1.1	The main goal of this proposal is to join together the owners of the most advanced CPV technology, with respect to the state of the art, in order to research from its leading position new applications for CPV systems. In addition to opening up new markets, it will unveil possible sources of failure in new environments outside Europe, in order to assure component reliability. The proposed project will also try to improve the current technology of the industrial partners (ISOFOTON and CONCENTRIX) by accelerating the learning curve that CPV must follow in order to reach the competitive market, and lowering the cost under the current flat panel PV significantly within 3-4 years. The use of CPV systems in remote areas, together with harsher radiation, ambient and infrastructure conditions will help to increase the rate of progress of this technology. In addition, the ISFOC’s contribution, which brings together seven power plants from seven CPV technologies up to 3 MWpeak, will allow creating the most complete database of components and systems performance to be generated as well as the effects of radiation and meteorology on systems operations. Finally, regarding the “new applications for CPV” subject, the project will use a CPV system sized 25 kWp in a stand-alone station in Egypt (NWRC) for the first time for water pumping and irrigation purposes. In a similar way ISOFOTON will connect up to 25 kWp CPV to the Moroccan ONE utility grid. From the research content point of view of this project, which is directly addressed by the scope of the call, the cooperative research between UPM, FhG-ISE and the two companies will be favoured by the fact that all are progressing in similar directions: developing two-stage optics CPV systems. In addition to these technology improvements the UPM is very interested in developing a new concept of module, recently patented, which will fulfil all required characteristics of a good CPV with less components and reducing cost.	none given	none given	none given
73862	283798	NGCPV	“A new generation of concentrator photovoltaic cells, modules and systems”					2011-06-01	2014-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 6,528,053.47	€ 4,999,998.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2011.2.1-1	“The Project, through a collaborative research between seven European and nine Japanese leading research centers in the field of concentration photovoltaics (CPV), pursues the improvement of present concentrator cell, module and system efficiency. Particular effort will be devoted to the development of multijunction solar cells (by researching on metamorphic, lattice match, inverted and bifacial growth, use of silicon substrates and incorporation of quantum nanostructures) with the objective of approaching the 50 % efficiency goal at cell level and 35% at module level (by incorporating advanced optics as for example Fresnel-Kohler concentrators). As a means to speed up the progress, the Project will also expand the use of characterization techniques suitable for CPV materials, cells, trackers, modules and systems by developing new ones, incorporating advanced semiconductor techniques to the field of photovoltaics (such as three dimensional real-time reciprocal space mapping, 3D-RTSM, piezoelectric photo-thermal and optical time resolved techniques) and by deploying a round robin scheme that allows the qualification and standardization of the results derived from the measurements. To support all these studies from a global perspective and, in particular, to ensure an accurate forecast of the energy produced at system level, the Project plans to build a 50 kW concentrator plant. To achieve its goals, the Project is structured into five RTD workpackages: new materials and device characterization, development of novel device technologies and quantum nanostructures for CPV, development of advanced CPV cells, development of characterization tools for CPV cells, modules and systems and development of CPV modules and systems. To strength the collaboration between EU and Japan, the Proposal also foresees more than 20 interchange visits. NGCPV is an EU coordinated project in the framework of call FP7-ENERGY-2011-JAPAN, forseeing a simultaneous start with the Japanese coordinated project. Accordingly, the Japanese project should start at the latest within 3 months of the signature of the EU grant agreement.”	none given	none given	none given
73871	608985	NextFactory	All-in-one manufacturing platform for system in package and micromechatronic systems					2013-09-01	2017-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 4,758,207.20	€ 3,483,177.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	FoF.NMP.2013-11	The mission of the NextFactory project is to develop and validate a new type of all-in-one manufacturing technology combining, for the first time, in a single piece of equipment, 3D freeform printing and ultra-precision 3D assembly. This highly flexible and scalable facility will empower microsystem manufacturers – and in particular SMEs – to effectively produce highly miniaturised Smart Products-in-Package (SPiPs) both in small series and high-throughput production of large parallel batches.The project is driven and led by SME-owned use cases in medical, environmental and food processing, which represent an optimal combination of challenging requirements and high visibility for the new approach, providing a strategic direction to the project and validating the operability for a large variety of products: (i) oral sensors, requiring a one-piece-at a time customisation, (ii) microsensor chips for oxygen monitoring in closed compartments, and (iii) complex solar modules with circuits and capacitors. They will also be used for a proof-of-concept demonstration.The impact expected from this development will be, depending on the use case, a 10 to 100fold reduction of the SPiP production lead time at low cost and with almost zero waste, inducing a paradigm shift in SPiP design & development and thereby freeing an unprecedented innovation potential in manufacturing intensive industries.The NextFactory consortium will bring together a multidisciplinary group of leading edge SMEs and academic partners respectively contributing expertise in the new manufacturing technologies and the different application fields. NextFactory will last 4 years and work through develop-trial-improve iterations, aiming at satisfying increasingly challenging measurable objectives and delivering valuable intermediate results for the involved SMEs.	none given	none given	none given
73876	222116	HEAT SAVER	Development of a heat storage system to improve energy efficiency in CHP power plants and in solar driven industrial applications with high relevance to SME					2008-09-01	2011-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 1,319,299.00	€ 971,843.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-1	The HEAT SAVER proposal will create a novel and portable form of thermo-chemical storage that will be compatible with both existing combined heat and power systems and also with solar energy sources. It will comprise, within a containerised body, a zeolite-based thermo-chemical store, high and low temperature heat exchangers, a water store and its associated control systems. By operating alongside a CHP or solar heating system the HEAT SAVER system will allow otherwise wasted heat from these systems to be stored and used at another time. In the case of CHP that heat could be used in a colder season, whereas in the case of solar it could be used at night, when solar power systems cannot operate. By putting the system into a portable container, the stored heat can also be transported by truck or rail to another location where the energy is required. The addition of such a portable heat storage system will make these two environmentally friendly energy sources even more efficient and thus more economical and cheaper to run, making them more attractive to consumers. Approximately 50% of Europe’s energy demand is for heating purposes and anything that can reduce the amount of fossil fuel burned – particularly gas – can only be for the good. In an age of spiralling demand for fossil fuels, with its associated environmental and geo-political ramifications, the HEAT SAVER system will help to reduce Europe’s demand for fossil fuels and lead to a stronger and cleaner European Union. We the SMEPs involved – B&O, Giordano, ZeoSys, SIAUT and MOD – believe we have within our consortium the skills required to devise this system, but lack the expertise and resource in research and development to take this project from the drawing board to market – it is therefore an ideal candidate for the “Research for the Benefit of SMEs programme”.	none given	none given	none given
73883	282638	SCOOP	Solar Collectors made of Polymers					2011-12-01	2015-05-31	nan	FP7	€ 4,339,128.80	€ 3,112,871.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2011.4.1-1	The international solar thermal market has progressed strongly over the last years. Especially in China, the USA and Europe, the manufacturing and commissioning of installations has grown rapidly. The major share of worldwide installed solar-thermal collectors consists of vacuum tube and glazed flat plate collectors. Both types are currently produced by time-consuming and cost-intensive manufacturing processes requiring different material classes. Novel polymeric materials and their implementation in solar-thermal systems are recognized as key technologies for the attainment of mid- and long-term development targets of the solar-thermal industry. Additional markets are identified for solar collectors which can be integrated in the building envelope properly. The presented proposal addresses the necessary R&D work to select and develop suitable polymer grades and collector designs to enter these markets with cost efficient and durable solutions to increase the share of renewable energies for domestic hot water and heating applications significantly on a world-wide scale. The main objectives are:•Innovative thermo-siphon solar-thermal systems designed for polymer components and systems for polymeric flat-plate collector, which are designed for high efficiency and durability and appropriate for the integration into the building envelope.•New polymer material grades with promising cost performance ratio and proven long-term durability for absorbers, which can be processed either by injection moulding or extrusion.•Prototypes, which are tested and qualified with respect to durability, performance and potential for building integration.The special requirements and conditions of solar thermal systems for polymer based collectors will be taken into account on all levels of the project. Interaction with the ongoing Task 39 of the IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme facilitates synergies and a broader dissemination and exploitation of the results.	none given	none given	none given
73894	248816	LOTUS	Low-cost highly conductive high resolution structures for flexible \nlarge area electronics by high throughput \nlow temperature processing					2010-01-01	2013-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 5,421,490.00	€ 3,700,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	ICT-2009.3.3	The LOTUS proposal addresses the urgent need for a technology to produce the highly conductive patterns required for high throughput large volume manufacturing of flexible large area electronics. While all printed electronics need “electric wiring” LOTUS specifically targets the applications the most advanced towards commercialization: flexible thin-film photovoltaics, RFIDs, and OLEDs for lighting. The general objective is to provide a simple, low cost, energy efficient, environmentally friendly and R2R compatible platform to produce highly conductive structures with high resolution. The interplay between materials researchers, technology developers and end users allows to generate solutions quickly and effectively with minimum investment and time and to achieve maximum output with minimum risk. This will also accelerate the transfer to mass production. The strategy is based on an integrated approach to address both the common needs and the specific requirements of the most representative applications. The platform developed will reinforce the leading position of the European Industry in flexible OLEDs, PVs, and RFIDs. Moreover, it will be beneficial to any flexible electronics including thin-film transistors, power converters, flexible batteries, printed sensors for biomedical use (point-of-care) and food protection/freshness applications. These devices presently at various stages of development also need an “electric wiring”. Thus LOTUS will contribute to wealth creation and making new technology available to address societal needs. The technologies and materials generated will enable the European Community to be competitive with Asian and North American products (there are presently no conductive inks and sintering tools manufacturers in Europe). LOTUS project will create synergies and cooperation between research groups, equipment manufacturers and end users bringing them to the position of global frontrunners in their respective technology areas.	none given	none given	none given
73998	226752	ZEROWIN	Towards Zero Waste in Industrial Networks					2009-05-01	2014-04-30	nan	FP7	€ 9,439,697.80	€ 6,159,927.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENVIRONMENT	ENV.2008.3.1.3.1.	The first work package will define a common vision on zero-waste entrepreneurship within the first 6 months. The mythos Individual Producer Responsibility will be investigated if it can become the all-healing-solution in electronics industry as well as how this concept can be applied to other industrial sectors. WP2 concentrates on new technological developments, WP3 on waste prevention methodologies and strategies and WP4 will adapt existing software tools supporting waste prevention. All this knowledge will be then formalised into an innovative production model for resource-use optimisation and waste prevention in WP5. This preparatory work will enable the 9 industrial case studies in Work package 6 that forms the core of the ZeroWIN project with more than half of the total budget. These case studies will be used to prove that the ZeroWIN approach can meet at least 2 of the stringent targets of the call. WP7 closely monitors and validates the improvements by quantitative assessment. WP 8 investigates the implications to policy and formulates recommendations. Finally WP9 will disseminate the results of ZeroWIN as broad as possible and WP10 ensures the efficient operation of the ZeroWIN project. By concentrating on industrial networks in the automotive, construction, electronics and photovoltaic industries ZeroWIN will address • nearly 3 million companies (of which 80% are SMEs) • with more than 2,8 trillion € turnover and a value creation of more than 800 billion € • with more than 20 million employees • creating about 40% or more than 400 million tons of industrial waste • using as much as 50% of all materials extracted from the earth´s crust • generating about 40% of all energy use and about 35% of all greenhouse gas emissions. The ZeroWIN consortium has 29 partners from 10 countries (AT, DE, ES, FR, HU, IE, PL, PT, RO, UK), dominated by industry – 3 large companies (one of which is the electronics cluster in the Basque region) and 13 SMEs.	none given	none given	none given
74451	256808	DIRECTFUEL	Direct biological conversion of solar energy to volatile hydrocarbon fuels by engineered cyanobacteria					2010-10-01	2014-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 4,977,781.00	€ 3,729,519.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2010.3.5-1	“The objective of the DirectFuel project is to develop photosynthetic microorganisms that catalyze direct conversion of solar energy and carbon dioxide to engine-ready fuels. A key process target of the proposal is ‘direct’ in the sense that fuel production should not require destructive extraction and further chemical conversion to generate directly useable transport fuels. To further increase our chances of delivering a functioning process we target only non-toxic end-products that have been demonstrated to function in existing or minimally modified combustion engines. From the above criteria, we have chosen to develop an exclusively biological production process for the volatile end-products ethylene and short-chain n-alkanes ethane and propane in photosynthetic cyanobacteria.As no natural biochemical pathways are known to exist for short-chain alkane biosynthesis, we first identify potential gene candidates through informatics analysis and then tailor the substrate specificities of the encoded enzymes by enzyme engineering. In order to directly capture solar energy to drive fuel biosynthesis, the synthetic pathways are at first assembled in the photosynthetic model organism Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. It is highly unlikely that mere ‘introduction’ of novel biochemical pathways will result in high-yield synthesis of desired end-products. The final key step is therefore to optimize native host metabolism to deliver reducing energy and metabolic precursors to the synthetic pathways with maximum metabolic flux.Successful construction of the intended strains would allow low-cost production of transport fuel in a potentially neutral ‘greenhouse gas’ emitting process that does not compete for agricultural land. The proposed project is highly relevant to the call as we construct “”new metabolic pathways”” that catalyze “”direct”” production of “”gaseous fuels for transport”” “”directly from solar radiation””.”	none given	none given	none given
74566	316488	KESTCELLS	Training for sustainable low cost PV technologies: development of kesterite based efficient solar cells					2012-09-01	2016-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,705,320.08	€ 3,705,320.08	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN	The overall objective of this project is the creation of an ITN network for the structured interdisciplinary training of researchers in advanced thin film photovoltaic (PV) technologies.The project proposes the development of new technologies compatible with the cost, efficiency, sustainability and mass production requirements that are needed to become areliable and future alternative to conventional non renewable energy sources. With this objective in mind, the project will focus on the development of kesterite based solar cells.Kesterites are quaternary compounds with a crystalline structure very similar to that of chalcopyrites (CIGS: Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2). They have a strong potential for thin film low costPV technologies, related to their direct bandgap and high optical absorption. In contrast with CIGS -where the potential for high mass production is compromised bythe scarcity of In- they are constituted by abundant elements.For this, a consortium formed by research institutes, universities and companies with strongly complementary expertises has been formed. This includes groups that are leaderson the development of kesterite cells (Univ. Northumbria, HZB, Univ. Luxembourg) with groups with strong expertise on CIGS technologies (that are the parent technologies forkesterite solar cells) (EMPA, UU-ASC, NEXCIS, IREC, Free Univ. Berlin, Univ. d’Aix-Marseille, Autonomous Univ. Madrid). Free Univ. Berlin has also significant experience in thecrystalline analysis of kesterites. Involvement of private companies (NEXCIS, Abengoa) devoted to the production and exploitation of PV technologies provides with complementary training aspects related to transferability of processes to industrial production and exploitation issues. All these aspects are relevant for the definition of astructured interdisciplinary training programme for the formation of high level researchers that will be required in Europe for the development of competitive PV technologies.	none given	none given	none given
74584	284486	SCALENANO	Development and scale-up of nanostructured based materials and processes for low cost high efficiency chalcogenide based photovoltaics					2012-02-01	2015-07-31	nan	FP7	€ 10,023,295.13	€ 7,541,468.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	ENERGY.2011.2.1-2;NMP.2011.1.2-1	This project will exploit the potential of chalcogenide based thin film photovoltaic technologies for the development and scale-up of new processes based on nanostructured materials for the production of high efficiency and low cost photovoltaic devices and modules compatible with mass production requirements. Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGS) chalcogenide based devices have the highest efficiency of all thin film PV technologies, having recently achieved a record value of 20.3% at cell level. These technologies have already entered the stage of mass production, with commercial modules that provide stable efficiencies in the 11-12% range, and a predicted world-side production capacity over 2 GW/a for 2011.However, current production methods in CIGS industrial technologies typically rely on costly, difficult to control (over large surfaces) vacuum-based deposition processes that are known for low material utilisation of 30-50%. This compromises the potential reduction of material costs inherent to thin film technologies.At the forefront of this, the SCALENANO project proposes the development of alternative environmental friendly and vacuum free processes based on the electrodepositon of nanostructured precursors with the objective to achieve a much more efficient exploitation of the cost saving and efficiency potential of CIGS based PV. The project also includes the exploration and development of alternative new processes with very high potential throughput and process rate based in the use of printing techniques with novel nanoparticle ink formulations and new cost effective deposition techniques, that will allow proposing an industrial roadmap for the future generation of chalcogenide based cells and modules	none given	none given	none given
74700	253602	SOLAR BIO-HYDROGEN	Design of Hybrid Nanostructured Bio-photocatalyst for Their Application in Bio-photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production					2010-09-01	2012-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 181,103.20	€ 181,103.20	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF	The need to establish renewable energy supplies, both as a strategic economic requirement and as a wedge against climate change is leading organizations to invest in research on capturing solar energy. There is particular interest in artificial photosynthesis, using photons to produce electricity or fuels using a man-made device rather than a plant. In natural in-vitro system for hydrogen production, complex molecule i.e. chlorophyll harvest solar energy and subsequent electronic excitation leads to ejection of electrons from the chlorophyll dimer and then passed on to various electron-transferring mediators. This electron donor system may be replaced with the visible light sensitized inorganic photocatalyst. At present, the photocatalysts that have been synthesized and tested fall far short of the efficiency and catalytic rates of enzymes that catalyze either H2 production (hydrogenases) or O2 production (the Mn cofactor of Photosystem II). Therefore the enzymes themselves represent important benchmarks for gauging the possibilities for building water-splitting photocatalysts from inorganic and organic photophysical materials. In such devices enzyme molecules are linked to the semiconductor surface in such a way that they are stable and electrocatalytically active. Therefore, the proposed project is focused on the fabrication of chalcogenide semiconducting nanostructures (mainly nanotubes / nanowire / gyroid having few nm thick wall) and grafting of redox proteins onto these nanostructures for their subsequent exploitation in photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. The exploration of the photoelectrochemistry involved and properties of enzymes which govern the hydrogen generation will also be undertaken. In addition, various other parameters such as the electrolyte pH, nature of sacrificial reagents, combination of chalcogenide photocatalyst- redox proteins (eg. Hydrogenase etc.) will be optimized to maximize solar hydrogen production efficiency.	none given	none given	none given
74721	279881	HYPER	Hybrid Photovoltaic Energy Relays					2011-11-01	2016-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,870,337.00	€ 1,870,337.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-PE3	Photovoltaic (PV) solar cells promise to be a major contributor to our future energy supply, and the current silicon and thin film photovoltaic industry is growing at a fast rate (25 to 80% pa). Despite this however, only 10 to 20 GW of the total 15TW global energy demand is met by PV generated power. The ramping up in production and affordable global uptake of solar energy requires a significant reduction in materials and manufacture costs and furthermore, a solar industry on the TW scale must be based on abundant and preferably non-toxic materials. The challenge facing the photovoltaic industry is cost effectiveness through much lower embodied energy. Plastic electronics and solution-processable inorganic semiconductors can revolutionise this industry due to their ease of processing (low embodied energy), but a significant increase in performance is required. To enable this jump in performance in a timely manner, incremental improvements and optimisations (evolutionary approaches) are unlikely to provide sufficiently rapid advances and a paradigm shift, such as that described in this project, is thus required. HYPER is lead by Henry Snaith, a prominent young scientist developing hybrid and organic based solar cells. The project will create a new series of hybrid solar cells, based on photoactive semiconductor nanocrystals and light absorbing polymer semiconductors. At the core of the research is the synthesis of new semiconductor and metallic nanostructures, combined with device development and advanced spectroscopic characterisation. The central operational principle to be developed is long range energy transfer of photoexcitons from the bulk of the semiconductors to the charge generating material interfaces, maximising charge generation in these thin film composites Combined with this, advanced photonic structuring of the photoactive layers, and the introduction of nano-plasmonic light harvesting components will represent a new paradigm for hybrid solar cells.	none given	none given	none given
74733	623652	VIBCOH	Vibrational coherence as a quantum probe for ultrafast molecular dynamics					2014-05-01	2016-04-30	nan	FP7	€ 221,606.40	€ 221,606.40	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF	The Born-Oppenheimer approximation is one of the corner stones of classic photochemistry and photophysics. As important as its implications are for understanding the principles of light matter interactions, as critical is its break down in rationalizing how energy absorbed in the form of light is dissipated. In fact, the most efficient electronic relaxation processes such as internal conversion and intersystem crossing, fundamentally depend on nuclear degrees of freedom directly coupling the interacting electronic states, often through conical intersections. Although such processes are well studied theoretically, they have been difficult to address experimentally. Here, I propose to use ultra high time-resolution and sensitivity transient absorption spectroscopy to directly visualize the evolution of vibrational coherence in all available nuclear degrees of freedom during ultrafast internal conversion and intersystem crossing. Based on recent experimental results, I propose to investigate, for the first time, which nuclear degrees of freedom are involved in such decay processes and which act as spectator coordinates. I will study both well-established systems, such as carotenoids, but also novel and poorly understood ones, such as next generation solar energy devices based on singlet fission in thin films. In this way, I will be able to identify the crucial structure-function relationship underlying efficient photochemistry and photophysics.	none given	none given	none given
74798	324614	NEM	New Energy Material					2013-01-01	2014-06-30	nan	FP7	€ 160,175.40	€ 150,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-OA-2012-PoC	There are a range of emerging solar technologies which are pushing to achieve power conversion efficiencies of similar values to thin film solar cells, but with a materials base and manufacturability of a much lower cost. Within the ERC starting grant HYPER, we have developed a new solid-state absorber material and device structure, which represents a distinctly new emerging solar technology based on solution processed inorganic and organic semiconductors. This new material system has delivered power conversion efficiencies, as measured under simulated AM1.5 sun light at 100 mWcm2 irradiance, of over 10% which puts it at the very top of the emerging PV technologies. Beyond performance however, in order to “prove” commercial viability, long term stability needs to be demonstrated. Within this proof of concept project, long term stability will be externally verified, and a strong IP position and strategy will be developed through professional IP strategists.	none given	none given	none given
74831	237059	EMC IN APT	Towards the analysis of energy conversion materials at the atomic scale					2009-05-01	2010-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 184,752.82	€ 184,752.82	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008	The properties of interest of functional materials are strongly correlated to their intimate structure down to the nanometre scale. Designing novel, more efficient materials requires a control over their structure and chemistry at the very same scale. One of the challenges of the 21st century is to tailor energy conversion materials enabling a more efficient harvesting of the energy of the Sun. Thermoelectric power generation is a well-known effect through which thermal energy (heat) is directly converted into electricity without any intermediate working fluid or any moving parts. These materials are generally highly doped, nanostructured materials. Although very promising, the structure – activity relationship in this class of materials is still really unclear, due to a lack of nano-scale characterisation. I aim here to get trained on several analytical techniques, including dual beam Scanning Electron Microscope/Focused-Ion-Beam, Atom Probe Tomography (APT), and various declinations of Transmission Electron Microscopy. I will also acquire a better understanding on the functioning of the laser-assisted APT, which will enable me to start a collaborative work to correct the intrinsic aberrations of the technique. Drawing on the experience of the host group in conducting a complete materials science study, I will improve my skills in this field, and acquire methods, protocols and knowledge enabling me to solve materials science problems. This training will permit to perform at the same time an in-depth study of the multi-scale characterisation of the structure and chemistry of these materials, aiming to improve the design and efficiency of thermoelectric devices.	none given	none given	none given
74879	239578	ALIGN	Ab-initio computational modelling of photovoltaic interfaces					2010-03-01	2016-02-29	nan	FP7	€ 1,000,000.00	€ 1,000,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-PE5	The aim of the ALIGN project is to understand, predict, and optimize the photovoltaic energy conversion in third-generation solar cells, starting from an atomic-scale quantum-mechanical modelling of the photovoltaic interface. The quest for photovoltaic materials suitable for low-cost synthesis, large-area production, and functional architecture has driven substantial research efforts towards third-generation photovoltaic devices such as plastic solar cells, organic-inorganic cells, and photo-electrochemical cells. The physical and chemical processes involved in the harvesting of sunlight, the transport of electrical charge, and the build-up of the photo-voltage in these devices are fundamentally different from those encountered in traditional semiconductor heterojunction solar cells. A detailed atomic-scale quantum-mechanical description of such processes will lay down the basis for a rational approach to the modelling, optimization, and design of new photovoltaic materials. The short name of the proposal hints at one of the key materials parameters in the area of photovoltaic interfaces: the alignment of the quantum energy levels between the light-absorbing material and the electron acceptor. The level alignment drives the separation of the electron-hole pairs formed upon absorption of sunlight, and determines the open circuit voltage of the solar cell. The energy level alignment not only represents a key parameter for the design of photovoltaic devices, but also constitutes one of the grand challenges of modern computational materials science. Within this project we will develop and apply new ground-breaking computational methods to understand, predict, and optimize the energy level alignment and other design parameters of third-generation photovoltaic devices.	none given	none given	none given
74963	611887	MSP	Multi-Sensor-Platform for Smart Building Management					2013-09-01	2017-04-30	nan	FP7	€ 18,125,921.00	€ 12,505,467.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	ICT-2013.3.3	The concept of the MSP project is based on a multi-project wafer approach that enables the development of highly innovative components and sensors based on Key Enabling Technologies (KETs). The central objective of the MSP-project is the development of a technology and manufacturing platform for the 3D-integration of sophisticated components and sensors with CMOS technology being the sound foundation for cost efficient mass fabrication.The MSP project is focused on the development of essential components and sensors that are required for the realization of miniaturized smart systems capable for indoor and outdoor environmental monitoring:+ Gas sensors for detection of potentially harmful or toxic gases+ Sensors for particulate matter and ultrafine particles+ Development of metamaterial based IR sensors for presence and fire detection+ Development of optimized IR detectors based on SOI thermopiles+ Development of highly efficient photovoltaics and piezoelectrics for energy harvesting+ Development of light sensor and UV-A/B sensors.The rigorous employment of Through-Silicon-Via technology enables a highly flexible “plug-and play” 3D-integration of these components and sensors to miniaturized smart systems with significantly advanced functionalities. The goal of the MSP project is the development of a smart multi-sensor platform for distributed sensor networks in Smart Building Management, which are able to communicate with smart phones.The MSP project covers the heterogeneous integration of KETs and contributes to reinforce European industrial leadership through miniaturization, performance increase and manufacturability of innovative smart systems. The MSP project is focused on emerging innovative technologies and processes for customer needs with a special emphasis on SMEs to enable their take up of KETs for competitive, highly performing product development.	none given	none given	none given
75004	327015	MESO-SUPERCELLS	Novel MESO-SUPERstructured solar CELLS with enhanced performance and stability					2014-01-22	2016-01-21	nan	FP7	€ 299,558.40	€ 299,558.40	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF	The present proposal focuses on the advanced research training of Dr. T. Stergiopoulos on a novel type of 3rd generation solar cells, promising low cost, ease of fabrication and sustainability, called “Meso-superstructured solar cells” (MSSCs).MSSCs were very recently invented by Dr. Snaith in Oxford, and their operation stands between inorganic−organic heterojunction and standard solid-state sensitized-solar cells; the novel and revolutionary concept is that alumina replace titania, acting as a meso-scale scaffold upon which the device is structured and a perovskite is responsible for both visible light absorption and efficient electron conduction. The efficiencies of MSSCs lie at the moment at 10.9 %, limited by the low mobility of the organic hole transport material (spirobifluorene) used to regenerate the perovskite.The proposed research activities aim to make a big step beyond state-of-the-art, realising viable lab-scale devices with efficiencies higher than those of DSCs (>12.4 %) by incorporating fast liquid redox electrolytes in lieu of the low hole mobility spirobifluorene. The expected research results could (i) lead closer towards the commercialization of this new technology, (iii) contribute to the Europe’s continuing research for “clean and efficient energy”, creating reliable “low carbon” solar electricity, and (iv) promote the Excellence of the European Research Area, by building the strongest Photovoltaic research community in the field of 3rd generation solar cells.The fellow will get an interdisciplinary training on the fabrication and fundamentals of this new class of solar cells, also gaining research expertise in state-of-the-art techniques, such as the Photoinduced Absorption Spectroscopy, and acquire complementary/diversifying skills (technology transfer, IP Protection), which will establish his academic future. His outreach activities shall create awareness in the general public of the importance of the Solar Cell research to society.	none given	none given	none given
75088	630864	OSC-Go	Organic Solar Cells – Go!					2014-03-01	2018-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 100,000.00	€ 100,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG	Organic solar cells (OSC), a part of the larger emerging field of organic electronics, have the potential to become a very cheap, large area and flexible photovoltaic technology that can in principle scale up fast to terawatt in installed capacity. However, to tap their potential, many questions on the scientific fundamentals need to better understood. The underlying theme of this project is advance the understanding of OSC and making OSC become a reality. To achieve this goal, the project will generate knowhow in three strands of research and bring together in stable OSC with high efficiencies: molecular p- and n-doping of organic semiconductors, structure-property relationships, and degradation mechanisms of OSC. To address these fundamental questions and carry out reliable experiments, this research will use highly purified small molecules, molecular doping technology, and the excellent control of vacuum processes for the deposition of thin organic films. These are the same technologies that made commercial organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) a reality, and recent results for OSC point in a similar direction, showing that this unique approach not only allows for solid fundamental studies, but also world record OSC. This research will address key question of how molecular p- and n-doping works and how to improve it, how the chemical structure of molecules influences the optoelectronic properties of OSC made with them and how to derive better working molecules, how the degradation of OSC takes place and how it can be slowed down, and how to bring these results together to stable OSC with high efficiencies, and at the same time generating knowhow that is of benefit for the future of organic electronics in general.	none given	none given	none given
75150	618777	PHOTOSURF	Investigating the 2D Self-Assembly of Photo-sensitive Molecules on Semiconductor and Insulating Surfaces					2013-09-01	2017-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 100,000.00	€ 100,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG	The PHOTOSURF project will investigate self-assembled networks of photo-sensitive molecules formed at semiconductor and dielectric surfaces. The interaction between light and photo-sensitive dye molecules adsorbed on semiconductors plays a pivotal role in several renewable energy technologies: dye sensitised solar cells (DSSC) and the photo-catalytic production of solar fuels. In both of these applications the configuration of dyes with respect to each other and the underlying surface is a key factor in determining how efficiently solar energy is converted to either electricity or to green fuel sources. Knowledge of how the nanoscale organisation of molecules influences the operation of solar energy devices, coupled with an increased ability to control that organisation, will help to maximise the efficiency of such devices. Self-assembly is a process by which individual molecules can organise themselves into ordered and complex structures through simple intermolecular interactions. In recent years the formation of ordered molecular networks on surfaces using 2D self-assembly has been an area of intense research. PHOTOSURF will use concepts from the field of 2D molecular self-assembly to control the structural arrangement of photo-sensitive dye and catalyst molecules on semiconductor and dielectric surfaces. These molecular structures will then be investigated using a range of techniques including scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and scanning microwave microscopy (SMM). Such experiments will allow the project to study charge transfer, photo-catalysis and light harvesting effects at the level of individual dye molecules. From these studies we will gain a deeper fundamental understanding of how molecular orientation, bonding and arrangement influences these physical and optical processes. This knowledge will be vital to the future development of cost effective solar energy technologies.	none given	none given	none given
75245	330444	LASER-PLASMON	LASER manipulation of PLASMONic nanostructures					2013-05-01	2015-04-30	nan	FP7	€ 221,606.40	€ 221,606.40	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF	“The ability of metal nanostructures to manipulate light at the nanoscale has resulted in an emerging research area called plasmonics. Plasmonics has developed into a rapidly maturing and broad research field, and it is progressively becoming an enabling technology for a number of forefront research areas like photovoltaics, chemical and biological sensing, medical therapy, information technology etc. However the fabrication of plasmonic devices is technically challenged because: there has not been developed yet a technique for precise control over the plasmon features, there is an engineering difficulty of delivering sharp nano-sized interfaces between metal and dielectrics, there is up to now no compatibility with large scale plasmonic applications and finally an experimental systematic study misses currently from the literature, which in turn provides a lack of feedback to technology for successful plasmonic large-scale applications. This proposal aims to address the hurdles mentioned above, through a wise implementation of a process technique that can be easily adopted by industry. This technique is Laser Annealing (LA), which can be a promising innovation in the field of plasmonics. The objectives of the present proposal are: 1. To develop and optimize seed materials for plasmonic nanostructures, 2. To identify the most appropriate LA system design and LA processing parameters, 3. To investigate the underlying mechanisms that govern the alteration of the NPs and their surrounding environment’s structure and opto-electronic properties, 4. To deliver the currently missing link between materials, deposition techniques and LA process parameters, by means of an experimental library that would facilitate the future development of plasmonic applications.”	none given	none given	none given
75255	287818	X10D	Efficient, low-cost, stable tandem organic devices					2011-10-01	2014-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 11,872,412.00	€ 8,550,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	ICT-2011.3.6	X10D aims to enable organic photovoltaics (OPV) to enter the competitive thin-film PV market. It will achieve this by pooling the knowledge and expertise of the leading research institutes and start-up companies in Europe, and is the first project of its kind to leverage this knowledge irrespective of the processing technology. It will use the strengths available in device efficiency and architectures in both solution processed as well as small molecule based OPV. The objective for X10D is to develop efficient, low-cost, stable tandem organic solar cells by applying new designs, materials and manufacturing technologies to create market-competitive OPV modules. Therefore, X10D proposes to bring together partners that compose a complete and unique OPV research and development consortium, from academic partners, research centers, SMEs, and large companies. Together, the X10D partners cover each segment of the complete value chain: materials development and up scaling, device development and up scaling, large area deposition equipment and processes, novel transparent conductors, laser scribing equipment and processes, encapsulation technologies, energy, life-cycle, and cost analysis and finally end-users. The main objectives for X10D can be quantified more explicitly as:- To increase the power conversion efficiency to achieve at least a 12% on cell level (1cm²), and 9% on module level (100 cm²)- To guarantee a minimum of 20 years life for OPV modules on glass, and 10 years on foil- To decrease the cost under 0.70 €/Watt-peak	none given	none given	none given
75262	218966	ULTIMATE	Ultra Thin Solar Cells for Module Assembly -Tough and Efficient (ULTIMATE)					2008-10-01	2011-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 6,350,314.99	€ 3,983,970.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY-2007-2.1-09	The overall objective of the current project is to make a significant contribution to the dissemination of PV in order to improve the sustainability of the European energy supply, to reduce environmental hazards such as global warming and to strengthen the economical situation of the European PV industry. The main project objective is the demonstration of PV modules using solar cells which are substantially thinner than today’s common practice. We will reduce the current solar cell thickness from typically 200-250 µm down to 100 µm. Assuming a projected kerf loss of 120 µm for 2010, this will enable more than 50% additional wafers to be cut from each silicon ingot. Additionally, by using advanced solar cell device structures and module interconnection technology, we target to increase the average efficiency for these thin cells up to 19% for mono-crystalline and 17.2% for multi-crystalline silicon and to reach a module-to-cell efficiency ratio above 90%. The processing and handling of wafers and cells will be adapted in order to maintain standard processing yields. Including scaling aspects, this corresponds to a module cost reduction of approximately 30% until 2011 and 1.0 €/Wp extrapolated until 2016. Furthermore Si demand can be reduced from 10 to 6 g/Wp providing a significant effect on the eco-impact of PV power generation. The partners of this project form an outstanding consortium to reach the project goals, including two leading European R&D institutes as well as five companies with recorded and published expertise in the field of thin solar cells. The project is structured in 5 work packages covering the process chain from wafer to module as well as integral eco-assessment and management tasks. The expected impact of the project is a PV energy cost reduction of approximately 30%, a significant reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and an improved competitiveness of the European solar cell, module and equipment manufacturers.	none given	none given	none given
75273	215271	FACESS	Flexible Autonomous Cost efficient Energy Source and Storage					2008-01-01	2011-04-30	nan	FP7	€ 4,598,080.00	€ 3,400,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	ICT-2007.3.2	In this project roll-to-roll printed organic solar cells (OSCs) and thin film batteries (TFBs) are developed, manufactured and integrated to a flexible autonomous cost efficient energy source. This kind of energy source concept has huge potential to be integrated into different low cost large area electronics applications such as posters, wireless keyboards, large-area sensor networks. In order to reduce manufacturing costs of this application field the fabrication is transferred to a roll-to-roll process which enables cost-efficient and large area processing. Thus the technology can be also integrated to conventional printing processes used in the industry. So far printed OSCs and TFBs have been studied and manufactured using sheet fed laboratory scale machines. The goal of the “Flexible Autonomous Cost efficient Energy Source and Storage” (FACESS) project is to manufacture efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) and a thin film battery (TFB) on flexible substrate using commercially available materials and cost efficient roll-to-roll (R2R) mass production techniques, printing, as well as integrate a control transistor circuitry on a foil. The ultimate goal is to integrate these three structures to a single assembly resulting in a flexible, fully autonomous energy source. In this assembly organic solar cells harvest the solar energy and charge the thin film batteries which provide the electricity for an external load. The Si-based transistor circuitry integrated on the foil controls the charge operation. The effort of the FACESS consortium is to create a new technology that is derived from the strengths of European region, to the area of low cost power source manufacturing and its utilisation in different applications. The competitiveness of European industry in this new disruptive technology is much more potential than in well established products. The development in FACESS project creates synergies and co-operation between the electronic, and printing industry.	none given	none given	none given
75278	308350	CU-PV	Cradle to cradle sustainable pv modules					2012-10-01	2015-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 5,436,676.02	€ 4,034,898.24	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENVIRONMENT	ENV.2012.6.3-1	Even though solar power is pollution-free during use, production of solar (PV) modules consumes extensive energy and natural resources. Recycling is hardly considered during module production, and therefore cumbersome and inefficient. The fast growth of the PV-industry entails similarly fast growth in resource consumption with growing production capacity: currently modest amounts can become very high. Hence, Cu-PV aims to minimise the use of critical resources like energy (by reducing silicon consumption and improving conversion efficiency), silver and lead, while simultaneously maximising recycling possibilities: introducing design for recycling in this sector, and collaborating over the value chain for improvements in recycling.Current PV manufacturing puts limitations on reduction of costs and environmental footprint: screen-printed Ag-based metallisation prohibits progress towards phasing out lead and silver consumption and reducing silicon and energy consumption, while module materials prohibit efficient recycling of modules. Cu-PV will develop new metallisation methods based on ink jetting of Ag, Ni, Cu seed layers in WP2 that are plated afterwards with Ni, Cu in WP3, which results in >99% reduction of Ag consumption, enables replacement of silver, and as non-contact metallisation methods enables the use of thin wafers.The solar cell process before metallisation needs to be adjusted (WP1) to be compatible with this metallisation: back contact solar cell design will allow thin wafers and high efficiencies, resulting in 50% Si and 30% PV System energy consumption reduction. The module assembly and interconnection of cells will need to be optimised for the new cell metallisation. Back-contact interconnection will allow completely abandoning the use of lead (WP4), and will be designed, developed, and tested, for recycling (WP5). WP5 will in particular develop and demonstrate alternatives for the current practice of destruction of PV modules at end of life.	none given	none given	none given
75298	604148	MUJULIMA	Innovative Materials for Multiple Junction OPVs and for Improved Light Management					2014-01-01	2016-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 5,466,101.46	€ 3,892,715.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP.2013.4.0-2	Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is one of the fastest growing sustainable, renewable energy conversion technologies that can help meet the increasing global energy demands. Organic photovoltaic (OPV) technologies are particularly attractive due to their compatibility with low-cost roll-to-roll and printing processing at low temperatures on a wide variety of substrate materials and the lack of scarce or toxic materials rendering them environmentally friendly. OPVs can also benefit from a larger selection of functional materials as the required properties (high semi-conductor mobility, suitable band-gap, good intrinsic stability, good barrier properties, etc.) can be tuned by careful design and synthesis.Currently, the highest cell efficiencies reported in Europe for solution processed single (>9%), double (8.9%) and triple (9.6%) junction cells as well as the lowest water vapor transmission rates for transparent flexible barriers (WVTR 10-6 g/m2/day) were obtained by the partners of MUJULIMA. In this project we show how with new and innovative materials we will increase the module efficiencies (larger than 15%) and outdoor stability to make OPVs a commercially competitive viable technology.The general objective of MUJULIMA is to develop high performance commercially competitive materials with excellent intrinsic stabilities for the cost-effective production of double and triple junction OPVs, for improved light management and for enhanced outdoor stability to achieve high module efficiencies (larger than 15%) and lifetime (larger than 10 years).The innovative materials and technologies developed within MUJULIMA will be demonstrated via three applications powered by OPVs: (a) in-house electrical automation devices, (b) urban furniture, and (c) flexible OPV modules on bus roof.	none given	none given	none given
75305	211821	HETSI	Heterojunction Solar Cells based on a-Si c-Si					2008-02-01	2011-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 5,051,116.00	€ 3,399,564.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY-2007-2.1-06	The Photovoltaic (PV) industry needs to find new approaches to make solar cells competitive. Crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafer-based technology has a real potential to achieve significant cost reduction if the R&D effort is made on the most critical issues. These issues are the reduction of silicon material consumption, the increase of solar cell efficiency and an improved integration into modules. In this context, silicon heterojunction solar cells, the active part of which is basically produced by a low temperature growth of ultra-thin layers of silicon onto both sides of a thin crystalline silicon wafer-base, represent clearly one of the most promising options. The HETSI project aims to design, develop and test novel aSi-cSi Heterojunction solar cell structure concepts with high efficiency. This project covers all aspects of the value chain, from upstream research of layer growth and deposition, to module process and cell interconnection, down to upscaling and cost assessment of heterojunction concept. The Consortium is a balanced team of 12 partners from 6 European countries with a wide range of expertise in the field of silicon for PV covering various aspects from the deposition of thin silicon films, passivation of interfaces, through characterization and modelling, down to technological implementation and industrial achievement capabilities. The cooperation of Europe’s leading research institutes in the field of heterojunction solar cells (HMI, ECN, CEA-INES, IMEC, UNINE, UU, ENEA and CNRS) will generate synergy effects that will help to provide the know-how needed to reach the optimum relation of cell efficiency and cost. The presence in the consortium of 3 industrial partners, Q-Cells, Photowatt and Solon, which are among the leading European solar cell and module producers, will insure a rapid and efficient economic exploitation of HETSI results.	none given	none given	none given
75316	256617	MOLESOL	All-carbon platforms for highly efficient molecular wire-coupled dye-sensitized solar cells					2010-10-01	2013-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 3,585,393.60	€ 2,450,375.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2010.10.2-1	The proposed project comes with a visionary approach, aiming at development of highly efficient molecular-wire charge transfer platform to be used in a novel generation thin film dye-sensitized solar cells fabricated via organic chemistry routes. The proposed technology combines the assembled dye monolayer’s, linked with organic molecular wires to semiconducting thin film deposited on optically transparent substrates. Current organic photovoltaic (OPV) cell designs made a significant step towards low cost solar cells technology, however in order to be competitive with Si and CIGs technologies, OPVs have to demonstrate long term stability and power conversion efficiencies above 10% The highest reported power conversion efficiency for OPV device based on bulk heterojunction device with PCBM and low band gap conjugated polymers is today 6.4% but this system seems reaching its limit. Offsets in the energetics of these systems lead to large internal energy losses. The dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC) reach the efficiency above 11% but the problems with the stability of the electrolyte are the current bottleneck. The MOLESOL comes with a novel concept of hybrid device combining the advantages of both concepts (i.e. dye coupled with organic molecular wire to a conductive electrode). This concept will lead to stable cells with enhanced conversion efficiency based on:•Reduction of critical length for the charge collection generated in the dye monolayer by the inorganic bottom electrode, using short molecular wires compatible with exciton diffusion length.•Replacing current inorganic ITO/FTO (n-type) layer by novel transparent wide band p-type semiconductor with a possibility of engineering the surface workfunction and leading to perfect matching between HOMO of the dye layer and the valence band of semiconductors, allowing larger Voc.	none given	none given	none given
75321	248154	PRIMA	Plasmon Resonance for IMproving the Absorption of solar cells					2010-01-01	2012-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,304,334.00	€ 2,300,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	ICT-2009.3.8	The demand for affordable renewable energy is increasing steadily. Electricity generation by photovoltaic cells is one of the main players in this field, but is hampered by its still relatively high cost compared with other sources of energy. Within this project we investigate promising nanotechnology – based strategies to enhance the performance and/or reduce the cost of different solar cell technologies. Specifically we examine the use of metal nanostructures to enhance the optical absorption of light into different types of solar cells, including crystalline Si, high performance III-V, organic and dye-sensitized solar cells. The enhanced absorption can ultimately lead to thinner and therefore less expensive solar cells due to the use of less material. One of the remaining issues in this field, that of better physical insight in the possible plasmonic enhancement mechanisms, will be studied in detail using calculations and experiments on structures with different degrees of complexity. In parallel, we investigate the manufacturability of these nanostructures and the ease of integrating them into existing process flows for solar cells. This will allow us to examine industrially relevant structures, integrate them into solar cells and test their performance. The performance will be bench-marked and assessed by solar cell companies that are participating in the project. European science traditionally is a leader in both the fields of photovoltaics and nanoplasmonics and this project helps to maintain Europe’s strong position. Moreover it provides the participating industrial partners with a competitive advantage, which should create employment and sustainable economic growth in Europe, while simultaneously contributing to a reduction of the emission of greenhouse gases.	none given	none given	none given
75324	219050	SOLASYS	Next generation solar cell and module laser processing systems					2008-09-01	2011-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 5,993,476.01	€ 3,480,283.57	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY-2007-2.1-08	Laser processes provide manufacturing solutions with minimum mechanical and thermal influence on the processed product due to their selective energy control and deposition and generally high processing speed. With this advantages they are already well established for some processing steps in the current production of solar cells. High speed laser ablation is used for the isolation of the emitter front side from the backside of a solar cell, Laser melting is used to form backside contacts and laser drilling has been proven as a versatile tool for drilling silicon wafers for metal wrap through backside contacts. All these processes are currently performed with standard Q-switch-Nd:YAG-Lasers with pulse durations of up to 100 ns which provide process characteristics and results being far away from the technical and physical limits of possible laser processes. New laser sources such as ultra short pulsed lasers, time domain optimized lasers, wavelength adapted lasers and ultra compact modular laser sources have been recently developed and provide a much better matching of laser parameters to the required processing characteristics. With these new laser sources flexible manufacturing steps can be realized leading to higher productivity and production costs as well as to higher efficiency of solar cells and modules and even new cell concepts. Within a consortium from laser manufacturers, system suppliers, research institutes and end users the technical and physical potential of high quality and process tailored laser sources will be demonstrated throughout the project and evaluated for current and future photovoltaic manufacturing processes.	none given	none given	none given
75343	240826	POLYSIMODE	Improved Polycrystalline-Silicon Modules on Glass Substrates					2009-12-01	2012-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 6,298,866.00	€ 4,431,394.50	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2009.2.1.1	The aim of this project is to improve the efficiency and the cost-effectiveness of thin-film polysilicon solar modules. Thin-film polysilicon solar cells have recently emerged as a promising thin-film alternative to bulk crystalline Si. With Solid Phase Crystallization (SPC) of amorphous Si, CSG Solar AG recently achieved mini-modules with an efficiency of around 10%, matching the efficiencies of the best European micromorph mini-modules. The efficiency of polysilicon modules will be enhanced in this project by improvement of the crystallographic and electronic quality of the polysilicon material and by the develoment of advanced new methods for light confinement. By in-depth characterization of the polysilicon material, a better understanding of the relationship between the processing parameters, the electrical and optical properties of the material and the resulting device properties will be obtained. The main goals are to have large-area polysilicon modules with an efficiency of 12% and with a cost of 0.7 Euro per Watt peak at the end of the project. The active participation of CSG within this project will allow the consortium to produce module demonstrators by using the pilot line of CSG and also to accurately determine the effect of newly developed process steps on the cost-effectiveness of polysilicon modules. This makes sure that there is a good chance to bring the developed technologies directly into real mass production at the end of the project. These objectives fit very well in the topic ENERGY.2009.2.1.1 – Efficiency and material issues for thin-film photovoltaics. The expected impact of the proposed project is to enhance the efficiency of polysilicon modules, thereby increasing their cost-effectiveness. Since all the main European institutes working on thin-film polysilicon solar cells are joining forces within this project, a substantial acceleration in the improvement of the cost-effectiveness of polysilicon modules is expected.	none given	none given	none given
75425	257894	IMPROV	Innovative Mid-infrared high Power source for resonant ablation of Organic based photovoltaic devices					2010-09-01	2014-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 3,626,855.00	€ 2,430,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	ICT-2009.3.7	High power and in particular tunable mid-infrared short pulse laser systems operating in the wavelength range between 3 µm and 11 µm have a large potential in different applications, e.g. analytics, medicine and micromaching. Up to now, those systems are only be realised by multistage set-ups consisting of bulk four or five different units, a configuration which is of course very complex, expensive with low efficiency operation. Unfortunately, this situation has not changed over the last years and there is no solution appearing.Therefore, in this proposal the development, realisation and investigation of such a highly integrated mid-infrared laser source is presented. Its layout is based on a Master Oscillator Power Amplifier (MOPA) short pulse Thulium all-fibre laser operating around 2 µm associated with a quasi-phase-matched GaAs crystal. For the MOPA pump source different integration aspects will be addressed in order to fully benefit of a waveguide device. This include the development of fibre-coupled saturable absorbers, large mode area (LMA) photonic crystal fibres (PCF) with functionalities regarding wavelength tuning capability, mode-filtering and high power operation, pump/signal combiners based on LMA-PCFs and novel concepts for fibre amplifiers with integrated core-pumping schemes. The wavelength conversion unit will be realised with integrated wavelength tunability and structural design.This MIR-laser will operate in the wavelength region from 2.5 µm to 11 µm with a pulse energy of up to 30 µJ, a pulse duration between tens to hundreds of picoseconds and a repetition rate between 50 to 250 kHz. For validation of the developed laser source tests concerning the processing of organic photovoltaic solar cell will be accomplished.The consortium represents the whole value chain including exploitation and this will significantly improve the competitiveness of related European industry and strengthen Europe’s scientific and technology base.	none given	none given	none given
75560	229231	ALPINE	Advanced Lasers for Photovoltaic INdustrial processing Enhancement					2009-09-01	2012-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 9,000,648.80	€ 5,899,987.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP-2008-4.0-4	The aim of the ALPINE project it to push forward the research and development of fiber laser systems for scribing of PhotoVoltaic (PV) modules. The project consortium will focus on a new high brilliance, high efficiency and premium beam quality laser based on photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). The all-around development cycle comprising of the beam source, beam delivery and manipulation, scribing processes, advanced diagnostic and application trials will be demonstrated. The novel laser system will be designed to fit the requirements for scribing innovative and flexible PV modules rather than standard ones based on crystalline silicon wafer. In particular, the two most appealing technological alternatives will be considered, that is CdTe and CIS technology of thin-film solar cells. Validation of the quality process will be assessed. The project joins together the two exciting challenges of the laser development for advanced industrial processing, on one side, and solar energy exploitation, on the other side. Thus it constitutes a crucial opportunity to continue the innovation of European industries involved in material processing applications by employing laser technology and to consolidate PV manufacturing European position. New promising scientific and technological approaches will be investigated. Thus the consortium expects to stimulate the continuous growth of the market in these strategic fields for European development.	none given	none given	none given
75584	241377	PV TP – SEC	Support of the activities of all stakeholders from the PV sector to collaborate together to achieve the 2020 targets					2009-09-01	2013-05-31	nan	FP7	€ 959,912.00	€ 468,116.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2009.2.1.3	The proposed action, PV TP – SEC, will foster the cooperation among all the relevant stakeholders of the PV sector and therefore optimise the coordination of the research work in various technology areas in line with the R&D targets of the Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) developed by the European Photovoltaic Technology Platform (EU PV TP). The Implementation plan of the SRA will lead the European research towards the development of the most promising technologies and as a consequence it will improve the competitiveness of the European research in the world. Moreover, the proposal PV TP – SEC will give a fundamental contribution in carrying forward the proposal for the Solar Europe Initiative (SEI), which is driven by the PV industry in the framework of the Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan, and its implementation plan in order to reach the following targets: • the 12% of PV electricity produced by 2020 • the grid parity in most Europe by 2020 • a competitive position of the EU PV industry by 2020 For the achievement of the R&D targets set in the SRA and the 2020 targets of the SEI it is necessary to continue in supporting, with the appropriate tools, all stakeholders from the PV sector. The main idea which led this consortium to propose this work is based on the need to provide an appropriate support to the stakeholders committed to achieve these ambitious targets. This consortium including all partners was involved in the previous project PV Sec (secretariat of the European Photovoltaic Technology Platform, EU PV TP) which is in operation since 2005. With the work performed this consortium is building up on this experience and using tools and contacts already available. Therefore with this proposal the consortium will continue in providing the appropriate administrative and communication tools to ensure the cooperation of the different entities of the EU PV TP with the experience of the work performed within the last three years.	none given	none given	none given
75589	609783	PV TP SEC III	Support of the activities of all stakeholders from the PV sector to collaborate together to achieve the 2020 targets and beyond					2013-09-01	2016-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 790,340.00	€ 489,677.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2013.2.1.2	“The Platform’s Mission is to develop a strategy and corresponding implementation plan for education, research & technology development, innovation and market deployment of photovoltaic solar energy, to realise its vision.The PV TP-SEC III project aims at fostering the key activities of the European Photovoltaics Technology Platform taking into consideration the pressing needs in Europe for the next 5 to 10 years which are cost competitiveness of the European industry and integration of solar photovoltaic systems into the existing infrastructure.The main objective of the project is to provide all necessary support to the Members of the Platform to make sure that in the upcoming decisive years the European Photovoltaic Technology Platform will still be a point of reference for the State-of-the-Art of PV in Europe and worldwide and will still be able to provide valuable documents considered as guidelines for a sustainable growth of the PV sector. This has to be done providing the Members of the Platform with a support flexible enough to be able to face the fast changes that will occur in the energy sector, where PV will be become more and more competitive with the conventional energy sources for electricity production and where the integration in the existing infrastructures have to be strongly improved.The action will promote the cooperation among the partners and all the relevant stakeholders of the PV sector including industry, research centres, universities, European and National public institutions, civil society organisations and will optimise the coordination of the research work the areas addressed within the European Photovoltaics Technology Platform.The activities of the PV TP-SEC III will be in line with the Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC and with the Communication from the European Commission “”Renewable energy: a major player in the European energy market””.”	none given	none given	none given
75675	222517	ORION	Optimization of Si solar cells, plastic materials and technologies for the development of more efficient concentRatION photovoltaic systems					2008-10-01	2011-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,931,970.21	€ 2,233,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-1	The development of renewable energy is a central aim of the EU Commission’s energy policy. Concentration PhotoVoltaics (CPV) has been demonstrated to be a good solution in PV industry and in the last years has become more attractive and several companies have been founded with the main goal of decreasing the cost of PV-generated electricity. The main objective of this project is the optimization of materials and technologies involved in CPV System production to reduce system cost/watt and increase system efficiency. The reduction of system cost/watt, that reflects in reduction of PV-generated electricity, will be achieved by: -developing an all-plastic system by using recycled plastic compounds; -developing Si solar cells for automatic assembling technology; -implementing and industrializing automated high-rate technologies for cell assembly and optics production. The increase of system efficiency will be achieved by: -increasing Si concentration cell efficiency by using surface plasmonic crystal structures; -developing plastic materials doped with down-converting nanoparticles for modification of the solar spectrum to enhance the cell efficiency. The scientific objectives concern optimization of Si solar cell and the development of new application-addressed nanocomposite thermoplastic material. Technological objectives concern the implementation and industrialization of automated low-cost technologies for CPV components fabrications. The scientific and technological objectives of the project will be exploited by the realization of a low –CPV system with a projection 2-3 €/Watt . The new system, ready to be produced at the end of the project, will be based on Si concentration solar cell technology coupled to hybrid mirror-lens concentrator optical system. The project also includes the design and development of an innovative one-axis tracker integrated with optics for the realization of a compact and modular CPV system for domestic rooftop applications.	none given	none given	none given
75677	261920	ESCORT	Efficient Solar Cells based on Organic and hybrid Technology					2010-09-01	2014-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,755,892.00	€ 1,341,166.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2010.2.1-2	Widespread uptake of inorganic semiconductor solar cells has been limited, with current solar cell arrays only producing between 4 to 7 GW of the 15 TW (<0.04%) global energy demand, despite the terrestrial solar resource being 120,000 TW. The industry is growing at a cumulative rate of over 40% per annum, even with effects of the financial crisis.The challenge facing the photovoltaic industry is cost effectiveness through much lower embodied energy. Plastic electronics and solution-processable inorganic semiconductors can revolutionise this industry due to their relatively easy and low cost processability (low embodied energy). The efficiency of solar cells fabricated from these “cheap” materials, is approaching competitive values, with comparison tests showing better performance for excitonic solar cells with reference to amorphous silicon in typical Northern European conditions. A 50% increase of the output will make these new solar cells commercially dominant in all markets since they are superior in capturing photons in non-ideal conditions (angled sun, cloud, haze) having a stable maximum power point over the full range of light intensity. Our objectives are to exploit the joint leadership of the top European and Indian academic and industrial Institutions to foster the wide-spread uptake of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells technology, by improving over the current state of the art by innovative materials and processes. The Indian project will tentatively start within six months after the start of the European project.	none given	none given	none given
75712	310177	LIMPID	Nanocomposite materials for photocatalytic degradation of pollutants					2012-12-01	2015-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 5,120,223.57	€ 3,299,469.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP.2012.2.2-6	Limpid aims at generating new knowledge on photocatalytic materials and processes in order to develop novel depollution treatments with enhanced efficiency and applicability. The main goal of LIMPID is to develop materials and technologies based on the synergic combination of different types of nanoparticles (NPs) into a polymer host to generate innovative nanocomposites which can be actively applied to the catalytic degradation of pollutants and bacteria, both in air or in aqueous solution. Single component nanocomposites including TiO2 NPs are already known for their photocatalytic activities. LIMPID will aim at going one big step further and include, into one nanocomposite material, oxide NPs and metal NPs in order to increase the photocatalytic efficiency and allow the use of solar energy to activate the process. One of the main challenge of LIMPID is to design host polymers, such as hybrid organic inorganic and fluorinated polymers, since photocatalysts can destroy the organic materials. The incorporation of NPs in polymers will allow to make available the peculiar nano-object properties and to merge the distinct components into a new original class of catalysts. At the same time nanocomposite formulation will also prevent NPs to leach into water and air phase, thus strongly limiting the potential threat associated to dispersion of NPs into the environment. Therefore nanocomposites developed in LIMPID will be used as coating materials and products for the catalytic degradation of pollutants and bacteria in water and air, i.e. deposited onto re-usable micro-particles, or in pollutant degradation reactors, and even onto large surfaces, as a coating or paint. In addition such new class of nanocomposites will be also exploited for the fabrication of porous membranes for water treatment. In order to fulfill its objectives, the LIMPID consortium has been designed to combine leading industrial partners with research groups from Europe, ASEAN Countries and Canada.	none given	none given	none given
75716	604032	MESO	Meso-superstructured Hybrid Solar Cells					2013-11-01	2016-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 4,647,417.00	€ 3,539,876.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP.2013.4.0-2;NMP.2013.2.2-4	“In this project we will develop a new class of low cost solution processible hybrid solar cells, termed “”mesosuperstructured solar cells”” (MSSCs) which are based on Perovskite absorbers and organic hole-conductors. This technology has already proven to be remarkably efficient on its first reduction to practice, but has tremendous scope to compete with the very best crystalline semiconductor and thin film technologies on efficiency, while offering the very lowest potential cost for materials and solution processed manufacturing. The activities in MESO will span from synthesis of new organic-inorganic perovskite absorbers and organic hole-conductors, theoretical modelling, through device optimization, characterisation and advanced spectroscopy, to scale-up, stability enhancement and certification and demonstrator manufacture. Our consortium consists of leading academics in Europe; pioneers of hybrid solar cells, expert organic and inorganic synthetic capabilities, leaders in electronic energy level calculations, interfaces and device simulation, world class advanced spectroscopy, and a dynamic early stage technology company. This diverse yet perfectly complementary pan European consortium will ensure that the MESO project will deliver on its objectives, and realize a new commercial photovoltaic technology.”	none given	none given	none given
75732	246124	SANS	Sensitizer Activated Nanostructured Solar Cells					2011-01-01	2013-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 5,273,917.00	€ 3,991,060.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP-2009-1.2-1	Widespread uptake of inorganic semiconductor solar cells has been limited, with current solar cell arrays only producing arround 10 GW of the 15 TW (~0.06%) global energy demand, despite the terrestrial solar resource being 120,000 TW. The industry is growing at a cumulative rate of over 40% per annum, even with effects of the financial crisis. However, to contribute to global power this century, growth of around 100% pa is required. The challenge facing the photovoltaic industry is cost effectiveness through much lower embodied energy. Plastic electronics and solution-processable inorganic semiconductors can revolutionise this industry due to their relatively easy and low cost processability (low embodied energy). The efficiency of solar cells fabricated from these “cheap” materials, is approaching competitive values, with comparison tests showing better performance for sensitizer activated solar cells with reference to amorphous silicon and CIS in Northern European conditions. A 50% increase of the output will make these new solar cells commercially dominant in all markets since they are superior in capturing photons in non-ideal conditions (angled sun, cloud, haze) having a stable maximum power point over the full range of light intensity. To enable this jump in performance in a timely manner, a paradigm shift is required. The revolutionary approach to these solar cells we are undertaking in the SANS project is exactly that and matches the desires of the IEA for mitigation of climate change. Our objectives are to create: highly efficient panchromatic sensitizers, ideally structured semiconducting metal oxide materials and composites; optimized non-volatile and quasi solid-state electrolyte compositions and solid-state organic hole-transporters; achieve full comprehension of the physical processes occurring during solar cell operation; and realization of a 40,000 hrs out door lifetime, being the springboard for commercialization.	none given	none given	none given
75780	609837	STAGE-STE	Scientific and Technological Alliance for Guaranteeing the European Excellence in Concentrating Solar Thermal Energy					2014-02-01	2018-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 21,134,658.37	€ 9,997,207.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2013.10.1.10	Concentrating Solar Thermal Energy encompasses Solar Thermal Electricity (STE), Solar Fuels, Solar Process Heat and Solar Desalination that are called to play a major role in attaining energy sustainability in our modern societies due to their unique features: 1) Solar energy offers the highest renewable energy potential to our planet; 2) STE can provide dispatchable power in a technically and economically viable way, by means of thermal energy storage and/or hybridization, e.g. with biomass. However, significant research efforts are needed to achieve this goal. This Integrated Research Programme (IRP) engages all major European research institutes, with relevant and recognized activities on STE and related technologies, in an integrated research structure to successfully accomplish the following general objectives: a) Convert the consortium into a reference institution for concentrating solar energy research in Europe, creating a new entity with effective governance structure; b) Enhance the cooperation between EU research institutions participating in the IRP to create EU added value; c) Synchronize the different national research programs to avoid duplication and to achieve better and faster results; d) Accelerate the transfer of knowledge to industry in order to maintain and strengthen the existing European industrial leadership in STE; e) Expand joint activities among research centres by offering researchers and industry a comprehensive portfolio of research capabilities, bringing added value to innovation and industry-driven technology; f) Establish the European reference association for promoting and coordinating international cooperation in concentrating solar energy research. To that end, this IRP promotes Coordination and Support Actions (CSA) and, in parallel, performs Coordinated Projects (CP) covering the full spectrum of current concentrating solar energy research topics, selected to provide the highest EU added value and filling the gaps among national programs.	none given	none given	none given
75784	252906	HY-SUNLIGHT	Optical properties of hybrid organic/inorganic nano-particles for photovoltaic applications: toward a predictive computational approach					2010-09-13	2012-09-12	nan	FP7	€ 222,272.40	€ 222,272.40	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IIF	Hopes for a new generation of photovoltaic technology (PV) which may overcome the limitations of the present semiconductor-based technology are based on organic materials, due to their light weight and broad absorption spectrum. In this respect, a special role is played by hybrid organic/inorganic nano-particles. Typical hybrid PV (HPVs) are composite films of semiconductor nano-particles (quantum dots) coupled to organic cromophores active in the visible range. Despite the strong efforts to improve efficiency and stability of HPVs to outperform standard inorganic cells, at present no theoretical/computational approach, going beyond heuristic models, is available to reliably describe the optical excitation of HPVs. These complex systems are untractable by present computational tools due to the very different nature of light-matter interactions in the different segments, leading the respective optical excitations to cover very different length scales. This situation is particularly unsatisfactory as the optical properties of hybrid organic/inorganic nano-particles may find ground-breaking applications in other applied field, notably nano-medicine and biology. The goal of the present proposal is to build the theoretical/computational background for a quantitative modeling of the light response of HPV. The specific objectives are i) a methodological advancement in HPV description, namely, the development of a genuine multi-scale computational method, based on a ‘hybrid’ Configuration Interaction approach, suited to deal with nano-hybrid systems; the new method should be able to describe excitations unique to, and delocalized over, the hybrid system in a nearly parameter-free approach, comparable to standard quantum-chemistry approaches which would not be applicable in this case; ii) the application of the new scheme to selected proto-typical systems of interest for HPV, and the conceptualization of the microscopic mechanisms of their optical properties.	none given	none given	none given
75789	287594	SUNFLOWER	SUstainable Novel FLexible Organic Watts Efficiently Reliable					2011-10-01	2016-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 14,459,192.00	€ 10,099,968.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	ICT-2011.3.6	Organic photovoltaics (OPV) represent the newest generation of technologies in solar power generation, offering the benefits of flexibility, low weight and low cost enabling the development of new consumer nomadic applications and the long term perspective of easy deployment in Building Integrated Photo Voltaics (BIPV) and energy production farms. This is a key opportunity for the EU to further establish its innovation base in alternative energies.The current challenges reside in the combination to increase efficiencies to 8-10% (module level), increase expected lifetime up to 20 years and decrease production costs to 0.7 Eur/Wp, while taking into account the environmental impact and footprint. The key project objectives are to achieve:•\tPrinted OPV with high efficiency architectures such as tandem cells and dedicated light management structures•\tHigh performance photo active and passive (barrier) materials including process controlled morphology•\tSolutions for cost effective flexible substrates, diffusion barriers and conductors•\tDeep understanding of the device physics, elucidation of degradation mechanisms and estimate environmental impact of the main materials and processes The project consortium combines industrial, institutional and academic support to make a significant impact at European and International level, especially on materials and processes while demonstrating their market-relevant implementations. The industrial project partners are well assembled along the supply chain of future OPV-based products, which is an important prerequisite for the creation of significant socio-economic impact of this proposal.	none given	none given	none given
75842	245977	NASCENT	SILICON NANODOTS FOR SOLAR CELL TANDEM					2010-09-01	2013-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 4,119,514.80	€ 2,982,855.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP-2009-1.2-1	The overall objective of the project is to develop new Nanomaterials with New Production Technologies and to fabricate silicon quantum dot tandem solar cells to achieve increased efficiencies. The understanding of electrical transport and recombination mechanisms in these newly developed nanomaterials will enable us to design new tandem solar cell structures – based on Si thin-film or wafer solar cells – that help to overcome the efficiency limits of these conventional concepts. In order to reach our goals, considerable R+D work has to be performed on semiconductor bulk materials, thin layers and hetero-structures for such solar cells. These topics have not yet or only in parts been investigated and are also of high scientific interest for novel photonic and charge storage devices incorporating Si nanocrystals embedded in Si alloys. The consortium of this project, also including two companies, merges the scientific and technological competences that are necessary to find answers to these questions. Another objective is the compatibility of the newly developed technologies with high-throughput processing to ensure further cost-reduction. The expected significant jump in the solar cell and processing evolution will lead to higher efficiencies for solar cells and to ongoing cost-reduction also with a long-term perspective and will help to strengthening the European leadership in PV technologies. Thus it will also have a positive impact on the acceptance of photovoltaics by the public and by politics. Moreover, since “energy efficiency” is a big subject in the public discussion, photovoltaics will be an example of one of the highest electricity production efficiencies that have been achieved of all power generators. To sum up, we believe that this project will have a direct and positive impact on the European PV industry and its status in material science and it will contribute to the very ambitious goals of the EU commission in CO2 reduction in general.	none given	none given	none given
75857	239199	H2OSPLIT	WATER SPLITTING CATALYSTS FOR ARTIFICIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS					2009-05-01	2013-04-30	nan	FP7	€ 100,000.00	€ 100,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	PEOPLE-2007-4-3.IRG	Artificial photosynthesis is one of the most promising methods for the direct conversion of solar energy into renewable chemical fuels. The process involves splitting water by creating spatially separated electron-hole pairs, which then control the redox semi-reactions leading to evolution of molecular hydrogen and oxygen. This project aims at providing an electronic and structural characterization of novel highly-efficient catalysts for water oxidation, as well as at identifying the fundamental reaction mechanisms underlying their function and efficiency. To this end, we will use state-of-the-art first-principles numerical modeling based on density functional theory. In particular, we will focus on inorganic ruthenium-containing polyoxometalate homogeneous catalysts that have been recently synthesized and that displayed unprecedented reactivity and stability in solution. Very little is known about the fundamental electronic and structural properties of this novel class of materials. Besides a full characterization, this project will provide insight into the water/catalyst interaction, the electronic processes controlling the charge state of the active metal centers, and the mechanism of water oxidation. This study of structure and functions will allow us to identify correlations between the catalytic activity, the atomistic environment and the electronic structure, thus proposing guidelines for a predictive tailoring of inorganic water-splitting catalysts. During the reintegration period, the researcher will be hosted in the theory group of the ELETTRA synchrotron radiation facility where a joint theoretical and experimental multidisciplinary project is currently being set up. This unique scientific environment will give him the opportunity to become a leading figure in the field of artificial photosynthesis for energy applications.	none given	none given	none given
75870	299490	F-LIGHT	Förster resonant energy transfer for high efficiency quantum dot solar cells					2012-09-01	2015-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 200,978.60	€ 196,391.87	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF	The Project F-LIGHT aims at exploiting in innovative way the Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET) process in excitonic solar cells, by adding proper donor/acceptor (D/A) couples, which lead to broadening of the absorption spectral range and improve the photoconversion efficiency. The D/A couples are composed of commercially available dye molecules and colloidal and non-colloidal quantum dots (QDs).The investigation takes advantage of the outstanding injection properties of commercially available dye molecules and naked QDs generated by successive ionic layer absorption and reaction (SILAR), while benefiting of the outstanding stability and high electric insulation of suitably passivated colloidal QDs. The first ones act as donors strongly attached to the photoanode, the second one acts as acceptor systems to expand the absorption band. One further fundamental idea is the chemical bonding inside the D/A pair, to enhance FRET probability and optimize surface occupancy by the acceptors. Key point of the Project will be the in depth investigation of the structure, electrical and optical properties of the nanostructured heterointerfaces between the D/A couples and the photoanode by applying advanced techniques (SPM, STS, PEEM, TRPL) all available at the outgoing host Institution.Expected results can give concrete contribution to overcome the intrinsic limits of the state of the art excitonic cells, allowing exploitation of all their potential, whose efficiency is not limited by the Queisser limit and could be as high as 45%.The applicant will be trained on techniques not currently in his background (SPM, STS, TRPL), and whose application represents significant step forward the comprehension of the physico-chemical mechanisms of FRET in excitonic solar cells.Strong synergistic activities are planned between the incoming and outgoing hosts, aiming at setting up durable scientific collaboration as one of the main outcome of the Project, after the reintegration phase.	none given	none given	none given
75875	218570	NANOCHARM	MULTIFUNCTIONAL NANOMATERIALS CHARACTERISATION EXPLOITING ELLIPSOMETRY and POLARIMETRY					2008-01-01	2010-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,593,129.00	€ 1,200,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP-2007-2.1-3	Ellipsometry and polarimetry have enormous capabilities for characterization of multifunctional materials, devices, processing and phenomena at the nanoscale, with consideration of the nanostructure-properties-functionality relationship, which can be addressed non-destructively, non-invasively, in non-contact, in-line and in real-time without any specific condition requirements for measurements and without any sort of environmental impact. This Coordination action is aimed at expressing, assessing and spreading capability of ellipsometry/polarimetry in serving nanomaterial scientists, producers and end-users to address complexity of a large variety of multifunctional nanostructures, hybrid systems, interface behaviours, surface-related phenomena, molecular self-assembling: for all those systems, ellipsometry/polarimetry is beyond just dimension at the nanoscale yielding information on compositional, optical, electrical, magnetic characteristics associated to the specific nanostructure. This CA identify European expertise and establish a platform for (1) coordination of research on ellipsometry for a large variety of nanomaterials, devices and technologies (2) dissemination and development of actions to allow nanomaterials scientists, students, SMEs and end-users approaching and exploiting ellipsometry and polarimetry for designing nanomaterials and nanodevices with unexplored functionalities and for controlling/implementing related production technologies. Advantages that this CA include improvement of knowledge of chemical and physical properties of nanomaterials, new controlled procedures of production, and more sustainable products. The technological impact is huge involving the major production areas and industries of a developed economy such as health-(medicine, biotechnology), environment-(hazardous gas sensing-monitoring), energetics-(photovoltaics), components-(semiconductor, coating industries), which all produce and use multifunctional nanostructure	none given	none given	none given
75906	218938	MEDIRAS	MEmbrane DIstillation in Remote AreaS					2008-09-01	2011-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,433,956.55	€ 2,118,196.35	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY-2007-4.1-03	The overall objective of the MEDIRAS project is the development and demonstration of cost effective and very reliable solar driven desalination systems for water scarcity affected regions with high insolation. The modular system set up is based on the highly innovative Membrane Distillation (MD) technology. MD is favorably applicable for small distributed desalination systems in the capacity range between 0.1-20m³/day. MD is very robust against different raw water conditions and operable with alternating energy supply like solar energy. With respect to demonstration and market penetration of MD systems, the project will be focused on cost reduction and quality improvement for life time extension of MD modules and MD systems, on the development of components such as brine cooler and brine disposal units for ground water desalination at inland locations with limited raw water resources, and on the development of scalable system configurations in order to adapt them to different customer demands. Solar energy driven units for potable water disinfection will be integrated into the desalination units for health protection. The emphasize of the MEDIRAS project is on the design, set up and operation of different demonstration systems. Three compact systems of different sizes (150l/day and 300l/day) and two multi module two loop systems (3m³/day and 5m³/day) for full solar energy supply and for combined solar and waste heat energy supply will be installed in different European potential user sites in , Gran Canaria (Spain), Tenerife (Spain) and Pantelleria (Italy), as well as in Tunesia as an example for an North-African country. Comprehensive performance evaluation and water quality analyses will be conducted. With respect to market penetration in addition to the technological goals, focus will also be on the identification of suitable markets and target user-groups for the technology and the preparation of the conditions for the system to enter the identified markets.	none given	none given	none given
75929	609543	ETRERA_2020	Empowering Trans-Mediterranean Renewable Energy Research Alliance for Europe 2020 challenges					2013-09-01	2016-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,132,349.92	€ 999,366.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-INCO	INCO.2013-9.1	ETRERA 2020 – Empowering Trans-mediterranean Renewable Energy Research Alliance for 2020 energy targets – is a project aimed at face front the future energy needs in the Euro –Mediterranean area by reinforcing creating a collaborative research/innovation network for supporting renewable energy sources (RES) technologies development and application, in accordance with EU policy addresses.The ETRERA2020 idea is to improve S&T and entrepreneurial relationships between European Member States and the neighbouring Mediterranean countries in the strategic field of renewable energy production, distribution and storage by a range of activities targeted to bridging the existing gap between research and innovation.ETRERA 2020 will address its efforts not on the societal challenge: Secure, clean and efficient energy in a general way, because this modus operandi will not bring any concrete result since it is too wide. It aims to focus on the below described specific technologies: wind, PV, grid connection and solar thermal.	none given	none given	none given
75957	241270	E2PHEST2US	Enhanced Energy Production of Heat and Electricity by a combined Solar Thermionic-Thermoelectric Unit System					2010-01-01	2012-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,697,100.00	€ 1,977,724.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2009.2.5.1	Concentrating solar systems are matter of relevant and constantly increasing interest of the energy market owing to the compact size, reduced request for components, capability to be multi-generative, potential high-efficiency and low-cost.This project aims to design and realize innovative and scalable components for solar concentrating systems that generate both electricity and heat and work efficiently at high temperatures (800-1000°C).The proposed concept includes the design, realization and testing of several new component technologies. A high-temperature receiver will be developed to provide the heat input to the converter unit. A new-concept conversion module will be developed for electrical and thermal energy production based on thermionic and thermoelectric direct converters, thermally combined in series to increase the efficiency (thermal-to-electrical efficiency estimated to 35%). A heat recovery system will be designed to collect waste heat (standard efficiency of 65%) and provide it as an additional energy product (co-generation). Innovative wirings for fluid and electricity transport will be designed, realized and tested. The benefit associated to a single hybrid cable, able to carry both relatively high-temperature fluids and electricity, will be characterized and demonstrated.A small-scale prototype solar system will be realized to test and evaluate the real impact of the new components.	none given	none given	none given
75962	310637	SMILEY	Smart nano-structured devices hierarchically assembled by bio-mineralization processes					2012-12-01	2015-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 5,414,489.40	€ 3,996,103.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP.2012.1.4-2	“SMILEY aims to develop and apply a “”bottom-up”” approach to build nano-structured devices with smart multi-functional properties: bio-mineralization, self-assembly, self-organization are an ensemble of concomitant phenomena, inspired by nature, that will be properly directed to generate elementary nano-sized building blocks organized in macroscopic devices for application in EHS (Environment, Health, Safety) Biomedical and Energy fields. SMILEY will exploit the ability of such a cascade of biologically-inspired processes to form complex hybrid nano-composites, starting from abundant and environmentally safe raw materials such as natural polymers and fibres, whose characteristics and organization are mediated by the activation of control mechanisms and structural confinement conferring defined functionalities to the final devices. The processes of self-assembling and mineralization, scaled at pilot plant, will be directed and adjusted to obtain 3-D porous hybrid nano-composites to be used as: i) filters for air purification from nano-particles; ii) biomedical devices exhibiting high mimesis with human hard tissues, addressed to dental regeneration; iii) fibrous integrated photovoltaic devices. The control mechanisms inherent in the whole process will allow to establish a technological platform based on highly repeatable, scalable and cost-effective technology for the manufacturing of multi-functional devices with huge economic, environmental and social impact. This will also represent a proof of concept for further development of smart devices obtained by biologically-inspired self-assembling processes; in this respect, roadmaps addressing wider industrial exploitation will be prepared, basing on the knowledge gained in the development of SMILEY.”	none given	none given	none given
75983	268229	DAMASCO	Preparation and Application of new n-type, Electron Acceptor Materials in Organic Solar Cells					2011-03-01	2014-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 45,000.00	€ 45,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG	Organic Photovoltaics have advantages compared to traditional inorganic solar cells, offering the prospect of low fabrication cost and flexiblility. The properties of organic and polymeric materials, open the perspective of a widely distributed photovoltaic low cost mass production. For this development to take place, the devices power conversion efficiency have to reach 10% and their lifetime have to increase. The development of polymer based solar cells has made significant progress but more research in the design and synthesis of new photoactive organic materials is needed.Bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells have active layers composed by electron-donating p-type semiconductors and electron-acceptor n-type materials. DAMASCO project will contribute to the design, synthesis and testing of new electron acceptor molecules and polymers with n-type properties for organic BHJ solar cells.Perylene diimides dyes are a significant class of n-type organic semiconductors for optoelectronics. These materials have good thermal and photochemical stability, high electron affinity, high absorption and their electronic properties can be easily modified via chemical tailoring by introducing substituent groups. Due to these properties, perylenes are candidates for organic photovoltaics. DAMASCO will develop novel perylene based molecules and polymers with n-type semiconduction properties and good solar harvesting.DAMASCO project has the following objectives: 1) design and synthesis of novel electron acceptor perylene based systems; 2) preparation and characterization of polymeric donor/acceptor photoactive blends; 3) assembling of BHJ solar cells and photovoltaic performance evaluation.The expected results are: a) new highly stable molecules and polymers with n-type semiconduction properties; b) nanostructured photoactive layer made of polythiophenes and perylene acceptor systems; c) BHJ solar cells with good harvesting of the solar light and longer live time.	none given	none given	none given
76031	308975	PROME3THE2US2	Production Method Of Electrical Energy by Enhanced Thermal Electron Emission by the Use of Superior Semiconductors					2013-05-01	2016-04-30	nan	FP7	€ 4,081,855.84	€ 2,977,558.48	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2012.10.2.1	The project aims to develop, validate and implement a novel solid-state conversion mechanism able to transform concentrated solar radiation into electric energy, at very high efficiency, with a direct conversion obtained by an enhanced electron emission from advanced semiconductor structures. Its application is in high-flux concentrating solar systems, characterized by presently mature optical technology, reduced request for active components, high cost-effectiveness.The energy conversion exploits the high radiation flux, provided by solar concentrators, by combining an efficient thermionic emission to an enhanced photo-electron emission from a cathode structure, obtained by tailoring the physical properties of advanced semiconductors able to work at temperatures as high as 1000 °C. The high operating temperatures are also connected to the possibility to exploit the residual thermal energy into electric energy by thermo-mechanical conversion.ProME3ThE2US2 will develop a proof-of-concept converter working under vacuum conditions, composed of an absorber able to employ the solar infrared (IR) radiation to provide a temperature increase, a semiconductor cathode properly deposited on it, and a work-function-matched anode, separated from the cathode by an inter-electrode spacing. The concept novelty bases on (1) use of both bandgap and over-bandgap energy to generate electrical current; (2) additional use of sub-bandgap IR radiation, with a spectral energy not able to excite photo-emitters, for augmenting the thermionic emission from cathode, (3) engineered semiconductors, able to emit electrons at lower temperatures than standard refractory metals; (4) experimentation of a hetero-structured cathode for emission enhancement by an internal field; (5) recovery of exhaust heat from the anode by thermo-mechanical conversion. It is estimated that the proposed technology could achieve a conversion efficiency of 45% if used under high-flux irradiation conditions (~1000 suns).	none given	none given	none given
76098	628691	SASOLAR13	Self-assembly strategies towards optimal morphology in small molecule organic solar cells					2014-03-01	2016-02-29	nan	FP7	€ 194,046.60	€ 194,046.60	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF	Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have gained a lot of attention as versatile and cheap alternatives to their inorganic counterparts. Great improvement has been made by tuning the electronic properties of donor, D, and acceptor, A, molecules. Equally important for high efficiency devices, is the morphology and orientation of D and A molecules in the active layer because: (1) excitons created upon absorption have a finite migration length (5-20 nm), D and A domains therefore have to be small and (2) both domains have to fully percolate the active layer in order to achieve efficient charge transport and collection at the electrodes. So far, the D-A morphology has mainly been optimized by altering processing methods, such as spin-casting, (organic) vapor phase deposition and vacuum thermal evaporation, and by post-deposition annealing (e.g., using solvent vapor and / or temperature).Here we propose to encode the morphology directly into the chemical structure of the D and A molecules by using self-assembly. This way, molecular recognition between the molecules determines the morphology of the active layer. To this end, pyrene derivatives with enhanced π-π stacking have been reported, as well as molecules incorporating hydrogen-bonding motifs coupled to electronically active segments. These types of self-assembled devices had enhanced efficiency compared to their non-assembled analogues, and clearly show that self-assembly provides a new level of control over morphology.In this project, we will use self-assembling D molecules bearing large π-π stacking motifs together with hydrogen bonding arrays to hierarchically organize both D and A molecules and creating a high interfacial area, while maintaining percolation. This way exciton diffusion and splitting will be facilitated, hole mobility will be enhanced by improved interconnection of D molecules and recombination will decrease, leading to higher power conversion efficiency.	none given	none given	none given
76187	239444	PIOS	Photonic Integration on Silicon Germanium					2009-04-01	2013-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 100,000.00	€ 100,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	PEOPLE-2007-4-3.IRG	Many of the true breakthroughs in our technology are related to materials and the understanding of their properties. Emergence of new semiconductor materials systems, especially in crystalline form, strongly shapes future photonics and electronics. Today, among such new promising material systems are crystalline Silicon/Germanium (Si/Ge) epitaxy. In these material systems, both academia and industry in the USA and the Far East seem to be making significant progress. It is thus crucial for Europe to invest and strengthen research efforts in these areas.Silicon is the most abundant element in the earth’s crust and dominates the microelectronics industry. Today Si based microelectronic technology sits on decades of processing experience and capital investment and offers advanced fabrication ability. In addition, silicon is widely used in optoelectronics in imaging (e.g., charged coupled devices―CCDs in the visible). Also, silicon finds wide-scale use in photovoltaics in optoelectronics. About 95% of the PV market is presently dominated by Si based solar cells. Although Si has been the dominant actor in electronics for a number of decades, only recently Si/Ge epitaxy has been possible to open up new opportunities both in electronics and photonics. For example, Si/Ge provides high mobility for high-speed transistors in electronics. Similarly, Si/Ge epitaxy allows for the fabrication of IR detector. To date SOI waveguides, Si based visible sensors and receivers have been successfully developed. Si/Ge platform is, however, not limited only to these devices and related applications and commercial interest. In this project, we aim to address this gap in the device product line of Si/Ge including efficient Si/Ge based light emitters, modulators, sub-wavelength IR detectors and multi-junction solar cells and expand their technological applications and commercial use critical both for Europe and around the globe.	none given	none given	none given
76203	218952	ALONE	Small Scale Solar Cooling Device					2008-10-01	2012-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 3,730,044.60	€ 2,298,988.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY-2007-4.1-02	Solar cooling technologies use solar thermal energy provided through solar collectors to power thermally driven cooling machines. Cooling demand is rapidly increasing in many parts of the world: the combination of solar thermal and cooling has a high potential to replace conventional cooling machines based on electricity and depleting refrigerants. However, while larger solar cooling systems have been successfully demonstrated, smaller systems have not yet entered the market due to various technical and economical reasons. Until today, there is a lack of small scale units, fully automated and autonomous package-solutions for residential and small commercial or industrial applications, low temperature cooling systems: ALONE aims at overcoming these barriers. The main aim of ALONE proposal is to improve solar cooling technologies based on systems able to cope with low temperature cooling applications. Effort will be concentrated on absorption chiller optimisation for providing both heating and cooling in solar systems: in fact, components’ adaptation and control logic optimisation is a necessary step towards higher conversion performances and reduced costs. This objective will be achieved through the development and improvement of new components of small capacity cooling systems, collectors and control systems, as well as a plant characterised by pre-engineered solutions. Advanced modelling and simulation will also support the design. The whole system will work in a fully automated way throughout the year. In order to foster the market penetration and widespread use of sustainable technology, major attention is paid to the simplification of installation effort and the minimisation of the need maintenance, what is of utmost importance for such kind of plants which in any case will run without operator. The project will demonstrate this innovative system at four selected end-user sites, collecting real data and assessing performances under full plant operation.	none given	none given	none given
76206	296009	INSUN	Industrial Process Heat by Solar Collectors					2012-04-01	2015-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 6,772,582.83	€ 4,135,170.25	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2011.4.1-2	The main idea of InSun is to demonstrate the reliability and quality of large scale solar thermal systems for different types of industrial process heat applications on medium and high temperature levels. Three different types of collector systems are demonstrated and compared: improved flat plate collectors for an Austrian meat factory for steam pre-heating up to 95°C, tracked concentrating Fresnel collectors for an Italian brick drying factory at 200°C, and parabolic trough collectors for milk powder production at 185°C in Spain. Each of these applications offers a high replication potential. Missing standards especially for concentrating collectors and the large uncertainty of system integration costs are the main bottlenecks for a fast system deployment in the industrial sector. Therefore, the project aims to give a significant input to the standardization process in terms of construction, integration and dimensioning of this young and innovative technology which will be supported by the foundation of a special interest group for lobbying work including key members of the relevant collector producers and research organizations. The industrial driven management board of InSun ensures a strong and continuous participation of the industrial partners involved. This management board will be responsible for the observation of the progress and quality of the demonstration projects, for the quality assurance of dissemination activities and of support actions pushing the standardization process and to lead the market deployment strategy development tasks. Three periodically organized international expert workshops with strong support from ESTIF (see attached letter of support) will include selected external experts from other ongoing research or commercial projects. Furthermore, InSun aims to contribute to the IEA Task 49 and Task 45.	none given	none given	none given
76299	310344	NECSO	Nanoscale Enhanced Characterisation of SOlar selective coatings					2013-03-01	2016-02-29	nan	FP7	€ 2,390,897.13	€ 1,855,070.75	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP.2012.1.4-3	Optical coatings are commonly deposited over large areas on different substrates: glass, metals (steel, aluminium…) or polymeric foils (PET…). Production processes involve normally large machinery including many times roll-to-roll processes to deposit multilayers over several square meters of substrates. However, properties of these coatings depend strongly on nanometric properties: composition, crystallography, nanostructure, roughness, homogeneity… Solar selective coatings are considered a special case of optical coatings combining several layers with different properties, mainly: antireflection, solar absorbance and infrared mirror.Nowadays the most demanding solar selective coatings are those used in tubes of high temperature parabolic trough solar collectors. Coatings have to operate in an aggressive environment (temperatures above 400ºC, thermal cycling) during 20-25 years. Besides, further developments require higher temperatures, improved scratch resistance and working under oxidant atmospheres (small quantities of water vapour and oxygen). In order to get significant advances in this field it is essential to have:1. Nanoscale structure related requirements (nanoroughness, nanohardness, crystallography, composition, vibrational modes) and the correlation with performance requirements: optical and, more important, life expectancy.2. Standard characterisation and degradation protocols to serve as a powerful tool to coating developers, producers and end users for life prediction and to push the collector parameters (temperatures and environment) to higher efficiency parameters.The main idea behind this NECSO project is to provide tools to the end users namely solar plants builders, to guarantee that the selective coating will work properly during 20 to 25 years. Novel experimental methods for testing materials under extreme conditions (temperature and radiation) are needed providing a deeper understanding of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with nanomaterials, as basis for design of new spectrally selective absorber coatings. Nanoscale characterisation (roughness, AFM, nanoindentation, scratch-adhesion, crystallography by FESEM-EBSD, Raman, RX, XPS, etc) will correlate the nanostructure parameters with coating performance. The resulting outcomes are expected to contribute significantly to the infrastructure of the solar energy research, development and industrial activities worldwide. Additionally, the designed testing protocols should help coating developers to compare available layers and newly designed ones, with standard procedures. Finally, testing procedures will also be of utter importance to have a fast quality control on the coatings, typically in 4 meter tubes, over some tens of kilometres in a common cylinder parabolic solar plant.	none given	none given	none given
76620	603519	GREENANOFILMS	Development and application of ultra-high resolution nano-organized films by self-assembly of plant-based materials for next generation opto- and bio-electronics					2014-02-01	2017-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 5,115,044.29	€ 3,815,856.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP.2013.1.1-2	Carbohydrate biomass constitutes an abundant and renewable resource that is attracting growing interest as a biomaterial. Convincingly the use of different natural “elementary bricks”, from oligosaccharides to fibers found in biomass, when mimicking self-assembly as Nature does, is a promising field towards innovative nanostructured biomaterials, leading to eco-friendly manufacturing processes of various devices. Indeed, the self-assembly at the nanoscale level of plant-based materials, via an elegant bottom-up approach, allows reaching very high-resolution patterning (sub-10nm) never attained to date by petroleum-based molecules, thus providing them with novel properties.GREENANOFILMS aims to use carbohydrates as “elementary bricks” (glycopolymers, cellulose nanocrystals and nanofibers) for the conception of ultra-high resolution nanostructured technical films to be used in various markets, from large volume sectors, such as (i) high-added value transparent flexible substrate for printed electronic applications, (ii) thin films for high-efficiency organic photovoltaics, to growing markets, such as (iii) next generation nanolithography and (iv) high-sensitivity SERS biosensors.GREENANOFILMS main impacts are the implementation of a new generation of ultra-nanostructured carbohydrate-materials that will play a prominent role in the achievement of the sustainability improvement of various opto- and bio-electronic sectors. A network of industrial end-user leaders is integrated in the project to facilitate the innovator-to-market perspective. The prospective environmental impacts and benefits of new green processes, eco-efficient nanomaterials and nanoproducts will be quantified with Life Cycle Assessment, risk assessment and validation of the industrial feasibility, including economic evaluation of the products. The results will be disseminated to the European smart paper, printed electronic, photovoltaic, display, security and health communities.	none given	none given	none given
76632	604397	ArtESun	Efficient, large-area arbitrary shape solar energy					2013-11-01	2016-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 5,127,400.20	€ 3,683,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP.2013.4.0-2	The ArtESun project combines the multidisciplinary and complementary competences of top-level European research groups and industries in order to make significant steps towards high-efficiency >15%, stable and cost efficient OPV technology. For this purpose, the project objectives are set to make break-through advances in the state of the art in terms of (i) the development of innovative high efficient OPV materials which can be used to demonstrate the cost-effective non-vacuum production of large area arbitrary size and shape OPV modules (ii) understanding of the long term stable operation and the degradation mechanisms at the material and OPV device level (iii) the development of roll-to-roll (R2R) additive non-vacuum coating and printing techniques emphasizing efficient materials usage and cost efficient R2R processing and (iv) demonstration of high performance arbitrary size and shape OPV systems in environments relevant to its expected future applications.	none given	none given	none given
76660	315665	THIME	Thinfilm measurements on organic photovoltaic layers					2012-11-01	2014-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,476,807.00	€ 1,132,677.70	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2012-1	Printing and other large-area roll-to-roll (R2R)-compatible processes present exciting opportunities for cost-efficient mass manufacturing of electronics, among other functionalities, on large-area and flexible substrates such as plastic, paper and fabrics. In particular, thin film Organic Photovolactics (OPV) are generating a buzz in the industry. Printing the active components of a PV system onto flexible substrates means that solar cells could be incorporated onto a host of everyday objects, offing advantages in terms of weight, flexibility and low-cost production methods.A major challenge for the manufacture of polymer and printed electronics is the ability to control the layer properties more precisely than with conventional colour printing. The performance of OPVs is strongly affected by the thickness and uniformity of the needed layers. Accurate information about the thickness of the thin films being deposited would prevent the production of large volumes of materials that do not perform to the standards that they should. Without online thin film thickness measurements the real thickness of the R2R deposited layer can be measured only after the deposition process.The industry is in need of an online quality control method for thin film thickness on selected layers, which is vital for improved high quality, high volume, cost-effective production of such printed and large area electronics (OLAE) devices. The THIME project will develop a novel optical instrument for the on-line measurement of thin film thickness during the R2R manufacturing of these devices, which will be capable of measuring different OPV layers of differing characteristics values: thickness, refractive index, transparency and surface smoothness, and suited to a moving process (up to 10m/min) and is most likely not always in stable position in Z direction. No such detection method is available in the market and THIME will be a breakthrough for advancing the EU industry.	none given	none given	none given
76744	604279	MMP	Multiscale Modelling Platform: Smart design of nano-enabled products in green technologies					2014-01-01	2016-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 4,710,489.80	€ 3,304,791.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP.2013.1.4-1	The high-tech industry strives to increase overall functionality and quality of products by the application of nano-enabled materials and devices. The development of such products would significantly benefit from a thorough understanding of multiscale phenomena and adequate numerical tools to guide nano-enabled design.The scientific challenge lies in defining proper scale transition relations to transfer data between the relevant scales and to properly address the mutually dependence of the multi-physics. Nano-engineering is intrinsically strongly multidisciplinary, thereby posing the technical challenge to assemble the, in generally, distributed expertise and simulation resources.MMP (Multiscale Modelling Platform) develops an integrating modelling platform, especially equipped to target multi-scale and multiphysics engineering problems. The innovation of MMP lies in its generic and modular character, supported by data standardization and proper definition of application interfaces. This allows for the integration of existing modelling software’s and data repositories as plug-in components. MMP will be distributed as open source software supported by online documentation. This enables future users, e.g. SMEs, to join, contribute and benefit from MMP.The versatility and power of the platform is demonstrated by assessing two case studies on nano-enabled products with a high sustainability impact. The performance of phosphor light conversion in LEDs and the efficiency of CIGS thin film processing for photo-voltaics devices will be increased.MMP provides the European industry with a competitive advantage by allowing for an integrated process, material and product design. Multiscale modelling and therewith multiscale design will considerably reduce development costs, decrease time to market and improve process yield and device functionality. Moreover, the cloud computing strategy enables the optimal utilization of simulation facilities and facilitates collaboration.	none given	none given	none given
76745	270722	ERG	ENERGY FOR A GREEN SOCIETY: FROM SUSTAINABLE HARVESTING TO SMART DISTRIBUTION. EQUIPMENTS, MATERIALS, DESIGN SOLUTIONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS					2011-06-01	2014-05-01	nan	FP7	€ 25,711,684.00	€ 4,293,852.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-JTI	SP1-JTI-ENIAC-2010-3	The ERG project focus on the solar energy supply chain, starting form photovoltaic cells (PV) and proceeding with energy extraction (harvesting) techniques, high efficiency power conversion and finally managing the energy distribution inside a smart grid, with the target of different classes of applications, from house to small area, as well as application specific “local grid” (healthcare, automotive, etc.). By considering the full solar energy supply chain, we expect relevant improvements of the industrial state-of-the-art in the efficiency of PV cells, in the optimization of energy generated by PV systems, in the loss reduction of power converters and finally in energy management strategy. At the initial chain-link of the energy value chain, we primarily target the development of ultra-thin (50-20 micron) Si wafer PV cells, Si heterojunction cells, novel architectures (e.g. back-contact), novel materials (for Si heterojunctions, ARC, and dielectrics), novel approaches for screen printing and laser processing. As a promising low-cost alternative to Si we will pursue the goal of totally printable dye-sensitized-solar cells (DSSC) to demonstrate DSSC products for commercial applications. The next chain-link deals with optimization of the energy generated by PV systems by focusing on power management electronics for silicon cell panels and on micro electromechanical systems for Concentrated cells (CPV). The architecture study will elaborate different profiles of end-users, including direct grid connection, energy storage options and E-mobility support. At the end of the chain we will develop behavioural models for the individual components of the “Smart Grid” to allow for optimal energy dispatching and battery charging algorithms based on wireless sensors distributed over the network. A set of demonstrators, PV cells, conversion systems for PV and CPV inverters, and network demonstrators based on a household and an industrial application will complete the project.	none given	none given	none given
76807	227192	SOLHYDROMICS	Nanodesigned electrochemical converter of solar energy into hydrogen hosting natural enzymes or their mimics					2009-01-01	2012-06-30	nan	FP7	€ 3,655,827.74	€ 2,779,679.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2008.10.1.1	Leaves can split water into oxygen and hydrogen at ambient conditions exploiting sun light. Prof. James Barber, one of the key players of SOLHYDROMICS, was the recipient of the international Italgas Prize in 2005 for his studies on Photosystem II (PSII), the enzyme that governs this process. In photosynthesis, H2 is used to reduce CO2 and give rise to the various organic compounds needed by the organisms or even oily compounds which can be used as fuels. However, a specific enzyme, hydrogenase, may lead to non-negligible H2 formation even within natural systems under given operating conditions. Building on this knowledge, and on the convergence of the work of the physics, materials scientists, biochemists and biologists involved in the project, an artificial device will be developed to convert sun energy into H2 with 10% efficiency by water splitting at ambient temperature, including: -) an electrode exposed to sunlight carrying PSII or a PSII-like chemical mimic deposited upon a suitable electrode -) a membrane enabling transport of both electrons and protons via e.g. carbon nanotubes or TiO2 connecting the two electrodes and ion-exchange resins like e.g. Nafion, respectively -) a cathode carrying the hydrogenase enzyme or an artificial hydrogenase catalyst in order to recombine protons and electrons into pure molecular hydrogen at the opposite side of the membrane The project involves a strong and partnership hosting highly ranked scientists (from the Imperial College London, the Politecnico di Torino and the GKSS research centre on polymers in Geesthacht) who have a significant past cooperation record and four high-tech SMEs (Solaronix, Biodiversity, Nanocyl and Hysytech) to cover with expertise and no overlappings the key tasks of enzyme purification and enzyme mimics development, enzyme stabilisation on the electrodes, membrane development, design and manufacturing of the SOLHYDROMICS proof-of-concept prototype, market and technology implementation studies	none given	none given	none given
76842	306622	CA2PVM	Multi-field and multi-scale Computational Approach to design and durability of PhotoVoltaic Modules					2012-12-01	2017-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 1,483,980.00	€ 1,483,980.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-PE8	“Photovoltaics (PV) based on Silicon (Si) semiconductors is one the most growing technology in the World for renewable, sustainable, non-polluting, widely available clean energy sources. Theoretical and applied research aims at increasing the conversion efficiency of PV modules and their lifetime. The Si crystalline microstructure has an important role on both issues. Grain boundaries introduce additional resistance and reduce the conversion efficiency. Moreover, they are prone to microcracking, thus influencing the lifetime. At present, the existing standard qualification tests are not sufficient to provide a quantitative definition of lifetime, since all the possible failure mechanisms are not accounted for. In this proposal, an innovative computational approach to design and durability assessment of PV modules is put forward. The aim is to complement real tests by virtual (numerical) simulations. To achieve a predictive stage, a challenging multi-field (multi-physics) computational approach is proposed, coupling the nonlinear elastic field, the thermal field and the electric field. To model real PV modules, an adaptive multi-scale and multi-field strategy will be proposed by introducing error indicators based on the gradients of the involved fields. This numerical approach will be applied to determine the upper bound to the probability of failure of the system. This statistical assessment will involve an optimization analysis that will be efficiently handled by a Mathematica-based hybrid symbolic-numerical framework. Standard and non-standard experimental testing on Si cells and PV modules will also be performed to complement and validate the numerical approach. The new methodology based on the challenging integration of advanced physical and mathematical modelling, innovative computational methods and non-standard experimental techniques is expected to have a significant impact on the design, qualification and lifetime assessment of complex PV systems.”	none given	none given	none given
76989	309048	SINGULAR	Smart and Sustainable Insular Electricity Grids Under Large-Scale Renewable Integration					2012-12-01	2015-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 5,259,445.76	€ 3,615,464.69	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2012.7.1.1	A large share of the recent renewable energy sources (RES) installed capacity has already taken place in insular electricity grids, since these regions are preferable due to their high RES potential. However, the increasing share of RES in the generation mix of insular power systems presents a big challenge in the efficient management of the insular distribution networks, mainly due to the limited predictability and the high variability of renewable generation, features that make RES plants non-dispatchable, in conjunction with the relevant small size of these networks. The Smart Grid initiative, integrating advanced sensing technologies, intelligent control methods and bi-directional communications into the contemporary electricity grid, provides excellent opportunities for energy efficiency improvements and better integration of distributed generation, including RES such as wind and photovoltaic systems, coexisting with centralized generation units within an active network.SINGULAR investigates the effects of large-scale integration of renewables and demand-side management on the planning and operation of insular electricity grids, proposing efficient measures, solutions and tools towards the development of a sustainable and smart grid. Different network operation procedures and tools, based on innovative approaches of predictive electricity network operation, will be developed.A set of electricity network planning procedures and tools will also be developed to implement robust insular electricity network planning.The goal is the generation of effective solutions and information so that the integration of insular and highly variable energy resources is maximized. The operation and planning tools and procedures will be applied in different insular electricity grids in five countries across Europe for extensive demonstration, allowing the development of generalized guides of procedures and grid codes specific for future generation of smart insular electricity grids.	none given	none given	none given
76990	285602	MAAT	Multibody Advanced Airship for Transport					2011-09-01	2015-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 5,071,720.77	€ 3,767,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-TRANSPORT	AAT.2011.6.2-1.;AAT.2011.6.3-1.	“The MAAT project aims to investigate aerial transportation possibility by airship based cruiser-feeder system. MAAT is composed by tree modules :- the cruiser, named PTAH, (acronym of Photovoltaic Transport Aerial High altitude system);- the feeder, named ATEN (Aerial Transport Elevator Network feeder), is a VTOL system (Vertical Take Off and Landing) which ensure the connection between the cruiser and the ground;- the vertical airport hub, named AHA (Airport Hub for Airship feeders).The feeder can lift up and down by the control of buoyancy force and displace horizontally to join to cruiser.The project aims to:1.identify and design the best type of propulsion for the PTAH, a discoid innovative airship able to remain airborne for long periods and to travel great distances, in order to reduce the environmental impact against the present sys-tem, as fuel consumption is null, both cruiser and feeder are energetically autonomous by photovoltaic energy and innovative electric propulsion.2.study the different possible ways of approaching and joining between ATEN and PTAH, and consequently, the re-lease of ATEN from PTAH.3.design the best procedure of docking operations thus identified in order to obtain the minimum disruption to pas-sengers and the maximum safety for themselves and for goods4.study the different architectures of PTAH and Athens, in such a way that :5.the lift up capacity guaranteed by the buoyancy force, may be accompanied by the power of the engines;6.effective and safe procedures for docking;7.ATEN can land and take off from Airport Hubs named AHA located in major populated centres8.PTAH satisfies the better possible aerodynamic performances possible for the dimensions and the operative mis-sion.To study the transfer operations between ATEN and PTAH of goods and people and vice versa, to:•minimize distress conditions for passengers,•maximize performances especially for goods;•enhance safety of these operations to maximum possible level.The objectives described are congruent with each other and to achieve this the study of the system and components must be highly structured.”	none given	none given	none given
77012	606210	ALTITUDE	ALTernative to Indium Tin Oxide materials for sustainable growth of displays, solar and automobile industries					2014-09-01	2016-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 1,498,374.96	€ 1,125,999.14	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2013-1	The electronics/displays and photovoltaic (PV) sectors are massively growing industries with sales worth > €3 trillion and €100 billion, respectively. Of strategic importance, they are major contributors to EU GDP. Despite their many positive impacts, these industries face threats of: (i) sustainability of growth in terms of raw materials, energy and environment and (ii) competitive threat from Asia. The mainstream Transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO) is Indium Tin Oxide (ITO). Without ITO the manufacture of displays and PV cells is not possible owing to the unique twin properties of ITO thin films: metal-like electrical conductivity and glass-like light transparency. This makes ITO absolutely essential in the manufacture of displays and PV cells. The massive industrial growth rates and hence, high demand for ITO comes with substantial problems: high cost of ITO electrode production due to high demand and high price of indium and control of indium resources by China. To counter the above mentioned threats, the EU industry requires the replacement of ITO with lower cost and readily available metals. This is urgently needed to sustain EU solar, displays and electronics industries growth and freedom from Chinese control of these essential raw materials (especially since China is starting to curb rare earth and indium metal exports which is leading to price increases in these materials). By lowering the raw material costs, the AltiTude project also distribute great improvements to the SME participants and to EU industry offering competitive advantage. AltiTude delivers ITO alternative multi transparent conducting oxides (m-TCO) with performance equal or even better than ITO. In AltiTude m-TCOs, the indium is replaced with lower cost and more readily available metals such as Galium, Zinc and Tin. The result would be an enormous reduction in industry costs and a great increase in sustainability for electronics, displays and solar industries.	none given	none given	none given
77035	268049	ARMOS	Advanced multifunctional Reactors for green Mobility and Solar fuels					2011-02-01	2017-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,749,999.60	€ 1,749,999.60	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-AG-PE8	Green Mobility requires an integrated approach to the chain fuel/engine/emissions. The present project aims at ground breaking advances in the area of Green Mobility by (a) enabling the production of affordable, carbon-neutral, clean, solar fuels using exclusively renewable/recyclable raw materials, namely solar energy, water and captured Carbon Dioxide from combustion power plants (b) developing a highly compact, multifunctional reactor, able to eliminate gaseous and particulate emissions from the exhaust of engines operated on such clean fuels.The overall research approach will be based on material science, engineering and simulation technology developed by the PI over the past 20 years in the area of Diesel Emission Control Reactors, which will be further extended and cross-fertilized in the area of Solar Thermochemical Reactors, an emerging discipline of high importance for sustainable development, where the PI’s research group has already made significant contributions, and received the 2006 European Commission’s Descartes Prize for the development of the first ever solar reactor, holding the potential to produce on a large scale, pure renewable Hydrogen from the thermochemical splitting of water, also known as the HYDROSOL technology.	none given	none given	none given
77120	312833	EU-SOLARIS	THE EUROPEAN SOLAR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE FOR CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER					2012-11-01	2016-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 5,917,155.71	€ 4,447,919.64	0	0	0	0	FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES	INFRA-2012-2.2.1.	EU-SOLARIS aims to create a new legal entity to explore and implement new and improved rules and procedures for reserach infrastructures (RI) for Solar Thermal Electricity (STE) technology, in order to optimise RI development and RTD coordination. According to what was communicated by ESFRI, EU-SOLARIS is expected to be the first of its kind, where Industrial needs and private funding will play a significant role.15 partners (13 Scientific,1 Ministry and the EU STE Industry Assoc.) representing 11 EU countries are participating covering all the modes and Technologies of Solar Energy Concentrating Systems.The success of this initiative-specifically addressed during the PP-will be the establishment of a new governance body, aided by sustainable financial models. The following actions will be included: developing and determining all necessary arrangements for hosting the new legal entity; developing the collaborative model between public and private entities and fostering the collaboration between industry and research centres; establishing one access point and clear rules for users; preparing all the necessary mechanisms to secure sustainable financial resources; defining appropriate systems for knowledge and IPR management; coordinating the efforts of the participating infrastructures around Europe; establish joint future development of research facilities; elaborating effective rules for the dissemination of project; and finally assessing the impact of the new EU-SOLARIS RIs and the deployment of STE technologies for a sustainable development.	none given	none given	none given
77135	218453	RESOLIVE	Adaptation of renewable energies technologies for the olive oil industry					2009-01-01	2012-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,037,219.80	€ 1,417,791.98	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2	The European olive oil sector is nowadays facing several stresses that push towards a new approach to production. Despite worldwide consumption rises; new producer countries enter the markets and increase competition, threatening European producers’ position. Besides, the high polluting character of its residues, poses serious problems to the olive mills, especially in the case of small and medium ones. All the groups involved agree on the need for a more sustainable approach to production, where environmental conditions are taken into consideration without damaging productivity. Even though efforts have been made so far for bringing the results obtained to practice, many local producers associations still lack a clear guidance adapted to their needs in specific fields, resulting in giving up the implementation of these activities after the institutional support is over. The proposing IAGs intend to take an integrated and more proactive approach to the problem: This polluting charge of olive mill waste (OMW) can be taken as an advantage to produce energy: OMW has many uses in renewable energy: it can, for instance, be gasified to obtain hydrogen, digested in an anaerobic process to obtain methane, or directly used in combustion. RESOLIVE will also explore other processes to obtain a valuable outcome from olive mill residues: solar distillation, composting, etc. The main objectives of the proposed project are: – To define the needs for the implementation of renewable energy solutions specific to the olive oil industry and proceed to test in practice their performance. – To create a comprehensive set of guidelines that will advice the associates of olive oil producers’ cooperatives deciding which of the available options for the implementation of renewable energy suits their conditions best. – To summarize the existing knowledge in olive waste valorisation and transfer this knowledge to its end users, supporting them in the further implementation.	none given	none given	none given
77157	308502	SWINGS	Safeguarding Water resources in INdia with Green and Sustainable technologies					2012-09-01	2016-02-29	nan	FP7	€ 2,366,253.02	€ 1,904,743.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENVIRONMENT	ENV.2012.6.6-1	“At a time with an urgent need to conserve water resources, efficient sanitation systems play a key role in sustainability. They can ensure that the vital resource Water is recovered from waste and can be re-used at the same time as protecting human health and the environment. The SWINGS project consortium will establish an optimal methodology for nutrient and energy recovery from wastewater (WW) at the same time as making the water safe for reuse, all in a manner conducible to rural communities in developing countries, with India as the concrete example. In particular, the SWINGS project will enlist already optimized municipal WW treatment concepts and combine “”green”” and sustainable technologies. The result will be enhances water recycling and re-use, decreased energy consumption, and production of useful by-products from the process as secondary resources. Thus, treated WW will be transformed to soil enrichment resource, to irrigation water, to aquaculture farm feed, via sustainable sanitation that safeguards the local drinking water supply in India.The starting point of the SWINGS project will be anaerobic digestion (AD) and constructed wetlands (CW) that will be configured with environmentally sustainable disinfection technologies, like water solar disinfection. Pilot plants will be designed and constructed in India that combine the treatment methods mentioned above, after which the new systems will be established in steady-state operation, and then, the AD-CW configurations optimized. Systems for disinfection of the effluent will be implemented and on-line monitoring of pathogen load attempted. Finally, life cycle assessment of several treatment configurations will be used to develop a decision support system for future selection of sustainable and efficient treatment technologies in developing countries like India. The project will publish articles and hold workshops in order to disseminate its results, especially to SMEs and to public authorities.”	none given	none given	none given
77190	608498	HERCULES	HIGH EFFICIENCY REAR CONTACT SOLAR CELLS AND ULTRA POWERFUL MODULES					2013-11-01	2016-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 10,263,640.77	€ 7,000,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2013.2.1.1	The European photovoltaics PV market still represents the predominant share of worldwide installations and electricity generated from PV is becoming increasingly competitive, with an average levelized cost of energy (LCOE) estimated to be between 0.10–0.16 €/kWh in 2011 . This constant reduction of LCOE means that the European industry can only regain its competitiveness with (i) a concomitant reduction of production and investment costs (current net price level ~0.8–1.0 €/Wp today) in Europe in order to face the strong price competition of emerging countries (China and Taiwan), (ii) investment in novel “advanced” industrial processes allowing for high efficiencies and low-cost device production (iii) the development of high-end tools and processes which are more difficult to master and duplicate, securing a technology leadership. These conditions are necessary to ensure sustainable PV technology production in Europe and the construction of a robust European PV industry able to beat international competition.However, ultra-high-efficiency PV devices require manufacturing processes that are increasingly complex, which results in an increase in the related investment and fabrication costs. Given that the market still requires a reduction of the technology price, we are left with a paradox, and we must find ways to produce high-efficiency devices with competitive industrial processes.The concept proposed by the HERCULES project is to develop innovative n-type monocrystalline c-Si device structures based on back-contact solar cells with alternative junction formation, as well as related structures including hybrid concepts (homo-heterojunction). These concepts are the most promising technologies to reach ultra-high efficiencies with industrially relevant processes. The HERCULES strategy is to transfer the developed processes to the industrial scale by considering all major cost drivers of the entire manufacturing process chain of modules.	none given	none given	none given
77269	227127	EPHOCELL	Smart light collecting system for the efficiency enhancement of solar cells					2009-02-01	2013-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,456,879.20	€ 2,500,293.72	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2008.10.1.2;NMP-2008-2.6-1	The main objective of this project is the study of the various intra and intermolecular energy transfers with the aims to modify the solar spectrum by means of an adequate molecular system. This will permit to improve the similitude between the solar radiation and the absorbance of the photovoltaic materials. This change of spectrum must be realized without significant loss of energy by means of energy up and down-conversion cascades supported by a photoluminescent compound able to emit in the maximum absorption band of the photovoltaic material. The concentration of the solar light wavelength in the absorption band of the photovoltaic material may determine an increase in the number of photons able to excite the photovoltaic compound. This will result in an improvement of the electrical energy delivered by the solar cell. The research and development to be realized during this project will be essentially centred on the studies of molecular mix able to generate adequate energy cascades and their evaluation in terms of efficiency and chemical stability. Another part of the work will consist in the development of coatings or plastics containing such molecular systems to be directly applied on the solar cells superficies for an in situ evaluation of the results and for a quick emergence of such light concentrating devices.	none given	none given	none given
77453	333948	FAST MOLECULAR WOCS	Fast Molecular WOCs					2013-04-01	2017-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 100,000.00	€ 100,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-CIG	This proposal focuses on a cutting-edge approach to the development of the next generation of molecular water oxidation catalysts (WOCs). Artificial water splitting is as an essential technology because it allows for the conversion of abundant solar energy and H2O to the carbon-neutral fuels O2 and H2. However, artificial water splitting technologies have been impeded by slow WOCs. To date, an unsystematic approach to designing WOCs has been taken. No attention has been directed towards how the intrinsic properties of the catalyst, such as oxidation state, spin state, d-electron count, and ligand field affect the catalytic activity. Additionally, the factors that affect O-O bond formation, the most demanding step in water oxidation catalysis, are poorly understood. Our key goals are to utilise a first principles, bottom-up approach to water oxidation catalyst design to develop the next generation of fast molecular WOCs. Specifically, we propose:1) To develop a family of ML complexes (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ru) utilising ligands (L) that enforce octahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and tetrahedral ligand fields; 2) To apply the family of ML complexes as WOCs in order to gauge how oxidation state, spin state, d-electron count, and ligand field, affect the catalytic activity; 3) To carry out detailed mechanistic investigations into O-O bond formation using the ML complexes.The CIG grant will play a major role for the applicant in his transition from an early career researcher to an independent, established European scientist with a higher research profile.The CIG will be the principle source of funding for lab supplies, equipment and travel for the researcher’s new group, and salary for the applicant, and two young researchers. The CIG will allow the applicant to more quickly attract other research grants and thus to contribute to EU research output. The CIG grant will thus provide the candidate with the launchpad for an independent career of scientific excellence in the EU.	none given	none given	none given
77481	265769	SMARTOP	Self powered vehicle roof for on-board comfort and energy saving					2010-11-01	2013-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 4,709,143.00	€ 2,858,791.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-TRANSPORT	GC-SST.2010.7-2.	The electrical loads of present automobiles are related to multimedia, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), body electronics (power windows and heated backlight) and lighting (exterior and interior) and their consumption is above 3 kW. A conventional vehicle with internal combustion engine uses part of the mechanical power (about 5 kW) to drive the mentioned on-board equipments through the alternator considering its efficiency of approximately 60%; regarding cabin heating, engine waste heat assures the cabin thermal comfort that requires 5-10 kW, while a mechanically driven vapour compression cycle guarantees the cabin cooling in summer, absorbing up to 3 kW electric and generating up to 5 kW of cooling power.On a FEV electrical auxiliaries are supplied by the batteries pack resulting in increased mass installed to guarantee reasonable covered ranges from 50 to 100 km; the power consumption of any kind of auxiliary contributes to reduce this range and to decrease the battery lifetime; moreover the amount of heat available for cabin heating is very small (less than 5 kW) and the energy available to supply an air conditioning system is far low than normally required by a conventional one.The concept addressed by SMARTOP is to develop an autonomous smart roof integrating solar cells (PV), energy storage systems and auxiliaries as thermoelectric (TE) climatic control, electrochromic (EC) glazing, courtesy LEDs lighting and actuators able to increase comfort and fuel economy for both fully electrical (FEV) and internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. SMARTOP addresses the needs of vehicle electrification integrating on board power hungry devices and matching the comfort and safety customer expectations.	none given	none given	none given
77523	273940	SANDPAPER	Synthesis and Assembly of Nanostructured Devices for Photovoltaic And Photocatalyic Energy Reservoirs					2012-09-26	2015-03-25	nan	FP7	€ 205,534.00	€ 205,534.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IOF	This proposal aims to develop a career path in academic and industrial research for the proposed fellow by immersing the proposed fellow in an advanced research environment in UC Berkeley, while working on a project that seeks to improve the state-of-the-art technology in renewable energy, an area of increasing importance. The over reliance on fossil fuels causes socio-economic problems, through environmental and sustainability issues. Photovoltaic (PV) and photocatalytic (PC) energy conversion are set to displace fossil fuels in energy production. Current PV devices have a high cost and long payback time due to the complicated techniques involved in production.II-VI semiconducting materials such as Cd(S,Se andTe) display excellent photovoltaic properties, enabling their use in high efficiency PV devices – properties significantly improved when in a low dimensional nanocrystal, such as nanorods (NRs). These NRs can be produced and organised using low-cost, low-energy solution-based methods. Current architecture of devices based on NRs limits efficiency.This project will improve efficiencies in these devices by altering the architecture. Langmuir-Shafer deposition will create II-VI NR/polymer devices with high interface area to maximize efficiency. Heterostructures of these materials will be used to photocatalytically split water in to oxygen and hydrogen – a clean fuel alternative, circumventing electrical engineering problems inherent in PV devices. Micelle formation through phase exchange will improve efficiency over existing PC devices by increased light scattering. These structures can also be made into discrete PV devices, which can be assembled into cooperative large scale devices.The fellow will also acquire complementary skills that will enable him to become an effective researcher through training courses and one-on-one interactions in an international environment and will be re-integrated in a research in Ireland that will utilize the skills acquired.	none given	none given	none given
77621	312314	CONVENIENT	COmplete Vehicle Energy-saving Technologies for Heavy-Trucks					2012-11-01	2016-04-30	nan	FP7	€ 16,665,723.20	€ 9,897,169.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-TRANSPORT	GC.SST.2012.2-2.	The CONVENIENT project targets a 30% reduction of fuel consumption in vehicles for long-distance freight transport by developing an innovative heavy-truck archetype featuring a suite of innovative energy-saving technologies and solutions.From the customer viewpoint, fuel efficiency is top priority because of its significant impact in terms of cost (in the EU, fuel represents about 30% of the Total Operating Costs for a 40-ton tractor-semitrailer combination).Responding to this challenge, the objective of CONVENIENT is to achieve complete vehicle energy management by proposing highly innovative solutions for improved efficiency and enhanced integration of components (currently designed independently) which will be developed, integrated and evaluated directly on validator vehicles, including:• innovative energy efficient systems, including hybrid transmission, electrified auxiliaries, dual level cooling, parking HVAC• energy harvesting devices, like photovoltaic solar roof for truck and semitrailer;• advanced active and passive aerodynamics devices for the truck and for the semitrailer:• an Holistic Energy Management system at vehicle level;• a Predictive Driver Support to maximize the energy saving benefits.• a novel Hybrid Kinetic Energy Recovery System for the semitrailer.The most relevant and novel aspect of CONVENIENT is represented by the holistic approach to on-board energy management, considering the tractor, semi-trailer, driver and the mission as a whole.The CONVENIENT Consortium, which comprises three major EU truck manufacturers, ten Tier 1/2 suppliers, and a network of nine research centres and Universities, representing European excellence in the field of long distance transport R&D, is uniquely well-qualified with respect to the project scope and the highly ambitious target of achieving 30% gains in vehicle efficiency.	none given	none given	none given
77729	308952	OMSOP	Optimised Microturbine Solar Power system					2013-02-01	2017-07-31	nan	FP7	€ 5,842,929.02	€ 4,422,818.80	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2012.2.5.1	The overall objective of this project is to provide and demonstrate technical solutions for the use of state-of-the-art concentrated solar power system (CSP) coupled to micro-gas turbines (MGT) to produce electricity. The intended system will be modular and capable of producing electricity in the range of 3-10 kW. The aim is to make such a system available to provide energy needs for domestic and small commercial applications. For larger energy needs, the units can be stacked by virtue of their modular nature. It can be integrated with medium and long term energy storage and/or co-firing with conventional fuels. The primary technical challenge is to enable the production of small scale cost effective, efficient, reliable and easy to maintain units. To achieve these objectives, research and development will be conducted in all aspects of the system leading to a full scale demonstration. The parabolic dish concentrator technology will be improved to reduce weight, improve tracking system and increase concentration ratio. A receiver suitable for this application will be optimised. This requires the development of absorption materials and improving heat transfer and cooling technology. A novel feature of this project is the replacement of the Stirling engine which is typically used in this size of application, to convert thermal energy to mechanical power, with an MGT. Stirling engines suffer from problems such as high cost, complexity and poor reliability. A recently developed MGT will be optimised in conjunction with the CSP system. The demonstration activity will focus testing on the primary components. Although thermal storage and hybridisation with other fuels are beyond the scope of this project in terms of demonstration, they will be considered in the overall system optimisation from both technical and economic points of view.	none given	none given	none given
78015	256830	HITECO	New solar collector concept for high temperature operation in CSP applications					2010-11-01	2014-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 5,224,721.40	€ 3,298,299.85	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2010.2.5-2	In order to accelerate the implementation of the CSP technology, the electricity cost has to be reduced by increasing the plants’ efficiency. The HITECO Project aims at doing so by increasing the operating temperature of the heat transfer fluid (HTF) up to 600ºC and therefore raising the overall efficiency of the process. The current state-of-the-art designs are prevented to reach such temperatures without a dramatic efficiency drop by several key components. The HITECO design will re-assess all these concepts and research on new solutions that will allow the HTF to reach the aforementioned temperature and the overall process to increase its performance at the same time. In order to develop such a receiver, several research lines will have to be explored. Research on new materials and deposition methods will be developed in order to provide a system that will be able to endure such temperatures and maintain the optical, mechanical and thermal performance of the receiver; a new vacuum system will be introduced to maintain and monitor an acceptable vacuum level and the desired composition inside the tubes; new HTFs will have to be researched; and new supports, union systems and contact points will be developed in order to better accommodate the thermal expansion of the steel and the glass tubes. All these new concepts and designs will be validated through several modelling approaches and also through off-sun and field tests. The new design will also be assessed from a manufacturing point of view, in order to achieve a product that is easier and cheaper to fabricate, to assemble and to commission.In order to achieve these ambitious goals, the HITECO consortium brings together industrial partners and research organizations. With the successful development of the HITECO concept, the efficiency of CSP plants will be increased, thus contributing to a reduction of the produced electricity cost and therefore accelerating the implementation of this technology.	none given	none given	none given
78175	282677	STORRE	High temperature thermal energy Storage by Reversible thermochemical Reaction					2012-09-01	2016-06-30	nan	FP7	€ 2,917,017.00	€ 2,204,501.60	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2011.2.5-1	StoRRe proposal concerns the area of thermal energy storage by chemical reaction for concentrated solar power plants (CSP). The objective of the project is to develop a new and promising solution for the heat storage with the following characteristics: Mid-term (24h to few days) up to long-term (several months) heat storage High storage density (300-500 kWh∙m3), High temperatures (300-550°C), which are representative of the CSP plants with cylinder-parabolic or CLFR technologies.The objective of the StoRRe project is to develop and quantify, at a pilot scale, the interest of a thermochemical storage solution with the dehydration of Ca(OH)2, and to study the development opportunity at the pre-industrial scale.The consortium is composed of a major industrial manufacturer involved in the CSP business, a SME developping innovative solar and biomass technologies and three research centres.	none given	none given	none given
78238	622533	INPHOFLEX	INTEGRATION OF PHOTONIC NANOSTRUCTURES IN FLEXIBLE DYE SOLAR CELLS					2014-09-01	2016-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 173,370.60	€ 173,370.60	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IIF	It is the main goal of this project to bring to the host institution and the European Research Area the knowledge and technology to prepare current record flexible dye sensitized photovoltaic devices, previously developed by the candidate in South Korea and then the USA, in order to be able to further improve them, while endowing them with semi-transparency, using stretchable and bendable optical materials. The candidate has demonstrated that several key materials and processes provide better performance of bendable dye solar cells, i.e., enhanced efficiency and flexibility, by allowing the preparation of electrodes in which the electron diffusion length is longer and charge collection efficiency is consequently enhanced. However, highly efficient dye solar cells are opaque as a consequence of the particular diffuse scattering design employed to improve light absorption, which limits their application in building or automotive integrated photovoltaics. This proposal seeks to solve such drawback by introducing photonic nanostructures in different configurations, yielding both light harvesting enhancement and preserving transparency, hence placing Europe at the forefront of research in this specific area within the field of renewable energy.This final goal will be attempted through different approaches, each one challenging from the materials science perspective. Preparation of such highly efficient and transparent devices will combine the flexible solar cell processing tools previously developed by the candidate with the versatile optical material preparation techniques pioneered by the host institution. More specifically, integration of novel porous flexible photonic structures into the light harvesting layer, use of flexible mirrors attached to the back of the counter-electrode, and designed distribution of scatterers will be employed to reach the target.	none given	none given	none given
78319	309028	BIOSTIRLING-4SKA	A cost effective and efficient approach for a new generation of solar dish-Stirling plants based on storage and hybridization					2013-06-01	2017-04-30	nan	FP7	€ 5,258,418.97	€ 3,433,106.37	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2012.2.5.1	In the context of the Energy SET-Plan of the European Commission relevant research and developments channelled to increase the percentage of renewable energy sources. It is crucial the collaboration of the Industry, SME’s and research institutions to bring together the step forward to finally integrate renewable energies as the main source of electricity.Renewable energies represent a wide field upon which international research needs to be focused. The necessity has been envisaged by the BIOSTIRLING consortium and it has been supported by the synergies found with the large-scale international project SKA. The SKA antennas and reception centres, constitute a continental scale sensor network. Aligned with the trend of renewable resources, the overall objective of the project is to implement a cost effective and efficient new generation of solar dish-Stirling plant based on hybridization and efficient storage at the industrial scale.In order to achieve successfully the ambitious objective, the collaboration performed by the consortium will take the advantage of the expertise of the members in the developing of a Solar Dish/Stirling system, which besides being more operative in terms of construction, transportation and commissioning, it will be more efficient than actual systems because an innovative storage device and a bio-hybrid energy collector will be developed to guarantee the electricity supply independently on time and weather conditions. Increased modularity of the system will enable the Solar Dish/Stirling system to act as an energy supplier not only to the grid but also in specific uses as supplying energy to the SKA project, which sets the most challenging power requirements of any Large Research Facility.	none given	none given	none given
78400	325320	SOL2HY2	Solar To Hydrogen Hybrid Cycles					2013-06-01	2016-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 3,727,404.20	€ 1,991,115.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-JTI	SP1-JTI-FCH.2012.2.5	The FCH JU strategy has identified hydrogen production by water decomposition pathways powered by renewables such as solar energy to be a major component for sustainable and carbon-free hydrogen supply. Solar-powered thermo-chemical cycles are capable to directly transfer concentrated sunlight into chemical energy by a series of chemical and electrochemical reactions, and of these cycles, hybrid-sulphur (HyS) cycle was identified as the most promising one.The challenges in HyS remain mostly in dealing with materials (electrolyser, concentrator, acid decomposer/cracker and plant components) and with the whole process flowsheet optimization, tailored to specific solar input and plant site location. With recent technology level at large-scale hydrogen production concepts hydrogen costs are unlikely to go below 3.0-3.5 €/kg. For smaller scale plant, the costs of hydrogen might be substantially higher.The present proposal focuses on applied, bottle-necks solving, materials research and development and demonstration of the relevant-scale key components of the solar-powered, CO2-free hybrid water splitting cycles, complemented by their advanced modeling and process simulation including conditions and site-specific technical-economical assessment optimization, quantification and benchmarking. For the short-term integration of solar-power sources with new Outotec Open Cycle will be performed. Simplified structure, extra revenues from acid sales and highly efficient co-use of the existing plants may drop hydrogen costs by about 50-75% vs. traditional process designs.Besides providing key materials and process solutions, for the first time the whole production chain and flowsheet will be connected with multi-objective design and optimization algorithms ultimately leading to hydrogen plants and technology “green concepts” commercialization.The consortium consists of key materials suppliers and process development SME and industry, RTD performers and a university.	none given	none given	none given
78500	330946	NANO-FCSC	Engineering of Nanocomposites for a New Energy Conversion Device Joining Fuel Cell and Solar Cell					2013-05-01	2016-03-14	nan	FP7	€ 207,613.20	€ 207,613.20	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF	The overall aim of the Nano-FCSC project is to develop and engineer functional nanocomposite materials for a novel energy conversion technology, which combines the principle of both fuel cell and solar cell, and investigate scientific principles and device mechanisms, including ion and electron transport. Targets of the project are strongly innovative methodologies for the preparation, characterization, testing of advanced nanocomposite materials for joint fuel cell and solar cell device. This project is a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research encompassing nanotechnology, materials synthesis, materials characterization, thin film fabrication, device fabrication and performance test (fuel cell and solar cell) and modelling activities. Therefore, the experienced researcher will have exposure to a wide range of experts on nanoscience, fuel cell, solar cell, applied physics and modelling during the whole course of project development. Besides, Nano-FCSC project will generate new fundamental knowledge and foster new prospects and frontiers in the field of fuel cell, solar cell and nanotechnology.	none given	none given	none given
78526	212508	SOLARH2	European Solar-Fuel Initiative – Renewable Hydrogen from Sun and Water. Science Linking Molecular Biomimetics and Genetics					2008-02-01	2012-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 5,533,970.00	€ 3,927,810.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY-2007-3.5-01	SOLAR-H2 brings together 12 world-leading European laboratories to carry out integrated, basic research aimed at achieving renewable hydrogen (H2) production from environmentally safe resources. The vision is to develop novel routes for the production of a Solar-fuel, in our case H2, from the very abundant, effectively inexhaustible resources, solar energy and water. Our multidisciplinary expertise spans from molecular biology, biotechnology, via biochemistry and biophysics to organo-metallic and physical chemistry. The project integrates two frontline research topics: artificial photosynthesis in man-made biomimetic systems, and photobiological H2 production in living organisms. H2 production by these methods on a relevant scale is still distant but has a vast potential and is of utmost importance for the future European economy. The scientific risk is high – the research is very demanding. Thus, our overall objective now, is to explore, integrate and provide the basic science necessary to develop these novel routes and advance them toward new horizons. Along the first track, the knowledge gained from biochemical/biophysical studies of efficient enzymes will be exploited by organometallic chemists to design and synthesize bio-mimetic compounds for artificial photosynthesis. The design of these molecules is based on molecular knowledge about how natural photosynthesis works and how hydrogenase enzymes form H2. Along the second track, we perform research and development on the genetic level to increase our understanding of critical H2 forming reactions in photosynthetic alga and cyanobacteria. These studies are directly aimed at the improvement of the H2 producing capability of the organisms using novel genetic and metabolic engineering. The project also involves research aimed at demonstrating the concept of photobiological H2 production in photobioreactors.	none given	none given	none given
78540	286933	E-SIGNAGE	Electronic paper message board for outdoor use with carbon NanoBud display module and GPRS I/O layer					2011-11-01	2013-04-30	nan	FP7	€ 1,497,650.88	€ 1,168,800.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2011-1	“The general objective of the “Electronic paper message board for outdoor use with carbon NanoBud display module and GPRS I/O layer” (E-SIGNAGE) project is to develop a large area, low-cost, high brightness and contrast level, robust, energy efficient (bi-stable; no backlight needed), high information content two-colour electronic outdoor message board that is able to receive data via GSM communication and uses solar energy as a power source.Twist-ball e-paper material developed by Invent Research OÜ (coordinator; SME, Estonia) has the principle capabilities to meet all the quality requirements set by the end-users for active front-plane layers of outdoor electronic signage and message boards (OEMBs). It is potentially highly robust and flexible, has high bi-stability, wide operating temperatures and low production costs. In addition the material is video capable that widens the usage areas of OEMBs. Carbon nanomaterials (Carbon nanotubes and NanoBuds™) developed by Canatu (partner; SME, Finland) have the principle capabilities to meet all the quality requirement set by end-users for the transparent electrode front-plane layers and thin film transistor backplane layers of OEMBs. Canatu’s nanocarbon films are highly robust and flexible, have high carrier mobility, on-off ratios and exceptional optical properties such as high transparency, colour neutrality and excellent index matching. Moreover, Canatu’s Direct Dry Printing technology allows low cost, high volume production.Further development of Invent Research’s and Canatu’s materials in combination with the existing OEMB components will enable the partners of the proposal to develop autonomous and good picture quality OEMB applications. It would be necessary to develop the quality characteristics (brightness and contrast level, resolution, stability in time and in UV light) of the e-paper material (front-plane) for using in OEMBs; develop carbon nanomaterials based front-plane electrodes and backplane transistors; integrate the front-planes/backplanes with other OEMB components; and develop the necessary software.”	none given	none given	none given
78550	267563	FUBSSY	Functional Biosupramolecular Systems: Photosystems and Sensors					2011-01-01	2015-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,906,200.00	€ 1,906,200.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-AG-PE5	The general objective of this proposal is to discover access to ordered, soft and smart matter for use in materials sciences (e.g. molecular optoelectronics, organic solar cells), biology, medicine and chemistry.Specific aim 1 focuses on two complementary approaches (zipper assembly; self-organizing surface-initiated polymerization, SOSIP) to build artificial photosystems on solid surfaces, including supramolecular n/p-heterojunctions with oriented multicolor antiparallel redox gradients (“OMARG-SHJs”).Specific aim 2 is to create sensing systems in lipid bilayers that operate by pattern recognition with polyion/counterion complexes, and to apply the lessons learned to several interconnected topics (diagnostics, fluorescent membrane/nitrate probes, cellular uptake, organocatalysis with anion-À interactions).To address these challenges, crossfertilization at the interface of synthetic, supramolecular, biological and materials chemistry will be essential. To produce the broad horizons needed for crossfertilization, projects on different topics are run in parallel. The proposed approach builds in general on the distinguishing expertise of the (organic) chemist to create new matter, i.e., multistep organic synthesis. To identify significant, that is responsive or “smart” systems, the invention of functional feedback loops will be emphasized.Success with aim 1 will provide general solutions to key problems (OMARG-SHJs, SOSIP) and thus lead to broad applications (including high-efficiency organic photovoltaics and dye-sensitized solar cells). Success with aim 2 will afford synthetic sensing systems that operate, closer than ever, like the membrane-based mammalian olfactory and gustatory systems and open new approaches to crossdisciplinary topics as specified above.	none given	none given	none given
78586	275871	SupraL_SAS	Supramolecular Active Layer, Self-Assembly on Surface					2011-06-01	2013-05-31	nan	FP7	€ 178,101.60	€ 178,101.60	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IEF	The objective of this proposal is to improve the efficiencies of organic solar cells using bio-inspired architectures. The high efficiencies of natural photosystems arise from their well-defined multichromophoric structures, which allow energy transfer processes to operate over long distances from the light-harvesting chromophores to the reaction centre. Similarly, highly organised redox pathways allow the electrons and holes generated by the photosynthetic process to travel through antiparallel pathways so suppressing charge recombination. Here, we propose the preparation of organized multichromophoric artificial photosystems to act as n/p-heterojunctions in photovoltaic devices. These assemblies will be prepared by self-organizing surface-initiated polymerization (SOSIP) of phthalocyanine and perylenediimide-based dyes, forming separate pathways for hole and electron transport. These architectures will be characterized using a number of specialist techniques to establish structure-property relationships, and ultimately optimize the systems for practical applications.	none given	none given	none given
78632	307315	SOLARX	Riddle of light induced degradation in silicon photovoltaics					2013-01-01	2017-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 845,770.00	€ 845,770.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-PE8	The sun provides enough energy in one minute to supply the world’s energy needs for one year. The grand challenge is to turn this enormous energy potential into electricity in a cost-efficient way. So far, silicon has been most successful at this – but we are still very far away from what is achievable. One of the major problems, which is currently limiting the state-of-the-art photovoltaic solar cells, is related to the material degradation under sun light. I address this issue from a novel perspective: I study the possibility that the root cause for the degradation is related to the interaction of light with copper ions.The cornerstone of the proposal is to transfer my special knowhow from microelectronics to photovoltaics related to controlling copper behaviour in silicon. My proposal is against the commonly accepted theory, however, it could unveil many mysteries related to the degradation phenomenon. Moreover, if successful, the approach could lead to a rather simple solution in avoiding power loss: implementing charge on the surface to attract the copper ions. In this project I aim at verifying my hypotheses, formulating a new theory regarding the chemical reactions behind the degradation and finally demonstrating a method that allows fabrication of stable yet cheap silicon solar cells having potential for more than 30% power increase.	none given	none given	none given
78674	269279	NANOCIS	Development of a new generation of CIGS-based solar cells					2011-05-01	2015-04-30	nan	FP7	€ 430,500.00	€ 430,500.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2010-IRSES	The main objective of NanoCIS is the establishment of a cooperative partnership between research organizations through a joint program of exchange of researchers for developing a new generation of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells. This new generation of PV solar cells will be based in approaches involving the use of new materials with high conversion efficiencies and low-cost fabrication techniques.The broad aim is the theoretical and experimental design, synthesis and characterization of new advanced materials, based on chalcopyrites absorbers, allowing the manufacture of an intermediate band solar cell. New concepts such as Intermediate band and luminescent materials for further development of CIGS solar cells are going to be investigated. This new class of materials has been predicted theoretically as potential candidates for providing very high efficiency (63%) in solar energy conversion. According to present knowledge, this compounds based on chalcogenide-type semiconductors are quite novel as general materials, especially in their application to solar energy.Electrodeposition (ED) is the technique chosen for developing such approaches. ED is essentially a non-vacuum approach to fabricate high quality thin-film materials for PV modules that could lower the manufacturing costs by over 50% and increase the PV module efficiencies. The ED technique offers the most attractive range of benefits leading to the low cost fabrication of PV cells, such as high rate of deposition, high resolution, high shape fidelity, self purification, scalability and good compatibility with existing processes. ED adds another cost effective step in low-cost solar cell because the transparent conducting oxide layers (TCO) can be deposited by the same method. The use of inline processing through an exclusively non-vacuum technique will further contribute to the improvement of device performance.	none given	none given	none given
78695	308518	CYANOFACTORY	Design, construction and demonstration of solar biofuel production using novel (photo)synthetic cell factories					2012-12-01	2015-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 3,914,852.40	€ 2,997,464.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2012.10.2.1	CyanoFactory brings together ten selected leading, highly complementary European partners with the aim to carry out integrated, fundamental research aiming at applying synthetic biology principles towards a cell factory notion in microbial biotechnology. The vision is to build on recent progress in synthetic biology and develop novel photosynthetic cyanobacteria as chassis to be used as self-sustained cell factories in generating a solar fuel. This will include the development of a toolbox with orthogonal parts and devices for cyanobacterial synthetic biology, improvement of the chassis enabling enhanced growth and robustness in challenging environmental conditions, establishment of a data warehouse facilitating the modelling and optimization of cyanobacterial metabolic pathways, and strong and novel bioinformatics for effective data mining. To reach the goal, a combination of basic and applied R&D is needed; basic research to design and construct the cyanobacterial cells efficiently evolving H2 from the endless resources solar energy and water, and applied research to design and construct the advanced photobioreactors that efficiently produce H2. Biosafety is of highest concern and dedicated efforts will be made to address and control cell survival and death. The aim, to develop a (photo)synthetic cell factory, will have an enormous impact on the future options and possibilities for renewable solar fuel production. The consortium includes academic, research institute and industry participants with the direct involvement of two SMEs in the advanced photobioreactor design, construction and use. Purpose-designed, specifically engineered self-sustained cells utilising solar energy and CO2 from the air, may be the mechanisms and processes by which we generate large scale renewable energy carriers in our future societies. CyanoFactory offers Europe the possibility to take a lead, and not only follow, in these very important future and emerging technologies!	none given	none given	none given
78696	248909	LIMA	Improve Photovoltaic efficiency by applying novel effects at the limits of light to matter interaction					2010-01-01	2012-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,186,950.00	€ 2,375,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	ICT-2009.3.8	The LIMA project exploits cutting edge photonic technologies to enhance silicon solar cell efficiencies with new concepts in nanostructured materials. It proposes nano-structured surface layers designed to increase light absorption in the solar cell while decreasing surface and interface recombination loss. Integration in a back contact design further reduces these interface losses and avoids shading.The project improves light-matter interaction by the use a surface plasmonic nanoparticle layer. This reduces reflection and efficiently couples incident radiation into the solar cell where it is trapped by internal reflection.Surface and interface recombination are minimised by using silicon quantum dot superlattices in a passivating matrix. The distance between quantum dots ensures wave-function overlap and good conductivity. An effective field at the superlattice – crystalline silicon interface ensures that the cell is insensitive to the recombination velocity at this heterojunction, and further increases the collection probability in the quantum dot layer.The dots allow a fundamental efficiency enhancement due to experimentally confirmed multiple exciton generation. This mechanism increases photocurrent and can in theory raise the theoretical single junction efficiency limit from 33% to 44%.These surface plasmonic and quantum dot layers are integrated in a high efficiency crystalline silicon back contact cell. This is designed such that the space charge region is separated from the superlattice – crystalline silicon heterojunction minimising non radiative space-charge recombination. The back contacts and dielectric electrical insulator are designed to maximise back surface reflection and enhance the light trapping of incident radiation without shading losses.The project combines expertise between academic and industrial partners. The goal is a high efficiency cell using novel concepts to enhance proven cell designs.	none given	none given	none given
78782	337328	NANOENABLEDPV	Novel Photovoltaics Enabled by Nanoscience					2013-08-01	2018-07-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,499,310.00	€ 1,499,310.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-SG-PE5	The “NanoEnabledPV” research program will exploit the fundamental benefits of nanomaterials and address their challenges to make low-cost solar cells a reality. NanoEnabledPV contains three focus areas necessary to reach our goal:1)“Nano surface doping” – surface-controlled nanomaterial properties. We will explore using charged surface oxides and surface ligands with dipole moments as a novel doping mechanism. We will make the first nanowire solar cell using a surface “p-n” junction. The lessons learned from single nanowire studies will be extended to make large-scale, high efficiency metal-insulator-semiconductor solar cells.2)“Solar highways” – metal nanowire core-semiconductor shell photovoltaics. We will examine the optical and electrical properties of silver and copper nanowires coated with various semiconductor shells for the first time. This novel device structure can achieve complete absorption using 10 times thinner semiconductor layers compared to standard thin-film structures and also enables facile charge extraction via the metal core.3)“Nanophotography” – hierarchical synthesis and assembly based on optical resonances in nanostructures. We will develop a new type of mask-free photolithography in solution with resolution far below the diffraction limit. This will enable rational, large-scale synthesis of ordered hierarchical structures that can be assembled into complex 3-D networks.Together, these programs that sit at the intersection of physics, chemistry, materials science and engineering will provide the active light-absorbing materials needed for next generation solar energy conversion schemes, a deep understanding of how they work at the nanoscale and methods for integrating them into macroscale devices. We are requesting 1.5 Million Euros over a period of 5 years that will be used to hire 2 PhD students, 2 postdoctoral researchers and buy the equipment needed to build a unique nanowire solar cell fabrication and analysis lab.	none given	none given	none given
78784	267634	PLASMETA	Plasmonic Metamaterials					2011-07-01	2016-06-30	nan	FP7	€ 2,286,000.00	€ 2,286,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-AG-PE3	IIn this program I will demonstrate control of light at length scales well below the free-space wavelength, leading to entirely new fundamental phenomena and important applications. The research program is built on specially engineered metamaterials composed of metal nanostructures that support surface plasmons that are embedded in a dielectric. The program is composed of three strongly related topics:1) I will experimentally demonstrate an entirely new class of optical metamaterials that posses a refractive index that can be tuned over a very large range: -10 < n < +10. Based on coupled plasmonic waveguides, these materials will, for the first time, show true left-handed behaviour of light (n < 0) in the UV/blue spectral range. I will demonstrate negative refraction of light and use these materials to demonstrate the “perfect lens” which enables sub-wavelength imaging of (biological) nanostructures.2) I will use plasmonic metamaterials to engineer the flow of light in thin-film solar cells. By controlling the scattering and trapping of light using plasmonic nanostructures integrated with semiconductor waveguide slabs I will demonstrate ultra-thin solar cells with efficient collection and conversion of infrared light, aiming at beating the ergodic light trapping limit.3) I will demonstrate strong coupling between light and mechanical motion in the smallest possible volume. Light trapped in plasmonic metamaterials exerts a force that can lead to a shift in the plasmonic resonance frequency which in turn provides feedback on the mechanical motion. We will use this nanoscale coupling mechanism to actively cool and heat mechanical motion in plasmonic nanostructures and use this phenomenon in a new type of plasmon-based quartz oscillator.	none given	none given	none given
79014	309194	GLOBASOL	Global solar spectrum harvesting through highly efficient photovoltaic and thermoelectric integrated cells					2013-03-01	2016-02-29	nan	FP7	€ 3,972,560.00	€ 2,995,040.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2012.10.2.1	GLOBASOL will develop new concepts, materials and devices for advanced light harvesting and light management for a panchromatic collection of the solar energy and an unprecedented power conversion efficiency. This will be accomplished by integrating in a single device three light-to-electricity converters, exploiting different regions of the solar spectrum based on sensitized mesoscopic solar cells (SMSC), photonic crystals, thermoelectric (TE) cells. The key elements of the project are: 1) new absorbers for SMSC, with a very high conversion efficiency in the UV-vis region; 2) novel photonic materials for the collection/split of the IR spectrum; 3) advanced nanostructured materials for TE conversion of the IR part of the spectrum; 4) radically new architectures for the integrated devices, to increase the total efficiency. The innovative materials will include organometallics, organic dyes and quantum dots as sensitizers, quasi-solid electrolytes, nanostructures and nanowires alloys as well as quantum dots for TE. The devices will be engineered either in tandem arrangements or with optical splitting of the incident radiation, and concentration of the IR fraction to the TE. The targeted power conversion efficiencies are above 15% and 10% for SMSC in high and medium energy spectral regions, respectively, and 6% for TE, to reach a global efficiency above 30%, well beyond the present limits, along with cost-effectiveness and environmental safety. Five Universities and one Research Institution guarantee a scientific and technological multidisciplinary research, based on top level theoretical and experimental approaches. The high degree of knowledge in solid-state physics and chemistry, nanoscience and nanotechnology and engineering of the researchers assures that the new concepts and the objectives proposed will be successfully developed/pursued. A high-tech SME will provide proof-of-concept prototypes to validate the innovative GLOBASOL devices.	none given	none given	none given
79027	248855	nanophotonics4energy	Nanophotonics for Energy Efficiency					2010-01-01	2015-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,356,946.00	€ 2,900,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	ICT-2009.3.8	The Nanophotonics for Energy Efficiency proposal aims to create a virtual centre of excellence to re-orient and focus nanophotonics research towards the challenges in energy efficient applications. The network will cluster nanophotonic laboratories and research groups in Europe combining their expertise in the development of disruptive approaches to lighting and solar cell technology. The consortium consolidates know-how and resources of 9 different institutions in 6 European countries with complimentary research and development expertise, integrating more than 130 scientists, engineers, technicians and managers in nanophotonics.The project pursues a scientific bottom-up approach to ensure that novel ideas and scientific breakthroughs as well as established proof-of-concepts in academia are promoted along the value chain towards reaching their eventual goal of commercialization. Market and industrial relevance is ensured through the involvement of industry leaders in the Advisory Board. This approach complements the existing top-down, industry-driven projects like e.g. OLED100.eu.The project intends to achieve the overall long-term integration goal by coordinating three main efforts:1.\tRealising a strategy for successful integration: creation of new research clusters and a virtual laboratory network that will lead to the creation of a lasting entity that will exist beyond the duration of this NoE2.\tEstablishing joint research: foster collaborations among the leading groups in nanophotonics for energy efficiency, interchanging knowledge and best practices, and paving the way towards the establishment of common research agendas3.\tSpreading knowledge: education and training specially geared towards young researchers and technicians – both on S&T issues as well as on complementary skills like communication, business, entrepreneurial or IPR skills – and dissemination towards the scientific community, industry, and the public in general	none given	none given	none given
79078	314068	TREASORES	Transparent Electrodes for Large Area, Large Scale Production of Organic Optoelectronic Devices					2012-11-01	2015-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 13,998,934.00	€ 9,092,655.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	FoF-ICT-2011.7.2	TREASORES will demonstrate the production of large area organic electronics using high throughput manufacturing technologies based on roll-to-roll (R2R) wet deposition processes. In particular, by developing large area (>1m2) transparent conducting barrier foils which will be used for the production of flexible organic light-emitting devices (OLED), light-emitting electrochemical devices (LEC) and flexible organic photovoltaics (OPV). This industry-driven project is a sustainable approach towards low cost production of organic thin film optoelectronic devices using low-temperature (<180°C) fabrication methods.TREASORES has a comprehensive, systematic approach including the fabrication of three 3 substrate and barrier layers, 4 novel transparent electrode layers, high-performance devices (Eff. >25 lm/W for OLED and LEC; Eff.>5%) made from organic semiconductors as well as reliable encapsulation (LEC lifetime>5000h, OLED lifetime >10000h). Testing, reliability validation and disposal issues are an integral part of the project. A key objective is to demonstrate the scale-up of novel flexible, transparent (Tr>90%) and conductive (R< 10/square) substrates to replace the widespread use of indium tin oxide (ITO). To keep production costs low (190 < €/m2), roll-to-roll processes will be applied all the way from the manufacturing of components to devices. Emphasis will be given to organic semiconductors that have proven to be efficient and stable on the laboratory scale. Scale-up of device area (>100cm2) to high throughput production (web speed >1m/min.) without degradation of performance or yield is a key objective of the project. Flexible encapsulation foils shall use the most advanced barrier materials and will be made available in large enough surface area to be compatible with prototype device fabrication on a pilot scale.Exploitation is ensured by the participation of manufacturers concerned with OLED, LEC and OPV devices, by the clear pathway from laboratory development to pilot production (using the same processes) and by the extensive experience of the academic partners in collaborating with industry.	none given	none given	none given
79082	309530	PLIANT	Process Line Implementation for Applied Surface Nanotechnologies					2013-02-01	2017-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 13,604,935.73	€ 9,066,110.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP.2012.1.4-1	In this proposed integrating project we will develop innovative in-line high throughput manufacturing technologies which are all based on atmospheric pressure (AP) vapour phase surface and on AP plasma processing technologies. Both approaches have significant potential for the precise synthesis of nano-structures with tailored properties, but their effective simultaneous combination is particularly promising. We propose to merge the unique potential of atmospheric pressure atomic layer deposition (AP-ALD), with nucleation and growth chemical vapour deposition (AP-CVD) with atmospheric pressure based plasma technologies e.g. for surface nano-structuring by growth control or chemical etching and, sub-nanoscale nucleation (seed) layers. The potential for cost advantages of such an approach, combined with the targeted innovation, make the technology capable of step changes in nano-manufacturing. Compatible with high volume and flexible multi-functionalisation, scale-up to pilot-lines will be a major objective. Pilot lines will establish equipment platforms which will be targeted for identified, and substantial potential applications, in three strategically significant industrial areas: (i) energy storage by high capacity batteries and hybridcapacitors with enhanced energy density, (ii) solar energy production and, (iii) energy efficient (lightweight) airplanes.A further aim is to develop process control concepts based on in-situ monitoring methods allowing direct correlation of synthesis parameters with nanomaterial structure and composition. Demonstration of the developed on-line monitoring tools in pilot lines is targeted.The integrating project targets a strategic contribution to establishing a European high value added nano-manufacturing industry. New, cost efficient production methods will improve quality of products in high market value segments in industries such as renewable energy production, energy storage, aeronautics, and space.DoW adaptations being made responding on requests from Phase-2 Evaluation ReportIn Phase-2 of the evaluation process, a number of points were noted by the evaluators where the project had insufficient information or could benefit from “upgrading” or justification. Our response and actions against each point raised has been summarized and send to the project officer, Dr. Rene Martins, in a separate document.	none given	none given	none given
79152	214134	N2P	FLEXIBLE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES AND EQUIPMENT BASED ON ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE PLASMA PROCESSING FOR 3D NANO STRUCTURED SURFACES					2008-06-01	2012-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 10,447,885.73	€ 7,400,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP-2007-3.5-1	Outstanding progress has been made in recent years in developing novel structures and applications for direct fabrication of 3D nanosurfaces. However, exploitation is limited by lack of suitable manufacturing technologies. In this project we will develop innovative in-line high throughput technologies based on atmospheric pressure surface and plasma technologies. The two identified approaches to direct 3D nanostructuring are etching for manufacturing of nanostructures tailored for specific applications, and coating. Major impact areas were selected, demonstrating different application fields. Impact Area 1 focuses on structures for solar cell surfaces. Nanostructured surfaces have the potential to improve efficiencies of cells by up to 25% (rel), having dramatic impact on commercial viability. Impact Area 2 focuses on biocidal surface structures. Increasing concerns about infections leading to the conclusion, that only multi-action approaches for control of infection transfer can be effective. We plan to combine such surfaces with 3D nanostructures, which will both immobilise and deactivate pathogenic organisms on surfaces. Impact Area 3 is the direct growth of aligned carbon nanotubes on electrode surfaces. The material is under investigation for use in high load capacitors which are seen as key components for energy storage systems, e.g. for Hybrid Electric Vehicle. Impact Area 4 focuses on tailored interfaces to achieve durable adhesion on polymer surfaces by 3D nanostructuring and coating. Target is to reduce energy consumption by introducing lightweight materials. The N2P partners have been chosen to ensure a strong capability to exploit and disseminate the outcomes. Involved end-user industries represent high market value segments: photovoltaics, aeronautics, automotive, steel. The consortium includes 7 technology leading SMEs and 4 multi-national industries, cooperating with 9 institutes for industrial research and a public body from 8 European countries.	none given	none given	none given
79153	287568	FLEXIBILITY	Flexible Multifunctional Bendable Integrated Light-Weight Ultra-Thin Systems					2011-09-01	2015-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 7,016,076.00	€ 4,899,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	ICT-2011.3.6	FLEXIBILTIY aims at significantly advancing the competitiveness of Europe in the area of multifunctional, ultra-lightweight, ultra-thin and bendable OLAE systems. The developed OLAE components include disposable and rechargeable batteries, solar cells, DC charging electronics, loudspeakers, audio amplifiers, analogue signal generators, motion and temperature sensors, RF receiver circuits, as well as a touch screen. By combination of these components, a variety of novel multifunctional OLAE systems is enabled. Based on a fully printed sound module, the following complex demonstrators are developed:•\tTextile integrated audio module including broadcast radio and solar supply•\tActive receiver tag for wireless streaming of acoustic data and advertising•\tSecurity tag system with acoustic alarm, motion and/or temperature sensorsFor the realisation of these systems, the advantages of several flexible OLAE technologies are combined, while keeping cost issues in mind: e.g. a) R2R printing offering ultra-low costs per area for components requiring large areas (e.g. loudspeaker, high-power audio amplifiers and solar cells), 3-D integration, as well as the integration of heterogeneous devices on one single substrate; and b) compact (down to 10 micrometer gate length), super-fast (> 200 MHz transit frequency, mobilities > 10 cm2/Vs), low-loss IGZO thin-film technology to enable wireless communication systems. To make efficient circuit development in standard CAD tools possible, design-kits including scalable models and automated layout templates are developed. Interface and packaging issues are studied for full system integration on a common flexible foil enabling bending radii down to 1 cm. FLEXIBILITY combines the complementary competences of 3 large companies, 4 SMEs, 1 research institute and 3 universities. Involved countries are Austria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Greece and Switzerland.	none given	none given	none given
79155	283501	Fast Track	Accelerated development and prototyping of nano-technology-based high-efficiency thin-film silicon solar modules					2012-03-01	2015-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 12,882,464.92	€ 8,574,755.74	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	ENERGY.2011.2.1-2;NMP.2011.1.2-1	In recent years, the effort in thin-film silicon (TFSi) was made at solving industrialization issues. In 2010, several companies demonstrated 10% stable modules (> 1 m²). The major “bricks” for efficient production are now in place. Next challenges are linked to the fact that TFSi multi-junction devices, allowing for higher efficiency, are complex devices, in which the substrate geometry and each layer have an impact on the full device. This explains why the first industrializations focused on “single technology” roads (e.g., Jülich-AMAT or EPFL-Oerlikon approaches).This project focuses at bringing the next-generation technology to the market, using newly developed state-of-the art knowledge to solve the complex puzzle of achieving at the same time strong light in-coupling (high current) and good electrical properties (open-circuit voltage and fill factor). In a unique collaborative effort of the leading EU industries and research institutions in the field, the consortium will go beyond the current technology status by•Introducing novel materials, including multi-phase nanomaterials (such as doped nc-SiOx, high crystallinity nc-Si materials), stable top cell materials, nanoimprinted substrates and novel or adapted transparent conductive oxides;•Designing and implementing ideal device structures, taking into account the full interaction of layers in multi-junction devices;•Controlling the growth of active layers on textured materials;•Working at processes that could allow a further extension of the technology such as very high rate nc-Si deposition or multi-step superstrate etching;•Transferring processes, including static and dynamic plasma deposition, from the laboratory to pilot scale, with first trials in production lines.The targets of the project is to achieve solar cells with 14% stable efficiency, leading to the demonstration of reliable production size prototypes module at 12% level. Potential cost below 0.5€/Wp should be demonstrated.	none given	none given	none given
79169	295981	CONSTRUCT-PV	Constructing buildings with customizable size PV modules integrated in the opaque part of the building skin					2013-02-01	2017-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 11,707,677.18	€ 6,913,100.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2011.2.1-4	Construct-PV will develop and demonstrate customizable, efficient, and low cost BIPV for opaque surfaces of buildings. Opaque surfaces are selected because they represent massive wide-area spaces of untapped harvesting potential across Europe. To develop highly efficient systems, most promising PV technologies have been selected, i.e. back contact cells fabricated with MWT technology, extensively investigated by Fraunhofer in the last 3 years and heterojunction technology developed by Meyer Burger. These technologies allow more frontal surface area for energy harvesting leading to higher efficiency. To be attractive to the market, Construct-PV systems are multifunctional. Opaque surfaces present the opportunity to retrofit building envelopes at the same time of harvesting energy. To do this, Construct-PV consortium features Meyer Burger as a leading PV technology company, FRAUNHOFER as one of the main innovators in the PV-sector, TEGOLA as one of the main Italian providers of insulation and roofing elements and ZUEB as a leading construction company specialised in innovative façade solutions. By further developing and integrating the most promising technologies, the project will cover the last kilometre to market while keeping a pre-competitive nature. Construct-PV defines an integrated approach that streamlines the value chain by introducing BIM and CAD/CAM tools that enables customisable mass production by providing all the actors in the value chain with access to the same information. Thus, Construct-PV will be friendly for the majority of SMEs in the building value chain. Demonstration activities will cover each aspect of the value chain. Two large scale demonstration sites will allow architects to have the liberty to design solutions integrated with large districts. So, by choosing beautiful designed PV cell and module technology and by being customizable, Construct-PV is architect friendly.	none given	none given	none given
79239	309846	PCATDES	Photocatalytic Materials for the Destruction of Recalcitrant Organic Industrial Waste					2013-02-01	2017-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 5,148,336.61	€ 3,954,395.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP.2012.2.2-6	The project brings together a consortium of EU and ASEAN researchers with the aim of developing a solar powered photocatalytic waste-water treatment system capable of mineralising the recalcitrant organic matter that is not removed by current biological methods. With an emphasis on generating novel materials and new understandings of photocatalytic materials and processes, the interdisciplinary team aims to develop cost effective prototype photocatalytic reactors capable of deployment in remote areas and of treating contaminated water from small scale industrial producers at rates of up to 500 m3 of a day.	none given	none given	none given
79347	283062	LIGHT2CAT	Visible LIGHT Active PhotoCATalytic Concretes for Air pollution Treatment					2012-03-01	2015-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 4,979,563.87	€ 3,574,545.60	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENVIRONMENT	ENV.2011.3.1.9-1	The goal of Light2CAT is to develop new, highly efficient visible-light-activated titanium dioxide for inclusion in concretes to be used in structures across the whole of Europe to improve ambient air quality independent, for the first time, of local climate conditions. The need to improve air quality in European Countries has been identified as a major requirement to be achieved within the next decade in the effort to control climate change, a key Europe 2020 strategy, and to improve human health. Despite vigorous efforts to reduce levels of hazardous substances in the air, targets remain a challenge. One of the most valid sustainable technologies explored so far is photocatalytic concrete. This technology is proven to reduce the amount of hazardous air pollutants up to 80 % . It also imparts self-cleaning properties to built structures which has a secondary effect of reducing harsh cleaning chemicals entering the water systems. However, the titanium oxide based photocatalytic building materials are activated by ultraviolet light so, to date, such environmental benefits are limited to countries with a high incidence of sunlight. The concept of this project is to extend the use of photocatalytic concretes to the whole of Europe by developing materials that can also be activated by visible light . The aim is to remove climate and seasonal considerations from the use of the materials and, through higher conversion efficiencies of the catalytic components, to reduce production costs facilitating further take up of the technology within existing markets. The results of the project are initially focused on use within the transport infrastructure where the greatest impact is expected. The consortium is well conceived to achieve the results, comprising research centres leading research in these materials and industry partners including SMEs able to develop, demonstrate and market the new materials in the sector.	none given	none given	none given
79481	290022	ESTABLIS	Ensuring STABiLIty in organic Solar cells					2012-01-01	2015-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,870,292.89	€ 3,870,292.89	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2011-ITN	The Earth receives the energy in 1 hour required for all human needs in a year. Harvesting solar energy will reduce harmful CO2 emissions and resolve the forthcoming energy deficit that other sources alone cannot make up. The market for stable, cheap, roll-to-roll mass-produced organic solar cells (OSCs) is estimated at 1 billion Euros by 2016. The ITN ESTABLIS will produce a team of 11 ESRs and 4 ERs to harness this pivotal point in Europe’s development based on a reliable, economically powerful and clean resource.ESTABLIS will be an interdisciplinary and inter-sectorial research and training network. ESRs and ERs that result from ESTABLIS will excel. They will possess a broad skill-set across a range of disciplines that are of absolute necessity to develop the industrial and academic infra-structure in OSCs. Researchers will receive training in the primary areas of synthetic organic chemistry through complementary aspects of polymer science to complete industrial scale photovoltaic device manufacture. To improve the roll-to-roll engineering and stability of opto-electronically active thin-films will require new polymers, surface treatments, rheological appraisals of polymer processing, and ageing studies. A parallel approach will develop the necessary improvements in electronic and opto-electronic properties by clarifying correlations between charge transfer, photochemistry and stability. This project will be run by meticulously interacting groups to increase the stability of strong, flexible, low-cost OSCs to 10 years so that they can be sold on a mass-market basis.ESTABLIS is an exceptionally complementary consortium of field-leading University groups and the world’s chief Industrial companies, namely, the world’s foremost producers of OSCs, Konarka, of conducting polymers, Heraeus, and of semiconducting polymers, Merck. These key European companies are at the heart to ensure that training and technological developments will be industrially operable.	none given	none given	none given
79529	613055	GEMINI	GErmanium MId-infrared plasmoNIcs for sensing					2014-02-01	2017-01-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,267,220.00	€ 1,737,205.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	ICT-2013.9.5	We aim at laying the foundations of a novel paradigm in optical sensing by introducing molecule-specific strong light-matter interaction at mid-infrared wavelengths through the engineering of plasmonic effects in group-IV semiconductors.The key enabling technology is the novel germanium-on-silicon material platform: heavily-doped Ge films display plasma frequencies in the mid-infrared range. This allows for the complete substitution of metals with CMOS-compatible semiconductors in plasmonic infrared sensors, with enormous advantages in terms of fabrication quality and costs. Moreover, the mid-infrared range offers the unique opportunity of molecule specificity to target gases in the atmosphere, analytes in a solution or biomolecules in a diagnostic assay.We will develop sensing substrates containing infrared antennas and waveguides with antenna-enhanced detectors. Antennas and waveguides will be made of heavily-doped Ge to fully exploit plasmonic effects: high field concentration to increase sensitivity, resonant coupling to vibrational lines for chemical specificity, deeper integration to decrease costs. To achieve our goals we will rely on semiconductor growth by chemical vapor deposition, electromagnetic simulations, micro/nanofabrication of devices and advanced infrared spectroscopy. We aim at studying the fundamental properties of new materials and devices in order to assess their potential for sensing.Impacts of the proposed research go far beyond transforming optical sensing technology. Lab-on-chip disposable biosensors with integrated readout for medical diagnostics would radically cut healthcare costs. The possibility of actively tuning electromagnetic signals by electrical and/or optical control of the plasma frequency in semiconductors holds promises for dramatic opto-electronic integration. Finally, plasmonic semiconductor antennas will impact on photovoltaics, light harvesting and thermal imaging.	none given	none given	none given
79536	241267	DIGESPO	Distributed CHP generation from Small Size Concentrated Solar Power					2010-01-01	2013-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 4,536,293.20	€ 3,278,174.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2009.2.5.1	The DiGeSPo project concept is a modular 1-3 kWe, 3-9 kWth micro Combined Heat and Power (m-CHP) system based on innovative Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) and Stirling engine technology. This CSP m-CHP will provide electrical power, heating and cooling for single and multiple domestic dwellings and other small commercial, industrial and public buildings. It integrates small scale concentrator optics with moving and tracking components, solar absorbers in the form of evacuated tube collectors, a heat transfer fluid, a Stirling engine with generator, and heating and/or cooling systems; it incorporates them into buildings in an architecturally acceptable manner, with low visual impact. Four main themes have led to the development of this proposal: (i) technical improvements in large scale, parabolic trough solar concentrators that can now be adapted for much smaller scale systems, down to the single domestic dwelling; (ii) recent studies on Cer.Met. coatings suggest that improved optical behaviour and material durability for absorbers inside evacuated tube collectors can be achieved at higher temperatures than previously possible, with very low costs achievable at high production volumes; (iii) modified Stirling cycles and new compact heat exchanger technology are improving the costs and performance of small heat engines, so that they can operate with higher proportions of Carnot efficiency on the intermediate temperatures (> 350 °C) from the new CSP collectors. (iv) increases in natural gas prices, both absolute and relative to electricity prices, can under-mine the financial viability of gas-fuelled m-CHP. There is an urgent need for alternative m-CHP systems, of which solar m-CHP , whether separately or as a hybrid, is an option with high potential.	none given	none given	none given
79627	323047	CROP	Cycloidal Rotor Optimized for Propulsion					2013-01-01	2014-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 780,846.20	€ 599,993.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-TRANSPORT	AAT.2012.6.3-1.;AAT.2012.6.3-2.	The CROP project introduces an innovative propulsion system for aircrafts based on the cycloidal rotor concept, using an integrated approach that includes the electric drive train, airframe integration and an environmental friendly energy source.The CROP system is supported on a multiphysics approach:1. The high thrust is obtained by unsteady-based cycloidal rotor operation;2. The development of low-weight electric power drives for the system;3. Airframe re-design to accomplish optimum integration of the cycloidal propulsor;4. Environmental friendly energy source based on hydrogen and photovoltaic cells.The strengths of the CROP concept are:- High thrust levels: by using unsteady airflows- Low weight: using an integrated design approach between airframe and cycloidal propulsor- Environmental friendly: because it is based on green energy power sources.The revolutionary CROP propulsion concept will introduce new air-vehicle concepts, overcoming traditional limitation on short take-off and landing, including hovering capability.	none given	none given	none given
79630	617603	NSHOCK	Non classical rarefaction shock-waves in molecularly complex vapours					2014-03-01	2019-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 1,485,600.00	€ 1,485,600.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-IDEAS-ERC	ERC-CG-2013-PE8	The expansion of a dilute gas through a gasdynamics convergent-divergent nozzle can occur in three different regimes, depending on the inlet and discharge conditions and on the gas: via a fully subsonic expansion, via a subsonic-supersonic or via a subsonic-supersonic-subsonic expansion embedding a compression shock wave within the divergent portion of the nozzle. I devised an exact solution procedure for computing nozzle flows of real gases, which allowed me to discover that in molecularly complex fluids eighteen additional different flow configurations are possible, each including multiple compression classical shocks as well as non classical rarefaction ones. Modern thermodynamic models indicate that these exotic regimes can possibly occur in nozzle flows of molecularly complex fluids such as hydrocarbons, siloxanes or perfluorocarbons operating close to the liquid-vapour saturation curve and critical point. The experimental observation of one only of these eighteen flow configurations would be sufficient to prove for the first time that non classical gasdynamics phenomena are indeed possible in the vapour region of a fluid with high molecular complexityTo this purpose, a modification to the blow-down wind tunnel for dense gases at Politecnico di Milano is proposed to use mixtures of siloxane fluids. Measurements are complemented by numerical simulations of the expected flow field and by state-of-the-art uncertainty quantification techniques. The distinctive feature of the proposed experiment is the adoption of mixture of siloxanes as working fluids. Mixtures of siloxanes are well known to exhibit an higher stability limit than their pure components, due to the redistribution process occurring at high temperature.The increased understanding of real-gas dynamics will enable to improve the design of Organic Rankine Cycle Engines, to be used in small scale energy production from biomasses, binary geothermal systems and concentrating solar thermal power plants.	none given	none given	none given
79634	609228	whiteR	white room based on Reconfigurable robotic Island for optoelectronics					2013-09-01	2016-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 9,647,718.00	€ 6,399,550.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	FoF.NMP.2013-2	The young optoelectronic industry has critical mass and already impacts for more than the 10% on the European economy, employing 290 000 people and guarantees a stable double digit growth in current and coming years. Europe is playing a leading role in R&D (>1,000 research organization active) and is still able to face Far East and American competitors in manufacturing. white’R is a necessary action to translate this R&D excellence into future leadership in manufacturing high value added optoelectronic devices. white’R production island aims to make a move away from the manual assembly processes that have characterized the industry for decades to high-accuracy, high-yield, automated methods.The new manufacturing concept is based on the combination of fully automated, self contained, “white room” modules whose components – robots, end effectors, transport, handling and tooling systems – are conceived as “Plug&Produce” mechatronic sub-modules properly configured coherently with the production requirements. The technical objectives of white’R system are: 50% reduction of cost compared to current productions system; 30% set-up and ramp-up time reduction by self adaptive reconfigurability; All components of the production system reusable re-assembled and upgraded in a new different system; Creation of a EU/International standard for optoelectronic package configuration.The achievement of the objectives will be demonstrated by 2 different demonstrators where the same white’R island will be reconfigured to be used in two different real industrial environments related to the laser processing (Prima Power) and the solar energy systems (NSL). white’R team forms a lean and efficient organization linking together 3 academic and research institutions to 10 industrial partners from 5 different countries, including both system development companies and industrial end users.	none given	none given	none given
79771	295568	COMTES	Combined development of compact thermal energy storage technologies					2012-04-01	2016-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 6,647,969.60	€ 4,735,020.60	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2011.4.1-4	The COMTES project has as goal to develop and demonstrate three novel systems for compact seasonal storage of solar thermal energy. These systems will contribute to the EU 20-20-20 targets by covering a larger share of the domestic energy demand with solar thermal energy.Main objective of COMTES is to develop and demonstrate systems for seasonal storage that are significantly better than water based systems. The three technologies are covered in COMTES by three parallel development lines: solid sorption, liquid sorption and supercooling PCM.Strength of this approach is the collaboration of three development groups in activities that pertain to the analyses, methods and techniques that concern all technologies, without risking the exchange of confidential material. In this way, the development is much more effective than in three separate projects.The project starts with a definition of system boundary conditions and target applications. Next comes the investigation of the best available storage materials. Detailed numerical modelling of the physical processes, backed by experimental validations, will lead to optimum component design. Full-scale prototypes are simulated, constructed and tested in the laboratory in order to optimize process design. One year of fully monitored operation in demonstration buildings is followed by an integrated evaluation of the systems and their potential. When deemed successful, the involved industry partners will pick up the developed storage concepts and bring them further to a commercial level.The COMTES project is a cooperation of key scientific institutions active in the above mentioned heat storage technologies. For the first time, all relevant research disciplines are covered in an international effort. For each development line, a top-leading industry partner contributes its know-how and experience, providing the basis for further industrial development and exploitation of project results.	none given	none given	none given
79824	308912	HYSOL	INNOVATIVE CONFIGURATION FOR A FULLY RENEWABLE HYBRID CSP PLANT					2013-05-01	2016-07-31	nan	FP7	€ 9,275,982.60	€ 6,165,259.90	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2012.2.5.2	Renewable energies have often problems in order to provide a stable and reliable power supply, as they often depend on meteorological circumstances that have a variable or stochastic component. This fact is often used by their detractors to favour the use of other alternatives such as fossil fuels.The main added value of the hybridisation concept will be the achievement of the Europe Strategic Energy Technology plan (SET-Plan), which is the market, the industry and the European Union goal on energy matters: self producing firm renewable energy with an optimal cost-efficiency ratio.A new hybrid CSP system, fully renewable will be developed at the pre-industrial scale by including a new configuration in a conventional CSP plant with storage system. This solution includes an aeroderivative gas turbine (AGT) exhaust gases simulator with a heat recovery system (HRS) that will recover the heat from the exhaust gases in the storage system. The evaluation of biomass derived gas fuels (bio-gas and syngas) production and consumption in the hybrid CSP plant will be studied, simulated and evaluated at a commercial scale.Moreover, both economic costs and technology of the new elements developed and adapted to the needs of this hybrid technology will be assessed from an operating profitability perspective and totally orientated to market feasibility.The project will involve six main research lines according to the major investigation areas: development of a new Heat Recovery System (designing specially carefully the materials and the thermal areas of each HRS component); development of an Integrated Operation and Control Systems and Tools (evaluating critical operations); improvements on production, upgrading, distribution and utilization of BDGF adapted to the needs of the hybrid technology; development of an AGT Exhaust gases simulator adapted to the needs of the hybrid technology; integration of the previous developments in the proposed HYSOL power plant and environmental and economic assessment.	none given	none given	none given
79852	261936	LARGECELLS	Large-area Organic and Hybrid Solar Cells					2010-09-01	2014-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 2,170,683.40	€ 1,646,528.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2010.2.1-2	The task of developing large-area, thin film solar cells based on polymers as well as solid-state organic-inorganic (hybrid) systems will be undertaken. The required novel materials (charge transport polymers, semiconductor surfactants/compatibilizers and inorganic nanoparticles) will be synthesized and the compounds with the most potential will be scaled-up for the purpose of modern fabrication methods such as roll-to roll (R2R) processing. Additionally, the efficient devices will be tested and analyzed in out-door conditions in India and under accelerated ageing conditions in Israel to understand the degradation mechanism. Finally the basic information from stability studies will be used to design novel materials suitable for highly efficient devices of long-term stability. The programme is intensively intertwined with an Indian consortium, especially in the fields of novel materials, out-door testing, transfer and exchange of knowledge and methods.	none given	none given	none given
79923	241277	SILICON_LIGHT	Improved material quality and light trapping in thin film silicon solar cells					2010-01-01	2012-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 8,848,175.84	€ 5,779,519.55	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2009.2.1.1	In this project we will increase the efficiency of thin-film silicon solar cells on flexible substrates by solving the issues linked to material quality, interface properties and light management, thus enabling lower production costs per Watt-peak. The general technological objectives of the project are the development of better materials and enhanced interfaces for thin film silicon solar cells, and to transfer the developed processes to an industrial production line. The most important project goals are: 1) Reduction of optical reflection and parasitic absorption losses: Design and industrial implementation of textured back contacts in flexible thin film silicon solar cells. 2) Reduction of recombination losses: Development and implementation of improved silicon absorber material. 3) Reduction of electric losses: Graded TCO layers which minimize the work function barrier between the p-layer and the TCO layer without loss of conductivity and transmission of the TCO. In addition, the top layer of the TCO stack should provide a good protection against moisture ingression. In order to achieve these objectives more in-depth knowledge is needed for several relevant key areas for thin film silicon solar cells. The main scientific objectives are: 1) Identification of the ideal texture for the back contact. This structure should maximize the light trapping in thin film silicon solar cells without deterioration of open-circuit voltage and fill factor. 2) Paradigm shift for the growth of microcrystalline silicon. In this project we want to show that it is possible to use microcrystalline silicon with high crystalline fractions leading to better current collection without voltage losses, and without crack formation when grown on nano-textured substrates. 3) Deeper understanding of moisture degradation mechanisms of common TCO’s like ITO and AZO.	none given	none given	none given
79962	608860	IDE4L	Ideal Grid for All					2013-09-01	2016-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 8,012,972.63	€ 5,750,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2013.7.1.1	The IDE4L project will define, develop and demonstrate the entire system of distribution network automation, IT systems and applications for active network management. Active distribution networks will utilize distributed energy resources (DERs) for network management including both real time operation and long-term network planning viewpoints. DERs consist of aggregated distributed generation, demand response and other controllable loads.The starting point of development are existing distribution networks, their management systems, future expectations of penetration of renewable energy sources and high expectations of customers for continuity of service. The research and development work done in the project integrates many existing automation and IT systems utilizing available standard protocols in an innovative way and develops new applications based on that system.Demonstrations of integrated automation system and applications will be realized in real life networks in different parts of Europe where are connected large and small scale PV, wind power, heat pumps and EVs located in urban and rural areas. The outcome of the project will be applicable in very near future in all over Europe.Integrated distribution network automation system will be capable of monitoring, controlling, managing fast changing conditions and integrating large number of DERs in distribution network. Technical solutions utilizing the automation system will enhance the reliability of distribution network by improving fault location, isolation and supply restoration, will increase the hosting capacity of distribution network for renewables by managing network congestion with DERs, will optimize the operation of DERs by aggregating DERs and coordinating these with distribution network management, and will monitor dynamic behaviour of distribution network for system management.	none given	none given	none given
79990	248678	HIFLEX	Highly Flexible Printed ITO-free OPV Modules					2010-01-01	2012-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 4,993,874.00	€ 3,649,672.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	ICT-2009.3.8	HIFLEX aims to develop a cost-effective Highly Flexible Printed ITO-free OPV module technology that matches the particular requirements of mobile and remote ICT applications in terms of efficiency under different light conditions, lifetime, cost structure, power to weight ratio and mechanical flexibility. The project intends to accelerate the exploitation of this OPV technology for a wide variety of ICT products in the mobile electronics market. An application-driven research approach will be followed by developing large area, solution processable ITO free OPV using scalable, reproducible and commercially viable printing and coating techniques enabling the low cost production of highly flexible and lightweight OPV products. At the same time it guarantees the technological compatibility with other printed electronic components and systems. The high flexibility and lower costs will be addressed by the solar cell module design we intend to bring into production. The partnership consists of: one SME (Dr Schenk) with invaluable expertise in the inline process and quality control of R2R processed PV, one industry (Agfa) with market tested experience on photographic development of Ag grid lines, PEDOT antistatic coatings and large scale coating as well as developing innovative coating solutions, and five research institutes (ECN, ISE, Risø DTU, Holst centre, MatRI) with a technology focus and with complementary expertise in the field of device and module engineering, up-scaling and large area printing and long-term lifetime testing. We anticipate that this project will result in the demonstration of a new scalable, low cost, solution processable photovoltaic technology and will therefore form the basis of a potentially substantial business opportunity for Europe aiming at developing a new solar cell product with cost and payback characteristics strongly advantaged over existing technologies.	none given	none given	none given
80003	288565	ROTROT	ROll To Roll production of Organic Tandem cells					2011-09-01	2014-08-31	nan	FP7	€ 4,751,775.00	€ 3,100,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ICT	ICT-2011.3.6	ROTROT (ROll to Roll production of Organic Tandem cells) project addresses “Flexible, Organic and Large Area Electronic and photonics”. OLAE potentially offers a giant step for consumer electronics and will continue to address mass market applications. In this OLAE field, Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) has to compete with Si and Thin Film PV. OPV has followed this tremendous growth and makes important additions to the motivation: low cost and easy manufacturing on flexible substrates by printing technologies. The problem of harvesting energy from light naturally presents a large area challenge and no manufacturing technique is faster than printing and coating under ambient conditions in terms of manufactured surface per unit time. This is in reality what gives OPV the competitive advantage over all other PV technologies.Power conversion efficiency of OPV cells has relatively been growing +0.5% per year from 1990. This enhancement is mainly due to new performing material discovery. If we want to reach relative growth up to 1 to 2% per year, we still have to work on new high absorbing polymers but also put great effort on device architecture design like the tandem structure. Novel disruptive concepts are required involving cheaper production of multilayered printed cells based on innovative engineered architectures (R2R printed tandem cell), new high performance materials (low band gap Eg ~1.5 eV, electrodes, high performance interface, barrier adhesive). Such innovative solutions are necessary for the technology to reach further than today’s niche markets and to overcome the limitations by improving at least two times the currently achieved efficiency (12%), improving the lifetime by more than factor 4 from today’s known OPV cell and reducing the cost (down to 0.7€/Wp). ROTROT proposes to fulfill these goals and comprise a complete solution process using significant advances in R2R techniques ending up with an environmentally friendly and safe deposition process	none given	none given	none given
80016	317085	SHINE	Solar Heat Integration Network					2013-10-01	2018-04-30	nan	FP7	€ 3,461,561.30	€ 3,461,561.30	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN	Large solar heating systems are decisive to cover a major part of European low temperature heat demand by solar energy and therewith to meet European policy aims. However, today only a negligible share of solar heating systems installed in Europe are large units due to manifold technical and socio-economic obstacles. The challenge of solar thermal technology and the overall objective of the proposed initial training network is to supply heat in larger solar heating systems for applications like industrial processes, to feed-in into district heating networks, or sorption drying and cooling. The obstacles will be approached with an innovative inter-disciplinary consortium, including 13 PhD students. Six universities and five private sector participants from six different European countries will provide research and training in cooperation with four associated partners from the private sector. The SHINE project will cover detailed new experimental material-, component- and system studies, system integration analysis and numerical optimization, as well as chemical investigations on storage materials. A close cooperation with industry will ensure fast exploitation of the results. With the SHINE network, the critical mass of PhD students will be gathered on a European level to offer a specialized and structured PhD course programme of large solar heating systems. After the end of SHINE, the key course modules will be offered as a standard curriculum of European PhD education in solar thermal in the long term.The SHINE students will face excellent job perspectives, they will have a sound background in energy economics and complementary skills, regarded as important skills to reach a break through of solar thermal technology.	none given	none given	none given
80030	281027	CLEAN4YIELD	Contamination and defect control for increased yield for large scale R2R production of OPV and OLED					2012-05-01	2015-04-30	nan	FP7	€ 10,431,146.03	€ 7,060,000.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP.2011.1.4-2	While nanotechnology was originally limited to small areas of a few cm2, the quest for lower costs has been the latest years the drive for developing processes utilising larger substrate sizes at increasing throughputs. A typical example is the flat panel display industry where the push to larger gen size and faster processing has resulted in a significant cost reduction. The next challenge here is the move to smaller feature sizes. Large area processing at high speeds is optimal when using roll-to-roll (R2R) processing, able to deliver the ultimate cost reduction. Flexible innovative thin film devices, like organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) for lighting, photo voltaic (PV) and organic photo voltaic (OPV) modules, organic circuitry, printed electronics and thin film batteries, are currently developed using this kind of processing.The overall objective of Clean4Yield is the development and demonstration of technologies and tools for nano-scale detection, cleaning, prevention and repair of defects and contaminations in nano-scale layers. The R2R production processes for OLED, OPV, and high-end moisture barrier layers on flexible substrates will serve as development platform for the various methods. Clean4Yield will demonstrate that the developed methods increase yield, reduce production costs, and improve performance and operational device lifetimes of these applications. The developed technologies will be easy to adapted for other large-scale production technologies of other nano layer applications.	none given	none given	none given
80045	214814	AMON-RA	Architectures, Materials, and One-dimensional Nanowires for Photovoltaics – Research and Applications					2008-10-01	2012-09-30	nan	FP7	€ 4,174,024.00	€ 3,199,987.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP-2007-2.2-3	The proposed project AMON-RA (Architectures, Materials, and One-dimensional Nanowires for Photovoltaics – Research and Applications) is intended to result in a new type of solar cell, combining advanced hetero- and nano-structures with silicon photovoltaic technology. By ap-plying state-of-the-art photovoltaics design to semiconductor nanowires and nanotrees and assisted by tailor-made theoretical modeling and advanced processing, we aim to demonstrate high-efficiency multi-junction photovoltaic cells made from previously impossible materials combinations. The high degree of self-assembly and insensitivity to lattice parameters inherent in the nanowire growth process will also make it possible to produce such cell relatively cheaply and on inexpensive silicon substrates. In AMON-RA, we will also evaluate the solar cell designs on a systems level, with special attention to future industrialization and upscaling.	none given	none given	none given
80097	227057	INNOVASOL	Innovative Materials for Future Generation Excitonic Solar Cells					2009-04-01	2012-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 4,002,760.02	€ 2,899,510.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	ENERGY.2008.10.1.2;NMP-2008-2.6-1	INNOVASOL aims to develop radically new nanostructured materials for photovoltaic (PV) excitonic solar cells (XSCs) really competitive with traditional energy sources. The main objective is to leapfrog current limitations of third-generation PV devices through a drastic improvement of the materials used for assembling XSCs. The first step is the substitution of the liquid electrolytes, currently used in dye-sensitised solar cells, with solid-state hole conductors. In parallel, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) with tuned band gap, designed to enhance the photon capture efficiency, will replace the organic dyes as light absorbers. A striking improvement is expected from multi exciton generation (MEG) effects, overcoming the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit of 31% for the PV conversion. In a second step, highly innovative QDs will be designed and synthesized: the QDs will be covered by self-assembled monolayers of amphiphilic dye molecules, mimicking the photosynthetic antenna system. The dye molecules will act as molecular relays (MRs), which connect the QDs to the transparent conductive oxide (TCO). Novel TCO architectures will be developed for efficient interface energy transfer and electron diffusion. Six academic institutions guarantee an interdisciplinary research, based on top level theoretical and experimental approaches. The high degree of knowledge of solid-state physics and chemistry, nanoscience and nanotechnology of the researchers assures that the new concepts and the objectives proposed will be successfully developed/pursued. Fiat research center and Solaronix, a SME leader in the XSCs production, will provide proof-of-concept prototypes to validate the innovative materials developed by the academic partners. Materials and technological solutions of INNOVASOL are original and will pave the way for future generation XSCs alternative to devices so far developed both inside and outside Europe.	none given	none given	none given
80202	310220	SOLAR DESIGN	On-the-fly alterable thin-film solar modules for design driven applications					2013-01-01	2015-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,712,054.93	€ 2,716,423.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP.2012.4.0-1	The demand for aesthetically integrated photovoltaic materials is increasing steadily in many industries. A growing number of designers, architects and industrial manufacturers across the world share a common interest in using Photovoltaics (PV) as a decentralized and sustainable source of energy in their product designs. Developing markets such as sustainable housing, temporary building structures, outdoor activities, electro-mobility and mobile computing will drive the demand for decentralized, attractive energy solutions.For solar powered products are customisable shapes, sizes, colours, transparencies or specific electrical properties required, which have a decisive influence on the acceptance on the market. Therefore a new breed of solar technologies is necessary.To achieve this goal new flexible production processes and materials need to be developed.A novel manufacturing process will enable the adjustment of all properties of a thin-film module on-the-fly and facilitate the production of customized photovoltaic modules with the desired voltage, size and shape. Combined with the material characteristics given by the underlying thin-film solar cell technology a new-breed of design-led, sustainable and decentralised energy solutions can be realized.Furthermore the designer or architect who wants to incorporate solar electricity into his work needs a service environment to be assisted in the creative process. Tools should support the designer in conceiving, planning and producing the solar design products. This project will address the above mentioned challenges by exploring and developing new materials, manufacturing and business processes in PV powered product design and architecture.	none given	none given	none given
80210	281063	Powerweave	Development of Textiles for Electrical Energy Generation and Storage					2012-06-01	2015-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 5,493,353.01	€ 3,997,419.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP.2011.4.0-3	This project will develop a fabric to harvest and store electrical energy within its fibrous matrix, to fulfill a need for an easily deformable, storable and transportable power supply.This will be achieved through the development of PV fibres and energy storage fibres integrated with control electronics into a textile. This unique approach, moving on from the current state of the art using rigid cell or film based PV materials and batteries, will allow development of large-area deformable products, including agricultural shading, automotive soft-tops, building facades, rollable shades, curtains and roofing, aerospace fabrics, and outdoor goods.The key challenges are:•Formulation of PV and energy storage materials to be applied as flexible thin coatings on monofilament fibres. SME materials suppliers Cyanine (PV dyes) and PPC (polymer coatings) will work with universities, EPFL (PV) and Brunel (storage) who are leaders in these fields.•Development and application of fibre spinning and coating methods to make the two multi-layer fibre types, followed by generation of a textile combining the two. Fibre and fabric manufacturers Sefar, CeNTI (SME) and VDS weaving (SME) will work with textile and coating experts, Centexbel and TWI.•Integration of the two fibres, requiring end preparation to reveal conductors, interconnect and micro-circuitry, followed by attachment to a load device. Materials joining and smart textile experts, TWI, Cetemmsa and Ohmatex (SME) will work on this.•Demonstration activities which will involve a small-scale autonomous airship by Lindstrand (SME), and agricultural textiles by BTF, both strong innovators in their fields.The 6 innovative SMEs, 2 LEs and the RTOs with extensive links in solar power, microsystems and textiles industries, are well placed to quickly exploit the project developments and provide extensive exposure of the ideas into a wide variety of markets requiring a continuous, fully autonomous and truly flexible pow	none given	none given	none given
80212	214459	DEPHOTEX	Development of Photovoltaic Textiles based on novel fibres					2008-11-01	2011-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 4,209,690.00	€ 3,131,482.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP-2007-4.0-2	The goal of the project is to research and develop textile solar cells in order to get flexible photovoltaic textiles based on novel fibres allowing taking benefit from the solar radiation so as to turn it into energy. Photovoltaic solar energy is being widely studied as one of the sources of renewable energy with major application potential, being considered a real alternative to fossil fuels. Since the development of first photovoltaic cells, solar energy is being an object of continuous research focused on improving the energy efficiency as well as the structure of photovoltaic cells. Last innovations on photovoltaic technology have allowed obtaining flexible solar cells which offer a wide range of possibilities, mainly in wearable applications that need autonomous systems. The present project is in line with last developments and the target is to research on the development of flexible and textile solar cells to obtain photovoltaic textiles, which offer a range of useful applications in a variety of consumer application sectors: home textiles, sports, leisure, clothing, automotive industry… For instance, solar tents and parasols with the capability of energy generation. The project research is based on the development of novel fibres with conductive properties as substrate of the structure of flexible photovoltaic cells. From the development of a conductive textile substrate, the project will focus on the research and deposition of different layers that will compose the structure of a textile photovoltaic cell. These cells will be developed with organic and inorganic semiconductive materials. The main technological innovation is based on the development of a wearable and flexible energy source directly on textile products. Fabrics with the capability of generation of clean, usable and wearable energy thanks to their sun exposure, offer a great added value.	none given	none given	none given
80360	262733	ESAIL	Electric sail propulsion technology					2010-12-01	2013-11-30	nan	FP7	€ 2,413,184.00	€ 1,747,393.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-SPACE	SPA.2010.2.1-04;SPA.2010.2.3-1	The Electric Solar Wind Sail (E-sail) is a recent invention of ultra-efficient propellantless in-space propulsion technology. It uses the solar wind charged ions as natural source for producing spacecraft thrust. The E-sail is composed of a set of long, thin, conducting and positively charged tethers which are centrifugally stretched from the main spacecraft and kept electrically charged by an onboard electron gun powered by solar panels.The E-sail concept is an enabling technology for reducing significantly the time, cost and mass required for spacecraft to reach their destinations. It has been estimated that it has the potential to improve the state of the art of propulsion systems by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude if using the lifetime integrated total impulse versus propulsion system mass as the figure of merit. Furthermore, the E-sail propulsion technology is truly a green propellantless method reducing significantly the mission launch masses and the amount of chemical propellant burnt in the atmosphere. As an electromechanical device it does not need any poisonous, explosive or radioactive substances or dangerous construction procedures.In the proposed project, we develop the key E-sail technologies (tethers, tether reels, spinup and guidance/control method based on gas and FEEP thrusters) to prototype level. The goal is that after the project, the decision to build and fly the first E-sail demonstration mission in the solar wind can be made. As a secondary technological goal, the project will raise the FEEP and gas thruster readiness level for general-purpose satellite attitude control purposes.	none given	none given	none given
80378	309636	4G-PHOTOCAT	Fourth generation photocatalysts: nano-engineered composites for water decontamination in low-cost paintable photoreactors					2013-01-01	2015-12-31	nan	FP7	€ 4,884,982.80	€ 3,727,767.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-NMP	NMP.2012.2.2-6	The project 4G-PHOTOCAT allies the expertise of 7 academic and 3 industrial partners from 5 EU countries (Germany, United Kingdom, Czech Republic, Poland, and Finland) and 2 ASEAN countries (Malaysia and Vietnam) for the development of a novel generation of low-cost nano-engineered photocatalysts for sunlight-driven water depollution. Through rational design of composites in which the solar light-absorbing semiconductors are coupled to nanostructured redox co-catalysts based on abundant elements, the recombination of photogenerated charges will be suppressed and the rate of photocatalytic reactions will be maximized. In order to achieve fabrication of optimal architectures, advanced chemical deposition techniques with a high degree of control over composition and morphology will be employed and further developed. Furthermore, novel protocols will be developed for the implementation of the photocatalysts into a liquid paint, allowing for the deposition of robust photoactive layers onto flat surfaces, without compromising the photoactivity of immobilized photocatalysts. Such paintable photoreactors are envisaged particularly as low-cost devices for detoxification of water from highly toxic persistent organic pollutants which represent a serious health issue in many remote rural areas of Vietnam and other countries. The 4G-PHOTOCAT project will provide novel scientific insights into the correlation between compositional/structural properties and photocatalytic reaction rates under sunlight irradiation, as well as improved fabrication methods and enhanced product portfolio for the industrial partners. Finally, 4G-PHOTOCAT will lead to intensified collaboration between scientists working at the cutting edge of synthetic chemistry, materials science, heterogeneous photocatalysis, theoretical modelling, and environmental analytics, as well as to unique reinforcement of cooperation between scientists and industry partners from EU and ASEAN countries.	none given	none given	none given
80713	316494	Destiny	DyE SensiTized solar cells wIth eNhanced stabilitY					2012-11-01	2016-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,848,961.62	€ 3,848,961.62	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN	The DESTINY initial training network will tackle major challenges in the development of stable dye-sensitized solar cells, DSC. DSC offer exciting possibilities for applications in building integrated photovoltaics and consumer electronics. However they possess a complex structure with disparate materials. For DSC to be marketable and to compete with its inorganic counterparts, fundamental science has to be done to understand the causes of degradation and find ways of enhancing cell and module life time and stability without sacrificing performance and scalability. Ten internationally leading European research groups from six countries [including Dyesol UK, part of Europe’s leading industrial supplier of DSC] have joined forces as full participants with a commercial associated partner, combining expertise in synthetic chemistry, spectroscopy, nanoscale physics and device engineering. Our highly integrated approach to understanding degradation causes and proposing solutions will take a major step towards the commercialization of DSC. This consortium is strongly committed to promote breakthroughs at the frontiers of science and engineering. The training dimension of DESTINY is reflected in the high priority we give to the training of early stage and experienced researchers, ESRs and ERs, through education and knowledge dissemination via Tutorial Courses, Annual Network Meetings, Training Schools, Conferences and Mobility Programmes. The network, with a strong focus on interdisciplinary training, builds on fruitful collaborations between the partners. Development of complementary skills (presentation, management, technology transfer, IP protection) will take place throughout the project lifetime. Interaction with stakeholders beyond those involved primarily in research will be maintained to enhance the international and societal dimension of our research and provide the wider community with information on this new technology.	none given	none given	none given
80757	309018	ALLOXIDEPV	Novel Composite Oxides by Combinatorial Material Synthesis for Next Generation All-Oxide-Photovoltaics					2012-11-01	2015-10-31	nan	FP7	€ 3,904,760.00	€ 2,999,674.00	0	0	0	0	FP7-ENERGY	ENERGY.2012.10.2.1	The global market for photovoltaic (PV) cells that are converting sunlight into electricity almost doubled in 2010 to reach a massive 18.2 GW, nearly three times size of the market back in 2008. Crystalline silicon is the most common PV material today with a market share of more than 80%. New developments such as electrolyte based dye-sensitized solar cells as well as organic polymer cells have experienced remarkable progress in the laboratory but penetration into the market is still far away due to stability and sealing problems. Thus, this project will develop all-oxide photovoltaic cells based on nano-composite materials using combinatorial synthesis methods in conjunction with large throughput characterization and computational data analysis. Oxides are chemically stable, many of them are not hazardous, abundant and can furthermore be produced by low-cost methods. To challenge the inherent limitations of pure oxide semiconductors novel composite materials consisting of two or more pure metal oxides using various mixing ratios will be developed. Moreover, new fabrication techniques, powerful characterization tools and computational analysis methods will be employed that have not been available yet for material science. Combinatorial synthesis methods used in biology, chemistry and pharmaceutical research will be adopted to screen efficiently through a large amount of oxide compositions.	none given	none given	none given
80779	235721	HIGH-VOLTAGE PV	New materials for high voltage solar cells used as building blocks for third generation photovoltaics					2009-03-01	2011-02-28	nan	FP7	€ 0.00	€ 183,052.70	0	0	0	0	FP7-PEOPLE	FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008	Global warming caused by the combustion of fossil energy carriers is the biggest ‎environmental threat for the 21st century, which has boosted the demand for ‎‎“clean energy”. Scientific breakthroughs are needed in the photovoltaic (PV) sector to reduce ‎the price of PV-generated electricity and thus to become compatible with ‎conventional power plants. This can only be achieved with new type of solar ‎cells comprising of novel materials which are cheaper than current silicon ‎technology and which allow large scale production at low cost. Nano-‎structured solar cells such as the dye-sensitized (DSSC), quantum dot ‎sensitized or polymer based solar cells are promising candidates. Until now ‎improvement of such cells aims mostly towards the modification of one ‎component within existing cell architectures (for example the investigation of ‎several dyes in DSSCs, while the electron and hole conducting media remain ‎unchanged). It is the intention of the proposed research to investigate ‎materials which have not been attracted considerable attention for ‎photovoltaic applications as well as materials which are already widely used. In a first step we aim to screen materials for solar ‎cells which are based on a large bandgap window layer and a absorber with a ‎bandgap between 1.4 – 2.8 eV. This requires the preparation of a large number of devices and the acquisition ‎and analysis of huge amount of data. We intend to adopt techniques ‎commonly used in pharmacy and biology, where large amounts of samples ‎are screened and analyzed. ‎In the second phase the photovoltage limitations are investigated and the voltage will be maximized. In the final phase interface geometry will be changed to increae the photocurrent.	none given	none given	none given
81406	606108	MICRO-TRIGENERATION	Micro-TRIGENERATION					2013-10-01	2016-03-31	nan	FP7	€ 1,499,464.22	€ 1,098,992.40	0	0	0	0	FP7-SME	SME-2013-1	Initial situation: The operation of small power plants (e.g. for households) for electricity, heat and cold (micro trigeneration) requires new solution trials. There are systems required, which are user-friendly, low-maintenance, economic. The new Schukey engine unites provide these attributes. The Schukey engine shows an ingenious concept (“universality as a concept”) and works at a temperature of 120°C steam or 1.1 bar. The cooling is directly made by air. In the Central Europe 5 kWel and 20 kWth are provided to 40 m² CPC-collectors. A household can cover ¾ of the annual heat demand (approx. 27 MWh) and current demand (approx. 4 MWh).Difficulties: The Schukey technology is deciding in a very early developmental stage and thus it still requires a comprehensive development work: (1) Transmission compression, (2) Mass diminution (rotors & case), (3) coordination the control of the pressure volume temperature on the optimal expansion relationship of the domestic operating range, (4) creation of a thick system despite a smaller performance (max. 3% mass loss), (5) Integration into the primary domestic energy system or power supply system.Aims:1.The priority aim of the project is the development and test application of a compact combination plan (10 kg of engine weight for 5 kWel) for a production of current, heat and cold in the smaller performance are by using of the Schukey technology – short “microsolar trigeneration”.2.It should be directed a simple, standardized, economic and suitable for practices solution (for a Schukey engine should be obtained a performance area of 2-2.5kWel and a pure engine manufacturing between 300 and 500 €).3.The project should aim for that specific current prime costs, which be directed in the area of the net parity (these should be long running). The cold of use should be provided by approx.0.5 €/kWh (conventional air conditioners: 0,12 €/kWh).	none given	none given	none given
81499	736795	PAWAME	CONDUCTING A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON THE VIABILITY OF AN INNOVATIVE BUSINESS MODEL FOR BRINGING SOLAR ENERGY TO REMOTE COMMUNITIES AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES					2016-09-01	2017-01-31	2016-08-12	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.6.	SMEInst-12-2016-2017	PROBLEM: 1.1 billion people, most of whom live in developing regions of Asia and Africa, lack access to electricity. Theprimary light source for them are kerosene lamps, which are not only costly, but also has negative impact on human health,resulting in illness and even mortalities. Existing solar-powered products are too expensive for households with a $20monthly income. Booming trends of mobile subscriptions and smartphone adoption in developing countries mean there isalso a growing need to charge the phones.SOLUTION: Solet Technics has developed a prototype of a mobile solar power generator, PAWAME which offers a cheapand reliable access to electricity for off-grid households. The company is planning to distribute PAWAME solution using local agents, and infrastructure, payment system and brand recognition of Telcos, which enables fast market uptake and scalingof the product. It will also be easy and convenient for the user to pay for electricity via phone. The ‘rent-to-own’ model makesthe product accessible to low income households: no upfront investments needed. User-friendly and unique product designenables simple usage for the end-user. Customer can login to see his payment plan information, usage data, etc. Uniqueproduct features also include theft protection – PAWAME sends its location and if somebody tries to force to open it, it isremotely notified and can be tracked and traced all the time. The device has been tailored to fit to the needs of both end-userand Telcos.NEXT STEPS: Thorough market analysis and an elaboration of a business plan is needed in order to define strategiccommercialization. This feasibility study will be a crucial step towards commercialization of Solarize. Further in the future,Solet Technics plans to bring PAWAME to industrial readiness and maturity for introduction to the global market, providingsolar electricity to more than 200 thousand households and generating profit of 3 million euros by the year 2020	none given	none given	none given
82161	870470	EDDA	European Direct-Drive Architecture					2019-12-01	2022-05-31	2019-11-08	H2020	€ 998,023.75	€ 998,023.75	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.2.1.6.	SPACE-13-TEC-2019	The European Direct-Drive Architecture (EDDA) project aims at optimizing the power chain efficiency of a spacecraft using electric propulsion, which is at the heart of technological roadmaps for future spacecraft.The objective is to develop, build and test a demonstrator of a high voltage and high power direct-drive concept.This innovative architecture supplies directly electric thrusters by a 300V-400V Solar Array without power conversion vs 28-100V in the current state of the art. The advantages are to remove power converters, to save mass, dissipation and cost, and to improve significantly the overall efficiency and reduce the thermal dissipation. In addition, at satellite level, it corresponds to a reduction of thrust duration, saving mission time.The ability of the concept to be applied to various thrusters technologies is key to maximize the impact of the architecture. Therefore this study is based on a transversal aspect of Electric Propulsion to be demonstrated on two different Electric Thruster technologies: Hall Effect Thruster (HET) from Sitael (Italy) and High Efficiency Multistage Plasma Thruster (HEMPT) from Thales-D (Germany).EDDA demonstration is based on a thruster plasma analysis (UC3M, Spain). Cathod Reference Point electronics, HET, vacuum chamber for complete testing are provided by Sitael. The bus voltage control loop and associated hardware are designed and manufactured by TAS-B. Coordination at satellite level is performed by TAS-F. Efficient Innovation provides effective management and associated tools. Tests will follow real operational conditions: no Sun, variation of illumination, thruster start-up and switch off, quick variation of consumption, and will demonstrate the robustness of this architecture easily adaptable to spacecraft (telecommunication satellites for Electric Orbit Raising reduction, In Orbit Servicing and Space-tugs, interplanetary carriers).	none given	none given	none given
82283	664000	TRANSREGEN	Portable thermal fluid regeneration system for Solar Thermal Plants					2015-03-01	2015-08-31	2015-02-11	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2014-1	The project focuses on the Concentrated Solar Power sector (CSP). A HTF (High Temperature Fluid) is a liquid used to heat transport and transfer it in a solar thermal plant. Nowadays, most of the plants (both parabolic or tower technology) use synthetic oil as the HTF, which reaches working temperatures up to 400ºC. However, high temperature cycles accelerate oil degradation and then impurities appear. The appearance of impurities is a problem that affects the operation and the integrity of the current CSP power plants.Oil regeneration is a common operation in many industrial processes, however, there is no specific solution for CSP power plants that meet their efficiency and costs related needs without risking their profitability. By now, CSP power plant operators treat the oil periodically in external far regeneration plants that provide a standard fluid distillation with low efficiency and big fluid loses that represent great costs. Due to sector’s current constraints to increase power plant’s capital investment and operation & maintenance costs new more efficient, and with more flexible management models, HTF regeneration solutions are required.TRANSREGEN is a new high efficiency oil regeneration system that implements a compact & transportable design in order to extend fluid generation and waste management possibilities. Having successfully designed & validated TRANSREGEN technology in a relevant environment, the overall objective of this project is the demonstration of the final solution in solar thermal plants in real operating conditions.	none given	none given	none given
82297	646554	PV FINANCING	PV FINANCING					2015-01-01	2017-06-30	2014-12-15	H2020	€ 2,050,938.75	€ 2,050,938.75	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	LCE-04-2014	Feed-in tariffs (FITs) have been the fuel for successful solar PV growth stories in basically every one of today’s large solar markets. First in Europe, now in China and Japan. The US is the only exception – backed by tax credits and net-metering, leasing has become a key means of financing residential solar systems there.With many European countries phasing out FITs, the simplicity of selling solar power will be gone; and without safe and fair returns, real estate and homeowners will not invest in PV anymore. In post-FIT times, solar companies and/or electric utilities in partnership with financial institutions will have to come up with new business models and financing schemes for PV investors in order to continue the success story of the FIT era. The German Solar Industry Association as project coordinator is driven by the mission to successfully evolve those business and financing models, to disseminate them among stakeholders and to shape the necessary policy framework and to remove barriers that prevent those models from realization. Consequently, the goal of PV Financing is to help stakeholders from specific application segments with the implementation of PV projects based on new PV business models while applying innovative equity and debt financing schemes. The availability of financing for PV projects based on the new business models shall be increased and the transaction costs shall be decreased by educating investors, commercial banks and insurance companies on the PV business models and their risks.	none given	none given	none given
82315	683928	REPHLECT	Recovering Europe´s PHotovoltaics LEadership through high Concentration Technology					2015-08-01	2018-04-30	2015-07-27	H2020	€ 2,333,716.25	€ 1,633,601.38	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2015	Focusing the Sun’s rays onto a piece of paper with a magnifying glass may sound as a children’s game, but it lies over the same principle that Photovoltaic (PV) technology, which can potentially lead Europe to obtain energy at a lower price and with the least environmental impact. In order to achieve it, PV’s efficiency and its associated costs need to be improved. REPHLECT project tackles both factors thanks to an innovative combination of advanced High Concentration PV (HCPV) technology and a close to the end market model.HCPV, due to its use of very high efficiency PV cells, is currently the solar technology with the highest cost reduction potential (85% in the last 5 years). REPHLECT’s HCPV builds up on the excellent results obtained in the FP7 project “NGCPV”, in which concentrator cells, module and system efficiency were improved. Now BSQ Solar, one of NGCPV’s partners, will take a step forward by designing a module that will reach a concentration of 1000X from the 820X developed by NGCPV, and at the same time including innovative features.To reduce the associated costs, REPHLECT will design components that allow local manufacturing and will migrate assembly lines to Satellite Production Centres (SPCs) located in highly irradiated areas to produce the panels close to the market. The only most IP sensitive part, the receivers, will be developed in BSQ headquarters in Madrid.In order words, REPHLECT intends to replicate the white box paradigm which introduced the ultimate commoditization of the computer hardware industry, by challenging the present industry model based in huge centralized upscaling in Asia.The project will be piloted in-house and the assembly satellite production will be demonstrated at the University of Al Akhawayn, in Morocco.REPHLECT counts already with letters of support of more than 15 prestigious companies which are very interested in its business model.	none given	none given	none given
82325	674311	Cogem CPVTM	COGEM CPV – An innovative Ceramic Heatsprider within HCPV (High Concentration Photovoltaic) Technology					2015-06-01	2019-12-31	2015-06-08	H2020	€ 2,997,793.75	€ 2,098,455.63	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2014	“The general objective of the proposed project is to develop “COGEM CPV”, an innovative heatspreader to be taken in the context of High Concentration Photovoltaic (HCPV) technology, through the adoption of new materials, particularly ceramics, that allow a reduction of energy production costs of about 25%, and an improvement on the performance at least of 3%.In particular, the innovative system, through the use of the new components / materials / technologies, will achieve the reduction of production costs — due to the elimination of some components and some assembly process; the improvement of performance — due to the reduction in cell operating temperature. The objective of Solergy, through the proposed innovation, is to introduce a new approach to HCPV resolving common issues and enabling HCPV to take its rightful place as the solar technology of choice for sunny regions. “COGEM CPV”” could be consider the world’s first field upgradeable, 40+ year lifetime High Concentration Photovoltaic (HCPV) system.”	none given	none given	none given
82369	649997	Solar Bankability	Improving the Financeability and Attractiveness of Sustainable Energy Investments in Photovolatics: Quantifying and Managing the Technical Risk for Current and New Business Models					2015-03-01	2017-02-28	2015-02-09	H2020	€ 1,355,106.00	€ 1,355,106.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	EE-19-2014	The overall objective of this proposal is to reduce the risk associated with investments in sustainable energy projects. The project results should increase trust from investors, financers and insurance companies. The project aims to establish a common practice for professional risk assessment based on technical and financial due diligence. The focus is on photovoltaic (PV) installations, with emphasis on projects on buildings or at the customer side of the electricity consumption meter and financed by professional investors.The project pursues the following specific objectives:- To develop, document and establish practices for evaluating and mitigating the technical risks associated with investments in photovoltaics- To develop, document and establish practices for valuing such risks when modeling the costs of a PV investment as investors do when evaluating the life cycle costs of such projects- To evaluate how these risks affect the electricity production and the expected return on investment in different business models- To enable the key actors, and particularly the financial market actors, to widely adopt the project results as best practices for the mitigation of risk of sustainable energy investments with current and new business models.The project will be based on large amount of empirical data available within the consortium and from other projects, allowing to formulate recommendations that are statistically significant and based on a large evidence base.The project will involve all relevant stakeholders being financial market actors, valuation and standardization entities, building and PV plant owners, industry, energy prosumers and policy makers. The impacts to be achieved are reduced uncertainty, increased investors’ confidence and trust, valuation methodologies agreed by the market, standardized descriptions of investments, labelling schemes or harmonized frameworks for investment, and support to national strategies for financing.	none given	none given	none given
82379	697271	TENCENT	The next generation of Hybrid Concentrating Solar Power Plants					2015-08-01	2015-10-31	2015-09-16	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2015-1	Brenmiller Energy has developed a unique 50kW Concentrating Solar Power pilot plant which final aim, after upscaling it, is to become the most innovative and cost-effective available technolgy to harness the power of the Sun and convert its energy into electricity at a price of 10€cent/kwh. The TENCENT project is made out of three main blocks that constitute the basic unit of 1.5MW called bCell. These three blocks collect the sun radiation through patented i)tube collectors filled in with a novel ii)Heat Fluid Transfer which will take the heat to an exclusive iii)Energy Center that will distribute or store the energy generated in the form of >500ºC. The generated heat will actuate a power turbine that will generate clean energy 24/7. Brenmiller Energy will access over 30 countries to participate in national power tenders hand by hand with Gestamp Renewables and expect to generate a turnover over 1,000M€ over the firsr five years of commercialization. The TENCENT project constitutes a breakthrough in the path to a cleaner, safer and more fair future for Europe and the world.	none given	none given	none given
82380	684780	helioSTEAM	A novel concentrated solar steam system for industrial applications with a high degree of pre-manufacturing at extremely low prices.					2015-07-01	2015-12-31	2015-06-16	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2015-1	Fresnex GmbH has developed a cheap and easy-to-install solar mirror system that concentrates the solar radiation onto a receiver, generating steam directly in the receiver. The steam is used in existing industrial steam systems for production in various industry segments. The technology works as a fuel saver technology by reducing energy costs, dependency on oil and gas and CO2 emission of its customers.Through a patented innovation Fresnex GmbH will be able to significantly reduce the system costs compared to existing technologies while parallel reducing the complexity of integration. Due to the lower investment costs, projects are now financial attractive, opening up a huge market. In Portugal, Spain, Italy and Austria together about 5,5 TWh could be switched to solar with even more potential in South Africa, Mexico, US, and many other countries.The innovation itself relates to a new and cheap mirror bearing, pivotable holding the mirrors. It is realised through a line-hinge in a cheap, effective and precise way. The thermal performance of the system prototype has been proved by a solar testing institute with good results.The management (two former university colleagues with 14 years of track record in plant engineering and construction) are the majority owners of Fresnex GmbH and they plan to sell company shares to further fund the project in addition to the already inserted private equity.In order to better understand the market needs and to gain customer contacts, Fresnex will perform a customer survey and address technical and financial topics as H2020 phase one project.The commercialisation plan includes a first system in industrial environment in 2015 (TRL5 to 6) followed by two reference systems for large scale implementations. At the same time the semi-automated production line will be developed. Without at least parts of this semi-automated production line, the two reference plants cannot be built (phase 2 project).	none given	none given	none given
82381	710995	FOCALSTREAM	Breakthrough high performance cost competitive solar concentration system for combined heat and power generation					2016-05-01	2019-04-30	2016-06-08	H2020	€ 1,457,322.50	€ 1,018,752.01	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2015	The building sector is one of the key consumers of energy in Europe where energy use in buildings has seen a rising trend over the past 20 years. Buildings are responsible for around 40 % of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the EU. Moreover, electricity consumption in the residential and commercial building sector doubled between 1980 and 2000, and is expected to increase another 50% by 2025. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that current trends in Energy efficiency in buildings will stimulate about half of energy supply investments to 2030, with a cumulative spending forecast in Europe of 622.8 billion € from 2014 through to 2023, (including products and services). On the other side, within the clean technologies the solar energy industry is one of the fastest growing forces in the market. Recent market research highlights the growth trend of the global PV installed capacity and revenue, from an annual 65,700 million € in 2013 up to a forecast of 105,850 million € by 2020 at an average CAGR 8.7%.Sungen, Jaca and Geetit have formed a consortium for the Focalstream project, in order to industrialise a novel product based on High Concentration Photovoltaic Thermal (HCPVT) technology and to train the critical stakeholders for its test, installation, operation and maintenance before the project finishes. Focalstream is a new cogenerator based in HCPVT technology with unique performances, gathering the most compact system in the market for thermal and electrical production in a single device. This novel HCPVT cogenerator produces simultaneously 3 kW electrical and 6 kW thermal power with an effective area 13.5 m2, saving a 55% of space , decreasing 40% the weight and increases 35% the solar light conversion compared with Solar thermal and Photovoltaic panels separately. Focalstream targets end users of buildings in the residential sector, where the electricity and heat demand can be easily covered with this system.	none given	none given	none given
82417	754171	PRODESA	ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT DEVELOPMENT FOR SOUTH ATTICA					2017-05-01	2022-01-31	2017-04-10	H2020	€ 1,058,760.00	€ 1,058,760.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	EE-22-2016-2017	Seven major municipalities in the Athens Metropolitan Area join efforts to launch showcase energy efficiency and renewable energy projects, utilizing innovative financial tools and attracting private investments.The projects comprise energy efficiency interventions in 116 municipal buildings, integration of a total 3.2 MW of photovoltaics on the roofs of these buildings and re-lamping for the municipal lighting. Total energy savings is 45.6 GWh/y and renewable electricity production is 4.8 GWh/y. Total cost for interventions is 20.24 M€ and the PRODESA cost is 1.06 M€. To achieve its objectives, the project shall focus on optimal bundling of the fragmented municipal projects to achieve considerable size, reasonable payback time and risk diversification. Bundling is also expected to lower processing costs.Pooling of resources is used to optimize financial results for all parties and to ensure high participation of ESCOs in the tenders. The newly introduced National Revolving Fund for Energy Efficiency and the Utility ESCO Fund will be part of the pool. Pooling will facilitate the exploitation of innovative financing schemes. Crowdfunding has been recently introduced in the Greek legislation and this tool will be carefully studied and applied.PRODESA is the first of its kind effort in Greece and aims to significantly contribute to the Energy Performance Contracting take-off. For this reason the project consortium has pooled together Key Actors such as the National Center for energy efficiency, the European Crowdfunding Network and entities with technical, financial and legal expertise.Being a showcase project, it emphasizes on capacity building, replicability, dissemination and exploitation of results. Two replicator municipalities are directly involved in the project and a network of at least 30 replicators will be initiated with the help of the Central Union of Municipalities of Greece.	none given	none given	none given
82429	662792	Suninbox	Portable SolUtioN for dIstributed geNeration in a BOX					2015-02-01	2015-05-31	2015-03-23	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2014-1	Our project arises from a joint business venture between Solarbox Solar Solutions (Solarbox) and Generaciones Fotovoltaicas de la Mancha (GFM) to develop a portable solution (Suninbox®) for the off-grid generation market. The joint venture started in 2007 for the design of a solar tracker (Patent ES 2322527B2) to increase the collection efficiency of solar systems by more than 30% whilst making it easy to transport to cover the lack of solutions in the market with good price/characteristics rate.Suninbox® consists of a portable Solar PV energy solution that integrates in a certified container all the components necessary to generate electricity autonomously. This will allow both Solarbox and GFM to gradually reach industrial scale with increasingly lower costs (objective price of 4.25 €/W per 12kWp module), increasing penetration in the international market.Our end users belong to specific markets where there is a need of affordable and portable off-grid energy sources (not connected to the main or national electrical grid):-RURAL AREAS: they represent 90% of all territory in the EU 27 and 56% of the population. They generate 43% of all economic value and support 55% of all employment. In these areas, there are 12,000 farms of which 69% are small remote farms of less than 5 Ha of agricultural land. -TRANSCEIVER STATIONS FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS: the off-grid energy source demand in this sector is steadily increasing with a forecast revenue growing from $1.6 billion in 2012 to more than $10.5 billion in 2020. There are approximately 5 million radio base station sites in the global telecommunication network, 900,000 located in areas where central electricity grid connections are unavailable. -RURAL ELECTRIFICATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: universal access by 2030 will require 399 TWh for mini-grids and 171 for off-grid. The global market potential is expected to be in the order of more than 250,000 million €.	none given	none given	none given
82434	684347	SUN4GREEN	MAXIMISING SUNLIGHT RESOURCES FOR COST, ENERGY AND YIELD EFFICIENT GREENHOUSES					2015-06-01	2015-09-30	2015-06-18	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2015-1	GHs are dominantly plastic foil covered structures and tunnels targeted to intensive and protected crop production. The maintenance of optimal temperatures and optimal light incidence is critical for high crop yields. In summer, GHs are typically white washed or shaded by nets or by screens, in order to avoid excess temperature in the GH. Standing out, this sunlight surplus can be turned into electricity by adding PV panels, which can supply electricity to the national grid and/or supply the required energy for a heating/cooling system for the optimal control of the GH micro-climate. However, previous attempts of dual harvesting, which have been performed mainly in Italy and Spain, used conventional PV panels or semi transparent PV panels that were positioned to receive maximum sunlight on the south facing roof of GHs and significantly shaded crops all year around, resulting in a significant a negative effect, not only with regards to high crop yields loss, up to 25% but also to negative effects on edibles and fruit size, hardness and colour, which reduce sell prices of affected crops.On the other hand, If PV panels would have been placed in other positioning then, PV harvesting would underperform and consequently PV yields would be reduced. SUN4GREEN new smart design directs light either into the greenhouse or to the PV panels depending on the season need.What makes SUN4GREEN different and revolutionary is that its performance is season dependant and is adapted to GH characteristics. Its design allows growers having real dual sun and crop harvesting targeted to obtain benefits from both sources, which is not possible with simple, direct PV technology implementation, not adaptable to seasonal agriculture requirements and where thus, agriculture was compromised to make room for PV electricity production. In addition, we achieve up to 75% CO2 savings by reducing dependence on fossil fuels.	none given	none given	none given
82439	663597	MeRIT	MeRIT – Maximising Renewable Energy Integration					2015-03-01	2015-05-31	2015-02-28	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2014-1	Esave has designed a Hybrid Energy Storage Solution which uniquely integrates flywheel kinetic energy storage, battery energy storage and power electronics technologies. MeRIT is ultra-fast responding, provides greater reliability, longer lifecycles, is environmentally sustainable, safer and offers overall best total cost of use (TOC) than any other solution.The overall objective of the MeRIT project is the commercialization of a new Hybrid Energy Storage System that ‘maximizes renewable energy integration’ through provision of fast-responding ancillary services, dramatically reduces the 60% – 70% capacity losses of wind and solar generation due to intermittency and no storage; it also reduces curtailment losses through synthetic inertia. MeRIT users will benefit from new ancillary services revenues, additional capacity revenues, reduction in curtailment losses and compliance with new grid code modifications. The Esave management team is highly entrepreneurial and has extensive experience and skills in design and manufacture of power electronics, development of computer systems, software, provision of electrical power quality services and consultancy. The objective of the Feasibility Study is to (1) Develop cost and payback financial models for the integration of MeRIT with wind and solar installations internationally. (2) Complete the planning process for the installation of a Demonstration System which will be installed on a windfarm in Ireland, controlled, monitored and validated by EirGrid, Ireland’s Transmission System Operator.MeRIT is at the stage of TRL5 and an operational prototype system is ready for installation. Esave is partnering with Mainstream Renewable Power, a major wind and solar developer/operator, who will facilitate the installation on a windfarm that they operate. The Energy Research Centre, University College Dublin – Energy Institute, is also partnering and assist in renewable integration expertise and system modelling.	none given	none given	none given
82445	674628	RAYGEN	A unique innovative utility scale solar energy technology that utilises a field of low cost heliostat collectors to concentrate sunlight onto an ultra-efficient multi-junction photovoltaic cell array					2015-05-01	2015-10-31	2015-05-23	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2014-1	Current utility PV installations require a large quantity of PV panels (semiconductors), space (land resources) and are consequently very capital intensive. RayGen offers a proprietary breakthrough utility scale solar energy technology that utilises a field of low cost heliostat collectors to concentrate sunlight onto an ultra-efficient multi-junction photovoltaic cell array located in a mast mounted central receiver. The technology combines the benefits of traditional PV with solar thermal energy installations and leverages several patents and trade secrets.The RayGen CSPV offers unique value to Energy Utility Companies and System integrators, such as 40% less collector area than CPV as well as 65% plant mass, performance 2.4x higher than conventional PV plants with only 0.1% of PV cells, cheaper and easier installation and maintenance, high reliability and most importantly capital expenditure 95% less than traditional PV. RayGen’s technology is also the leader in PV performance, since it presently holds (with the University of New South Wales, Australia) the world record solar system efficiency of 40.4%, independently verified by NREL.The technology has been validated with extensive lab tests and the Australian mother company is already testing the design in a pilot plant in Bridgewater Australia, supported by the Australian Government. The Phase 1 project will be focused on establishing a complete supply chain, a sound business model and commercialization strategy and to plan all activities for deploying a large scale pilot supported by a major energy utility company and partnering system integrator SMEs Nur Energie Ltd, Cautha Srl and Renience Srl.	none given	none given	none given
82447	673874	SBskin	SBskin. Smart Building skin					2015-05-01	2015-10-31	2015-04-17	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2014-1	The aim of the project SBskin is to assess the feasibility and to develop the business plan related to the commercialization of novel solutions of high architectural and technological quality for the increase of the share of renewable energies and, at the same time, for the improvement of the energy efficiency of the building envelope. The innovation project proposed by SBskin is related to the development of multifunctional translucent components for building façades and roofs, made of highly-insulating glassblocks integrated with 3rd generation semi-transparent PV cells and assembled in precast panels through an innovative dry assembly system. The precast system confers high mechanical resistance and enables to easily install at the same time the components of façade and roof and the PV system, which are directly connected to the load-bearing structure of buildings, reducing time and cost of construction and maintenance. The dry-assembly system makes the dismantling process significantly easier for both panels and subcomponents enabling also their easier recycling/reuse.Moreover, thanks to the features of such innovative PV cells (DSCs), the products proposed by SBskin are also characterized by a wide customizability in terms of colour, transparency and design that can improve their appeal for the BIPV market and their adaptation to the customers’ needs and the contemporary architecture trends.In the context of SBskin project and with the collaboration of other companies, in-depth market studies will be finalized also in relation to the countries where PCT related to SBskin products has been extended. Such studies will include a detailed price analysis and a large user involvement, in order to define the best strategy to launch the products in the target market, starting from possible installations in first pilot sites.	none given	none given	none given
82448	697197	HELIOtube	Inflatable solar collectors for a low cost CSP Plant with irreducibly small carbon footprint					2015-11-01	2017-10-31	2015-11-27	H2020	€ 2,632,932.00	€ 1,843,052.40	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2015	HELIOtube aims at demonstrating a cheaper and less resource intensive collector technology for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants setting the new gold standard for a power plant carbon footprint. Conventional technologies (parabolic troughs, Tower, Linear Fresnel, Parabolic Dish) are resource and energy intensive in construction, logistics and installation, leading to high costs and negative environmental impacts.HELIOVIS developed a lightweight pneumatic technology for solar concentrators which allows 55% cost savings and 40% CO2 reduction compared to the best future parabolic trough technologies. The HELIOtube is an inflatable cylindrical concentrator made of plastic films. Its full scale/commercial size is 220m long with a diameter of 9m. It can concentrate light by a factor of 100 and heats the thermal receiver fluid to a temperature of 400 to 600° C, enough to provide steam to turbines for electricity generation. HELIOtubes will be manufactured by a fully automated roll-to-roll process and in largequantities from commercially available recyclable plastic films (instead of the current steel-and-glass based technologies).The rolled HELIOtube can be transported in a standard container (simple logistics) and will be inflated at the site designated for the power plant. This offers significant competitive advantages in materials, production, logistics, and installation costs.The project objective is to design, deploy and run a large scale pilot in Spain, including the in-field test of transport and installation logistic operations. This demo will lead to the qualification necessary for commercialization. The project main proponent is the Austrian company HELIOVIS AG, holding the patents and the innovative know-how on the collector, that will work in collaboration with the German company MachtWissen, expert in widn protections engineering and production of components for solar thermal energy plants. HELIOtube will span 2 years with a budget of 3.5ML eur	none given	none given	none given
82471	683621	Synchronverter	Smart Synchronous inverter for grid’s stability					2015-06-01	2015-09-30	2015-07-16	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2015-1	The integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) plays a fundamental role in the development of Smart Grids. Nowadays, RES (solar, wind, etc.) and DERs (energy storage, EV, etc.) are connected to the grid via DC/AC converters (inverters). Now, these inverters do not provide ancillary services (power-frequency control, voltage control, etc.) like the synchronous generators (generators normally used in conventional power plants) do, which is required to avoid grid voltage and frequency fluctuations and faults. Since the amount of RES and DERs installations are drastically increasing in the world, there is an urgent need to implement smart inverters with these functionalities included. The Synchronverter facilitates the connection of RES and DERs to the grid causing a conventional inverter to mimic a synchronous generator, consequently, these power sources can actively participate in the grid stabilization in harmony with other generators. The Synchronverter has been developed by Synvertec an Israeli company seed-funded by Horizon Green Tech Ventures an investment alliance formed by Alstom S.A, Rotem Industries Ltd (Isralei company specialized in the commercialisation of advanced technologies) and Gefen Investmens ( a business incubator company). Synvertec is also participated by Israel Electric Corporation (IEC – Israeli Grid Operator) and the Office of the CHief Scientist (Israeli goverrmental R&D fostering office). Only the inverter’s market for renewable energy accounts for more than $11 billion in 2014. Synvertec aims to make a gradual approach by initially addressing inverters for PV and DES accounting for more than $7 billion in 2014 (out of which $3 billion in Europe). The benefits that this technology will bring to the market will make the proposed project profitable with an IRR of 18.56% over 8 years and a payback period of 5.5 years.	none given	none given	none given
82474	718197	HELITE	High precision and performance heliostat for variable geometry fields of Thermosolar Plants					2016-03-01	2016-08-31	2016-02-16	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2015-1	TEWER has verified that solar fields implemented today are calculated considering a unique design of heliostat and presenting heliostat is not only characterized by the energy which is able to reflect but by how it is reflected. The configuration of the solar field and the influence of geometrical factors are directly related to the production and it is essential to take into account regarding the design, all weather operation conditions in order to get a high technology performance.Until today, although the market is asking for it, there is no product that allows variable geometry designs of solar field, allowing them to increased the energy efficiency and the overall performance from the field, improving the relation benefit/cost of current systems.TEWER aims to use this need to sell their pioneer solution in the field of engineering for solar power energy by concentration to be able to demonstrate management companies of solar plants that their product offers a much more efficient and cost-effective technology than the one that exists currently.	none given	none given	none given
82603	711935	Re-Deploy	Re-deployable solar boilers based on concentrating solar collecotors for ESCO type sale of thermal energy to industrial processes.					2016-02-01	2019-01-31	2015-12-18	H2020	€ 2,893,152.75	€ 2,025,206.93	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2015	Our SME project addresses the vast and under-served market for solar process heat, defined as the provision of solar-generated heat to industrial thermal processes up to 250°C. This market is worth more than 26 billion €/year, with a current penetration rate of traditional solar thermal technologies of less than 0.02%.Our business idea eliminates any risk for the end user thanks to a first-of-its-kind business model which can be implemented only by exploiting our company’s unique set of achieved and planned technical developments on concentrated solar thermal systems.We will develop cost competitive re-deployable solar boilers, i.e. turn-key and easy-to-install concentrating solar thermal systems of at least 1MWt which can be used to sell heat (as opposed to equipment) to our target customers. Industrial users rarely want to commit to long term heat purchase contracts. Re-deployability and competitive cost enable us to offer minimal initial commitment (only 3 years) for the purchase of solar heat. Afterwards, if the client is happy he will continue to buy the energy, otherwise we can take the system back and re-deploy it (i.e. use it again at a different user’s site). This highly innovative commercial approach, made possible by the technological breakthrough of the system’s re-deployability, will boost market penetration.We will demonstrate the soundness of the proposed business concept by implementing – at real industrial sites in target geographic segments – two distinct pilot installations of approx. 2’500 m2 of net collecting surface (i.e. more than 1MWt) each, one with Fresnel and one with parabolic collectors.Market replication will be pursued by means of active communication to other potential users, and also to institutional and financial stakeholders. These communications will be used to expand Soltigua’s reach in its 7 already identified target market segments and will generate useful input to the finalisation of our investor-ready business plan.	none given	none given	none given
82608	649820	FLEXYNETS	Fifth generation, Low temperature, high EXergY district heating and cooling NETworkS					2015-07-01	2018-12-31	2015-04-10	H2020	€ 1,999,363.75	€ 1,999,363.75	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	EE-13-2014	District Heating and Cooling networks distribute energy from a centralized generation plant to a number of remote customers. As such, actual DHC systems suffer from• significant heat losses• highly unexplored integration potential of different available energy sources (e.g. renewables and waste heat) into the network• high installation costs.FLEXYNETS will develop, demonstrate and deploy a new generation of intelligent district heating and cooling networks that reduce energy transportation losses by working at “neutral” temperature levels. Reversible heat pumps and chillers will be used to exchange heat with the DHC network on the demand side. In this way, the same network can provide contemporary heating and cooling.FLEXYNETS solutions will integrate effectively multiple generation sources (including high- and low-temperature solar thermal, biomass, PV, cogeneration and waste heat) where they are available along the DHC network, by managing energy at different temperature levels and assuring optimized exergy exploitation.Together with storages, control strategies that optimize the harvest of renewable energy sources are key from the technical and economic points of view. On the one hand, strategies will be assessed that assure a thermal balance among diffused heat generation, storage and utilization. On the other, policies will be elaborated to decide when energy is to be gathered locally or exchanged (both purchased and sold) with the electricity and gas networks.The optimal management of such new generation networks will lead to a synergic effect on primary energy savings (hence on the reduction of the CO2 emissions), assuring at the same time investment and operation profitability. As such, FLEXYNETS will contribute to a higher penetration of smart DHC networks on the heating and cooling market, and will contribute to the European recovery plan.	none given	none given	none given
82610	662195	CHP	Upscaling and commercialization of a highly efficient wood pellets fired steam engine CHP for heat and power generation					2015-01-01	2015-05-31	2014-12-20	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2014-1	Upscaling and commercialization of a highly efficient wood pellets fired steam engine CHP for heat and power generation.The aim of this project is the upscaling and commercialization of a developed CHP (combined heat and power generatingsystem) comprising a highly efficient wood pellets fired steam engine. The CHP power output is 50kW electrical and 175kWthermal power with 20% electrical and 90% overall efficiency based on wood pellets . We achieve these test bench provenparameters by developing a steam engine technology with a new approach. The technology readiness level is TRL7. ThisCHP technology has a potential energy costs saving rate of up to 84% for customers compared to natural gas heating and grid power. This high efficiency is achieved by applying steam inlet conditions in excess of 500°C and 100bar. This technology is developed with the focus on costs, reliability, efficiency and mass production. The basic patent process will be finished in 2014. By applying this technology throughout the EU, the carbon dioxide production could be lowered significantly as the fuel for this technology is wood or any other solid biomass or organic waste, which is burned highly efficient within the process. As this technology has base load capability, this would be a perfect supplement for the existing renewable energy systems like photovoltaics and wind.Also, the dependency on fossil energy like oil and gas could be lowered. As the used fuel grows everywhere in the EU, theprice of energy produced by this technology will be lower. Moreover the price will be much more time stable as there arethousands of wood suppliers who make this market much more competitive than the existing fossil fuel market with themonopoly of only a few suppliers.The aim of of the feasibility study is to investigate the market positioning and commercialization strategy of the proposedupscaled CHP in terms of size, pricing and market launch strategy followed by the SME Phase 2 project.	none given	none given	none given
82644	683876	SoHo3X	Introducing a novel concept of solar photovoltaic module in the market					2015-07-01	2015-10-31	2015-06-19	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2015-1	For more than 40 years, solar photovoltaic modules have not changed. The idea of interconnected cells sandwiched between glass and back sheet is still the same, and basically only the cell efficiency has increased. Given that cost reduction is a market driver in the photovoltaic business, it is necessary to pursue all fields leading to cost reduction and efficiency increase, including also module design. As a substitute for crystalline silicon flat modules, a new design of a trackless 3D concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) module has been designed and prototypes built. Its key characteristic is the use of holograms as optic concentrating devices in combination with other optical elements to obtain high optical efficiency achieving a concentration factor of 3X without tracking. Prototypes have been measured under industry relevant conditions. Results show the enormous potential of the design: up to 91% more annual performance ratio than conventional flat silicon fixed modules. Mass manufacturing costs of such modules have been estimated below EUR 0.40 per watt peak, i.e., even below silicon flat module. Given all these premises and the potential this product has in the growth and internationalization of the company, a business plan to launch this novel PV module product to the market is proposed in the present project. The business plan will cover all aspects for the company to enter the photovoltaic market with this product, among others: the analysis of technical risks and technical steps towards commercialization, including automated production lines, market survey of possible competitors, potential customers and markets segments, etc. The report must analyze all these issues and propose answers to how to approach them.	none given	none given	none given
82648	696519	NanoSol	Accelerating Commercialization of Nanowire Solar Cell Technologies					2016-02-01	2019-04-30	2015-11-30	H2020	€ 2,486,250.00	€ 1,740,375.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2015	Sol Voltaics has developed SolFilm, a nanowire-based photovoltaic film cell which can be integrated on existing Silicon PV modules to create a tandem module device, improving conversion efficiency by more than 50%. The current newrecord-holding 15.3% efficiency GaAs nanowire photovoltaic device is based on SolFilm. Sol Voltaics uses a novel manufacturing process (Aerotaxy), reducing the cost of NW film production by 90% compared to existing (MOCVD) thin film processes. The NanoSol project will improve the Aerotaxy production methodologies further to deliver improved SolFilm products and costs. The project will demonstrate the cost effectiveness of the innovative production methodology for creating nanowire films and encapsulation of them into SolFilm solar cells, ready for integration with traditional c-Si into high performance tandem modules. The project will validate the performance improvements by supplying samples and test results (verified by an official testing institute) to at least three different customers, either PV module manufacturers or other potential customers. The aim is to verify increased efficiency potential of over 18% for a stand-alone product and >25% for a tandem product. Finally, the project will prepare the technology for large-scale industrialization and commercialisation, supported by an ecosystem of partners and customers. The project has a duration of 30 months and an expected EC contribution of 1.75M Euros.	none given	none given	none given
82665	651970	POLYSOLAR	A light weight, recyclable, tracking support system, for solar photovoltaic modules based on inflatable polymer membranes					2014-10-01	2015-03-31	2014-09-26	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2014-1	POLYSOLAR Short SummaryEstablished in 2009 in Berlin, Germany, Solardynamik provides renewable energy consulting services, conducts researches and develops innovative solutions for the solar PV sector. We have developed, patented and demonstrated an innovative, light-weight, tracking support system for solar PV modules based on a recyclable, inflatable polymer membrane. Support systems are used to hold solar modules in place and may be either fixed-tilt or tracking types. Tracking types orient PV modules toward the sun to improve efficiency.The main advantages of the system are: Up to 68% less cost than SoA and 70% lighter; Up to 30% more annual energy production than fixed-axis solutions; Compact and light weight – cost effective transport and installation, can be used on wider range of light weight structures; Can fully deflate under wind loads – suitable for use in hurricane prone regions; Up to 44% less CO2 emission in manufacture; Transparent body provides architectual advantages, allows light penetration when mounted as a lattice or when used with semi-transparent solar cells, lighting applications; 100% recyclable, and future polymers from renewable sources; Dual use of land with exisiting agricultual or other activity (eg carport).We expect to enter the market in 2017, after securing external funding of around €2.2 million. and predict a total net income in the range of €4.29 million over a 5-year period. Additionally we create 38 new positions in our company over that period.In Phase 1 our objectives are: 1.) to analyse the results of the prototype demonstration to identify potential improvements; 2.) to identify potential manufacturers of the system components; 3.) to further assess and protect our intellectual property; 4.) to perform a detailed study of the target markets; 5.) to identify and assess potential distribution partners in Europe and abroad.	none given	none given	none given
82671	711809	MirrorPV	MirrorPV – Balanced growth photovoltaic generation with Roof PV mirrors					2015-12-01	2016-05-31	2015-11-25	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2015-1	The strategic aim of SCA Development Ltd. (SCAD), and our intentions regarding potential Phase 2 funding, is production start-up and market uptake of “MirrorPV” innovative solution.The main objective of MirrorPV phase 1 project is to perform a feasibility study of our innovation idea in order to verify the technological, practical, market and economic viability of the innovation.MirrorPV is an innovative patent pending technology that increases the productivity of the photovoltaic solar systems when the sun is low above the horizon by increasing their illumination.The specific objectives of SCAD towards MirrorPV phase 2 and phase 3 project and expected outcomes by 2018 are – To develop the MirrorPV innovation to a series of prefabricated modules with a different shape, width, height and inclination towards PV panels; To develop and establish a distribution network for the Balkan market by the end of 2017 and penetration the rest of European market by the end of 2018; Using specific communication and promotion channels, to demonstrate the efficiency, capability and qualities MirrorPV as cost effective solution; To achieve commercialization of the MirrorPV in EU market by the end of 2018.Specific objectives of the MirrorPV feasibility study – Study and analysis of the current mode of operation of MirrorPV. Evaluation of alternatives – the influence of the different shape of the mirrors on the equability of irradiation of the entire area of the PV panels; Definition of operating requirements for production start-up and market uptake of MirrorPV; Identification and analysis of the critical risk factors. Development of contingency plan; Deep study and analysis of the market environment, market segmentation and development of most suitable for MirrorPV marketing and sales strategy; Overall assessment of project viability; Establishment of intellectual property issues; Identification of the most relevant partners for development and implementation of phase 2 project;	none given	none given	none given
82672	652124	HEATBOOST	Sorption Heat-pump Component Boosting Energy-efficiency in Gas-fired Boilers					2014-10-01	2015-03-31	2014-09-05	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2014-1	Swedish award-winning cleantech company and leading supplier of sorption heat-pump components ClimateWell has recently made a technology breakthrough: A new, salt-liquid working couple that both raises the energy efficiency in gas-fired boilers and increases the temperature lift, making it possible to heat pump outside ambient air (as its renewable energy source) down to -20°C. This enables retrofitting in houses with old, high temperature radiators, while achieving a Seasonal COP (SCOP) of over 130%. The solution can easily be combined with solar thermal collectors to achieve a SCOP of up to 170%.Working already with major OEMs like GE and Alfa Laval in other applications, ClimateWell is targeting the European gas boiler OEMs such as Vaillant, BDR and Ariston to develop a Gas Heat Pump (GHP) product in which ClimateWell’s HeatBoost component is integrated.It potentially saves more than 33% of the natural gas consumption (500 EUR per year) for a typical European household using a condensing gas boiler today. The cost premium can be paid off in less than 4 years, making it an attractive investment for the end-user.While the target market for domestic space heating in Europe is huge with an installed base of 90 million boilers and over 8 million sold every year, the potential environmental impact is even bigger with a total reduction of CO2 footprint of 61.5 million tonnes/year.In this 6-month Feasibility Study, ClimateWell will verify the technical and commercial feasibility of integrating ClimateWell’s new sorption component into a gas boiler system. The goal is to establish collaboration with leading European boiler manufacturers for the continued development of a GHP product and apply for funding of a Phase 2 project.A successful outcome of the project means that once the GHP product has been commercialised in 3-5 years, ClimateWell’s potential revenue for providing some 2 million HeatBoost components per year to boiler manufacturers is 1 billion EUR.	none given	none given	none given
82675	684528	PVFINAL	Photo Voltaic Fully Integrated and Automated Line					2015-07-01	2015-12-31	2015-06-12	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2015-1	Teknisolar is developing a series of efficient, cost-effective and totally innovative technology solutions to manufacture high quality and low cost solar panels that will contribute to decarbonise and make more efficient the European energy system in a sustainable way. The panels we intend to produce are expected to give a strong contribution to: 1. Reaching the grid parity with fossil and nuclear energy sources in the large scale power generation2. Reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint in the solar panels manufacturing technologyTeknisolar project’s ambition is now to demonstrate the ability to produce, in an industrial large scale plant, highly efficient panels using new generation solar cells, which can ensure higher efficiency for a life that is at least double, compared to that of inferior imported products. We intend then to build a fully automated PV manufacturing line, able to produce special PV panels with over 20% more efficiency at relatively low cost, offering the chance to easily achieve the grid parity.	none given	none given	none given
82692	672729	Omniflow	Next-generation hybrid wind and solar power technology					2015-05-01	2015-07-31	2015-04-20	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2014-1	Wind power is a source of effectively infinite local energy. However, conventional horizontal axis wind turbines arecontroversial in many communities – they are noisy, visually distracting and they vibrate. An obvious disadvantage of wind(eolic) technology is that power generation diminishes when there is no wind. State-of-the-art eolic technologies do not workwell in urban environments, which experience vertical and turbulent wind conditions. Solar PV systems’ main disadvantageis that energy generation peaks during the day while consumption peaks at night, increasing the need for expensiveelectricity storage (batteries).The core innovation of Omniflow is our patented omnidirectional wind turbine. By integrating Omniflow with both new andexisting photovoltaic (PV) solar energy systems we can offset non-linear solar PV electricity generation and weak eolicmicrogeneration throughout the day and throughout the year in different meteorological conditions (currently up to 8.8 kW,with PV). Thanks to its design, Omniflow works well in urban environments. There is no visible motion, and it is fullyoperational both on and off the electrical grid. The applications and target markets range from distributed energy to novel,autonomous telecommunication base stations and intelligent lighting, in urban, rural and crisis-management environments inthe EU/worldwide, and has a TRL 6-7, depending on the application.If we confirm that Omniflow represents a significant business opportunity through the feasibility study in SMEI phase 1, wewill proceed to apply for funding in phase 2: objectives include improving our turbine designs to optimize wind to electricityconversion; adapting our technology to a range of meteorological conditions in different regions; and navigating theregulations and certifications necessary for implementation within the international energy and telecom sectors (TRL 8). Weproject a net profit of 5,792,117€ by 2017, as detailed in this proposal.	none given	none given	none given
82711	674102	SOLARGE45	Towards a SOLAR enerGy Efficiency of 45 %					2015-05-01	2015-09-30	2015-04-08	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2014-1	The overall objective of the SOLARGE45 project is to accelerate the market introduction of a new Concentration PhotoVoltaic (CPV) technology, called the MF45 System, which yields the highest efficiency all year round, without giving up simplicity, and therefore enables the lowest manufacturing costs. The MF45 System will be capable to convert the equivalent of 45% of the direct sun light into clean electricity at costs equivalent to those of conventional sources (CO2 intensive). This represents conversion efficiency increases of 30% and 60% relative to other commercial CPV systems and FP systems, respectively. As result of the SOLARGE45 project, LPI aims to become a worldwide reference manufacturer and supplier of a novel CPV System able to generate profits in large-scale utility solar plants, and without the support of government policies backing up clean electricity. This will bring a positive impact in the challenge stressed in the ‘Secure, Clean and Efficient Energy’ Work Programme: low-cost, low carbon electricity supply.Through the Phase 1 of the SME Instrument LPI will be able to assess the industrial and commercial feasibility of the business innovation project proposed for introducing the MF45 System into the market. The specific objectives that must be achieved in the course of the Feasibility Study are the following:- To define the MF45 System specifications needed to assure long-term-performance under real operation conditions to guarantee product bankability and standard certification- To assess different product-development and industrial process pilot plant alternatives with optimal quality within cost and reliability balance – To identify the specific operational and financial resources and/or partners to cover the whole MF45 System manufacturing and commercialisation – To assess the feasibility of the preliminary Market Strategy and Commercialisation Plan, by an in-depth study of the MF45 System market size and barriers.	none given	none given	none given
82717	666507	ADVANCED-BIPV	NEW GENERATION OF BIPV-GLASS WITH ADVANCED INTEGRATION PROPERTIES					2015-04-01	2017-03-31	2015-03-18	H2020	€ 2,695,887.50	€ 1,887,121.25	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2014	This project proposal starts to walk pursuing to accomplish the following main general objective: to overcome the main limiting factors of BIPV technology strengthening its competitiveness by developing new generation PV glazing satisfying the well-defined market demanded architectural trends. ONYX will face this main goal by developing a new family of products referred as Novel XL-BIPV glazing units, High-Mechanical Resistance PV units and high performing vision glazing based on PV thin film transparent panes (transparency over 50%) being market ready within the 24 forthcoming months. During the lifetime of the project, main challenges will be faced and overtaken by well-defined approaches. Out of the technical challenges ONYX will establish a very well defined commercialization and marketing strategy targeting global markets and main green building and architectural glazing stakeholders. ONYX ambition will be reaching the blue ocean concept. In other words, by developing BIPV products with undeniable added value achieving a clear market differentiation from our competitors leading to a greater range of coverage of the architectural glass industry, gaining the attention of prestigious end users as clients, and promoting a sense of market dominance by offering products that others cannot. The final goal will be achieving a 4,3% market share of the global BIPV business by 2020. It means to double or quadruplicate our actual share of 1% in a market that will grow from $823 million ($US) in 2014 to $2.7 billion in 2019 (30% growth/per year). On the other hand, it should be pointed out that this project proposal fits perfectly with general EU policies in terms of sustainability as for instance Energy Performance of Building Directives. In summary, by executing this project ONYX seeks to become a world leader not only in BIPV, but also in high-performing architectural glazing and Green Building Sector developing BIPV unique solutions.	none given	none given	none given
82718	672421	Heat2Energy	Demonstrating a highly-efficient and cost-effective energy conversion technology for waste heat recovery					2015-05-01	2015-09-30	2015-04-17	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2014-1	The project presents a new energy conversion technology for low-grade waste heat recovery. It transforms thermal energy (80°C – 400°C) from different heat sources on demand either in mechanical, electrical energy or higher/lower temperature levels. The working principle is: Due to a waste heat supply a working medium expands against a working fluid and against the Energy Converting Unit that works as a hydraulic engine to generate different kind of energy forms. Heat2Energy achieves much higher overall efficiencies of >20% than conventional technologies like ORC. The users can be found world-wide, where ever thermal processes happen. They are either application-specific end users (private, public organisations, individuals), components manufacturers for integration in their own products/processes or system manufacturers. Depending on the heat source advent, the potential markets are: Industry (waste heat recovery; efficiency increase of existing power plants), Home (energy efficiency increase of buildings), Renewables (solar thermal, biomass, geothermal) and Mobility (energy-efficient drives for ships, locomotives and trucks). The commercial potential to recover the industrial waste heat in Europe is estimated at 2,000 PJ/a. In Germany, the market value of waste heat recovery exceeds €25 Billion/a. It is a growing high volume market as applications are so manifold across many sectors. The economic benefits are substantial energy cost savings, reduction of GHG emissions and the possibility of operating energy-autonomous applications. The technology significantly contributes to the sustainable use of natural resources and to secure and decarbonise the European energy system including the integration of renewables. The feasibility assessment shall prepare the demonstration of the technology in the cement industry to provide mechanical drive for the screw-type compressor to generate compressed air, to elaborate the business plan and to finally promote the technology.	none given	none given	none given
82723	651441	DeReco	Feasibility Study on Decentralised Heat Recovery					2014-10-01	2015-02-28	2014-09-26	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2014-1	Despite a continued depletion of natural resources, ongoing increases in expenditures on energy and tighter legal constrains with regards to emission targets, more than half of the energy currently used in industrial plants, processes and engines all over the globe is wasted as residual heat or waste heat into the environment. En3, a young technology company, founded in 2009 in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany, has developed an expansion device for small scale Waste Heat Recovery systems (WHR-systems). Small scale means a net AC power rating of the WHR-system from about 1 to 50 kW. EN3’s WHR-system is based on the Clausius Rankine Cycle (CRC) or alternatively on the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) technology and can substantially improve the efficiency of industrial processes, engines and facilities. They lower the primary energy consumption, improve the efficiency of engines and processes, reduce emissions and protect the environment and resources.The great advantage of the technology is the flexibility in terms of the heat source. In principle WHR-systems can be adapted to different kinds of heat sources. Above-average market potential for the environmentally friendly and CO2 neutral electricity and heat production is identified for waste heat delivered from exhaust gas of combustion engines. Further applications are seen in the power generation through biomass combustion as well as in the geothermal and solar thermal energy generation.The objective of the overall innovation project (phase one to three) is to develop and commercialise EN3’s small scale WHR-technology. The objective of this feasibility study (phase one) is an analysis of the market for EN3’s small scale WHR-systems in the EU leading to an elaborated business plan showing entry and growth markets in Europe and outlining a clear plan of EN’s path forward – both financially and technically. The primary objective of the feasibility study is to identify the best entry market in the EU.	none given	none given	none given
82724	711041	DIMONTEMP	Distributed Monitoring of HTF Temperature at Solar Thermal Power Plants					2016-02-01	2016-07-31	2015-12-17	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SIE-01-2015-1	Solar thermal plants have an important potential to be the energy of the future, but that technology has a very high Levelised Cost of Energy largely due to the high Operation and Maintenance (O&M) cost. To optimize those costs, an intensive control of the Heat Thermal Fluid (HTF) is needed because it presents several problems such as degradation, freezing and overheating. Nowadays only few specific HTF pipe points are controlled, because of the length of it, up to 10 km. The general objective of DIMONTEMP project is the development and further commercialization of an innovative system for DISTRIBUTED MONITORING of HTF temperature through the entire solar field at PTC plants, using optical fiber (FO) allowing a reduction of HTF O&M cost of 38% which represent the 6% of overall O&M cost (120 k€/year). Furthermore, it will enable an 8% increase of production (500k€/year).DIMONTEMP has the following specific objectives in this stage:- Development of a business and exploitation plan adjusted to the technical and commercial features of the project, including the assessment of the cost-effectiveness and exploitation potential.- Design of a commercial feasibility assessment compromising logistics and marketing plan where the market positioning of customers, competitors and technical environments will be analysed. – Detailed analysis of the regulatory standards to be met by the new system.- Complete the patentability study including a freedom to operate analysis in the first-stage targeted markets in order to bolster the IPR strategy for DIMONTEMP system.- Study the main bottlenecks and possible solutions for the commercialisation of the product to reduce risks and tackle de main barriers associated to the introduction on the market- Develop a technical assessment to identify limitations or constraints of the technology and customer’s requirements. Moreover a scalability study if the industrial production process will be carried out	none given	none given	none given
82822	663913	WATLY	An autonomous and mobile water treatment plant powered by solar energy					2015-02-01	2015-04-30	2015-02-06	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.5.	SC5-20-2014-1	Water and energy are highly interdependent and are both crucial to human well-being and sustainable socio-economic development. In 2014, the UN reports that 768 million people worldwide still do not have access to a safe source of drinking water, and more than 1.3 billion lack access to electricity.We have developed the Watly® unit with the goal of providing a solution for fast, simple and efficient wastewater treatment and energy supply in developing and/or remote regions. Watly combines cutting-edge technologies to offer i) complete sanitation for well, surface ground, sea or recycled rain water, ii) off-grid electricity from solar energy and iii) Wi-Fi internet connectivity, all in one portable autonomous unit.Watly embodies the ambition of a European company to address a global market. The wide range of customers worldwide that could benefit from this all-in-one solution include diverse market segments such as: Governments and public institutions, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) and foundations, mobile hospitals, military organizations, hotels/resorts/businesses in remote destinations, massive open-air events, oil platforms, gas/oil & construction sites, etc.Scale-up beyond our current prototypes and industrialization of the production process is the key to growth and expansion of our company taking advantage of a new market opportunity. In order to do so, we are applying for SME Instrument Phase 1 funds to: (i) elaborate an exhaustive technical feasibility study focused on scale-up beyond our current prototypes, design and industrialization of the final commercial unit of Watly-L; (ii) elaborate a detailed business plan for the commercialization of Watly-L at the conclusion of the envisaged Phase 2 project. If the results of the feasibility study, both from the technical and commercial point of view, are positive, we will proceed to apply for Phase 2 funds in order to carry out the abovementioned scale-up, product refinement and industrialization tasks.	none given	none given	none given
82825	775297	WADI	THE INDICATOR FOR SOLAR WATER DISINFECTION					2017-05-01	2017-08-31	2017-05-12	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.5.	SMEInst-11-2016-2017	Even though water is a fundamental resource for human-beings, millions of people around the world lack an access to safe drinking water as they can hardly afford/ have access to current water disinfection methods, such as filtration, boiling, chlorination or ultra violet radiation. Amongst all available water disinfection techniques, solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a known method, acknowledged by several entities such as the United Nations and the World Health Organization as a cheap and effective way for communities to treat their water and eliminate microbial pathogens. However, it is not easy to correctly estimate the time needed for the sun to disinfect the contaminated water, as the duration of the process depends on the UV-radiation received, which depends on different parameters of the “environment”, e.g. weather, altitude, etc.At Helioz we identified the potential of SODIS in 2010, and ever since 2013 we have been devoted to the development of WADI, a solar-powered UV-measurement device which, by simply placing it next to the PET-bottles containing contaminated water, will tell the user the exact state of disinfection, acting as a precise indicator for SODIS. In this way, using WADI in combination with SODIS to fight against waterborne diseases will allow an easy access to disinfected drinking water: as confirmed by the WHO, it meets microbiological performance criteria for household water treatment technologies and is classified as providing targeted protection. With this project we aim to fully develop and commercialize our solution, and turn it into a real competing product that will dramatically decrease cost of clean and disinfected water in BoP countries, transforming users from donation recipients into educated customers. Moreover, it will also enable the growth of our company, as we expect to reach revenues of €12 million in the first 3 years of commercialization.	none given	none given	none given
82849	673647	Watergate	Watergate: Development of a low-cost solar desalination technology					2015-05-01	2015-10-31	2015-04-10	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.5.	SC5-20-2014-1	The Watergate project aims to bring to the market by 2017 the most competitive desalination solution for middle scale applications, a market niche accounting for 900 Million € of annual investment in 2014. Its major value-added lies in the unique combination of a total independence on fossil fuel, the solution requiring only solar energy, and very competitive water costs ranging between 0.80€ and 2€/m3 for applications above 100m3/day. The major innovation of Watergate lies in the fact that the whole system “desalination-energy source” has been redesigned, resulting in an integrated system that solves the critical issue of the low efficiency of renewable energy desalination. The value-added of Watergate relies on two pillars: – The reduction of the size of the required solar field by more than 20% through a minimization of the energy consumption and a maximization of the energy efficiency; – The absorption of the variations in energy intensity, making it possible to work without any complementary energy source. The market potential for Watergate is substantial. It will not only target the current low to middle scale market accounting for 500,000 m3/day of yearly installed capacity, it will also boost the development of desalination in energy importing countries: Spain, Malta, Cyprus, Greece and Israel; as well as extend the scope of the market to users with no access to fossil fuel. Under Phase 1 of the SME Instrument, the feasibility study will first focus on the definition of the business positioning of Cyrga. The resulting identification of the targeted segments and the relevant business model will make it possible to develop a corresponding marketing strategy and adapt the financial plan, providing the missing parts for the elaboration of a strategic business plan by September 2015. The objective for phase 2 would be to develop a real-life demonstrator, based on a prototype currently under development, which should be achieved by the second half of 2015.	none given	none given	none given
82917	728607	ANSWER	Adaptive Nozzle valve system for Solar Water powered desalination					2016-05-01	2016-10-31	2016-04-27	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.5.	SMEInst-11-2016-2017	Solar Water Solutions (SWS) is a company developing solar and wind powered reverse osmosis (RO) water desalination plants for remote islands and locations. In the core of the business is a patented innovation, ANVS technology which enables the use of solar panels or wind turbines without the need of using expensive batteries in RO desalination which is not possible with the current desalination plants. Furthermore, Solar Water Solutions water desalination plant has zero fuel costs and zero CO2 emissions. The business opportunity for Solar Water Solutions in remote islands and locations is potentially over a 100 million € yearly. SWS solution fits small water desalination plant market well. This is a niche in the total fresh water production market.The global water desalination market is expected to grow to 30 billion US$ market in 2025 and experience a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16.8% from 1997 to 2019. The areas which rely on water desalination for fresh water are found in Oceania, the Middle East and Africa. All coastal (or brackish water) areas without municipal and water infrastructure are potential markets. Small communities, islands, resorts, private properties and catastrophic units could use this solution for fresh water supply. Jordan, which practically has no natural sweet water, has 80 million m3 of brackish water available in the Jordan valley. In our case study of a small rural community of 3,000 people, the daily use of sweet water is less than 3 liters per capita. With our approach we could grow it to 10 litres. The SWS technology is now ready for industrial size pilot testing and the product will be ready for market in Q3/2016. SWS would be the first-to-market with a battery-less solar powered desalination plant. The commercial phase will start in September 2016 after the pilot project, market feasibility study and a business plan has been successfully completed.	none given	none given	none given
82969	718404	REACH	Renewable Energy and Connectivity Hub					2016-03-01	2016-08-31	2016-02-28	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.5.	SC5-20-2015-1	Being a world leader in e-learning, e-banking and remote healthcare, EU companies are yet struggle to access the potential market of 1.4 billion off-grid people in developing regions. Off-grid communities in these regions rely on mobile phones for communication and to access essential services such as money transfer, healthcare. Without viable renewable alternatives, off-grid power in developing regions is currently provided through highly unsustainable fossil fuelled methods, and internet connectivity is exceptionally limited. This creates a significant business opportunity for providing reliable, clean and affordable charging for mobile phones and internet access. BuffaloGrid has developed a unique solar power based Hub system and a patent-pending remote payment control mechanism by which mobile phones (or other devices) can be charged under the control of a central server to ensure accountability, transparency and market insights. By combining renewable power and internet connectivity, BuffaloGrid enables EU companies to deliver essential internet-based services (e.g., e-health, e-education, e-governance etc) in developing regions. BuffaloGrid supplies Hubs free to local agents, offering them opportunities to provide mobile charging and internet access to their local communities. This will stimulate local enterprise, encourage entrepreneurship and boost economic development. BuffaloGrid’s unique model of providing the Hub for free, and unlocking access to power, allows demand to be met without charging high fees. Powered by solar energy, BuffaloGrid Hubs are emission-free during use and BuffaloGrid will take back Hubs for upgrade/ remanufacture/recycling at EoL (End-of-Life). During this project BuffaloGrid will develop a detail design of cost-optimised, mass-producible BuffaloGrid Hub with EU supply chain. It will also develop a detail business plan which will include partnership with potential local agents and EU online-based service providers.	none given	none given	none given
82981	718003	SolardeSaLt	A Renewable Approach for Industrial Water Desalination by using Hybrid Photovolt					2016-02-01	2016-05-31	2016-02-22	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.5.	SC5-20-2015-1	According to the World Water Council (WWC), by the year 2050, our energy needs will have increased by approximately 60%. Understanding the interactions between water and energy is important to further develop our water security. It is estimated that 15% of world-wide water use is for industrial purpose and industrial water pollution is a major source of damage to ecosystems and human health throughout the world. Sustainable water management is recognised as a priority for several industry sectors and is vital to reduce water and energy use. The development of evaporation technologies together with the use of renewable energies becomes a promising solution to get rid of the fossil dependence and met the European Union combined targets for water and energy sustainably, but additional effort is required from both industries in order to market uptake low cost and energy efficient water treatment solutions in the mid-term. On the other side, the global water and wastewater (W&WW) generation market revenue is estimated in 3.5 Billion Euros by 2017 with a CAGR of 5.6%. The previous scenario have encouraged Hydro Italia SRL, an environmental oriented company with 20 years of experience in the water field, to develop the SolardeSaLt solution. SolardeSalt is a medium size water evaporation system which employs evaporation technology coupled with hybrid PV-Thermal (PVT) panels to produce desalinated water. This technology will significantly improve the present techno-economic efficiency (industrial evaporators efficiency is around 90-95%) of high capacity solar evaporation systems and therefore, reduce the cost of water production from 35 to 40% .SolardeSalt will be focused on the W&WW treatment solutions field, which was represented by a market share of 2 Billion EUR in 2012 . Furthermore, Hydro Italia presents the support of EndeF Engineering, a PVT panel supplier, to provide their PVT hybrid solar panels to test the pilot version of SolardeSaLt.	none given	none given	none given
82985	775020	W2W – Wind and Solar	Innovative system for medium scale water desalination 100% powered by renewable energies					2017-06-01	2017-09-30	2017-05-30	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.5.	SMEInst-11-2016-2017	We are RAINMAKER, a Dutch SME specialized in providing sustainable and disruptive solutions to combat water scarcity. We have developed W2W –water to water- the first water desalination system fully off-grid and fully powered by renewable energies (wind & solar).Within Europe, especially western and Southern regions suffer water shortages, which will become increasingly more frequent and severe due to water demands and climate change. Seawater represents an inexhaustible resource to produce drinking water. However, conventional desalination techniques are extremely energy-intensive that are designed for large-scale capacity plants. Its cost is prohibitive for zones than require a smaller production of water. W2W is an innovative option for obtaining safe drinking water from seawater, brackish water or even polluted groundwater. The system consists of a wind turbine connected to a heat pump that is powered by solar energy when wind flow decreases, thus 100% powered by renewable energies. The thermal energy created by the power unit is used in a state-of-the-art membrane distillation system to evaporate and then condense feedwater from a water source to create fresh, pure water. A single unit of W2W can desalinate more than 95,000 litres of water a day, which can provide drinking water for more than 800 people without any grid connection. Water is produced locally directly where it is needed without the need for long distribution nets and associated energy costs. Our system is targeted to coastal municipalities in the Mediterranean that need to increase their water purification capacity. Disaster relieve and emergency response operations can also benefit from W2W: it provides drinking water without the need of any energy/fuel supply, exactly the things that are normally lacking in such areas. Thanks to the development of this innovation we expect to gain a strong position in a highly attractive market currently worth 8.8 billion € and growing at a CARG of 9%.	none given	none given	none given
83018	719712	Desolenator	Green and Affordable Water Supply for All					2016-03-01	2016-08-31	2016-03-08	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.5.	SC5-20-2015-1	The Desolenator team offer a novel technology that uses an original photovoltaic system to collect both thermal and electrical power in order to desalinate and purify water from any source. The off-grid household product is on track to become the most affordable and environmentally friendly method of distilling water from any source. We believe Desolenator can make a major contribution to global drinking water shortages. Our team have developed and patented the core enabling technology behind the system “the desalination engine”. Our product development strategy involves developing different product variants of this core desalination engine (i.e. a premium product, a low cost unit, a community scale unit and niche market units) so that we can meet the needs of different global markets. At present, Desolenator do not clearly understand the market definition and user requirements in Southern Europe, and this is the focus of the enclosed Phase 1 Feasibility Study. We will work with market research experts to complete this project. The first stage of this plan will involve completing detailed research of market dynamics, water supply and regulatory issues in water stressed Southern European states (Malta & Cyprus). We will then work to identify our customers and understand their needs and purchasing requirements. Finally we will use our results to partner with relevant organisations. Desolenator can substantially improve the quality of life for European citizens suffering from water stress & contamination issues. Our technology can provide new water supply options to those in need, and completing this project will enable us to reduce stress on aquifers/reservoirs, reduce user anxiety during summer months and decrease dependence on imports. This project provides a stepping stone for our global expansion and job creation aims and will enable us to tackle the global water crisis.	none given	none given	none given
83033	698688	WATLY	An autonomous and mobile water treatment plant powered by solar energy					2015-10-01	2017-10-31	2015-10-15	H2020	€ 2,025,500.00	€ 1,417,850.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.5.	SC5-20-2015	Water and energy are highly interdependent and are both crucial to human well-being and sustainable socio-economic development. 1.1 billion people worldwide do not have access to a safe source of drinking water; 1.3 billion people lack access to electricity; 5 billion people worldwide still have no access to internet.Our innovative solution Watly addresses the increasing global demand for safe sources of drinking water and green off-grid electricity, by combining highly efficient photovoltaic panels with thermal energy production, used to desalinate and purify water in-situ. Watly also provides internet connectivity and mobile chargers in remote areas. Our customers are: Governments and public institutions, NGOs, mobile hospitals, military organizations, hotels/resorts/businesses in remote destinations, oil platforms, etc. WATLY’s success depends on the fulfilment of the following objectives:- Scale-up Watly 2.0 to Watly 3.0 able to treat up to 4,500l of water and produce 70 kWh of electricity per day, boosting its readiness level from TRL7 to TRL9- Certification and live Demonstration of Watly 3.0- Succesfull final Business Innovation Plan and commercialization activities for Watly 3.0The investment cost of Watly 3.0 could be a strong barrier for the public sector and NGOs. To overcome this barrier Watly will include additional features and 2 kinds of revenues channels for the Watly operator:• Vending Machine: It is a model created for the public sector of remote areas, with medium-low purchasing power. Watly will include specific hardware to act as a vending machine, which will give a certain amount of water/energy/connectivity in exchange of a small economic input• Lively Donors: It is a model strictly created for NGOs. Watly will integrate a web platform and a mobile App which will allow external donors, i.e. philanthropists from rich countries, to remotely donate money giving a certain amount of water/energy/connectivity to the needy person	none given	none given	none given
83068	764805	EU HEROES	EU routes for High pEnentration of solaR PV into lOcal nEtworkS					2017-09-01	2020-08-31	2017-07-26	H2020	€ 1,230,557.50	€ 1,230,557.50	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	LCE-21-2017	The overall aim of the project is to enable the continued development of community-owned PV by developing viable business models that address the concerns of network operators. The project will work with communities and network operators to develop approaches that will enable subsidy-free solar PV projects that have a neutral or positive impact on network management. The project will: 1. Identify and develop social enterprise models that enable increased deployment of solar PV in grid-constrained areas.2. Carry out cost-benefit analysis and economic feasibility assessment and develop business models that enable community groups to store, utilise, aggregate and trade solar electricity within localities as well as simply exporting excess energy to the grid.3. Empower citizens to have greater ownership over their energy supply, through removing key barriers to community PV, democratising energy and recycling profits from energy generation into host communities.	none given	none given	none given
83081	727272	ETIP PV – SEC	Support to all stakeholders from the Photovoltaic sector and related sectors to contribute to the SET-Plan					2016-10-01	2018-09-30	2016-08-31	H2020	€ 596,812.50	€ 596,812.50	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	LCE-36-2016-2017	The European Technology and Innovation Platform Photovoltaics (ETIP PV), hereinafter the Platform, is an independent organization of solar energy experts and professionals with a full coverage of relevant backgrounds. It develops joint European strategies and plans in the fields of research & innovation and education as well as market development. It also serves as the recognised point of reference for key decision and policy makers and provides high quality analyses and background documents on photovoltaic technology, economics, applications, system integration and other aspects that are important for the development of a competitive industry sector and growing markets.The Platform recognises the paramount importance and potential impact of the strategy for a European Energy Union and the Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET Plan) and contributes to its activities. The main role of the ETIP PV Secretariat is to coordinate the activities of the Platform and to provide support to their Members in:•Collecting, developing, maintaining and communicating high-quality, up-to-date information and insights on all important aspects related to photovoltaic solar energy. •Communicating intensively with European Institutions, EU Member State governments, relevant national platforms and other relevant stakeholders to promote a harmonized approach towards accelerated development and large-scale deployment of photovoltaic solar energy.•Proactively establishing working contacts and cooperation with other Technology and Innovation Platforms, international organizations, interest groups and networks where appropriate in particularly with those related to photovoltaics.•Assisting the European Commission and Member States in defining research programmes and financial instruments, and addressing technical and non-technical barriers to the delivery of innovation to the energy market.	none given	none given	none given
83086	687515	HV-EPSA	High Voltage Electrical Power System Architecture					2016-01-01	2017-12-31	2015-11-30	H2020	€ 1,423,127.74	€ 1,000,743.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.2.1.6.	COMPET-03-2015	The main objective of the HV-EPSA project is to break the current state-of-the-art in satellite electrical & power subsystem, expand the present application domain of the classical technologies and perform a full system analysis and validation to optimize the electrical chain including the new electrical propulsion units and communication systemsThe electrical & power subsystem (EPS) is mainly devoted to provide electrical power to all the active systems of a satellite. It generates and distributes a “primary power bus” whose characteristics are optimized to the mission needs. This bus is usually generated from solar arrays and electrochemical batteries. These power sources are controlled by a Power Conditioning Unit (PCU) which delivers the power bus. EPS is a major constituent of a satellite : its cost may reach up to 30% of the total platform cost.There is a large design variety of power buses, with voltage levels typically ranging from 28 to 100V. This state-of-the-art is well adapted to past and current needs in term of power conditioning & distribution for science and telecommunication satellites. Nevertheless, a short-term need is raising for higher operating voltages, especially for the new electrical propulsion systems and high power payloadsIncreasing the bus voltage represents a real technical challenge. During its life, the satellite has to face many “harsh” environment constraints (radiations, pressure, plasma,…) which limit the choice of high voltage electronic parts and favor destructive electrical discharges or arcs. This study will consider: solar arrays, power conditioning and distribution units (PCDU), cables and connectors, up to the main driving units for high voltage feeds: the EPCs (Electrical Power Conditioner for radio frequency amplifiers supply) and PPUs (Plasma Propulsion Unit for electric thrusters).This study will enable a full system analysis including units optimization and materials testing within representative environment.	none given	none given	none given
83096	101038086	SeNTASC	Selenium – A non-toxic and stable material for future tandem solar cells					2022-04-01	2024-03-31	2021-04-01	H2020	€ 159,815.04	€ 159,815.04	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.4.	WF-03-2020	Clean energy is crucial for a carbon neutral European continent, and wind, hydropower, geothermal, biomass, and solar energy conversion will generate hundreds of billions economic activity in the coming years. Among these, photovoltaics (PV) plays a crucial part in electricity generation directly transformed from sunlight. Recently, the efficiency of the dominant PV technology, Si, has reached over 26%, which is near the 29.4% theoretical efficiency limit for single-junction solar cells. In order to overcome this limit, the tandem concept that minimizes thermalization losses of photo-excited carriers has been successfully proven with multi-junction cells, where different band gaps are stacked in series. Over the past decades, the main challenge has been the lack of an efficient, long-term stable, low cost, and process compatible top sub-cell. Recently, selenium (Se) became an attractive option because of its suitable high bandgap , feasible process at low temperature, and reported efficiency. This proposal (SeNTASC) aims at developing selenium absorber photovoltaic (Se PV) top subcell stacking with high-efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) bottom subcell toward long-term stable and high-efficiency tandem solar cells by implementing novel approaches in buffer layer bandgap modulation, advanced hole-selective metal oxide layer modification, and finally achieving an inverted bifacial Se PV. The above-mentioned strategies will lead to ~10 % efficiency with open circuit voltage over 1 Volt with bandgap around 1.95 eV in an inverted superstrate configuration. Reaching these objectives, Se will be established as an excellent candidate for a top subcell in a tandem with high-quality CIGS solar cells. In this configuration, a maximum theoretical efficiency near 40% is expected.	none given	none given	none given
83158	825669	ETIP PV – SEC II	Support to all stakeholders from the Photovoltaic sector and related sectors to contribute to the SET-Plan					2018-10-01	2022-06-30	2018-09-12	H2020	€ 922,875.00	€ 922,875.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	LC-SC3-CC-4-2018	The European Technology and Innovation Platform for Photovoltaics (ETIP PV) gathers all the relevant stakeholders of the PV sector, with arrangements for cooperative discussions with member states, associated countries, and the Commission services allowing stakeholders to meet, agree on their common interests, analyse the issues facing them in progressing R&I, interact with other groups, and determine their contribution to, and input for, the SET Plan. ETIP PV has supported SET Plan activities focused on raising the profile of PV or on helping policymakers to craft legislation or tailor research programmes to optimally support it. In 2018 onwards ETIP PV will continue to support the execution/realisation of the SET Plan Implementation Plan prepared by the SET Plan Temporary Working Group for PV (TWG PV). The ETIP PV – SEC II action aims to assist the mission of the ETIP PV. The proposal addresses the coordination of the ETIP PV’ activities, especially towards the progress of the strategic R&I PV Implementation Plan.	none given	none given	none given
83182	101032239	Sun4All	Eurosolar for all: energy communities for a fair energy transition in Europe (Sun4All)					2021-10-01	2024-09-30	2021-05-10	H2020	€ 1,665,764.87	€ 1,660,264.87	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	LC-SC3-EC-2-2018-2019-2020	Ensuring that vulnerable households have access to renewable energies is equitable, helps to cover energy needs, and can support multiple policy goals, such as affordable energy, job creation, and improved public health. Although the need is great, many households may not be able to afford RES installations or may be inhibited from participating in the energy transition for other reasons such as lack of access to information, difficulties to access finance or ownership patterns. EuroSolar for All (Sun4All) sets up a financial support scheme for renewable energy access for energy poor households. The programme offers vulnerable consumers the opportunity to subscribe to community solar. The general scheme is based on the existing New York’s initiative named “Solar for All” and will be adapted and implemented in 4 cities and regions in Europe: Barcelona (ES), Communauté de Communes Coeur de Savoie (FR), Rome (IT) and Almada (PT).The overall idea is to offer solar shares to vulnerable consumers instead of a traditional social subsidy (p.e to pay utility bill arrears). The beneficiaries of the programme will be co-owners of a local PV plant and the revenues produced through the generation and selling of the energy will be used to reduce energy bills. Besides, ES4All presents other multiple co benefits:-Beneficiaries save money through a free community solar subscription-Access is ensured whether participants are renters or homeowners ensuring their participation into the energy transition and leaving no one behind. -Eurosolar for All facilitates behaviour change and provides tailored advice to beneficiaries.-The programme optimizes social subsidies by transforming them into a profitable investment for the beneficiariesAfter testing and evaluating the model in these 4 cities and regions, replication and up-scaling of the programme is foreseen in at least 10 other EU cities and planned in other cities and regions to become an established programme in Europe.	none given	none given	none given
83195	101033809	BundleUP NEXT	Next-Level PDA Methodology to Enhance Public and Private Sustainable Energy Projects					2021-05-01	2024-09-30	2021-04-26	H2020	€ 996,375.00	€ 996,375.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	LC-SC3-B4E-13-2020	The BundleUp NEXT project builds on the successful experience of BundleUP (Ponto Energia), a PDA project funded by Horizon 2020, which has developed a very effective methodology that resulted in over 32M€ of investment in energy efficiency (EE) projects (32€ for every 1€ of grant) in Portugal. The BundleUP methodology incorporates energy efficiency projects in different stages of development and proceeds to technical, legal and financial development assistance to bring them to the “investor-ready” (or “tender-ready” in case of public sector) stage. The methodology also focuses on grouping small projects in bundles, in order to provide procurement advantages and more attractiveness for investors and building owners. Due to the success of its predecessor and the strength of the consortium partners, BundleUP NEXT has received more than 60 letters of support and the formal endorsement of the Portuguese Deputy Minister for Energy and the national Directorate-General for Energy and GeologyBundleUP NEXT will focus on the following project types: LED and public lighting, PV self-consumption, solar thermal, building envelope and electric mobility, creating a complete array of competences to support projects in any part of Portugal. The project is promoted by a concise and powerful consortium composed by PARITY, experts in sustainable energy investment and coordinators of the previous BundleUP project, ADENE, the national energy agency of Portugal with extensive experience in PDA and close ties to the public central administration, RNAE, the national network of local energy and environment agencies, establishing the projects connection to local administration all across the country and SRS, a law firm that was also part of the BundleUP project with extensive experience in the public and energy sectors. The project is expected to leverage up to 50M€ of investment, overcoming its predecessor’s success (around 1:50 leverage factor on the requested grant).	none given	none given	none given
83513	844209	SPFPs	Photo-Fenton degradation of Persistent Organic Pollutants present in Real Contaminated Waters using Solar pilot plant Reactors					2020-12-01	2023-03-22	2019-04-23	H2020	€ 172,932.48	€ 172,932.48	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	In 2009, Lindane was included in the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) to achieve the global elimination of these substances. This international treaty mandates an irreversible destruction of POPs into non-POPs. Consequently, development of cost-effective, safe and environmentally technologies for the destruction of POPs is necessary. Although the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are efficient in the treatment of this pollutants, many have the disadvantage of their high cost. A very useful alternative from the economic and environmental point of view is the use of solar energy integrated to these processes. This is Solar photo-Fenton Process (SPFPs).A detailed study associated with the photo-Fenton degradation of POPs (Lindane) present in real contaminated waters using a pilot plant Solar Reactor (SR) is proposed. This development includes an experimental work and rigorous mathematical modelling of photochemical reactors (laboratory and pilot plant scale), considering the fundamentals of chemical reactions (reaction mechanisms) and transport phenomena (mass and energy). The contaminated waters will be obtained at the Bailin landfill Sabiñánigo (Spain). The propose project addresses an environmental issue, highly relevant for current EU policies, included in UN Sustainable Development Goals, point 6 “Clean Water and Sanitation”.The innovative non-concentrate SR proposed aims to provide an economical/efficient alternative solution to this problem. This technology development would be used for many industries or communes that require an efficient treatment of their effluents. Based on the SR proposed, and considering the results obtained, the patent of these unit will be evaluated.The proposed realistic/highly ambitious work plan will be consistent with the extension of the call (24 mons.) The results obtained will be widely disseminated, not only in the scientific, but also in the academic and in the social.	none given	none given	none given
83565	747422	FibrillarMICROSTRUCT	Controllable Growth and Charge Carrier Transport of Fibrillar Microstructure of Semiconducting Polymers in Field-Effect Transistors and Photovoltaics					2017-03-01	2019-02-28	2017-02-20	H2020	€ 165,598.80	€ 165,598.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2016	Semiconducting polymers have attracted extensive attention due to their potential applications in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs), but it is still a great challenge to modulate their microstructure in a controllable way. In this proposal, I will outline how the controllable growth of a fibrillar microstructure can be realized using diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) polymers. On the one hand, quasi polymer crystals such as fibers or wires will be deposited, leading to the fabrication of high-mobility transistors due to an almost complete elimination of grain boundaries. Such quasi polymer crystals will provide an ideal platform for the investigation of charge carrier transport. On the other hand, hierarchical microstructures of DPP polymers with two distinct characteristic fiber diameters will be grown in polymer/fullerene blend films in a controllable way, in which the thick fibrils (~100 nm) will be beneficial for the charge carrier transport and the thin fibrils (~10 nm) will facilitate the exciton generation and charge separation in polymer solar cells. The controllable growth of a fibrillar microstructure including quasi polymer crystals and hierarchical microstructures will allow me to systematically study the correlation between film microstructure and device performance in both OFETs and OPVs. This will open new prospects for the fabrication of high-performance polymer electronic devices and create the opportunity to reveal the intrinsic mechanism of charge carrier transport in semiconducting polymers.	none given	none given	none given
83600	841676	PhotoCatRed	Visible-light-driven Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Solar fuels by multinary N-Graphene based Heterostructure Composites					2019-08-01	2021-07-31	2019-04-12	H2020	€ 162,040.32	€ 162,040.32	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	Energy shortage and environment pollution are two critical threats faced by the present society. Carbon dioxide (CO2), the well known greenhouse gas is a major cause of global warming but at same time it is also an abundant resource for hydrocarbon energy fuels. Photocatalytic CO2 reduction (PCO2R) into sustainable solar fuels is a highly enticing challenge for simultaneous settling of energy and environmental issues. So far, manifold photocatalysts including inorganic semiconductors, noble metal complexes, metal organic frameworks, 2D nanomaterials etc. have been demonstrated potential candidates for CO2 photo reduction. But the overall catalytic performance of the state of art materials is still far from practical application due to one or combined problems of low conversion efficiency, poor light harvesting, low stability, high electron-hole recombination rates, high cost and lack of product selectivity. Thus there is a steady demand for high performance photocatalysts preferably multinary heterostructure designs that can compensate for the shortcomings of the single components. The PCO2R project aims to develop novel multinary N-doped graphene based heterostructure composites decorated with titanium dioxide semiconductor, gold-copper bimetallic nanoalloys and/or transition metal dichalcogenides-copper nanoparticles as robust high efficiency photocatalysts for visible light reduction of CO2. The heterostructure composite is custom designed to overcome the major existing challenges and is anticipated to have great potential as a practically useful photocatalyst that can reduce CO2 under irradiation of visible light along with high product selectivity. The PCO2R project will confer significant scientific advances in the field of materials design, synthesis and catalysis strategies in addition to the knowledge transfer, training activities and long run societal interests.	none given	none given	none given
83606	659774	Pro-Oxides	Properties of metal oxides for electronic and optoelectronic devices					2015-04-01	2017-03-31	2015-03-23	H2020	€ 170,509.20	€ 170,509.20	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2014-EF	Metal oxides are a versatile group of semiconductors that are employed in a broad range of applications including micro/nano-electronics, photocatalysis and thin-film devices. The strength of metal oxides for these contemporary applications resides in the diversity of the electronic and optical properties which determine energy-level alignment and consequently dictate device performance. Furthermore, metal oxides exhibit a sensitivity to stoichiometry, unique among semiconductors, that permits fine-tuning of these properties. This feature offers an elegant yet simple method for additional performance optimisation. However, it requires a deep understanding of the relationship between the stoichiometry of metal oxide compounds and the aforementioned properties that is currently lacking. In this proposal we will fabricate metal oxides with a spatial gradient in chemical composition and characterise the optical, electrical and chemical properties with high-throughput scanner, at an unparalleled rate. From these results we will establish the correlation between these properties and the exact chemical composition for a multitude of compounds. In addition, a model to describe the alignment of energy-levels across metal oxide/metal oxides interfaces will be developed. The present proposal will address the disparity of reported information for metal oxide properties arising from poor chemical analysis and greatly advance the engineering capabilities of thin-film technologies. The research described here is designed to integrate seamlessly and strongly support the All Metal-Oxide Photovoltaic project under the Seven Framework Programme.	none given	none given	none given
83689	101030255	PHOENIX	Green Hydrogen Production and Plastic Recycling via Anion Exchange Membrane Reactors					2021-05-01	2023-04-30	2021-04-23	H2020	€ 171,473.28	€ 171,473.28	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	Achieving climate neutrality by 2050 is currently acknowledged as one the overarching objectives of the EU strategy, where smart sector integration and a just transition to a circular economy are crucial drivers. In this respect, PHOENIX aims to develop and deliver a disruptive electrochemical reactor combining hydrogen production and plastic waste recycling. Hydrogen has manifold applications i.e., fuel, energy vector and chemical feedstock, and polymer synthesis is prevalent, 260 Mtons synthesised just in 2019 and no drastic reduction in near-term projections. Clearly, a suitable portfolio of novel and scalable technologies is urgently needed to process both commodities (hydrogen & plastics) in a sustainable way. Whence, ramping up the production of green hydrogen, i.e., renewables-derived, perfectly intertwines with the need to boost the whole volume of recycled plastic which currently amounts to only 15% of the total plastic in circulation. To this end, PHOENIX will produce an integrated power-to-molecules device by interfacing a fuel-producing/waste-recycling system to photovoltaic modules. The envisioned system will leverage an exquisite control in the assembly of modular Anion-Exchange Membrane (AEM) electrolysers, processing of nanostructured electrocatalysts and development of value-added chemical reactions to produce a scalable solar-to-chemical reactor. Finally, field validation and techno-economic assessments will identify and potentiate sector coupling along the entire energy and chemistry value chains. This project will be accomplished by an innovation-oriented small-sized enterprise, a world-class academic group and an experienced researcher, embedded in an inter-sectorial research landscape that brings lab innovation to fab delivery. Overall, the PHOENIX approach responds to key societal goals in energy conversion and environmental reparation: hydrogen production, waste valorisation and industrial innovation.	none given	none given	none given
83920	101026729	SiPerSol	Highly Efficient Yet Stable Triple Junction Silicon Heterojunction/Alloyed Sn-Pb Low Band Gap Perovskite/Halide Engineered I-Br High Band Gap Perovskite Tandem Solar Cell					2021-08-01	2023-07-31	2021-03-17	H2020	€ 191,149.44	€ 191,149.44	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	The global warming and air/water pollution are nowadays alarmingly threatening the life on Earth. Utilizing solar cells (SC) as one of the most effective solution can enormously reduce the fossil fuel consumption, and hence CO2 emission. However, the levelized cost of energy of SCs is still not competitive compared to fossil fuels, an obstacle which can be passed by using tandem SCs, most efficient emerging SC technology for this purpose. Combining mature technology of silicon SCs with amazing properties of perovskite SCs has the great potential to pass the 30% efficiency. The main aim of this interdisciplinary research is to fabricate a triple junction textured silicon heterojunction/alloyed Sn-Pb low band gap perovskite/halide engineered I-Br high band gap perovskite tandem solar cell by two-step evaporation/solution method with efficiency of >30% and stability of >1000 h under different stress conditions. SiPerSol will improve the state-of the-art by introducing the successful fabrication method of highly efficient stable low band gap Sn-Pb as well as high band gap I-Br perovskites on textured silicon heterojunction substrate, two major challenges to realize the mammoth potential of this advanced multilayered device. Moreover, it provides deep insights into the functioning of the interfaces and traps. The project will be conducted by Dr. Mohammad Reza Golobostanfard with years of experience on nanomaterial synthesis, analysis, and solution processing of different SC absorbers with supervision of Prof. Ballif and Dr. Jeangros with strong network from academic and non-academic centres in Switzerland and across Europe and more than 30 years of experience in silicon and perovskite SCs at EPFL (home of emerging SCs), PVLAB (well-equipped laboratory with world-class facilities for silicon and perovskite SCs fabrication and analysis). The project results will entirely benefit European industries and beyond by introducing highly efficient yet stable SCs.	none given	none given	none given
84044	101030782	HyPhoCO	Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Photoelectrodes for sustainable CO2 reduction					2022-01-01	2023-12-31	2021-03-25	H2020	€ 160,932.48	€ 160,932.48	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	The photoelectrochemical (PEC) CO2 reduction to fuels and other valuable chemicals is an appreciated artificial photosynthesis approach that simultaneously addresses the valorisation of CO2 emissions and the storage of renewable solar energy. Conjugated porous polymer (CPP) semiconductors have been identified as ideal materials for solar energy applications due to their unique advantages of high chemical stability and molecularly tunable optoelectronic properties (bandgap, band position). However, the PEC properties of CPPs have not been explored so far. In this sense, HyPhoCO aims at the bottom-up development of robust, high-performance photocathodes for CO2 reduction, based on abundant and non-toxic CPPs and CPP/inorganic hybrid materials. In a fundamental research approach, the design of CO2 reduction photocathodes will be based on a thorough investigation of the electronic structure and charge transfer dynamics of the PEC CO2 reduction process.	none given	none given	none given
84096	708874	IRS-PEC	Elucidating the water photo-oxidation mechanism by infrared spectroscopy					2017-02-01	2019-01-31	2016-03-10	H2020	€ 165,598.80	€ 165,598.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2015-EF	Hydrogen is a highly versatile fuel that is believed to become one of the key pillars to support our future energy infrastructure. A clean and renewable method to produce hydrogen is to use sunlight to convert water into hydrogen in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell. The exact mechanism of this photocatalytic water splitting remains a largely unexplored area. In this project, I will provide insight into the more challenging oxidative half-reaction occurring at metal-oxide surfaces.To gain insight into the oxidative half-reaction, surface groups residing at the solid/liquid interface will be measured by infrared spectroscopy during actual device operation. Hereto, a PEC cell will be constructed with a multiple internal reflection element as key component; it will ensure a high sensitivity while simultanously act as substrate for the working electrode. The novel approach to apply a bias voltage allows for photoelectrochemical analysis, but also allows ‘freezing’ of the surface species thereby relaxing the constraints of a fast measurement speed.From in operando measurements the density and nature of surface groups present at a well-defined metal-oxide surface will be obtained as a function of electrolyte pH. With this knowledge conclusions can be drawn on which surface sites initiate the oxidation reaction, which groups present sites where (intermediate) reactions with high activation energies take place, and where undesired hole-trapping and electron-hole recombination are most likely to occur. Thereby providing fundamental insight into the water oxidation mechanism, which is required to engineer a photoelectrode material with high photocurrents and low onset potentials. Additionally, the quantified information on surface species densities is much-needed input in models and simulations. Furthermore, a tool will be delivered with which the critical steps in the oxidation reaction can be disclosed as a function of pH.	none given	none given	none given
84209	658391	NeutronOPV	New neutron techniques to probe bulk heterojunction solar cells with graded morphologies – understanding the link between processing, nanostructure and device performance					2015-07-01	2017-06-30	2015-03-19	H2020	€ 195,454.80	€ 195,454.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2014-EF	This project’s aim is to contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between processing conditions, active layer morphology and device performance in polymer solar cells (PSC), providing the understanding needed to guide the search for practical processing routes. The secondary aim is to develop new and more powerful characterisation techniques, to study PSCs, using neutrons in particular, and exploiting the potential of powerful and innovative new instruments at the neutron source ISIS, which is a partner on this proposal. These innovative new variants of neutron reflectivity, off-specular scattering and small angle scattering (SERGIS and SESANS), use spin-echo encoding to probe length-scales previously inaccessible by neutron techniques. This work will focus on some of the most recently introduced and highest-efficiency polymers, such as PBDTTT-EFT, PTB7 and PCDTBT, creating thin films for devices both by the laboratory-based spin-coating method and also the industrially-scalable method of spray-coating. The methodology to be used will consist in processing the active layers from mixed solvents with step graded variations in composition, with the main purpose of generating a series of devices with graded variations in morphology. The as-produced active layers will be systematically investigated and compared in terms of morphology, charge mobility and photovoltaic performance; the neutron techniques available at the ISIS Neutron Spallation Source (Didcot, UK) will be complemented with a large suite of conventional laboratory-based techniques available at Sheffield University, and by x-ray scattering, both laboratory based and at synchrotron sources. This mixed solvent approach will be also valuable for scale up, especially by removing the need for halogenated solvents.	none given	none given	none given
84315	838686	CF-CO2R	Catholyte-free flow cell enables high efficiency electroreduction of CO2 to C2 fuels					2019-06-15	2021-06-14	2019-04-09	H2020	€ 191,149.44	€ 191,149.44	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	In the light of rising levels of atmospheric CO2 and associated climate change, the development of advanced techniques for CO2 conversion is of foremost importance. Particularly, many efforts have been made recently to synthesize efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction to carbon fuels using renewable electricity. Nevertheless, to meet the requirement of industrial implementation, even the best performance of these recently developed electrocatalysts must be increased by one order of magnitude. Currently, energy efficiency of CO2 electroreduction is limited by energy-loss in catholyte and transport of CO2 to the cathode surface. The importance of transport limitations will grow as currents approach the higher levels required for industry. The vision for this work is the design of an efficient catholyte-free electrode structure and reactor, in combination with state-of-the-art photovoltaic, that can provide for the industry-ready artificial photosynthesis of carbon fuels. To achieve this goal, we will be dedicated to develop a membrane electrode assembly cell with the design of a catholyte-free flow-through-porous electrode which will allow the incorporation of newly types of nanostructured electrocatalysts and efficient CO2 transfer and conversion into specific carbon fuels such as ethylene or ethanol. Particularly, the proposed research aims include: (i) Development of efficient electrocatalysts that allow the formation of ideal products (ethylene/ethanol); (ii) Enhancement of electrocatalytic activity and stability via system engineering; (iii) Understanding the fundamentals of CO2 electroreduction and cell mechanics to accelerate the development of catholyte-free flow-through-porous electrode for the design of a scalable, high-performance CO2 electroconversion cell through both experiments and theoretical modeling; (iv) Achieving the scalable solar fuels production with CO2 reduction and photovoltaic in tandem.	none given	none given	none given
84322	101026353	LrgPSCs	Highly Efficient Large-area Perovskite Solar Cells					2021-09-01	2023-08-31	2021-03-23	H2020	€ 191,149.44	€ 191,149.44	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are among the most promising next-generation photovoltaic technologies: it combines high photovoltaic performance with low fabrication costs. The practical adoption of PSCs will reduce the levelized cost of electricity of solar energy, contributing to deal with the global crisis on climate change and sustainable development. Despite these promises, the lack of efficient large-area PSCs has so far seriously hindered their commercialization potential, representing one of the most critical challenges in the field of perovskite photovoltaics.The goal of this project is to develop industrial-relevant highly efficient large-area PSCs (> 20% module efficiency at aperture areas of 200-800 cm2). In this project, an interdisciplinary approach will be devised by combining scalable perovskite fabrication, novel interface engineering, and deep mechanistic understanding to achieve this ambitious goal. Particularly a new solution-processing strategy will be developed to control the crystallization of perovskites, which can enable homogenous crystal growth at large-scales, generating uniform perovskite thin films. Novel interface engineering will then be explored to demonstrate thickness-insensitive 2D/3D perovskite passivation, by utilizing high hole-mobility 2D perovskites. Eventually, the new material-processing strategies will be adopted in the standard perovskite module fabrication, attaining record efficiency large-area PSCs. In addition to device fabrication, fundamental investigations based on ultrafast spectroscopy and synchrotron characterization will also be carried out to elucidate the material formation and device operation mechanism.This project combines the host lab`s expertise on PSC fabrication and the researcher`s strong background in material design and synthesis. It is highly relevant to Horizon 2020`s goal on clean and efficient energy, whose completion will support Europe at the forefront of renewable energy research.	none given	none given	none given
84393	793677	MOSPhotocat	Application of Metal Oxide Semiconductors in Photocatalysis					2018-07-16	2020-07-15	2018-03-14	H2020	€ 177,598.80	€ 177,598.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2017	Recently, visible light photoredox catalysis has come to the focal point of the organic synthetic field and holds promise to use solar irradiation to establish important chemical bonds in the synthesis of complex organic molecules. However, most reports thus far use transition metal complexes based on rare and expensive iridium and ruthenium. In this Marie Curie proposal, metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) will be applied as abundant and cheap visible light photocatalysts to establish C-C and C-N linkages in organic molecules in batch and photomicroflow reactors. To extend their absorption to the visible light range, I will study the formation of so-called ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) complexes with different adsorbates/ligands covalently linked to the surface of the MOS. The effect of linkers, ligands, different organic solvents, concentrations, as well as reaction times will be studied in the formation of these complexes. The LMCT complexes will be fully characterized with spectroscopic techniques. Next, these new photocatalysts will be evaluated in valuable C-C and C-N forming organic reactions. Furthermore, mechanistic studies will be carried out to aid the discovery process and to further optimize the photocatalysts. Finally, the reactions will be carried out in continuous-flow reactors to increase the efficiency of the photocatalytic transformation. Hereto, a slurry Taylor flow regime will be used and a recycling strategy will be developed to efficiently reuse the photocatalyst. We will also use so-called Luminescent Solar Concentrator PhotoMicroreactors (LSC-PM) to enable the use of solar energy. During this fellowship, I aim to strengthen both my scientific and soft skills required to start an independent researcher career. In addition, I intend to expand my scientific network by starting collaborations with leading experts in both academia and industry.	none given	none given	none given
84480	101020330	Fullerene_PSC	Elucidating fullerene-perovskite interactions by means of First-principles calculations: Towards a rational design of low cost solar cells					2022-07-01	2024-06-30	2021-02-25	H2020	€ 160,932.48	€ 160,932.48	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	Science is essential to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals implemented in the European Agenda 2030 towards the use of sustainable and clean energy. Solar energy, as the cleanest and the largest exploitable resource of energy, can potentially meet the growing requirements for the whole world’s energy needs beyond fossil fuels. Halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered as one of the most promising candidates for the next generation solar cells as their power conversion eciency (PCE) has rapidly increased up to 25.2%.With the goal to boost their commercialization, Fullerenes and derivatives have been introduced in PSC devices to improve the stability, suppress the hysteresis, and reduce the high temperatures commonly used to fabricate these devices. Developing novel fullerene derivatives for improving further the PCE and stability of PSCs is still highly desirable yet challenging. Nevertheless, it is not extensively explored the role of fullerene derivatives in PSC devices and it is still not thoroughly investigated how binding groups of fullerenes interact with perovskite surface and their influence in the electron mobility. In this project, the state-of-the-art computational chemistry will be used to understand the fullerene-perovskite interactions with the goal to rationally design new fullerene derivatives to improve the stability and efficiency of PSC devices. Density functional calculations will be employed to investigate the fullerene orientation on perovskite surfaces, binding energy, bandgap, the exciton delocalization and charge transfer in the fullerene-perovskite complexes in order to establish descriptors and correlations with the experimental data. The descriptors will be used to predict the preferred functionalization of fullerenes in order to conscientiously design the fullerene derivatives for PSC devices in order to take a step forward towards the future commercialization of these low-cost solar cell devices.	none given	none given	none given
84492	841005	PerSiSTanCe	Low-cost and Large-Area Perovskite-Silicon Solar Tandem Cells					2019-05-01	2021-04-30	2019-03-25	H2020	€ 203,149.44	€ 203,149.44	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	As the world population grows, the total energy demanded increases, despite the limited reserves of fossil energy. Energy sources based on new technologies, such as the photovoltaic cells, emerged as a sustainable and environmentally clean option. However, given that silicon, the base material for most of these cells, fails to absorb the energy of the entire solar spectrum, one interesting option to increase device efficiencies is to produce stacks of complementing cells, thus taking advantage of the full solar spectrum. Tandems of Si and novel perovskite cells are a feasible alternative and can be synthesized from cheap materials.On the other hand, the main requirements of industry are low cost, high throughput and process reliability. Thus, processing techniques and materials should be selected bearing in mind a compromise between cost reduction, acceptable efficiencies and process yield. The aim of this project is to obtain the best suited Transparent Conductive Oxides (TCO), as well as the most appropriate synthesis and deposition methods for their implementation in tandem Si/perovskite cells, substituting other layers whose use would involve scarce/strategic materials or difficult and/or expensive processes. The result should be a more robust process, which helps to close the gap between laboratory devices and the future mass production cells.	none given	none given	none given
84495	101027316	HEASeRS	High-temperature angular-selective radiant surfaces for the de-carbonisation of energy intensive industries.					2021-11-15	2024-03-17	2021-04-16	H2020	€ 160,932.48	€ 160,932.48	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	Energy Intensive Industries (EII) heavily rely on High-Temperature Processes (HTP), notoriously hard to de-carbonise. To meet its carbon neutrality goal, Europe will need to increase the share or dispatchable renewable electricity on the grid and significantly increase the efficiency and electrification of HTP, particularly via electric heating. At high-temperatures, radiation is the dominant heat transfer mode. There are very few technological options available to improve and control the radiative properties of materials able to survive the aggressive oxidation and thermomechanical stresses that occur in HTP. The lack of radiative control reduces the energy efficiency and electrification potential of HTP.The HEASeRS (High-tEmperature Angular-Selective Radiant Surfaces) project explores an innovative approach to spectro-angular radiation control based on the modification of the surface geometry of industrially relevant high-temperature materials at multiple length scales: surface roughness, meso-structures and macro-scale system geometry optimisation. This approach is generally applicable to all HTP and exempt of most of the limitations of existing design paradigms. The findings are applied to a series of proof-of-concept designs targeting innovations in the design of efficient heat exchangers, radiant furnaces, and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) receivers. CSP is a promising renewable energy technology that can potentially supply high-temperature heat and electricity on demand; and shares many similarities with HTP.The 24 months research, based at IME (Madrid, Spain) with a secondment at LTeN (Nantes, France), involves a combination of detailed numerical modelling of radiative heat transfers and experimental activities. Industrial relevance, at the core of the research objectives, is promoted through bi-annual project newsletters featuring interviews of EII, technology providers and researchers; and a intersectoral workshop at the end of the action.	none given	none given	none given
84587	706552	APPEL	Approaching efficiency limits of perovskite solar cells by overcoming non-radiative recombination losses					2016-11-01	2018-10-31	2016-10-12	H2020	€ 195,454.80	€ 195,454.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2015-EF	Metal halide perovskites are currently viewed as a new “wonder materials” due to the combination of their outstanding optical and electronic properties with the ease of processing as compared to similar direct bandgap semiconductor such as GaAs. Despite the meteoric rise of the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (up to 20% in less than 5 years) they is still a substantial potential of improvement towards the theoretical efficiency limits. During the first research phase, most of the effort has been devoted to the development of deposition processes to produce the best crystalline thin films. APPEL has the ambition to initiate the second phase, in which fundamental understanding of the recombination losses in the perovskite and at heterojunctions with charge extraction layers will make possible to generate devices with efficiencies approaching the full potential of these semiconductors. A perfect solar cell should also be an excellent emitter, since 100% of the absorbed photons must recombine radiatively. Therefore the original approach APPEL is to target primarily light emission (photoluminescence and electroluminescence) to understand the factors governing the recombination losses in solar cells. From the understanding of the fundamental recombination mechanisms at the heterojunctions, I will demonstrate highly efficient devices with >23% power conversion efficiency. Moreover, efficient light-emitting diodes (LED) will be produce alongside photovoltaic devices. This work will set the foundation of the future rational optimisation of metal halide perovskite devices in the same way that optimisation of light emission in GaAs led to the advent of devices approaching the theoretical limits.	none given	none given	none given
84612	789476	HisTORIC	Heat Transfer Enhancement during Oscillatory Flows: Impact Quantification of Heat Transfer Coefficient					2018-06-18	2020-06-17	2018-04-18	H2020	€ 208,400.40	€ 208,400.40	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2017	To reduce Green-House-Gas emissions by promoting the use of sustainable energy (SE), the European Union (EU) has a target to achieve 20% share of renewable energy (RE) in gross final energy consumption by 2020. Among various options of SE, the EU has 33.3 GWth of solar thermal technology (a High Heat Flux Removing Device: HHFRD, one among the target groups of this project) saving 4.3 million tonnes of CO2 emission per year. However, the current research proves that the Two-Phase Flow Instabilities (TPFI) act as major hindrances in improving the efficiency of such HHFRDs. The TPFIs are known by large-scale fluctuations of flow causing pressure fluctuations, departure from a steady state, & mechanical vibrations to a system. Although the vast research on TPFIs began almost 80 years ago, the primary focus has been to identify the limits of conditions with & without oscillations & alternative control mechanisms. Today, to extract heat cost-effectively; force the HHFRDs to work in conditions close to these limits or even in the presence of TPFIs. However, the influence of such oscillations on the heat transfer (HT) is scarcely studied. Hence, the objective of this project is to quantify the influence of TPFIs on the HT & to provide a transient HT model to attain better & reliable control techniques. The ER (experienced researcher) will do this by combining experiments on HT during TPFIs in the experimental facility at the host & numerical techniques (LSSE: Least Square Spectral Element method) capable of dealing with the highly transient behavior of the TPFIs. The ER will learn new numerical method LSSE, experimental methodology & data acquisition technique. This will boost the ER’s present research capability (limited to numerical analysis) to experimental investigations of various RE technologies. The expected outcomes of this project are aligned with the H2020 call by saving 216 kilo tonnes (kt) oil equivalent of fossil fuel & reducing GHG emission by 575 kt per year.	none given	none given	none given
84660	747221	POSITS	High Performance Wide Bandgap and Stable Perovskite-on-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells					2017-06-01	2019-05-31	2017-03-20	H2020	€ 175,419.60	€ 175,419.60	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2016	The world is moving toward a low-carbon future. The EU Commission’s 2015 Paris climate agreement vowed to keep global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and undertake rapid global emission reductions. Generation of clean energy such as photovoltaics is one of the most promising solutions. Novel organic-inorganic perovskite materials for solar cells have drawn vigorous scientific interest over the past few years due to their potential low cost, high charge carrier mobility, absorption coefficient and efficiency. The two top scientific journals, Nature and Science, selected perovskites as one of the biggest scientific breakthroughs in 2013. As perovskites are still in the early development stages, barriers need to be overcome before they can be commercialized. This interdisciplinary project draws from chemistry, physics and engineering with the aim of developing stable high bandgap mixed-cation/halide perovskite devices. Both photo- and moisture stability will be carefully studied and improved upon leading to the ultimate goal of fabricating a stable monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell with an efficiency >30%. Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem technology has the potential to revolutionize the photovoltaics industry by greatly decreasing cost through improved efficiency making clean energy more competitive against fossil fuels. The project will be conducted at EPFL PV-Lab, a dedicated photovoltaic research centre with over 30 years of experience and close links with Swiss and European research institutes and industries. EPFL is a highly-ranked European engineering institution with world-class facilities, industrial connections and technological parks. The fellow Dr. Terry Chien-Jen Yang will be joining PV-Lab to bring unique nano-material and analytical expertise as well as collaborations from the prestigious School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, UNSW in Sydney, Australia.	none given	none given	none given
84752	795206	MolDesign	Molecule design for next generation solar cells using machine learning approaches trained on large scale screening databases					2018-04-01	2022-01-01	2018-03-28	H2020	€ 208,963.50	€ 208,963.50	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2017	Research in organic electronics has already generated important applications, such organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) in mobile displays that are already indispensable in our everyday life. Other applications, such as large scale displays and lighting, lightweight and flexible organic photovoltaics, carbon-based electronic paper, organic sensors and RFID tags, are under intense investigation.The multifunctional character of these applications poses enormous challenges for the development of novel materials, which are hard to meet with the present day trial-and-error strategies. The MolDesign project thus aims at computational material design by combining accurate but involved materials simulation methods with inexpensive novel machine learning methods to enable large scale guided materials screening. These methods will be used to improve small-molecule organic semiconductors, which are used as absorber materials in vapor-deposited organic solar cells. While some materials of this class are almost at the photovoltaics market, there is much room for improvement regarding properties such as charge carrier mobility as well as the integration of organic material into completely new applications, such as hole transport materials in highly promising perovskite solar cells.	none given	none given	none given
84995	745776	PHOTOPEROVSKITES	Photoexcitation Dynamics and Direct Monitoring of Photovoltaic Processes of Solid-State Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells					2017-09-01	2020-02-29	2017-03-17	H2020	€ 195,454.80	€ 195,454.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2016	Abundant, cheap and clean source of energy is fundamental to preserve global environment and sustained economic growth. Solar energy is considered as the ultimate solution in this regard. Among the three generations of solar cells developed with this objective, hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells with demonstrated power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 22 % have bagged the greatest attention. Despite the impressive PCE, lower cost and facile processing opportunities for hybrid perovskite solar cells, their commercialization is not yet realized; poor stability, lack of robustness to subtle variations in processing, and Pb toxicity being the bottlenecks. We take up the view that pursuing fundamental understanding of the photophysics and photovoltaic process of these highly efficient lead halide perovskites can contribute to tackle their instability issue and also to the development of Pb free organic-inorganic halide perovskites with analogous optical and photovoltaic performance to that of former, expediting their market entry. Apart from photovoltaic sector, the fundamental knowledge evolved through this project is expected to have direct impact on the fabrication of high performing photodetectors, lasers, and light emitting devices based on hybrid perovskite materials. This interdisciplinary project lying at the interface of material science, physics and chemistry is expected to bring a breakthrough in perovskite solar cell research arena.The proposed project will utilize the applicant’s expertise in the fabrication of high efficient organic and perovskite solar cells in combination with world leading scientist Prof. Ifor Samuel’s expertise on photophysics aspects of thin film solar cells and the excellent infrastructure facilities at the host institution. In implementing this ambitious project, I will gain expertise on the photophysics and photovoltaic processes (under real operating conditions) of hybrid perovskite thin films and solar cells.	none given	none given	none given
85126	846107	QuantumSolarFuels	Photoelectrochemical Solar Light Conversion into Fuels on Colloidal Quantum Dots Based Photoanodes					2019-11-01	2022-10-31	2019-03-28	H2020	€ 237,768.00	€ 237,768.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	The efficient use of solar energy is vital for the future of our Planet and to ensure to the next generations our and evensuperior welfare standards. Photoelectrochemical water splitting is a promising way to convert solar light into storable fuels,such as H2. However, an ideal photoanodic material for the oxygen evolution half-reaction has not been identified yet.Technologies based on solution-processed colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising for producing effectivephotoanodes because of their low manufacturing costs and the possibility of controlling the band gap of the material throughthe quantum size effect.The main scientific aim of the QuantumSolarFuels project is the preparation of photoanodes for water splitting based onCdSe, CdTe and CdSeTe CQDs and their protection against photocorrosion. The CQDs will be assembled in flat electrodeseffectively protected against photocorrosion and activated toward water oxidation through: a) the deposition of amorphousTiO2 and subsequent coating with metal based oxygen evolution catalysts or b) by direct coating them with the oxygenevolution catalysts.Further objectives are: 1) the identification of the optimal CdSeTe composition and CQDs size for the preparation of efficientphotoanodes; 2) the use of Cd-chalcogenide CQDs in solar cells and photo- and electro-catalysis for renewable fuelsproduction.Thanks to this action the researcher will become a World expert in these areas, in particular in the innovative use of CQDsfor photoelectrochemical water splitting applications.Taking full advantage of the complementary competences of the two involved research groups, the one at the beneficiaryinstitution expert in the fundamental chemical aspects of photocatalysis and the partner group more focused on theengineering and industrial exploitation of CQD science, the QuantumSolarFuels project will provide crucial achievements forthe future preparation of industrially compelling photoelectrochemical devices.	none given	none given	none given
85132	660652	EngiNear-IR	Engineered Near-Infrared Photosynthesis					2015-12-01	2018-11-30	2015-10-20	H2020	€ 251,857.80	€ 251,857.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2014-GF	Sunlight is the most abundant and sustainable energy source available to us. It drives photosynthesis, the source of all food and most energy resources on Earth. Phototrophic organisms use antenna complexes to absorb solar energy, and derived excitation energy migrates towards specialised pigment-protein complexes called reaction centres. Here, photosynthetic electron transfer is initiated, converting solar energy into a form that can be stored and used to power cell metabolism. The absorption characteristics of antenna and reaction centre complexes determine the specific wavelengths of light that can be captured and converted into chemical energy; light at other wavelengths is not used, representing a major limitation of light-harvesting efficiency. Improving this efficiency will play a key role in ensuring food and energy security for the future, a societal challenge to be met by the H2020 programme.EngiNear-IR is a synthetic biology project aimed at exploiting my successful engineering of photopigment biosynthesis in a bacterial host to broaden the range of wavelengths available for photosynthesis. I have diverted the native bacteriochlorophyll a biosynthetic pathway to produce bacteriochlorophyll b, the most strongly red-shifted naturally-occurring photopigment. Incorporation of this foreign pigment into antennae/reaction centres will create novel photosystems that can harness near-infrared regions of the solar spectrum that are currently unused by this host. Apart from its biotechnological potential this research will broaden current understanding of pigment biosynthesis and photosystem assembly, yielding information essential for the improvement of photosynthetic efficiency. The project forms a collaboration between two of the world’s leading photosynthesis research laboratories and exploits the multidisciplinary nature of their studies. The proposed research will provide outstanding research-led training and falls within the H2020 excellence science remit.	none given	none given	none given
85165	101031365	SolTIME	Solar Fuel Generation through Photoelectrochemical Reduction of CO2 Using Copper Porphyrins in Molecularly Designed Reaction Environments					2021-09-01	2023-08-31	2021-03-05	H2020	€ 172,932.48	€ 172,932.48	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	Solar fuels can be synthesized by integrating electrocatalysts with semiconductors, using sunlight to drive endergonic chemical reactions. Employing molecular electrocatalysts allows the tunability, selectivity, and three-dimensional architectures associated with molecular components to be combined with the solar energy capture and conversion properties of solid-state semiconducting materials. However, there is a lack of understanding of how photo-generated carriers are transported through these systems, disfavouring the rational design of efficient photoelectrocatalytic constructs. This proposal aims to interface copper porphyrins with built-in hydroxyl groups, known catalysts for CO2 reduction, to carbon nitride for photo-promoted generation of highly reduced products from CO2, including methane and ethanol. Catalytic activity and selectivity will be studied by using multi-dimensional approaches for porphyrin immobilization, drawing inspiration from the extended coordination spheres crucial in biological tuning of enzymatic activity. This will be achieved through synthesis of three distinct reaction environments at carbon nitride consisting of: a porphyrin monolayer, a polymer film coordinating the porphyrin, and a 2-D highly ordered covalent-organic framework (COF) composed of the porphyrin. It is expected that these specialised environments will give rise to distinct kinetic responses and product distribution. Existing electrochemical models will be extended to this photoelectrochemical data to investigate the interplay of light flux, substrate and electron diffusion, and catalytic rates, leading to the extrapolation of fundamental principles governing interfacial photo-induced charge transfer at catalytic thin films. Through this project, leadership training, language acquisition, and communication skills will be emphasized, furthering the experienced researcher’s career goals and preparing her for an independent career in solar fuels.	none given	none given	none given
85187	793120	NoSoilPV	Novel Soiling Identification Logics for Photovoltaics					2018-12-03	2020-12-02	2018-04-11	H2020	€ 158,121.60	€ 158,121.60	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2017	Soiling (i.e. the accumulation of dust on photovoltaic modules) is an issue affecting photovoltaic (PV) systems worldwide and causes significant economic losses. An appropriate cleaning schedule can raise the energy yield of the PV modules and reduce the operating costs, increasing the revenues and, at the same time, limiting the need of non-renewable energy generation. NoSoilPV aims to tackle this issue by developing a smart method capable of quantifying the soiling accumulated on the PV modules in real time without the need of expensive additional hardware. Moreover, through the analysis of historical precipitation datasets and the use of weather prediction models, the algorithm developed in this project will predict the economic impact of soiling and notify at which time artificial cleanings should be performed in order to minimize costs and maximize the energy production.NoSoilPV will be conducted by Dr. Leonardo Micheli within the Centre for Advanced Studies in Energy and Environment (CEAEMA) of the University of Jaén (Spain). CEAEMA is an ideal environment for this project, which involves PV performance analysis, weather and dust prediction modelling and machine learning techniques, because of the high quality research conducted in PV and in all the multidisciplinary aspects of the project. NoSoilPV aims to answer a number of unsolved questions in soiling and to provide the community a useful tool to increase the energy production and the economic revenues. The project will support the EU in its effort to increase the clean energy share and to maximize material efficiency, leading to an increase in PV energy yield, without the installation of new modules or systems. In addition, this fellowship will favor the EU reintegration of Dr. Micheli and will give him the opportunity to enhance his career as an independent researcher.	none given	none given	none given
85195	799801	ReMorphOPV	Recombination in Organic Photovoltaics: Impact of Morphology and Long-Range Non-Equilibrium Transport					2019-01-15	2021-02-28	2018-03-26	H2020	€ 173,857.74	€ 173,857.20	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2017	The global transition towards clean energy requires new ways to generate electricity. One promising approach are organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. These devices are based on a phase-separated network of two organic materials and hold the potential to make solar power cheap and sustainable. However, there is still a lack of fundamental understanding in key areas. One important open question concerns the charge recombination. Although identified as main loss mechanism in BHJ solar cells, its underlying principles remain mysterious. ReMorphOPV comes to address these limitations by developing a new recombination model. The basic hypothesis is that a successful theoretical description must properly consider two key features of a BHJ blend: the complex nanoscale morphology and the dispersive type of charge transport. To account for both aspects, ReMorphOPV will make use of extensive kinetic Monte Carlo simulations with high spatial and temporal resolution. The proposed numerical approach includes most realistic assumptions on the nanostructure (domain size, phase purity, molecular miscibility etc.) and previously overlooked phenomena of charge transport, namely the non-equilibrium and long-range motion of carriers. The predictions of the simulations will be validated by experiments on different prototype material systems. A feedback loop between experiment and numerical model will be initialised to refine the theoretical description and define new parameterisations of the recombination rate that enable easy dissemination to other researchers. With such a model at hand, it will be possible to find design rules for organic solar cells with minimised recombination losses even at large thickness. These results are of great relevance for the photovoltaics community and will help to reinforce Europe’s world-leading position in renewable energies.	none given	none given	none given
85219	656132	SolHyPro	Water splitting by solar energy: From lab-scale to prototype devices					2015-06-01	2017-05-31	2015-04-02	H2020	€ 170,509.20	€ 170,509.20	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2014-EF	Hematite is a promising photoanode material for harvesting solar energy by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen. It has a favorable bandgap energy (2.1 eV), good catalytic activity for water oxidation, low cost, is chemically stable in alkaline solutions and environmentally friendly. However, its water splitting efficiency is limited by electron-hole recombination length and it produces a below threshold photovoltage. The key to increasing the recombination length is supressing defects such as grain boundaries or surface roughness of the photoanode. The second issue is successfully resolved by coupling the photoelectrolytic cell to a photovoltaic cell, a so-called tandem cell with theoretically higher efficiency owing to optimal use of the solar spectrum. Both of these drawbacks are accounted for in this project.The aim of this project is to optimize the water photoelectrolysis performance of the photoelectrolysis-photovoltaic tandem-cell device by tailoring the microstructure of the thin film hematite photoanods, and up scaling from the laboratory scale to a prototype device. Fabrication of an efficient water-splitting cell is challenging as it consists of several thin film layers. Each of these layers impacts on the performance of the water-splitting tandem-cell.Up scaling from the lab scale to the prototype scale (10x10cm2) will be carried out in cooperation with PVComB in Germany. This poses entirely different challenges, creating the need for an adapted fabrication sequence and deposition conditions that ensure the adhesion of the ceramic and metal thin film layers. At the end of this project, I personally will have gained expertise in advanced microstructural analysis technique and also in the leadership role, which will enable me to take the next step in my carrier. And, we will have built a fully functional, fabrication-ready device for hydrogen production directly from solar energy. A great leap forward into a society based on renewable resources.	none given	none given	none given
85229	708814	nanoOIPC	Surface characterization of nano-particle embedded organic ionic plastic crystals and ionic liquid using advance 3D high resolution optical and electrochemical imaging					2016-10-12	2018-10-11	2016-03-04	H2020	€ 173,076.00	€ 173,076.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2015-EF	Soft, flexible electrode materials are needed for a variety of health and energy applications, e.g. nano-electrodes for bio-implantation and light weight electrodes for solar energy capture. Organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs), similar to ionic liquids (ILs), embedded with nano-particles (NPs) as reactive sites offer highly tunable solutions. OIPCs are also advantageous owing to a plastic phase that allows the conductive nano-plastic material to be molded at high temperature. However, the OIPC/NP field is in its infancy and little is understood regarding NPs stability/reactivity.By combining high resolution 3D optical imaging with electrochemistry, this project aims at mapping the NP reactivity and simultaneously correlate it to surface and chemical data based on NP density, from single NPs to collective or percolated films. New insights will be gained in the inherent chemical properties of composite materials as well as NP size, localization, etc. The synergistic interactions between NPs and ILs/OIPCs will be explored and exploited and will open new fields of research in materials science and optical imaging. Breakthroughs will include i) development of advanced plastic nanoelectrodes; ii) multiscale imaging (nm-µm) of innovative nanostructured electrodes.The experienced researcher (ER) will be trained in high resolution imaging techniques, while he is highly qualified to introduce the topics of IL/OIPC to the host laboratory. This new experience in optics, within the provided multidisciplinary scientific environment, will be an opportunity for him to complement to his current experience of chemistry. Dr. F. Kanoufi (supervisor) will also mentor the ER in course preparation and strategies through a teaching tribune. The ER will also conduct outreach events to the public with impressive video and hands-on demonstrations such as “mold your battery with Playdoh-like nanocomposites”. Through this critical “transfer of knowledge” the ER’s career will be enhanced.	none given	none given	none given
85232	653184	MPerS	Sustainable Mixed-ion Layered Perovskite Solar Cells					2015-04-01	2017-03-31	2015-03-25	H2020	€ 195,454.80	€ 195,454.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2014-EF	We propose to create and investigate new types of organic-inorganic perovskite materials for low-cost solar cells. The state-of-the-art perovskite based solar cells employ MAPbI3, which has raised concerns over the potential toxicity of Pb. The strategy of the MPerS project is to create, investigate and optimise sustainable perovskite materials for solar cell application. More than one types of metal and organic ions will be introduced in the perovskite structure to realize layered materials which are expected to exhibit both excitonic and free carrier behavior with enhanced stability. Thin films of the new materials will be characterized using several techniques, e.g. Xray diffraction. THz, Time resolved emission spectroscopies, EBIC will be used to understand the generation and dynamics of charge carriers in the materials and across interfaces. Development of solar cells will be carried out with an aim to reach 15% power conversion efficiency employing a non-toxic absorber. This highly interdisciplinary project that spans the field of chemistry, condensed matter physics, electronics and engineering is conceived on basis of the combined expertise of the host and the applicant and state-of-the-art infrastructure at the UOXF. A secondment at Oxford PV will test the commercial viability of the project. This project addresses Horizon 2020’s goals on clean and sustainable energy and the EU’s concern on toxicology of Pb . Completion of the project will open up new areas in low-cost electronic materials with wider impact and improve EU’s competitiveness in materials research. While the applicant will get an opportunity to learn new experimental skills in condensed matter physics and spectroscopy and benefit from industrial exposure. UOXF will benefit from the applicant by using his skills and broader broader collaboration with leading researchers in materials science. A plan is also proposed to carry out public engagement, dissemination and commercial exploitation.	none given	none given	none given
85272	840937	S-PSK-PSK-MJ-PSC	STABLE PEROVSKITE-PEROVSKITE MULTIJUNCTION SOLAR CELLS					2020-09-01	2022-08-31	2019-07-18	H2020	€ 174,806.40	€ 174,806.40	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	Within recent years, metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) attracted enormous attention in research and industries as a future sustainable technology to harvest solar energy at very low cost. The material has demonstrated outstanding optoelectronic properties as well as the tunability of the perovskite bandgap over a wide range of energies by compositional engineering of the crystal structure. These properties enable Perovskite-Perovskite multijunction solar cells, which can harvest a wide range of the sun spectrum at very high efficiencies. The technology combines a high bandgap with a low bandgap perovskite absorber layer and offers the prospects of becoming a fully printable, low-cost and very high efficient thin-film photovoltaic technology. However, up to date, this technology is limited by the low performance and the instabilities of low bandgap (LBG) PSCs. In this project, this key challenge will be tackled by engineering LBG perovskites, both in the 2D as well as the 3D crystal structures, to reach a stable perovskite material of high optoelectronic quality. The ultimate goal is to develop efficient and stable LBG PSCs which will enable a Perovskite-Perovskite multijunction solar cell with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of >27% and >100 hours of stable power output. This will be a major landmark in the development of the photovoltaic technology and also, this fellowship would be an outstanding opportunity to me to promote my knowledge in the photovoltaic science and technology in an experienced and professional center.	none given	none given	none given
85277	745304	HTEPV	Novel hybrid thermoelectric photovoltaic devices: modeling, development, and characterization					2017-09-01	2020-08-30	2017-02-13	H2020	€ 247,924.80	€ 247,924.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2016	This project aims at the practical realization, the characterization, and the industrial/commercial evaluation of optimized hybrid thermoelectric-photovoltaic (HTEPV) devices. HTEPV devices can convert the solar energy more efficiently than normal solar cells, since the thermoelectric component recovers part of the unused heat generated within them. In this project the hybrid optimization will be obtained with an innovative approach recently proposed within a theoretical/computational study by the fellow, Dr. Bruno Lorenzi. The principal objective of this action will be the practical hybridization of two kinds of single junction solar cells in HTEPV devices achieving performances higher than the PV cell alone by at least 25%. The project will be organized in three main phases: outgoing phase (first HTEPV development), ingoing phase (second HTEPV development), and a secondment (encapsulation development at a non-academic institution). Dr. Lorenzi will acquire knowledge and know-how especially by training through research in achieving the objectives of the action. This will contribute to make Dr. Lorenzi an independent and expert researcher in the perspective of his future research carrier. The project will also surely contribute to the advance of field of the energy harvesting. Actually it is well known that for renewables, the higher the efficiency the lower is the total-cost/produced-power ratio. Thus the large expected increase of efficiency for the hybrid devices developed in this action will have a major impact on their price per watt. This will open new concrete possibilities for near-future commercialization of this novel generation of solar harvesters, stimulating industrial productions and new markets. This in turn will lead to a wider diffusion and a higher accessibility of a renewable source of energy for the EU citizens.	none given	none given	none given
85290	701254	GreenChalcoCell	Green and sustainable chalcopyrite and kesterite nanocrystals for inorganic solar cells					2016-07-11	2018-07-17	2016-03-15	H2020	€ 171,460.80	€ 171,460.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2015-EF	“Development of new efficient solar cells (SCs) is one of the hottest topics of the modern material science and technology. Among the challenges evoked by the progress in SC technologies is the quest for new efficient visible-light-absorbers that can be produced from Earth-abundant materials by eco-friendly methods. The aim of the project is to develop strategies for mild and “”green”” synthesis of ternary chalcopyrite ((Cu,Ag)InS(Se)2) and quaternary kesterite ((Cu,Ag)2ZnSn(S,Se)4) nanocrystals (NCs) as visible-light-sensitive active com¬ponents of the semiconductor NC-based solar cells. The principal idea is in realization of low-temperature (below 100 ºC) syntheses directly in polar solvents (water, dimethyl-sulfoxide, etc.) using non-volatile and low-toxic sulfur and selenium sources. Such syntheses will be realized in ambient conditions (no vacuum and inert atmosphere required) and on the gram-scale by using chalcogenide complexes of metals (Sn, In, Sb, etc.) as stabilizers imparting the NCs with the resistance to aggregation and ability to form self-assembled layers after the solvent evaporation. The synthetic protocols will be selected allowing for a precise control of the NC composition and size. The binary and ternary metal chalcogenide NCs will be tested as visible-light-sensitive components of prototype liquid-junction and solid-state SCs where the NCs will serve as spectral sensitizers of the wide-band-gap oxide AIIBVI-type photoanodes to enable photocurrent generation. For the NCs with the best photovoltaic properties synthetic protocols will be developed to produce concentrated colloidal “”inks”” ready for use in scalable technologies of the SCs fabrication.”	none given	none given	none given
85343	101033077	TEXTA	Textured Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells					2021-04-01	2023-03-31	2021-03-11	H2020	€ 191,149.44	€ 191,149.44	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	Halide perovskites exhibit many ideal properties for photovoltaics, as highlighted by the fact that lead halide solar cells (SCs) have now reached efficiencies >25%, a value close the theoretical limit of single-junction SCs. A strategy to overcome this limitation is to combine two SCs, e.g. two perovskites of different compositions, into a tandem device to reduce thermalization and incomplete absorption losses. To maximize power output, each sub-cell must generate a maximum photocurrent matching that of the other sub-cell. This can be achieved by a. careful optimization of the perovskites thicknesses, b. minimizing parasitic absorption in transport layers and electrodes, and c. depositing the SCs on textured substrates. Textures are employed by some SC technologies, e.g. silicon, to enhance absorption and reduce reflection losses. Still, the use of textures in perovskite-based devices has been extremely challenging. Record perovskite-based single-junction and tandem devices rely on solution-processing (spin-coating), complicating and often preventing the uniform coverage of textured surfaces, in addition to hindering their deployment on industry-relevant sizes. This proposal aims to tackle both challenges by producing 30% perovskite-perovskite tandems, where all the functional layers (incl. perovskites) are grown conformally on textured substrates with high uniformity. To track and improve the optoelectronic quality of the perovskites when developing new processing routes, a combination of three in-situ optical spectroscopies (Absorption, PL & Raman) will be implemented. The methods will offer direct insights into the (trans-)formation of perovskites and emergence of defects or unwanted phases. With the means to monitor the quality of the perovskites, the optoelectronic quality of narrow- and wide-bandgap perovskites will be improved through process and additive engineering to finally yield highly efficient textured perovskite-perovskite tandems.	none given	none given	none given
85354	656658	NanoCuI	Nano-Copper Iodide: A New Material for High Performance P-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells					2015-09-03	2017-09-02	2015-03-09	H2020	€ 195,454.80	€ 195,454.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2014-EF	p-Type dye-sensitized photocathodes (p-DSSCs) are a new type of solar energy device. They promise to increase the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by enabling tandem cells that absorb light at both electrodes, in similar fashion to multi-junction semiconductor PV. However, no component of the p-DSSC is fully optimised, and the nickel oxide (NiO) substrates used as the p-type semiconductor appear to be a particular weak point, due to their inefficient charge transport. In this project, we will develop new copper(I) halide electrodes which transport charge much better, and will potentially form the heart of new, efficient p-DSSCs.	none given	none given	none given
85419	838771	CIGNUS	CuInGaSe Nanowires Under the Sun					2019-11-04	2021-11-03	2019-04-10	H2020	€ 159,815.04	€ 159,815.04	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	Photovoltaic energy conversion is the sustainable source of the present and of the future. In the last two decades, its deployment increased by several orders of magnitude, and will keep increasing as solar cell prices keep decreasing. Silicon currently dominates the PV market, but a next generation technology is needed to keep pushing prices down and increasing efficiency. CIGS solar cells are lighter, flexible, and already cheaper to produce than silicon, but their performance is still limited. Nanowires can help improve both cost and efficiency thanks to reduced material consumption, and intrinsically higher performance. In this project we aim to deposit periodic arrays of isolated nanowires by MBE, and by optimising their passivation as well as developing a novel device structure, we hope to increase the efficiency of CIGS solar cells. To do so, we will combine the expertise of the applicant in the growth of III-V semiconductor thin film and nanowires with the knowledge of the host in CIGS materials and MBE, using advanced characterisation techniques and state-of-the-art fabrication facilities.	none given	none given	none given
85453	787180	NEWSENs	eNergy nEutral Wireless SEnsor Networks					2019-05-01	2021-04-30	2018-03-19	H2020	€ 151,648.80	€ 151,648.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2017	Urbanisation is a significant worldwide trend that Smart City technologies aim to address through prolific smart sensing and intelligent actuation and control. However, the high battery replacement costs of wireless sensors impede innovation and long-term deployments. This project aims to alleviate this problem through a novel system architecture that is powered by cheap, renewable solar energy and that uses state-of-the-art radio frequency (RF) wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies. More specifically, this project will study the technical, practical, and economic aspects of eNergy nEutral Wireless SEnsor Networks (NEWSENs) that comprise of solar-powered central access points acting as RF-energy and information hubs serving a collection of RF-powered wireless sensor devices. The electromagnetic waves used to wirelessly communicate data information with the small electronic devices and sensors will therefore also be used to power them up through a rectification circuitry. When inter-connected, these wireless devices form networks capable of supporting various Smart City applications. To demonstrate this new system architecture, a proof-of-concept test-bed will be assembled and used to validate the project’s technical results and support further prototyping and commercial exploitation. This interdisciplinary effort will utilise advanced mathematical models, multi-objective optimisation algorithms, and renewable energy economics. The project will coordinate inter-sectoral (telecommunications and renewable energy) R&D at the KIOS Research and Innovation Centre of Excellence and the FOSS Research Centre for Sustainable Energy, both of which operate under the University of Cyprus. These efforts will be further accentuated by an industrial secondment at RIO SYSTEMS, a fabless semiconductor company in Israel, thus enhancing EU competitiveness in green Smart City solutions and WPT technologies while expanding research collaboration with SMEs in neighbouring countries.	none given	none given	none given
85498	101022257	SMARTCELL	Sustainable Materials for development of Advanced Renewable Technologies for the next generation solar CELLs					2021-08-01	2024-07-31	2021-04-12	H2020	€ 304,724.16	€ 304,724.16	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	Solar photovoltaics (PV) is a leading candidate for the renewable, carbon-free electricity generation with both the scalability and technological maturity to meet the ever-growing global demand for energy. While PV module costs continue to decline rapidly, further system-level cost reductions will require lightweight, sustainable, and flexible module designs that are still inaccessible with today’s mainstream technologies. SMARTCELL proposes an innovative PV technology based on zinc phosphide (Zn3P2), an earth-abundant, low-cost, direct bandgap semiconductor for development of novel ultra-thin solar cells. SMARTCELL will implement novel technological solutions based on advanced nanofabrication methods for synthesis of high crystal quality zinc phosphide, which together with design and optimization of the device interfaces and the cell architecture will lead to achievement of a challenging increase in the device efficiency of up to 15 % at the cell level. These efficiencies will allow initiating the transfer of zinc phosphide based solar cells to pre-industrial stages and give SMARTCELL the opportunity to demonstrate scalable, cost-effective, and environmentally-friendly ultrathin-film PV technology. The working principle of SMARTCELL is based on a holistic interplay between first-principle calculations, synthesis conditions, and atomic-resolution structural and electronic characterization techniques, which will allow cutting-edge engineering of absorber properties, as well as the design of the solar cell architectures. Moreover, an integrated, flexible methodology will keep this target breakthrough in sight. Finally, SMARTCELL has the potential to make a key science-based contribution to energy security, as well as improved societal perception of green energy production.	none given	none given	none given
85507	799778	PREMHYDRO	PROBING REACTION MECHANISMS IN PHOTOCATALYTIC H2 GENERATION					2018-09-01	2020-08-31	2018-02-23	H2020	€ 175,866.00	€ 175,866.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2017	Anthropogenic climate change, together with increasing demands for energy, requires a drive towards sustainable and renewable energy sources.One solution lies in the advancement of a hydrogen economy, however for this to play a key role, sustainable approaches to producing H2 from renewable energy is required. A promising method for localised H2 production is the direct conversion of solar energy to fuel. Photochemical molecular devices that combine a light-harvesting unit, a bridging ligand and a catalytic center offer considerable opportunities and indeed bimetallic systems have been reported based on such combinations as Re/Co, Ru/Pt, Os/Rh, Ru/Rh, Pt/Co and Ir/Rh. During this research programme the Research Fellow will develop multicomponent arrays based on Ir/Fe and Ir/Co assemblies, and focus on the underlying mechanisms leading to solar hydrogen generation in these catalysts, and investigate structure-activity relationships. The research conducted at DCU (Pryce group) will be complemented by two secondments at Groningen (Browne group), and also to the industrial catalysis partner Catexel.To develop efficient photochemical molecular devices for visible light-driven hydrogen production, a thorough understanding of the photophysical and chemical processes in the photocatalyst is of vital importance. Therefore, to probe the photochemical reaction dynamics, the Fellow will gain experience in time resolved techniques spanning the pico to milli-second time frame, time correlated single photon counting, luminescence, and through secondments (resonance) Raman spectroscopy, TR2 and ns-TR3. During in the secondment to the Netherlands the Fellow will spend a period at Catexel where he will be introduced to the steps in product development and IP management. Unique blend of academic knowledge and industrial experience will open up new perspective horizons for the Fellow in his independent career.	none given	none given	none given
85530	843872	WONDER	Low-Bandgap Fused Ring Electron Acceptors towards High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells					2019-06-01	2021-05-31	2019-04-10	H2020	€ 203,852.16	€ 203,852.16	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on fused ring electron acceptors (FREAs) attract significant attention recently and exhibit great potential to achieve high efficiency, due to the FREA’s merits of high absorption coefficients in visible region, easily tunable energy levels, relatively high electron mobility, and proper miscibility with donors for fine phase separation. Despite of the great advance in FREAs over the past few years, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of FREA based OSCs is still lower than those of other solar cells so far. It is limited by two major problems: large bandgap of FREAs and large energy loss (Eloss) in devices.In this project, I aim to address these issues and develop high-efficiency OSCs from three aspects: 1) to develop novel FREAs with low bandgap, matching energy levels and high electron mobility via designing novel large fused ring donor units, 2) To reduce Eloss via adjusting and matching the energy levels of polymer donors and FREAs for high-efficiency OSCs, 3) to formulate key rules of designing FREAs to achieve low Eloss with high short-circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF) via exploring the relationship between Eloss in OSCs and the intrinsic properties of FREAs. The expected outcomes of this project include new FREA materials and high-efficiency OSCs, as well as fundamental knowledge concerning Eloss in OSCs. In addition to the scientific achievements, the fellow will obtain new interdisciplinary knowledge and skills, and achieve professional maturity by training during the project. Successful implementation of this project will also promote the international competitiveness of the host organization in OSCs. Potential commercialization of the new FREA materials and OSC products will contribute to economic growth and afford new job opportunities for the European society.	none given	none given	none given
85534	101028491	SLICE	Surface Lifetime Investigation for Characterization and Enhancement of passivating contacts in c-Si solar cells					2021-04-01	2023-05-21	2021-03-15	H2020	€ 191,149.44	€ 191,149.44	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	In the context of high-efficiency solar cells based on crystalline silicon (c-Si), the integration of passivating contacts between the metal electrodes and the c-Si substrate has been identified as the next step to further improve the photovoltaic conversion efficiency. Passivating contacts consisting in a highly-doped poly-crystalline silicon (poly-Si) layer on top of a thin layer of silicon oxide (SiOx) offer the most promising approach to bridge the gap between device efficiencies in R&D and those in production. However, their development has mainly proceeded through “trial and error” so far, resulting in a limited understanding of their underlying working principle. More specifically, the surface passivation provided by poly-Si contacts is a combination of different mechanisms, among which the limiting one is still unclear due to: i) the interplay between these different mechanisms and ii) the challenge of characterizing thin-film stacks with features to the nanometric scale. Moreover, p-type poly-Si contacts, which are of prime interest since they could provide an alternative to the conventional contact at the rear side of mainstream p-type c-Si solar cells, have so far demonstrated lower passivation properties than their n-type counterparts, the fundamental reason for this difference remaining unclear. Within the SLICE project, a dedicated methodology based on lifetime spectroscopy scpecially adapted to the c-Si surface will be applied to identify electrically active defects limiting the lifetime of charge carriers at the interface between poly-Si contacts and the c-Si. The investigation of different passivating thin-film stacks of iterative complexity will enable to relate their properties to their fabrication process. The insights gained from this original characterization of interfacial defects will support the fabrication of better passivating poly-Si contacts and ultimately solar cells with higher efficiency.	none given	none given	none given
85626	659225	Crystal Solar	Organic-Inorganic perovskite and organic semiconductor films with improved crystal properties via reel-to-reel solution coating; application to photovoltaics and field effect transistors					2016-01-01	2018-12-31	2015-10-27	H2020	€ 251,857.80	€ 251,857.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2014-GF	This project will develop low cost and scalable solution–based coating techniques to yield electrically tunable films with macroscopic crystalline domains of both organic–inorganic perovskite and organic semiconductors. These layers will be used to prepare solution processed hybrid perovskite-based photovoltaic (PV) devices surpassing 20 % solar-to-electricity power conversion efficiency, to provide a low cost and renewable energy supply. The researcher will carry out the processing and characterization of the materials at Professor Zhenan Bao’s laboratory at Stanford University. Professor Bao is a world leader in using solution deposition techniques to tune the physical and electronic properties of solution-processed semiconductors for use in FETs, and is well suited to extend this approach to perovskite PV. The skills and knowledge obtained at Stanford University will be brought back to Professor Henry Snaith’s laboratory at Oxford University and to Oxford Photovoltaics ltd to prepare low cost, scalable perovskite PV with enhanced macroscopic crystal properties and performance. Professor Snaith is recognized as one of the pioneers in perovskite based PV, and is thus excellently placed to guide the researcher in the development of PV with superior performance for eventual employment as large-scale energy supply. This project will form a unique union of two world leading research groups with complementary expertise. There is great potential for the transfer of skills, generation of intellectual property, and industrial involvement within the EU via the ISIS program at Oxford University, and the company Oxford Photovoltaics of which Professor Snaith is the CTO.	none given	none given	none given
85719	840064	2D_PHOT	Two Dimensional Materials for Photonic Devices					2020-03-16	2022-03-15	2019-04-09	H2020	€ 159,815.04	€ 159,815.04	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	The need for inexpensive yet highly efficient photodetectors and solar cells is driving the search for a new generation of semiconductors that have high absorbance in the visible, broad wavelength operation range, are transparent and flexible albeit with strong light-matter interaction, and are easy to process. Manufacturing these optoelectronic devices at a large scale involves concerns at technological, economical, ecological, social and political levels. Ideally, the new materials are abundant, easily processed and feature long term stability and non-toxicity. The advent of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). e.g., MoS2 and WS2, has generated great expectations since these materials fulfill all these requirements. 2D-TMDCs exhibit direct band gaps, high absorption coefficients, and high carrier mobility values, making them promising candidates for optoelectronic applications. The out-of-plane quantum confinement responsible for the direct bandgap in the monolayer, also allows for the modulation of the bandgap as a function of the number of layers. However, for photovoltaics (PV), even if transparency is an important attribute in some niche markets, e.g. building-integrated PV, thickness-limited absorption poses a challenge in general. To overcome this issue, we propose a photonic nanostructuration to maximize light harvesting in these devices. We will combine strong interference effects based in the small penetration in a metallic substrate and the light trapping due to the nanostructuration by lithography of TMDCs over a metallic substrate. Resonators with high-quality factors will have potential applications in light harvesting devices, such as photodetectors, but also in solar cells. We will design and fabricate such an efficient photodetector, and also a solar cell incorporating the photonic design, and demonstrate enhanced performance in a metal back reflector/TMDC/graphene device.	none given	none given	none given
85737	785794	NOMTGCS	Noble Metal Loaded Oxygen-deficient Mesoporous Tungsten Trioxide for Green Catalysis under Solar Light					2019-03-05	2021-07-05	2018-02-23	H2020	€ 195,454.80	€ 195,454.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2017	With the increasingly serious energy and environmental problems caused by the combustion of fossil fuels, the development of efficient solar light driven photocatalysts for green chemical synthesis is an urgent task at present. In this project, the synthesis and solar light driven green catalytic applications of noble metal (Au, Pd, or Au-Pd) loaded oxygen deficient mesoporous tungsten trioxide are proposed. The objectives of this research proposal are to use the as-prepared photocatalysts for the high selective synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from water and molecular oxygen without the usage of hydrogen gas, and to use the in-situ formed hydrogen peroxide for directly oxidation of alcohols and primary carbon-hydrogen bonds in toluene with high selectivity under solar light. A series of mesoporous tungsten trioxide can be facilely prepared by a hard template replicating method using mesoporous silica as template and phosphotungstic acid as a precursor. Oxygen deficient mesoporous tungsten trioxide will be prepared by hydrogenation treatment under different temperature. The interconnected mesopores in tungsten trioxide are beneficial for the adsorption of noble metal precursors. Noble metal nanocrystals would be formed by in-situ reduction on the oxygen deficient mesoporous tungsten trioxide under solar light irradiation. The special heterojunction of noble metal nanoparticles and oxygen deficient mesoporous tungsten trioxide semiconductor will result in high-performance, stable novel photocatalysts for green catalysis under solar light. The new catalytic concepts by the utilization of solar light for highly efficient green chemical synthesis proposed in this project will provide great benefits for both the whole chemical industry and our environment.	none given	none given	none given
85812	705723	ARCADIA	Advanced devices for the Reduction of CArbon DIoxide and Artificial photosynthesis					2016-05-01	2018-04-30	2016-03-17	H2020	€ 168,277.20	€ 168,277.20	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2015-EF	The ARCADIA project will focus on building artificial photosynthetic devices (or photoelectrochemical cells), with the aim of producing alternative fuels exploiting renewable energy sources (namely sunlight). The key strategy will involve the development of photoelectrodes able to perform the water oxidation (at the anode) and the carbon dioxide reduction (at the cathode), and their further assembly in a standalone set-up (i.e. requiring no other energy source, but sunlight). Thus, ARCADIA will contribute to the abatement of the atmospheric anthropogenic emissions of the greenhouse gas CO2 by its exploitation as a renewable carbon feedstock to obtain clean fuels and value-added chemicals as the target products.	none given	none given	none given
85813	101024237	GNPs4PVs	Graphene NanoPlatelets current collectors based fully Printable Passivated Perovskite PhotoVoltaics					2021-09-01	2023-08-31	2021-03-17	H2020	€ 191,149.44	€ 191,149.44	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	Due to their high efficiencies (>25%), low-cost and compatibility with scalable, low energy demanding fabrication techniques, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are the most promising PV technology to replace silicon. However, there are challenges towards their commercialisation, including the low operational stability, the use of expensive components (gold) and the need for expensive, high temperature/vacuum deposition equipment. These complexities increase the manufacturing cost/carbon footprint and reduce the manufacturing throughput. A promising way to overcome these challenges is by adopting the Carbon-based PSCs (CPSCs) configuration, in which the gold electrode is replaced by a low-cost printable carbon (graphite-based) conductive film. However, due to the electronic losses at the Carbon/Perovskite interface and the high sheet resistance of graphite-based Carbon electrodes (>10 Ohm/sq), the highest reported certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) for CPSC is just 12.8%. The research carried out under this proposal aims to: 1) generate the first CPSC with certified PCE > 20% and operational lifetime comparable to commercial technologies and 2) demonstrate stable CPSC modules (100cm2) with >15% PCE. This will be enabled by exploiting novel printable Graphene Nanoplate based electrodes (replacing graphite), perovskite passivation and interfacial engineering approaches. Such an outcome would be tremendously important for the EU market and will attract the attention of industry towards commercialization. The expected outcome will enable a significant reduction in the levelized cost of electricity to 0.03 €/kWh, even below the cost of traditional energy sources. Also, a significant reduction of CO2 emissions is expected, thanks to the excellent device lifetime potential and the low energy demanding fabrication processes. Therefore, the demonstration of CPSCs with the aforementioned capabilities would represent a significant scientific and technological breakthrough.	none given	none given	none given
85896	843453	STARS	STable perovskite solar cells via interfacial engineering of 2D/3D mixed-dimensional Absorbers and Robust dopant-free hole transporting materialS					2019-09-01	2021-08-31	2019-04-12	H2020	€ 191,149.44	€ 191,149.44	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	The growth of perovskite in the photovoltaic field is unprecedented. In only a very few years, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) raised from 3.8% (in 2009) to 23.3% (in 2018). However, before bringing PSCs to an industrial scale-up process, major issues need to be addressed, among one of the most concerns the lack of stability against IEC61646 accelerated aging protocol. Improving stability is at the heart of the STARS project. To achieve such an important goal, STARS combines two main approaches: (i) Development of 2D/3D mixed-dimensional perovskites via interfacial engineering and (ii) development of robust dopant-free hole transporting materials (HTM). Fellow’s knowledge of HTM synthesis and device processing will be highly beneficial for Prof. Hagfeldt (host) research activities which are mainly focused on the development of new materials and molecular engineering of interfaces to achieve stability. STARS is designed to expand/broaden fellow’s knowledge towards device aging, crystallography, and photophysics. STARS will add several new dimensions to fellow’s skill set and instill leadership qualities and management skills that will be extremely beneficial for his future career.	none given	none given	none given
86117	654723	Solarfuels	Engineering Silicon Carbide Nanowires for Solar Fuels Production					2015-08-28	2017-08-27	2015-03-25	H2020	€ 195,454.80	€ 195,454.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2014-EF	By 2020, the European Union aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20-30% and increase renewable energy share to 20%. This scenario has imposed urgent needs to develop fossil fuel alternatives like solar fuels. In order to produce solar fuels, the coupled reduction of CO2 and H2O is one of the most promising processes. However, the generation of efficient, stable and low-cost material for CO2/H2O reduction remains a big challenge. Silicon carbide nanowires (SiC NW) exhibit the unique properties of large surface-to-volume ratio, tuneable transport properties and quantum size effects, which is very promising for the reduction of CO2/H2O to produce solar fuels. To date, the studies on SiC NW for CO2/H2O reduction are limited due to the lack of (1) large-scale production techniques, (2) in situ characterization of the growth mode, and (3) there are no economical devices available for the evaluation of SiC NW. This project, SOLARFUELS, proposes the engineering of SiC NW for solar fuels production through the development of a carbon nanotube template method for large-scale synthesis of SiC NW combing with in situ characterization of SiC NW during growth and post-mortem. Design of an economically viable device is envisaged to exploit the in house generated SiC NWs. By introducing novel multiple sample holders for atmospheric gaseous reaction, the designed device can enable efficient catalyst/reactant contact along the vertically orientation of SiC NW and reduce the cost for the device by at least a half.The SOLARFUELS is built across research areas of materials science, chemistry, chemical and device engineering. It perfectly integrates the Experienced Researcher (ER)’s skills in solar energy application/device development and the Supervisor’s expertise in nanomaterials synthesis/characterization. It will play an important role in advancing ER’s career for a permanent position and in addition it will contribute to new approaches to further host’s solar fuel research.	none given	none given	none given
86153	799835	THINKPV	Forecasting Tool for supporting of grid operations with HIgh INtegration of distributed PV generation					2018-09-10	2021-03-12	2018-04-03	H2020	€ 152,653.20	€ 152,653.20	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2017	The European Union policy for climate and energy imposes significant targets for a high integration of renewable energy sources in the period from 2020 to 2030. System operators have to deal with operational flexibility to respond to variability and to uncertainty of the renewable generation, ensuring the network reliability and security. While significant efforts have been made into the developing accurate forecasts, much work remains to integrate the forecasting in the electric system operations. The successful incorporation of forecasts into grid operation emerges as an important challenge. Accurate photovoltaic (PV) generation forecasts are major themes of the research roadmap of many international task forces, as Smart Grids SRA 2035 to support the flexibility increasing of the power systems. In this context, the project aims to support large scale integration of PV systems in countries with a high solar resource and a significant potential of small capacity PV systems such as Greece. The Institute of Communication and Computer Systems (ICCS) is the most important Hellenic research institute, committed to support Hellenic Electricity Distribution Network Operator S.A. (HENDO) that is dealing with a radical modernization of the existing network. The THINKPV project encourages the ICCS and its industrial partners to facilitate PV grid integration by the development of a probabilistic forecasting system based on machine learning, taking advantage of data that can be measured in the distribution network, in order to improve forecast accuracy compared to the state of art. The model will be assembled into a solar power forecasting system that will be operational at the Electric Energy Systems Laboratory (EESL) of the ICCS to operate directly with tools for simulating power system operations. A prototype of operational solar forecasting systems will be demonstrated for HENDO, providing also a training program for its efficiency and correct application.	none given	none given	none given
86187	702629	R2R-3G	Towards Roll-to-Roll Production of Third Generation Solar Cells					2016-06-01	2018-05-31	2016-03-18	H2020	€ 187,419.60	€ 187,419.60	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2015-EF	The world energetic demand keeps growing especially due to the development of the emerging markets. The actual fossil fuels sources cannot assure the future energetic consumption. Studying new methodologies to exploit renewable energetic sources is therefore of utmost importance. The solar energy will have a crucial role in the energetic solution since it is the renewable source with the highest energy reaching the Earth crust. The scientific aim of this action, R2R-3G, is to increase the efficiency-cost ratio of photovoltaic technology. For this purpose, this project plans to exploit both the high efficiency of third generation (3G) solar cells, and the low cost fabrication methods based on roll-to-roll (R2R) processes. Part of the innovation of R2R-3G project lies in a methodological approach that makes compatible the flexibility of the devices required for roll-to-roll processes with the up-scaling of nanowire solar cells. The experienced researcher, Dr. Romero-Gomez, has a vast knowledge in the use of nanotechnology for modifying the solar cell architecture. The societal aim of R2R-3G is to assure the sustainability of the future energetic consumption using technologies that are respectful with the environment. The multidisciplinary perspective adopted, combining nanotechnology, material science, photonics, physics, and chemistry, ultimately aims to provide useful solutions to assure the future global energetic demand. In this way, this proposal directly addresses the challenge “Secure, Clean and Efficient Energy” in Horizon 2020 program. R2R-3G project will reinforce the European role in photovoltaic industry and decrease its excessive energetic import, which currently is more than 50% of its energy consumption making it vulnerable to external suppliers.	none given	none given	none given
86193	799408	QuESt	Quantum Enhanced Organic Photovoltaics by Strong Coupling of IR Vibrations to an Optical Cavity					2018-09-01	2022-12-11	2018-03-21	H2020	€ 262,269.00	€ 262,269.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2017	In the quest for solar cell technologies, organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are playing a leading role as a potentially cost-effective and clean solution. Thus, much research has been devoted into increasing power conversion efficiencies (PCE), currently ~10% by optimising material properties at the different steps involved in the conversion of light into charge. There is evidence that charge delocalization and hot charge transfer (CT) states facilitate charge separation at the electron donor/acceptor interface. State-of-the-art OPVs already exhibit very high (>90%) internal quantum efficiencies (IQE). However, PCE relies not only on high IQE but also on minimizing energy loses (e.g. exciton relaxation) and avoiding charge recombination. A possible strategy to increase PCE is to find ways to optimise charge separation that allow simultaneously for high quantum efficiencies and architectures with longer exciton diffusion lengths or lower charge recombination rates. In QuESt we will investigate how to enhance OPV functionality by the emerging approach of modifying material properties through the hybridization of matter and photon states under strong light matter coupling. In particular, the aim of this project is to modify charge separation and eventually PCE in OPVs by engineering strong coupling between IR molecular vibrations and an optical cavity mode. We will develop a theoretical framework to describe the energy structure and charge dynamics in OPVs under strong vibrational coupling that will be benchmarked with non-linear spectroscopy experiments.	none given	none given	none given
86294	101025621	TADF-LDS	Visually Attractive Photovoltaic Panels without Efficiency Loss					2021-09-01	2023-10-04	2021-04-19	H2020	€ 224,933.76	€ 224,933.76	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	Photovoltaic (PV) technology has proven to be the most promising, economic, and clean solution to the global energy crisis. Over the years, tremendous advancements have been accomplished in the solar PV industry in terms of installations, cost reductions and technological advancements. Crystalline silicon (c-Si) panels belong to the first-generation solar PV and hold ~ 95% share of worldwide PV production. The energy conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells in the lab reached a record value of 26.7% in 2017. An important factor affecting the efficiency of Si solar cells is the poor spectral response of Si below 450 nm. Luminescent Down-Shifting (LDS) is an efficient optical approach used for increasing PV device spectral response by converting high energy photons to lower energy photons. LDS can also be used to modify and enhance the visual appearance of solar panels for building-integrated PV applications. To date various luminescent materials like inorganic phosphors and glasses, colloidal QDs, organic dyes and organolanthanides have been studied as LDS layer in different PV devices. Organolanthanide complexes have proven to be attractive candidates to improve the EQE of solar cells compared to other LDS materials due to their uniquely large spectral shift of emission. Their major drawback to date however, is poor light harvesting in the 350 – 450 nm spectral region while simultaneously maintaining high PL quantum yield. To achieve a step change in performance of lanthanide complex LDS materials, we will implement for the first time ligands that exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), since these may achieve close to 100% ligand to metal sensitization efficiency, even at near-UV and visible wavelengths. This unique method will extend the absorption range of Ln complexes (from <385 nm to <470 nm) with enhanced absorption coefficient, while achieving improved overall quantum yield of Ln complexes and hence overall improved EQE of PV cells.	none given	none given	none given
86328	659237	PerovskiteHTM	New Hole-Transport Materials to Enhance Perovskite Solar Cells					2016-02-01	2018-01-31	2015-03-19	H2020	€ 195,454.80	€ 195,454.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2014-EF	The extraordinary recent progress in lead-halide perovskite-based solar cells has largely been based on the properties and processing of the perovskite layer. Inevitably some cell performance limitations are now linked with other component materials, where progress is required to enable the full potential of the technology to be realised:1.Poor charge mobility and/or high synthesis cost of current organic hole-transport materials (HTMs) incorporated into cells, limiting current collection and cost.2.Poor moisture stability of the perovskite, limiting device lifetime.3.Toxicity of Pb, that could preclude some application areas for the devices, or poorer light harvesting if Pb is replaced by Sn.This proposal tackles all three of these points, through design, synthesis, characterisation, in-house testing and application of new organic hole-transport materials with enhanced properties. This builds upon materials previously developed in the host group, which have already shown excellent promise in perovskite cells. Crucially, the project will provide a complementary experience for the Fellow that adds to his previous outstanding contributions during his PhD to the area of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). His PhD experience in preparing emissive materials for these electricity-in-light-out OLEDs will now be extended to light-in-electricity-out solar cells. This will give the Fellow a superb overview of both fields such that he can use the synergies in materials development across the whole area as a springboard for his subsequent career.	none given	none given	none given
86329	753124	NanoAID	Advanced In-situ Techniques for the Development of Metal Oxide Nanostructures.					2017-04-01	2019-03-31	2017-03-07	H2020	€ 187,419.60	€ 187,419.60	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2016	Complex metal oxides (MO) are the center of interest in a range of fields, with one of the most exciting applications being artificial photosynthesis. Converting solar energy into chemical bonds, once perfected, might constitute a large part of a solution to the energy sustainability problem modern society faces. Semiconductor MOs have been shown to be promising candidates for light absorbers in anodes of photoelectrochemical cells used for water cleavage and hydrogen production from sunlight. Candidate materials with optimal band gap and band alignment with water redox level used in such devices are often selected based on combinatorial material science techniques (inkjet printing, co-sputtering) and theoretical calculations. Once a compound is identified as having promising photoelectrochemical properties, a fabrication route is sought to prepare nano-structured thin films. Colloidal chemistry is a highly promising approach for the synthesis of complex MO nano crystals (NCs), in principle allowing control over the size and structure of the NCs by choosing appropriate precursors and tuning the conditions (temperature, time, reagent concentration, organic ligands). These advancements greatly facilitate research in the field of complex functional materials and are now a standard, but the optimization of synthesis-by-design of NCs and thin films fabrication has been lacking and mainly based on a trial and error approach. With NanoAID we will address this important issue and develop a comprehensive toolbox for synthesis and characterization of complex oxides, which will go beyond the state of the art with precise defects and non-stoichiometry control capabilities. NanoAID will focus on developing a toolbox for rapid structural and morphological characterization of complex oxide NCs and thin films, and thermodynamic analysis of the involved compounds. Research will center on ternary and quaternary compounds, namely Cu/Mn-V-O.	none given	none given	none given
86401	701745	NanoINCAGE	Luminescent Nanocrystals in a Cage for Solar-to-Fuel Conversion					2016-09-01	2018-08-31	2016-02-12	H2020	€ 175,419.60	€ 175,419.60	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2015-EF	Artificial photosynthesis, which can produce hydrogen and oxygen from solar irradiation, is one of the possible means to provide clean and renewable energy. Despite the recent progress, this emerging field is challenged by huge technical and scientific questions. In natural photosynthesis light absorption and catalysis occur in different sites of the leaf. In a simplified scenario, the energy harvested by the light absorbing pigments is funnelled towards the oxygen evolving complex. Here, we propose to realize the same biologically-inspired scheme using a novel hybrid system consisting of colloidal quantum dots embedded in a metal organic framework cage (CQD@MOF). In particular, a CQD Förster-transfer based light harvesting antenna will directionally transfer energy to a catalyst located in separate sites of the device. In addition to the rich basic science opportunities behind the introduction of this new concept in artificial photosynthesis, full-solar spectrum harvesting deriving from the characteristic size-dependent band gap tunability of CQDs, the potential for high voltages by combining CQDs of different size and composition, and the lack of contact between the light absorber and the electrolyte, intrinsic to the proposed device architectures, are all advantages that make this CQD@MOF hybrid Förster-based scheme highly appealing. One of the key component of the research will be to develop synthetic schemes to access these multifunctional systems with an unprecedented level of control through multiple length-scales. The experience and the skills gained by the applicant during her earlier carrier in the device fabrication together with the long-standing experience of the supervisor in this field will be extremely beneficial for a successful outcome of the proposal.NanoINCAGE is highly multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary program and its successful outcome will tremendously impact several other research fields in chemistry, materials science and engineering.	none given	none given	none given
86545	752608	HT PHOTO DB	High throughput computing for accelerated photovoltaic material discovery: From material database to the new generation of photovoltaic materials.					2018-04-01	2020-05-31	2017-03-06	H2020	€ 158,121.60	€ 158,121.60	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2016	This proposal combines synergistically the predictive power of quantum mechanical calculations with a high throughput framework for the accelerated photovoltaic material discovery. The main objective of the project is the creation of a material database that contains no crystalline-complex materials, which can be potential candidate for the development of a new generation of photovoltaic material. The robustness of the project is reinforced by the secondment of Onyx solar which will synthesis and characterize the most promising candidates to validate the methodology and optimize the process. The collaboration between ICCRAM researchers and facilities and the experience of the fellow in this multidisciplinary field guarantee the ideal conditions for the success of the research and the development of new methodologies, infrastructures and knowledge that are highly linked to the roadmap described in Horizon 2020	none given	none given	none given
86551	101028693	SpinPVK	Photon induced Spintronics on Hybrid Organic-inorganic Perovskites: Effect of Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling					2021-07-26	2023-11-26	2021-04-07	H2020	€ 172,932.48	€ 172,932.48	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	In the Last few years, hybrid organic-inorganic trihalide perovskite (HOIP) solar cells an imperative and motivating research field and this is an interesting multifunction material owing to their high carrier mobility, semiconducting properties, and extremely high performance in solar cells (achieved solar power conversion efficiency is >25%). On the other hand, a numerous theoretical and experimental research were done and going based on perovskite materials. But, till the perovskite materials is a promising material for further development in photovoltaics and optoelectronics devices. However, beyond the photovoltaic applications, HOIP’s electron spin characteristic behaviour have not been studied in detail and the reports are very limited. In this SpinPVK project, to demonstrate the effect of spin states in perovskite materials photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices, due to the spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Also, to study the photon induced spin-polarized carrier injection into HOIP’s for spin light emitting diode and spin-valve devices. we will switch the photoexcited charge carrier polarization from linear to circular polarization by the effect spin induced band shifting, which will be increase the photocurrent and photovoltage in HOIPs photovoltaics. In addition, we will validate the influence of perpendicular magnetic field on HOIP by photon induced spin orientation and long life time photocarrier for high efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Overall, this SpinPVK project aims to develop and fabrication of HOIP based spintronic devices and which will be delivered in-depth knowledge about spin-related properties such as SOC, Stark effect, magneto-optical effect, polarized light-related effect, complex light emission and spin/photon induced photovoltaics. Also, this project will be proved to overcome the stability issues in HOIPs for pav way of commercialization.	none given	none given	none given
86585	792720	CLAReTE	Combinatorially Led Advanced Research on Transparent Electrodes					2018-07-01	2020-06-30	2018-03-01	H2020	€ 187,419.60	€ 187,419.60	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2017	CLAReTÉ will develop new p-type transparent conductive materials (TCMs) for use as contact layers in high-efficiency solar cells. State-of-the-art solar cell fabrication will be combined with high-throughput material development for an integrated experimental approach. This project bridges the typical gap between device fabrication and material science, thus allowing real-world performance to guide development of new functional materials. Computational insight into electronic structure of p-type semiconductors will drive material selection, based on the prediction that certain chemistries lead to disperse valence bands and inherently high hole mobility, thus relaxing the requirement for degenerate doping for sufficient p-type conductivity. Material development will be coupled to rapid-feedback testing in state-of-the-art silicon heterojunction (SHJ) and perovskite solar cells (PSC). In both technologies, multi-layer front contacts currently provide several functions, e.g. electrical passivation, carrier selectivity, and conductivity. These multi-layer designs increase fabrication complexity and production cost, and for PSCs, these designs also fail to guard against degradation of the hybrid organic absorber layer by thermal, chemical, or UV stress. CLAReTÉ will replace these multi-layer contacts with a single, p-type TCM, thus drastically simplifying fabrication for SHJ cells and increasing lifetime of PSCs. Through this project, the fellow will gain training in cutting edge solar cell fabrication, characterization, and analysis, which will round out her expertise in high-throughput material development. Further, CLAReTÉ will give her the opportunity to exercise her scientific creativity and innovative problem-solving skills by applying them to a technological problem with a materials science-based solution. Ultimately, the MSCA fellowship will elevate the international visibility of A. Fioretti’s career and will significantly expand her future career opportunities.	none given	none given	none given
86662	798409	HMST-PC	Synthesis of Hybrid Metal-Semiconductor Tetrapod Photocatalysts for Improved Water Splitting					2019-01-01	2020-12-31	2018-04-26	H2020	€ 170,509.20	€ 170,509.20	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2017	While modern photovoltaic cells (PVCs) are capable of efficiently and directly generating usable electricity from sunlight, daily variations in availability of this key resource during day/night cycles points to a need to store the generated power for use when the PVCs are not active. To this end, systems that directly use the energy of sunlight to drive chemical reactions that otherwise would be thermodynamically uphill have been vigorously studied since the late 1960s. Such “solar-to-fuel” generating systems are targeted to store energy from sunlight in the form of chemical bonds which can be later broken with mild external stimulus to provide energy on-demand. Of these systems, the most studied for the collection and storage of solar energy is the photoinduced solar water splitting reaction, wherein liquid water is broken down into hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2) using semiconductor photocatalysts. This proposal seeks to develop a novel nanoscale Hybrid Metal-Semiconductor Tetrapod Photocatalyst (HMST-PC) for solar energy conversion. This catalyst is specifically designed for the efficient generation of fuels (H2 and O2) from only sunlight and H2O. The nanocatalyst will consist of: i) four light-absorbing CdS antennae, ii) an embedded CdSe core to guide internal energetics, iii) a binary noble metal cocatalyst for H2 evolution, and iv) a robust metal-oxide cocatalyst for O2 evolution. In addition to developing an all-in-one solar photocatalyst, fundamental scientific advances made in this action will serve to i) expand the toolbox of precision nanomaterials synthetic methods available to researchers, ii) address long standing issues of charge-extraction in nanoscale catalyst systems, and iii) develop new methods to stabilize functional photocatalysts against photocorrosion. These advances will help enable future researchers to engineer better (more well-defined) model systems with a level of synthetic precision not available in the past.	none given	none given	none given
86680	746190	PhoCuS-Flow	Photocatalysis induced by copper complexes supported on Silica materials-Study in Flow processes					2018-05-01	2020-04-30	2017-03-03	H2020	€ 170,121.60	€ 170,121.60	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2016	PhoCuS-Flow project aims to contribute to the European Research Area (ERA) by developing a new generation of sunlight activated copper photocatalysts supported on mesoporous silica. Three novel concepts are proposed: i) use of tris(triazolyl)methanol-Cu-complexes (developed in the host group) as photocatalysts in organic reactions, ii) the immobilization of the complexes on mesoporous silica materials to be used as heterogeneous and recyclable catalysts and iii) implementation of a continuous flow setup in order to gain in efficiency and potential industrial applicability. These objectives have a direct impact in some of the ‘Societal Challenges’ listed in H2020 i.e. ‘Secure, Clean and Efficient Energy’ and ‘Climate action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw Materials’.PhoCuS-Flow will merge the expertise of the host group in organic chemistry catalysts immobilization and flow processes, together with the background of the applicant in the synthesis of materials, heterogeneous catalysis and management, to reach the desired deliverables and milestones. In addition, a secondment for further specialization in photophysics and photocatalysis has been included in the work plan.An ambitious training program including a number of new scientific and soft skills to be transferred to the applicant is also envisaged. Moreover, the ER will transfer her knowledge to the host groups and will be the link between them to forge future collaborations.Altogether, PhoCuS-Flow will give the candidate a unique opportunity to gain new expertise in different areas of research and new soft skills and leadership capacities. Hence, MSCA will position her at the forefront of the young researchers in the ERA, making possible to reach a position as a group leader at a University in the European Union.	none given	none given	none given
86738	705944	THERMOSTALL	High Performance Seasonal Solar Energy Latent Heat Thermal Storage Using Low Grade, Low Melting Temperature Metallic Alloys					2016-11-01	2018-10-31	2016-03-18	H2020	€ 195,454.80	€ 195,454.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2015-EF	Energy storage technologies have long been a subject of great interest to both academia and industry. The aim of this project is to develop a novel, cost effective and high performance Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage System (LHTESS) for seasonal accumulation of solar energy in increased quantities. The major barrier for currently used Phase Change Materials (PCMs, organic and hydrated salts) is their very low heat conduction coefficient, low density, chemical instability and tendency to sub-cooling. Such inferior thermo-physical properties result in the LHTESS having large dimensions and not having a capacity to provide the necessary rate of heat re-charge and discharge, even with highly developed heat exchangers. The new approach to overcome the above issues is the deployment of low grade, eutectic low melting temperature metallic alloys (ELMTAs). The ELMTAs are currently produced for application in other areas and have not been actively considered for the thermal energy accumulation with the exception of very limited studies. Their heat conduction is two orders of magnitude greater than that of conventional PCMs, they are stable and provide the thermal storage capacity which is 2-3 times greater per unit of volume. The project consists of both theoretical and experimental investigations. A range of low grade ELMTAs for application in LHTESS will be selected and Differential Scanning Calorimetry will be used to measure their thermal properties. Thermal cycling tests of such alloys will be conducted. Numerical investigations of heat transfer and flow in the LHTESS with ELMTAs will be performed. Experimental studies of heat transfer and flow in a laboratory prototype of the LHTESS with ELMTAs will be conducted. As outcomes of investigations, dimensionless heat transfer correlations will be derived and design recommendations for a practical solar energy seasonal LHTESS with the low grade ELMTA will be produced for project industrial partner	none given	none given	none given
86743	752520	SOLSTORE	Solid-state reactions for thermal energy storage					2017-03-15	2019-03-14	2017-03-08	H2020	€ 161,590.22	€ 161,590.22	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2016	In this project proposal reversible solid-state chemical reactions (eutectoids, peritectoids) are proposed for the storing of thermal energy at high temperature (300-800 °C). The development of a novel heat storage concept, based on solid-solid reactions, proposed in this project, could contribute to open new scenarios in the thermal energy storage field. To the best of our knowledge, the use of this class of reactions for TES applications has not been explored so far. The goal of this study is the identification of solid-state reactions fulfilling a large number of scientific and technological requirements (high storage capacity, good thermal conductivity, mechanical and chemical stability, complete reversibility of a charging/discharging cycles etc.). For this scope, an interdisciplinary research strategy will be followed involving materials chemistry, physics and engineering disciplines to achieve a complete overview of their behaviour starting from basic research challenges, focused on the material development and characterization (reactivity, stability, kinetic, reversibility, heat and mass transfer etc.), up to arrive to the investigation of their feasibility in real applications (e.g. concentrated solar power technologies (CSP) and waste heat recovery). During the project a two direction transfer of knowledge will be applied. On one side, an intense training will be offered to the applicant by the host laboratory with the objective to increase his scientific and managerial skills. Secondment in one established European technological center with recognized international expertise in concentrating solar plants (CSP) technologies is also planned. On the other side, the applicant will make available the knowledge and competences matured along his career both to give an impulse to the scientific work and fulfil the objectives set in the project and to explore other funding opportunities and collaborations.	none given	none given	none given
86749	704852	GaLIophore	Selective recovery of gallium from wastewaters of GaAs fabrication industry using siderophore based bisorptive biocomposites					2016-10-01	2019-01-01	2016-02-02	H2020	€ 171,460.80	€ 171,460.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2015-EF	The projected use of GaAs and CIGS solar panel will lead to 137 tonnes deficit of Ga in 2020. As the Ga can only be economically mined as a by-product of bauxite mining which is not going to increase dramatically in near future, the only way to meet the projected EU requirement is by the recovery of Ga from scraps (LED waste) or GaAs fabrication industry wastewater. However, there is so far no commercially viable technology available.The objective of this project is to develop a commercially viable green technology for the recovery of Ga from GaAs fabrication industry wastewater. This proposal exploits the high affinity of siderophores towards Ga(III) to selectively recover Ga from GaAs fabrication industry wastewater. The biggest challenge in developing siderophores based Ga recovery technology is achieving efficient solid-liquid separation and easy scalability.This study proposes to anchor, entrap and immobilize selected siderophores on solid surfaces, gels and cellulose filter, respectively, thus easing solid-liquid separation and scalability. Batch adsorption and desorption experiments will be carried out to optimize the experimental conditions for the recovery of Ga from the GaAs fabrication industry wastewater. The interaction of Ga(III) and siderophores will be studied at molecular level. This understanding will help us to apply the developed technology to different critical metals as well and develop siderophores based bioleaching process and biosensors. The next phase of the project would involve semi-continuous and continuous experiments to scale-up the best possible configuration selected during the batch study. Finally, economic modeling will be carried out to support the commercialization of the developed technology.This proposal will train the experienced researcher in developing green technology and soft skills, make host the forte of innovative biotechnology and increase the competitiveness of EU at global scale in critical raw metals.	none given	none given	none given
86771	101029896	SAMA	Solution-processed All-perovskite Multi-junction Architectures for Flexible and Printable Solar Cells					2022-03-17	2024-03-16	2021-03-05	H2020	€ 224,933.76	€ 224,933.76	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	This project entails the design and fabrication of Solution-processed All-perovskite Multi-junction solar cell Architectures (SAMA) that can be integrated with printable solar cell technology. Using knowledge obtained at Monash University, Melbourne and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSRIO), we plan to fabricate all-perovskite tandem architectures that are entirely solution-processable. This feature allows for compatibility with existing large-scale, high-throughput printable fabrication techniques. Sequential deposition of solution-processed semiconductor layers will be obtained using orthogonal solvent systems. Finding suitable solution-processable recombination, electron and hole accepting layer, that can be sequentially deposited without damaging the underlying layers, will be a major goal of the project. We will employ a recently engineered acetonitrile/methylamine solvent system to deposit a narrow band gap rear-cell with improved stability, by employing more stable ionic perovskite compositions and introducing effective reducing agents.	none given	none given	none given
86812	659491	EpiAnodes	Heteroepitaxial α-Fe2O3 photoanodes for solar water splitting					2015-10-01	2017-09-30	2015-04-02	H2020	€ 170,509.20	€ 170,509.20	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2014-EF	Within the past 40 years, tremendous progress has been made in both the efficiency and cost reduction of photovoltaic (PV) cells that convert sunlight to electricity. However, one of the main limitations of using solar power as an energy source is that the electricity must be used immediately or stored in a secondary device . Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells combined in tandem with PV cells offer a solution to this problem by using solar radiation (light) to electrolyze water and generate hydrogen which can then be converted to electricity using fuel cells or be used to synthesize and store hydrocarbon fuels by hydrogenation of CO2 . The host’s (Prof. Avner Rothschild) research group at the Technion Institute of Technology in Israel has recently made a landmark advancement in the quest for efficient solar water splitting. The development of a resonant light trapping technique in ultrathin absorbing films on reflective substrates opens the possibility to overcome the greatest challenge facing efficient water splitting in α-Fe2O3 photoanodes, namely, the trade-off between optical absorption length and charge carrier collection length. The Experienced Researcher proposes a novel research plan building upon the invention and involving heteroepitaxial deposition of ultrathin Fe2O3 films for solar water splitting. The proposed research is highly innovative and will develop methods for precise control of thin microstructures and their compositions; these will allow for engineering of films that are nearly free of defects which will improve the efficiency of the photoanodes by suppressing bulk recombination and at the same time, cover novel fundamental research directions such as study of doping on α-Fe2O3 properties without entanglement from microstructural effects, heteroepitaxial multilayer structures with selective charge transport layers, and directional charge transport in α-Fe2O3.	none given	none given	none given
86813	703746	a-Si PVT-ORC	A novel amorphous silicon cell-based solar cogeneration system using the coupled thermal storage/organic Rankine cycle as an alternative to battery					2017-01-10	2019-01-09	2016-03-10	H2020	€ 195,454.80	€ 195,454.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2015-EF	The indicative start date is 01 January 2017.This fellowship will bring an excellent young researcher (Dr Jing Li), the winner of Springer Thesis Prize and Excellent PhD Graduate Award of the President of Chinese Academy of Sciences, to investigate a medium temperature photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) system incorporated with the coupled thermal storage/organic Rankine cycle (ORC) as a novel alternative to battery. Due to its unique positive power temperature coefficient, the efficiency of amorphous silicon (a-Si) cell can be higher than that of a crystalline silicon (c-Si) cell when the operating temperature is above 100°C, at which heat is able to drive the ORC. This has therefore stimulated the applicants to propose the a-Si PVT-ORC system which combines the respective advantages of PV and solar ORC technologies. The a-Si PVT-ORC system is estimated to have an overall electrical efficiency up to 12.8% at 120°C, which is comparable to the c-Si PVT system at 75°C, but the former can eliminate expensive battery and use the coupled thermal storage/ORC instead, offering more economic and environmental benefits.The proposed project will offer an excellent opportunity of training and development for the very promising young researcher. The project has been carefully designed to match Dr Li’s expertise in solar thermal power systems and the expertise of the University of Nottingham in CHP, BiPV, CFD and 3D printing technologies, and thus facilitates a two-way knowledge transfer. Successful completion of this fellowship will contribute to the European excellence in solar power technology, and promote the professional competence and career prospect of Dr Li. He will share his knowledge and expertise on ORC and a-Si cell techniques by hosting a series of seminars for EU researchers and engineers, lecturing at an industrial dissemination event, giving a special lecture to the architectural and environmental engineering students, and participating in outreach activities of the host institute.	none given	none given	none given
86854	707168	MatchForSolar	Mechanochemical Approach to Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells					2016-09-01	2018-02-28	2016-03-08	H2020	€ 131,564.70	€ 131,564.70	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2015-EF	Solar energy is one of the most abundant and renewable energy sources that have minimum harmful impact on the environment compare to other sources like fossil or nuclear energies. An ideal solar cell requires low-cost, trouble-free, abundant material resources with good stability and high power conversion efficiency, also competent to integrate into large area. More recently, a research interest from the photovoltaic community has concentrated on organic–inorganic halide perovskites and nowadays perovskite solar cells represent an emerging photovoltaic technology. These ambipolar semiconductors have attracted increasing attention due to their easy fabrication process and unique physicochemical properties like small band-gaps and high carrier mobility. The inherent and unique physicochemical properties of perovskites are dependent on a variety of factors, including chemical composition, homogeneity, crystallinity and grain size-dispersion. All these factors are largely determined by the synthetic procedures used and sustained efforts have gone into the development of new efficient methods for perovskite preparation.Recently, chemical transformations driven by mechanical forces have appeared as a new emerging methodology in materials science. The mechanochemical reactions in solid state offer a significant advance by avoid the use of solvent, dramatically shortening synthesis times and simultaneously increasing the purity and amount of product. The main goal of this proposal is to develop mechanochemical methods for the preparation of a variety of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites and their composites with metal oxides nanoparticles. Integral part of the proposal will be the fully physicochemical characterization and determination the stability in complex conditions of temperature and humidity for the resulted perovskite materials. Finally, these materials will be utilized and investigated as light-absorbing materials to fabricate solar cells.	none given	none given	none given
86891	101024144	iSLIP-NMR	In Situ Light Irradiated Perovskite NMR					2021-04-01	2023-03-31	2021-02-23	H2020	€ 191,149.44	€ 191,149.44	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	Widespread adoption of photovoltaics for clean, plentiful and renewable energy requires cheap, efficient and long-lasting solar cells; hybrid perovskite solar cells are promising candidates but suffer from light-induced degradation under operational conditions. Chemical understanding of the photodegradation processes is required to develop stable materials, but is challenging to obtain with existing techniques. Here we propose to study perovskite degradation under in situ light irradiation using high-resolution solid-state NMR. Solid-state NMR is an atomic-scale, element-specific probe of local structure which has recently been shown to provide important information on perovskite systems, however new methodology is required to perform in situ light irradiation. Significantly, many photodefects will be present at low concentrations and/or localised at surfaces; in order to observe these by NMR, in situ light irradiation will be combined with dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP), whereby the greater polarisation of unpaired electrons boosts the NMR signal. The project is split into three parts: (1) observation of major perovskite photodegradation products under in situ light irradiation that do not require additional sensitivity; (2) adaptation of DNP NMR to perovskites to observe surface passivating species; and (3) combined DNP-enhanced, in situ light-irradiated NMR to observe minor and/or surface photodefects. All three parts represent innovative methodological advances and will provide key chemical information on perovskite structures and degradation processes to guide future development of stable solar cells. The combination of myself and the Emsley lab is ideal to perform this project, through which I will develop the advanced technical and non-technical research skills required for the project to be succesful. The fellowship will expand my international network and result in wide-reaching research output, which will establish me as an independent researcher.	none given	none given	none given
86946	745614	PV-TE-MCHP	A Novel Hybrid Photovoltaic–Thermoelectric Power Generation System Employing the Flat-plate Micro-channel Heat Pipe					2017-10-01	2019-09-30	2017-03-23	H2020	€ 195,454.80	€ 195,454.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2016	Integrating a thermoelectric (TE) module into a PV module can convert the accumulated heat of the PV into electricity, thus increasing electricity yield of the unit. A traditional spectrum integration PV-TE unit, by coupling the equal sized TE and PV modules, can harvest 30% more electricity than the PV unit alone. However, the pair-arrangement between the PV and TE modules appears to be economically unfeasible, owing to the significantly higher cost and lower power output of the TE module. By introducing a low cost and high efficiency micro-channel heat pipe (MCHP) and placing the PV onto the evaporator of the MCHP and TE underneath its condenser, the system’s cost will be significantly reduced while its power output remains almost same as to the pair-arranged PV-TE system. The proposed MSCA programme aims to characterise and optimise the novel PV-TE-MCHP, by integrating the excellence of the host applicant in PV and MCHP and the expertise of the researcher applicant in TE, solar energy and heat transfer technology, and by sharing the knowledge of both the host and researcher applicants in PV/T and computer simulation. The tasks involved include (a) conceptual design; (b) computer modelling/optimisation; (c) prototype construction & testing; and (d) economic and environmental performance analyses. As a result, the programme will deliver a novel PV-TE-MCHP prototype that, compared to the existing PV-TE systems, has a significantly lower cost while the electrical output remains the same. From the MSCA point of view, the project will attract an experienced researcher with particular knowledge in PV/T, TE and computer simulation into Europe. This will (a) achieve transfer of knowledge from outside into Europe, thus helping growing EU’s knowledge-based economy and society; (b) develop a long term contact network among the researcher, host organisation, partner organisation and other associated institutions; and (c) enable advanced training to the researcher.	none given	none given	none given
86951	661515	SARTEA	SOLAR ADSORPTION REFRIGERATOR WITH THIN-LAYER/ENHAMCED ADSORBENT					2016-04-01	2018-03-31	2015-04-30	H2020	€ 195,454.80	€ 195,454.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2014-EF	Increased energy costs, the uncertainty of fossil fuel availability, and climate change concerns, have necessitated the quest for renewable energy resources. Solar adsorption systems are quiet, simple to operate, and can last for a long time. However, they have low cooling power density, and subsequently have to be bulky compared to similar solar thermal systems offering the same performance. This can increase their initial costs, especially for small and medium sized systems, thus reducing their uptake. Currently researchers have successfully tackled this issue by, for instance, using more than one adsorbent bed to adopt a continuous cycle, and using forced cooling for the adsorber bed and condenser. These have not resolved the bulk/cost issues, however. This innovative Fellowship will apply a thin layer nano-particles embedded adsorbent, nano-fluid based refrigerants and selectively absorbing solar plate collectors to the system. We will develop a robust simulation model to help with the design process. The system will be partly built using a novel diffusion bonding process that enables dissimilar materials to be joined seamlessly. We will test the adsorption properties of the novel adsorbent materials and apply them to the refrigerator. We aim to deliver a solar adsorption refrigerator that employs nano-technology and novel manufacturing methods, meets the performance improvements currently achievable but not with the bulk and complexity. We expect scholars and industry to also apply the technology demonstrated to several other uses, and for them to be more accessible to the general public. The Fellow has all the necessary skills and experience required (including chemical adsorption, thermodynamics, heat & mass transfer) while the host lab has all the infrastructure and experience of hosting researchers. The project is also timely as it fits into the EU Energy policy (ESTPP Vision 2030).	none given	none given	none given
87054	659667	LANDS	Large Area Nanoparticle Deposition System					2015-08-12	2017-08-11	2015-03-25	H2020	€ 183,454.80	€ 183,454.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2014-EF	I intend to travel to the University of Oxford and the lab of Dr. Moritz Riede and build a second generation version of theLarge Area Nanoparticle Deposition System (LANDS) that I have designed and built during my PhD studies at StanfordUniversity in the USA. This will be a flexible, particle-agnostic system that will be capable of depositing uniform films ofnano- and micro-particles from solution. It is designed to emphasize scalability, high throughput and large area filmuniformity and will be compatible with low-temperature flexible plastic and foil substrates and the devices built on them.Once complete, I will initially use the LANDS to deposit nanostructured thin films of metal nanowires to form transparentconductive electrodes for photovoltaic applications. I will continue to develop and explore the use of such metal nanowirefilms as replacements for industry standard transparent conductive oxides such as indium tin oxide (ITO) and fluorine dopedtin oxide (FTO) especially in flexible devices.	none given	none given	none given
87081	838367	DIMCO	Development and Investigation of Manganese-doped NiFe nanosheet Catalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction					2019-04-01	2021-03-31	2019-03-21	H2020	€ 203,149.44	€ 203,149.44	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	Water splitting is considered as one of the most attractive methods to store renewable energies, especially solar energy. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a main bottleneck of the water splitting. Although hydroxides incorporating both Ni and Fe have been intensively studied due to their promising activity for OER, the reaction mechanism and active catalysts are still under vigorous debate. We propose to introduce manganese (Mn) into monolayer of NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH). We expect that Mn-induced synergistic electronic effect with Ni and Fe will lead to enhancement of OER activity. Moreover, we will probe the active sites of these catalysts using operando spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The project will provide guidance for the design of a novel class of multi-component OER catalysts, as well as revolutionary analytical tools for operando characterization of electrocatalysts. The project includes a comprehensive training program to enhance the career perspectives of the fellow.	none given	none given	none given
87093	101031568	TODAM	Transformation of Organic Dyes into Advanced Materials by Chemical Vapour Deposition					2021-04-15	2023-04-14	2021-03-08	H2020	€ 178,320.00	€ 178,320.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	Conjugated polymers are drawing a constantly growing interest for modern energy technologies, particularly for the clean production of hydrogen fuel by visible-light photo-electrocatalytic water splitting. Although conjugated polymer catalysts are reported as stable, low cost and versatile materials, current synthetic approaches (solution-based) have prevented the study of the most interesting motifs and hindered the up-scaling of most conjugated polymers for practical applications. The central idea of the TODAM project builds on the recent achievements of the host group in the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) reaction of chromophore-based conjugated polymers, which will constitute a new field of research for the applicant. Notably, the TODAM project will combine the expertise of the applicant and the supervisor to expand far beyond the state-of-the-art of conjugated polymers while investigating the gas phase polymerisation of industrial dyes, i.e. DiketoPyrroloPyrrole (DPP) derivatives. In spite of their remarkable properties, including an exceptional light resistance and unique physicochemical properties, conjugated DPP assemblies remain a largely unexplored topic due to the lack of synthetic approaches. The broad knowledge of the applicant in organic chemistry, and more particularly his cutting-edge expertise in the field of functional dyes, will be used for the design and study of new homo- and copolymers. Finally, the scalability of the proposed CVD approach, readily forming thin films, will allow the integration of the new conjugated polymers as heterogeneous catalysts for photo-electrochemical water splitting. The formation, separation and transport of charges will be elucidated for the design and large-scale application of robust and efficient metal-free heterogeneous catalysts for the generation of clean solar-based fuels.	none given	none given	none given
87199	746964	FERROVOLT	For a better understanding and design of ferroelectric photovoltaics: First-principles study of optical absorption and charge-carrier transport at ferroelectric domain walls in BiFeO3					2017-06-15	2019-06-14	2017-04-12	H2020	€ 175,866.00	€ 175,866.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2016	The goal of this project is to help find the rules for a domain-wall engineering that optimizes photovoltaic efficiency of potential future-generation ferroelectric solar cells. The material to be studied is BiFeO3 as the most promising photovoltaic ferroelectric material known. Does the photovoltaic effect in BiFeO3 occur at the domain walls or in the bulk? What does it take a domain-wall to conduct electrons? The project aimsat establishing the necessary conditions for electric fields and electrical conductivity at ferroelectric domain walls. Since experimental evidence is inconclusive, state-of-the-art ab initio methods will be applied. Electric fields have a long spatial range, so we will go beyond the standard supercell approach to obtain the spatial gradient of the band structure at the domain wall, needed to obtain charge-carrier distributions and electric fields. The Green’s-function method for electronic quantum transport will be used for this purpose because it is suitable for extended, non-periodic systems. We will obtain the electrical conductivity as a function of the domain-wall type, structure, and purity. Conclusions for the role of the domain walls in BiFeO3 will be generalized as far as possible in order to apply them to other ferroelectric semiconductors as well.The applicant will receive training in state-of-the-art electronic-transport calculations by the host. In turn, the applicant will strengthen the host’s activities in the field of modelling optical properties of semiconductors.The project is positioned where fundamental condensed-matter physics meets applied solar-cell research. It is expected to advance the frontier of knowledge in basic research and to lay the ground for further research on ferroelectric photovoltaics. It is a contribution to the efforts of the European Union to develop innovative solutions for a sustainable energy supply that help achieve independence of fossil energy.	none given	none given	none given
87238	842988	SED	Porous carbon materials for Solar photoElectrolytic Disinfection					2019-09-01	2021-08-31	2019-04-11	H2020	€ 147,815.04	€ 147,815.04	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	Water is one crucial natural resource since life on our planet depends on it. The transmission of serious diseases through pathogenic microorganisms in water is extremely common in the developing world and the antimicrobial resistance has increased globally. The understanding of new processes that guarantee effectively the elimination of resistant microorganisms and access to safe drinking water, is therefore of utmost importance, thus a priority in H2020 programme. The scientific aim of Porous carbon materials for Solar photoElectrolytic Disinfection (SED) project is the development of a new sustainable methodology for water treatment. It will be the first time that Ordered Mesoporous Carbons and graphene foam are used in a solar photoelectrolytic disinfection system. The societal aims are to contribute to the reduction of the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. SED project proposes an advanced oxidation process combined with specific carbon materials, which can operate under ambient temperature and pressure, developing a new low-cost technology to water treatment. Oxygen and water will be used as oxidant without the addition of consumable chemicals and without generation of potential mutagenic disinfection byproducts. If one uses solar energy to drive the photoelectrolytic process, then it becomes a truly clean technology. The Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM (Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, FEUP) has excellent resources and facilities to carry on this research, because it is one of the most advanced academic laboratories for carbon materials production and characterisation in the EU. The participation of the Adventech company as the partner organisation for the secondment is an excellent opportunity to develop a new research method in which the transference of knowledge is one of the principal aims. These are excellent conditions for the development of SED project by Dr Velo.	none given	none given	none given
87313	793424	TRIBOSC	Towards Radically Innovative Materials for Better and Sustainable Organic Solar Cells					2018-10-01	2020-12-16	2018-02-21	H2020	€ 183,454.80	€ 183,454.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2017	Organic compounds could provide a sustainable revolution in the generation of electricity from sunlight. Organic photonic material nanostructures, capable of efficient light harvesting when employed as active layer in solution processable organic solar cells and photovoltaic devices are essential. The present proposal demonstrate an innovative strategy for the direct application of conceptually new, chiral donor-acceptor (D-A) materials in organic solar cells (OSCs). Taking a leaf from nature’s book, we envision that introduction of chiral functionalities in the active layer could administer anisotropic charge transport with excellent charge carrier mobilities, precise molecular ordering with nanoscopic D-A domains and re-enforced intra/inter molecular communication. The proposal brings together an experienced researcher with expertise in the area of design and synthesis of D-A supramolecular conjugates and ultrafast time resolved spectroscopy with an internationally recognized host laboratory in the University of Nottingham, UK with an expertise in the synthesis of chiral superstructures for organic materials and developing photovoltaic device fabrication. It is our strong conviction that the novel approach depicted here, will instigate new breakthroughs for the construction of novel photofunctional materials with enhanced solar cell efficiencies. As the proposal integrates skill sets from extended network of collaborators such as chemists, engineers and physicist with diverse backgrounds, and we believe that it will eventually enhance and contribute towards European excellence in sustainable solar light harvesting.	none given	none given	none given
87323	706744	COLIBRI	Carrier-selective contacts for silicon photovoltaics based on broadband-transparent oxides					2016-06-01	2018-05-31	2016-03-15	H2020	€ 175,419.60	€ 175,419.60	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2015-EF	This project aims at a cost-effective efficiency enhancement of Si solar cells towards their theoretical maximum of about 29% by moving away from the diffused-junction paradigm. This will reduce the energy fabrication costs on the €/kWh level and thereby increase the competiveness and profitability of photovoltaic systems. Crystalline Si (c-Si) solar cells are since decades the most established photovoltaic technology. Their main advantages are long lifetime (>25 years), non-toxicity and the high abundance of Si. However, for full competitiveness with traditional sources of electricity, important new steps need to be taken to increase their performance. An innovative contacting scheme will be developed that eliminates the main loss mechanisms in c-Si solar cells arising from doped pn-junctions and the direct contact of metal with Si. The novel contacts will be broadband optically transparent, generate a highly passivating and carrier-selective interface to Si and will enable solar cells without doped pn-junctions. No cost-intensive patterning technique is required for the device fabrication and parasitic optical absorption, as present in Si heterojunction solar cells, will be minimized. The novel contacts consist of three layers: a 1-2 nm thick tunnelling SiO2 layer for chemical passivation of the Si surface, a wide-bandgap conductive metal oxide layer providing a specific energy band alignment, and a highly conductive transparent oxide (TCO) for carrier transport to external metal contacts and optimum light coupling into the solar cell device. The contacts will be used for the fabrication of Si solar cells which are devoid of doped pn-junctions and achieve both high open-circuit voltages and photo currents. The structure of the photovoltaic device will be optimized for the application in regular 1-sun modules and for both III-V/Si and perovskite/Si tandem cell applications with potential for flat-plate efficiencies well above 30%.	none given	none given	none given
87343	751375	TinPSC	Towards Stable and Highly Efficient Tin-based Perovskite Solar Cells					2018-08-01	2020-07-31	2017-03-17	H2020	€ 185,857.20	€ 185,857.20	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2016	Developing new energy sources is an urgent issue, as fossil fuels will be exhausted in near future. Solar cells system is a promising renewable energy technology that converts sunlight to electricity. Today, crystalline silicon exhibits high power conversion efficiencies (PCE) and dominates the solar panel industry. The problem of silicon solar cells is that it suffers from high production cost due to tedious processing condition. Recently, organic-lead-halide perovskites have offered the promise of a breakthrough for next-generation solar cell devices, and the PCE is up to 22.6% over the past few years. In spite of high efficiency, the presence of toxic lead (Pb) will become problematic in the future for widespread deployment of this technology. It is prospective to replace Pb with less toxic tin (Sn). However, the poor stability (the easily oxidization of Sn2+ to Sn4+ by O2) and low efficiency are two major issues of Sn-based perovskites. This proposal targets air-stable, high efficient Sn-based perovskite solar cells by developing new Sn-based perovskites and electron transporting layer to match the band energy of perovskites. The expected fruits of the project will contribute to European excellence and competiveness in renewable energy field. The successful transfer of the results will promote economic growth and job supplies. In addition to the scientific objectives, the proposal will help the fellow to new acquire knowledge and reinforce his quality as an independent researcher, such as creativity, independent thinking, leadership and transfer qualities, which are critical for the fellow to secure a long-term position in a European university/institution, and eventually become a world renowned expert in the energy research field.	none given	none given	none given
87361	101024880	STIMULATOR	Sunlight Active Mesoporous Black TiO2 Micro/Nanomotors					2021-10-01	2023-11-04	2021-04-21	H2020	€ 156,980.64	€ 156,980.64	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	Photocatalytic Micro and nanomotors (MNMs) are artificial machines that convert light energy to propulsion and these light-powered machines have garnered considerable attention due to their potential applications in environmental detection/remediation, biomedicine, and microengineering. Since these machines are light controlled, their direction and velocity of motion can be regulated by modulating the intensity and orientation of the light source and the selection of light source is determined according to the absorption spectrum of the MNMs. For real-life applications, it is necessary to harvest solar energy directly for the autonomous propulsion of such motors that will pave the way for a unique motor system with enhanced motor skills. TiO2 is one of the most efficient and most investigated photocatalysts and researches are going on to directly harvest solar energy without using any external light source. It is necessary to synthesise a material that can harvest the whole solar spectrum containing 5% UV (absorb 200-400nm), 43% Visible (absorb 400-700 nm), and 52% IR (700-2500 nm) energy. In such a way, to exploit TiO2, its black version, the ‘black TiO2’ with mesoporosity will be implemented here in the form of its janus structural combinations with metals to form MMBT MNMs and bimetallics to form BMBT MNMs in a fuel free environment. These MNMs will be implemented in photocatalysis of a one component and two component systems, viz. using a single anionic or cationic dye as the target (single component) or a mixture of one anionic and one cationic dye as target (two component). So, the new class of MNMs will pave the way for selective and non-selective photocatalysis. Overall, STIMULATOR will develop, a new class of materials called ‘direct-sunlight active MNMs’.	none given	none given	none given
87620	720182	Sensolweighs	Solar energy and pressure sensor based solution for truck weighing					2016-02-01	2016-05-31	2016-02-15	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.4.	IT-1-2015-1	Improving road safety is a prime objective of the European Union’s transport policy. Overloading of lorries is one of the most common infringements found in road freight transport: one in three lorries controlled is overloaded by 10%-20% over safe legal weight limits making roads much less safe. European Directive 2015/719 establishes maximum gross vehicle weights and urges for regular weight checks for commercial vehicles in the 28 EU countries. Truck scales are therefore essential for hauliers or public authorities. In addition, accurate truck scales are key for businesses delivering their products on the road as they are used to determine the weight of bulk goods being bought and sold in truckload-sized quantities being a crucial part of the business transaction functioning much as a cash register. Currently, the construction work, infrastructure and time needed to install a truck scale in a company’s facility results in a highly expensive burden. In addition, connection to the electric grid is indispensable and the heavy materials used make the relocation of the scale a concern. This results in very expensive solutions hindering competitiveness. The previous scenario has encouraged Cogo Bilance s.r.l., an innovative company fruit of the merger of major brands in the Italian weighing industry, to develop Sensolweighs. Sensolweighs is a truck scale powered by solar energy (with wireless connection) giving the possibility to work off-grid in remote locations, based on an innovative hydraulic system to measure weight. Its light resistant materials make its relocation and installation an easy task, reducing costs by more than 32% with just 2% of the time currently needed to set up a truck scale. With 44% of goods transported by road in the EU and an annual growth of more than 3% expected in the global truck market from 2014 to 2024, Cogo estimates revenue of €466M with 15500 units sold after 5 years of commercialization and the payback period reached in one year.	none given	none given	none given
87705	674502	HySolarKit	Converting conventional cars into hybrid and solar vehicles					2015-05-01	2015-10-31	2015-04-27	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.4.	IT-1-2014-1	In the last decade, increasing effort has been put worldwide in reducing the impact on fuel consumption and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from passengers cars. HySolarKit introduces for the first time the possibility to modify a conventional car into a plug-in solar-powered hybrid electric vehicle, allowing reduction of fuel consumption and GHG emissions by ~20%, with limited investment cost (~2.500€), acceptable payback (2-3 years) and without invalidating performance and safety.The innovation integrates for the first time state of the art technologies (in-wheel motors, Li-ion battery, flexible PV panel) with an advanced control system, self-adaptive to different vehicle and in-wheel typologies and features. HySolarKit unique selling points are: i) successful coupling with solar energy ii) applicability to existing fleets, with limited investment with respect to a fleet electrification, iii) flexibility of energy sources.eProInn will foster the industrial development of the research aimed at a successful commercialization strategy. A preliminary market assessment has already shown huge market potential (~130Ml€ in Italy only), as well as willingness to pay by main customer categories. Proposer SME has already defined a thorough commercialization strategy, addressing the B2C and B2B main markets, in line with own company strategy. This includes an initial self-financing for R&D development and market validation as well as the technical and capital support of already involved partners (Landi Renzo and Actua), financers (Beijing Rongtong S&T Ind. Group) and subcontractors (Ciaotech), and others identified in Phase 1.A tentative business plan has already been drafted over a 2+3-year period, showing that with the help of the SME-instrument a positive ROI can be realized already at year 4 (+35%).Phase 1 project will assess the technical, regulatory and economic feasibility of HySolarKit project and define a convenient commercialization strategy for the product.	none given	none given	none given
88193	806162	INSYLO	Disruptive IoT solution for optimising the animal feed supply chain					2018-05-01	2020-12-31	2018-04-03	H2020	€ 1,435,876.25	€ 1,005,113.38	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.2.	SMEInst-07-2016-2017	Animal feed is produced by feed suppliers in feed mills, and distributed in bulk to different animal farms, where it is stored in silos. Feed has to be produced ad-hoc for each farmer, and delivered in 24-48h.Each feed supplier is the provider for several silos from several farms (the top 50 EU feed suppliers manage on average 7,500 silos each). They receive daily hundreds of refilling orders whose logistics have to be optimized in a short time. However, the lack of reliable and cost-effective solutions to remotely monitor the silo’s feed stock hinders the optimization: most farmers assess it manually, provoking (i) inaccurate measures (trucks over or under loaded) and (ii) uncertainty on the demand (feed suppliers cannot organize production cycles or the raw materials purchase based on a cost-effectiveness criteria). As a result, there is yearly losses of 500€ per silo (equivalent to 400M€ in the EU28).INSYLO turns the situation around and provides the sector with an accurate and cost-effective solution to monitor remotely the silos’ feed stock levels, forecast the feed demand and allow feed suppliers to optimize inventories, production batches, delivery routes and raw materials purchases.INSYLO is a smart service that combines hardware and software. Through our unique smart volumetric sensor, we obtain an accurate measure of the silos’ feedstock levels at a very low cost (6.5 cheaper than competitors). Our IoT device can be installed in only 5 minutes and it is fully independent of the farm’s resources (off-grid, solar energy, own Internet connectivity). Furthermore, it is connected to our smart platform on the cloud, which leverages the power of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence to collect data from hundreds of thousands of silos and decide the right moment and quantity to restock each silo, optimising the whole feed supply chain. We will sell in the first five years more than 100,000 devices, capturing a market share of 2.13% of the 5M silos worldwide.	none given	none given	none given
88235	809385	3Bee Hive-Tech	3Bee Hive-Tech					2018-02-01	2018-07-31	2018-01-31	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.2.	SMEInst-07-2016-2017	3bee Hive-Tech is an innovative IoT system designed for monitoring beehives, which ensures the real time analysis of themain parameters of bees’ life (from air quality to sound spectrum), helping researchers and beekeepers to identify the maincauses of bee disappearance and anomalous beehive behaviours.3Bee system allows to predict and to prevent the bee death due to environmental and biological factors (pathogens,chemicals pesticides etc…), swarming and bee infertility and supports the bee products traceability. Furthermore, it iscompletely self-sustainable, powered by solar energy and bee vibrations.	none given	none given	none given
88309	685018	SEFI	Solar Energy for Food Industry					2015-07-01	2015-12-31	2015-06-18	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.2.	SFS-08-2015-1	Solar Energy for Food IndustryProposal for the elaboration of a feasibility study, including a CPVT market study, for the application of concentrated PV-T solar energy and Large Thermal Storage (LTS) as support to the development of sustainable Food Security, through the construction of 2 CPVT demonstration plants in food-processing facilities in southern and northern Europe. Demonstration plants are planned to be built in northern Europe, in the Netherlands, and in southern Europe in Spain. Phase one will submit technical and financial solutions which shall pave the way for phase 2 submission of a final construction project for both demonstration plants.The innovative concept proposed is a Solar Concentration Hybrid Photovoltaio Thermal Cogeneration system using state of the art triple solar cells and a solar tracking device to capture the maximum possible solar energy with a parabolic trough linear concentration.The novelty presented in the project focusses on the food processing industry which is the largest manufacturing sector in the EU with 1,048 bilion € turnover and 4.2 milion employees busy throughout the European Union. Food processing is a major energy consuming manufacturing sector, which accounts for about 20% of the total EU fossil fuel consuption and the project has the ambition to contribute to the reduction of this resource consumption. The project will work with 4 participants spread over 3 EU countries.All technologies were patended last year. The project will move the novelty from TRL8 to TRL9.	none given	none given	none given
88350	673757	JFB	Jellyfish Barge – A floating greenhouse					2015-06-01	2015-11-30	2015-05-20	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.2.	SFS-08-2014-1	Today’s current food system is unsustainable economically, environmentally and socially. Given finite arable land, fuel andwater supplies, innovative self-sufficient farming modules are a solution to contribute to mitigate this global challenge.Pnat s.r.l., a dynamic SME, spin-off of the University of Florence, established to emphasize a culture of innovation and technological excellence, is developing Jellyfish Barge, a floating agricultural greenhouse, able to purify salt, brackish or polluted water using solar energy. Jellyfish Barge is built with low-cost technologies and simple materials, also appropriate to the self-construction paradigm. A feasibility study and a business plan will be crucial for the assessment of the strength of our business, giving us the key features to address the future development of our activities and market entry. According to our proposal, in 6 months, we will dedicate great attention to the analysis of the market, the business strategy, the economic viability and special effort will be invested in exploiting eco-sustainable solutions for the reduction of the productive costs. Furthermore, a geographic viability assessment, and the development of a parametric table that integrates all information achieved, will be useful tools to model our business potentiality and viability.	none given	none given	none given
88366	808146	Stoock	An Innovative Integrated Field Sensor system providing a precise farming tool to reduce production costs and water wastage.					2018-01-01	2018-04-30	2018-03-05	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.2.	SMEInst-07-2016-2017	Data recording, keeping and analysis are tasks of a relatively high effort when done manually, which is inefficient and results in farmer’s double effort and high production costs. Moreover, Up to 40% of global crop yields are lost to pests and diseases every year, endangering the productivity of crops grown for human consumption and causing serious impact on the economic output of a farm.To solve this problem, we have developed Stoock, a self-sufficient solar powered multi-sensor device in a stick-like shape that will allow farmers to collect and record several physical parameters such as air temperature, soil moisture, air humidity, wind speed, solar radiation and rainfall. By deploying Stoock in different countries around Europe and the world, a completely innovative system of Edaphoclimatic Business Intelligence based on Big Data will be created. This will provide detailed advice on actions to improve the use of chemicals by predicting pests risk factors related to specific weather conditions.So far we have raised more than €650K from more than 350 private investors of 25 different nationalities in three Seedrs campaigns and allowed us invested to develop and test the Stoock to ensure its robustness and efficiency and move into the commercialisation stage. To further develop it, overcome market barriers and deploy it at a European and global level we need a further investment of €1.5M that could be partially covered by the Phase 2 grant.The proposed work in Phase 1 of the SME instrument fits into our overall plan to reach the market by contributing the financial resources needed to plan a fast sound wider deployment of the Stoock and its market uptake by integrating it with our first product already in the market: Agroop Operational.	none given	none given	none given
88458	756006	SUN4GREEN	MAXIMISING SUNLIGHT RESOURCES FOR COST, ENERGY AND YIELD EFFICIENT GREENHOUSES					2017-04-01	2019-09-30	2017-03-28	H2020	€ 1,830,796.25	€ 1,281,557.38	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.2.	SMEInst-07-2016-2017	Greenhouse agriculture has allowed converting unproductive lands into modern agriculture exploitations, providing an active control tool for moderating the exposure to climate fluctuations and environmental risks, leading to a dramatic increase of crop yields and elongation of the growing seasons. Globally, GHs are concentrated in Asia and the Mediterranean Basin. Excluding China, the world GH coverage can be estimated in more than 450,000 hectares from which not less than 200,000 hectares are located in Europe, mainly in the Mediterranean Basin. However, European GHs are facing a challenge, due to a 40% reduction of food production subsidies in the last 40 years while non-European competitors with lower operational costs are increasing. RUFEPA and SUNBOOST are developing SUN4GREEN with the aim of delivering to GH farmers a dual revenue solution with integrated photovoltaics and crop harvesting to reduce energy costs while targeting high crop yields. This will turn GHs to a stable livelihood by generating a new and reliable electricity income stream in addition to their principal agriculture business. SUN4GREEN will also maximize land use and its productivity by integrating PV systems with GHs in the same land footprint. Greenhouse market is growing at a stable 10% CAGR. Within this market, Smart GH segment is the one presenting major growth, being positioned as a reliable option to increase crop production through LED lighting, HVAC and automatized irrigation systems among other high-tech equipment. In fact, Smart GH market is expected to reach more than €1,060 million with CAGR of 14.18% from 2015 to 2020, having Europe the largest market share among all regions. Furthermore significant number of PV installations have demonstrated its potential to drive economic growth in rural areas. SUN4GREEN will support also the market growth of solar PV (€74 billion in 2013 to €311 billion by 2020) in the agricultural sector without compromising productive space for crops	none given	none given	none given
88463	763096	GASMETRIC	New multi-parameter automaton for measurement of indoor environmental conditions in livestock exploitations					2017-02-01	2017-07-31	2017-01-23	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.2.	SMEInst-07-2016-2017	The main objective of the GASMETRIC project is to develop and worldwide market the first multifunctional automaton for measurement of indoor environmental variables in farms, specifically designed for poultry, that only will need to be calibrated once a year (with reduced cost) and possibility of recording and storage of all environmental parameters data inside farms and alert launch to portable devices.The new product is going to have unique characteristics in a single device. It is a revolutionary novelty for the industry sector in which it is presented under the concept of new market applications of existing technologies: Very compact multi-sensor integration, with easy and direct reception of data on mobile devices via wireless system; internal displacement and therefore registration regardless gas stratification by density differences; energy supply from solar PV.The Best Available Techniques Reference Document (BREF, main EU instrument regulating the application of IED and IPPC directives) for Intensive Rearing of Poultry and Pigs (IRPP) is expected to come into force by 2017, which will require the correct measurement of emissions and their minimization. Therefore, a solution like GASMETRIC will be essential, which ensures a very important potential market.It must be noted that he project status is suggested to be in TRL 7 stage (system prototype demonstration in operational environment).The SME Gasmetric Autómatas de Medición S.L. will be the first worldwide company to commercialize a profitable multi-parameter mobile system for automatic measure of indoor environmental conditions in livestock exploitations, with the possibility of being specifically designed and tailored for each type of farm.The ambition of SME is to become an European market leader in development and commercialization of a breakthrough product for measurement of indoor environmental variables in farms.	none given	none given	none given
88471	652490	FLOTA	Floating Offshore Photovoltaic systems					2014-11-01	2015-04-30	2014-10-27	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.2.	BG-12-2014-1	The innovation project consists in a system of floating photovoltaic panels for the decentralized generation and stocking of energy at off shore fish farms (and more generally sea activities with necessity of electricity). The project FLOTA (Floating Offshore Photovoltaic systems) addresses the industrial problem of the autonomous supply of sustainable and green energy for the quickly increasing industrial branch of fish farms.Goals of this feasibility study is to finalize the business plan for the development of a new company of a spin-off fully dedicated to sea advanced systems, the finalization of specific design activities on the system and the creation of a small scale demonstrator that will be the key element of the dissemination for this system.	none given	none given	none given
88559	703860	SOLARACT	Solar Dinitrogen Activation					2016-04-01	2018-03-31	2016-02-18	H2020	€ 166,156.80	€ 166,156.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2015-EF	SolarAct aims at a fundamental theoretical understanding of transition metal catalysts that mediate the photochemical bond cleavage of the dinitrogen molecule. The efficient activation of dinitrogen (N2) as an abundant and thus very cheap resource is a promising target for the development of sustainable chemistry, e.g. to produce NH3 as a “solar fuel” or synthesize value-added products relevant for chemical industry. A new approach in N2 activation is the photolytic N-N bond cleavage in linear M-N-N-M complexes, for which five synthetic examples are known. However, the dynamical processes inducing N-N cleavage in these complexes after light excitation are not understood at a molecular level. SolarAct is the first research project to unravel the working principles of the existing N2 photoactivation catalysts using a combination of ab initio excited state dynamics simulations and multiconfigurational quantum chemistry methods. The project will push the boundaries of excited state dynamics simulations and provide a proof of principle for their application to dimeric transition metal complexes with demanding electronic structures. The key requirements for N2 photocleavage will be rationalized by systematic in silico variations of the known systems, culminating in improved N2 photoactivation catalysts according to a design target formulated for SolarAct. The researcher will transfer expertise in computational transition metal chemistry and theoretical spectroscopy to the host group and will gain expertise in novel methods for static and dynamic chemistry problems. A cross-sectorial and interdisciplinary workshop will increase the researcher’s and host’s networks. The researcher will emerge from SolarAct fully qualified for an independent career, including a unique, highly competitive research profile, enhanced presentation proficiency, optimal teaching and management skills, a wide scientific network and a breadth of dissemination and public engagement experiences.	none given	none given	none given
88592	101022318	TRES-CHIC-ESt	Time-Resolved Electron Spectroscopy of a Challenging Highly Innovative Collective Excitation Study					2021-04-01	2023-03-31	2021-03-16	H2020	€ 174,167.04	€ 174,167.04	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	Plasmons are collective modes of the solid-state electrons representing a characteristic elementary excitation in solids. In theory plasmons are simplified as quasi particles with a well-defined energy and momentum from the instant of their creation to their decay. The dynamics of plasmons and the concomitant liberation of solid-state electrons is not yet fully understood. It is the aim of the present project to unveil the dynamics of this complex many-body process with unprecedented temporal resolution. The fundamentals of plasmonics are at the core of this project, as well as technologies involving secondary and hot electrons. Albeit challenging, the above scientific vision of the applicant is not only innovative, but it is timely and relevant to various scientific and technological fields ranging from space technology, to photovoltaics and semiconductor industry, as well as life sciences and biology. With the advent of modern time-resolved experiments, the objective of the experienced researcher (ER) outlined above has realistically come within reach. The TRES-CHIC-ESt project will be carried out at a host institution which is a pioneer in the field of attophysics under a supervision offering optimal conditions for young researchers to widen their scientific horizon and to boost their careers, thus offering to the applicant the ideal environment to pursue her innermost desire: to become a world-class successful researcher. In exchange, the solid-state Physics background of the ER will enrich the perspectives of the hosting group, who among others will benefit from her prior experiences and collaborations. During her PhD-studies, as a MSCA ITN fellow, the ER has already studied the causal relationship between plasmons and secondary electrons using spectroscopy with correlated electron pairs. Finally, by following the example of successful female researchers with whom the ER collaborates, she is determined to improve the gender balance in her scientific environment	none given	none given	none given
88593	791536	OPTOvanderWAALS	Optoelectronics with Complex van der Waals Heterostructures					2018-04-01	2020-03-31	2018-02-14	H2020	€ 166,156.80	€ 166,156.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2017	Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted the attention of the scientific community since the discovery of graphene in 2004 (an atomically thin layer of graphite), due to the new and interesting physical phenomena found in this material. Graphene was not just a scientific breakthrough from a physical point of view, but it also opened the door to research on atomically thin materials. Nowadays, many materials with a wide range of properties (metals, semiconductors, insulators, superconductors…) have been achieved in a 2D configuration, and still there are more to come.The proposed project OPTOvanderWAALS aims to the fabrication and study of complex van der Waals heterostructures to study inter-layer excitonic phenomena and use these excitonic effects to fabricate ultra-high-performance optoelectronic devices. Novel intermediate layers between 2D semiconductors will be employed to automatically switch on and off photodetectors with an extraordinarily low dark current, which will be translated in an ultra-high-performance. These intermediate layers will be also used in photovoltaic cells as recombination region, allowing the recombination of unbalanced electron-hole pairs and avoiding charge build-up in the cells, resulting in an increased open-circuit voltage and, therefore, higher efficiency than state-of-the-art 2D photovoltaic cells. Besides, all of these heterostructures will be fabricated following a new procedure to align the crystal structure of different layers by second harmonic generation imaging, resulting in an optimized interaction between layers that will ultimately lead to ultra-high-performance devices in a new generation of flexible and transparent optoelectronics.	none given	none given	none given
88608	101030985	RADICEL	Decoupling radiative and non-radiative losses in lead free perovskite solar cells					2021-10-01	2023-09-30	2021-03-08	H2020	€ 174,806.40	€ 174,806.40	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	Lead (Pb) based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) demonstrate a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE of 25.2%). Their toxicity, however, raises environmental concerns and might hinder their commercial deployment. Quest for non-toxic PSCs is still at its infancy: The PCE in Pb-free PSCs is merely around 12%, which is about one third of their radiative limit. An analysis of recent literature on the Pb-free PSCs suggests a high non-radiative recombination in them, as evidenced by their high voltage loss and a low fill factor. These non-radiative recombination losses occur due to defects in the perovskite bulk and at the perovskite/charge extraction layers (CTLs) interfaces. Significant research is being carried out to suppress bulk defects, however, systematic investigations of the photophysical and photochemical properties of perovskite/CTLs interfaces remained relatively ignored. For instance, there is no quantitative data to decouple losses in Pb-free PSCs due to bulk and interfacial defects. There is also little information on the chemical and electronic properties of the interface between Pb-free perovskites and different CTLs.This project aims to systematically investigate energetic alignment, charge transfer rates, recombination, trap density and trap depth etc. at the interfaces between Pb-free perovskites and a range of CTLs (organic, inorganic). Measuring quasi-Fermi level splitting and its correlation with open-circuit voltage will help in quantifying losses due to the different interfaces. Based on the insights gained from these investigations, the interfacial properties will be tuned via doping the CTLs or via surface passivation schemes to improve charge transfer/extraction rate. The experimental findings together with insights gained from device simulations will help us to propose an elaborated picture of the loss mechanisms in Pb-free PSCs and to design device architectures to systematically alleviate device performance.	none given	none given	none given
88657	709023	ZESMO	ZEolitic reactor hosting Subphthalocyanines and Metal Oxides as photocatalytic system for opto-electronic applications					2016-09-01	2018-08-31	2016-07-07	H2020	€ 158,121.60	€ 158,121.60	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2015-EF	Solar light promoted CO2 reduction could be the “greenest” alternative to fossil fuels as it would also decrease the atmospheric CO2 emissions. ZESMO comes from the idea of developing an efficient, robust and low-cost photocatalytic system to improve reported conversion rates for CO2 reduction by H2O. Some of the problems to overcome are the limited wavelength response (frequently limited to only 4% of the total solar light energy), photo-corrosion and low quantum efficiencies. The photocatalyst presented in this proposal is designed to tackle these issues and achieve a better performance by incorporating Suphthalocyanine (SubPc) (light harvester) and metal clusters (semiconductor) into zeolites. Zeolite’s pores act as “nano-reactors” entrapping both species and enhancing chemical stability and catalytic activity. The second part of the project deals with the evaluation of the photocatalytic activity of a series of synthesised hybrids. The system will be subjected to operation lifetime studies for its possible future commercialisation. The development and management of ZESMO would introduce me to important fields such as inorganic chemistry, photochemistry and material science. It would provide the best opportunity for me to grow as an independent researcher. I would contribute with my expertise in organic and supramolecular chemistry, especially in synthesis and characterisation of SubPc and nanoparticles.SubPc-zeolite hybrids are unknown, to date there are no examples of zeolites entrapping two different systems in the same pore. Therefore the expected scientific impact is very high. The overall purpose of the proposal is to find an efficient photocatalyst which will be tested for the implementation and real use for society. Since this achievement would give access to solar fuels, it would impact not only EU but worldwide economy. ZESMO would also be an environmental breakthrough towards mitigation of the greenhouse effect problem.	none given	none given	none given
88704	645725	FRIENDS2	Framework of Innovation for Engineering of New Durable Solar Surfaces					2015-01-01	2018-12-31	2014-11-17	H2020	€ 346,500.00	€ 346,500.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-RISE-2014	Increasing the share of renewables in the European energy mix has a key function for the security of energy supply and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. This proposal is entitled “Framework of Innovation for Engineering of New Durable Solar Surfaces”, (acronym FRIENDS2) and aims at achieving a European network for the transfer of knowledge to establish a shared culture of research and innovation which allows turning creative ideas in the field of surface engineering into innovative solutions for concentrating solar power (CSP) applications. FRIENDS2 will be led by one large European industry (Abengoa) who is a world leader in the development of CSP plants. The other FRIENDS2 participants are two well-recognized academic organizations (the University of Cranfield and the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden – Rossendorf e.V.), and one SME (Metal Estalki). The purpose of FRIENDS2 is to strengthen the inter-sectoral capabilities in research and development of coating designs in order to improve the performance of CSP key components (reflectors, receivers and containers for heat storage) for high temperature applications. The methodology of this joint research proposal contains aspects of very high novelty. It includes computer modelling, multi-technique coating deposition, use of advanced characterization techniques, and the possibility of scaling-up new coating developments. Special attention is paid to the intersectoral transfer of knowledge and to the establishment of a long-lasting international network with global impact. It is worth noting that a substantial fraction of secondments (51%) will be carried out from the industrial to the academic sector. With the proposed approach, there will be an effective transfer of knowledge among the partners which will pave the road from fundamental research to applied innovation of surface engineering solutions for further CSP development.	none given	none given	none given
88740	734873	CO2MPRISE	CO2 absorbing Materials Project- RISE					2017-03-01	2022-12-31	2016-12-16	H2020	€ 702,000.00	€ 702,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-RISE-2016	CO2MPRISE – Excellence training in solutions for CO2 capture technology aims to bring together subject matter experts from the academic and non-academic sectors to develop new technologies in CO2 capture and conversion field.The objective is to find an inexpensive, effective and robust solution for significant CO2 reduction from industries and civil transport, represents one of the main and fascinating challenges proposed to the scientific community in the next 10 years and considered as a pillar of HORIZON2020. The aim of CO2MPRISE project is to bring together subject matter experts from the academic and non-academic sectors to develop new technologies in CO2 capture and conversion field. This project aspire to reach these ambitious results through a common solid knowledge basis arising from a balanced number of secondments that guarantee a cross-sectorial synergy between recognized research centres, industry and academies. Along this line, training, workshops and seminars will be planned with the aim to impart to each partner of this consortium the fundamental skills mainly based on the technical aspects, the social challenges involved in this sector, and last but not least, market capacity. Particular attention will be also given to organize the strategy work of all activities in specific processes in order to finally introduce the results achieved into the international market. The scientific strategies will regard the study of i) Olivine-based materials to convert carbon dioxide to methane and test its potentialities under practical conditions. ii) Photoctalytic reduction of CO2 by solar radiation. iii) The not-yet explored metal-hydrides, instead of hydrogen gas, to efficiently convert CO2 to hydrocarbons in the Fisher-Tropsch reaction activated by mechanochemical input. iii) robust, inexpensive and free-metal solid sorbent membrane based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and Graphene-based sorbents, for CO2 capture from large point sources.	none given	none given	none given
88880	845122	IMPRESS	Integrated Modular Power Conversion for Renewable Energy Systems with Storage					2019-10-01	2021-09-30	2019-04-15	H2020	€ 219,312.00	€ 219,312.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	The research proposal addresses the challenges of optimum architecture, power production and operation for distributed renewable energy systems with storage. The proposal explores the efficient arrangement of decentralized power plants using photovoltaic panels and battery storage for a long-term increase of renewable generation. The critical issues such are the increased energy yield, minimization of cost of energy and availability will be addressed.A detailed techno-economic analysis will be performed to identify the cost effective superior distributed architecture suitable for integrated photovoltaic and battery systems. Multi-objective optimization study and validation will be performed that ensures actual optimization of energy production in the integrated environment. An integrated diagnostic method will be developed for real-time performance monitoring to improve the availability of the complex integrated energy system. Two secondment partners are identified to obtain necessary data and expertise in the field of research.The action will result in identifying an optimum solution in terms of control, operation and availability, especially for local renewable energy generation and storage. Novel algorithms for optimization for the operation and control of the modular energy sources with storage will be proposed. A real-time monitoring and diagnostic algorithm for performance monitoring, early failure detection and aging of integrated PV and battery solution will be developed. The research will provide newer insights on optimized power flow and control operation in complex interconnected distributed renewable energy sources considering the storage. Besides the technological significance and scientific value, the proposed research project is opportune and timely placed within the EU renewable energy directive and focuses on the core issue in line with the aims of EU energy research projects.	none given	none given	none given
88887	101017990	TOUGH	Toward Tough Amorphous Electrolytes and Stable Interfaces in Solid-State Batteries					2022-03-01	2024-03-31	2021-04-19	H2020	€ 219,312.00	€ 219,312.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	Renewable wind and solar energy production and electrification of transport require battery systems to store the electricity until it is needed. Lithium batteries have been very successful, but further improvements are needed in terms of safety, performance, efficiency, cost, and lifetime. The use of solid instead of liquid electrolytes offers a key step forward, but slow kinetics is the Archilles’ heel of solid electrolytes. This problem can be addressed by using amorphous (disordered) instead of crystalline electrolytes, but in turn these suffer from low fracture resistance, compromising long-term performance.In the proposed project, we will elucidate the mechanical behavior of amorphous solid electrolyte/electrode interfaces. The aim is to optimize the electrolyte composition and structure to simultaneously achieve high toughness, stable interfaces, and high lithium ion conductivity. To this end, we will first understand the structure-conductivity relations in disordered and partially ordered sulfide electrolytes (Task 1). Then the mechanical properties of the individual phases and interfaces will be explored in constructed all solid-state batteries (Task 2). These experiments will be complemented by atomistic simulations to understand the structural changes in the investigated systems during battery operation (Task 3).The project builds on complementary expertise of the fellow applicant (battery materials) and supervisor (mechanics, amorphous materials). Together with the research and training environment provided by the host organization (Aalborg University, Denmark), this will ensure the achievement of this timely and innovative project as well as the dissemination and exploitation of the expected results. These research outputs will lead to new amorphous materials that can be integrated in future all solid-state batteries. The fellow applicant will emerge from the project with new skills, and the capability to launch his own research group.	none given	none given	none given
88909	667942	CySTEM	Cyprus Solar Thermal Energy Chair for the Eastern Mediterranean					2015-07-01	2020-12-31	2015-06-16	H2020	€ 3,499,375.00	€ 2,500,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.4.c.	WIDESPREAD-2-2014	The CyI Solar Thermal Energy Chair for the Eastern Mediterranean (CySTEM – Chair) proposal aims in consolidating and upgrading the already substantial activity at the Cyprus Institute (CyI) in Solar Energy, principally solar-thermal and related activities. This will be accomplished by attracting and installing a cluster of outstanding researchers, led by a professor of international stature to maximally utilize and upgrade the existing facilities, and pursue a program of excellence in Cyprus with local and regional focus in the region of Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME).The principal focus will be on Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technologies for electricity production, desalination, air conditioning and heating, either in isolation or in multi-generation modes. The Chair shall be embedded in CyI’s Energy Environment and Water Research Centre (EEWRC), a Centre with intense activity in climate change (and adaptation strategies), water management, and sustainability. CyI, being a technologically orientated research and educational institution, will provide the CySTEM Chair the opportunity to contribute to other related important activities of techno-economic nature, such as the definition of a road map for Renewable Energy Sources (and Solar in particular) development in the area in light of the recent discoveries of substantial Natural Gas deposits in the Eastern Mediterranean.Following the template provided by the Commission, the proposal first presents the main objectives of the chair. This is arranged in subsections to describe what is proposed (research activities), who will carry it out (human capital), what infrastructure and tools will be employed to enable the realization of the proposed program and how the various tools and policies available to the program, including CyI’s educational programs, will be integrated and used to maximize its impact.	none given	none given	none given
89013	752102	SCHiMAT	Silicon Cluster based Hierarchical photocatalysts produced by MATrix assembly cluster source					2017-06-01	2019-05-31	2017-03-23	H2020	€ 183,454.80	€ 183,454.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2016	Photocatalysis is important for solving the worldwide energy shortage and environmental pollution issues. Recently, silicon materials are considered to be promising catalysts. In particular, size controlled Si clusters/nanoparticles/QDs show tunable emissions/absorption from near infrared to blue wavelength, making them promising candidates as photocatalysts. However, the research on the Si clusters based photocatalysts is still slow progress due to lacking of methods of fabrication of Si clusters with precision and in large quantities. In addition, unlike the widely studied Au and Ag nanostructures, which have distinct and well-defined SPR absorption peaks , small (<10nm) Si nanoparticles always exhibit low extinction from the ultraviolet to short wavelength of visible light, and thus result in lower photocatalytic efficiency. In SCHiMAT, the luminescent, photoelectric and photocatalytic properties of Si clusters with precisely controllable size and high production, which produced by “Matrix Assembly Cluster Source” (MACS), will be systemically studied. Based on that, this project will entail the design of a novel kind of hierarchical structure, which involves the choice of spherical semiconductor nanoparticles (SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, TiO2 CeO2 and ZnO NPs) and distribution modulation of the Si QDs on the semiconductor support, to largely enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of Si QDs, which is distinct from a conventional photocatalytic efficiency enhancement strategy aimed at exciting surface plasmon by means of incorporating metal nanostructures. This project would open a promising new route to using Si cluster/QDs as visible-light absorber for solar energy conversion. The project combines ER and host supervisor’s expertise in nanocluster, photonics, catalysis research, and will equip the ER to carry out cutting edge research in cluster-based nanomaterials and photocatalysis.	none given	none given	none given
89057	831756	THERMES	A new generation high temperature phase change microemulsion for latent thermal energy storage in dual loop solar field					2019-09-17	2021-09-16	2019-04-10	H2020	€ 224,933.76	€ 224,933.76	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	New energy storage solutions and innovations play a vital role in fully realising solar energy potentials particularly in large-scale integration into future low-carbon energy systems. For concentrated solar power, one of key challenges lies in low-cost high-performance thermal energy storage. Latent thermal energy storage holds the key to resolving such a challenge and keeping energy supply over periods of inadequate irradiation. THERMES will develop a new generation high-temperature phase change microemulsion both as the latent heat storage material and heat transfer fluid for low temperature solar field of a dual-loop solar field system. The high-temperature phase change microemulsion is characterized by high energy density, enhanced heat transfer performance through the addition of nanoparticles, and cost-effectiveness due to the use of commercial grade paraffin as the latent heat storage medium. By integrating the expertise of the host and Dr. Wenzheng Cui, THERMES will combine cutting-edge experimental, computational and theoretical analysis methods to develop the next generation working medium for latent thermal energy storage in order to meet the key challenge faced by concentrated solar power and fill the research gap of lacking of knowledge on high-temperature properties of phase change microemulsion. This Fellowship will offer Dr. Cui an opportunity through mobility, diverse trainings for acquiring interdisciplinary expertise and transferable skills, and to two-way transfer of knowledge between him and the host. It will position him as an internationally-leading interdisciplinary academic in the research area of latent thermal energy storage for concentrated solar power. THERMES will aggrandize commercialisation of utility-scale concentrated solar power, provide adaptability and support solar energy integration in the energy system. Therefore it is in line with EU’s Energy Strategy and Energy Union for secure, competitive, and sustainable energy.	none given	none given	none given
89128	952509	5GSOLAR	ERA CHAIR OF EMERGING NEXT-GENERATION PHOTOVOLTAICS					2020-09-01	2026-08-31	2020-06-10	H2020	€ 2,500,000.00	€ 2,500,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.4.c.	WIDESPREAD-06-2020	The future PV market will rely on a variety of innovative PV solutions and products in order to meet the market growth potential and address the grand environmental challenges faced by EU to achieve and sustain a green electricity market. Development of non-toxic, earth abundant, long-term stable PV materials, along with implementation of cost-effective, robust and industrially scalable, rapid, resource saving technologies for fabrication of low weight low-cost thin film PV devices with flexibility in design, such as BIPV, PV powered IoT – the basis for zero energy buildings, smart cities and smart villages. The 5GSOLAR aims to recruit a Knowledge Developer and Manager to bring complementary knowledge to the existing core team, and thereby enhance scientific excellence, to increase visibility and attractiveness, and to bridge the gap between research and technology transfer. This will positively contribute to achievement of Sustainable Development Goals, European targets for Clean Energy for all Europeans, the Smart Specialisation Strategy of Estonia, and to the contribution to the European Research Area.The short term aim is to create a functional ERA Chair team that is capable of implementing the strategies (EMPOWER, STAND OUT, STABLE) formed in the scope of the ERA Chair, and to progress toward the vision of ensuring a sustainable ERA Chair. The long-term goal of the ERA Chair 5GSOLAR is to build a stakeholders’ network, after the ERA Chair project to participate in establishing of a renewable energy demo/briefing centre in Estonia, and finally, to establish a EU joint graduate school on photovoltaics. Completion of these tasks will unleash European’s potential to become the climate neutrality pioneer. The main task of the ERA Chair is to converge R&D&I, stakeholders, policy makers, and society.	none given	none given	none given
89161	952008	ExCEED	Creation and development of an ERA Chair and Centre of Excellence in Organic Electronics as a strategic point of development for science and innovation in the Silesian region and Poland					2020-09-01	2025-08-31	2020-07-01	H2020	€ 2,499,500.00	€ 2,499,500.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.4.c.	WIDESPREAD-06-2020	The overall aim of the ExCEED project is to recruit an outstanding researcher and manager to be the ERA Chair Holder as well as recruit experienced researchers and innovation manager for the Silesian University of Technology (SUT) to establish the multidisciplinary Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Organic Electronics. To achieve this aim, the five-year project will be built upon the existing strong research and innovation base of SUT and the high impact ERA Chair Holder.To boost their scientific excellence and technology transfer capacity in organic electronics, the ExCEED will implement a science and innovation strategy focused on four sub-topics:1. Organic Transistors2. Organic Light-Emitting Diodes3. Organic Solar Cells4. Organic Energy Storage SystemsIn order to recruit the ERA Chair Team and establish the CoE in Organic Electronics, SUT will implement an ambitious Action Plan comprised of the following Action Steps:•Action Step 1: Recruit ERA Chair Holder, Experienced Researchers, and Innovation Manager•Action Step 2: Establish ERA Chair Strategic Research Programme and Postgraduate Training•Action Step 3: Ensure the CoE supports Poland’s SMART Specialisation and EU Research Priorities•Action Step 4: Raise the research profile of the CoE and ERA Chair Team•Action Step 5: Disseminate the results of the CoE and ERA Chair TeamTo support these actions steps, the ExCEED will implement a comprehensive set of measures via the project’s work packages:• ERA Chair Team Recruitment (WP1);• Strategic Research Programme and Postgraduate Training (WP2);• SMART Specialisation and European Research Priorities (WP3)• Summer/Winter Schools and International Conferences (WP4)• Dissemination and Promotion (WP5);	none given	none given	none given
89325	753874	exciTitania	Excitonic quasiparticles in Titania					2017-09-01	2019-08-31	2017-03-17	H2020	€ 158,121.60	€ 158,121.60	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2016	Although titanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely employed in fields like photovoltaics and photocatalysis, the nature of its fundamental charge transfer excitations is still unknown. A deep understanding of the excitonic properties of TiO2 is of high relevance to achieve major advances in the aforementioned fields and may lead to the fabrication of new devices with enhanced performance in energy conversion applications.In this research proposal we address three important aspects of the excitonic nature of TiO2, which have been raised by recent experiments and whose investigation requires exhaustive theoretical efforts. The first aspect is related to an observed anomaly in the temperature dependence of the excitons in both the rutile and anatase polymorphs of TiO2. The dependence of elementary excitations with temperature is a main subject in condensed matter physics, and its study provides crucial information on the quantum many-body interaction and correlation. The second aspect is about the interplay between charge transfer excitons and coherent phonons in TiO2. The experiments indicate again an unexpected behaviour of the semiconductor material in this respect. Finally, we aim to study the q-dispersion of the excitons, which will provide insightful knowledge on how these quasi particles propagates throughout the crystal.The recurrent anomalous behaviour of TiO2 makes it an even more fascinating material than it is already considered, and its study could broaden its field of applicability in unimaginable ways. With this proposal, we intend to pave the wave for an exciting future of this versatile semiconductor, using state-of-the-art theoretical calculations in close collaboration with researchers conducting advanced spectroscopy measurements.	none given	none given	none given
89341	660943	AccuCT	Accurate characterization of charge-transfer excited states					2016-01-04	2019-01-03	2015-04-09	H2020	€ 239,191.20	€ 239,191.20	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2014-GF	Charge transfer (CT) processes play an important role in photosensitizers and photocatalytic reactions that have found great potential in solar energy conversion and enviromental remediation. Density Functional Theory (DFT) is the archetype method to perform all kind of computational simulations due to its favorable combination of efficiency and accuracy. CT processes are among the most difficult challenges for DFT and currently a reliable, efficient and size-extensive method is missing. The goal of this project is developing a new family of long-range corrected density functionals for the quantitative description of CT excited states that also achieves better global performance of other properties. The current approach employs a physically sound strategy based on using density-related properties to construct attenuating functions, avoiding the undesirable biases produced by parameter fitting. By correcting CT description, the new functionals hold the promise to extend its applicability to a wider range of properties and pave the way towards the development of all-purpose functionals.	none given	none given	none given
89342	820718	PANI WATER	Photo-irradiation and Adsorption based Novel Innovations for Water-treatment					2019-02-01	2024-01-31	2018-10-26	H2020	€ 4,969,748.50	€ 3,576,532.50	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.5.	SC5-12-2018	About 2.1 Billion people live without access to safe water sources. Contaminants of Emerging Concerns (CECs) such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides and nanoparticles are increasingly being detected in wastewater and in drinking water around the world, in addition to geogenic pollutants, pathogens, antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes. Water treatment systems that remove CECs and common contaminants from wastewater and drinking water are therefore urgently needed. PANI WATER will develop, deploy and validate in the field six prototypes for the removal of contaminants, including CECs, from wastewater and drinking water. The prototypes for wastewater treatment will consist of (i) a 20,000 L/day multifunctional oxidation reactor, (ii) a 10 L/day photoelectrochemical system, and (iii) a 100 L/day solar photolytic plant. The prototypes for drinking water treatment will consist of (iv) a 300 L/hour filtration, adsorption, and UVC LED system (v) a 20 L transparent jerrycan for solar water disinfection, and (vi) a 2,000 L/day electrocoagulation, oxidation, and disinfection t system. These prototypes will be deployed in peri-urban and rural areas in India. The consortium will work closely with the communities at the fieldsites, and carry out water quality analyses, health and social impact assessments, and advocate for safe reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation, and preservation of drinking water sources. PANI technologies can find promising application among the agricultural sector, water-demanding businesses (e.g. textile, pharmaceutical), and the Indian water utilities.	none given	none given	none given
89359	839237	PhotoWann	Bulk Photovoltaic effect via Wannier functions					2019-10-01	2021-09-30	2019-04-11	H2020	€ 160,932.48	€ 160,932.48	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	PhotoWann aims to shed light into the exceptional properties related to the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) – a nonlinear absorption process – of cutting edge materials like Weyl semimetals, whose photocurrent has very recently been measured to reach colossal values. Thanks to a newly developed method, the track record of the applicant and the expertise of the Host in this field, we are in a privileged position for quantitatively accessing the structure of the BPVE that emerges from narrow k-space regions surrounding the Weyl points, hence shedding light into the breakthrough experimental measurements as well as proposing novel ones. As an additional major goal for the project, we will perform a combined theoretical-experimental investigation (secondment) with the group of T. Neupert in UZH Zurich for analyzing the beta phase of GeSe, a newly synthesized 2D material that is expected to show unconventional nonlinear absorption properties thanks, among other features, to its unusually large electronic density of states, making it a realistic candidate for future applications. In parallel with these two major objectives, we plan to undertake yet another ambitious goal, namely the development and implementation of a robust and efficient computational algorithm for the calculation of the various properties related to the BPVE within the well-established free-software package WANNIER90. This will undoubtedly benefit a substantial part of the scientific community in this field, as it will turn the up-to-now cumbersome and almost prohibitive calculation of this type of processes into a fairly routine task. Our work will therefore generate a fundamental and systematic understanding of nonlinear physics of solids not only through our particular investigations, but also from many other researcher’s via the developed and shared computational algorithm.	none given	none given	none given
89365	706890	QFluctTrans	Thermodynamics of Quantum Transport					2016-04-01	2018-08-31	2016-02-15	H2020	€ 170,121.60	€ 170,121.60	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2015-EF	Electronic components are shrinking and finally reaching the scale of single molecules; promising novel applications to sensors, photovoltaics, heating and electronics. As these components get smaller, important and new physical phenomena impose limitations on how these devices can operate. Quantum mechanics and non-equilibrium thermodynamical fluctuations dominate, challenging all the conventional engineering tools accepted in electronics. The objective of this proposal is to use the novel tools from quantum non-equilibrium thermodynamics to understand the effects of fluctuations in transport in such devices. Average quantities that were good to characterize and control devices in the classical scale become inadequate, as the fluctuations of single trajectories of particles become very large. Although much work has been done to understand quantum thermodynamics, many questions are open regarding its impact on transport on molecular devices.The objective we propose will be addressed by research focused on overcoming the following challenges: (i) Understand the effect of quantum coherence as a thermodynamic potential in molecular devices. (ii) Apply the Open Quantum Systems TD-DFT functional to model transport in molecular devices (iii) Develop a consistent method to characterize transport devices with large quantum fluctuationsEach of these rely on existing theoretical techniques, but they have not been used together for the proposed purpose before.	none given	none given	none given
89376	797781	CALSOL	Carbon based Artificial Leaf for SOLar fuel production					2018-10-01	2020-09-30	2018-03-29	H2020	€ 125,422.80	€ 125,422.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2017	Anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions have seen a steady increase since the industrial revolution. Recent estimates show that 496 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide will be released in the atmosphere between 2010 and 2060. To address climate change, EU needs other technologies that can reduce the carbon dioxide emissions but also that can use the carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere to produce chemicals or fuels; looking at carbon dioxide as a carbon feedstock rather than an undesired waste.Small organic fuel molecules (e.g. formic acid, methanol) can be produced via photoelectrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. Materials that can harvest sunlight to electrochemically reduce carbon dioxide are the “Holy Grail” of energy sustainable societies; they have the potential to reproduce what nature learned in billions of years: photosynthesis. The action at hand aims at creating a carbon based arificial leaf that can convert carbon dioxide into solar fuels.	none given	none given	none given
89477	892632	EnergUP	Development of alga-based photovoltaic devices: Electron transport from photosynthesis via the cell wall to electrodes					2020-09-01	2023-07-30	2020-03-02	H2020	€ 139,850.88	€ 139,850.88	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2019	The aim of the EnergUP project is to substantially improve the efficiency of the alga-based photovoltaic devices and thereby to contribute to the development of a climate-neutral technology. We will apply various strategies to enhance the current production by photosynthetic organisms using bio-photo electrochemical cells (BPEC). We seek for sustainable solutions without the usage of toxic chemicals or invasive cell treatments. In our experimental photovoltaic device, the electric current is transferred form the cells towards the electrode by a soluble electron mediator molecule. The electric current production of the cells is strongly limited 1) by the donation of electrons from algal cells towards the meditator molecule, 2) by the diffusion capacity of the mediator molecule through the multi-layer cell wall and 3) by the distance between the cells and the electrode surface. In this project, we will use two evolutionarily different alga species, the prokaryotic cyanobacteria, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and the eukaryotic green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that are both excellent model organisms to study photosynthetic energy conversion. We will study 1) the contribution of the linear and the alternative photosynthetic electron transport pathways to the reduction of the mediator molecule by employing a range of photosynthetic mutants, and 2) the limiting effect of the cell wall on the diffusion of the mediator molecule by biochemical removal of specific cell wall layers and by employing cell-wall mutants. For the experiments, we will develop a specific measuring cuvette allowing photosynthetic activity measurements in the BPEC. We will also establish immobilization for alga-based photovoltaic devices, ensuring a close distance between the cells and the electrode surface, thereby enabling a more efficient electron transfer. Another advantage of this approach is that changing the culture media and removal of the cells from the BPEC becomes more economical.	none given	none given	none given
89709	889512	UL-Flex-Cell	High-performance, ultra-light flexible CIGS Solar Cell					2021-02-16	2023-02-15	2020-03-03	H2020	€ 159,815.04	€ 159,815.04	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2019	Photovoltaic (PV), a renewable and a sustainable source of energy, is one of the best alternatives to suppress the emission of greenhouse gases and limit global warming. The cost of PV systems is dropping continuously, and their energy generation price is not affected by future fuel price increases. Among different thin-film PV technologies, CIGS solar cell exhibit the highest power conversion efficiency. It is lighter, significantly cheaper to produce, and can be made flexible to use for portable electronics, mobility applications as well as building integration, which is highly relevant in view of the European Strategic Energy Technology plan. To keep pushing prices down and increase efficiency, a novel concept is needed. Low-temperature growth of high-quality CIGS thin-film opens a new frontier of solar business by fabricating solar cells on ultra-light polymeric substrates. However, the main problems that limit the growth of CIGS thin-films at low substrate temperature are poor electronic properties due to incomplete phase transformation and insufficient alkali metals in the absorber layer due to decreased diffusion. In this project, a pulsed hybrid reactive magnetron sputtering process will be developed to obtain a high-efficiency solar cell at low-growth temperature. It is a new, unique, and single-step fabrication process, which will have a high impact on the industrial production of solar cells. Surface stoichiometry and nucleation of anions/cations species at various deposition conditions will be investigated. Furthermore, the atomic mobility of the anions/cations species will be promoted using laser pulses, which enhances the phase transformation resulting in increased crystal growth. To further boost the performance, heavy alkali metals will be incorporated. High-quality results are expected, since the proposal will combine the expertise of the applicant with the knowledge of the host, and the use of unique state-of-the-art fabrication facilities.	none given	none given	none given
89717	899107	PolySolar	Synthesis and nanostructuration of a Pi-conjugated polymer for dye sensitized solar cells					2021-01-04	2023-01-03	2020-03-16	H2020	€ 196,707.84	€ 196,707.84	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2019	π-Conjugated semiconducting organic polymers have gained a widespread interest for their potential application in thefabrication of organic electronic devices. Efficiency of these devices largely depends on the ability of the polymeric film totransport charge; thus attempts are being made to enhance the charge mobility by improving crystallization, aggregation andorientation of the material during the pre-processing. Dip coating, spin coating, doctor blading and thermal annealingtechniques are being used for the development of oriented microstructures, however, these techniques are not practicableon a large scale. However, microfluidics is an emerging multidisciplinary field with practical applications in lab-on-a-chiptechnology. It deals with the precise control, behaviour and manipulation of fluids. It has widely been used for the controllednucleation and crystallization of small conjugated materials.The aim of this project is to synthesize new soluble conjugated organic polymers by simple solution polycondensationmethod. The monomers and the resulting polymeric material will be characterized by using the standard techniques. Newmicrochannel system will be designed and fabricated by using polymer, glass or thermoplastics. The polymer solutions willbe pre-processed (under optimized conditions like temperature, flow rate or magnetic field) by micro-fluid technique forprecise manipulation of crystallization, aggregation and orientation in the solution form. Effect of the variable flow rate,solvent systems and temperatures will be studied. The processed solution will be then spin coated to fabricate prototype dyesensitized solar cell. Atomic force Microscopy, Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, UV visible spectroscopy willused to investigate the aggregation and formation of clusters. Electrical measurements, namely current-voltage (I-V) will becarried out to study the transport properties and cell parameters of the device.	none given	none given	none given
89768	894893	TOC-maker	The assembly and structure of the chloroplast protein import machinery in plants					2021-04-01	2023-06-29	2020-03-12	H2020	€ 224,933.76	€ 224,933.76	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2019	Plants convert solar energy into chemical energy by the process called photosynthesis in a specialized compartment of the cell known as chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are majorly enriched with nucleus-encoded proteins and to import them, chloroplast outer and inner envelope membranes are equipped with apparatus called the TOC and TIC translocons, respectively. For the TOC apparatus, there are two major configurations, TOC-P and TOC-H, reported so far, which import highly abundant, Photosynthetic and Housekeeping pre-proteins, respectively. TOC-P and TOC-H are multiprotein complexes which must be specifically assembled for proper development and homeostasis of the chloroplast. Due to the dynamic nature of the translocons, component synthesis and assembly must be rapid and tightly coupled, making the process difficult to investigate. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of the assembly process is both challenging and exciting. Biogenesis of TOC complexes is rapidly enhanced during chloroplast development or de-etiolation, and I will exploit this process to investigate the assembly of different TOC configurations, using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. For this purpose, transgenic plants expressing epitope-tagged TOC components and cells expressing nascent polypeptides of TOC components with stalled ribosomes will be generated. Proteins transiently interacting with new TOC components, which are predicted to assist integration and assembly of the TOC complex, will be studied by using affinity purification, pulse-chase experiments, and other biochemical techniques, and thus a sequence of assembly events will be elucidated. Although the molecular composition of the TOC protein import machinery has been well studied, the detailed structural organization of TOC complexes has not yet been elucidated. I will address this knowledge gap by analysing affinity-purified TOC complexes from mature chloroplasts at high resolution by cryo-electron microscopy.	none given	none given	none given
89769	895046	IRPV	Chalcogenide-perovskites for infrared photovoltaics					2020-05-04	2023-11-02	2020-02-28	H2020	€ 146,112.00	€ 146,112.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2019	Solar energy reaching Earth is ubiquitous and unlimited. However, current solar technologies in the market converting light directly to electricity theoretically can harvest only 33% of this energy. Stacking several solar cells with appropriate optical properties, power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be almost doubled. Albeit, current multiple junction (MJ) solar cells are very expensive and unaffordable for large scale applications.Combination of well-established thin film solar technologies is a promising strategy for fabrication of high-efficiency and cost-effective MJ solar cells. Dual junction solar cells combining Si and wide bandgap thin films are extensively studied. Infrared (IR) part of solar spectrum is not utilized by such dual junction. PCE can be boosted up to 49% by adding IR solar cell. However, there are only few materials with suitable bandgap for IR solar cells, and they contain toxic chemical elements and/or are expensive to synthesize.Evidently, there is an urgent need to explore novel materials for IR solar cells which is the main goal of the current Marie Skłodowska-Curie project. Chalcogenide-perovskites (CP) is an emerging class of materials that has been highly regarded for optoelectronic application. However, little experimental evidence of photovoltaic (PV) properties has been demonstrated. This project aims to unravel the potential of CP materials for IR PV. First bulk material will be synthesized and characterized to filter out CPs with 0.7 eV bandgap. Then, CP thin films will be fabricated and tested to evaluate potential for PV.The researcher dr. Rokas Kondrotas will be returning after a two-year post-doc in China. He will be contracted with Fiziniu ir Technologijos Mokslu Centras (FTMC) and supervised by prof. Arūnas Krotkus. Through the course of the project, applicant will adopt new competence, research and academic skills, and strengthen his position as the leading scientist in the newly emerging PV group.	none given	none given	none given
89875	892612	IMPEL	Isoreticular Metal Phosphonates for Energy and Light					2020-10-08	2022-10-07	2020-04-01	H2020	€ 212,933.76	€ 212,933.76	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2019	The amount of solar energy received onto the earth in single hour is estimated to be more than the entire annual world energy usage, but at present the implementation and efficiency commercially available of solar cells does not make adequate use of this renewable energy source. It is estimated that 10% of energy usage in the average home, and 20-40% in commercial premises. Furthermore it is predicted that the world will need 30 terawatts (TW) of energy by 2050 which must come from renewables. The EU Renewable Energy Directive in conjunction with the Energy Performance in Buildings Directive has set targets to increase energy efficiency in excess of 32.5% by 2030. In answer to these challenges there is a need to develop new materials for solar energy conversion (photovoltaics) and low energy lighting. The three key challenges in developing new photovoltaics for the conversion of solar energy to electricity are: high efficiency, low cost and long life. In this context, this project aims to develop and study of new multifunctional materials to act as hosts for semiconductor quantum dots and nanoparticles, and to use them in the manufacture and study of solar cells and LEDs. It combines the experience of the PI, Prof Gary Hix, in photonic materials and that of the fellow, Dr Konstantinos Papathanasiou in synthesis of porous materials, to deliver materials which will contribute to global and European Clean Energy objectives. The project will provide a vehicle for a two-way knowledge exchange between the host and fellow, providing the basis for a successful multidisciplinary project spanning chemistry and physics which will also generate data and outcomes that will be of interest to materials scientists and physicists and the wider scientific community in general. The training regime provided for the fellow enable him to establish himself as an independent researcher in his home country, Greece, and in the wider international scientific community.	none given	none given	none given
89991	892213	USHPP	Unassisted photochemical water oxidation to solar hydrogen peroxide production					2021-01-01	2023-01-18	2020-03-12	H2020	€ 224,933.76	€ 224,933.76	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2019	The growing demand for clean energy, and serious nature of global warming are unquestionable. Moreover, the finite nature of fossil fuel reserves and the increasing pace of climate change mean that we must find and harness clean and sustainable energy sources. H2O2 can be one such energy source because it is one of the most potent fuels, generating more energy than any other fuel without generating any pollutant. Although the green hydrogen economy is projected as a solution to clean energy demand, it suffers from storage problems due to the low volumetric energy density in the gas phase. However, there is no storage issue associated with liquid form H2O2. Undoubtedly, the photochemical O2 reduction route has great potential for H2O2 production but the systematic requirements limit its commercialization. However, there is no photocatalyst reported so far, which oxidized the water to H2O2 without any assistance (without the use of a sacrificial agent, external bias, oxygen supply, etc.). This project USHPP (Unassisted photochemical water oxidation to solar hydrogen peroxide production) is designed to address all these problems by synthesizing a stable, shielded, and water oxidizing PC for commercially viable and eco-friendly H2O2 production route. Furthermore, the spontaneous reduction of H+ ions to H2 in conduction band in the proposed USHPP project will resolve the major problem of gases separation associated with photochemical H2 production in powder system (as there will be two separate phases: H2O2 in liquid (oxidative product), and H2 in the gas phase (reductive product)). Further, the success of this project also opens the possibility of simultaneous production of H2O2 via H2O oxidation at valence band, and O2 reduction at conduction band, which will increase the H2O2 production rate without utilizing any sacrificial agent. The best use of in-situ solar H2O2 production system in combination with biocatalysts will bring multidisciplinary aspect to USHPP.	none given	none given	none given
90002	891686	ENLIGHTEN	full harvEst of solar radiatioN using a quantum-dot-in-perovskite absorber and LIGHT managemENt structures					2020-12-01	2022-12-31	2020-04-15	H2020	€ 147,815.04	€ 147,815.04	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2019	Europe has set the energy transition to renewable sources as one of its priority policies to minimise the effects of climate change. Photovoltaic energy is called to play a major role in the world’s electricity production in the mid-term. The present market-dominant technology, crystalline silicon, has reached its practical efficiency record of 26% and the energy cost of this technology seems to be stagnating now. For these reasons, research on new ways of increasing the conversion efficiency of solar cells is still extensive. Among the proposed novel concepts for high-efficiency solar cells, the intermediate band solar cell (IBSC) has received great attention by the scientific community. In conventional single-gap solar cells, photons with energy lower than the bandgap of the absorber material are wasted. The IBSC concept allows harvesting below-bandgap photons without voltage loss, which increases the limiting efficiency from 33% to 50%. So far, IBSCs have been realized with epitaxially-grown quantum dot (QD) superlattices of III-V semiconductors. However, no pronounced efficiency enhancement has been yet reported, since this technological approach is unable to produce nanostructured materials with the properties required theoretically. In particular, epitaxial QDs exhibit low absorbance, leading to low photocurrent, and weak quantum confinement, which degrades the voltage of the cell. Recently, a new type of solution-processed semiconductor materials, quantum dots in a perovskite host (CQDs@Perovskite), has been demonstrated. The intrinsic opto-electronic properties of CQDs@Perovskite (high absorbance & strong quantum confinement) make them perfect candidates as absorber material in IBSCs. ENLIGHTEN will exploit CQDs@Perovskite materials combined with microstructure-based light trapping techniques to pave the way for low-cost high-efficiency solar cells. In addition, the cells have an innovative device structure compatible with flexible-substrate technology.	none given	none given	none given
90051	896211	SMILIES	Two-dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides as Charge Transporting Layers for High Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells					2020-06-01	2022-05-31	2020-03-17	H2020	€ 172,932.48	€ 172,932.48	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2019	SMILIES is based on perovskite solar cells (PSC) employing Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) in a cutting-edge approach for the fabrication of stable and efficient PSCs. The current bottleneck are poor vertical conductivity in 2-dimenisional TMD and stability of PSCs. The research strategy to overcome such challenges are as follows: i) design, develop and optimization of quasi-3D TMD:small molecules with improved vertical conductivity and apply them as hole transporting materials in p-i-n PSCs; ii) fabricate high efficiency and stable PSCs (PCE >24%) with optimized TMDs quantum dots as top transporting materials. The project will overcome barrier to promote TMDs application in other opto-electrical devices, and will advances the commercialization of PSCs and TMDs. The expected results of the project will contribute to European excellence and competiveness in renewable energy field.The transferable aim of SMILIES is to provide training to the fellow in the emerging field of photovoltaics and corresponding materials, where host has a critical knowledge and expertise. The training program includes knowledge acquisition and characterization of organic materials, developing quasi-3D nanocomposites and TMD quantum dots and in-stu measurement for charge dynamics of PSCs. During his short research career, the applicant has gained expertise in the field of photovoltaics and inorganic materials. To further boost his career, the applicant needs to broaden his knowledge in the field of photovoltaics, and within framework of project he will acquire expertise in the field of organic and nanocomposite materials. This will complement the existing expertise in inorganic materials. Further, the success of the project will provide more opportunity to gain supervision and teaching experience, project and intellectual property management research funding and proposal writing skills, which are critical for the applicant to secure a long-term international career and collaboration.	none given	none given	none given
90166	897507	SuprAlloCat	Nanostructured Supramolecular Polymers with Allosterically Regulated Catalytic Interstices					2021-11-23	2024-04-12	2020-11-24	H2020	€ 160,932.48	€ 160,932.48	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2019	Natural systems represent a source of inspiration when it comes to the processing of energy and matter. Metalloporphyrins are at the core of many of these processes, harvesting solar energy and catalyzing relevant chemical processes. In contrast to most artificial nanostructured catalysts based on porphyrins, in which the main assembly driving force is π-π stacking or metal-ligand coordination, enzymes teach us that the catalytic sites around the porphyrin metal centers must remain accessible to the relevant substrates (to optimize catalytic performance), embedded in a well-defined compartment (to enhance selectivity), and connected through the protein backbone (to allow for allosteric regulation).In SuprAlloCat we plan to apply some of the lessons learned from nature to target the self-assembly of nanostructured supramolecular polymers with catalytic performance that would combine the broad catalytic scope of homogeneous catalysts, and the allosteric control, selectivity and activity under mild conditions of enzymes. The key to achieve such goal relies on the development of a self-assembly strategy that will allow us to cofacially arrange metalloporphyrins at tailored interstitial distances along a single dimension, thus creating a periodic array of connected nanoreactors with well-defined, accessible catalytic compartments. The MSC candidate, Dr. Alberto de Juan, will focus on the synthesis of porphyrin and ligand molecules equipped with complementary H-bonding units, and will proceed to study their combined assembly into 1D polymers. We will then focus on evaluating unique functions in these supramolecular materials, such as host-guest binding, chiral induction, allosteric regulation and, finally, Lewis-acid catalysis. SuprAlloCat introduces fundamental challenges and unprecedented approaches in chemical self-assembly and constitutes the best research scenario for the candidate to learn from different fields and further develop his scientific career.	none given	none given	none given
90203	839136	HES-PSC-FCTL	High efficiency and stability perovskite solar cells based on the functionalized charge transport layers					2019-08-01	2021-07-31	2019-04-10	H2020	€ 224,933.76	€ 224,933.76	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	During the past years, photovoltaic technology has shown its greatest potential to be scaled up to meet future energy requirement. Perovskite solar cell (PSC) as a promising next-generation photovoltaic technology has attracted great attention, but its performance is still limited by charge carrier collection efficiency and long-time stability.In this project, the applicant aims to employ novel all-inorganic charge transport layers to fabricate high efficiency and stable inverted planar perovskite solar cells (power conversion efficiency > 23%), based on a functionalized charge transport layer- a Lanthanum(La)-doped BaSnO3(LBSO)/graphene bi-layer. LBSO has a cubic perovskite structure which provides an opportunity to further improve the quality of the interface between the electron transport layer and the perovskite film in conjugation with atmosphere annealing process, which we term “LBSO-template induced perovskite re-nucleation and crystal growth”. A compact conductive graphene layer inserted between the LBSO layer and the metal contact can act as a spacer layer to block the mobile ion and moisture penetration. That will not only improve the device stability (maintain initial efficiency > 90% after 1000 h illumination), but also give a chance to reveal the device degradation mechanism in depth.deeply.	none given	none given	none given
90260	691624	SDHp2m	Advanced policies and market support measures for mobilizing solar district heating investments in European target regions and countries					2016-01-01	2018-12-31	2015-12-01	H2020	€ 2,087,297.25	€ 1,919,297.75	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	LCE-04-2015	SDHp2m stands for ‘Solar District Heating (SDH)’ and actions from ‘Policy to Market’. The project addresses market uptake challenges for a wider use of district heating and cooling systems (DHC) with high shares of RES, specifically the action focuses on the use of large-scale solar thermal plants combined with other RES in DHC systems.The key approach of the project is to develop, improve and implement in 9 participating EU regions advanced policies and support measures for SDH. In 3 focus regions Thuringia (DE), Styria (AT) and Rhone-Alpes (FR) the regulating regional authorities are participating as project partners to ensure a strong implementation capacity within the project. In 6 follower regions from BG, DE, IT, PL, SE the regulating authorities are engaged through letters of commitment. The project activities aim at a direct mobilization of investments in SDH and hence a significant market rollout.The project work program in the participating regions follows a process including 1) strategy and action planning based on a survey, best practices and stakeholder consultation 2) an implementation phase starting at an early project stage and 3) efficient dissemination of the project results at national and international level.Adressed market uptake challenges are: Improved RES DHC policy, better access to plant financing and business models, sustained public acceptance and bridging the gap between policy and market through market support and capacity building. Denmark and Sweden reached already today a high share of RES in DHC and shall be used as a role model for this project.The direct expected outcome and impact of SDHp2m is estimated to an installed or planned new RES DHC capacity and new SDH capacity directly triggered by the project until project end corresponding to a total investment of 350 Mio. € and leading to 1 420 GWh RES heat and cold production per year. A multiple effect is expected in the period after the project and in further EU regions.	none given	none given	none given
90291	891504	BeamSense	Making more with less: intelligent wavefront design to enable high resolution images of unstable samples.					2020-11-01	2022-10-31	2020-03-04	H2020	€ 224,933.76	€ 224,933.76	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2019	The resolution of images formed using scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEMs) is no longer limited by optical limits of the microscope, but instead by sample damage during acquisition. The image is formed by a highly focused beam of electrons being scanned across the specimen, with diffraction intensities recorded at each probe position. However, the beam can also cause localised heating and rearrangement of the atomic structure – and it is this movement that ultimately limits the image quality.Electron-beam-induced specimen damage is particularly severe for weakly-bound compounds, such as battery materials, photovoltaics or pharmaceuticals. The inability to visualise the atomic structure of these materials easily is a severe impediment to research progress in their respective fields. Overcoming the beam-damage roadblock would have a profound impact across many scientific disciplines. This can be achieved by significantly reducing the number of electrons required to form an image. The mechanics of image formation in STEMs is largely unchanged since their first demonstration 80 years ago: the probe is formed by illuminating a circular aperture with a planar electron wave, brought to a focus on the sample and raster scanned. Portions of the scattered intensity are collected to determine the intensity of the pixel associated with each probe position. Electron detectors have developed significantly in recent years – while the probe-forming apertures have received less attention. A circular aperture creates a probe with broad tails, and an image with only weak contrast, thus requiring many electrons to achieve good signal-to-noise. I have previously developed methods to reshape the electron beam to generate angular momentum. In this work, I will apply related methods to increase the image contrast by intelligent shaping of the wave front. This will reduce the required electron dose, and thus enable atomic resolution STEM imaging of beam sensitive materials.	none given	none given	none given
90293	896642	Q.Dot-PurE-WatER	Purification of Water by Harvesting Solar Radiation in a Rare-Earth (RE)-ion Quantum-dot Glass Evaporator					2020-10-01	2023-10-04	2020-04-01	H2020	€ 212,933.76	€ 212,933.76	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2019	High-quality supply of drinking water is essential for maintaining good health and environment. The quality of water-supply infrastructure symbolizes the progress and prosperity of a nation. Increasing population overburden and unpredictable climate change on earth is making drinking water resources scarce, consequently large parts of tropics and sub-tropics are affected adversely. For making pathogen/toxic chemical-free drinking water available, low-cost sustainable approach for water purification is essential, especially in the impoverished regions of the tropics and sub-tropics, where the sunlight is abundant. In order to provide solution for this crisis of drinking water shortage, my Q.dot-PurE-WatER MC project focusses on exploiting quantum (Q)-dot rare-earth(RE)-ion-doped glass from waste phosphor lamps for re-engineering solar-energy harvesting water evaporator and filtration system, called the solar-still as demo. In a demo solar-still, the Q-dot paint layer will be applied for enhancing black-body absorption for heating water to above 95oC for killing pathogens. The solar-still will also store energy by utilizing the organic lauric acid phase change mixture for using heat after sunset. The evaporated water will be filtered through photo-sensitized nano filter for destroying vapour-transported pathogens and chemicals. My goal is to demonstrate favourable impact of solar-still for the purification of dirty water of Ganges River in collaborative research training activities at the IIT-BHU in Varanasi, India and the St. James Hospital and Water@leeds in Leeds UK. This demonstration will be achieved as a result of four training packages including impact pathways, spread over 24-months, which will include six 15-days short visits to Varnasi, India.	none given	none given	none given
90329	706788	NPMSSES	Nanoparticle Enhanced Molten Salts for Solar Energy Storage					2017-03-01	2019-02-28	2016-03-16	H2020	€ 195,454.80	€ 195,454.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2015-EF	Thermal energy storage is a useful method to adjust temporal mismatch between the demand and supply of solar energy systems, and latent thermal energy storage (LTES) using phase change material (PCM) has drawn increasing attentions for its high energy storage density and small temperature variation. Molten salt is a promising candidate for solar energy storage media at middle temperature range (140~300 oC). However, the low thermal conductivity of pure salt hampers the development of this technology. This proposal aims to introduce high conductive nanoparticles (NP) to improve the stability and thermo-physical properties of conventional PCMs for solar energy storage, termed as NPMSSES. Molten salts will be used as the matrix, and NPs (i.e., nickel, graphite platelet nanofibers and graphene) or expanded graphite (EG) will be introduced. It is a highly challenging yet exciting project that unites and advances the boundaries of three state-of-the-art disciplines: functional nanoparticles / nanocomposite, solar energy storage, and multiscale modelling. This work will address four main tasks: i) synthesis and characterization of NP-PCMs with good stability ii) identification thermo-physical properties of NP-PCMs under high temperature; iii) investigating their operational and heat transfer characteristics in a LTES system, including shell-tube and fluidized bed types, and iv) multiscale modeling thermo-physical properties of composite PCMs. My strong experience in experimentation with PCM and heat transfer and the vast knowledge on advanced nanomaterials synthesis and characterisation, and multiscale modelling of the host university will create the optimal environment to deliver the objectives of NPMSSES. The fellowship will be highly beneficial to establish myself as an independent researcher. It is expected that significant innovation should be made in the area of NP-PCM fabrication and mechanistic understanding of heat transfer mechanisms.	none given	none given	none given
90451	764056	PROSEU	PROSumers for the Energy Union: mainstreaming active participation of citizens in the energy transition					2018-03-01	2021-02-28	2018-02-14	H2020	€ 3,124,073.75	€ 3,124,073.75	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	LCE-31-2016-2017	PROSEU aims to enable the mainstreaming of the prosumer phenomenon into the European Energy Union. Prosumers are active energy users who both consume and produce renewable energy (RE). The growth of prosumerism all over Europe challenges current energy market structures and institutions. PROSEU research will look into new business models, market regulations, infrastructural integration, technology scenarios and energy policies. PROSEU’s interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary team will closely work together with RE Prosumer Initiatives (15 Living Labs), policymakers and other stakeholders from eight countries, following a quasi-experimental approach to learn how prosumer communities, start-ups and businesses are dealing with their own challenges, and to determine what incentive structures will enable the mainstreaming of RE Prosumerism, while safeguarding citizen participation, inclusiveness and transparency. Moving beyond a case by case and fragmented body of research on prosumers, PROSEU will build an integrated knowledge framework for a socio-political, socioeconomic, business and financial, technological, socio-technical and sociocultural understanding of RE prosumerism and coalesce in a comprehensive identification and assessment of incentive structures to enable the process of mainstreaming RE prosumers in the context of the energy transition.	none given	none given	none given
90552	656208	NEXTNANOCELLS	Next generation nanowire solar cells					2015-08-01	2018-04-25	2015-03-11	H2020	€ 173,857.20	€ 173,857.20	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2014-EF	Nanowire solar cells are an innovative and promising way to further reduce the cost of photovoltaic electricity for terrestrial applications. Accordingly, the ultimately goal of this project is to develop a multi-junction solar cell composed of an array of III-V nanowire subcells, electrically connected to a state-of-the-art Si solar cell. In order to do so, two different epitaxial techniques will be used to accomplish the epitaxial growth of the nanowires: standard MOVPE growth and the ground-breaking technology of Aerotaxy. Then, the nanowires will be embedded in a polymer and transferred to a Si substrate. The project will be undertaken at Lund University, a world renowned and leading research center in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The project includes not only the development of cutting-edge nanotechnology applied to photovoltaics, but also a comprehensive training program in transferable skills. A secondment in Sol Voltaics AB is also scheduled to assure the inter-sectoral transfer of knowledge, which in turn contributes to the establishment of a knowledge-based European economy. Therefore, the project represents in several ways a valuable opportunity to the researcher and to Lund University.	none given	none given	none given
90559	793604	ATTOPIE	Attosecond plasmon imaging with electrons					2018-03-01	2020-02-29	2018-02-20	H2020	€ 185,857.20	€ 185,857.20	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2017	This project „Attosecond plasmon imaging with electrons“ (ATTOPIE) aims at the experimental realization of the long-desired attosecond photoemission electron microcope (PEEM) to record plasmonic near-fields with nanometer spatial resolution directly on the field level. In this microscope, the attosecond temporal resolution of laser physics is combined with the nanometer spatial resolution of electron microscopy. An infrared pump pulse triggers ultrafast electron dynamics on the surface of a sample. With a certain time delay, an attosecond ultraviolet pulse probes these dynamics by emitting photoelectrons from the sample. These electrons are directly accelerated in the plasmonic near-field, imprinting the field’s local strength into the kinetic energy of the electron. The emission site and the kinetic energy of each electron is recorded in a photoemission electron microscope with few ten nanometer resolution. From the locally recorded kinetic energy spectra of the electrons for a series of pump-probe delays, the complete dynamics of plasmonic near-fields can be reconstructed on the field level.The realization of such an attosecond PEEM becomes possible by employing a state-of-the-art optical parametric chirped pulse amplification laser system with a repetition rate of 200 kHz to generate high harmonics and consequently attosecond pulses. With the increased repetition rate compared to conventional amplifier systems by a factor of 100, the measurement time is significantly reduced, rendering the experimental realization possible.This fundamental research on the described imaging technique with direct access to the propagation and interaction of localized fields on nanometer length- and femtosecond timescales will open up a multitude of research approaches to understand, e.g., nanometric energy transport for improved photovoltaics or petahertz information processing in future optical transistors.	none given	none given	none given
90731	720749	IN-POWER	Advanced Materials technologies to QUADRUPLE the Concentrated Solar Thermal current POWER GENERATION					2017-01-01	2021-06-30	2016-12-14	H2020	€ 5,822,188.35	€ 4,998,928.13	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.2.1.3.	NMBP-17-2016	The benefits of high efficiency concentrated solar power (CSP) and photovoltaic (PV) are well known: environmental protection, economic growth, job creation, energy security. Those technologies can only be applied properly in regions with annual mean radiation values higher than 1750 kWh/m2 per year. CSP has advantages in front of PV: possible 24h continuous electricity production, electricity and heat generation, heat for distributed in cogeneration plants. Within CSP, four technologies have been currently developed: parabolic trough collector (PTC), tower solar power, Stirling/ dish collector and linear Fresnel collector with its advance type named compact linear Fresnel collector. In 2015, there is global 4GWe production (96% PTC), almost 3GWe are under construction. However for huge deployment, a reduction of Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) is imperative for industry consolidation, when nowadays is around 0.16 – 0.22 €/KWh depending on the size plant, Direct Normal Irradiance and the legal framework of site installation. CSP main components: solar field for solar to thermal conversion, power block for thermal to electrical conversion, and thermal storage system are the key to reduce LCOE. IN-POWER project will develop High efficiency solar harvesting CSP architectures based on holistic materials and innovative manufacturing process to allow a Innovation effort mainly focus in advanced materials such as High Reflectance Tailored Shape light Free glass mirror, High working temperature absorber in Vacuum Free receiver, optimized Reduced Mass support structure allow upgrading current solar field. IN-POWER reduce environmental impact also by reducing THREE times standard thermal storage systems by novel thermal storage materials; and a amazing reduction FOUR TIMES the required land extension in comparison of current mature PTC power generation with the same thermal power output. IN-POWER solution will bring LCOE below 0.10 €/KWh beyond 2020.	none given	none given	none given
90766	747599	PerovSAMs	Molecular glues for perovskite materials					2018-01-01	2020-02-25	2017-02-27	H2020	€ 170,121.60	€ 170,121.60	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2016	This project aims at optimizing the interface between halide perovskites and different semiconductors through the use of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Such interface engineering will be applied to perovskite solar cells where SAMs will play the role of “molecular glues” between the active perovskite layer and charge transport layers (n- and p-type metal oxides as well as organic semiconductors). Through the grafting and self-assembly of short bifunctional molecules, PerovSAMs will ensure a smooth and close contact at the interfaces, favouring charge transfer in the cell, thus minimizing losses and enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Furthermore, this versatile methodology will also be applied to perovskite nanocrystals (NCs). Surface functionalization of the NCs with SAMs will allow the formation of a perovskite shell with a different chemical composition creating core-shell quantum dots with superior photovoltaic properties, boosting the incipient field of perovskite NC-based solar cells.	none given	none given	none given
90830	101025608	IDEAL	Efficient and Stable Organic Photovoltaics by Combinatorial Screening					2022-09-01	2025-03-25	2021-03-24	H2020	€ 160,932.48	€ 160,932.48	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	The researcher Dr. Sergi Riera-Galindo apply for a fellowship to address effIcient anD stablE orgAnic photovoLtaics (IDEAL) by combinatorial screening. This fellowship will be carried out in the NANOPTO group of Institute of Material Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) under the supervision of Dr. Mariano Campoy-Quiles. Organic photovoltaics (OPV) are a promising emerging renewable energy technology due to several attractive traits, including the possibility to broadly tune colour and transparency, light weight, insensitivity to the angle of illumination, and very high efficiency under low and indoor illumination. Moreover, their amenability for solution processing at low thermal budgets enables the roll-to-roll (R2R) fabrication of OPV modules, ensuring cost-efficient production in terms of energy and economics. Nowadays, the most important challenge is to transfer the large potential of OPV from lab scale to industry and improving its stability.The overall objective of IDEAL is the development of highly efficient and stable OPV modules for diffuse light applications such as building integration and powering of internet of things (IoT) sensors.In this project we will use high throughput fabrication methodology using combinatorial screening to evaluate the performance of a material system much faster than the conventional methods. The big data produced will be analysed by machine learning algorithms to predict the full photocurrent versus composition curves from vary basic molecular descriptors and to determine which are the most important parameters that define the best compromise between efficiency and stability.The expertise of the researcher on fabrication organic electronic devices by solution processed techniques will be combined with the host group experience in combinatorial screening methodology and the use of machine learning in OPV. This project will be instrumental for the researcher to become a cutting-edge scientist and create his own group.	none given	none given	none given
90930	706094	TONSOPS	Titanium Oxide Nanocomposites for Scalable Optimized Perovskite Solar cells					2016-03-16	2018-03-15	2016-02-29	H2020	€ 170,121.60	€ 170,121.60	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2015-EF	The European commission recognizes the importance of nanotechnology, semiconductors and advanced materials as key enabling technologies. The application of functional nanostructured materials in industrial processes and advanced science is of capital and strategic importance for the European economy and society. Their inclusion as reliable, standard and affordable components will boost the competitiveness of European industry, specifically in the fabrication of 4th generation solar cells. Sensitized Perovskites Solar cells (PSC) represent advantages in terms of cost manufacturing, energy generation and integration in flexible and semitransparent devices. However, the viability of their mass scale fabrication is hindered by economic and technical difficulties. Some of these technical issues arise from inefficient infiltration of the perovskite absorber into a fragile mesoporous (mp) TiO2 layer. My project addresses these problems applying a recently developed straightforward method for secure TiO2 nanotube layers (TNL) to commodity thermoplastic polymers. This novel method combined with optimized solution synthesized perovskites will result in the production of flexible and pliable PSC. Specifically, I propose to produce a step change in the standardization and fabrication of functional nanostructured materials, and its implementation in optimized PSCs. Lastly, the study on the life cycle management and viability of the industrial production of these PSC will be evaluated in an innovative photovoltaic manufacture company, ONYX SOLAR. Hence, the project is designed to generate disruptive, but easily scalable technology that may be rapidly adopted by European industry to boost its competitiveness in functional nanostructured composites and 4th generation solar cells.	none given	none given	none given
90965	661480	PlasmaPerovSol	A full plasma and vacuum integrated process for the synthesis of high efficiency planar and 1D conformal perovskite solar cells					2016-01-01	2017-12-31	2015-03-25	H2020	€ 158,121.60	€ 158,121.60	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2014-EF	Photovoltaic or solar cells (SC) devices –that transform light into electricity- have been extensively studied in the last decades since they represent a promising way to exploit the sun energy. Currently, perovskite-based solar cells(SC) are receiving increasing attention due to their low cost and high efficiency. They are very promising as an alternative for the existing ones, but still need to advance to reach higher efficiency and durability and require synthesis methods compatible with the industrial production of CMOS devices at wafer scale. These recent SC are mostly fabricated via wet methods in planar architecture. Inherent to the nature of the wet approaches, usually appear several drawbacks as contaminations and chemical reactions on the interfaces that might result deterioration of the SC performance.PlasmaPerovSol main objective is the fabrication of a complete perovskite solar cell device by a full plasma and vacuum integrated process carried out under the premises of the “one reactor concept”. Thus, the different components of the solar cell will be deposited sequentially within a vacuum reactor avoiding exposition of the materials and interfaces to air or solvents. The technology developed by the hosting group combine vacuum deposition assisted by plasma that permits the fabrication of conformal layers over a large variety of templates. This approach is also proposed here to fabricate conformal multilayers over 1D scaffold that will demonstrate the advantages of 1D-SC. Plasma and vacuum processes present as advantage the high purity and stoichiometric control on the deposition within an ample range of materials compositions. The synthesis approach is compatible with large scale industrial production and allows the fabrication of SC on processable and flexible substrates. At the same time, the low temperatures used make the approach compatible with current CMOS technology and by using masks permits their integration on preformed devices.	none given	none given	none given
91112	746167	SESPer	Solar Energy Storage PERovskites					2017-11-13	2020-11-12	2017-06-20	H2020	€ 239,191.20	€ 239,191.20	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2016	Solar energy, attractive source of energy being it free and endless, can be converted into electricity by means of a Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plant. However, the biggest limit of such technology is the intermittency and the diurnal nature of the solar light. For their future development, CSP plants need to be coupled with storage system. Among the existing thermal storage systems, the ThermoChemical Storage (TCS) is one of the most promising technology and it is based on the exploitation of the reaction heat of a reversible chemical reaction. Just recently, perovskite systems have drawn increasing interest as promising candidates for TCS systems. Perovskites are generally indicated as ABO3, with A and B the two cations of the structure and with O the oxygen. They exhibit a continuous, quasi-linear oxygen release/uptake within a very wide temperature range. Their reduction being endothermic consists in the heat storage step, while the exothermic oxidation releases heat when it is required. The overall objective of the proposal is to study more earth abundant compositions (Ca-, Fe-, Mn- or Co-based) of perovskites for identifying one or more promising candidate storage medium for the design and the realization of a prototype of a multilevel-cascaded TCS system. It aims at solving the no-easy solution problem of the wide temperature range to be covered by a TCS system for CSP plant by using perovskites with different operating temperatures cascaded from the lowest operating temperature to the maximum one. As main result it could bring the TCS systems to a level closer to the market scale. The research project will be developed in collaboration with the IMDEA Energy Institute and the Materials Science and Engineering Department of Northwestern University. This project idea is totally in line with the current strict global energy and environmental politics and also with the Horizon 2020 objectives.	none given	none given	none given
91123	839402	PLASMIONICO	Plasmon-resonance driven thermionic emitters for improved solar energy harvesting					2019-09-01	2021-08-31	2019-03-20	H2020	€ 172,932.48	€ 172,932.48	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	“PLASMIONICO is an innovative proposal aiming at advancing sustainable energy production by developing a “”cold-cathode”” thermionic generator as key component of novel photovoltaic/thermoelectric (PV/TE) hybrid devices to outperform the solar cell and thermoelectric generator working separately. The cold cathode, instead of being brought to extremely high temperatures, produces the emission of electrons by the absorption of infrared (IR) photons in the unused region of the solar spectrum below the PV cell bandgap. The IR photons will launch plasmons at a nanostructured metallic cathode, which upon relaxation will generate a photocurrent. A great advantage is that plasmon-resonance driven thermionic emission is not restricted to a particular class of materials, working for Si-based devices as well as for organic (soft and flexible) materials, since the cathode temperature is that of a working solar cell. Research activities will span the whole added-value chain from fundamental studies of materials for thermionic generation, including the optimization of plasmonic nanostructures, reaching higher TRLs by realization of a thermionic demonstrator. PLASMIONICO would contribute to the current energy challenge, a priority in both the EU and ICMAB-CSIC research agendas. The proposal possesses high interdisciplinary character by merging activities in physics, chemistry, materials science and device technology, which together with the unique network of international partners will contribute to boost the track records and develop the career of the applicant.”	none given	none given	none given
91266	101022696	IDeCAST	Innovative design and control methodologies for large scale solar tracker					2021-07-01	2025-06-29	2021-04-19	H2020	€ 224,933.76	€ 224,933.76	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	Solar energy has been considered as one of the viable sources of renewable energy over the past years. Many solar energy collection systems have been developed to convert solar energy into either electrical or thermal power for the industrial and domestic applications. In these systems, solar trackers are generally utilized to increase the solar panel/mirror area exposed to the direction of the sun radiation. However, the current solar tracker mechanisms are heavy, expensive and extremely high energy consumption, which significantly limits the applications of solar energy collection. The objectives of this project are to investigate the innovative design and control method of a new generation of solar tracker which has the characteristics of small torque, low energy consumption and high stiffness. The expected achievements will provide unique techniques/methodologies for breakthrough design and development of solar trackers. In this project, the Grassmann Geometry and the work principle of stone mill in ancient China will be utilized to invent a novel solar tracker with small torque and high energy efficiency, and the performance atlas method will be explored for mechanical structure optimization. Further, the friction compensation and wind disturbance rejection control methodologies are established to improve the performance of the developed system.This project will bring the complementary expertise in advanced measurement and control, robotics and mechanisms led by the Warwick Group and the solar tracker design and analysis by Dr Wu. This combination has placed the team in the best position to achieve the ultimate objectives. The research will provide benefits for the sponsor by publishing high-ranking papers and inventing new solar trackers. The capability of development of new solar trackers is of prime importance to both UK and European engineers and scientists for better utilization of solar energy in the 21st century.	none given	none given	none given
91337	840011	PHOTOCATALYSIS	Recyclable Metal-free Photocatalysts for Synthetic Chemistry based on Covalent Organic Frameworks					2019-09-01	2022-08-03	2019-04-10	H2020	€ 178,320.00	€ 178,320.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	The discovery of smart and highly efficient catalysts for solar energy conversion and green fuel production is a global scientific challenge due to increasing energy demand and related environmental consequences. Synthetic photocatalysis is highly promising, but employs to date expensive and/or toxic metals, such as Pt, Au, Ru, Cd, Ag, and Ir. This hampers the development of large-scale and introduces environmental issues. The aim of this proposal is to develop stable, recyclable and metal-free heterogeneous photocatalysts for the Diels-Alder (D–A) reaction. D–A reactions are one of the most powerful synthetic protocols for the synthesis of unsaturated six-membered rings, yet to be well established for the industry. Herein, we selected porous organic polymers, namely Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) and Covalent Triazine Frameworks (CTFs), because they allow synergistic utilization of their skeleton and pores. Due to their high porosity and uniform pores, they allow for confined space synergies and easy mass transport. The pi-species in these catalysts are highly photo-catalytically active. These metal-free insoluble-polymer-catalysts are expected to show high thermal and chemical stability. Therefore, these catalysts can be easily separated out from the reaction mixture and re-activated for cycle use. Furthermore, we will use these catalysts in a continuous-flow reactor, which could open up a new avenue for catalyst industry.	none given	none given	none given
91377	844972	NIRLAMS	NIR Light Harvesting in Artificial Protein-Lipid-Chromophores Coassembled Molecular System					2020-01-01	2021-12-31	2019-04-10	H2020	€ 203,852.16	€ 203,852.16	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	The depleting fossils fuels added by their high carbon emission have been constantly putting pressure on scientific community to find an economic solution in the form of green energy. The utilization of everlasting solar energy is possible solution which has been researched for a long now but has constraints of Shockley Queisser Limit. The recent emergence of photon upconversion has given hope to overcome this limit by upconverting the transmitted sub band gap photons to band gap responsive light. Among the existing UC phenomenon triplet-triplet annihilation based photon upconversion (TTA-UC) leading the way because of its function at sub solar irradiance and 1.5 solar spectrum. Most of the TTA-UC systems are limited to Vis to Vis UC which though have contributed immensely for conceptual development of the filed; however for practical applications in photonic devices NIR to Vis TTA-UC would be more ideal. This is because; (1) NIR is low energy non-invasive light which is useful for biological applications and (2) can overcome the Shockley Queisser Limit of solar cells. On the other hand NIR to Vis TTA-UC systems are although reported they are mostly limited to deoxygenated organic solvents which have limitation of device fabrication. This is due to low solubility of NIR to Vis dyes in synthetic polymers and quenching by molecular oxygen. Therefore, the present proposal is aimed at overcoming these issues by introducing an innovative approach of protein-lipid-chromophores co-assembly both for aqueous and solid state NIR to Vis TTA-UC in oxygenated environment. The proposed approach is supported by the fact that nonpolar domains of protein-lipid coassembly can solubilize the hydrophobic NIR to Vis dyes and thick H-bonding network of protein can prevent oxygen inflow into chromophore region. The proposed project would lead to a new conceptual development for efficient solar upconversion and will broaden the solar light harvesting range for solar energy conversion system	none given	none given	none given
91419	838996	RealNanoPlasmon	Towards nanoscale reality in plasmonic hot-carrier generation					2019-04-01	2021-03-31	2019-03-19	H2020	€ 191,852.16	€ 191,852.16	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	Metal nanoparticles absorb and scatter light much more than their physical size would suggest. This is caused by localized surface plasmon resonances formed upon light illumination in the nanoparticle. The plasmon resonances are characterized by collective oscillations of free electrons in the particle, but soon after its formation, typically on a femtosecond timescale, the collective plasmon mode decays via emission or via non-radiative creation of electron-hole pairs. As a result of the latter decay mechanism, high-energy electrons and holes, so-called hot carriers, are left behind. When these plasmon-induced hot carriers escape from the nanoparticle to the environment, or are induced there directly, they can be utilized for multitude of applications, such as photovoltaics, photocatalysis, or photodetection.Similarly to the plasmon resonance, the distribution of plasmon-generated hot carriers is highly dependent on the size, shape, and composition of the nanoparticle. In recent years, atomic-scale effects on plasmon resonances have become increasingly scrutinized theoretically and computationally along with sophisticated experimental techniques. Despite this development, for plasmonic hot-carrier generation the bulk of the present understanding is based on model systems or approximative methods neglecting the underlying atomic structure. The aim of this project is to develop first-principles methods for addressing plasmonic hot-carrier generation by fully accounting for the atomic structure and elemental distribution, and shed light on atomic-scale effects on hot-carrier generation by virtue of the developed methods.	none given	none given	none given
91444	801359	MCEC	The Netherlands Center for Multiscale Catalytic Energy Conversion					2018-09-01	2023-08-31	2018-03-19	H2020	€ 3,348,480.00	€ 1,674,240.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-COFUND-2017	In the Netherlands Center for Multiscale Catalytic Energy Conversion (MCEC), teams of chemists, physicists and engineers from the universities of Utrecht, Eindhoven and Twente join forces in an ambitious research and training programme to address one of society’s Grand Challenges: sustainable energy conversion. Marie Curie funding allows MCEC to extend its PhD programme internationally with 16 positions for Early-Stage Researchers and to strengthen its multidisciplinary training programme in accordance with the EU principles of innovative doctoral training.MCEC’s objectives are:• Develop radically improved, sustainable catalytic energy conversion processes, for efficiently converting renewable feedstocks, such as biomass, municipal waste and solar energy, into fuels and chemical building blocks; • Establish a training programme that integrates the chemistry, physics and engineering aspects of energy conversion and jump-starts the career of young researchers by giving them the skills and competences needed to effectively operate in multidisciplinary teams;• Recruit the best researchers world-wide for an innovative programme of training-through-research in Multiscale Catalytic Energy Conversion with high quality supervision, a unique multidisciplinary training programme, transferable skills training and meaningful interaction with international and industrial partners, leading to a joint PhD degree;• Establish the MCEC PhD programme as a benchmark for effective multidisciplinary training among the three core partners and their partners ensuring continuation of the programme after the initial funding phase.In two open calls MCEC will attract the most talented researchers and select the best candidates through a fair, transparent, merit-based and impartial selection procedure. MCEC will deliver a cohort of research professionals equipped with the knowledge and skills needed to address the energy challenge in all sectors: academia, industry and governance.	none given	none given	none given
91523	885866	SWaG	Freshwater production from seawater and atmospheric moisture enabled by a solar-driven water generator					2020-07-01	2022-06-30	2020-03-11	H2020	€ 171,473.28	€ 171,473.28	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2019	The experienced researcher (ER), Dr. Siew-Leng LOO, will carry out a fellowship to develop a new cryogel-based material for onsite water production from seawater and atmospheric moisture. The fellowship will be carried out in Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) under the supervision of Dr. Despina FRAGOULI. Specifically, the research aims to develop photothermal cryogels that can generate potable water via two approaches: (i) solar desalination achieved through solar-induced evaporation of seawater followed by condensation of the vapor generated, and (ii) atmospheric-water harvesting accomplished through the absorption of water vapor followed by (liquid) water recovery via solar-induced evaporation. This work will be the first demonstration of cryogels for solar-induced desalination and atmospheric-water harvesting. A portable device incorporating the photothermal cryogel that is easy to use will also be developed as a technological solution for decentralized water production in remote communities and disaster relief applications. Therefore, the work will not only advance the scientific understanding on desirable structures for enhanced performance in solar-induced desalination and atmospheric-water harvesting, but it also potentially have significant societal and humanitarian implications.	none given	none given	none given
91547	797546	FASTEST	Fully Air-Processable and Air-Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals					2018-09-01	2020-08-31	2018-03-09	H2020	€ 180,277.20	€ 180,277.20	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2017	Hybrid perovskites represent a new paradigm for photovoltaics, showing the potential of cost-effective fabrication, viable integration for a multi-junction device, and flexible device applications. However, the viability of perovskite solar cells is still far behind commercialization due to difficulties arising from little air-stability and inconsistent power output. The FASTEST project aims to synthesize air-stable inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) for their application in high-performance photovoltaics. Inorganic perovskite NCs exhibited outstanding optical properties, with photoluminescence quantum yield above 80%, i.e. low charge recombination losses. However, current nanoparticle synthesis methods use bulky, high-boiling point ligands which hamper the formation of high quality optoelectronic thin films, i.e. films with high charge transport and limited recombination, which severely limits possibilities of applications. This project will overcome these hurdles by engineering perovskite NCs by introducing short ligands for room temperature (RT) synthesis and compositional substitution with second metallic ions to stabilize perovskite NCs with an optimal bandgap. Furthermore, to attain air-durability as well as a good dispersion in solution states, novel polymeric passivating materials which protect perovskite NCs from degradation will be incorporated. These will develop effective strategies for enhancing the durability of metal halide perovskite nanoparticles from synthesis scheme to device operations. The technological advancement will be supported by fundamental studies on the photophysical properties of perovskite NCs related with physics of defect and perovskite degradation under controlled conditions of humidity, light, and temperature. This will lead to an understanding of the degradation mechanisms in the perovskite NCs, finally a demonstration of the solution-processable perovskite NCs for flexible large-area PV applications.	none given	none given	none given
91561	101023689	BOLLA	Bandgap tunable perovskites for Organic poLLutAnts removal in water					2021-10-01	2023-09-30	2021-05-10	H2020	€ 171,473.28	€ 171,473.28	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	BOLLA aims to modulate the bandgap of halide perovskites to obtain versatile solar cells with stable power outputs. The ultimate goal will be coupling such devices with an electrochemical system to engineer an inexpensive, solar driven photo-oxidation water purification system. It will represent a breakthrough in the field of (i) solid-state physics of halide perovskites, shining light on instability mechanisms driven by defects in Sn-containing materials, (ii) photovoltaic, developing stable commercial tunable solar cells, and (iii) water treatment, serving as point-of-use system to obtain safe drinking water free of harmful organic pollutants. The project will start from the design and synthesis of a suitable solution-processed Sn-Pb hybrid perovskite material, whose chemical composition will be tweaked to obtain both narrow and wide bandgap structures with optimal charge transport properties and stability. The fundamental chemistry of defects and the related optoelectronic mechanisms will be investigated as primary source of instability. The engineered material will be integrated in fully-printable, metal-free architectures using only methods compatible with large scale production. Finally, individual wide and narrow bandgap solar cells and series-connected configurations will be combined with an electrochemical system to provide the necessary power to maximize the efficiency in degrading organic pollutants in wastewater. Beyond the main target, the project will proceed through the realization of intermediate and high impact targets, which include advanced photophysical characterization of Sn-Pb hybrid perovskites and fabrication of fully-printable carbon based Sn-Pb devices. This multidisciplinary project will be carried out at the Italian Institute of Technology (Milan) under the supervision of Dr. Petrozza and complemented with Secondments in the Technical Research Centre of Finland VTT (Espoo) and the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin HZB (Berlin).	none given	none given	none given
92009	101032153	SolArray	Analysis of the performance of innovative nanowire arrays with offset nanoholes Si solar cells for enhanced performance					2021-06-01	2023-06-30	2021-03-24	H2020	€ 224,933.76	€ 224,933.76	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	This proposed project directly address one of the priority areas outlines in EC’s Green Deal programme.The usage of textured solar cells to reduce the reflection from the air-solar cell interface, which ultimately enhances absorption, has been widely reported. There is a large number of texturing patterns available such as: pyramids, micropillars, nanowires, nanoholes, plasmonic, etc. The most commonly used patterns have been widely studied and have reached very high levels of optimisations. Nevertheless, these regular patterns have some degree of frequency dependence and hence only a narrow wavelength range optimisation, and thus limits the overall performance. Our preliminary study suggest that absorption efficiency can be further increased by at least 20%, by simply optimising the shape and periodicity of the nanowires. This proposal introduces an innovative combination of the patterns, both circular and noncircular nanowires, additionally including air-holes which increases the solar cell efficiency. Preliminary result also shows that by introducing an offset in the air-hole position, and thus breaking the symmetry, achieves an even higher conversion efficiency, but without increasing the fabrication cost, as simple single-stage mask can be used. By doing this, the improvement on the performance is expected to affect over the whole solar wavelength spectrum. Solar cells with a higher efficiency, but without increased fabrication cost can be a game changer, in supporting UN SDG7, affordable and clean energy.Through hands-on research, the Researcher of this project will enhance his knowledge and skills so can contribute to the European Research Area agenda.	none given	none given	none given
92028	843439	LuSH Art	Luminescent Solar Heterostructures for Artificial photosynthesis					2020-03-16	2022-05-30	2019-04-02	H2020	€ 171,473.28	€ 171,473.28	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	LuSH Art aims at developing new heterostructured hybrid nanomaterials which are light powered by energy migration and to fabricate new luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) taking inspiration from a tree leaf. Reduction of CO2 level in atmosphere is a crucial problem for the life survival on Earth and most of the countries, included EU, has challenging goals to decrease it in the future decades. The production of solar fuels (e.g. H2, CH4) from water splitting and CO2 reduction by photocatalysis can be a key tool in this direction. Although the progresses in this field have a high pace, both scientific and technical important issues are still opened. In multielectron chemistry, the solar light absorption by the sensitizer is the limiting step. In nature, plants and algae are highly efficient at converting CO2 in fuels working at low light flux thanks to energy transfer. Molecular antennas, transferring energy among them, funnel it to a single catalytic reaction center. This is the inspiring principle of LuSH Art, where heterostructured nanomaterials based on colloidal quantum dots (QDs) and J-aggregates will be applied. New light harvesting antennas based on self-assembly aggregation, either from organic molecules or QDs, will be used to fast deliver energy to reactive centers. By controlling the morphology and the chemical composition, non-toxic core/shell QDs will be applied either as sensitizer or as photocatalyst, in colloidal and in film form. These heterostructures will be integrated in a new LSC for artificial photosynthesis. This project, which involves industrial collaboration, has a multidisciplinary approach and its possible outcomes could impact several other research fields in chemistry and material science. The experience and the skills that I gained during my period abroad will be crucial for this project, which would have a great positive impact on my researcher career, allowing me to start my research field.	none given	none given	none given
92038	727402	MOSAIC	MOdular high concentration SolAr Configuration					2016-12-01	2021-11-30	2016-10-05	H2020	€ 5,077,733.75	€ 5,077,733.75	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	LCE-07-2016-2017	MOSAIC project aims to exceed the goal of the Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan – European Commission of producing CSP electricity at a cost below 0.10 €/kWh. To exceed this goal a commercial CSP plant of > 1GW of nominal capacity is foreseen, in which high nominal capacity of CSP plant is reached in a modular way where each MOSAIC module delivers thermal energy to linked thermal energy storage systems that supply their energy to a high capacity power block (>1GW). This modular configuration guarantees reliability, flexibility and dispatchability according to the needs of the electrical grid while reduces significantly the specific cost of the Power block (€/MW installed). Each MOSAIC module consists of an innovative fixed spherical mirror concentrator arranged in a semi-Fresnel manner and an actuated receiver based on a low cost closed loop cable tracking system. This configuration reduces the moving parts of the whole system decreasing solar field cost while keeping high concentration ratios. This will assure high working temperatures thus high cycle efficiencies and a cost effective use of thermal storage systems. Energy from the sun is collected, concentrated and transferred to the heat transfer fluid at module level where, due to the modular concept, distances from the solar concentrator to the receiver are much shorter that those typical from solar tower technologies. As a result, the efficiency of energy collection is maximized, atmospherical attenuation is minimized and accuracy requirements can be relaxed.All these technical benefits contribute to a much lower capital cost of the whole system while keeping efficiency and reliability. This has consequently a strong impact in the final cost of electricity production. First figures show LCOE estimated values below 0.10€/kWh for CSP power plants of 100 MW nominal power based in MOSAIC concept, additional cost reductions are expected for greater capacities (>1GW) exceeding the goal of the SET plan	none given	none given	none given
92065	721045	NEXTOWER	Advanced materials solutions for next generation high efficiency concentrated solar power (CSP) tower systems					2017-01-01	2021-06-30	2016-12-14	H2020	€ 6,221,105.19	€ 4,981,304.32	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.2.1.3.	NMBP-17-2016	NEXTOWER shall introduce a set of innovative materials to boost the performance of atmospheric air-based concentrated solar power (CSP) systems to make them commercially viable. In particular, tower systems are appealing for the great environmental compatibility and offer tremendous potential for efficient (electrical and thermal) power generation. Yet, their industrial exploitation has been so far hindered by limitations in the materials used both for the central receiver – the core component – and for thermal storage. Such limitations dictate maximum working temperature and in-service overall durability (mainly driven by failure from thermal cycling and thermal shocks). Improving the efficiency of a tower system entails necessarily improving the central receiver upstream and possibly re-engineering the whole systems downstream to work longer and at much higher temperature, especially in the thermal storage compartment. NEXTOWER will address this need by taking a comprehensive conceptual and manufacturing approach that will optimize bulk and joining materials for durability at the component level to achieve 25 years of maintenance-free continued service of the receiver and maximum thermodynamic efficiency at the system level. This is made possible through a unique combination of excellence in materials design and manufacturing, CSP full-scale testing facilities brought together in the Consortium, supporting the making of a full-size demo modules SOLEAD (tested in Spain and Italy) within the project. The successful achievement of a new generation of materials allowing for virtually maintenance free operations (limited to ceraminc parts) and increased working temperature shall result in the next-generation of air-coolant CSP highly competitive over other CSP alternatives and sustainable power supply options.	none given	none given	none given
92121	655039	NANOSOLAR	HYBRID QUANTUM-DOT/TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS					2015-06-02	2017-06-01	2015-03-13	H2020	€ 158,121.60	€ 158,121.60	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2014-EF	The development of high-efficiency and low-cost solar cells is one of the most crucial challenges to secure a clean and sustainable energy source. The novel and tunable optoelectronic properties of nanomaterials are a very promising but still challenging route to achieve this goal. In this project, we propose to combine the advantages of two important nanoscale materials, semiconductor quantum dots (QD) and two-dimensional atomic layered (2-D) materials, to realize high-efficiency hybrid solar cells. Quantum dots are one of the best absorbing and carrier photogenerators due to multiple exciton generation and their size-tunable and direct band gap, however, their poor dot-to-dot conductivity has been a major limitation for photovoltaic devices. We propose to overcome this limitation by intercalating 2-D materials that have shown high charge mobility and strong optoelectronic properties. We propose a tandem configuration based on a stack of QD layers for strong carrier photogeneration, with intercalated 2-D atomic layers for efficient charge and photocurrent extraction. We will study the charge transfer and separation at the interface of QDs and 2-D layers, both of which are strongly affected by quantum confinement. The co-supervisors of this project, Prof. Konstantatos and Prof. Koppens at ICFO, have demonstrated a QD/2-D(graphene) phototransistor with a photoresponse up to 5 orders of magnitude higher than phototransistors based on single graphene or MoS2 atomic layers without QDs, showing the potential of QD/2-D hybrid devices for photovoltaics. In addition to QDs, we will also use small band gap materials, such as phosphorene and other 2-D semiconductors that can harvest energy from infrared hot sources in dark conditions. The proposed hybrid QD/2-D solar cell architecture can have a strong technological impact since both materials can be produced in large scale by chemical synthesis and surpass the performance of current photovoltaic technologies.	none given	none given	none given
92126	750600	NAROBAND	Environmental friendly narrow band-gap colloidal nanocrystals for optoelectronic devices					2017-06-01	2019-05-31	2017-02-13	H2020	€ 158,121.60	€ 158,121.60	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2016	In recent years a widespread investigation of semiconductor materials and its use in optoelectronic devices has taken place. Despite the vast variety of semiconductor materials, solution processable semiconductor nanocrystals (NC’s) take lead thanks to their excellent optoelectronic properties (tunable band-gap, high PLQY and optical stability) while they become more and more appealing for their low production cost. Although, a variety of semiconductor NC’s have been synthesized for application in the visible spectral region, only few examples exist with tunability in mid and near-IR, and most notable high toxicity mercury and lead based NCs. On the other hand, nowadays we experience a burst of emerging near and mid-IR technologies (e.g. solar cells, detectors, night cameras) which are moving towards the use of environmentally friendly IR emitting materials for large scale production. Therefore, NAROBAND aims to exploit the synthesis and the functionalization of low-toxic narrow-band gap Ag2SxSey NC’s via both chemical and physical routes towards the fabrication of environmental friendly, low cost solar cell devices. The project focus on achieving full control of the bandgap (1.2eV–0.4eV) via quantum confinement and stoichiometry allowing to decouple nanocrystals size and surface effects from bandgap, leading to a better control of the optoelectronic properties. Moreover, throughout careful surface characterization and functionalization NAROBAND aims to suppression of the trap state density, enhancing the carrier mobility and manipulating the energy levels of the valence and conduction band of the NC’s. These material advancements will pave the way towards, firstly, the fabrication of high efficient IR solar cell devices and later on the realization of tandem solar cell by using the conventional Si technology to harvest the high energy electromagnetic radiation of the sun, while the aforementioned solar cell device will collect the, so far wasted, IR radiation.	none given	none given	none given
92134	840638	InVivoRuBisCO	In vivo Directed Evolution of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using an Orthogonal DNA Replication System					2020-12-01	2022-11-30	2019-12-10	H2020	€ 178,320.00	€ 178,320.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	Global warming can be greatly mitigated by replacing fossil fuels with renewable solar energy. In one approach, researchers have combined solar water splitting with bacteria capable of consuming atmospheric CO2 and solar derived hydrogen to produce solar fuels. All CO2 fixed by these bacteria must go through the enzyme Ribulose 1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase (RuBisCO). RuBisCO is the arbiter of photosynthesis and is the primary conduit linking carbon into the biosphere. However, the enzyme suffers from slow reactivity and poor selectivity for its primary substrate (CO2), making it the rate-limiting step for solar fuel synthesis and cell growth. To create an efficient and effective solar fuels process, any participatory enzymes need to have sufficiently high turnover rates to match the input of solar energy. A substantial breakthrough in this regard would be to develop an improved RuBisCO with enhanced turnover rate and selectivity. To date, directed evolution of RuBisCO has been hindered by traditional laboratory evolution techniques with prokaryotic hosts and yielded only marginal improvements in enzyme activity. To overcome evolutionary slowness and host inefficacies, I propose the in vivo directed evolution of RuBisCO in eukaryotic S. cerevisiae. This work will be divided into three parts: 1.) Designing a host organism that is dependent on RuBisCO activity through specific gene additions and deletions 2.) Develop a continuous directed evolution experiment to increase CO2 fixation, fidelity, and catalytic rate by applying selective pressures; and 3.) Isolate, propagate, and assay the resultant mutants, and test practical applications. The results of this work will serve to dramatically increase bioethanol yields through CO2 re-uptake and help achieve the European Commission’s goal of using 25% biofuels in the transportation sector by 2030. This fellowship will enable the necessary research to usher in a clean and renewable future.	none given	none given	none given
92149	746516	RECHARGE	Photon-recycling for high-efficiency energy harvesting in GaAs photovoltaic devices on silicon					2017-06-05	2020-06-04	2017-03-16	H2020	€ 248,063.40	€ 248,063.40	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2016	The Internet of Things promises billions of connected sensors and devices measuring and reporting information about the world around us. Due to the limited lifetime of batteries, this vision will not be realised without energy harvesting solutions providing power autonomy to sensors, a topic specifically prioritised in the 2016-2017 Work programme of Horizon 2020 (page 100). This project aims to develop and demonstrate high-efficiency and low-cost GaAs photovoltaic energy harvesters as power sources for wireless sensors, and equip the fellow with the entrepreneurial competencies required to commercialise the results. Prof. Tonio Buonassisi’s photovoltaic research lab at MIT (PVLab) is a global leader in optoelectronic modelling and testing of novel photovoltaic devices, and will train the candidate to determine the technical and economical viability of this new technology. The growth of these novel devices will be carried out with Mr. Brian Corbett in the III-V materials and devices group at the the Tyndall National Institute, Ireland. During the outgoing phase, as well as training in technical competencies, one-day a week will be dedicated to attending MIT’s Translational Fellows Programme, a specialist course for entrepreneurially-minded postdocs, teaching venture creation in-line with the candidate’s career goal to be an EU leader in science-based entrepreneurship in the clean energy sector. On return to the EU, a secondment at IQE plc., a III-V foundry, will allow the economic aspects of producing these devices in industry to be explored.	none given	none given	none given
92152	886953	SUSNASOL	Designing of Environmentally Friendly Colloidal Nanocrystals for Sustainable Solar Cell Manufacturing					2020-07-01	2022-06-30	2020-04-07	H2020	€ 172,932.48	€ 172,932.48	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2019	High-efficiency and low-cost solar cells are demanding to address the issue of the increasing global energy consumption and greenhouse gases emission. This stimulates the evolution of photovoltaic (PV) technologies from crystalline silicon (first generation) to thin film PV (second generation) with promises in further lowered cost and new building integrated applications (BIPV). However, facing problems of toxic and scarce materials (e.g. CdTe, CIGS, etc.) as well as the detrimental issue of defects (kesterite or CZTS) in the available solar cell technologies, SUSNASOL propose to build the new platform of low-temperature, high-throughput manufacturing for antisite-disorder suppressed, high-efficiency Ag2ZnSn(S,Se)4 or (Cu,Ag)2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CAZTS) nanocrystal (NC) solar cells. By referring to many scientific breakthroughs in the field of thin film and colloidal NCs photovoltaics in recent years, and combining the extensive expertise in colloidal NC PVs of the hosting group with the developed material processing skills spanning chemistry, physics, and engineering of the experienced research (ER), this project aims at specific research objectives including designing environment-friendly, CRM-free nanomaterials with excellent optoelectronic properties; exploiting nanoscale tenability via colloidal chemistry to passivate this new class of NC materials; applying only mild sintering, and optimizing new device architecture (e.g. superstrate p-i-n, bulk nano-heterojunctions,etc.) to unlock the full potential of CAZTS NCs. This fellowship will be carried out at ICFO – The Institute of Photonic Sciences in Spain, supervised by Prof. Gerasimos Konstantatos.	none given	none given	none given
92325	896069	Urb-TWin	Urban air temperature and wind speed variability: Empirical modeling to improve planning applications					2020-12-01	2023-04-15	2020-02-24	H2020	€ 203,852.16	€ 203,852.16	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2019	Climate change induces warmer summers and more frequent and intense heat waves, increasing human mortality and energy demand for cooling purpose. This is particularly critical in urban areas where climate variables such as temperature, humidity, wind and radiation are modified by the urban morphology, the lack of pervious soils and the human activities. While the urban population is likely to grow, it is urgent to make cities cooler. The overall goal of my project is to determine the urban fabric characteristics (mainly the morphology, vegetation cover and land-type) affecting the air temperature and the wind speed spatial variability. This new knowledge will be integrated in the Geographical Information System software QGIS in order to make it easily available to researchers working with urban issues as well as urban planners. First, empirical models will be developed to relate observed air temperature and simulated wind speed values to geographical indicators characterizing an observed or a simulated location (e.g. distance to building facade, vegetation or building density, etc.). Second, these models will be integrated in the QGIS software and thus will be available for interdisciplinary research purposes. Third, I will investigate the coupling of the urban climate models with energy models devoted to building energy estimation or solar energy production which are developed by the University Savoie Mont-Blanc (USMB – partner organization).The models developed during Urb-TWin will be useful for the urban climate research community since they could be used to speed up CFD simulations used in urban climate models. Moreover, they will also be available for urban planning applications from the widely known QGIS plat-form. Last, thanks to the Urb-TWin training and secondment, I will also increase my probability to get a permanent position as leader of an urban climate research axis at the partner organisation in the next years.	none given	none given	none given
93036	660731	RotaxHEC	Click to Lock: Mechanically Interlocked Architectures as Hydrogen Evolving Catalysts					2015-10-03	2017-10-02	2015-07-07	H2020	€ 183,454.80	€ 183,454.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2014-EF	Research towards the development of sustainable energy sources focusses on minimising our negative impact on the Earth. Towards this end investigations into the exploitation of solar power as a clean source of energy are active across multiple scientific disciplines. One approach is to utilise water splitting catalysts to generate oxygen and combustible hydrogen gas from water. This task is often split into the two halves of the problem: the oxygen evolving and hydrogen evolving sides.This project aims at the development of a new class of hydrogen evolving catalysts based on mechanically interlocked rotaxane architectures. The advantages of the proposed catalysts include mechanical protection of the catalytic centre, prevention of ligand dissociation by virtue of mechanical bonding, and assembly of the multi-component architecture in a single, rapid, high-yielding step.Initially rotaxane ligands will be synthesised using the synthetically flexible, convergent, active template (AT) methodology followed by examination of their coordination chemistry with abundant and cheap cobalt. Subsequently these structures will be assessed for their catalytic behaviour using electrochemical techniques, with structural optimisation utilised to improve their activity. We will then append photosensitising units to imbue these systems with photocatalytic activity.This MSCA would allow me to develop my skills as an independent scientist, both in terms of capitalising on the skill set during my studies in New Zealand, combined with gaining new knowledge and practical abilities, as well as enhancing my supervisory, teaching, and project management skills. Furthermore, having obtained my tertiary education (including Ph.D.) overseas, the action would facilitate my reintegration into the European scientific community and provide Europe with a highly skilled, independent scientist ready to take up the challenge of an independent research position.	none given	none given	none given
93293	752898	ELECTROQUANTUM-2D	Atomistic Electrodynamics-Quantum Mechanical Framework for Characterizing, Manipulating and Optimizing Nonlinear Optical Processes in 2D Materials					2018-01-15	2020-03-13	2017-04-11	H2020	€ 183,454.80	€ 183,454.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2016	Two-dimensional (2D) materials, which include graphene, phosphorene, and transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers, exhibit extraordinary linear and nonlinear optical properties not attainable in bulk media. They find tremendous potentials in many photonic and optoelectronic applications, such as all-optical signal processing, optical amplification, nonlinear switching, optical microscopy, quantum detection, and sensing. The availability of first-principle, fast, efficient computer codes is a prerequisite to the bottom-up design of 2D materials. However, theoretical modeling of 2D materials faces great challenges as it needs to incorporate effects of finite size, edge truncation, periodic modulation, nonlocal, and quantum confinement. Here, we aim at developing atomistic electrodynamics-quantum mechanical theoretical models and implementing them in high-performance computing (HPC) software for characterizing, manipulating, and optimizing nonlinear optical processes (NOP) in 2D materials. The main objectives of this ambitious project are: (1) To develop a macroscopic electrodynamics approach for simulating NOP in 2D materials. (2) To develop an atomistic electrodynamics quantum mechanical framework for modeling NOP in 2D materials and compare the atomistic model to the macroscopic approach. (3) To develop user-friendly and reliable HPC software that seamlessly integrates and implements the theoretical models. (4) Using the software and theoretical models, emerging applications of 2D materials will be investigated, including solar cells, nonlinear microscopy, and biosensing. The project will have high impacts on: (1) advances in the science, technology, and industry of UK and Europe; (2) applicant’s future career development; (3) research, industrial, and transferrable knowledge exchange between the host and applicant; (4) design and commercialization of 2D material enabled devices; (5) training of students and researchers in several interdisciplinary disciplines.	none given	none given	none given
93336	795079	PhotSol	Towards the Photonic Solar Cell – In-Situ Defect Characterization in Metal-Halide Perovskites					2019-07-01	2021-06-30	2018-04-19	H2020	€ 159,460.80	€ 159,460.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2017	Mitigating climate change is one of the key challenges of this century. This concerns in particular the fossil fuel-based energy sector as also stated in the H2020 topic “Secure, clean and efficient energy”. Harnessing solar energy by photovoltaics (PV) is the most promising way towards a decarbonized society. However, efficiency and costs of conventional solar cells are still hampering their broad application.Recently a novel type of solar cell appeared based on metal-halide perovskite. Due to versatile and simple manufacturing methods, its unique optoelectronic properties and high electronic quality, this material has the potential to revolutionized PV by a unique combination of low-cost and high efficiency. However, there are still loss mechanisms present that need to be understood and eliminated to make this technology really a breakthrough compared to conventional PV.This project addresses these losses, which are caused by defects (such as grain boundaries, interfaces to contact materials, and impurities) by a combination of in-depth optoelectronic and high-resolution structural characterization. The aim is to reach a completely novel operation regime, the “photonic solar cell”, which is at the same time a perfect light emitting diode. This is highly exciting from the physics point of view and directly relevant for application, because performance is increased. Furthermore, the obtained understanding of the defect physics will enable increased long-term stability (one of the major challenges) and accelerate the development of non-toxic lead-free perovskite materials.This work is timely because trial-and-error engineering approaches, which were applied so far, have come to their limits. On the other hand, just now the quality of the ultrathin films used in the solar cell is sufficient to perform in-depth device physics studies, where I am an expert on. Performing and leading this study at LMU will pave the way towards my complete scientific independence.	none given	none given	none given
93365	751848	2D-COF-WS	Designing and screening two dimensional covalent organic frameworks for effective water splitting					2017-04-01	2019-03-31	2017-02-24	H2020	€ 171,460.80	€ 171,460.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2016	In order to mitigate the energy crisis and serious environmental pollution as well as global warming, the conversion of solar energy into chemical fuels including hydrogen has been extensively developed to flexibly and conveniently utilize this clean energy form. Generally, hydrogen can be produced via photocatalytic water splitting under sunlight irradiation. The efficiency of this solar driven process to synthesize hydrogen depends entirely on the selected semiconducting photocatalysts. Composed of light-weight elements and linked by strong covalent bonds, two dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are low-cost, low-toxic and promising catalytic materials that can facilitate the water splitting process under solar irradiation. However, the structural, electronic and optical properties of 2D COFs can vary significantly with different factors, which will determine the final photocatalytic performance of 2D COFs. Therefore, finding viable 2D COFs for effective water splitting requires extensive fundamental research. In this project, we will explore the feasibility of using 2D COFs for photocatalysis on the basis of comprehensive theoretical computations. Via collaborating with experimental researchers, deep insights will be generated for the design and synthesis of 2D COF photocatalysts. After understanding the intrinsic properties and photocatalytic properties of 2D COFs, we will effectively and significantly help to design and screen promising catalysts for water splitting and promote the development and application of green energy.	none given	none given	none given
93408	640771	MASLOWATEN	MArket uptake of an innovative irrigation Solution based on LOW WATer-ENergy consumption					2015-09-01	2018-08-31	2015-05-11	H2020	€ 4,875,130.25	€ 3,996,317.83	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.5.	WATER-1a-2014	The world of irrigation requires innovative solutions, less water and energy dependant. UPM developed in 2013 solutions for large power photovoltaic (PV) pumping systems at TRL5 that was successfully tested in a real Irrigators Community (IC) of Alto Vinalopó (Spain). The results showed great technical reliability (solving the problem of the variability of solar energy), matching the IC irrigation needs just with the solar electricity (thanks to sun-tracking systems) and reducing dramatically the cost of energy (60% regarding the conventional grid consumption)In parallel, ELAIA has integrated systems with, in one hand, automatisms and ICT solutions that reduce the water consumption (30%) detecting in real-time the actual needs of the specific crop in a certain moment, and in the other hand, low pressure systems that reduce the energy needsThis project proposes activities to integrate both developments at a TRL9 for the first application and market replication of a new green product at TRL9 consisting of PV pumping systems for productive agriculture irrigation consuming zero conventional electricity and 30% less waterMain objectives:1 To show the technical and economical viability of efficient and intermittency-free large scale PV pumping systems for irrigation allowing 100% renewable energy consumption2 To reduce the water consumption, using Automatisms and ICT and Precision Agriculture-based solutions3 Market uptake and market replication of a new green product for irrigation at TRL9 consuming 100% renewable electricity and 30% less waterThe expected impact is, first, the market penetration of this innovative solution through five real scale first market systems (in Spain, Italy, Portugal and Morocco) and other technical, economical and diseemination actions for the market uptake. And second, the generation of a real market of 6GW of large-scale systems meaning a real business of 9000M€. MASLOWATEN is the initiative of an AG of EIP Water (PVAIZEC)	none given	none given	none given
93418	952879	SolAqua	Accessible, reliable and affordable solar irrigation for Europe and beyond					2020-10-01	2023-09-30	2020-05-29	H2020	€ 1,757,215.00	€ 1,757,211.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	LC-SC3-RES-28-2018-2019-2020	SolAqua will increase the share of renewable energy in Europe by facilitating market uptake of solar irrigation (SI). By combining photovoltaic and hydraulic technology with high efficiency irrigation, SI can provide energy for irrigation with 0 emissions and at a cost of up to 70% lower than existing fossil-fuel based solutions. The potential of SI to change the energy model of European farming is huge as irrigation demands large amounts of energy for pumping water to crops. Alongside a €4 bn energy bill, the current fossil-fuel based energy model of irrigation also has a high environmental cost; it produces 16 million tons of CO2 every year, approximately 15% of the EU’s total CO2 emissions from agriculture. Nevertheless, despite its potential benefits, market uptake of SI is being prevented by a number of non-technological barriers. Also, there is a lack of awareness and skills regarding SI among irrigators and other stakeholders, such as local SMEs and public authorities. SolAqua is the answer from a coalition of relevant stakeholders to overcome this situation. In a first stage, SolAqua will produce 7 key enabling materials and tools needed for SI market uptake but which are currently missing, such as quality standards and economic and environmental assessment methodologies. In a second stage, SolAqua will carry out a far-reaching dissemination and communication plan in order to attract more than 300,000 stakeholders in Europe and North Africa to SI in general and, in particular, to SolAqua’s exploitation plan. This exploitation plan will allow for the triggering a well-functioning SI market by producing a joint SI promotion of at least 100 MW (more than €120 M in investments) which will act as a flagship for the solution. Also, in order to support SI investments, the public authorities within SolAqua will produce a SI-suited supporting instrument and will allow for its replication throughout Europe.	none given	none given	none given
93425	787289	GRECO	Fostering a Next Generation of European Photovoltaic Society through Open Science					2018-06-01	2021-05-31	2018-04-18	H2020	€ 3,116,595.00	€ 2,973,220.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.5.c.	SwafS-10-2017	GRECO proposal faces the specific challenge of putting Open Science into action in a research project concerning Photovoltaic (PV) Energy Research. Photovoltaics is a realistic R&D area in which to set up and operationalize an Open Science demonstrator. By adopting the model of RRI, definitively we will demonstrate how increased endorsement of PV technology will increase utilization and integration of PV technology into the electric energy supply system.GRECO proposes RRI solutions to increase PV technology useful life, reduce its cost through increased performance and, demonstrate novel competitive solutions in agriculture and buildings. These targets will be met by providing 6 responsible and innovative solutions.The project brings together several expertise from many areas of knowledge in a coalition among all stakeholders of the quadruple helix representing three continents in a research project with research lines at different Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs). The project duration is of 3 years. GRECO is a double OPEN proposal: on one hand this proposal will be open after the evaluation process in order to facilitate Cross-Fertilization with the project in Swafs-10-2017 call that is finally granted, and on the other, it is open to the engagement of citizens, civil society and stakeholders, embedding an MML plan and two Open Innovation actions.How are we going to put into practice OPEN and RRI in GRECO proposal? Our scheme implies Open Science in all its dimensions including Citizen Science. Basically it includes Open Science and RRI approaches in all stages of a research project -planning, evaluation, action and closing- by considering different actions that will ensure an active participation from all relevant stakeholders included the civil society and citizens, to guide in the development of innovative solutions, and to guarantee the future acceptance of the research results.	none given	none given	none given
93583	101028536	PHOTALA	Hybrid Photocapacitors for Ambient Light Applications					2021-05-01	2023-05-11	2021-02-19	H2020	€ 212,933.76	€ 212,933.76	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2020	The sustainable future of humankind will be possible through energy use optimization, enabled by billions of Internet of things (IoT) devices. In this proposal, I will design an innovative device architecture for energy-autonomous IoT devices, namely Photocapacitor for Ambient Light (PHOTALA), which will be specifically adapted to indoor-light harvesting. The PHOTALA is constituted of 1) a hybrid photovoltaic joined to 2) an electrical double-layer supercapacitor (EDLC) based on the family of polyviologens. Ambient-light offers universally available energy, normally ranging from 100 to 500 lux, which is sufficient to supply the low power densities needed by IoTs. Photovoltaic devices can harvest this energy and use it to design near-perpetual smart IoTs. Hybrid solar cells (HSCs), such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC), and perovskite (PSC) solar cells, are a family of emerging photovoltaics with promising properties. DSCs have demonstrated to be one of the best technologies for ambient-light harvesting, outperforming silicon and thin-film technologies. DSCs can be tailored to match the spectra of indoor lightning, and operate at high voltages under low light using copper-based redox mediators. The polyviologen supercapacitor will store intermittent energy with fast charge–discharge steps, high specific power and long-life cycles, successfully providing energy during dark periods. This fellowship will enable a ground-breaking path in the design of self-powered wireless electronic devices, and will enable the researcher to bring together previous knowledge and expertise to the host institution and obtain new knowledge in the field of coordination chemistry, nanotechnology and computer science together with other transferable skills.	none given	none given	none given
94003	660149	BORCOM	Borylated Conjugated Materials					2015-07-01	2017-06-30	2015-03-23	H2020	€ 195,454.80	€ 195,454.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2014-EF	Recent work at the University of Manchester has developed an efficient synthetic method for transition metal free electrophilic borylation of aromatics and heteroaromatics. This approach has recently been extended to the fusion of conjugated materials containing the acceptor moiety benzothiadiazole – a group that is ubiquitous in materials for organic electronics. This functionalization leads to a significant increase in the electron affinity of the materials and a considerable reduction in the band gap, consistent with near-IR emission in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), ambipolar organic field effect transistor (OFET) mobility, improved n-type stability and effective light harvesting in organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). The BORCOM project will use this methodology to deliver novel molecules and polymers that exhibit high electron affinities and small band gaps by functionalization of azole or azine containing acceptors in the conjugated backbone. The performance of the new materials as n-type semiconductors in OFETs, light harvesting and electron acceptors in OPVs and dopants/emitters in OLEDs will be evaluated.	none given	none given	none given
94005	810809	JUMP2Excel	Joint Universal activities for Mediterranean PV integration Excellence					2018-10-01	2022-03-31	2018-06-08	H2020	€ 1,003,441.25	€ 1,000,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.4.b.	WIDESPREAD-05-2017	JUMP2Excel aims to stepping up and stimulate scientific excellence and innovation capacity of MCAST Energy in the field of PV integration including related technologies such as energy storage and ancilliary services and electricity markets. This is achieved by joint universal activities with a group of top world leading research centres (CENER and CEA) together with one of the best research intensive university (UNIMAN) who will provide access to extensive network and contacts in the field. The activities are mainly knowledge transfer and networking through a series of workshops, winter/summer schools, MRes and PhD programmes, internships, exchanges, meetings and mentoring.MCAST Energy is experiencing a self-funding growth within its breath of energy research theme that lead on campus. In addition, the MCAST main campus infrastructure together with laboratories will be the first ‘living laboratories’ on the island, used for real-life applications while delivery training and research as well. This TWINNING proposal will provide a stimulus of required knowledge to become more efficient and competitive to an international level of excellence.JUMP2Excel is designed for all partners to benefit in a way that goes sustainably beyond the three-year funding period. This eventually will result in enhanced skills sets and profile of MCAST Energy which in turn reflect the positive development of Malta knowledge economy including its ambition as a regional energy hub, solar country and blockchain state.	none given	none given	none given
94202	796322	PolymersForSolarFuel	Conjugated Polymers for Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution from Water					2018-03-01	2020-02-29	2018-02-12	H2020	€ 183,454.80	€ 183,454.80	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2017	With a steadily increasing demand of the global energy consumption and reliance of geopolitically sensitive sources of energy, such as petroleum and coal, there has never been such an urgency to explore alternative clean, renewable energy supplies. Aside from the obvious limitations in availability, those raw materials and their combustion products are considered polluting and low-efficient. Attempts have been made to address these concerns by introduction of solar panels, wind and hydro-electric power. While those solutions intermittently reach high efficiencies and can be used complimentary to each other, one challenge remains unmet—the supply of storable energy.The project PolymersForSolarFuel will address globally relevant challenges in the field of renewable energy generation and storage. It will combine established concepts from the fields of photovoltaics, photocatalysis, and polymer synthesis and enable the development of novel sustainable materials for solar-driven evolution of hydrogen from water. The “PolymersForSolarFuel” project aims to: a) investigate organic materials and contribute to an overall database of photoactive compounds, b) select most promising candidates through property-related screening, c) cross-examine physical (two-component) and chemical (one-component) combinations of such materials and identify most promising final candidate(s) and d) develop scale-up protocols and assemble a prototype of a feasible size. This proposal will detail the work action and outline the beneficial synergy between the host’s experience in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and the applicant’s experience in synthetic chemistry and in-depth analysis of organic compounds and their structure-to-function relationships. It will further identify contributions towards the personal and professional development of the applicant and show the overall share in advancement of science and education of the public in Europe within a cutting-edge research field.	none given	none given	none given
94302	840980	Hybrid-CO2RR	Functional Organic-Inorganic Hybrids for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction					2020-11-01	2022-10-31	2019-04-25	H2020	€ 162,806.40	€ 162,806.40	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2018	Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) represents a promising technique for sustainable utilization of renewableenergy like wind and solar energy to produce value-added valuable chemical feedstocks or fuels, providing an alternativeway to the climate and energy issues in European Union (EU). Unfortunately, the progress in this area has been slow as aresult of the sluggish CO2 reaction kinetics and the lack of efficient electrocatalysts. This research proposal aims to gobeyond the state-of-art in this area through rationally designing and engineering novel metal phosphonate organic-inorganichybrid electrocatalysts to illustrate a new methodology for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. The intractable low selectivity/efficiency of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction will be overcome through rationally adjusting the organic/inorganic compositions,porosity, and nano-/mesostructures of functional metal phosphonates to realize impressive performance. The nature andorigin of the CO2 reduction process will be investigated in this project, aiming at illustrating the relationship of chemicalcompositions and structures towards electrochemical performance and thus providing new protocols to design CO2RRelectrocatalysts. The successful completion of this project is suggested to advance CO2 conversion technologies, ensure theviability of EU’s resources, and benefit its clean energy/manufacturing industry.	none given	none given	none given
94457	763798	ENSEMBLE3	Centre of ExcelleNce for nanophotonicS, advancEd Materials and novel crystal growth-Based technoLogiEs					2017-09-01	2018-08-31	2017-07-07	H2020	€ 400,000.00	€ 400,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.4.a.	WIDESPREAD-04-2017	Within the project an extensive, detailed and robust Business Plan will be developed for setting-up of the Centre of Excellence ENSEMBLE3, with focus on the research excellence and innovation performance in the area of crystal growth-based technologies, novel functional materials with innovative electromagnetic properties, and applications in nanophotonics, optoelectronics, telecommunication, medicine, and photovoltaics. The ENSEMBLE3 Centre will build on the best of (i) nanophotonics and medicine-oriented research at the Centre of New Technologies Warsaw University; (ii) research and development in the area of crystal growth and innovation practices at the Institute of Electronic Materials Technology in Warsaw; (iii) technology transfers via the 3C Crystals Sp. z o. o., SME based in Warsaw. ENSEMBLE3 will be created in strong partnership with the leading institutions in the field with complementary expertise: (i) the outstanding Institute of Nanotechnology at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany with its research excellence in controlling the flow of light at an unprecedented level utilizing three-dimensional structured materials; (ii) the Department of Basic And Applied Science for Engineering at the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy with its research excellence in the theory and experiment of linear and nonlinear optics; and (iii) the Cooperative Research Center nanoGUNE Consolider, Spain with its excellence in optical near-field nanospectroscopy and nanoscopy, nanomaterials and nanofabrication.ENSEMBLE3 will build on the strengths of Polish science and technology, where historically crystal growth is a very important field, famously developed by prof. Jan Czochralski whose crystal growth method remains the most widely-used technique for manufacturing single crystals. The aims of the project perfectly fit the National Smart Specializations and the development of the Mazovian Region in Poland, with its crystal growth and optoelectronics-based companies	none given	none given	none given
94465	691664	SOLAR-ERA.NET Cofund	SOLAR-ERA.NET Cofund					2016-11-01	2022-04-30	2015-12-18	H2020	€ 11,860,475.00	€ 3,723,229.95	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	LCE-18-2015	SOLAR-ERA.NET Cofund will bring together 15 national organisations owning and / or managing major solar power research and innovation programmes throughout Europe, covering photovoltaics (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP).According to the challenges addressed in the work programme on Low Carbon Energy, SOLAR-ERA.NET Cofund has different objectives:• To implement a joint call on subjects of highest priority and European added value in line with the Solar Europe Industry Initiative within the Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan• To pool resources and to provide critical mass for transnationally highly relevant and innovative projects• To mobilise 20 MEUR of public funding (national and EC funding), and, together with the resources provided by the private industry sector, a total of 40 MEUR.• To enhance coordination, coherence and networking between national programmesSOLAR-ERA.NET Cofund will contribute to substantial cost reductions of solar power technologies, economic development of the European solar power sector and to reinforce Europe’s strong position in solar power technologies. Reducing technology cost and advancing manufacturing technologies, applications and grid / system integration are essential to increasing the deployment of solar power technologies. This way, SOLAR-ERA.NET Cofund will greatly contribute to:• Acceleration of the time to market by advancing technologies• Affordable, cost-effective and resource-efficient technology solutions• Decarbonisation of the energy system• Sustainable, secure energy supply and completion of the energy internal market• Strengthening the European industrial technology base (growth and jobs in EuropeSOLAR-ERA.NET Cofund follows on from SOLAR-ERA.NET project and network and previous PV-ERA-NET network, taking advantage of more than ten years of ERA-NET experience and expertise from all major key stakeholders in the solar research, innovation and industry sector.	none given	none given	none given
94466	857543	ENSEMBLE3	Centre of ExcelleNce for nanophotonicS, advancEd Materials and novel crystal growth-Based technoLogiEs					2019-10-01	2026-09-30	2019-08-06	H2020	€ 14,999,828.75	€ 14,999,828.75	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.4.a.	WIDESPREAD-01-2018-2019	The grand objective of the project is to create an autonomous Centre of Excellence ENSEMBLE3 with excellence in research and great innovation potential in the area of crystal growth-based technologies, novel functional materials with innovative electromagnetic properties, and applications in nanophotonics, optoelectronics, telecommunication, medicine and photovoltaics. The ENSEMBLE3 CoE will build on the best of (i) nanophotonics and medicine-oriented research of the University of Warsaw (UW); (ii) research and development in the area of crystal growth and innovation practices at the Institute of Electronic Materials Technology (ITME); and (iii) the technology transfers via existing companies and new spin-offs. ENSEMBLE3 will be a not-for-profit limited liability company acting as a scientific unit created in strong partnership with leading institutions in the field with complementary expertise: (i) the outstanding Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany with its research excellence in controlling the flow of light at an unprecedented level utilizing three-dimensional structured materials; (ii) the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy with its research excellence in theory and experiment of linear and nonlinear optics, especially of complex materials; and (iii) the Cooperative Research Center nanoGUNE Consolider, Spain with its excellence in optical near-field nanospectroscopy and nanoscopy, nanomaterials and nanofabrication. The increase of scientific capabilities gained through the Teaming partnerships will enable ENSEMBLE3 to be successful in receiving competitive funding in international forums; achieving a measurable and significant improvement in terms of research and innovation culture; self-sustainability and sustained excellence provided by stable long-term agreements with the advanced partners; and help the Mazovian region and Poland to attain a competitive position in the global value chain. ENSEMBLE3 perfectly fits the goals outlined in Teaming Phase 2.	none given	none given	none given
94471	838311	CSP ERANET	Joint programming actions to foster innovative CSP solutions					2019-06-01	2024-11-30	2019-05-06	H2020	€ 13,827,426.00	€ 4,563,050.58	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	LC-SC3-JA-1-2018	CSP ERANET is the result of a joint EU will for bridging the gap between research and commercial deployment in the Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology, so this technology can play a main role in the European renewable electricity generation in a medium term.For this purpose, the main European countries and regions, with roles to play in the future CSP deployment (industrial or academic stakeholders), have committed their economic resources to create big-scale funding synergies able to finance strategic CSP research.CSP ERANET aims to coordinate the efforts of Member States, Associated Countries and Regions towards achieving CSP SET Plan objectives, by pooling their financial resources to implement joint calls for R&I proposals, resulting on strategic projects with substantial volumes of investment, which cannot be allocated by individual countries or by the European Commission on their own.By pooling funds, CSP ERANET will achieve to finance large-scale projects implementing medium/high TRL research, which will accelerate the time to commercial deployment of affordable, cost-effective and resource-efficient CSP technology solutions.CSP ERANET constitutes a public-public partnership gathering 11 representatives from Member States, Associated Countries and Regions which have committed more than 9 million EUR public fund for launching the Cofund joint calls for proposals and more than 6 million EUR for the additional call to finance transnational research actions.During the 5 years of CSP ERANET the consortium intends to pool together financial resources from multiple countries, the Commission and the private sector, in order to invest more than 36 million euros (Cofund + Additional Call) in researching for innovative CSP solutions.This investment will finance 8 topics which were selected among the 12 R&I topics defined in the CSP Implementation Plan produced by the SET Plan temporary working group (TWG) on CSP.	none given	none given	none given
94472	786483	Solar Cofund 2	SOLAR-ERA.NET Cofund 2					2018-06-01	2023-11-30	2018-04-30	H2020	€ 20,152,168.00	€ 6,333,425.01	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	LCE-35-2017	SOLAR-ERA.NET Cofund 2 will bring together 18 national and regional organisations owning and / or managing major solar power research and innovation programmes throughout Europe. They will launch a co-funded and an additional joint call mobilising some 30 MEUR of public funding to support highly innovative transnational RDI projects.SOLAR-ERA.NET Cofund 2 will contribute to substantial cost reductions of solar power technologies, to support the economic development of the European solar power sector and to reinforce Europe’s strong position in solar power technologies. Reducing technology cost, lowering the environmental impact of power production and advancing manufacturing technologies, applications and energy system integration are essential to increasing the deployment of solar power technologies as crucial element of the Low Carbon Energy strategy set out in the Energy Package. This way, SOLAR-ERA.NET Cofund 2 will strongy contribute to achieve the ambitious climate change targets, to sustainable, secure, cost-efficient energy supply and to provide growth and jobs in the solar and related industry sectors providing also a solid technological and industrial base. SOLAR-ERA.NET Cofund 2 will focus on solar power technologies covering both photovoltaics (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) / solar thermal electricity (STE) according to the Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan and the documents with Declaration on Strategic Targets in the context of an Initiative for Global Leadership in Photovoltaics resp. Concentrated Solar Power and their subsequent Implementation Plans being elaborated by the respective technology groups, i.e. European Technology & Innovation Platforms related Temporary Working Groups.SOLAR-ERA.NET Cofund 2 follows on from the SOLAR-ERA.NET Cofund (started in 2016) and SOLAR-ERA.NET project and network running from 2012 to 2016 and previous PV-ERA-NET network, taking advantage of more than thirteen years of ERA-NET experience.	none given	none given	none given
94731	882794	RCE-OPP	Resonant-Cavity-Enhanced Organic Photo-detectors and Photovoltaics					2020-04-01	2022-03-31	2020-03-20	H2020	€ 178,320.00	€ 178,320.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.1.3.	MSCA-IF-2019	Organic photo-detecting devices (OPDs) and solar cells (OSCs) both rely on thin films containing blends of electron donors and acceptors, sandwiched between transmissive and reflective electrodes. This project aims to significantly enhance the performance of such devices, by understanding and manipulating resonant optical cavity effects implemented in this simple device architecture. By tuning the cavity resonance wavelength within the optical gap of both donor and acceptor, weak absorption of intermolecular charge transfer (CT) states is significantly enhanced, opening up opportunities to extend the absorption window to longer wavelengths. Using recently reported new non-fullerene acceptors, we will fabricate and characterize wavelength selective resonant cavity enhanced OPDs with high external quantum efficiencies and short response times, operating at longer wavelengths (>1200 nm) than the current state-of-the-art OPDs. To improve OSC performance, we will tune the cavity resonance wavelength to the optical absorption peak wavelength of either the strongly absorbing donor or acceptor. This results in strong light-matter effects causing a redshift of the absorption onset. This approach will be exploited to overcome the rather large voltage losses and optical absorption losses in state-of-the-art OSC devices.	none given	none given	none given
94807	736314	EBFZ	Float zone silicon from electron beam grown rods					2016-10-01	2017-03-31	2016-07-11	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.2.1.1.	SMEInst-01-2016-2017	For the first time a technology for skull (cold crucible) growth of high purity silicon rods of high diameter, which can be used for float zone (FZ) single crystal growth, is developped. This technology enhances economical efficiency of FZ method compared to abandunt use of FZ rods obtained in Siemens process and for the first time enables FZ secondary silicon recycling inside FZ process. As a result, affordability of FZ single crystals enables their use in photovoltaics and for power rectifiers for either volatges over 2,5kV or in 1-2,5kV range where nowadays other types of silicon are used due to their lower price. Employment of this technology shall increase PV modules efficiency and return high efficiency PV production back to Europe from China creating new jobs. Developped technology can also be applied to other high purity materials, e.g. refactory metals.During Phase 1 we plan to update market information by manufacturing sample single crystalline wafers from our material and supply them to potential customers. Also we plan to analyze market by ourselves and buy an expert market review on our market segment, disseminate knowledge about our technology at SEMICON Europa conference. Based on our negotiations with potential customers we plan to find out their requirements for FZ wafers, make such wafers from our material by cooperation and transfer wafers to customers for quality testing and price negotiations. That information shall enable us to prepare a detailed business plan for Phase 2 project realization. During Phase 2 we plan to acquisite FZ furnace for single crystal growth and create up to 60 jobs in vertically integrated FZ production which will have stable cheap feedstock supply thanks to our EB rod growth technology and customer ready product (FZ crystals) with wide client base.	none given	none given	none given
94928	729717	STORELIO	AN EFFICIENT RENEWABLE ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM FOR A SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL USE					2016-05-01	2016-08-31	2016-06-20	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SMEInst-09-2016-2017	Currently, worldwide societies demand more efficient, green and cost effective energy systems, as well as other countries demand off-grid electricity supply (Africa, South-America & some Asian countries). Besides, the EU has imposed strict goals on emissions and energy consumption until 2020, and prices of electricity are always increasing prejudicing European families. The forecast for the energy storage market is $ 8 billion globally by 2026 presenting a very attractive forecast for the commercialization of STORELIO. STORELIO is an innovative system based on the electronic integration of various functions, presenting these main advantages: 1) Supply 100% energy from the sun. 2) The user will recover the investment in 4 years. Also Energy storage as a Service (ESaaS) is offered. 3) STORELIO can work off-grid. 4) Has a lifecycle of 20 years and does not require O&M expenditures. 5) Can be managed remotely. 6) European families can save a 95% compared to the current electric system bills. 7) Bidirectional communication with Smart home and Smart grid environments to optimize the energy consumption. The target market is the residential sector of European countries, where solar energy is already well developed or where regulations will favor domestic energy storage. Another target countries are the African ones with an especial goal placed on the off-grid possibility. STORELIO creator is EasyLi, a French company expert in battery systems. The objectives to guarantee the technical and commercial viability of STORELIO are: develop a technical viability plan, a commercialization plan and freedom to operate analysis and a financial feasibility study.The Return of Investment is 2.2 by 2022 and the payback will be produced in 2021.	none given	none given	none given
94954	774973	SENSEE	Replicating the SUN through affordable, efficient and accurate LEDs					2017-05-01	2017-07-31	2017-04-21	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SMEInst-09-2016-2017	Saiens Smart Energy S.L. is a company dedicated to the development of special light devices, solar simulators, that replicate sunlight for the testing of solar products which employed by research entities. The innovation stands on using the more efficient and affordable LEDs than traditional lamps. Simulators are used for the testing of solar industry products (125billion€ by 2023) and UV degradation (industry of plastics and coatings, 290M€ by 2020)Current simulators, based in Halogen and Xenon lamps, have severe limitations and we have developed SENSEE, a solar simulator based on LEDs, to respond to the actual market needs. We have demonstrated that a LED simulator is simpler, affordable (7x times cheaper than current simulators), has 93% lower maintenance costs and more precise (only 5% of deviation to sunlight). The recent EU Halogen ban (Sept. 2016) and the rapid and unexpected advancement of LEDs has bring us to seize this business opportunity and bring to the market an affordable, accurate and advanced LED-BASED SUN SIMULATOR, SENSEE. SENSEE will promote a new niche of products that covers the gap between very expensive and complex systems used by accredited labs and the uncalibrated simple lamps used by small testing industry and research entities. SENSEE will respond to current simulators limitations that are not able to test with the required precision, the new incoming technologies (i.e. multi-junction PV cells and photocatalysis). We will introduce SENSEE in the main EU actors in PV, research centres and certification labs (Germany, Italy, France and Spain) during 2020 and 2022. Within these potential markets we expect to gain a mean penetration of 2% and a business growth of 3.6M€ turnover by 2024 and supported by the creation of 28jobs.	none given	none given	none given
94962	728284	IE-E	Innovative heat-to-power engine for very low temperature heat recovery applications					2016-07-01	2016-12-31	2016-06-08	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SMEInst-09-2016-2017	The strategic objective of the IE-E project is to develop a new heat-to-power engine in low-temperature ranges so that to recover and convert heat to power in a cost effective manner. This will be implemented by using an isothermal, scroll type expander that will replace the conventional (close to) isentropic one that is exclusively included in conventional ORC engines. This configuration can lead to much higher cycle thermal efficiency than the existing ORC units.The development of such isothermal expander makes it feasible to reach much higher efficiency than that of a conventional ORC, which is up to now the most common technology of heat conversion (e.g. biomass, industrial waste, geothermal and solar energy) into electricity. A first prototype has been designed, manufactured and tested, revealing the potential of this technology. Further work is required to validate and improve this concept and up-scale the expander to 20 kW rated power, with the aim to conclude to a commercial product.The proposal deals with this state of the art expansion machine and configuration, in order to promote this new engine/product to the internal combustion engines market, focusing on the utilization of the heat rejected from the engine cooling systems (for engines up to 500 kWe). This market includes both stationary engines for power production (fuels: diesel, gas, biogas, etc.) and marine engines (auxiliary diesel engines used for electricity production), while an overall power increase up to 10% can be achieved, reducing accordingly the produced specific emissions.	none given	none given	none given
95085	774866	HP-MOSES	Solar assisted high temperature heat pumps for molten salt energy storage applications.					2017-05-01	2017-10-31	2017-04-19	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SMEInst-09-2016-2017	Aiming at an integrated EU energy system, the work programme expresses the need for Europe to develop next generation competitive technologies for the electricity transmission network, which will be going beyond the state of the art and will be ready to integrate the market in five to ten years’ time. Among these technologies, energy storage systems play a crucial role for the flexibility, stability and security of the European electricity network in the context of a progressively higher integration of variable renewable energies into the grid. The main objective of the proposal is the technical and economic feasibility analysis of a large-scale (50-1000MW) molten salt energy storage system based on solar assisted high temperature heat pumps (HP-MOSES). The proposed HP-MOSES storage system consists of a solar assisted supercritical heat pump cycle converting the electricity surplus into high temperature heat during charging. The heat is then stored for the required time in a molten salt hot tank, and is converted back to electric energy in a thermal engine during the discharging cycle. HP-MOSES is expected to be a cost-effective and commercially viable large-scale site-independent energy storage system. With these features it can be considered as a valid alternative to existing bulk storage technologies in terms of round-trip-efficiency and cost of stored energy.	none given	none given	none given
95145	808944	TurboSol	TurboSol: Turbo-Solar Thermal Power for Industrial Drying Processes					2018-03-01	2018-06-30	2018-02-10	H2020	€ 71,429.00	€ 50,000.00	0	0	0	0	H2020-EU.3.3.	SMEInst-09-2016-2017	TurboSol is an innovative solution to provide heat for industrial processes using solar thermal power in a system in which solar collectors and a turbocharger integrate to provide hot air at 300ºC without the use of any additional energy sources other than the sun. Our system reduces the operational costs of industrial drying process by not requiring electricity or any other fuel, as well as thermal oils or any other heat carrying fluids, since our system uses air as heat carrier. In addition, the emissions of combustion derived pollutants and greenhouse gases are reduced to zero. Industrial drying processes are energy intensive and they are used in multitude of industries. Conventional industrial driers consume great amounts of fossil fuels and electricity and produce vast amounts of greenhouse gases. A TurboSol system of 240 kW power producing 480,000 kWh of hot air at 300ºC, will save more than €60,000 per year compared with an equivalent diesel oil facility, recovering the initial investment in just 4 years. The recovery is even faster compared to an equivalent system using electricity, 3 years. The greenhouse gas emissions saved are 126 tCO2 and 120 tCO2 compared to the previously mentioned equivalent facilities. There are other solar thermal solutions in the market, however all of them require an input of fossil fuels and the use of thermal oils or water vapour as heat-carrier. The identified market for our technological solution is the industrial driers market and the market segments are wastewater treatment plants, chemical industry, food & beverages industry and pharmaceutical industry. Our target users are European industrial facilities located in high solar irradiation zones requiring process heat up to 300ºC for drying operations. Thanks to TURBOSOL project, DEMEDE forecasts a total profit of €4.8M in 5 years and a ROI of 2.69.	none given	none given	none given
95149	728378	RollArray	A disruptive mobile photovoltaic array that can pack up to 20kWp of generating power into a domestic trailer and 100kWp of generating power into an ISO 20-foot shipping container.